IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  ST  KET 

WEBSTER,  N.<    ^vSSO 

(716)  873 '(503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreprodiictions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


n 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareiiure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6td  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppidmentaires; 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


n 
n 


i/ 


n 


y 


D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

L 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  hat  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


L'axamplaira  f  HmA  f  ut  raproduit  grAca  A  la 
ganirositA  da: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  cciaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibiiity 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  •pacifications. 


Original  coplas  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  fllmad 
beginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  aopropriata.  All 
othar  original  coplas  ara  fllmad  beginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  Illustratad  impras- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printed 
or  illustratad  imprasslon. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  images  suivantes  ont  tt€  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  I'exemplaira  f ilmA,  et  en 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplaires  origlnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  lea  autras  exemplaires 
origlnaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  Id 
darniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  fllmA  A  partir 
da  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  heut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthode. 


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AMERICAN  GAZETTEER, 

■  .     "     EXHIBITING,   IN   ALPHABETICAL   ORDER^ 

Much  more  full  and  accurate  Account,  than  has  been  given« 


< 

JF    TH  B 

•  r    \ 

States, 

Towns, 

Harbours, 

Mountains, 

Provinces, 

Villages, 

Gulfs, 

Forts, 

Counties, 

Rl^^ERS, 

Sounds, 

Indian  Tribes,  & 

Cities, 

Bays, 

Capes, 

New  Discoveries, 

^>^. 


American  Continent, 


■«*■..    **^-, 


^'Y-y. 


ALSO 

Of  the  West-India  Iflands, 

And  other  Iflands  appendant  to  the  Continent,  and  thofe  newly 
difcovered  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  : 

D  E  S  C  K  I  B  I  N  C  .»     -  »  -t-        k,  .  . 

"fhe  ExTEkT^BouNDARiEs,  Population,  Government,  Productions.. 
Commerce,  Manufactures,  Curiosities,  &c.  of  the  feveral  Coun- 
tries, and  of  their  important  Civil  Divisions — and  the  Longitude 
and  Latitude,  the  Bearings  and  Distances,  from  noted  Places,  of 
the  Cities,  Towns,  and  Villages  \ — ^with 

A  particular  Defcription  of  The  Georgia  Wejiern  Territory* 

T  THE    WHOLE    COMPRISING  ■ 

.  .^     Upwards  of  Seven  Thousand  diftinft  Articles. 

Colleded  and  compiled  firom  the  beft  Authorities,  and  arranged  with  gfeat  Care* 

by,  and  under  the  Direftion  of, 

JEDIDIAH    MORSE,  D.t). 

Author  of  the  American  Univerral  Geography— Fellow  of  the  Afn^rlca^  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences— and  Member  of  the  Maflachufetts  Hiftorical  Society. 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  SEVEN  NEW  AND  NEAT  MAPS. 
PuMiSjzn  accotDing  to  art  of  (Eongttfe* 

PRINTED    IN    BOSTON, 

At  the  PreiTes  of  S.  Hall,  and  Thomas  &  Andrews,  and  fold  by  E.Larkin* 
and  the  other  Bookfellers  in  Boston;  by  Gaine  &  Ten  £yck,  and  S. 
Campbell,  New-York  ;  M.  Carey,  and  W.  Young,  Philadelphia  ; 
by  MclTrs.  Websters,  and  Thomas,  Andrews  &  Pennymam,  Albany  % 

ttnd  Thomas,  Andrews  &  Butler,  Baltimore*  ^ 

• —  M.a  ,   "'•         / 

1797*  X  •'  4 


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<3p  The-  Map  of  the  Georgia  Westerk  Territory, 
not  being  received  in  feafon  to  accompany  fome  of  the 
copies  firft  delivered ;  thofe  who  may  receive  the  Work 
without  it,  may  have  a  copy  of  the  Map,  after  the  firft  of 
July  next,  by  calling  on  Mr.  Ebenezer  Larkik,  Cornhitt^ 
Bofton. 

•     ..   ■  .V        :J  -i'  ■      ._  '<.'     '   m  ■':"■■ 


,>:?.   •»«      '-.      <■■■■     -  'f'r/*       ^    {  . 


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•.v.       3iil  .  .^ -*•'■■■.,' 


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'.iM^    PREFACE. 


v<vr,rvc>i' 


i.f  v't/:  -^ 


i-.< 


-f/Vj.  X  HE  deiign  of  compiling  ind  pubUlhing  aa 
American  Gazetteer,  was  conceived,  by  Ac  Author  of 
the  following  Work,  as  early  as  the  year  1786,  while  he 
was  travelling  through  the  United  States,  for  the  purpofe 
of  colleding  materials  for  his  American  Geography,  This 
tleitgn,  perfe6tly  coinciding  in  its  fubjeA  with  his  other 
work,  has  never  fince  been  relinquiihed :  Opportunities 
have  been  carefully  improved  to  procure  information  ne- 
ceflary  to  its  accompliihment. 

The  Author's  profeflional  duties,  however — -the  delicate 
fiate  of  his  health,  and  the  attention  he  has  found  it  necef- 
fary  to  pay  to  the  revifion,  corredion  and  enlargement  of 
the  feveral  editions  of  his  Geographical  Work,  have  de- 
layed the  completion  of  the  Gazetteer  much  longer  than 
was  at  firfl:  contemplated ;  but  the  delay  has  enabled  htai 
to  render  the  Work  much  more  accurate  and  perfeft,  than 
it  otherwife  muft  have  been,  by  availing  himfelf  of  a  large 
mafs  of  information,  contuned  in  the  fiumeroas  maps, 
pamphlets,  and  larger  works,  which  have  been  brought 
into  public  view,  in  the  couife  of  a  few  ^^^lears  palft. 

Soon  after  the  plan  of  this  Work  was  conceived,  ^and 
fome  little  progrefs  made  in  colleding  materials  for  its  mo- 
plilhment,  the  Author  was  informed  that  Capt,  Thomas 
HuTCHiNs,  then  Geographer  General  of  the  United  States, 
contemplated  a  Work  of  the  iame  kind  :  to  him,  as  being 
from  the  nature  of  his  office,  far  more  competent  to  the 
talk,  he  cheerfully  refigned  his  preteniions,  and  made  him 
a  tender  of  all  the  materials  he  had  coUeded.  But,  with 
a  kindnefs  and  generoiity  which  flowed  naturally  from  his 
amiable  and  noble  mind,  Capt.  Hutchins  declined  the  o£fer, 
yelinquiihed  his  de%n,  and  put  into  the  hands  of  the  Au- 
thor all  the  colledions  he  had  made,  together  with  his 
maps  and  explanatory  pamphlets,  which  have  contributed 
not  a  little  to  enrich  this  Work. 

The 


1 


w 


P"-R  E"p  ace: 


'J 


'-.-•..^ 


! 


The  fame  kind  of  liberality  was  received  from  the  Rev, 
Dr.  Belknap,  of  Bofton,  who  had  alfo  meditated  a  Work 
of  this  fort.  From  his  manufcript  minutes,  efpecially 
from  the  third  volume  of  his  valuable  hiftory  of  New- 
Hamplhire,  and  alfo  from  his  entertaining  volume  of 
American  Biography,  very  coofiderable  affiftance  has  been 
derived.  "■  ' ' 

Edwards's  Hiftory  of  the  Weft-Indies — Saint  Mery*s 
Topographical  and  political  defcription  of  the  Spanifh  part 
of  St.  Domingo — Raynal*s  Indies — Robertfon*s  America—^ 
Malham's  Naval  Gazetteer*— A  compendious  Geographical 
Didlionary — Great  Hiftorical  Diftionary— Furlong's  Ame- 
rican Coaft  Pilot— The  Colleftions  of  the  Maflachufetts 
Hiftorical  Society  j  both  printed  and  manufcript — Bartram's 
Travels^— Jefferfon*s  Notes— Hazard's  Hiftorical  Collec, 
tions — ^Imlay*s  Kentucky— Carey's  American  Mufeum — f 
Gordon's  and  Ramfay's  Hiftories  of  the  Revolution — SuU 
Evan's  Hifl»ry  of  Maine-"— Williams's  Hiftory  of  Vermont 
"—Whitney's  Hiftory  of  the  county  of  Worcefter — An 
American  Gazetteer,  3  vols,  (anonymous) — Brookes's 
Gazetteer,  improved  by  Guthrie — Scott's  Gazetteer  of  the 
United  States— Cook's,  Anfon's,  UUoa's,  and  Portlock's 
and  Dixon's  Voyages — Charlevoix's  Hiftory  of  Paraguay — r 
Clavigero's  Hiftory  of  Mexico— Fleurieu's  Difcoveries  of 
the  French  in  1768-9— Acts  and  Laws  of  many  of  the 
States— thefe,  and  many  other  lefe  important  Works,  have 
been  carefully  confulted,  and  fome  of  them  have  afforded, 
much  matter  to  increafe  the  value  of  this  volume.  ''  •  <  . 
"  Added  to  thefe,  the  Author  has  availed  himfelf  of  the  inr 
formation  to  be  derived  from  all  the  valuable  maps  of  Ame- 
rica, and  its  iflands,  particularly  Arrowfmith's  late  excellent 
map,  exhibiting  the  New  Difcoveries  in  the  interior  parts  of 
North-Anierica — Des  Barres*  Charts-r-Holland's  Map  of 
New-Hampfliire — Whitelaw's  of  Vermont — ^Harris's  of 
Rhode-Ifland — Blodget's  of  Connefticut — De  Witt's  of 
part  of  New-York — Howell's  of  Pennfylvania — Griffith's  of 
Maryland  and  Delaware — Jeffcrfon*s  of  Virginia — ^Hwt^phr 

ins's. 


'f^^ 


P    R    E    F    A    C    i:.  y, 

ins'S)  Imlay's,  Lewis's,  and  Williamfon's  of  the  country  weft 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains — ^Purcell's,  and  others  of  the 
other  Southern  States-^Edwards's  and  St.  Mcry's  of  th- 
Well-Indies,  a^  d  many  others  of  lefs  note. 

The  various  Treaties  with  foreign  nations  and  with  the  In- 
dian tribes,the  newfpapers,and  the  publications  of  various  de- 
fcriptions  from  the  feveral  branches  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, with  which  the  Author  has  been  obligingly  furniflied 
by  fome  of  the  Heads  of  Departments— many  manufcript 
communications  by  letter  and  otherwife  ;  particularly  the 
valuable  M.  S.  Journal  and  Map  of  Capt.  Joseph  Inora- 
jHAM,  a  coniiderable  difcoverer  on  the  Nc  W.  coaft  of  Ame- 
rica,—^nd  the  manufcript  Journnls  of  feveral  other 
voyagers  and  travellers,  whofe  names  I  am  not  at  liberty 
to  mention — thefe  fources  of  information  have  alfo  faith- 
fully been  improved  to  enrich  this  Work. 

After  all,  it  is  but  proper  here  to  obfe^ve,  that  a  very 
coniiderable  part  of  the  matter  of  this  volume  has  been 
fele<?:ed,  and  alphabetically  arranged,  under  the  proper 
heads,  from  ?7'<?  American  Unher/al  Geography.  * 

In  the  compilation  of  this  Work,  which,  an  infpeclion 
pf  it  muft  evince,  has  coil  much  application  and  labour, 
the  Author,  unwilling  to  divert  his  attention  more  than 
was  abfolutely  neceffary,  from  his  more  important  profef- 
fional  duties,  has  employed  Mr.  John  Lendr  jm.  Author 
of  a  yfeful  conipendicus  Hiflory  of  the  Amei ican  revolu- 
tion, to  feleft,  arrange,  and  copy  the  materials  for  the 
Work,  from  the  large  coUeftion  of  books,  maps,  and  other 
printed  and  manufcript  papers,  enumerated  above,  with 
which  the  Author  furniflied  him.  In  this  arJ-uous  bufinefs, 
Mr.  Lendrum  has  been  conftantly  employed,  under  the 
direclion,  and  at  the  expenfe  of  the  Author,  for  more  than 
two  years  paft,  and  has  executed  it  with  fatisfadory  care, 
fidelity,  and  judgment.  The  whole  of  the  manufcript, 
Jiowevcr,  has  undergone  the  moll  careful  and  critical  in- 

fpedlion 

•  From  this  Work,  Mr.  Scott,  Author  of  the  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States, 
derived  no  flhall  part  of  the 'information  contained  in  his  Book,  though  he  has 
potJbeen  candid  enough  to  acknowledge  it  in  his  preface. 


■j-^-.'t.,   ■  -MV.)'. 


vi 


preface: 


fpedion  and  corrcftion  of  the  Author,  who  has  alio  cor- 
reded  all  the  proof  ftieets  from  the  prefs.  V'J^^Ji^'^'V'iiJ*^*^'* 
After  all  the  pains  which  have  been  taken,  and  the  «x* 
penfe  beftovved  upon  the  Work,  it  muft  not  be  ei^peftdd, 
for  it  is  not  pretended,  that  the  Work  is  free  from  errors. 
Its  nature,  and  the  circumftance  of  its  being  the  firft  work 
of  the  kind  in  this  country,  upon  fo  large  a  fcale,  render 
its  prefent  perfe<Sion  next  to  an  rmpoflibility.  The  Au» 
thor,  confcious  of  having  done  his  utmoft  to  render  it 
complete,  accurate  and  ufeful,  folicits  the  candor  of  his 
readers,  and  particular!/  a  correftion  of  every  error,  how- 
ever fmall,  which  falls  under  their  obfcrvation.  It  is  hoped 
that  no  very  important  or  offenfive  error  wiXL  be  found  in 
the  Work.  -    >■   -  --O'- ■.    ,..  --^  >  ...    -cvur  .■.,■•}).. '\rf 

In  explanation  of  the  Work,  it  is  proper  to  obferve, 
that  the  number-  of  inhabitants  in  the  feveral  ftates,  coun- 
ties and  towntj,  except  in  the  ftates  of  New- York  and  Ten- 
neflee,  where  there  has  been  jl  later  enumeration,  is  taken 
from  an  official  copy  of  the  gen<3ral  cenfus  of  1790. 

The  diftances  and  bearings  of  places  are  taken,  in  mod 
inftances,  either  from  the  lift  of  Poft-OfRces  ;  the  tables 
in  Regifters  and  Almanacks,  the  Journals  of  travellers,  the 
records  or  Journals  of  Legiflatures,  manufcript  furveys, 
or  from  maps,  In  this  part  of  the  work,  where  the  dif- 
tances  have  been  meafurcd  on  maps,  which,  in  too  many 
inftances,  are  not  to  be  depended  on,  the  Author  is  ap- 
preheniive  that  fome  errors  will  be  found.  The  diftances 
are  generally  reckoned  as  the  roads  run.  When  it  is  con- 
fidered  how  liable  tranfcribers  and  printers  are  to  miftakes, 
in  a  work  where  figures  and  fingle  letters  ftanding  for 
v/ords,  make  fo  great  a  part  of  it  ;  how  great  confufion 
the  multitude  of  places  of  the  fame  name  in  different  ftates, 
and  many  times  in  the  ftate,  muft  create,  and  how  difficult 
it  is  for  an  Author  to  correct  a  work  of  this  complex  kind, 
an  apology  will  readily  be  found  by  a  candid  mind  for  a 
confiderablc  number  of  miftakes,  Ihould  they  be  found,  in 
refped  to  the  diftances,  bearings,  latit\idc8  and  ^ngitudes 
of  places,  .    ,  Tli^ 


eb 

LE 

th 
cei 


f    Tl    t    t    A    C    ti 


v^ 


The  table  of  Poft  Offices,  &c.  annexed  to  the  Appendix, 
obligingly  furniflied  by  the  Author,  Mr.  Abraham  Brad- 
ley, jun.  who  has  in  other  ways  contributed  to  increafe 
the  value  of  this  Work,  furniflies  correft  information  con-* 
cerning  the  Poft-towns  throxighout  the  United  States. 
'  Longitude  is  reckoned  uniformly  from  the  meridian  of 
London  or  Greenwich,  except  where  the  reader  has  notice 
of  the  contrary. 

The  different  fpelling  of  the  fatne  names,  efpecially  thofe 
of  Indian  derivation,  among  Authors  and  map-makers,  has 
occaiioned  no  fmall  difficulty  to  the  Author.  Irt  many  in- 
ftances,  the  different  fpellings  have  been  given  ;  in  others^ 
the  fpelling  has  been  left  equivocal,  the  fame  word  being 
fpelt  differently  in  different  places. 

The  civil  divifions  of  the  United  States  are  not  uniform 
in  all  the  flates.  The  five  New-England  ftates,  and  New- 
York,  New-Jerfey  and  Pennfylvania,  are  fubdivided  into 
counties  and  townjhips  ;  and  moft  of  the  townfhips  in  New- 
England  are  fubdivided  into  parijhes  and  precin&s,  Parijh 
is  an  ecclefiaftkal  divifion.  The  flates  South  of  Pennfyl- 
vania are  divided  generally  only  into  counties.  The  Lvwer 
Country^  in  South  Carolina,  retains  its  original  divifion  into 
parijhes^  which  are  diflrifts  anfwering,  in  many  refpe<Ss,  to 
counties  in  other  ftates.  A  town^  in  the  Southern  ftates, 
does  not  ncceffarily  imply  an  incorporated  diftrid,  as  in 
the  northern  ftates  ;  any  number  of  compaft  houfes,  few 
or  many,  is  there  denominated  a  toiwn.  Town  and  townfiipy 
in  New-England  and  New- York,  are  generally  ufed  as  oF 
fynonymous  fignification,  and  are  all  incorporated  by  law. 

Any  Cape,  Fort,  Point,  Lake,  Bay,  &c.  or  any  place  that 
has  New,  Eaft,  Wejl,  North,  or  South,  prefixed  to  it,  if  not 
found  ui'der  thefe  general  terms,  is  to  be  fought  for  under 
its  diftin<'Hve  name  ;  as  Fori  Schuyler,  for  inftance,  look  iot 
Schieyler,  Fort,  &c.  ''■ 

The  article  Georgia  Western  TERRitoRY,  with  what 
is  annexed  to  it  in  the  Appendix,  compiled  with  great  la- 
bour and  ore,  and  with  a  ftrid  regard  to  truth  md  im- 

■^\l  .       ■■'  partiality. 


Vili 


P    R    E    T*    A    C    r; 


it 


I 


u 


\ 


f 


partiality,  will,  no  doubt,  be  interefting  to  all  who  are,  01* 
may  be  concerned  in  the  late  purchafe  of  a  confiderablcj 
portion  of  it.  The  excellency  of  the  foil  and  climate  of 
this  country— its  advantageous  fituation  for  agriculture 
and  commerce,  and  the  rapidity  with  which  it  will  proba- 
bly be  fettled,  render  it  a  fit  objed  of  public  attention,  and 
very  important  as  3,  frontier,  in  an  expofed  part  of  the  United 
Svites.  Its  fettlement,  upon  regular  and  proper  eftablifh- 
ments,  by  a  people  friendly  to  the  rights  and  interefts  of 
the  Indians,  and  under  the  government  of  the  United  States^ 
would,  at  this  time,  bd  of  immenfe  utility  to  the  union 
and  profperity  of  the  ftates. 

As  the  plan  of  this  Work  embraces  the  Spanifh  and 
French  dominions  in  South  America,  and  the  Weft-Indies^ 
fome  Spanifh  and  French  names  and  terms  are  made 
ufe  of,  which  require,  to  aft  Englilh  reader,  fdme  explana- 
tion.    The  few  following  are  annexed* 

Aixo  or  Jixos,  a  general  term  for  Flats  or  Shallows,  on 
the  north  coaft  of  South  America.         -^n/e,  a  Cove, 

Barcaderes,  a  term  fignitying  landing  places.  ' 

Baxos,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  South  America,  is  1 
name  for  Shoals. 

Bocca,  a  term  ufed  on  the  north  coaft  of  South  America, 
or  the  Spanifh  main,  for  a  Mouth  or  Channel. 

Cayes  or  Cays,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  are  little  IJlands  and 
Rocks,  difperfed  among  thofe  iflands. 

Chico,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  New  Mexico,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  fignifies  Little. 

Porta  leza,  a  term  for  For't,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil. 

Gut,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  is  a  term  for  the  opening  of 
a  river  or  brook. 

Morro,  is  a  term  for  Head  land  or  Promdritory,  on  the 
toafts  of  Chili  and  Peru  in  South  America,  "'•    ' 

Sierra,  a  word  ufed  for  Hill,  on  the  coafts  of  Chili  and  Peru. 
■*   Sierrillo,  means  a  little  hill  on  the  fame  coaft.    • '  •  -  "ii ' 

yro«  Z.^,  fignifies  The  Hole.  i>'!',-  '"■>*  '-  '  •  r/ /  nir,  ■  •: 
-m,  /v   Charlestown,  June  i,  ^797.  ./;>>* /f/;  i;;'"' 


i 


r 


•iiitmth  4i  ■ 


r'    , 


THB 


American  gazetteer. 


A  B  I 

AARONSBURGH,  lies  at  the  head 
of  Penn's  Creek,  Northumberland 
County,  Pennfylvania,  about  30  miles 
wefter'y  from  Lewilburgh,  and  40  W. 
by  N.  from  Sunbury. 

Abacco,  or  Providence,  one  of  the 
Bahama  iflands,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
fubjedt  to  Great-Britain.  N.  lat.  24. 
W.  long.  77.    See  Providence. 

Abacoochee,  or  Coo/ee,  a  large  riv- 
er riling  in  the  S.  W.  Territory,  paf- 
fing  into  Georgia,  through  the  Cherokee 
into  the  Creek  country,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Oakfulkee,  and  forms  the 
Alibama. 

Abbeville  County,  in  Ninety-Six 
diftritt,  S.  Carolina,  bounded  on  the 
N.  E.  by  the  Saluda,  and  on  tiie  S.  W. 
by  the  Savannah,  is  35  miles  in  length 
and  ai  in  breadth  ;  contains  9197  in- 
habitants, including  i66j  flaves. 

Abercorn,  a  linall  town  on  Savan- 
nah river,  in  Georgia,  about  5  miles 
from  Ebenezer,  and  13  N.  W.  of  Sa- 
vannah. 

ABiNEAt/  Porti  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Lake  Erie,  is  about  13  miles  W.  S.  W. 
from  Fort  Erie. 

Abingdon,  a  town  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  waters  of  Bufli  river,  Harford 
county,  Maryland  ;  iz  miles  S.  W. 
from  Havre-de-Grace,  and  20  N.  E. 
irom  Baltimore. — Cokefbuiy  College, 
inftituted  by  the  Methodifls,  in  1785, 
is  in  this  town. 

ABiNGDO>j,the  chief  town  of  Wafh- 
ington  county,  Virginia,  contained  but 
about  20  houfes  in  1788,  now  (17^6) 
upwards  of  150.  It  is  about  145  miles 
from  Campbell  s  ftation,  near  Holfton ; 
A 


A  B  S 

260  from  Richmond,  in  Virginia,  in  a 
direft  line,  and  310  as  the  road  runs, 
bearing  a  little  to  the  S.  of  W.  Lat. 
36.  30.  N. 

Abington,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Maflachufctts ;  22  miles  fouth- 
eafterly  from  Bofton,  and  contains  1453 
inhabitants. 

Abington,  a  parifli  in  the  town  of 
Pomfret,  in  Connedlicut. 

Abington, a  village  in  Pennfylvania, 
12  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Abipones,  an  Lidian  nation  in  Pa- 
raguay, S.  America. 

Abitibbi,  a  fmall  lake  in  Upper 
Canada ;  on  the  S.  fide  of  which  is  a 
fettlement  called  Fi-ederick,  which  laft 
lies  in  N.  lat.  49.  W.  long.  79.40.  Alfo 
the  name  of  a  river  which  runs  N.  and 
joins  Moofe  river,  near  its  mouth  at 
James's  bay. 

Abitibis,  a  lake  N.  of  Nipifling 
lake,  the  N.  E.  boundary  of  Canada, 
in  New  South  Wales  ;  it  has  commu- 
nication with  James's  bay,  near  Moofe 
Fort.    N.  lat.  ^9.  3.  W.  long.  78.  5. 

Aeram'j  Creei,  falls  into  Hucfon's 
river,  near  the  city  of  Hudfon. 

Abrojos,  or  Baxos  de  Babuca,  a 
bank,  with  feveral  fmall  rocks  and  ifles, 
E.  of  Turk's  illand,  in  N.  lat.  21.  5. 
W.  long.  69.  40.  Between  this  bank 
and  Turk's  ifland  is  a  deep  channel,  for 
ihips  of  any  burden,  3  leagues  wide. 

Abrolhoe,  dangerous  flioals,  about 
50  miles  from  the  coafl;  of  Brazil,  and 
near  the  ifland  of  St.  Barbe. 

Absecon  Beach,  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Jerfey,  16  imles  S.W.  fiom  Littlft 
Egg  Harbor. 

Acadia, 


A  C  A 


AGO 


II 


It 


;;a' 


Ac  Am  A,  the  name  by  whurh  Nova- 
Scotia  was  called,  when  it  belonged  to 
the  French.  Its  limits,  as  fettled  by  the 
treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  171;,,  were  St. 
Lawrence  river  on  the  N.PenobfcotW. 
and  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on  the  2, 
Thia  name  was  firft  applied  to  a  tradt, 
from  the  40lh  to  the  46th  detrees  of  N. 
lat,. granted  to  De  Mona,  Nov.  8, 1603, 
by  Henry  IV.  of  Fn'.nce. 

AcAPALA,  or  ylcapula,  a  town  in 
th.e  province  of  Chiapa,  New  Spain. 
It  i:-:  fituated  on  the  Tohafco  river,  near 
the  city  of  Chiayja,  and  not  far  from  a 
bay  in  the  South  Sea,  called  Teguanti- 
pac. 

AcAPULCo,  a  city  in  New  Spain,  on 
a  bay  of  the  pacific  ocean,  a 20  miles 
S.  E.  of  Mexico  ;  the  chief  port  in  this 
fca,  and  the  piincipal  mart  on  the  whole 
coaft.  Its  harbor  is  fo  fpacious  that 
Several  hundred  fln'ps  may  ride  in  it 
without  inconvenience.  The  month, 
which  is  defended  by  a  low  illand,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  long,  and  half  a  mile 
broad,  having  a  wide  and  deep  channel 
at  each  end  ;  the  wcfternmoft  channel  is 
the.  narroweR-,  but  fo  deep  that  there 
is  no  anchoring  ;.  and  the  Manilla  fhips 
pafs  in  tliat  way  ;,  but  thofe  from  Lima 
enter  through  the  S.  VI.  channel.  This 
harbor  runs  N.  about  three  miles  ;  then 
growing  very  narrow,  tarns  fliort  to  the 
W.  and  a  mile  farther  it  terminates. 
The  town  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  this 
padfipe,  on  the  N.  W.  fide,  clofe  by  the 
fea,  and  at  the  end  of  the  town  is  a 
platform  mounted  witii  ^jju.is.  Oppolite 
to  the  town,  on  the  E.  tide,  is  a  high 
and  ftrong  caftlc,  with  guns  of  a  large 
fize.  Siiiv-f,  wmmonly  ride  near  the 
bottom  cf  the  harbor,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  ciflle  and  platform.  The 
town,  farrounded  by  very  high  moun- 
tains, is  fo  unhcallhy,  fo  deftitute  of 
good  v/atcr,  ?'id  fo  dif;igrqeable,,  that 
except  when  the  Matillagaleon  is  there, 
and  while  t^e  ■  onlequeut  fair  continues, 
it  is  almoft  deferted  by  the  inhabitants. 
When  file  arrives  in  this  port,  {lie  is 
generally  moored  on  its  weftern  fide  ; 
and  her  cargo,  confiftiiig  of  fpices,  all 
forts  of  Chinele  filks  and  nun u&i^ urea, 
filk  ftockirig',  Indian  ftuffs,  calicoes, 
chintz,  together  with  other  fmall  arti- 
cles,  as  goldf  niths  work,  &c.  are  de- 
livered with  all  expedition  ;  when  the 
town  of  Acr,pu'ico,from  almoft  folitude, 
,  is  thronged  with  mcrch.ants  from  all 


parts  of  Mexico  and  Peru.  The  cairge 
being  landed,  the  filver  and  the  good» 
intended  for  Manilla  are  taken  on  board, 
and  the  fhip  prepares  to  put  to  fea  with, 
the  utmoft  expedition.  The  galeon 
takes  in  here,  in  return  for  tlie  goods 
which  file  brings,  at  leaft  ten  millions  of 
dollars,  a  part  of  which  pays  the  Span- 
ilh  ganifons  in  the  Philippine  iflands. 
The  commerce  of  thi«  place  with  Pferu 
is  not,  as  many  writers  Have  miftaken, 
confined  only  to  the  annual  fliip  from 
Lima  ;  for  at  all  other  feafons  of  the 
year,  except  that  wherein  the  Acapnlco 
fhip  arrives,  the  trade  is  open,  and  fliips 
from  Peru  come  hither  frequently  to 
exchange  the  commodities  of  that  coun- 
try for  thofe  of  JSlexico.  From  the  end 
of  November  to  the  end  of  May,  they 
have  no  rain  here,  and  Jt  is  fo  hot  in 
January,  when  the  fair  generally  begins, 
that  merchants  are  obliged  to  do  their, 
bufinefs  chiefly  in  the  morning.  When 
the  fair  is  over-  r.'.iiioft  every  body  leaves 
tiie  place  bin.  a  few  blacks  and  mulat- 
toes.  The  town  is  governed  by  a  chief 
jultice,  who  has  lOjooo  pieces  of  eight 
per  annum  }  and  the  curate,  though  al- 
lowed but  180  pieces  of  eight,,  makes 
his  place  worth  14,000  by  the  burial 
fees  of  ftrangers  who  die  here,  or  on 
board  the  fhips  in  the  harbor.  There 
is  an  hofpital  maintained  here,  by  dc- 
duftions  from  the  pay  of  the  foldiers, 
and  the  alms  of  the  merchants.  With- 
in a  league  of  the  E.  of  Acapulco,  is 
Port  Marquis,  a  very  good  harbor, where 
the  fhips  from  Peru  generally  run  in 
contraband  goods,  Lat.i  7. 12.  N.  long, 
102.  20.  W. 

AcARAi,  a  town  in  Paraguay,  S. 
America,  built  by  the  Jcfuits,  in  1624. 
N.  lat.  26.  W.  longk.jr,  5., 

AcASABASTiAN,  a  rivcr  in  the  prov- 
ince- of  Vera  Paz,,  in  MexiciO.:  It  runs 
into  the  Golfo  Dulce,  and  has  a  town 
fitnated  on  its  banks,  of  the  fame  name. 
The  fource  of  this  river  is  not  far  from 
the  South  Sea. 

AcASATHULA,  a  fea  port,  fituatcd 
on  a  point  01'  land,  in  the  province  of 
Guatimala  Proper,  in  Mexico,  on  a  bay 
of  the  South  Sea,  about  four  leagues 
from  Trinidad.  It  receives  the  greatetl: 
part  of  the  trcafiiies  from  Peru  and 
Mexico.  Ini  ts  neighbourhood  are  three 
volcanoes. 

AcoMA,  a  town  in  New  Mexico, 

North  America,  fitu^ted  on  a  high 

,  mountain. 


i 


u.  The  cirg» 
and  the  goodii 
taken  on  board, 
put  to  fea  with. 
The  galeon 
for  the  goods 
ten  millions  of 
pays  the  Span- 
lippine  iflands. 
(lace  with  Pferu 
Have  miftaken, 
Dual  fliip  from 
feafons  of  the 
n  the  Acapulco 
open,  and  fliips 
■  frequently  to 
esof  that  coun- 
From  the  end 
1  of  May,  they 
I  Jt  is  fo  hot  in 
enerally  begins, 
ged  to  do  their 
orning.  When 
ery  body  leaves 
cks  and  mulat- 
srned  by  a  chief 
pieces  of  eight 
rate,  though  al- 
f  eight,,  makes 
(  by  the  burial 
lie  here,  or  on 
larbor.  There 
d  here,  by  de- 
af the  foldiers, 
•chants.  With- 
f  Acapulco,  is 
id  harbor, where 
enerally  run  in 
i7.az.N.long, 

Paraguay,  S. 
cfuits,  in  1624. 

5" 

vcr  in  the  prov- 
Mexico.:  It  runs 
md  has  a  town 

the  fame  name. 

is  not  far  from 

port,  fituatcd 
the  province  of 
[exico,  on  a  bay 
ut  four  leagues 
ives  the  greate(>. 
from  Peru  and 
irhood  are  three 

New  Mexico, 
ted  on  a  high 
mountain. 


A  t)  A     ■  ::^^.^^; 

•ftiauntain,  with  a  ftrong  caftle,  and  is 
'the  capital  of  the  province.  N.  lat.  j^ . 
W.  long.  104.  15.  ... 

Accomack  Countji,  in  Virgmia,  is 
fituated  on  a  peninfula,bounded  N. by 
Maryland,  E.  by  the  ocean,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Chefapeak  bay,  and  contains 
13,959  inhabitants,  including  416* 
flaves. 

Ackjlin'j  Key,  lies  about  fifty  miles 
S.  E.  from  Long-ifland,  or  Yuma,  one 
of  the  Bahama  iflands.  It  has  Long 
Key  IX  miles  to  the  N.  W.  Upon  the 
fouth  eaftward  fide  is  an  entire  chain  of 
rocks.    N.  lat.  «2.  lo.  W.  long.  73.  30. 

AcHiACHiCA.  a  town  in  Mexico. 
See  Angelas. 

Aco u  E  z,  an  Indian  nation  in  Canada. 

AcQUACKNACK,  or  Acquakhiunk,  a 
town  on  the  W.  fide  of  Pafl'aic  river. 
In  Eflex  County,  New-Jerfey,  10  miles 
N.  of  Newark,  and  17  N.  W.  from 
New-Yopk. 

AcTON,  a  tovralhip  in  Middfefex 
county,  MaflTachufetts,  contr.ining  853 
inhabitants ;  24  miles  N.  W,  of  Bofton. 

AcwoRTH,  a  townfliip  in  Chelhire 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  incorporated 
in  1766,  and  contains  704  inhabitants  ; 
S  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Charleftown,  and 
j>3  N.  W.  by  W.  from  Portl'mouth, 

Adams,  a  townfhip  in  Berkfliire 
county,  Maflachufetts,  containing  2040 
inhabitr.nts,  iS  about  140  miles  N.  W. 
of  Bofton.  In  the  northern  part  of 
this  town,  is  a  great  natural  curiofity. 
A  pretty  mill  ftreain,  called  Hudfon's 
Brook,  \vhich  rifes  in  Vermont,  and 
falls  into  the  north  branch  of  Hoofuck 
river,  has,  for  30  or  40  rods,  formed  a 
very  deep  channel,  in  fomc  places  60 
feet  deep,  through  a  quarry  of  white 
marble.  Over  this  channel,  where 
decp^ft,  fome  of  the  rocks  remain,  and 
form  a  natural  bridge.  From  the  top 
of  tliis  bridge  to  the  water,  is  6»  feet ; 
its  length  is  about  iz  or  15,  and  its 
breadth  about  ro.  Partly  under  this 
'.J.  -ge,  and  about  10  or  la  feet  below 
it,  is  another,  which  is  wider,  but  not 
fo  long  5  for  at  the  eaft  end  they  form 
one  body  of  rock,  12  or  14  foet  thick, 
and  under  this  the  water  flows.  The 
rocks  here  are  moftly  white,  and  in 
other  places  clouded,  like  the  coarfe 
rn?rble  common  at  Lanefboi-ough,  aijd 
in  other  towns  in  Berkfliire  county. 

Ada  MS  TOWN,  a  town  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennfylvania,  containing  about 


A  G  A 

40  houies ;  20  miles  N.  E.  of Laneafdr. 

Ada  YES.     ?>z^  Mixicnno  Kin}er. 

Addjson  County,  in  Vermont,  is  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Lake  Ch.implain,  and 
is  divided  nearly  into  equal  parts  by 
Otter  creek  ;  has  Chittenden  county 
on  the  N.  and  Rutland  county  un  the 
S.  and  contains  6449  inhabitants,  dif- 
perfed  in  21  townfhips.  It  is  about  30 
miles  by  27  :  a  range  of  the  green 
mountams  pafles  through  it.  Chief 
town  Middlebury,  granted  Nov.  1761. 

Addison,  a  town  of  the  above 
county,  containing  401  inhabitants.  It 
lies  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  fepara- 
ted  from  Newhaven,  on  the  E.  by  Otter 
creek.  Snake  Mountains  on  the  S.  E. 
lie  partly  in  this  townfliip,granted  1761. 

Adequatangie  'Creek,  in  New- 
York  ftate,  is  the  eaftern  head  water  of 
Sufqtiehannah  river. 

Adtviiralty  Bayf  and  Port  Mul- 
grave,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  America^ 
lie  in  N.  lat.  59.  31.  W.  long.  140. 18. 

Adson'j  Town,  lies  near  the  N.  E. 
line  of  New-Jerfey,  and  S.  E.  of  the 
Drowned  Lands  ;  27  miles  N.  of  Mcir- 
riftown,  and  24  N.  W.  of  Patterfon. 

Affuera,  oneof  the  iflands  of  Juan 
Fernandes,  on  the  South  Sea  coaft,  ia 
the  kingdom  of  Chili.  Long,  from  the 
meridian  of  Callao,  30.  20.  about  400 
leagues  to  the  N.  of  Cape  Horn.  This 
coaft  fwarms  with  fea  lions  and  wolves. 

Agamenticus,  a  mountain  of  con- 
fiderable  elevation  in  the  diftrift  of 
Maine,  diftant  about  fix  miles  from  Bald 
Head,  and  eight  from  York  harbor. 
Lat.  43.  16.  N.  and  70.  39.  W.  long, 
from  Greenwich.  It  is  a  noted  land- 
mark for  feamen,  and  is  a  good  direc- 
tory for  the  entry  of  Pafcataqua  harbor, 
as  it  lies  very  nearly  in  the  fame  meridi- 
an with  it,  and  with  Pigeon  Hill,  on 
Cape  Ann.  The  mountain  is  covered 
with  wood  and  Ihrubs,  and  affords  paf- 
ture  up  to  its  fummit,  where  there  is  an 
enchanting  profpedl.  The  cultivated 
parts  of  the  country,  efpecially  on  the 
S.  and  S.  W.  appear  as  a  beautiful  gar- 
den, interfefted  by  the  majeftic  river 
Pafcataqua,  its  blys  and  branches.  The 
immenfe  ranges  of  mountains  on  theN. 
and  N.  W.  aflbrd  a  fublime  fpe(5tacle  ; 
and  on  the  fea  fide,  the  various  indent- 
ings  of  the  coaft,  from  Cape  Ann  to 
Gape  Elizabeth,  are  plainly  in  view  in 
a  clear  day  ;  and  the  Atlantic  ftretches 
to  the  E.  as  far  as  the  power  of  vi'fion 

exteuds. 


wm 


!;> 


If 


III 

Ml 


ALA 

cKtAi^l.  At  this  fpot  the  bearings  of 
the  following  objefts  were  taken,  with 
a  good  furveying  inftrumcnt,  O^ober 
jx,  1780. 

Summit  of  the  White  Mountains, 
N.  ly.  W. 

Cape  Porpoife,  N.  63.  E 

Rochefter  Hill,  N.  64.  W. 

Tuckaway  South  Peak,  S.  80.  W. 

Froft's  Hill,  Kittery,  S.  57.  W. 

Saddle  of  Bonabeag,  N.  14-  W. 

Ifle  of  Shoals  Meeting-houfe,  S.  6.  E. 

Vamey's  Hill,  in  Dover,  diftant  lo^ 

miles  by  menfuration,  N.  89.  W. 

Variation  of  the  Needle,  6.  W. 

Agamenticus,  a  river  in  the  centre 
of  York  county,  diftrift  of  Maine.  It 
is  indebted  to  the  ocean  for  its  waters, 
through  Pafcataqua  Bay  ;  having  no 
coniiderable  aid  from  ftreams  of  frefh 
water.  Its  mouth  is  about  four  miles 
foutherly  from  Cape  Neddie  liver. 
Small  veflels  c^n  enter  here. 

AoAMUNTic,  or  Amagiintic  Pondy 
in  the  diftridt  of  Maine,  fends  its  waters 
northward  to  the  Chaudiere,  through 
the  weft  branch  of  that  river. 

Agomiso,  an  ifland  in  James's  Bay, 
near  its  weftem  coaft,  N.  N.  E.  from 
Albany  Fort. 

Aguga  Capet  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
S.  America,  lies  fouthward  of  Puira,  in 
the  6th  deg.  of  S.  lat.  and  in  the  Sad  of 
W.  long. 

Alabaha,  a  coniiderable  river  in  £. 
Florida.  Alfo  faid  to  be  the  name  of 
a  branch  of  St.  Mary's  river. 

Alabama,  an  Indian  village, delight- 
fully iituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Mif- 
iilippi,  on  feveral  fwelling  green  hills, 
gradually  afcending  from  the  verge  of 
the  river.  Thefe  Indians  are  the  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Alabama  nation, 
who  inhabited  the  eaft  arm  of  the  Great 
Mobile  rivety  which  ftill  bears  their 
name,  now  poffeffcd  by  the  Creeks,  or 
Mufcogulges,  who  conquered  the 
former. 

Alabama  Rivfr,  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Coo/a  or  Coo/ee^  or  Higb 
Totvn  river,  and  Tallapoofee  river,  at 
Little  Tallafec,  and  runs  in  a  S.  W,  di- 
redtion,  until  it  meets  Tombigbee  river 
from  the  N.  W.  at  the  great  ifland 
which  it  there  forms,  90  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.  This  beautiful  river  has  a 
gentle  current,  pure  waters,  and  excel- 
lent fifh.  It  runs  about  j,  miles  an  hour, 


ALA 

is  70  or  80  rods  wide  at  its  head,  and 
from  15  to  18  feet  deep,  in  the  drieft 
feafon.  The  banks  are  about  50  feet 
high,  and  feldom,  if  ever,  overflowed. 
Travellers  have  gone  down  in  large 
boats,  in  the  month  of  May,  in  9  days 
from  Little  Tallafee  to  Mobile  bay, 
which  is  about  350  miles  by  water. 
Its  banks  abound  with  valuable  pro> 
dudtions  in  the  vegetable  and  mineral 
kingdoms. 

Alabaster,  or  Eleutbera,  one  of 
the  Bahama  or  Lucayo  iflands,  on 
which  is  a  fmall  fort  and  garrifon.  It 
is  on  the  Great  Bahama  Bank.  The 
foil  of  this  ifland,  and  Harbor  Ifland, 
which  lies  at  the  north  end  of  it,  is  bet- 
ter than  Providence  Ifland,  and  pror 
duces  the  greateft  part  of  the  pine-ap- 
ples that  are  exported ;  the  climate  is 
very  healthy.  N.  lat.  25.  to  a6.  W. 
long.  75  to  76.  5. 

Alachua  Savannah,  is  a  level 
green  plain,  in  the  country  of  the  In- 
dians of  that  name,  in  E.  Florida,  fitU'* 
ated  about  75  miles  weft  from  St.  Au-* 
guftine.  It  is  above  15  miles  over,  and 
50  in  circumference  ;  and  fcarcely  a 
tree  or  bufli  of  any  kind  to  be  feen  on 
it.  It  is  encircled  with  high  floping 
hills,  covered  with  waving  forefts,  and 
fragrant  orange  groves,  riling  from  an 
exuberantly  fertile  foil.  The  ancient 
Alachua  town  ftood  on  the  borders  of 
this  favannah  ;  but  the  Indians  remov- 
ed to  Cu/co<willa,  »  miles  diftant,  on 
account  of  the  unhealthinefs  of  the  for- 
mer fcite,  occafioned  by  the  ftench  of 
the  putrid  fifli  and  reptiles,  in  the  fum- 
mer  and  autumn,  driven  on  ftiore  by 
the  alligators,  and  the  noxious  exhala- 
tions from  the  marflies  of  the  favannah. 
Though  the  homed  cattle  and  horfes 
bred  in  thefe  meadows  are  large,  fleek, 
fprightly,  and  fat,  yet  they  are  fubjeft 
to  mortal  difeafes  ;  fuch  as  the  water 
rot,  or  fcald,  occafioned  by  the  warm 
water  of  the  favannah  ;  while  thofe 
which  range  in  the  high  forefts  are 
clear  of  this  difordcr. 

Alacranes,  Los,  a  long  range  of 
flioals,  banks,  and  rocks,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  gulph  of  Mexico,  oppofite 
the  penihfula  of  Yucatan,  eaft  from 
Stone  Bank,  and  weft  from  Cape  St. 
Antonio  ;  within  the  23d  deg.  of  N. 
lat.  and  between  the  89th  and  91ft  de- 
grees of  W.  long. 

Alaska,  a  long  peninfula  on   the 

N.  W.  coaft 


or 


:  its  head,  and 
,  in  the  drieft 

about  50  feet 
r,  overflowed, 
lown  in  large 
May,  in  9  day* 
)  Mobile  bay^ 
lies  by  water. 

valuable  pro- 
e  and  mineral 

ttbertit  one  of 

0  iflands,  on 
d  garrifon.    It 

1  Bank.  The 
iarbor  Ifland, 
id  of  it,  is  bet- 
and,  and  pro- 
)f  the  pine-ap- 
the  dimate  is 
65.  to  36.  W. 

H,  is  a  level 
try  of  the  In- 
.  Florida,  iitu<* 
t  from  St.  AU". 
ailes  over,  and 
ind  fcarcely  a 
[  to  be  feen  on 
I  higli  floping 
ig  fnrefts,  and 
rifing  from  an 

The  ancient 
he  borders  of 
ndians  remov- 
es diftant,  on 
lefs  of  the  for- 
r  the  ftench  of 
;s,  in  the  fum- 

on  ihore  by 
3xious  exhala- 

the  favannah. 
le  and  horfes 
large,  fleek, 
ey  are  fubje^ 

as  the  water 
by  the  warm 

while  thofe 

h  forefts  are 


ALB 

N.  W.  coaft  6f  America,  formtd  by 
Briftul  bay  and  the  ocean  on  the  N  .W. 
and  N.  and  by  the  ocean  and  the  wa- 
ters of  Cook's  river  on  the  S.  and  S.  E. 
At  its  extremity  are  a  number  of  iflands, 
the  chief  of  which,  in  their  order  weft- 
ward,  are,  Oonemak,  Oonalaflia,  and 
Ocumnak,  which  form  part  of  the  chain 
i  or  clufter  of  iflands  called  the  North- 
1  em  Archipelago.  Capt.  Cook,  on  his 
retMrn  in  1779,  paffed  through  the 
channel  eaft  of  Oonemak  ifland.  See 
/.  W.  Coaft  of  America, 
Alatamaha*  a  navigable  river  of 
Jeorgia.  It  rifes  in  file  Cherokee 
Imountains,  near  the  head  of  a  weftem 
[branch  of  Savannah  river,  called  Tu- 
gulo.  In  its  defcent  through  the 
j  mountains  it  receives  feveral  auxiliary 
ftreams  ;  thence  it  winds,  with  cori- 
fiderable  rapidity,  through  the  hilly 
country  35  o  miles,  from  whence  it 
throws  itfelf  into  the  open,  flat  country, 
by  the  name  of  Oakmulgee.  Thence, 
after  meandering  for  150  miles,  it  is 
joined  by  the  Oconee *w)\\c)\  likewife  has 
its  fource  in  the  mountains.  After  this 
junction,  it  aflumes  the  name  of  Alata- 
maha,  when  it  becomes  a  large  majeftic 
river  ;  and  flowing  with  a  gentle  cur- 
rent through  forefts  and  plains  ico 
miles,  difcharges  itfelf  into  the  Atlantic 
by  feveral  mouths.  The  north  channel 
glides  by  the  heights  of  Darien,  about 
10  miles  above  the  bar,  and  after  feveral 
turnings,  enters  the  ocean  between  Sa- 
pelo  and  Wolf  Hands.  The  fouth 
channel,  which  is  efteemed  the  largeft 
and  deepeft,  after  its  feparation  from 
the  north,  defcends  gently,  taking  its 
courfe  between  M'Intolh  and  Brough- 
ton  iflands  ;  and  at  laft  by  the  weft 
coaft  of  St.  Simon's  found,  between  the 
fouth  end  of  the  ifland  of  that  name, 
and  the  north  end  of  Jekyl  ifland.  At 
its  confluence  with  the  Atlantic,  it  ip 
500  yards  wide. 

Alban'?, St.  a  townftiip  in  Franklin 
coonty,  Vermont,  on  Lake  Champlain, 
oppofiteN.Heio  ill  and,  a.i6  inhabitants, 
Albany  County ^  on  Hudfon's  liv- 
er, in  the  ftate  of  New- York,  lies  be- 
tween Ulfter  and  Saratoga  ;  its  extent 
46  miles  by  38.  By  the  ftate  cenfus, 
Jan.  ao,  1796,  the  number  of  eledtors 
in  this  county  were  6087,  and  the  num- 
ber of  towns  II. 

Albany,  the  chief  town  of  the  above 
f  ounty,  is  fituated  on  |he  weft  bank  of 


AXB 

Hudfon's  rtver,  160  miles  north  of  the"^ 
city  of  New-York,  to  which  it  is  next  ' 
in  rank,  and  340  S.  of  Quebec.  N.  lat. 
42.39.  W.  long.  73. 30.  This  city  and 
fuburbs,  by  enumeration  in  1797,  con- 
tained 1263  building8,of  which  863  were 
dwelling-houfes,  and  6021  inhabitants. 
Many  of  them  are  in  the  Gothic  ftyle, 
with  the  gable  end  to  the  ftreet,  which 
cuftom  the  firft  fet^.lers  brought  from 
Holland ;  the  new  houfes  are  built  in  the 
modemftyle.  Its  inhabitants  are  colledt- 
ed  from  various  parts  of  the  world,  and 
fpeak  a  great  variety  of  languages,  but 
the  Englifti  predommatts ;  and  the  uf« 
,of  every  other  is  grjidually  leflening, 
Albany  is  unrivalled  for  fltuation,  being  ' 
nearly  at  the  head  of  floop  navigation,  " 
on  one  of  the  nobleft  rivers  in  the  world. 
It  enjoys  a  falubrious  air,  and  is  the 
natural  emporium  of  the  increafing 
trade  of  a  large  extent  of  country  W* 
and  N. — a  country  of  an  excellent  foil, 
abounding  in  every  article  for  the  W. 
India  market ;  plentiftilly  watered  with 
navigable  lakes,  creeks  and  rivers,  fet- 
tling with  almoft  unexampled  rapidity,  ^ 
and  capable  of  affording  fubliftence  to 
millions  of  inhabitants  :  and  when  the 
contemplated  locks  and  canals  are  com- 
pleted, and  convenient  roads  opened 
into  every  part  of  the  country,  all  which 
will,  it  is  expedted,  be  accompliflied  in 
the  courfe  of  a  few  years,  Albany  will 
probably  increafe  and  flpurifli  beyond 
almoft  any  other  city  or  town  in  the 
United  States.  The  public  buildings 
are,  a  Low  Dutch  church,  of  ancient 
and  very  curious  conftru(flion,  one  foJ* 
Epifcopalians,  two  for  Prefljyterians, 
one  for  Germans,  or  High  Dutch,  and 
one  for  Methodifts  ;  an  hofpital,  city 
hall,  and  a  handfome  brick  jail.  Thi§  ''^ 
corporation  conflfts  of  a  mayor,  record-  " 
er,  fix  aldermen,  and  as  many  afiiftants. 
In  the  year  1609,  Henry  Hudfon,  whofc 
name  the  river  bears,  afcended  it  in  his 
boat  to  Aurania,  tlie  fpot  on  which 
Albany  now  ftands. 

The  improvement '-  in  this  city,  with- 
in 5  or  6  years  paft,h;  vc  been  very  great 
in  almoft  all  refpefti.  Wharves  have 
been  built  on  the  river,  the  ftreets  have 
been  paved,  a  bank  inftituted,  a  new  and 
handfome  ftyle  of  building  introduced, 
and  now  excellent  water  (an  article  in 
which  this  city  has  hitherto  been  ex- 
tremely deficient,  having  been  obliged 
to  life  the  dirty  water  of  the  river)  is 

about 


ALB 


:i1;. 


ALE 


i 


I 


Al»out  to  be  conduiftcd  into  the  various 
parts  of  the  city,  from  a  fine  fpring  s 
miles  weft  of  the  city.  For  thefe  im- 
provements the  inhabitantu  are  indebt- 
ed to  the  patriotic  exertions  of  a  very 
few  gentlemen* 

One  mile  noith  of  this  city,  in  its 
fuburba,  near  the  manor  houfe  of  lieu- 
tenant govcnior  Van  Renflalacr,  are 
very  ingenioufly  conftruiJled,  extenfivc 
and  ufeful  works,  for  the  maiuifatture 
of  Saitch  and  rappee  fnuff,  roll  and  cut 
tobacco  of  different  kinds,  chocolate, 
muftard,ftarch,hair-powder,  fplit  peafe, 
and  hulled  barley.  Thefe  valuable 
ivorks  are  the  property  of  Mr.  James 
Caldwell,  who  unfortunately  loft  a 
complete  fet  of  fimilar  "tyrks,  by  fire, 
in  July,  1794,  with  the  ftock,  valued 
at  37,50©  ddlars.  It  is  a  circumftaiicc 
worthy  of  rcmark,and  is  evincive  of  the 
induftry  and  enlerprize  of  the  proprie- 
tor, that  the  whole  of  the  prefent  build- 
ings and  machinery  were  begun  and 
completed  in  the  (hort  i'pace  of  eleven 
months.  Thefe  works  are  decidedly 
fuperior  to  any  of  the  kind  in  America^ 
All  the  art'  \."s  above  enumerated,  even 
to  the  fpinmng  of  tobacco,  are  manu- 
factured by  the  aid  of  water  machinery. 
For  the  invention  of  this  machinery  the 
proprietor  has  obtained  a  patent.  Thefe 
work6  give  employment  and  fubfiftence 
♦o  40  poor  boys,  and  a  number  of 
workmen.  Men  who  make  fuch  efforts 
to  advance  American  manufactures, 
deferve  well  of  tlieir  country. 

Albany,  a  Britifh  fortrcfs  in  New 
South  Wales,  in  N.  America,  fituated 
on  the  river  of  the  fame  name.  N.  lat. 
53.  10.  W.  long*  87.  ao. 

Albany  Pdver,  falls  Into  Jameses 
Tiay,  in  N.  America,  in  N.  lat.  51.  30. 
W.  long*  84.  3(jw  This  river  runs  in  a 
3?!?.  E.  diredion,  and  has  communica- 
tion with  a  vaft  chain  of  fmall  lakes,  in 
a  line  S.  W.  to  the  S.  end  of  Winnipeg 
Jake,  a  body  of  watfr  next  in  fizc  to 
Lake  Superior* 

Aldema&le  Countp  in  Virginia, 
4ies  ■between  tlie  Blue  ridge  and  the  tide 
w.aters,  "and  contains  12,585  inhabit- 
ants, including  5579  flaves.  Its  extent 
about  35  miles  fquare. 

Albemarle  Sounb,  on  the  coaft  of 
JNorth-Carolina,  i«  a  kind  of  inland  fea, 
60  miles  in  lengthy  a«d  from  8  to  12  in 
breadth.  It  lies  north  of  Pamplico 
£ound,  and  communioa4:cs  with  it ;  as 


it  likevyife  does  with  Currituck  Ihldu 
It  receives  Roanoke  and  Meherrin  riv- 
ers ;  and  the  paffage  into  it  from  the 
fea  is  called  Roanoke  Inlet. 

Albion,  New,  the  name  given  by 
Sir  Francis  Drake  to  California,  and 
part  of  the  N.  W.  coirft  of  America, 
when  he  took  pofleflion  of  it,  A  large 
trad  of  the  N.  W.  coaft  is  thus  called. 
Capt.  Cook  landed  on  a  part  of  this 
coaft  on  the  7th  of  March,  1778,  ia 
N.  lat.  74.  33.  E.  long.  i^S'  10.  which 
he  thus  defcribes  :  "  The  land  is  full 
of  mountains,  the  tops  of  which  are 
covered  with  fnow  ;  while  the  vallies 
between  them,  and  the  grounds  on  the 
fea-coaft,  high  as  well  as  low,  are  cov- 
ered with  trees,  which  form  alicautiful 
profpedt,  as  of  one  vaft  foreft.  At  firft 
the  natives  feemed  to  prefer  ivon  to 
every  other  article  of  commerce  ;  at 
laft  they  preferred  brafs.  They  were 
more  tenacious  of  their  property  than 
any  of  the  favage  nations  that  had 
hitherto  been  met  with  ;  fo  that  they 
would  not  part  with  wood,  water,  grafs, 
nor  the  moft  trifling  article  without  2 
compcnfation,  and  were  fometimes  very 
unreafonable  in  their  demands." 

Alden,  Fort,  in  Cherry  Vallev,  in 
the  ftate  of  New- York. 

ALEMPiGON,a  fmall  lake  northward 
of  Lake  Superior. 

Alexandria,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton county,  New-Hamplhire,containing 
398  inhabitants  ;  incorporat«d  in  J  782, 

Alexandria,  a  townftiip  in  Hun- 
teidon  county,  New-Jerfey,  containing 
1503  inhabitants,  inclufive  of  40  flaves. 

Alexandria,  a  fmall  town  in  Hunt- 
ingdon county,  Pennfylvania,  on  the 
trankftown  branch'  of  Juniatta  river  ; 
19a  miles  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Alexandria,  formerly  called  Bel- 
haverit  a  city  in  Virginia,  fituated  on 
the  fouthern  bank  of  the  Patowmac 
river,  in  Fairfax  county,  about  5  miles 
8.  W.  from  the  Federal  City,  60  S.  W, 
fi'om  Baltimore,  69  N.  from  Frcderickf- 
burgh,  i68  N.  of  Williamfburgh,  and 
490  from  the  fea  ;  38.  45.  N.  lat.  and 
77.  10.  W.  long,  its  fituation  is  ele- 
vated and  pleafant.  The  foil  is  clayey. 
The  original  fettlers,  anticipating  its 
future  growth  and  impoitanoe,  laid  out 
the  ftreets  on  the  plan  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  about  400  houfes,  many  of 
which  are  handfomely  built,  and  2748 
inhabitants.    This  city,  upon  opcnina 


lake  northward 


ALL 

[tlie  navigation  of  Patowmac  rircr,  and 
(in  confequence  of  its  vicinity  to  the 
[  future  feat  of  the  federal  government, 
bids  fair  to  he  one  of  the  moft  thriving 
I  commercial  places  on  the  continent. 

Alford,  a  tovvnfhip  in  Berkftiire 
j county,  Maflachufetts,  containing  577 
linliabitants  ;  145  miles  weft  ward  from 
JBofton. 

Alfordstown,   a  fmall  town  in 
^|kloor  county,  North-Carolina. 
,    Algonquins,  an  Indian  nation  in 
Jpper  Canada,  on  the  north  fide  of 
;,ake  Huron. 

Alkamsas,  or  Arkanfai,  an  Indian 
lation  in  Louidana,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
iMiflTifippi  river,  near  the  river  of  the 
[fame  name,  in  N.  lat.  34.  Sec  Arkan- 
\JiiJ  River. 

Allburg,  a  townftiip  in  Franklin 
county,  Vermont,  containing  446  inhab- 
itants ;  fituated  on  MiJJifquc  Bay. 

Alleghany  Mountains^  between 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  the  Miflifippi  river, 
and  the  lakes,  are  a  long  and  broad 
range  of  mountains,  made  up  of  a  great 
number  of  ridges,  extending  north-caft- 
erly  and  fouth-wefterly,  nearly  parallel 
to  the  fea  coaft,  about  900  miles  in 
length,  and  from  60  to  150  and  200 
miles  in  breadth.  Mr.  Evans  obferves, 
with  refpeft  to  that  part  of  thefe  moun- 
tains which  be  travelled  over,  viz.  in 
the  back  parts  of  Pennfylvania,  that 
fcarcely  one  acre  in  ten  is  capable  of 
culture.  This,  however,  is  far  from 
being  the  cafe  in  all  parts  of  this  range. 
Numerous  trads  of  fine  arable  and 
grazing  land  intervene  between  the 
ridges.  The  different  ridges  which  com- 
pofe  this  immenfe  range  of  mountains, 
have  different  names  in  the  different 
ftates,  viz.  the  Blue  Ridge,  the  North 
Mountain,  or  North  Ridge,  or  DeviPs 
Back-bone,  Laurel  Ridge,  JackforCs 
Mountains,  and  Kittatinny  Mountains  ; 
which  fee  under  thefe  names.  All  thefe 
ridges,  except  the  Alleghany,  are  broken 
through  by  rivers,  which  appear  to  have 
forced  their  way  through  folid  rocks. 
This  principal  ridge  is  more  immedi- 
ately called  Alleghany,  and  is  deferip- 
tively  named  the  Back-bone  of  the  United 
States.  From  thefe  feveral  ridges  pro- 
ceed innumerable  brandies,  or  fpurs. 

The  general  name  of  the  whole  range, 
taken  colleil:ively,feems  not  yet  to  have 
been  determined.  Mr.  Evans  calls  them 
^e  Endlejs  Mauntaim  i   others  have 


ALL  „ 

called  them  the  Appalachia  ^Mwntahis, 
from  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  live  on  a 
river  wnich  proceeds  from  this  moun- 
tain, called  the  Appalachicola  ;  but  the 
moft  common  name  is  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  f(i  called,  probably,  from 
the  principal  ridge  of  the  range.  Thefe 
mountains  .are  not  confufedly  fcattcred, 
rifing  here  and  there  into  high  peaks, 
overtopping  each  other ;  but  run  along 
in  uniform  ridges,  fcarcoly  half  a  mile 
high.  They  fpvead  as  you  pr(x:eed 
fouth,  and  fome  of  them  terminate  iiT 
high  perpendicular  bluffs :  others  grad- 
ually fubfide  into  a  level  country,  giv- 
ing rife  to  the  rivers  which  run  fouth- 
erly  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Alleghany  Riivr,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia, rifes  on  the  wcftern  fide  of  the  Al- 
leghany Mountain,  and  after  running 
about  300  miles  in  a  S.  W..  dirtdtion, 
meets  the  Monongahela  at  Pittfburg» 
and  both  united,  form  the  Ohio.  The 
lands  on  each  fide  of  this  river,  for  153 
miles  above  Pittlburg,  confift  of  white 
oak  and  chefnut  ridges,  and,  in  many 
places,  of  poor  pitch  pines,  interfperfed 
with  tra(5ts  of  good  land,  and  low  mea- 
dows. This  river,  and  the  Ohio  like- 
wife,  from  its  head  waters  until  it  en- 
ters the  Mifiifippi,  are  known  and  call- 
ed by  the  name  of  Alleghany  River,  by 
the  Seneca,  and  other  tribes  of  the  Six 
Nations,  who  once  inhabited  it. 

Alleghany  County,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia, extends  from  the  junftion  or  the 
river  of  that  name  with  the  Ohio,  where 
its  chief  town,  Pittfburg,  is  fituated,  to 
the  New- York  line.  It  contains  io,3oy 
inhabitants,  including  159  flaves. 

Alleghany,  is  the  moft  weftern 
county  in  Maryland,  and  has  Pennfyl- 
vania on  the  north.  The  windings  of 
the  Potowmac  River  feparate  it  from 
Virginia  on  the  fouth,  and  Sideling-hill 
Creek  divides  it  from  Wafliington  coun- 
ty on  the  eaft.  It  contains  4809  in- 
habitants, including  258  Haves.  Cum- 
berland is  its  chief  town. 

Allemaengel,  a  fmall  Moravian 
fettlement  on  Swetara  River,  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Allemand,  a  river  which  falls  into 
the  Miffifippi  fi-om  the  S.  E.  about  43, 
miles  S.  of  the  Natches.  1 

Allen  STOWN,  a  town  in  New-Jer- 
fey,  in  Monmouth  county,  15  miles  N. 
E.  from  Lurlington,  and  13  S.  by  ?• 
from  Princeton. 

Allenstowm, 


A  L  S 


A  MA 


Alxinstown,  a  townfliip  in  Rock- 
ingham county,"  New-Hamp(hire,  con- 
taining 354  inhabitants  ;  fituated  on 
the  £.  ildc  of  Merrimack  river,  25  miles 
N.  W.  of  Exeter,  and  40  from  Portf- 
mouth. 

Allen  -  Town,  in  Pennfylvanin, 
Northampton  county,  on  the  point  of 
land  formed  by  Jordan's  creek,  and  the 
Little  Lehiegh.  It  contains  about  90 
houfes,  and  an  academy. . 
.  Alloway  Creeky  in  Salem  county, 
Kew-Jerfey,  empties  into  the  Delaware. 
It  is  navigable  16  miles,  interrupted, 
however,  by  feveral  draw-bridges.     , 

All-Saints,  iOands  near  Ouada- 
loupe  ifland,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 

All-Saints,  a  parifli  in  George- 
town diftrifl,  South-Carolina,  contain- 
ing 2225  inhabitants,  of  whom  429  are 
whites,  and  1795  (laves.  It  fends  a 
member  to  each  houfe  of  the  ftate  legif- 
lature. 

All-Saints  JJ/y,  ^' diptain(hip  in 
the  middle  dividon  of  Brazil,  fo  called 
fi-om  a  large  bay  of  that  name,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  Ria  Real ;  on  the  S.  by 
that  of  Las  Ilheos  ;  pn  the  E.  by  the 
ocean  ;  and  ori  the  W.  by  three  u'ncon- 
quered  nations  bf  Indians^  It  is  reck- 
oned one  of  the  richeft  and  moft  fertile 
captainfhips  iii  all  Brazil,  producing 
great  quantities  of  cotton  and  fugar. 
The  bay  itfelf  is  about  a|  leagues  over, 
interfperfed  with  a  number  of  fmall,  but 
pleafant  illands,  and  is  of  prodigious 
advantage  to  the  whole  country.  It 
has  feveral  cities  and  towns,  particularly 
St.  Salvador,  which  is  its  capital.  All- 
Saints  Bay  lies  in  lat.  12. 3.  S.  long.  40. 
10.  W.     See  Salvador. 

Almaria.     See  Filla  Rica. 

Almira,  a  town  in  Mexico.  See 
Aiigelos. 

Almsbury,  commonly  called  ^»i(f/^ 
buryt  is  a  flouriftiing  town  in  Eflex  coun- 
ty, Maflachufetts^  on  the  north  weftem 
bank  of  Merrimack  river,  about  five 
miles  N.  W.  of  Newburyport,  contain- 
ing 1 801  inhabitants.  Powaws  river 
divides  the  townfliip  from  Salifbtiry, 
over  which  a  handfome  bridge  has  later 
ly  been  erefted.  A  number  of  mills 
he  on  this  river  round  the  lower  falls. 
See  Poivaavs  river. 

Alstuad,  a  townfhip  in  Cheffiire 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  containing 
mi  inhabitants  ;  8  miles  S.  fr(nA 
Ckarkftown. 


Alton,  a  tra<^  of  land  in  Strafford 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  N.  £.  from 
Barnftead. 

Alvarado»  a  river  in  New  Spain, 
which  rifes  in  the  mountains  of  the 
Zapotecas,  and,  after  making  a  circuit 
through  the  province  of  Mazaltan,  and 
receiving  federal  fmallcr  rivers  and 
ftreams,  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexi- 
co,at  30  miles  diftance  from  Vera-Cruz. 

Amanibo,  a  town  on  the  coaft  of 
Guiana,  between  Paramaribo  and  Cay« 
enne. 

Am'apalla,  a  feaport  town  in  the 
province  of  Guatimala,  in  North-Amer- 
ica, on  a  ^ulf  of  the  fame  name,  220 
miles  S.  £.  of  the  town  of  Guatimala. 
N.  lat.  1%.  30.  W.  long.  86.  40. 

Amariscocoin  jRi-i/tr.  Seeulndro/- 
eoggin. 

AMATKiyEs,  a  feaport  town  at  the 
mouth  of  Guanacos  river,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Amatique  gulf,  or  gulf  of 
Honduras,  in  the  province  of  Vera  Pas, 
Mexico.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
logwood-cutters,  and  on  the  S.  of  the 
gulf  is  a  traA  of  land  called  Amatique 
land.    Lat.  15.  23.  long.  89. 

Amazonia,  a  large  country  in  S. 
America,  1400  miles  in  length,  and  900 
in  breadth  ;  fituated  between  the  equa- 
tor and  20.  S.  lat.  and  bounded  N.  by 
Terra  Firma  and  Guiana  ;  E.  by  Bra- 
zil ;  S.  by  Paraguay,  and  W.  by  Peru  ; 
but  has  never  yet  been  thoroughly  ex- 
plored. The  river  Amazon,  called  alfo 
Maragnon,  the  largeft  ill  the  known 
world,  gives  name  to  this  country.  A 
great  number  of  rivers  which  rufh  down 
with  amazing  impetuoftty  from  the 
eaftern  declivity  of  the  Andes,  unite  in 
a  i'pacious  plain,  and  form  this  immenfe 
river.  In  its  progrefs  it  runs  3  3  00  miles 
from  W.  to  fi.  acrofs  South-America. 
Some  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  it  are 
very  broJtd  and  deep.  The  chief  of 
there,  from  the  S.  and  S.  W.  proceed- 
ing from  the  mouth  weftward,  are  Ara- 
guaya, Paratinaa,  Madeira,  Purus,  Yu- 
lay,  Yulacina,  and  Ucayai  rivers.  From 
the  N.  and  N.  W.  progrcfltng  from  its 
mouth,  are  Parma,  Negro,  Yupura, 
Ifla,  and  Napo,  which  laft  rifes  near 
the  town  of  Archidona,  about  150  miles 
eaftward  of  Quito.  The  Amazon  is 
interfperfed  with  a  great  number  of 
illainds,  which  are  too  often  overflowed 
to  admit  of  culture.  It  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  ocean  under  the  equatoti  and 

is 


land  in  StraiFord! 
hire,  N.  E.  from 

r  in  New  Spain, 
nountaing  of  the 
'  making  a  circuit 
of  Mazaltan,  and 
allcr  rivers  and 
the  Gulf  of  Mexi- 
:  from  Vera-Cruz. 
1  on  the  coaft  of 
imaribo  and  Cay- 

)ort  to\vn  in  the 
I,  in  North-Amer- 
fame  name,  220 
m  of  Guatimala. 
)g.  86.  40. 
wr.  See  Androf' 

port  town  at  the 
iver,  which  emp- 
:  gulf,  or  gulf  of 
incc  of  Vera  Pas, 
tants  are  chiefly 
on  the  S.  of  the 
called  Amatique 
ng.  g9. 

;e  country  in  S. 
I  length,  and  900 
etween  the  equa- 
l  bounded  N.  by 
ana  ;  E.  by  Bra- 
nd W.  by  Peru ; 
1  thoroughly  ex- 
lazon,  called  alfo 
t  iri  the  known 
this  country.    A 
which  rufh  down 
loftty  from    the 
'  Andes,  unite  in 
irm  this  immenfc 
t  runs  3360  miles 
South-America, 
ch  fall  into  it  are 
The  chief  ot 
S.  W.  proceed- 
ftward,  are  Ara- 
eira,  Purus,  Yu- 
jrai  rivers.  From 
grefl&ng  from  its 
^egro,  Yupura, 
\i  laft  rifes  near 
,  about  1 50  miles 
rhe  Amazon  is 
reat  number  of 
jflen  overflowed 
[t  lIUls  into  the 
he  equator,  and 
is 


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ijB  there  150  miles  broad.  It  reteived 
Its  preient  name  from  Francis  d'Orilla- 
ha,  who  faid  he  faw  armed  women  on 
its  banks.  He  was  deputed,  in  15 16, 
to  penetrate  into  the  courfes  of  this  riv- 
tr,  which  he  did  with  an  armed  (hip, 
and  fought  feveral  nations  of  Indians, 
till  he  came  to  that  place  where  he  faw 
the  armed  women,  who,  with  bows 
and  arrows,  oppofed  his  pafTage. 

The  air  is  cooler  in  this  country  than 
could  be  expefted,  confidering  it  is 
fituated  in  the  middle  of  the  torrid 
2one.  iThis  is  partly  owing  to  the 
\  heavy  rains  which  occafion  the  rivers 
I  to  overflow  their  banks  one  half  of  the 
year,  and  partly  to  the  cloudinefs  of 
the  weather,  which  obfcures  the  fun  a 
great  part  of  the  time  it  is  above  the 
horizon.  During  the  rainy  feafon,  the 
country  i&  fubjedt  to  dreadful  ftorms  of 
thunder  and  lightning. 

The  foil  is  extremely  ffertile,  produc- 
ing a  great  variety  of  the  tropical  fruits ; 
likewife  cl  variety  of  timber,  as  cedar, 
red-wood,  pak,  ebony,  log-wood,  and 
many  other  forts  of  dying  wood  ;  to- 
gether with  tobacco,  fugar-canes,  cot- 
ton, potatoes,  balfam,  borey,  &c.  The 
woods  abound  with  tigers,  ^^ild  boars, 
buffaloes,  deer,  and  game  of  various 
kinds.  The  rivers  and  lakes  abound 
with  fifh.  Here  are  alfo  fea  cows  and 
turtles  ;  but  the  alligators  and  water 
ferpcnts  render  filhing  a  dangerous 
employiVient. 

The  natives  df  this  cduntry  are  Of  a 
good  ftature,  have  haudfome  features, 
long  black  hair,  and  are  of  a  copper 
colour.  They  are  faid  to  have  a  tafte 
for  the  imitative  arts,  efpecially  paint- 
ing and  fculpture,  and  turn  out  good 
mechanics.  They  fpin  and  weave  cot- 
ton cloth.  Their  hollies  are  built  with 
wood  and  clay,  ahd  thatched  with 
teedsi  Their  arms  in  general,  are 
darts  and  javelins,  bows  and  arrow;;, 
with  targets  of  cane  or  fiiTi  Ikins.  The 
feveral  nations  are  governed  by  chiefs 
ot  caciques ;  it  being  obfcrvable  that 
[the  monarchical  form  of  government 
[has  prevailed  almoft  univerfally,  both 
tanvoog  ancient  and  modern  nations,  in 
U  rude  ftate  of  focietyi  The  regalia 
.  which  diftinguifh  the  chiefa,a.  c  a  Cro"-n 
lof  parrot's  feathers,  a  chain  of  tiger's 
teeth  or  claws,  which  hang  round  the 
[Waift,  and  a  wooden  fwoni. 

Amber  Bay,  on  the  peninfula  of 


'  AM£ 

Yucatafi,  in  the  bay  of  Hondunu^  Ucf 
N.  of  Afcenfton  bayt  which  fee. 

Ambergrecse  Keyt  an  ifland  I& 
Hanover  bay,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
pehinflila  of  Yucatan,  in  the  bay  ct 
Honduras.  It  runs  along  the  mouth  of 
the  bay,  is  70  miles  long,  but  very  nar> 
row.    See  AJcenfion  bay. 

Amboy.    See  Perth  Ambvf. 

AMBRosEjSr.an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pa« 
cific  ocean,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  4  or 
$  leagues  due  W.  from  St.  Felix  ifland* 
At  firft  view,  it  appears  like  two  linall 
iOands,  but  after  a  nearer  approach,  it 
is  found  they  are  j(fined  by  a  reef.  It 
lies  in  a6. 13.  S.  lat.  and  86.  $5.  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich.  There  is  a 
large  rock  4  miles  to  the  northward  of 
the  ifland,  called,  from  its  appearance* 
Sail  rock.  Capt.  Rdberts,  who  was 
here  in  1792,  found  St.  Felix  ifland  in- 
accefllble.  Oii  St.  Ambrofe  ifland,  his 
crew  killed  and  cured  13,000  feal  fkina 
of  the  beft  (juality,  in  feven  weeks.  The 
ifland  has  little  elie  to  recommend  it. 
Fifli  and  crawfifti  abound.  The  belt 
feafon  for  fealing  is  from  the  ift  of  A- 
pril  to  the  ift  of  Auguft.  The  ifland 
has  the  appeatlance  of  having  had  vol* 
canic  eruptions. 

Amelia,  a  county  in  Virginia,  fitu- 
ated between  the  Blue-ridge  and  the 
tide  waters,  having  Cumberland  coun- 
ty N.  Prince  George  county  E.  and 
Lunenburg  county  S.  and  W.  Ame- 
lia, including  Nottaway,  a  new  county^ 
contains  18,097  inhabitants,  of  whom 
11,037  are  flaves. 

Amelia  IJle,  on  the  coaft  of  E.  Flo- 
rida, lies  atoiit  7  leagues  N.  of  St. 
Auguftine,  and  very  near  TaJbot  ifland 
on  the  S.  at  the  mouth  of  St.  John's 
liver.  It  is  13  miles  long  and  2  broad» 
is  very  fertile,  and  lias  an  excellent  har- 
bour. Its  N.  end  lies  oppofite  Ciim* 
berland  ifland,between  which  am.!  Ame- 
lia Ifle  is  the  entry  into  S\  M  iry's  riv- 
ci-,  in  N.  lat.  30.  5a.  W.  lo!;gi.  67.  23. 

Amelins,  Ecor  a,  is  a  fouth  caftent 
head  branch  of  Waba/h  river,  whofc 
ttiouth  is  9  miles  N.  E.  from  the  mouth 
of  Salamanie  river,  and  45  miles  S.  W. 
from  the  MiajTii  village  and  fort. 

Amoenia,  a  thriving  townfliip  in 
Dutchefs  counrj',  New-York,  6  mileJi 
diftant  from  Sharon,  in  Connefticnt. 
It  contains  3078  inhabitants,  of  whom 
383  are  elecftors. 

AMERIQAf  is  one  of  the  four  quar- 

tarfi 


^^ 


A  M  E 


A  M  E' 


tCTSofthewdrld,  probably  the  largcft 
of  the  whole,  and  is,  from  its  late  dif- 
oover)',  frequently  denominated  the 
New  PTorldy  or  Nenv  Hemifpbere.  This 
vaft  country  extends  from  the  56th  de- 
gree of  S.  lat.  to  the  north  pole,  and 
from  the  55  th  to  the  i6jth  degree  of 
W.  long,  from  Greenwich.  It  is  near- 
ly io,coo  miles  in  length.  Its  average 
breadth  may  be  about  1800  or  aooo 
miles.  It  has  two  fummers,  ahd  a  dou- 
ble winter,  and  enjoys  almoft  all  the 
variety  of  climates  Which  the  earth 
;ifibrds.  It  is  walhed  by  two  great 
oceans.  To  the  eaftward  it  has  the 
Atlantic,  whichdivides  it  from  Europe 
and  Africa.  To  the  W.  it  has  the  Pa- 
cific, or  Great  South'  Sea,  by  which  it 
is  fep^ated  from  Afia.  By  thefe  it 
carries  on-  a  direA  commerce  with  the 
other  three  parts  of  the  world.  Asmer- 
ica  is  divided  into  twagreat  continents, 
called  North  and  South  Annricay  by  an 
ifthmus  about  500  miles  long  ;  and 
which,  at  Darien,,  about  lat.  9.  N.  is 
only  60  miles  over ;  other  writers  i&y 
34  miles.  This  ifthmus,  with  the 
northern  and  fuuthern  continents,  forms 
the  Gulph  of  Mexico,  in  and  near 
which  lie  a  great  number  of  idand*, 
called  the  H^ejl- Indies,  in  contradiftinc- 
tion  to  the  eaftern  parts  of  Alia,  which 
are  called  the  Eajl-Indies. 

In  America  nature  feems  to  have  ear- 
riu«l  on  her  operations  upon  a  larger 
fcale,  and  with  a  bolder  hand,  and  to 
have  diftinguilhed  the  features  of  this 
country  by  a  peculiar  magnificence. 
The  mountains  of  America  are  much 
iuperior  in  height  tothofc  in  the  other 
divifions  ot  i  0  globe.  Evcfl  the  plain 
of  Quito,  which  may  be  confidercd  as 
the  bafe  of  the  Andes,  is  elevated  far- 
ther above  the  level  of  the  fea  than  the 
top  of  the  Pyrenees  in  Europe  ;  and 
Chimborazo,  the  moft  elevated  point 
of  the  Andes,  is  ao,a8o  feet  high,  which 
is  at  kaft  7101  feet  above  the  peak  of 
TenerifFe.  From  the  lofty  and  exten- 
five  mountains  of  America,  defcend 
rivers,  with  which  the  ftreams  of  Eu- 
rope, of  Afia,  or  of  Africa,  are  not  to 
be  coTnpared,eitherfor  length  of  courfe, 
or  for  the  vaft  body  of  water  which 
.  they  convey  to  the  ocean.  The  Da- 
nube, the  Indus,  the  Ganges,  or  the 
Nile,  in  the  eaftem  hcmifphere,  are  not 
of  equal  magnitude  even  with  the  St. 
i^wrcBCe,  the  Miflburi,  or  the  MiiTi- 


fippi,  in  North-America  ;  and  fall  fki' 
Ihoit  of  the  Amazon,  and  the  La  Pla-' 
ta,  in  South-America. 

The  lakes  of  the  New  World  are  no 
lefs  confpicuous  for  grandeur  than  its 
mountains  and  rivers.  There  is  noth- 
ing in  other  parts  of  the  globe  which 
refembles  the  prodigious  chain  of  lakes 
in  North-America,  viz.  Superior,Michi- 
gan,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario.  They 
may  be  properly  termed  inland  feaa  of 
frefti  water.  And  even  thofe  of  the 
fecond  or  third  clafs,  are  of  greater 
circuit,  (the  Cafpian  fea  excepted)  than 
the  greatelt  lake  of  the  ancient  conti- 
nent. 

The  luxuriance  of  the  vegetable  cre- 
ation in  the  New  World  is  extremely 
great.  In  the  fouthem  provinces, 
where  the  moifture  of  the  climate  is 
aid(:d  by  the  warmth  of  the  fun,  the 
woods  are  almoft'  impervious,  and  the 
fuiface  of  the  ground  is  hid  from  the 
eye  under  a  thick  covering  of  ftirube, 
of  herbs^  and  weeds.  In  the  northern 
provinces,  although  tlie  forefts  are  not 
incumbered  with  the  fame  wild  luxuri- 
ance of  vegetation,  the  trees  of  various 
fpecies  are  generally  more  lofty,  and 
often  much  larger,  than  are  to  be  feen 
in  any  other  parts  of  the  world. 

.  This  vaft  country  produces  moft  of 
the  metals,  minerals,  plants,  fruits,  &c» 
to  be  met  with  in  the  other  parts  of 
the  world,  and  many  of  them  in  great- 
er quantities,  and  in  high  perfection. 
The  gold  and  fiker  of  America  have 
fupplied  Europe  with  thoffc  precious 
metals.  The  gold  and  filver  of  Europe 
now  bear  little  proportion  to  the  high 
price  fet  upon  them  before  the  difcove- 
ry  of  America.  It  alfo  produces  dia- 
monds, pearls,  emeralds,  amethyfts, 
and  other  valuable  ftoncs.  To  thefe, 
which  are  chiefly  the  produiftions  of 
South-America,  may  be  added  a  great 
number  of  other  commodities,  which, 
though  of  lefs  price,  are  of  much  great- 
er ufe.  Of  thefe  are  the  plentiful  fup- 
plieuof  cochineal,  indigo,  anatto,  log- 
wood, brazil,  fuftic,  pimenta,  lignum- 
vitae,  rice,  ginger,  cocoa,  or  the  choco- 
late-nut, fugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  banil- 
las,  red-wood,  the  balfams  of  ¥olu, 
Peru,  and  Chili,  that  valuable  article  in 
medicine,  the  Jefuit's  bark,mechoacan, 
faflafras,  farfaparilla,  cafTia,  tamarinds, 
hides,  furs,  ambergri '".:'.  nn<i  ;:  great  va- 
riety of  woods,  roots,  and  plants,  to 

whicij» 


*rf 


f 


a  ;  and  fall  fa![^ 
lid  the  La  Pla-' 

w  World  are  no 
andcur  than  its 
There  is  noth- 
le  globe  which 
IS  chain  of  lakes 
Supcrior,Michi- 
3ritario.  They 
d  inland  feaa  ot' 
n  thofe  of  the 
are  of  greater 
excepted)  than 
:  ancient  couti* 

e  vegetable  cre- 
Id  18  extremely 
lern   provinces^ 

the  climate  is 
of  the  fun,  the 
rvious,  and  the 
hid  from  the 
nng  of  lb  rube, 
In  the  northern 
2  forefts  are  not 
ime  wild  luxuri- 

trees  of  various 
nore  lofty,  and 
n  are  to  be  feen 
le  world, 
roduces  moft  of 
lants,  fruits,  &c« 
:  other  parts  of 
)f  them  in  great- 
high  perfedtion. 
f  America  have 
1  thofe  precious 
[  filver  of  Europe 
tion  to  the  high 
;fore  the  difcove- 
b  produces  dia- 
ilds,  amethyfts; 
)ncs..    To  thefe, 

produdlions  of 
3e  added  a  great 
modifies,  which, 
•e  of  much  great- 
he  plentiful  fup- 
go,  anatto,  log- 
imenta,  lignum- 
)a,  or  the  choco- 
,  tobacco,  banil- 
ilfams  of  Volu, 
aluable  article  in 
)ark,mechoacan, 
;ania,  tamarindSy 
••  ind  ::  great  va- 
,  and  plants,  te 
whic^ 


1 


A  ME 

-which,  before  the  difcovery  of  America, 
the  Europeans  were  either  entire  ftran- 
gersjor  which  they  were  forced  to  buy 
at  an  extravagant  rate  from  Afia  and 
Africa,  through  the  hands  of  the  Ve- 
netians and  Genoefe,  who  .then  en- 
groffed  the  trade  of  the  eaftern  world. 
On  this  continent  there  grows  alfo  a 
variety  of  excellent  native  fruits^  as 
pine-apples,  citrons,  lemons,  oranges, 
pomegranates,  fijj;s,  grapes,  a  great  va- 
jiety  of  culinary,  medicinal,  and  other 
herbs,  roots  and  plants,  with  many  ex- 
otic produftions,  which  are  brought 

;  to  as  great  perfedion  as  in  their  native 

^  foil. 

Notwithftanding  the  many  fcttle- 
ments  of  the  Europeans  on  this  conti- 
nent, great  part  of  America  remains 
ftill  unknown.  The  northern  conti- 
nent contains  the  four  Britifh  provinces, 
vi/.  I.  Upper  Canada  ;  2.  Loiuer  Can- 
dida, to  which  are  annexed  Netu-Brit- 
aiit,  and  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton  ; 
.•?.  New-Brunfivick ;  \.  Nova-Scotia, 
to  which  is  annexed  St.  John^s  ijland. 
Befidcs  thefe  are  the  ifland  of  Ne'w- 
foundlandy  and  the  ftxteen  Unitep 
States.  It  contains  alfo  the  Spanifti 
territories  of  Eajl  and  Weft  Florida^ 
l.ouifiana,  Ne<u/  Mex'uoy  California, and 
Mexico.  Befide  thefe,  there  are  im- 
menfe  unexplored  regions  to  the  W. 
and  N.  W.  In  the  fouthem  continent, 
lie  the  Spanilh  provinces  of  Terra 
Firma,  Guiana,  Peru,  Paraguay,  and 
Chili  }  together  with  that  of  Brazil, 
belonging  to  the  Portuguefe,  and  the 
country  of  Surinam,  belongiiig  to  the 
Dutch.  Vaft  tra<5ls,  however,  in  the 
inland  parts,  are  unknown,  being  com- 
prehended under  the  general  name  of 
Amazonia,  formerly  called  Maragnon. 
A  large  diftriA  alio  lies  between  the 
ftraits  of  Magellan  and  the  province  of 
Paraguay,  called  Patagonia,  little 
known. 

America,  fo  far  as  known,  is  chiefly 
claimed  and  divided  into  colonies,  by 
three  European  nations,  the  Spaniards, 
Britilh,  and  Portuguefe,  The  Span- 
iards, as  they  fii*ft  difcovered  it,  have 
the  largeft  and  richeft  portion,  extend- 
ir.^r  from  Louifiana  and  New  Mexico, 
in' North-America,  to  the  ftraiJts  of 
Magellan,  in  the  South  Sea,  excepting 
the  large  province  of  Brazil,  Ay'ii*^^ 
belongs  to  Portugal  ;  for,  though  the 
French  and  Dutch  have  fome  forts  upon 


A  M  E 

Surinam  and  Guiana,  they  fcarcely  de- 
ferve  to  be  confide  red  as  proprietors  of 
any  part  of  the  fouthern  continent.      * 

Next  to  Spain  the  moft  Coniiderable 
proprietor  of  America  was  Great-Brit- 
ain, who  derived  her  claim  to  North- 
America  from  the  fii-ft  difcovery  of  that 
continent,  by  Sebaftian  Cabot,  in  the 
name  of  Henry  VII.  of  England,  in  th« 
year  1497,  about  6  years  irfter  the  dif- 
covery of  South-America  by  Columbus, 
in  the  name  of  the  king  of  Spain.  The 
country  was  in  general  called  NetW' 
foundlartd,  a  name  which  is  now  ap- 
propriated folely  to  an  ifl.ind  on  its 
coaft.  It  was  a  long  time  before  the 
Englifli  made  any  attempt  to  fettle  in 
this  country.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  an 
uncommon  genius,  and  a  brave  com- 
mander, firft  fliewed  the  way,  by  plant- 
ing a  colony  in  the  fouthtrn  part,  which 
he  called  Virginia,  in  honour- of  quee« 
Elizabeth,  who  was  unmarried. 

The  French,  indeed,  from  this  period 
until  the  conclufion  of  the  war  of  1756, 
laid  a  claim  to,  and  actually  poflefled, 
Canada  and  Louifiana  ;  but,  in  that 
war,  they  were  not  only  driven  from 
Canada,  and  it«  dependencies,  but 
obliged  to  relinquifh  all  that  part  of 
Louifiana  lying  on  the  E.  fide  of  the 
Miflifippi ;  and  the  Britilh  colonies, 
at  the  peace  of  1763,  extended  fo  fal" 
as  to  render  it  difficult  to  afcertain  the 
precile  bounds  of  the  empire  of  Great- 
Britain  in  North-America.  To  the 
northward,  Britain  might  have  extend- 
ed her  claims  quite  to  the  pole.  From 
that  extremity,  (he  had  a  territory  ex- 
tending fouthward  to  Cape  Florida, 
in  the  Gulph  of  Mexico,  in  N.  lat.  2.?. 
and,  confequently,  near  4000  miles  in 
a  direft'  line.  And  to  the  weftward, 
the  boundaries  were  unknown  ;  but 
having  entered  into  impolitic  difputes 
with  her  colonies,  Ihe  brought  on  a 
war,  of  which  ftie  felt  the  minous 
eifeits,  by  the  difmemberment  of  her 
empire  in  North-America  :  and  Britiih 
America,  at  the  peace  in  1783,  was 
circumfcribed  within  the  narrow  limits 
already  mentioned. 

America  was  very  probably  peopled 
early  after  the  flood.  Who  were  the 
firft  people  of  America  ?  And  whence 
did  they  come  ?  are  queftions  concern- 
ing which  much  has  been  faid  and 
written.  Dr.  Robertfon  and  the  Abbe 
CUvigero  have  atten^pted  a  folotion  of 

themi 


I     * 


!  ( 


'.'S 


A  MH 

them.  A  fummary  of  their  opinions 
may  be  found  in  the  American  Univer- 
/al  Geography f  p.  78.  85. 

It  has  been  common,  in  eftimating 
the  population  of  the  whole  world,  to 
allow  150  millions  to  America.  But 
this  is  probably  three  times  their  real 
|iumber.  For  if  we  fuppofe  every  part 
of  the  whole  continent  of  America  to 
be  as  populous  as  the  United  States, 
(which  is  not  the  cafe)  the  whole  num- 
ber will  be  but  about  60  millions.  The 
cxadt  nuniber  is  probably  confiderably 
Jefs.  The  prefent  Americans  may  be 
divided  into  two  general  claflTes,  Firft, 
the  proper  Americans,  commonly  cal- 
led Indians,  fometimes  Aborigines,  or 
thofe  who  are  defcended  from  the  tirft 
inhabitants  of  the  new  world,  and  who 
have  not  mixed  their  blood  with  the 
inhabitants  of  the  old  continent.  Se- 
condly, thofe  who  have  migrated,  or 
have  been  tranfported  to  America,  fince 
its  difcqvery  by  Columbus,  and  their 
defcendants.  The  former  may  be  fub- 
divided  into  three  clafles.  Firft,  the 
South-American  Indians,  who  proba- 
bly came  over  from  the  northern  and 
weftem  parts  of  Africa,  and  the  fouth- 
«rn  parts  of  Afia  and  Europe.  Se- 
condly, the  Mexicans,  and  all  the  In- 
dians fouth  of  the  lakes  and  weft  of  the 
JVJiififippi.  Thirdly,  the  inhabitants  of 
Sfquimeaux,  Labrador,  and  tlie  coun- 
tries around  them.  The  latter  may 
alfo  be  diftinguiiherl  into  three  clafles. 
Firft,  Europeans  of  many  different  na- 
tions, who  have  migrated  to  America, 
and  their  defpendants,  of  unmixed 
blood.  In  this  clafs  we  include  the 
Spaniard8,Engli(h,Scotch,Irifh,French, 
Portuguefe,  Germans,  Dutch,  Swedes, 
&c.  both  in  North  and  South-America. 
Secondly,  Africans,  who  have  been 
tranfported  to  America  and  its  iflands, 
and  their  defcendants.  Thirdly,  the 
mixed  breeds  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
Cajlas,  by  the  Englifh  Mulattoes,  that 
is,  thofe  who  are  defcended  from  an 
European  and  an  American,  or  from 
an  European  and  African,  or  from  an 
African  and  American, 
,,■    Amesburv.     ^nt  Almjbury. 

Amewell,  is  the  moft  populous 
town  in  Hunterdon  county,  New-Jer- 
fey.  It  contains  ^aoi  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding a8.3  flaves. 

Amherst,  a  towafhip  in  Cumber- 
land county)  Nova-Scotia,  fituated  on. 


A  M  O 

Chigneflio  Bafon,  on  the  S.  fide  of  La 
Planch  River,  and  on  the  rivers  Napa^ 
and  Macon.  The  navigation  of  the 
two  laft  is  difficult  on  account  of  (hoals. 
The  town  was  fettled  by  North  Irifh, 
Yorklhire  and  MTew-England  people. 

Amher3T»  the  fhire-town' of  Hillf- 
borough  county,  New-Hampftiire,  is  a 
town  of  fome  note,  formerly  Souhegan 
ffe/ff  and  was  originally  granted  from 
Majfarhufetts.  It  has  2369  inhabitants,, 
and  was  incoiporated  in  176a.  The 
Aurean  Academy  was  founded  here  in 
J 790.  A  few  years  ago,  the  town- 
rtiip  being  much  infefted  with  wolveS| 
the  people,  on  a  day  appointed,  fur- 
rounded  a  large  fwamp  which  they  fre- 
quented, and  kept  up  an  inceflant  fir* 
ing  of  guns  and  beating  of  drums  the 
whole  day  ;  which  mufic  forced  the 
wolves  to  decamp  the  following  nighty 
with  difmal  bowlings  ;  and  they  havf 
never  done  any  mifchief  in  the  town 
fince.  Amhcrft  lies  on  a  northern 
branch  of  Souhegan  River,  which  falls 
into  Merrimack  River,  and  is  60  miles 
W.  of  Portfmouth,  and  53  N.  W.  of 
Bofton.   N.lat.4».  54.  W. long.  71.33. 

Amherst,  a  townfliip  in  Hamplhirc 
county,  Maflachufetts,  containing  1233 
inhabitants  ;  91  miles  wefterly  from 
Bofton,  and  about  eight  north-eafterly 
from  Northampton, 

Amherst  County^  in  Virginia,  lie» 
between  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide 
waters,  and  contains  13,703  inhabi- 
tants, including  5x96  flaves.  It  lies  on 
the  north  of  James  River. 

Amicu,  a  lake  in  the  province  of 
Cumana,  South-America,  whofe  wa- 
ters run  fouthwardly  through  Parima 
River  into  the  Amazon. 

Amilpas,  two  voiconoes  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Guatimala,  in  N.  Spain,  near 
the  mountains  of  Soconufco. 

Amonoosuck,  an  Indian  name  giv- 
en to  two  rivers  in  New-Hamplhire  : 
the  one  is  called  Upper  4monooruck, 
pafling  through  a  traft  of  excellent 
meadow.  It  rifes  near  the  north  end 
of  the  White  Hiils,  runs  northerly  a- 
bout  15  miles,  wh«ire  is  a  carrying 
place  of  about  three  miles  to  Amarif- 
coggin  River.  From  thence  the  river 
runs  S.  W.  and  W  nearly  18  miles, 
and  empties  into  the  Connecticut  at 
Northumberland,  near  the  Upper  Coos. 

The  other  is  called  Gri-at  or  Loav.cr 
Amonooluck,  which  rifcs  on  the  weft 

fide 


,'!> 

M 


> 


AMU 


AND 


tie  S.  iide  of  Ltt 
he  rivers  Napaii 
vigation  of  the 
rcountoflhoals. 
by  North  Irifh» 
gland  people. 
>town  of  Hillf- 
Hampihire,  is  a 
■merly  Souhegan 
ly  granted  from 
369  inhabitants^, 
in  176a.  The 
founded  here  in 
ago,  ^e  town- 
id  with  wolvesi 
appointed,  fur- 
which  they  fre- 
an  incedant  fir- 
j  of  drums  the 
ufic  forced  the 
following  nighty 
and  they  havf 
ef  in  the  town 
on  a  northern 
ver,  which  falli 
and  is  60  miles 
d  sz  N.  W.  of 
W. long.  71.33. 
ip  in  Hampihirc 
containing  1233 
welterly  from 
t  north-eafterly 

1  Virginia,  lies 
;e  and  the  tide 
13,703  inhabi- 
ives.  It  lies  on 
;r. 

he  province  of 
:a,  whofe  wa- 
hrough  Parima 

loes  in  the  pro- 

N.  Spain,  nea|- 

ufco. 

dian  name  giv- 

;w-Hamp(hire  : 

^  of  excellent 
the  north  end 
ms  northerly  a- 
is  a  carrying 
les  to  Amarit 
lence  the  river 
arly  18  miles, 
Connfflicut  at 
he  Upper  Coos. 
rn',7?  or  Loivxr 
'cs  on  the  weft 
fide 


!&dc  of  the  White  Mountains.  It  falls 
into  the  Connedticut  juft  above  the 
town  of  Haverhill,  in  Lower  Coos,  by 
a  mouth  100  yards  wide  About  two 
miles  from  its  mouth  it  receives  Wild 
Amonoofuck,  40  yards  wide,  from  Fran- 
conia  and  Lincoln  Mountains.  Two 
or  three  hours  rain  raifes  the  water  in 
this  iaft  mentioned  river  ftveral  feet, 
and  occafions  a  current  fo  furious  as 
to  put  in  motion  ftones  of  a  foot  in  di- 
ameter, but  its  violence  foon  fubfides. 

Amotape,  a  towrn  near  Tambez, 
Jying  near  the  fhore  of  the  South  Sea, 
in  the  empire  of  Peru.  Being  near  a 
river  of  fine  water,  the  adjacent  coun- 
try is  highly  improved.  Lat.  4.  ij.  43.S. 

Ampalla,  by  fome  authors  called 
Ampaliat  a  city  and  feaport  in  Guati- 
mala  Gulf,  in  tfiat  of  Mexico,  350 
miles  S.  £.  of  the  city  of  Guatimala, 
and  carries  on  a  brilk  trade  in  cochi- 
neal, cocoa,  hides,  indigo,  &c. 

Ampares,  a  iurifdiflion  under  the 
archbiihop  of  Plata,  eaftwa'-d  of  that 
city,  in  the  empire  of  Peru.  It  abounds 
in  grain  and  cattle. 

Amsterdam,  New,  was  the  name 
originally  given  by  the  Dutch  to  the 
city  pf  New-York.  Alfo,  an  Ifland 
in  the  South-Sea,  S.  S.  W.  of  the 
Friendly  Iflands,  and  not  far  diftant 
ftora  them. 

Amsterdam,  a  new  townlhip  in 
Monteorpery  c.6urity,  New-York.  It 
contains  23  j  inhabitants,  who  are  elec- 
"tors. 

Amuskejvg  Falls,  in  New-Hamp- 
Ihire,  are  on  Merrimack  River,  fixteen 
miles  below  Concord,  and  feven  below 
Hookfet  Falls.  It  confifts  of  three 
pitches,  one  below  the  other,  fo  that 
the  water  falls  about  80  feet  in  the 
"courfe  of  half  a  mile.  The  fecond 
pitch,  which  may  be  feen  from  the  road, 
on  the  W.  fide,  is  truly  majcftic.  In 
the  middle  of  the  upper  part  of  the  fall 
13  a  high  rocky  ifland,  on  the  top  of 
which  are  a  numlier  of  pits,  made  ex- 
actly round,  like  barrels  or  hogflieads, 
fome  of  which  are  capable  of  holding 
fever^l  tons  ;  formed  by  the  circular 
motion  of  fmall  ftones,  impelled  by  the 
force  of  the  dcfcending  water.  There 
is  a  bndge  acrofs  the  falls  556  feet  in 
length,  and  20  in  breadth,  conlifting  of 
2000  tons  of  timber,  and  made  paflable 
for  travellers  57  days  after  it  was  be- 
pun.    N.  lat.  4a.  59. 


Anahuac,  the  ancient  Indian  name 
of  New-Spain,  or  Mexico. 

Anastatia,  St.  ;i  fmall  ifland  clofe 
to  the  coaft  of  Eaft-Florida,  fituated  S, 
of  Maftances  Inlet,  where  the  river 
Maftances  forms  two  iflands  of  the 
fame  name  at  its  mouth.  St.  Anaftatia 
ifland  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  St.  Au- 
guftint's  bar.  Here  is  a  quany  of  fine 
ftone  for  building. 

Anclote  Point,  on  the  peninfulaof 
California,  and  coaft  of  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  lies  in  the  30th  deg.  of  N. 
lat.  and  11 6th  of  W.  long,  foutherly 
from  the  towTi  of  Velicata,  and  N.  E. 
from  the  fmall  ifland  of  Gaudaloupe. 

Ancocus  Creek,  in  New-Jerfey,  a 
water  of  the  Delaware^  6  miles  S.  W. 
from  Burlington.  It  is  navigable  i6 
miles  ;  and  confiderable  quantities  of 
lumber  are  exported  from  it. 

An  CO,  a  fmall  town  of  South-Amer- 
ica, 3  leagues  from  the  city  of  Gua- 
manga. 

Andaguaylas,  a  jurifdiftion  in 
South-America,  in  the  empire  of  Peru, 
fubjcft  to  the  archbiihop  of  Lima  ;  ly- 
ing E.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Guamanga. 
It  abounds  in  fugar  plantations,  grain 
of  moft  forts,  and  fruits. 

AndaJvUsia,  New,  a  province  of 
Terra  Firma,  on  the  coaft  of  the  At- 
lantic, oppofite  the  Leeward  Iflands. 

Anqastes,  an  Indian  nation  in  Can- 
ada. 

Andes.  The  principal  mountains 
on  this  weftern  continent  are  the  Cor- 
dillera de  los  Andes,  or  Great  Chain 
of  Andes,  in  South-Americ.>  They 
ftretch  along  the  Pacific  Ocean  from 
the  ftr^its  of  Magellan  to  the  ifthmus 
of  Daiien  or  Panama,  upwards  of  4000 
miles;  thence  they  run  through  the 
extenfive  kingdom  of  New-Spain,  till 
they  lofe  themlelves  in  the  unexplored 
countries  of  the  nortli.  In  New-Spain, 
the  moft  confiderable  pait  of  this  chain 
is  called  Sierra  Madre,  particularly  in 
Cinaloa  and  Tarahumery,  provinces 
I  zoo  miles  diftant  from  the  capital. 
Further  N.  they  have  been  called,  from 
their  bright  appearance,  the  Shining 
MoufitaiKs.  The  height  of  Chimbora- 
zo,  the  moft  elevated  point  of  this  vaft 
chain,  is  30,280  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  fea  ;  vvhich  is  7102  feet  higher  than 
any  other  mountain  in  the  known 
world.  The  Andes  commonly  form 
two  ridges  as  they  run,  the  one  higher 

and 


fW 


Wi 


li 


i 


AND 

and  barren,  and  covered  with  fnow,  al- 
though in  the  torrid  zone  ;  the  other 
fruitml  in  woods,  groves,  &c.  The 
latter  abounds  with  wild  hogs  ;  and 
ftieep  called  guanacos,  refembling  a 
camel  in  fhape,  but  of  a  fmaller  fize, 
whofe  hair  for  foftnefs,  finenefs,  and 
colour,  is  preferred  to  filk.  The  Andes 
have  1 6  volcanoes,  which  break  put  in 
various  places,  and  by  melting  the 
fnow,  occafion  fuch  torrents  of  water, 
that  numbers  of  men  and  cattle  have 
periihed.  They  are  only  paflable  in 
fummer,  and  require  3  or  4  .days  to 
reach  the  top  of  any  one  of  the  higheft, 

Andover,  a  large,  fertile  and  thriv- 
ing town  in  Effex  county,  Maflachu- 
fetts.  It  contains  2863  inhabitants,  in 
two  parifhes.  In  the  South  parilh  are 
a  paper  mill  and  powder  mill,  from  the 
latter  of  which  the  army  received  large 
fupplies  of  gun-powder  in  the  late  war. 
There  is  an  excellent  academy  in  this 
town,  called  "  Phillips  Academy," 
which  owes  its  exiftence  to  the  liberal 
bene^dtions  of  the  family  whofe  name 
it  bcarsf  Andover  is  under  excellent 
cultivation,  particula^-ly  that  part  which 
is  watered  by  Shawineen  River.  It 
lies  about  ao  miles  W.  fr-om  Newbury- 
port,  and  about  2z  N.  from  Bofton. 

Andover,  in  Hillfborough,  New- 
HampHiire,  contains  645  inhabitants, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1779. 

Andove*,  is  the  fouth-weftemmoft 
^ownfhip  in  Windfor  county,  Vermont, 
has  Chefter  on  the  £.  lies  33  miles  N. 
£.  of  Bennington,  and  contains  275 
inhabitants. 

Andover,  a  place  in  SufTex  county, 
New-jerfey,  near  the  fource  of  Pequeft 
River,  5  miles  S.  E.  from  New-Town, 
and  16  in  th^  fanie  diredtion  from  Wal- 
pack. 

■  And&£,  St.  a  town  in  the  kingdom 
of  Leon,  in  North-America,  near  the 
pioiith  of  Naflas  River,  which  falls  ir)to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Andreanoffski  I/Jesy  a  crefcentof 
ifles  between  Afia  and  America,  difcov- 
(fred  in  1760.  See  Behring's  Straits, 
^nd  Northern  Archipelago. 

Andres,  St.  or  Andreas,  an  ifland 

Sn  the  Mufquito  fliore,  off  the  Pearl 
[eys.    N.  lat.  12.  30.  W.  long.  82.  30. 
Andrew's,  St.  a  fmall  town  in  the 
eontefted  country  between  New-Brunf- 
wick  and  the  United  States  ;   iituated 
•in  the  rear  of  an  ifland  of  the  lame 


A  N  <S 

name,  on  the  E.  Gde  of  the  arm'  of  the 
inner  bay  of  PaiTamaquoddy,  called 
Scoodick.  The  town  Js  regularly  laiiji 
out  in  the  form  of  an  oblong  fquare. 
The  few  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employ- 
ed in  the  lumber  trade.  The  commoo 
tides  rife  here  about  18  feet. 

Andrew's,  St.  a  townfliip  in  Cal- 
edonia county,  Vermont,  100  mile* 
N.  £.  from  Bennington. 

Andrew's,  St.  a  parife  in  Charlef- 
ton  diftridt,  South-Carolina,  containing 
2947  inhabitants,  of  whojn  370  arc 
whites  and  2546  flaves. 

AfiDREw's  Sound,  St.  lies  8.  of 
Jekyl's  Ifland,  and  is  formed  by  it  and 
a  fmall  idand  at  the  mouth  of  Great 
Satilla  River.  The  fmall  riv^r  oppoflte 
this  found  feparates  Camden  from 
Glynn  county,  in  Georgia. 

Andros,  iflands  on  the  S.  W.  of 
Providence,  in  the  Bahan>a  iflands,  cal- 
led by  the  Spaniajrds,  Ylles  del  Efpiritu 
Santo.  They  take  up  a  fpaee  of  30 
leagues  long  and  4  or  5  broad,  interr 
fedted  by  a  number  of  very  narrp\y  paf- 
fages. 

Androscoggin,  qt  Amarifcoggm 
River,  in  the  diftrift  of  Maine,  may  bo 
called  the  main  weftem  branch  of  the 
Kennebeck.  Its  fources  are  N.  of  Lake 
Umbagog.  Its  courfe  is  foutherly  til) 
it  approaches  near  to  the  White  Moun-r 
tains,  from  which  it  receives  Moofe  and 
Peabody  rivers.  It  then  turns  to  the 
£.  and  then  to  the  S.  £.  in  which 
courfe  it  pafles  within  two  miles  of  the 
fea-coafl;,  and  then  turning  N.  rano 
over  Pejepfltaeg  falls  into  Merry-Meetr 
ing-Bay,  where  it  forms  a  junction  with 
the  Kennebeck,  ao  miles  from  the  fea, 
Formerly,  from  this  bay  to  the  fea,  the 
confluent  ftream  was  called  Sagada- 
hock.  The  lands  on  this  river  are  very 
good. 

An  EG  ADA,  one  of  the  Virgin  Ifles 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  and  dependent  on 
Virgin  Gorda.  It  is  about  6  leagues 
loBg,  is  low,  and  almoft  covered  by 
water  at  high  tides.  On  the  S.  (ide  ib 
Treafure  Point.  Lat.  18.  J5.  N.  long. 
63  W. 

Angaraez,  a  province  in  South- 
America,  in  the  empire  of  Peru,  fub- 
jedt  to  the  archbiihop  of  Lima,  ao 
leagues  N.  W.  by  W.  of  the  city  of 
Guamanga.  It  abounds  in  all  kinds  of 
grain  and  fruits,  befldes  vaft  droves  of 
cattle  for  labour  and  foftenance. 

ANGELO; 


Akgelo,  port  of,  is  an  harbour  on 
flie  South  Sea  coalt,  in  the  middle  be- 
tween St.  Pedro  and  Capolita  ;  a 
broad  open  bay,  witli  good  anchorage, 
but  bad  landing  ;  and  the  Spaniards 
reckon  it  as  good  a  harbour  as  Guitulis. 

Angelos,  or  Tlafcala^  a  province 
of  Mexico,  extending  both  to  the  North 
and  South  Seas,  having  that  part  of  the 
former  which  is  called  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  on  the  E.  the  province  of  Gu- 
axaca  on  the  S.  E.  the  Pacific  Ocean 
on  the  S.  the  province  of  Mexico  Proper 
on  the  W.  and  that  of  Penuco  on  the 
N.  from  which  it  is  divided  by  Tufpa 
river  or  Cavones.  From  one  fea  to  tl<e 
other  it  is  one  hundred  leagues,  about 
80  along  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  ao 
upon  the  South  Sea  coaft.  Its  foil,  cli- 
mate, and  produce,  are  much  the  fame 
with  Mexico  Proper.  On  the  W.  fide 
i«  a  chain  of  mountains  of  18  leagues, 
'irell  cultivated  ;  and  another  great 
^idge  of  mountains  on  the  N.  W.  the 
Neighbourhood  of  which  fubje£ts  it  to 
ihocking  tempeft^,  horrid  hurricanes, 
and  frequent  mundations  ;  yet  this  is 
allowed  to  be  the  moft  populous  coun- 
try of  New-Spain,  which  is  partly  af- 
cribed  to  its  having  been  an  ally  to 
Cortez,  in  the  conqueft  of  Mexico,  who 
<^tained  a  grant  of  the  emperor  Charles 
V.  then  alfo  king  of  Spain,  by  which  it 
is  to  this  day  exempt  from  all  fervice  or 
<iuty  whatfoever  to  that  crown  ;  and 
only  pays  the  king  of  Spain  an  handful 
of  maize  per  head,  as  an  acknowledge- 
ment, which  inconfidcrable  parcels,  a^- 
moft  60  years  ago,  amounted  to  near 
13,000  bufliels ;  for  it  produces  fo  much 
of  that  Indian  com,  that  from  thence  it 
had  the  name  of  Tlafcala,  i.  e.  the  land 
of  bread,  which  name  it  givei  to  its 
principal  town.  By  this  means  the 
towns  and  villages  fwarm  with  Indians. 
Its  principal  towns  are  Acafuchithau, 
Achiachica,  Tufpa,  Zacatlan,Cazere8, 
Naftla,  or  Almira,  Torre  Blanca,  Punta 
Delganda,  Samputa,  Xalappa,  Puebla, 
Tepeafa,  Cordova,  Punta  Brava,  New 
Vera  Cruz,  &c.  They  fpeak  the  Span- 
ifli  tongue,  and  fcarcely  any  other  ; 
are  perfectly  reconciled  to  the  Spanifli 
cuftoms,  and  grateful  for  the  counte- 
aance  and  deference  fiiewed  to  them 
above  their  fellow-provinces.  It  was 
anciently  governed  by  kings,  till  civil 
wars  anfing  in  it,  the  people  formed 
themfelves  into  an  arjftocracy  of  many 


ANN 

princes,  to  get  rid  of  one.  Thejr  divid- 
ed the  towns  into  different  diftridls^' 
each  of  which  named  one  of  their  chiefs 
to  refide  in  the  court  of  Tlafcala,  where 
they  formed  a  fertate,  whofe  refolutions 
weie  a  law  to  the  whole.  Und^r  this 
form  of  government,  they  maintained 
themfelves  againft  the  ru'ers  of  Mexi- 
co ;  and  continued  their  ariflocracy 
till  their  reception  of  the  Spaniards  un- 
der Cortez,  whom  they  aflilted  with 
their  numerous  force;,  xcA  accofflplifh- 
ed  the  ruin  of  that  errtpire  in  ijai. 
See  Mcxlc'i}. 

ANGOL,a  town  in  tlie  province  of 
Chili,  Soulh-Ainerica,  125  miles  N.  of 
Baldivia.   S.lat.  37.36.  W.long.  72. 5^. 

Angra  De  Los  Reyes,  a  town  m 
the  captainfliip  of  Rio  de  Jamffiro,  in' 
Brazil,  South- America,-  fubjedt  to  the 
Portugtiefe,  about  36  nailes  from  Ric 
de  Janeiro.  It  is  fitukted  upon  the 
coaft  on  a  fmall  bay,  from  whence  it  haa 
its  name ;  being  in  Englifh  King's  Bay. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  ihonaftery',  and  a 
fmall  guard-houfe  of  about  20  fbldiers. 
Its  chief  produce  is  fifh.  Lat.  32.  a8. 
S.  long.  41. 10.  W. 

An GUiLLA,  or  Snaie  IJlandy  fo  cal- 
led firom  its  windings  and  irregular 
form,  being  10  leagues  in  length,  and 
3  in  breadth  ;  25  leagues  N.  W.  of  Bar- 
buda, and  15  from  St.  Chriflophers. 
It  is  the  moft  northerly  of  all  the  Ca- 
ribbee  iflands  polTeffed  by  the  Britifh. 
It  was  fettled  in  1 650.  The  inhabitants 
fubfift  moftly  by  farming,  planting  In- 
dian corn,  and  other  kinds  of  hufbandry. 
The  climate  is  very  healthy,  and  the 
inhabitants  ftrong  and  vigorous.  The 
exports  in  1770,  amounted,  in  fugar, 
rum,  and  cotton,  to  near  6000I.  Long. 
62.  10.  W.  lat.  x8.  4.  N. 

Anguilla,  a  bank  and  ifland  E.  of 
the  Great  Bahama  Baak,  and  N.  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.  78. 10.  to  79I. 
lat.  23|.  to  24.  10.  N. 

Anguille,  Cape,  a  point  of  land 
in  Newfoundland  ifland,  on  'iJie  W. 
fide,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6 
leagues  N.  from  Cape-Ray,  the  S.  W. 
extremity  of  the  ifland,  in  lat.  47.57.  N. 

Anguille,  a  bay  on  the  N.  N.  E. 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  oppofite  Mag- 
dalen Ifles  ;  and  having  St.  Peter's  har- 
bour on  the  S.  E.  and  Port  Chimene  on 
the  N.  W. 

Annapolis  Kiver^  in  Nova-Scotia, 

it 


^m 


W 


m 


Ann 

Is  oi  finall  fize.  It  rifes  in  tlie  K.  near 
the  head  waters  of  the  fin  all  rivers 
which  ftll  into  the  bafon  of  Minas. 
Annapolis  river  pafles  into  the  bay  of 
Fundy  through  the  bafon  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  S.  lide  of  which^  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  (lands  the  town  and 
fort  of  Annapolis  Royal.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  fhips  of  any  burden  lo  miles, 
for  thofe  of  loo  tons,  15  miles  ;  and  is 
paflable  for  boats  within  20  miles  of 
Horton.  The  tide  flows  up  .^o  miles. 
Annapolis,  a  county  on  the  above 
rivpr,  adjoining  to  King  s  county,  hav- 
ing 5  townfhips,  viz.  VVilmot,  Gran- 
ville, Annapolis,  the  chief  towns,  Clare, 
and  Monckton.  It  is  chiefly  inhabited 
by  Acadians,  Irifli,  and  New-England- 
crs. 

Annapolis  Royal,  called  Port 
Royal,  by  the  French,  when  M.  de 
Fonts  fettled  a  colony  here  in  16c.?. 
This  town,  the  chief  to\vn  in  the  coun- 
ty of  this  name,  (lands  on  the  S.  fide  of 
the  river  and  bay  of  Annapolis.  Na- 
ture has  fcarcely  omitted  one  thing  to 
render  this  the  fineft  harbour  in  the 
world,  it  is  two  leagues  in  length,  and 
one  in  breadth,  having  a  fmaU  ifland, 
called  Goat  Ifland,  almoft  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  bafon,  which  is  faid  to  be 
large  enough  to  contain  (everal  hundred 
ihips.  Its  depth  of  water  is  no  where 
lefs  than  4  or  5  fathoms  ;  it  being  6  or 
7  on  one  fide  of  the  ifland,  and  on  the 
other  16  or  18.  The  bottom  is  every 
lurhere  very  good,  and  (hips  may  be  Te- 
nure in  it  frorfi  all  winds.  The  entrance 
of  the  harbour  is  difficult,  fays  Charle- 
voix, bcfides  the  inconvenience  of  great 
fogs  ;  fo  that  only  one  (liip  can  pafs  in 
or  out  at  1  time,  and  that  with  the 

freateft  precaution,  the  fliip  being  o- 
liged  to  go  ftern  foremoft  by  reafort  of 
the  ftrong  currents  and  tides  here.  The 
town  is  not  large,  but  has  fome  very 
handfome  buildings.  It  is  fortified  ; 
ror  can  it  be  eafily  attacked,  but  by  a 
1  jmbardment.  The  fort  is  capable  of 
containing  about  100  men  in  its  prefent 
ftate.  N.  lat.  45.  10.  W.  long.  64.  5. 
Annapolis,  is  the  chief  town  of 
Ann  Arundel  county,  and  the  capitail 
of  the  ftate  of  Maryland.  It  ftands  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  30  miles  S.  of 
Baltimore  ;  3  a  E.  by  N.  from  the  Fed- 
eral city  ;  74  S.  W.  from  Wilmington, 
in  Delaware  ftate,  and  13  a  S.  W.  from 
Philadelphia.    It  was  formerly  called 


ANN 

Severn,  and  in  i694>  it  was  made  a  pf«i 
town.  It  is  fituated  on  a  peninfuU 
formed  by  the  river  and  two  fmall 
creeks ;  and  affords  a  beautiful  profpeA 
of  Chefapeak  Bajr  and  the  E.  (hore  be- 
yond it.  This  ci£y  is  of  Tittle  note  in 
the  commercial  world  j  but  is  the 
vvealthieft  town  of  its  fize  In  the  United 
States.  The  houfcs,  about  300  in  num- 
ber, are  fpacious  and  eltgant,  indicative 
,  of  great  wealth.  Tl.ic  (late-houfe  is  the 
I  noblefl:  building  of  the  kind  in  the 
I  iiniftn.  It  ftands  in  the  centre  of  the 
city,  from  whicJi  point  the  Itreets  di- 
verge in  every  direftion,  lilce  radii.  N. 
lat.  38.  56.  is>  lohg.  75.  8.  W. 

Ann  atom,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides' 
Clufter  of  ifland.s. 

Ann  ArundCl  Ciiunty,\n  Mar^'land, 
lies  between  Patapfco  and  Patuxtnt 
Rivers,  and  has  Chefapeak  Bay  S.  E. 
Annapolis  is  the  chief  town.  This 
coilnty  contains  22,598  inhabitants,  of 
whom  10,131  are  (laves. 

Ani«,  Cape,  is  the  po?nt  of  land  in 
the  town  of  that  name,  or  Gloucettcr, 
which  forms  the  N.  fide  of  MafTachu- 
fetts  Bay,  as  Cape  Cod  does  the  S.  fide. 
N.  lat.  42.  45.  long.  70.17.  W.  See 
Gloucejler.  This  Cape  was  fo  named 
in  hortoui-  6f  Ann,  eonfort  of  King 
James  I. 

Ann,  St.  a  take  in  Upper  Canada* 
northerly  from  Lake  Superior,  which 
fends  its  waters  north-eaftcrly  into 
Jarties's  Bay,  through  Albany  River. 
Its  north-eaftern  point  lies  in  N.  lat.jOi^ 
W.  long.  88. 

Ann,  St.  is  the  chief  toWn  of  the 
province  of  Parana,  in  the  E.  divifiort 
of  Paraguay,  South-Amerioe. 

Ann,  Fort,  in  the  ftate  of  New- 
York,  lies  at  the  head  of  batteaux  navi- 
gation, on  Wodd  Creek,  which  falls 
into  South  Bay,  Lake  Champlain,  near 
Skenefborough.  It  lies  (t\  miles  S.W. 
by  S.  from  Skenefborough  Fort ;  id 
E.  S.  E.  from  Fort  George,  and  i»  N. 
E.  by  N.  from  Fort-Edward,  on  Hud- 
fon  River*  Such  was  the  favage  ftate 
of  this  part  of  the  country,  and  the 
layers  of  trees  laid  length  wife  and  acrofs* 
and  fo  broken  with  creeks  and  mar(hcs, 
that  General  Burgoyne's  army,  in  July, 
1777,  could  fcarcely  advance  above  a 
mile  in  a  day,  on  the  road  to  Fort-Ed- 
ward. They  had  no  fewer  than  46 
bridges  to  conftrudt,  one  of  which  wa9 
of  log  work  a  mika  in  length  ',  circum- 

ftances 


V"- 


I 


18  made  a  ptor^ 
n  a  peninfuU 
id  two  fmall 
itifulprofpeft 
e  E.  more  be- 
■  little  note  in 
i  but  is  the 
:  Jn  the  United 
it  300  in  num- 
ant,  indicative 
te-houfe  is  the 
kind  in  the 
centre  of  the 
the  ftreets  di- 
liice  radii.  N. 
8.  W. 
New  Hebrides' 

,  in  Maryland, 
hud  Patuxtnt 
;ak  Bay  S.  E. 
town.  This 
nhabitants,  of 


I 


lenoe. 

late  of  New- 
batteaux  navi- 
k,  which  falls 
lamplain,  neaf 
51  miles  S.  W. 
igh  Fort ;  i* 
je,  and  12  N« 
ard,  on  Hud- 
le  favage  ftate 
atry,  and  the 
/ifeandacrofs^ 
8  and  madhes, 
army,  in  July, 
ance  above  a 
id  to  Fort-Ed- 
ewer  than  40 
of  which  wa9 
igth ;  circum- 
ftances 


Mi 


ANT 

ftance$  which  in  after  ages  will  appear 
•-.ardly  credible. 

,  Ann's,  St.  a  port  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Cape  Breton  Ifland,  where  filhing  vcf- 
feh  often  put  in.  It  lies  on  the  N.  W. 
fide  of  the  entrance  into  Labrador  Lake. 
W.  long.  60.  N.  lat.  47- 

Ann'j!,  St.  is  a  fmall  town  on  the 
River  St.  Jolin's,  province  of  New- 
Brunfwick,  about  80  miles  from  St* 
John's.  It  is  at  prefent  the  feat  of 
government. 

Anson,  an  interior  county  of  N. 
Carolina,  in  Fayette  diitri<5t,  having 
Mccklinburg  county  N.  and  Bladen  and 
Cumberland  counties  on  the  E.  It 
rontains  5133  inhabitants^  including 
8j8  flaves. 

Anthony's  Falls,  St;  in  the  River 
MifTifippi,  lie  about  10  miles  N.  W.  of 
the  mouth  of  St.  Pierre  River,  which 
joins  the  MilTilippi  from  the  Wi  and 
.ue  fituatcd  in  about  lat.  44. 50.  N.  and 
were  fo  named  by  father  Louis  Henni- 
pin,  who  travelled  into  thefe  parts  about 
the  year  1680,  and  was  the  firft  Euro- 
pean ever  feen  by  the  natives  there. 
The  whole  river,  250  yards  wide,  falls 
perpendicularly  above  30  feet,  and 
forms  a  moft  pleafing  cataraft.  The 
rapids  below,  in  the  fpace  of  300  yards, 
render  the  defcent  confiderably  greater ; 
fo  that  when  viewed  at  a  diftance,  they 
appear  to  be  much  higher  than  they 
really  are.  In  the  middle  of  the  falls 
is  a  fmall  ifland,  about  40  feet  broad, 
and  fomewhat  longer*  on  which  grow 
a  few  hemlock  and  fpruce  trees ;  and 
about  half  way  between  this  illand  and 
the  eaftcrn  fhore,  is  a  rock,  lyincr  at  the 
very  edge  of  the  fall,  in,  an  oblique 
pofition,  5  or  6  feet  broad,  and  30  or  40 
long.  Thefe  falls  are  peculiarly  litu- 
ated,  as  they  are  approachable  without 
the  lead  obfirudtion  from  any  interven- 
ing hill  or  precipice  :  which  cannot  be 
laid,  perhaps,  of  any  other  confiderable 
fall  in  the  world.  The  fccne  around  is 
exceedingly  beautiful.  It  is  not  an  un- 
interrupted plain,  where  the  eye  finds 
no  relief,  but  compofed  of  many  gentle 
afcents,  vyhich,  in  the  fpiing  and  fum- 
mer,  arc  covered  with  verdure,  and  in- 
tcrfperfed  with  little  grovts,  tliat  give  a 
pleafing  variety  to  the  profpeCl. 

At  a  little  diftance  below  the  falls  is 

a  finall  illand,  about  ij  acre,  on  which 

grow  a  great  number  of  oak  trees,  all 

the  branches  of  which,  tble  to  htnr  thr 

C 


ANT 

weight,  are,  in  the  proper  feafon  of  thft 
year,  loaded  with  eagle's  nefts.  Tl  eir 
uiftindtive  wifdom  has  taught  them  to 
choofe  this  place,  as  it  is  fecure,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapids  above,  from  the 
attacks  either  of  man  or  beaft. 

Anthony'j  ^«7/,  a  vveftem  water  of 
Hudfon  River.  Its  mouth  is  7  miles 
above  that  of  Mohawk  River,  with 
which  likewife  it  communicates  at  the 
E.  end  of  Long  Lake. 

Anthony'j  Nofe,  a  point  of  land  in 
the  Highlands,  on  Hudfon  River,  in 
the  ftate  of  New- York,  from  which  to 
Fort  Montgomery  on  the  oppofite  fide, 
a  large  boom  and  chain  was  extended 
in  the  late  war,  which  coft  not  lef$ 
than  70,000!.  fterling.  It  was  partly 
deftroyed  and  partly  canied  away  by 
General  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  in  Odober, 
1777.  Alfo,  the  name  given  to  the 
point  of  a  mountain  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Mohawk  River,  about  30  miks  above 
Schenedtady.  Around  this  point  runs 
the  ftage  road. 

Anticosti,  a  barren,  uninhabited 
illand,  in  the  mouth  of  St.  Lawrrence 
River. 

Antietam  Creel;in  Maryland,  rifes 
by  feveral  branches  in  Pennlylvania, 
and  empties  into  Potowmack  River,  3 
miles  S.  S.  E.  from  Sharp{burg.  Eliza- 
beth and  Funk's  towns  ftand  on  this 
creek.  It  has  a  number  of  mills  and 
forges* 

Antigua,  or  uintego,  one  of  the 
Caribbee  Ulands  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
belonging  to  Great-Britain,  is  fituated 
60  miles  to  the  eaftward  of  Nevis  and 
St,  Chriftopher's.  It  is  almoft  circu- 
lar ;  being  abont  15  miles  long  and  10 
broad,  containing  59,838  acres  of  land, 
of  which  about  34,000  are  appropri- 
ated to  the  growtli  of  fugar  and  paftuv- 
age  annexed  :  Its  other  flapies  are  cot- 
ton and  tobacco.  The  foil  Is  naturally 
rich,  and  when  not  checked  by  e>:cef- 
llve  droughts,  to  which  Antigua  is  par- 
ticularly fubjedt,  is  very  produftive. 
Cokunhus,  who  difcovered  this  ifland, 
named  it  from  a  church  iri  Seville,  San- 
ta Maria  de  la  ^j'-ifigua  ;  and  Lis  fon, 
Ferdinand,  fays  that  its  Indian  name 
Avas  Jamaica.  It  is  a  fingular  circum- 
ftance,  that  this  word,  whicli  in  the 
language  of  fJie  larger  ifiands  fignified  a 
country  abounding  with  fpxings,fhould, 
in  the  dialect  of  the  Caribbees,  have 
been  applied  to  an  ifland  that  has  not 

ft  ungl? 


m  11  Hill  m.igmnmw^ 


A  N  T 

.1  llnglc  faring  or  rivulet  of  frefli  water 
in  it.  The  inhabitant",  make  ufo  of 
rtiin  water,  which,  wlicn  prtfcrved  in 
tifterns,  is  light,  pure  and  wliolelbmv.'. 
From  drought  and  other  circumftiiiccs, 
it  is  difficult  to  furnifh  an  average  re- 
turn of  the  crops,  which  vary  to  I'uch 
a  degree,  that  the  quantity  of  I'ugar  ex- 
ported in  fume  years,  is  tive  times  great- 
er than  in  others  ;  thui  in  1 7 79,  were 
fhipped  3;,82  hoglheads,  and  579-ticr- 
ecs  ;  in  1782,  the  crop  was  i5,,?8z 
Iioglliead^,  and  160;,  tierces  ;  and  in 
the  yearj  1770,  177.U  and  1778,  tiiere 
were  no  crops  at  all  ;  the  canes  he^w^ 
Jeftroyed  by  a  long  dr&tight,  and  the 
whole  lx)dy  of  negroes  mull  have  per- 
ifhcd,  for  want  of  food,  if  American 
vefTels  had  not  fupplied  them  with  corn 
and  Hour.  Ori  an  average,  1 7,000  hogf- 
heads  of  fugar,  of  i6cwt.  each,  ai-e 
reckoned  a  good  faving  crop^  Aiitigua 
exported  in  one  year,  ending  the  5th  of 
January,  1778,  to  the  value  of  592,^96!. 
158.  8.1.  fterling,  in  a.53  veflels  :  tlie 
cargoes  were  »84,.jz6cwt.  iqr.  iSIbs. 
filgar  ;  7i9,f46gal.  molafles  ;  irtibs. 
indigo  ;  dying  woods  and  oiher  ilnall 
articles.  The  value  exported  to  the 
United  States,  included  in  the  abpve, 
was  X^.r  1,0,^1-15-4,  The  iflVind  abounds 
in  black  cattle,  hogs,  fowls,  and  molt 
of  the  animals  in  common  with  the 
other  in  iiids.  The  number  of  inhabit- 
ants, both  white  and  black.feem  to  have 
decreafed  progreffively.  In  1774,  the 
\rhite  inhabitants  amoimted  to  2590, 
and  the  Haves  to  3  7,8o3.  The  ifland  is 
divided  into  6  pariflies  and  11  diftrids. 
The  parilher.  are  St.  John's,  St.  Mary's, 
St.  George,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  antl  St. 
Philip.  It  has  6  towns  and  vilIa;»eH. 
St.  John's,  (the  capital)  Parham,  Fal- 
mouth, Wi:k)ughby-Bay,  Old-Bay,  Olei 
Road,  and  James  Fort ;  the  two  firft 
of  which  are  legal  poi  ts  of  entry.  No 
ifland  in  this  pait  cf  the  Weft-Indies 
can  boaft  of  fo  many  excellent  har- 
bours ;  of  thefe  the  principal  are  Eng- 
Ii(h  Harbour,  and  St.  John's,  both  well 
foiiJfied  ;  and  at  the  former  are  a  royal 
navy  yard,  and  arfenal,  with  conveni- 
ences for  careening  fliips  of  war.  The 
military  eftabliihment  generally  confifts 
of  a  regiments  of  infantry,  and  2  of 
foot  militii.  There  are  likewife  a 
fquadron  of  dragoons,  and  a  battalion 
of  artillery,  botli  raifed  in  the  ifland  ; 
aod.thc  regulai-B  receive  additional  pay 


A  N'T 

as  in  Jamaica.  The  governor  or  cap^* 
tain-general  of  the  Lcewaid  Caribbean 
Iflands,  generally  refides  in  Antigua, 
but  vlfits  occafionally  each  ifland  within 
hia  government  ;  and,  in  hearing  and 
determining  caufes  ftom  the  other 
Illanils,  prciide;  alone  :  Ilr  is  chancel- 
lor of  each  ill md  by  his  office  ;  but  in 
caufes  ariling  in  Antigua,  he  is  aflifted 
by  his  council,  after  the  pradice  of  Bar- 
b.idocs ;  and  the  prdident,  together 
with  a  certain  number  of  the  council, 
may  determine  chancery  caufes  during 
the  abfence  of  the  governor-general. 
The  other  courts  of  this  ifland  are  ai 
court  of  king's  bench,  a  court  of  com- 
mon pleas,  and  a  court  of  exchequer. 
The  church  of  the  United  Brethrtn  has 
been  very  fuccefsful  in  converting  to 
chrittianity  many  of  the  negro  flaves  of 
this  and  the  other  iflands-  I'he  climate 
here  is  hotter  than  at  Barbadoes,  and 
like  that  iOand  fubjedl  to  hurricanes. 
The  firft  grant  of  Antigua  was  made 
tiy  Charles  II.  about  1663,  to  William 
Lord  Willoughby  of  Parham,  and  three 
years  after,  a  colony  was  plant-ed.  It 
was  furprifed  the  fame  year  by  the 
French.  It  made  no  figure  in  com- 
merce, tin  Col.  Chriftopher  Codring- 
ton,  lieut.  governor  of  Barbad6es,came 
and  lettled  here  in  1690.  'J'herc  hap- 
penned  a  moft  terrible  hurricane  here 
in  1 707,  that  did  vaft  damage  to  this 
ifland  and  Nevis,  more  than  to  any  of 
the  Caribbee  Iflantls.  In  0(5tobcr,  1736, 
was  the  plot  of  Court,  Tombay  and 
Hercules,  three  Indians  who  hadcoti'- 
veyed  gun-powder  under  the  ball  room, 
where  the  governor  was  to  give  a  ball ; 
but  it  was  happily  difcovercd,  and  they 
were  all  executed.  Antigua  lies  be- 
tween 17.7^  and  17.  17.  45.N..Iat. 
and  betwten  61.  22.  15.  and  61.  36. 13. 
W.  long. 

Antilles,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  diftinguiflied  into  Great 
and  Sraall.  They  lie  from  i8  to  24  de- 
grees of  N.  lat.  are  diftinguifhed  into 
Windward  and  Leev\'ard  Iflands,  and 
lie  in  tie  form  of  a  bov\',  ftretching  from 
the  coaft  of  Florida  N.  to  that  of  Bra- 
zil S.  The  moft  remarkable  of  them 
are  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Ilifpaniola  or  Do- 
mingo, and  Porto  Rico.  See  each  un-- 
der  its  proper  head. 

Amtiq^era,  a  feaport  town  in  the 
province  of  Guaxaqua,  in  Mexico. 

ANTK;yi£iiA,  or  Anteq\iieray  atown 

in 


A  PA 


A  PA 


governor  or  cap* 
cwaid  Caribbean 
dcs  ill  Antigua, 
Mch  illand  within 
I,  ill  hciriag  and 
iiom    the    other 

:  Uc  \A  chanccl- 
liii  office  ;  but  in 
ua,  hs  is  aflifted 
le  practice  of  Bar- 
:lulent,  together 
I-  of  the  council, 

ry  caufss  during 
;;overnor-gencral. 
this  ifland  are  a 

a  court  ofcom- 
rt  of  exchequer, 
ited  Brelh«:n  has 
in  convfrtii»g  to 
le  negro  flaves  of 
Js,.  The  climate 

Barbadoe3>  and 
fl  to  hurricanes, 
itigua  was  made 

663,  to  William 
'arham,  and  three 
was  plant-ed.  It 
ne  year  by  the 
figure  in  com- 
ftopher  Codring- 
'Barbad6es,came 
190.  'J'herc  hap- 
e  hurricane  here 
:  damage  to  this 
•e  than  to  any  of 
In  October,  1736, 
•t,  Tombay  and 
ns  who  had  coii- 
Jer  the  ball  room, 
as  to  give  a  ball ; 
:overcd,  and  they 
Antigua  lies  be- 

17.  45-  N..  lat- 
5.  and  61,  36.12.. 

rofiflandsin  the 
ifhed  into  Great 
from  i8to  14  de- 
liftinguifhed  into 
ard  Iflands,  and 
V,  ftretching  from 
'.  to  that  of  Bra- 
larkable  of  them 
lifpaniola  or  Do- 

0.  See  each  un- 

port  town  in  the 

1,  in  Mexico. 
'nteq\ikraf  a  town 

in 


•& 


in  Ucw-Spam,  province  of  Giiaxaqua, 
75  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Ouaxaqua. 

Amtrivcntria,  a  fubdivifiuii  of 
Terra  Firma,  lying  to  the  South  of 
Carthagcna. 

Antonio  De  Suchitepec,  St.  a 
town  in  Mexico  or  New  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.    N.  lat.  xj 

W.  long.  93- 5«  .    ,     r    , 

Antonio,  St.  the  cni)ital  of  the 
iprovinceof  Apachiera,  in  Ncw-Mexico. 
Antonio,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
avarrc,  in  North-America,  on  a  river 
hicL  runs  S.  W.  into  the  Guiph  of 
Jalifornia. 

Antonio,  Cape  St.  the  moft  wef- 
tern  point  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba;  hav- 
ing on  tlie  N.  W.  a  number  of  illots 
and  rocks,  called  Los  Colorados,  be- 
tween which  and  the  cape  is  the  cUan- 
tid  of  Ouaniguaniu-a.  N.  lat.  22.  15. 
W.  long.  8ji. 

Antonio  De  Cabo,  St.  a  town  in 
Brazil,  in  South-America,  near  Cape 
St.  Auguftine,  fubjti2  to  the  Portu- 
gutfe.  Here  they  make  a  confiderable 
<juantity  of  fugar,    S.  lat.  8.  34.  W. 

long.  3S'  **• 

Antonio,  St.  a  town  in  Nevv-Mexi- 
-co,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Rio  Bravo -River, 
below  St.  Gregoria.  Alfo,  the  name 
of  a  town  on  the  river  Hondo,  which 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  N.  E.  of 
JR.io  de  Brava ;  and  on  the  caftem  fide 
ofthe  river,  S.  by  W.  from  Texas. 

Anterim,  a  townfhip  in  HilHbo- 
4K)Ugh  county,  New-Hampfhire,  having 
528  inhabitants,  incorporated  in  1777  ; 
75  miles  W.  of  PortfmoutU,  and  about 
the  fame  diftancc  N.  W^  of  Bofton. 

An  viLLE,  or  Miller' j-Toivn,  inDau- 
phine  county,  Pcnnfylvania,  at  the  head 
of  Tulpehocken  Creek.  When  the  ca- 
nal between  the  Sufquehannah  and 
Schuylkill,  along  thefc  creeks,  is  com- 
pleted, this  town  will  probably  rife  to 
fome  confequence.  It  lies  18  miles  N. 
E.  by  E.  from  Hamfljurg,  and  65.  N. 
W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Anzerma,  is  a  town  and  province  of 
Popayan,  in  South-America,  having 
mines  of  gold.  It  is  feated  on  the  river 
Coca.    N.  lat.  4.  58. 

Apachiera,  an  audience  and  pro- 
vince of  New-Mexico,  whofe  capital  is 
St.  Fe,  in  N.  lat.  36.  30.  W.  long.  104. 

AvALACHF.s  or  St. Mark's  R.  rifes  in 
the  countiy  of  the  Seminole  Indians,  in 
E.  Florida,  in  N.  lat.  31. 30.  near  the  N. 


W.  fourcc  ofGrral  Satill.i  River  ;  runh 
S.  W.  through  the  Apalachy  countr^j 
into  the  bay  of  Apniachy,  in  the 
Gulph  of  Mexico,  about  i?  miles  be- 
low  St.  M.irk's.  It  runs  about  135 
miles,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  near  the 
mouth  of  Apalarhicola  Rivtr. 

Apalachicola,  a  river  between 
E.  and  W.  Floiida,  having  itsfouice  in 
the  Apalachian  Mountains,  in  the  Che- 
rokee country,  within  ten  miles  of 
Tuguloo,  the  upper  branch  of  Savan- 
nah River.  From  its  fource  to  the 
mouth  of  Flint  Rivtr,  a  diftance  of  300 
.miles,  it  is  called  Chata-Uchc,  or  Cha- 
tahooclie  River.  Flint  River  falls  into 
it  from  the  N.  E.  belov/  the  Lower 
Crtek  Towns,  in  N.  lat.  31.  From 
thence  it  runs  near  80  miles  and  falls 
into  the  .Bay  of  Apalachy,  or  ApaLachi- 
cola,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  Cape 
Blaizc.  From  its  fource  to  the 33d  deg. 
of  N.  lat.  its  courfe  is  S.  W.  from 
thence  to  its  mouth  it  runs  nearly  S. 
See  Chata'Ucha  and  Flint  Riven. 

Apalachicola,  is  likewife  the 
•name  of  the  mother  town  or  capital  of 
the  Crcek'or  Mufcogulge  confederacy, 
called  Apalachucla  by  Bertram.  It  is, 
fays  he,  facred  to  peace  ;  no  captivfs 
are  put  to  death  or  human  bl»3d  fpilt 
here.:  and  when  a  general  peace  is  pro- 
pofedj  deputies  from  all  the  towns  in 
the  confederacy  meet  here  to  deliber- 
ate. On  the  other  hand,  the  great 
Coweta  Town,  i%  miles  higher  up  the 
Chata-Uche  River,  is  called  the  Bloody 
Town,  where  the  Micos  chiefs  and 
warriors  aflemble  when  a  general  war 
is  propofed  ;  and  there  captives  and 
ftate  malefadors  are  put  to  death. 
Apalachicola  is  fituated  a  mile  and  an 
half  above  the  ancient  town  of  that 
name,  which  was  fituated  on  a  penin- 
fula  formed  by  the  doubling  of  the  riv- 
er, but  deferted  on  account  of  inunda- 
tions. The  town  is  about  3  days  jour- 
ney from  Tallaflee,  a  town  on  the  Tal- 
lapoofe  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mobile 
River.    See  Cowet-a,  and  Tallajfee. 

Apalachian  Mountains,  a  part  of 
the  range  called  fometimes  by  this  name, 
but  generally  Allc}rhany  Mountains.  In 
this  part  of  the  great  chain  of  moun- 
tains, in  the  Cherokee  country,  the  riv- 
er Apalachicola  has  its  fource. 

Apalachy  Country,  extends  acrofs 
Flint  and  Apalaches  Rivers,  in  EafV 
Florida,  having  th*  Seminole  country 


tl 


■  k 


h* 


A  QJU 

on  the  N.  E.  Apalachy,  or  Apalachya, 
is  by  fomc  writers,  applied  to  a  town 
and  harbour  in  Florida,  9.^  milcn  E.  of 
Penfacola,  and  the  fame  diftance  W. 
from  Del  Spiritu  Snnto  River.  The 
tribes  of  the  Apal.ichian  Indians  lie  a- 
roiind  it. 

Apoquenemv  Creek,  falls  into  Del- 
aware Biy  from  Middletown,  in  Ncw- 
caftle  county,  Delaware,  a  mile  and  an 
half  below  Reedy  Ifland.    A  canal  is 

{)ropofed  to  extend  from  the  foulhern 
)ranch  of  this  creek,  at  about  4  miles 
from  Middletown,  to  the  head  of  Bo- 
|iemia  River,  nearly  8  miles  diftant  ; 
which  will  form  a  water  communica- 
tion between  Delaware  Bay,  and  that 
of  Chcfapeak,  through  Elk  River. 

Apple  IJland,  a  fmall  uninhabited 
id  and  in  St.  I«iwrence  River,  in  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  fide  of  the  river,  between 
Bafquc  and  Green  Iflands.  It  is  fur- 
rounded  by  rocks,  which  renders  the 
navigation  dangerous. 

Apple  Town,  an  Indian  village  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  New- 
York,  between  the  townfhips  of  Ovid 
on  the  S.  and  Romulus  on  the  N. 

AppoMATOx.isthe  name  of  a  fouth- 
ern  branch  of  James  Rivtr,  in  Virginia. 
It  may*  be  navigated  as  far  as  Broad- 
ways, 8  or  10  miles  from  Bermuda 
Hundred,  by  any  vefl'cl  which  has  crof- 
fed  Harrifon's  Bar,  in  James  River. 
It  has  8  or  9  feet  water  a  mile  or  two 
father  up  to  Fifher's  Bar,  and  4  feet  on 
that  and  upwards  to  Petersburg,  where 
all  navigation  ceafcs. 

Apolo-Bam.a,  a  JHiifdiiflion  confift- 
insf  of  milfions  belonging  to  the  Fran- 
ciicans,  fubjedt  to  the  bifhop  of  Cufco, 
6q  leagues  froin  that  city,  in  the  em- 
pire of  Peru.  Thefe  conlift  of  7  towns 
of  converted  Indians.  To  prote(ft  thefc 
from  the  inliilts  of  the  other  Indians, 
and  to  give  credit  to  the  miflionan'^s,  a 
militia  is  kept  here,  under  a  major-p«n- 
<ral,  formed  by  the  inhabitan'.s. 

APURiMA,or^^ri?w»rti-,a  very  rapid 
river  in  Peru,  South-America,  30  miles 
from  the  river  Abanzai. 

Aquaport,  a  fettlemertt  on  the  E. 
fide  of  tht  ibuth-eaftern  extremity  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  lat.  47.  10.  N. 

Aquedochton,  the  outlet  of  lake 
"Wiftnipifeogee,  in  Nfw-Hampfhire,  N. 
lat.  43. 40.  whofc  waters  pafs  through 
feveral  fmaller  ones  in  a  S.  W.  courfe, 
and  empty  into  jVfcrripiack  R.ivcr,  bc- 


A  R  C 

twcen  the  towns  of  Sanbtirn  and  C*^ 
terbury. 

Aqj"«  DNtc  K,  the  ancient  Indian 
name  of  Rhode-Hland,  in  the  ftatc  of 
Rhode-Ifiand. 

Araguaya,  a  branchof  Para  River, 
in  Brazil.     Sec  Para. 

Ararat,  Maunt,  or  the  Stone  Head, 
a  fliort  range  of  mountains  on  the  N. 
frontier  of  North-Carolina,  in  a  N.  E. 
dire(5tion  from  Ararat  River,  a  N.  W. 
branch  of  Yadkin  River. 

Arathapescow,  art  Indian  tribe  in- 
habiting the  ftiores  of  the  lake  and  river 
of  that  name,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
North-America,  between  the  latitudes 
of  57.  and  59.  N.  North  of  this  na- 
tion's abode,  and  near  the  Aritic  Cir- 
cle, is  Lake  Edlande,  around  which 
live  the  Dog  Ribbed  Indians. 

Arauco,  afortrefs  and  town  of  Chili, 
in  South-America  ;  lituatcd  in  a  fine 
valley,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  N. 
bv  W.  from  Baldivia.  The  native  In- 
dians are  fo  brave,  that  they  drove  the 
Spaniards  out  of  their  countiy,  though 
deftitute  of  fire-arms.  8.  lat.  37.  30. 
W.  long.  73.  20. 

Arazibo,  one  of  the  principal  places 
in  Porto  Rico  Ifland,  in  the  Weft-In- 
dies. It  has  few  inhabitants,  and  little 
trade  but  fmuggling. 

Arcas,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, in  the  Bay  of  Campeachy.  Lat. 
20. long.  92. 50. 

Arch  Spring,  See  Bald  Eagle  Val- 
Icy. 

A  R  c  n  I  p  F.  L  A  G  o,  Dangerous,  the 
name  given  by  Bouganville,  in  Feb. 
17(18,  to  a  cluftcr  of  illands  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Otaheite,  fituatcd  between  10.  and  18. 
degrees  !».  lat.  and  between  143.  and 
145.  degrees  W.  long.  ft-omParis.  The 
iflands  which  compofe  this  Archipela- 
go, he  named  Qiiatre  Facardins,  the 
Lanciern,  and  La  Ilarpe,  and  other 
iflands,  forming  two  groups,  to  which 
he  gave  no  names.  In  April,  1769, 
Capt.  Cook  fell  in  with  thefc  fame 
iflands,  andnamedthem  Lagoon  Ifland, 
Thrum  Cap,  Bow  Ifland,  and  the  Two 
Groups. 

Archipelago  of  the  Great  Cydades, 
a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
lying  between  14  and  ao  deg.  S,  lat. 
and  between  164  and  i68  deg.E.  long. 
from  Paris,  difcovered  by  Bouganville, 
22d  of  May,  1768.    Tliis  is  the  fame 

cluftef 


A  TL  I 


A  H  S 


inbiirn  and  Ca»f 

le  ancient  Indian 
I,  in  the  Aate  of 

ichofPara  River, 

r  the  Stone  Ihad, 
ntains  on  the  N. 
roliiia,  in  a  N.  E. 
:  River,  a  M.  W. 
er. 

irt  Indian  tribe  in- 
thc  lake  and  river 
;  N.  W.  part  ol" 
ceil  the  latitude!; 
>Jorth  of  this  na- 
ir  the  Ardtic  Cir- 
e,  around  which 
ndians. 

andtown  of  Chili, 
lUuated  in  a  fine 
e  fame  name,  N. 
The  native  In- 
it  they  drove  the 
counti7,  though 
.     S.  lat.  37.  30. 

e  principal  places 

in  the  Weft-In- 

bitants,  and  little 

the  Gulf  of  Mcx- 
impcachy.     Lat. 

Bald  Eagle  I'al- 

Dan^erouSf  the 
taiiville,  in  Feb. 
lands  in  the  Pa- 
.'ijjhbourhood  of 
tvten  10.  and  18. 
St  ween  143.  and 
ft-om  Paris.  The 
;  this  Archipela- 
s  Facardins,  the 
rpe,  and  other 
;roups,  to  which 
In  April,  1769, 
vith  thel'e  fame 
11  Lagoon  Ifland, 
id,  and  the  Two 


'>e  Great  Cjicla^cj, 
le  Pacific  Ocean, 
dep.  S.  lat. 
lonjr. 
by  liouganville, 
rWs  is  the  fame 
cluftef 


I  20 

c68  deg.E 


iJlufter  of  ?fland«  tlifcovei<d  by  Quiro* 
i/)o6,  aiul  by  him  called  Turra  jIu- 
ral  dfl  Efpintu  Santo,  which  fee. — 
Japt.Cook  palled  thtfe  illands  in  1774. 
3(1  called  them  New  Hebrides. 
Akdois,  a  mountain  in  Nova-Sco- 
I,  between  Windfor  and  Halifax  5  13 
kilcs  N.  W.  fiom  the  latter.      It   is 
tcmed  the  hinhcft  land  in  Nova-.Sco- 
I,  and  affords  an  extcnfive  profpid  of 
the  high  and  low  larid»  ai)')ut  Wind- 
f  and  Fabiioutii,  and  the  cliflantcoun- 
borilering  the  Bafoii  of  Minas. 
Lr  EQUIP  A,  is  one  of  thr  largeft  cities 
?eru, South-America, and  was  found- 
by    Dt)n    Francifqiio    Pizarro.    in 
;39.    It  (tands  in  the  valley  of  Quiica, 
iout  ao  leagues  from  the  lea,  in  a  fer- 
]c  country.    Near  it  is  a  dreadful  vol- 
ino.    The  air  is  very  temperate ;  and 
le  bed  in  the  country  ;  but  it  has  been 
}ur  times  laid  in  ruins  by  eailhquakes. 
is  very  populous,  and   well  built  j 
jntains  a  convent,  and  two  nunneries, 
id  had  a  college  of  Jcfuits.     It  han  a 
^ifhoprick  in  Lima,  and  lies  190  miles 
by  £.  iiom  that  city.    Lat.  16.  49. 
JJ.long.  75.30.  W. 

,     Arcyle,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington 
.^ounty,  New- York,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
'"^ludlbii  River,  containing  2341  inhab- 
itants, inclulive  of  14  llaves.    In  the 
tate  ccnliu  of  1796,  there  appears  to 
je  404  eledors. 

;\i<.GVLK,  a  townfhip  in  Shelburne 
tounty,  Nova-Scotia,  fettled  by  Aca- 
lians  and  Scotch. 

Arica,  a  jurifdi(flion  in  the  bifhop- 
rick  of  Arcquipa,  in  Peru,  extending 
ilong  the  coaft  of  the  South  Sea.  It 
jroduces  little  eU'e  than  a>;i,  or  Guinea 
jcpper  ;  and  in  fome  places  large  ol- 
ives, of  wliich  they  make  oil  and 
sickles  :  but,  although  the  country  is 
jtherwife  barren,  the  produce  of  pep- 
aer  amounts  annually  to  no  lefs  than 
60,000  dolLu's  value. 

Akica,  a  town  and  port  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Los  Chaivos,  in  Pern  ;  being 
^he  port-town  to  nioft  of  the  mines  in 
that  country.     It  is  a  place  of  vaft 
^radc,  and  very    populous  ;    feldom 
nthout  a  great  deal  of  Ihipping.    It  is 
3ut  badly  fortified,  and  has  been  much 
^njuied  by  earthquakes,  which  have 
alfo  hurt  its  trade.    No  rain  ever  falls 
icre  ;  the  houfes  are  therefore  without 
Iroofs.    The  valley  of  Arica  is  famous 
ifor  little  clfc  than  the  culture  of  Guinea 


p«pp«r,  which  the  Sptniardi  planted, 
and  of  this  they  raife  annually  to  th« 
value  of  80,000  crmTiis.  It  is  $5^ 
miles  S.  £.  of  Lima  S.  lat.  tt.  27. 
W.  long.  71.  6. 

AR.ICHAT,  a  town  in  Cape  Breto« 
ifland. 

Aries  Kill,  a  fmall  creek  which  runt 
northerly  into  Mohawk  River,  ij  mile* 
VV.  from  Schoharie  PJver,  in  New. 
York. 

Arkansas,  a  N.  \V.  branch  of  Mif. 
fippi  River,  of  a  very  lengthy  courfe, 
which  falls  in  by  two  mouthfi,  and 
forms  an  idaiul,  whofc  north-wcftern 
point  lies  in  N.  lat.  3;^.  33.  W.  long; 
91.  Its  length  35  miles;  its  breadth 
10.  The  branch  on  the  north-eaftern 
fide  of  the  illand,  receives  White  Riv- 
iit,  about  24  milef>  from  its  mouth. 

Arlington,  a  townfhip  in  Benning- 
ton county,  Vermont,  11  miles  N.from 
Bennington,     It  has  991  inhabitants. 

Armouchiquois,  a  nation  of  In- 
dians in  Canada, 

Arnedo,  a  town  in  Peru,  on  the 
South-Sea,  25  miles  N.  of  Lima. 

AwRACiri-F.,  a  port-town  of  Brazil* 
in  the  captainlhip  of  Pernambaco  ;  ef- 
teemcd  the  ftrongdl  in  ail  Brazil.  The 
port  coiilifts  of  a  fuburb,  in  which  are 
fome  large  houfes,  and  repofitories  for 
ftores  ;  anci  is  built  upon  a  narrow 
pafTage,  with  a  caftle  to  defend  the  en- 
trance. Notwithftanding  which,  James 
Lancafter  entered  the  }>arbour  in  1595, 
with  7  En^rlifli  vtirelo,  and  made  him- 
felf  mafli  r  of  the  town  and  caftle, 
where  he  continued  a  month,  and  car- 
ried off  immcnfe  plunder  ;  but  fince 
that  time,  the  Pprtuguefe  have  render- 
ed it  almoft  inacceflible  to  enemies. 
Lat.  8.  20.  S.  long.  36.  10.  \V. 

Arrayal  De  Porate,  a  town  ia 
Brazil,  fituated  on  the  W.  lide  of  Para 
River,  below  the  jundion  of  its  two 
great  branches.     See  Para  Ri-ver. 

Arrowsike,  an  ifland  in  the  dif- 
trid:  of  Maine,  parted  from  Parker's 
Ifland  by  a  fmall  itrait.  It  is  within 
the  limits  of  George-Town,  and  con- 
tains nearly  \  of  its  inhabitants,  and 
has  a  church.  It  contains  about  20,000 
acres  of  land,  including  a  large  quanti- 
ty of  fait  iiiarfli .  See  George-liyjjn  and 
Parker's  IJland. 

Arsacides,  the  IJlands  of  the,  the 
name  given  by  M.  de  Surville,  in  1769, 
to  Solomon's  Iflands,  on  account  of 

the 


ffi 


r 


A  S  H 

fhe  batbarous  charadter  of  their  inhab- 
itants, particularly  at  Port  Praflin. 
Thufe  iflaiida  were  vilitcd  by  Mr.  Short- 
land  in  1788,  and  by  him  called  Ntw- 
-Gtorgia.  See  Solomon'j  I/Ies  and  Fori 
Prajlin. 

Arthur.  Kull,  or  Newark  Bay, 
on  the  coaft  of  New-Jeifey,  is  formed 
fcy  the  union  of  Paifaic  and  Hackinfack 
Kivers. 

Aruba,  one  of  the  Little  Antille 
Iflands,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  is  fubjeft 
to  tile  Dutch.  It  is  unmhabited,  lies 
iiear  Tcira  Firma,  14  leagues  W.  of 
Curacoa,  and  produces  little  clfe  be- 
fides  corn  and  wood.  N.  lat.  12.  30. 
W.  long.  67.  3 J. 

Arundel,  a  townfhip  in  York  coun- 
ty, dillrift  of  Maine,  containing  1458 
inhabitants,  ^t  lies  between  Cape  Por- 
poile,  and  Biddeford  on  the  N.  E.  on 
Saco  River,  ii  miles  N.  E-  from  York, 
and  96  N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

Asangaro,  a  junlUidion  under  tbe 
bifliop  of  Cufco,  in  Peru,  South  Amer- 
ica!, 50  leagues  from  that  city  :  num- 
•bcrs  of  cattle  are  bred  here.  There 
are  fome  (liver  mines  in  the  N.  E.  part 
of  it ;  and  it  produces  papas,  quinoas, 
and  canaguas.  Of  the  two  laft  th  y 
make  chicha,  as  others  do  from  mv^e. 

Ascension  Bay.^  lies  on  the  E.  hde 
of  the  pcninfula  of  Yucatan,  in  the  Bay 
-of  Honduras,  having  Amber  Bay  on 
the  N.  and  the  northern  point  of  Am- 
bcrgreefe  Key  on  the  S.  which  forms  a 
pallage  into  Hanover  Bay,  S*  from  Af- 
cenfion  Bay. 

This  is  alfo  the  name  of  a  bay  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  iituated 
between  Cape  Balize  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Miffiiippi,  and  the  Bay  of  Prefh 
Water  on  the  W.  in  the  30th  degree 
ci  N.  lat.  and  9jd  of  W.  long. 

AsmiURNHAM,  formerly  Dorrhejicr 
Canada,  lies  in  Worcelter  county,' 
JMaflachufctts,  30  miles  N.  of  Worcef- 
ter,  and  55  from  Bofton,  was  incorpor- 
ated in  176T,  and  contains  951  inhabi- 
tants. It  ftands  upon  the  height  of 
land  E.  of  Conne<!ticut  River,  and  W. 
of  Merrimack,  on  the  banks  of  Little 
Naukhcag.  In  thio  townftiip,  is  a 
white  land,  equal  in  finenefs  to  that  at 
Cape  Ann,  and  which,  it  is  judged, 
would  make  fine  glafs. 

Ash  BY,  a  townfhip  in  Middlefex 
county,  MafTachufetts,  50  miles  N.  W. 
from  Bofton,  containing  75 1  inhabitants. 


ASS 

AsHCUTNEY,  or  Afacutmy,  amiour..^ 
tain  in  Vermont,  bemg  partly  in  the 
townftips  of  Windfor  and  Weatherf- 
field,  and  oppofile  Claremont  on  Sugai 
River,  in  New-Hampfliire  ftate.  It  is 
3031  fett  above  tlie  fea,and  173a,  above 
high  water  in  Connefticut  River,  which 
glides  by  its  E.  fide. 

A3HFIELD,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfliirt 
county,  MalFachufctts,  about  ij  miles 
N.  W.  of  Northampton,  and  117  W. 
from  Bofton,  containing  1459  inhabit- 
ants. 

Ash  FORD,  a  townfliip  in  Windhara 
county,  Connecticut,  fettled  from  Marl- 
borough in  Maflachufetts,  and  was  in- 
corporated  in  1710.  It  lies  about  3S 
miles  north-eaftcrly  from  Hartford,  and 
76  ibuth-'wefterly  from  Bofton. 

Ash  FORD,  N^w,  a  townfhip  ir 
BerkfhLre  county,  Maflachufetts,  153 
miles  W.  from  Bofton,  containii^g  46c 
inhabitants. 

Ash  MOT,  the  principal  harbour  in 
We  M.'.dame,  which  is  dependent  or. 
Cape  Breton.    See  Breton  Cape. 

AsHUELOT,  or  J/hivillet,  a  fmai! 
river,  having  a  number  of  branches, 
whole  moft  diftant  fource  is  at  the  K. 
end  of  the  Sunapec  Mountains,  in  New- 
Hampfhire.  It  runs  fouth-weftcriy 
through  part  of  Chefliire  county.  Be- 
low Winchefter  it  ^uns  W.  by  N.  and 
empties  into  Connecticut  River,  at 
Hinfdalc- 

AspOTACOEN  Mountain.  This  high 
lan<l  lies  on  the  promontory  that  fepa- 
rates  Mahone  from  Margaret's  Bay,  on 
the  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia.  It  is  fcen  ai 
a  ^reat  diftance  from  the  ofling,  and  is 
thi  land  generally  made  by  the  fhips 
bound  from  £;'rope  and  the  Weft-In- 
dies to  Halifax.  The  furnmit  is  about 
500  ftet  above  the  level  of  the  fea. 

AssABET,  a  rivulet  which  rifes  in 
Grafton,  Worcefter  county,  MafTachii- 
fetts,  .-'nd  runs  N.  E.  into  Merrimack  ■ 
River. 

AssENEPOWALs,  a  lake  wcftward 
of  Chriftianaux  Lake,  and  through 
which  its  waters  run  into  Albar.y  Riv- 
er, in  New  South  Wales. 

AssiNiBOiLS,  or  AJfmiboeh.  a  rivtr 
and  lake  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  North- 
America.  The  river  is  laid  vo  rife  in 
the  Mountain  of  Bright  Stones,  runs 
N.  E.  into  Lake  Ouinipique  in  N.  lat.  \ 
51^  W.  long.  106. 

The  lake  is  placed  n  fome  maps  in 


"^ 


^/acutneji,  ixnoMv.-^ 
;ing  partly  in  the 
"or  and  Weatherf- 
laremont  on  Suga: 
plliire  ftate.  It  is 
:a,and  173  a,  above 
licut  River,  which 

ifhip  in  Hamp/hire 
ta,  about  15  miles 
jton,  and  117  W, 
ling  1 45  9  inhabit- 

ifliip  in  Windhare 
fettled  from  Mad- 
il'etts,  and  was  in- 
It  lies  about  ^i 
rom  Hartford,  and 
m  Bofton. 
,  a  townfhip  ir 
iaflachufetts,  155 
n,  contaicii^g  46c 

ncipal  harbour  ir; 
I  is  dependent  or. 
ireton  Cape, 
l/hiwilleti  a  fmai! 
ibcr  of  branches, 
burce  is  at  the  K. 
[ouEtains,  in  New- 
ns  fouth-weftcrly 
hire  county.  Bc- 
ms  W.  by  N.  and 
'.iiicMt    River,    at 

ufitain.  This  higli 
[lontory  that  fepa- 
largaret's  Bay,  on 
otia.    It  is  feen  at 

the  offing,  and  is 
lade  by  the  ftiips 

and  the  Weft-ln- 
furnmit  is  about 
vel  of  the  fea. 
et  which  rifes  in 

ounty,  Maffachii- 
into  Merrimack  • 

a  lake  weftward ; 

re,  and  through 
into  Albany  Riv- 

ales. 

fljjiniboels,  a  river . 

V.  part  of  North- 
is  laid  to  rife  in 

ight  Stones,  runs 

iiipique  in  N.  lat.  ; 

a  fomc  maps  in 

tlu: 


ATA 

^e  J  2d  de„  )f  N.  lat.  and  96th  of  W. 
|png.  It  Js  communication  'vith 
Ihtiftianaux  Lake,  on  the  caf  nrd, 
^hich  fendr,  its  Waters  to  Jam^    iiay. 

fear  tlicfe,  lie  the  countries  of  the 
jthriftianaux,   and   Kiris.   called   alfo 

[illiftins. 

\  AssiJ>ois,  a  nation  of  Indians  inhab- 
^ng  the  forcfts  of  Canada, 
f  A  s  s  u  M  p  T 1 0  N ,  an  epifcopal  city,  in 
tite  province  of  Paraguay,  in  the  E.  di- 
iHHon  of  Paraguay  or  La  Plata  in  S. 
lerica.    It  ftands  on  the  eaftern  bank 

fa  river  of  its  name,  a  little' above  the 

lice  where  the  Picolmaga  falls  into  it ; 

Iving  Villa  Rica  on  the  N.  and  La 

lata  on  the  S.  and  is  nearer  the  fouth- 

than  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  but  not 

^r  trom  the  middle  of  that  part  of  the 

jntinent.  It  was .  built  by  the  Span- 
^rds  in  1^38;  and  is  remarkable  for  its 

Ealthy  lituation,  as  well  as  for  the 
|nmber  of  its  inhabitants,  arid  the  rich 

ul  fruitful  territory  in  which  it  ftands ; 

?hich  produces  a  great  variety  of  na- 

^ve  and  exotic  fruits,  in  the  higheft 

jicrfe^^ion.    Here  are  feveral  hundred 

3panif)i    families,  defccndants  of  the 

flower  of  the  gentry  who  fettled  in  this 

ilace  ;  whild  the  dregs  of  their  coun- 

i-ymen  removed  to  other  parts.  There 

re  likcwife  a  number  of  Meftizos  and 

lulattoes.  The  tsty  lies  about  50 
;agucs  above  the  confluence  of  the 
*araguay  and  Parana,  where  the  for- 
liier  begins  to  be  called,  the  River  de 
Plata.    Near  the  city  is  a  lake,  noted 

r  having  in  the  middle  of  it  a  rock, 
k'hich  Ihoots  up  to  a  prodigious  height 
Ike  an  obeliflc.  Lat.  26.  S.  long.  57. 
lo.W. 

Assumption  River,  in  New- York, 
nils  in  from  the  E.  into  Lake  Ontario, 
kfter  a  N.  W.  and  W.  courfe  of  about 
^8  miles,  ?  miles  S.  E.  from  PI.  Gaverfe. 
AsTCHiKcb  w  I  p  I,  a  vail  lake  in  New- 
Jr'tain,  abounding  with  whales,  and 
[ippofed  to    commu:-.icate  with   the 

forthern  Sea. 

At  AC  A  MA,  or  Attacama,  a  town, 
larbour,  province,  and  jurifdidlion  in 
Icn.  in  S.  America,  120  leagues  from 

la  Plata  ;  fertile,  and  remarkable  for 

ie  filh  called  Tolo,  with  which  it  car- 
on  a  great  trade  with  the  inland 

rovinces.    This  province  divides  th;; 

ingdom  of  Peru  from  that  of  Chili. 

There  is  a  great  defert  of  the  fame 
^ame,  and  a  chain  of  mountains  wiiich 


A  TO" 

feparate  Peru  on  the  N.^  from  tlie  pro* 
vlBce  of  Quito.  On  thefe  mountains.' 
the  cold  is  fo  violent,  that  paflcngers 
are  foraetimcs  frozen  to  death..  Lat. 
22.  S. long.  80.  20.  VV. 

Atchi  Kounipi,  a  lake  in  La- 
brador, which  fends  'ts  waters  fouth- 
erly  into  St.  Lawrence  R.  through  a 
connected  chain  of  frnall  lakes. 

At H  APE  scow  Lake.  See  ^ra:* 
ibappfco'vj,  and  Slave  Lakes, 

Athens,  a  townfliip  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  32  miles  N.  E.  from  Ben- 
ningto'-,  and  about  6.  W.  from  Con- 
nefticut  R.  having  450  inhabitants.. 
Sextons  R.  which  rifes  in  Lordonderry, 
pafles  S.  E.  by  Athens,  into  the  town- 
fhip of  Weftuiinfter  to  Conn.  R. 

Athol,  a  townfhip  in  Worccftcr  co,. 
MafTachufetts,  containing  16,000  acres 
of  land,  very  rocky  and  uneven,  but 
well  watered  with  rivers  and  ftreams  : 
On  thefe  ftand  4  grifl-mills,  6  faw-mills,. 
a  fulling-mill  and  a  trip  hammer.  It 
contains  848  inhabitants,  is  35  miles 
N.  W.  from  Worccfter,  and  72  front 
Bofton.  A  medicinal  fpring  famed  for 
its  many  virtues,  ifTues  out  of  a  high 
bank  on  Miller's  River,  ao  feet  above 
the  furface  of  the  river. 

Atkinson,  a  townfhip  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  Hamplhire,  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1767,  and  in  1-775  con- 
tained 57-  inhabitants,  in  1790  only 
479.  It  is  diftant  30  miles  from  PortC» 
mouth,  md  has  an  academy  which  waa- 
founded  in  1789,  by  the  Hon.  N.  Pea- 
body,  who  endowed  it  with  1000  aci-ct- 
of  land. 

In  this  townfhip  is  a  large  meadovr 
wherein  is  an  illand  of  6  or  7  acres,whichf«' 
was  formerly  loaded  with  valuable  pine 
timber  and  other  foreft  wood.  Whca- 
the  meadow  is  overflowed,  by  meana' 
of  an  artificial  dam,  th'i  ifland  rifes 
with  the  water,  which  is  fometimes  fr 
feet.  Fn  a  pond,  in  the  middle  of  the 
ifland,  there  have  beenfifh,  which.wheiv 
the  meadow  has  been  overflowed  have . 
appeared  there,  when  the  water  has; 
been  drawn  off,  and  the  illand  fettled? 
to  its  ufual  place.  The  pond  is  now 
almofl  covered  with  verdure.  In  it,. 
a  pole  50  feet  long  has  difappeared^. 
without  finding  bottom. 

Atlantic   Ocean,  The,    feparates- 
America  from  Europe  and  Africa. 

Atoya(^e,  a  deep  and  large  rivor' 
ia  Mexico,  or  New  Spain.    On  it  is 

the 


Iff    -~ 
M     ■ 


1.1   ,' 


|: 


Wf! 


!  t. 


AUG 

the  famous  natural  bridge,  caTled  Pom* 
di  Dio,  loo  miles  S.  E.of  Mejrioo,  over 
which  coaches  and  carriages  conve- 
niently pafs. 

Atrato,  a  confiderable  river  which 
runs  into  the  Gulf  oF  Mexico,  near 
Carthagena. 

Attlkborough,  a  townfhip  in 
Briftol  CO.  Mairachull'tts,  32.  miles 
foutherly  from  Bolton,  and  9  N.  from 
Providence. 

Atwood's  Key,  a  fmall  ifland  fur- 
rounded  by  rocks,  12  miles  N.  E.from 
Crooked  I.andjo  eaftwardfrom  Yuma, 
or  Long  I.  one  of  the  Bahamas.  N. 
lat.  23.  28.  W.  long.  73. 

Augusta  Co.  in  Virginia,- has  Albe- 
marle CO.  on  the  E.  Part  of  it  lies  E. 
ajid  part  W.  of  the  North  Mt.  a  ridge 
of  the  Alleghany.  The  foil  is  fertile, 
and  the  county  contains  io',886  inhabi- 
tants, incUuling  1567  flaves. 

Here  is  a  remarkable  cafcaue,'ca:llcd 
the  Falling  Spring.  It  is  3  branch  of 
the  Jantes,  where  it  is  called  Jackfon's 
H.  rifing  in  the  mountains  20  mites  S. 
W.  from  the  tVarm  Spring,  or  Hot 
Sp'  g,  which  lies  in  N.  lat.  38.  9.  W. 
long.  80.  6.  Atthe  Falling  Spring,  the 
water  falls  200  feet ;  which  is  about 
50  feet  higher  than  the  fall  of  Nia- 
gara. Between  the  llieet  of  water  and 
the  rock  below,  a  man  may  vralk  acrofs 
dry.  The  (heet  of  water  is  only  12  or 
»5  feet  wide  above  and  fomewhat 
wider  below.  It  is  broken  in  its 
breadth  in  two  or  thrte  places,  but  not 
at  all  in  it3  height. 

Augusta,  in  the  Upper  Diftridt  of 
Georgia,  was  till  lately  the  feat  of  gov- 
ernment. It  is  fituated  on  a  fine  plain 
in  Richmond  co.  on  the  S.  W.  b.iivk  of 
Savannah  R.  wherje  it  is  near  500  yards 
broad,  at  a  bend  of  the  river,  127  miles 
N.  W.  from  Savannah  ;  from  Waftj- 
ington  S.  E.  by  E.  and  from  Louifville 
S.  wefterly,  ;o  miles  ;  and  934  miles  S. 
W.  from  Philadelphia. 

At  the  fii-ft  fcttlemeiit  of  the  colony, 
Gen.  O;;lethorpc  crc(5led  a  fort  here, 
for  protectin;^  the  Indian  trade,  and 
holdint;  treaties  with  the  natives.  In 
1739,  about  600  people  feparated  them- 
felves  from  the  maritime  fpttlements, 
and  removed  to  its  neighbourhood  to 
carry  on  a  peltry  trade  with  the  In- 
dians. There  were,  however,  but  3 
or  4  houfei  in  the  town  of  Augufta  in 
1780,  and  in  1787  it  Contained  200. 


A  U  31 

The  country  round  it  has  an  cxtclkn* 
foil,  which  with  its  central  fituation, 
between  the  upv  'r  and  lower  countries, 
will  bring  it  faft  i>>to  importance.  N. 
lat.  33.  19.  W.  long.  80.  46. 

AuGUSTiNFS,  5T.a  port  and  river 
on  the  co.ift  of  Labrador,  nearthe  ftraiti 
of  Bellide  dnd  Oppofite  St.  John's  Bay, 
Newfoundhnd.  There  are  two  fmall 
iflands  in  the  harbour,  and  about  a 
miles  S.  W.  runs  a  chain  of  little  iflands, 
called  St.  Jlvgiijlini'}  C/bain  ;'  the  out- 
ermoft  of  which  is  a  remarkable  fmoot'i 
rock.  It  is  about  15  miles  from  Crcat 
Mecatina  I.  N.  lat.  51.  10.  W.  long. 
58.50. 

AuGUSTiNEs  Square,  St.  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  o. 
Labrador,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
the  largtft  of  which  are  from  Shecatica 
Bay  on  the  N.  E.  to  Outer  I.  S.  W.  viz . 
Large,  Sandy,  &  Outer  iflands  Thefc 
are  near  the  mouth  of  the  St.  La-    •«  ncf. 

AuGUbriNE,  St.  the  c;.>iti  '  ^ 
Florida,  is  fituated  on  t,  '..  •  .  .i.t, 
about  80  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  gulf  of  Florida,  180  miles  E.  from 
St.  Mark's,  and  3x6  S.W.  from  Charlef- 
ton  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  of  an  oblong 
figure,  and  interfecfted  by  /;  ftreets, 
which  cut  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  town  is  Well  fortified,  has  been 
under  different  mailers,  and  now  be- 
longs to  the  Spanilh  king.  It  has  a 
church  and  monaftei-y  of  the  order  of 
its  name.  The  breakers  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour  have  formed  two  chan- 
nels, wl\ofe  bars  have  8  feet  of  water 
each.    N.  lat.  30.  W.  long.  81.  30. 

AuGusTiNK,  Cape  ST.t)n  the  coaft 
ofBra/il,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  300 
miles  N.  E.  from  the  bay  of  All  Souls, 
lat.  8-.  30.  S.  long.  7,s  40.  W. 

AuREAN  j^cademy,  a  refpeftable  fe- 
minary  of  learning  in  Amherft,  New- 
Hamplhire,  which  fee. 

AuRELius,  a  military  towufhlp  in 
New  York,  in  Onondaga  co.  on  Owafco 
L.  having  the  Cayuaga  Refervatioii 
Lands  W.  and  Marcellus  E.  and  9 
iiiiles  E.  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuaga  L. 
By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  213  of  the 
mhabitantfi  are  electors.  See  Military 
Toiunjhiy:, 

Aurora,  an  ifland  belr^nging  to  M 
Archipelago  of  ^^>'   Great  Cyclad    . 
i^.  8.   S.  lat.  and   165.  58.  E.  long, 
from  Pariii,  difcovered  by  Bouganville, 
May  22d.  1768.    It  i«  about  20  leaguts 

long 


/ 


Iwhi 


»'.?■■'»■■' '"'L 


:  has  .an  cxCelJenf 
central  fituation, 
d  lower  countrief!, 
importance.     N. 

50.  46, 

.a  port  and  river 
lor,  nearthe  ftraits 
te  St.  John's  Bay, 
ere  are  two  fmall 
iir,  and  about  z 
tin  of  little  iflands, 
C/jaiii ;'  the  out- 
:markable  fmootl) 
miles  from  Great 

51.  10.  W.  long. 

ARE,  St.  a  nuin- 
on  the  coaft  o. 
of  St.  Lawrence, 
re  from  Shecatica 
>uterl.  S.W.  viz. 
er  iflands  Thefc 
the  St.i.H^  -tnce. 
the  ■;.,   >!ti         ^■ 

on       t."  '..   ■  •       V    :iit, 

m  the  mouth  of 
[80  miies  E.  from 
.W.fromCharlef- 
t  is  of  an  oblong 
ed  by  /;  ftreets, 
■r  at  i-ight  angles, 
irtified,  has  been 
;r8,  and  now  bc- 
king;.  It  has  a  | 
y  of  the  order  of 
ers  at  the  entrance 
formed  two  chan- 
e  8  feet  of  water 
. long.  81. 30. 
E  ST.^-on  the  coaft 
mtic  Ocean,  300 
bay  of  All  Souls. 
40.  W.  I 

,  a  refpedabk  fe- 
1  Amhcrft,  New- 

A 
..• 

itary  townfliip  in 
igaco.on  Owafco 
iaga  Refervatioii 
rcellus  E.  and  9 
r  on  Cayuaga  L. 
•  1796,  113  oftlie 
irs.    See  MiUtarj 

\  belonging  to  ""I'  ■: 
Great  Cyclad  .. 
[65.  58.  E.  long, 
iby  Bouganville, 
I  about  10  leagues 
lon^ 


AYE 

^ong  and  two  broad.  Its  eaftem  fliorc 
ys  fteep,  and  covered  with  wood. 
ij  AvALON,  a  peninfula  at  the  S.  E. 
^orner  of  the  ifland  of  Newfoundland, 
;pvhich  is  joined  to  the  ifland  by  a  nar- 
"row  neck  of  land,  that  has  Placentia 
Jay  on  the  S.  and  Trinity  Bay  on  the 
^.  The  E.  part  of  this  peninfula  is 
tncompafled  by  the  Great  Bank,  and 
>as,  btfides  the  two  fomier  bays,  the 
ibay  of  Conception  on  the  N.  and  the 
^y  of  St.  Mary's  and  Trepafly  bay  on 
■^e  S.  It  contaius  feveral  excellent 
irbors,  bays  and  capes,  among  which 
tt  St.  Mary's,  Pine,  Race,  Ballard, 
ft.  Francis,  Sec. 

A  VAN  CAY,  a  jurifdiiflion  fubjeft  to 
|he  biihop  of  Cufco,  and  lies  4  leagues 
I.  E.  of  that  city.    It  abounds  in  fu- 
^ar  canes,  fruits  and  corn. 

AvERiL,  a  townfliip  in  Effex  county, 

'^ermont,  formerly  in  that  of  Orange. 

tt  joins  Hamilton  on  the  N.  W.  Canaan 

)n  the  N.  E.  and  its  N.  corner  is  the 

Canada  line. 

AvEs,  or  Bird*s  ijland,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  iituated  in  N.  lat.  15.  30.  W. 
long.  63.  1$.  named  fo  from  the  great 
^number  of  birds  that  breed  there^  yet 
^8  without  a  tree,  which  obliges  them 
|to  lay  their  eggs  in  the  fand.  A  fhoal 
runs  from  hence  to  the  iflands  of  Saba, 
St.  Euftatius,  and  St.  Chriftophcrs  ; 
irhich  is  about  2  leagues  broad,  atid 
rom  10  to  20  fathom  foundings. 

There  is  another  ifland  of  this  name, 

among  the  Little  Antilles,  between  the 

coaft  of  St.  Jago  de  Leon,  in  Terra 

?irma,  and  the  ifland  of  Bonaire. 

A  VINO  La  Pane  a,  a  town  in  the 

'  ;li'rn  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Leon, 

■■  N(,th-AnuTica,  between  two  of  the 

::.  .A  iranches  of  Nafllis  River. 

'.yc  :,  a  river  of  Nova-Scotia,  which 
r  't  is  i:'to  the  Atlantic  Ocean  a  little 
caft  vva^ .   of  Halifiax.    It  is  navigable  as 
jfar  as  Fort  Edward  for  veflR;ls  of  400 
fons,  and  for  velfels  of  60  tons  a  miles 
higher.    A  river  called  St.  Croix  runs 
Into  the  Avon,  whofe  fource  is  in  lakes 
pd  fprings,  about  7  miles  fi-om  its  en- 
rance,  where  it  is  crolfed  by  a  bridge 
bn  the  road  leading  to  Windfor.    It  is 
pyigable  for  veflTels  of  60  tons  3  miles, 
id  for  large  boats  7  miles. 
AxAs,  a  towD  in  the  interior  part  of 
■».vv  Albion,  in  N.  lat.  39. 5.  W.  long. 
|ii4.  30.    See  ^ivira. 

Avj'NNis,  an  Indian  tribe  in  Flprida. 
D 


B  A  F 

Ayerstown,  or  Ayrjlown,  in  Bur- 
lington CO.  New-Jerfey,  lies  on  the  mid- 
dle branch  of  Ancocus  Creek,  16  milea 
from  the  mouth  of  the  creek  in  the 
Delaware,  and  13  S.  eafterly  from  Bur- 
lington. 

Aymaraes,  a  jurifdidion  in  the  em- 
pire of  Peru  ;  fubj«d  to  the  biftiop  of 
Cufco,  40  leagues  S.  W.  of  that  city. 
It  abounds  in  fugars,  cattle,  corn,  and 
hiines  of  gold  and  filver  ;  which  laft  are 
for  the  raoft  part  negleded,  as  it  is  but 
thinly  inhabited. 

AzucA,  or  Akuo,  a  little  town  in 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W. 
Indies,  on  the  fouthern  fide,  at  tha 
bottom  of  a  deep  bay.  Before  the 
French  revolution  it  belonged  to  the 
Spaniards. 


B 


Baal's  Rj.ver  and  Bavt  in  Weft 
Greenland,  lie  between  Bear  Sound 
on  the  S.  E.  and  Delft's  Point  on  the 
N.  W.  and  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Hud- 
fon's  Strait. 

Babahoyo,  a  village  and  cuftom 
houfe  on  Guayaquil  River,  in  Peru,  be- 
ing the  landing  place  from  the  city  of 
Guayaquil.  Here  the  merchandize 
I'rom  Peru  and  Terra  Firma,  and  their 
refpeftive  provinces,  are  landed. 

Babopas,  a  town  in  the  interior 
parts  of  New  Albion,  eaftward  of  the 
long  range  of  mountains  which  extend 
northward  from  the  head  of  the  penin- 
fula of  California.  N.  lat.  37.  45.  W. 
long.  114.  25.     See  ^livira. 

Back  Ritjcr.     See  Baltimore  County* 

RAEZA,tlie  chief  town  ofthediftrift 
of  Quixos,  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in 
Peru,  and  the  fefldence  of  the  governor. 
It  was  built  in  1,-59  ^'V  ^o"  Rameiro 
d'Avilos.  The  chief  maiiui'adure  here 
is  cotton  cloth. 

Baffin'j  Bay,  is  the  largcft  and  moft 
northern  gulf,  or  bay,  that  has  yet  been 
difcovered  in  N.  America  ;  and  lies 
between  the  70th  and  80th  degrees  of 
N.  lat.  It  opens  into  tiie  Atlantic 
ocean  through  B.Mn's  and  Davis's 
ftraits,  betwteen  Cape  Chidley  on  the 
Labrador  Coaft,  and  Cape  Farewell  on 
that  of  Weft  GrceDland  ;  both  of  which 
are  in  about  the  60th  degree  of  N.  lat. 
It  abounds  with  whales ;  and  on  the 
S.  W.  fide  of  Davis's  ftraits  has  a  com- 
munication with  liudfon's  Un.y,  through 

a  ciufter 


-'^pil.l'.IJW 


i 


ll^ 


s4i 


iM 


\ 


1^^ 


r; 


BAH 

a  duller  of  iflands.  It  was  difcovered 
by  the  navigator  whofe  name  it  bears, 
in  the  year  i66z.  Some  maps  fliew  a 
communication  with  Hudfon's  Bay,  in 
the  70th  degree  of  N.  lat.  and  in  the 
70th  of  W.  long. 

Bag  ADUCE  Point,  a  head  land  within 
Penoblcot  Bay,  intheDiftriifl  of  Maine. 

Bahama  Channel.  See  Gulf  of  Flo- 
rida and  Bahama  Iflands. 

Bahama  Iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  Lucayos,  com- 
prehend ander  this  denomination  all 
the  iflands,  in  general,  which  are  to  the 
N.  of  Cuba  and  St.  Domingo.  The 
firft  difcovery  of  the  New  World,  by 
Columbus,  began  Oftober  ir,  1492,  at 
Gnanahani,  or  Cats  Illand,  one  of  the 
Bahamas.  They  were  then  fuVl  of 
people  "  who  were  limple,  mild,  and 
lived  1  '•■'•  in  tire  midft  of  plenty. 
Thele  u  •  t  te  people  were  tranf- 

ported  to  t  mes  of  St.  Domingo, 
after  the  cruel  opaniards  had  extermin- 
ated the  numerous  inhabitants  of  that 
large  idand  ;  14  years  after  the  difcov- 
ery of  thefe  illands,  not  one  perfon  re- 
mained in  any  of  the  Bahamas.  At  this 
time  Charles  II.  granted  the  Bahamas 
to  the  proprietors  of  Carolina.  They 
fent  feveral  governors,  and  built  the 
town  of  Naflau,  which  is  now  the  feat 
of  govc-nment  in  the  I.  of  Providence. 
The  ifland  of  Providence  afterwards 
became  an  harbour  for  pirates,  who, 
for  a  :ong  tijne,  infefted  the  American 
navigation.  In  1718,  Capt.  Woods 
Rogers  was  fent  out  to  di (lodge  the 
pirates,  and  form  a  fettlement.  This 
the  captain  etfe<il:ed ;  and  the  iflands 
have  been  improving  fince  by  a  (low 
progrefs.  In  time  of  war,  the  people 
gain  confiderably  by  the  prizes  con- 
demned there  ;  and  in  the  courfe  of 
the  prefent  war  between  Great-Britain 
and  France,  numbers  of  American  vef- 
fe!s,  carrying  provilions  and  (lores  to 
French  ports,  have  been  carried  in  and 
condemned  ;  and  at  all  times  they 
profit  by  the  wrecks  which  are  frequent 
in  this  labyrinth  of  rocks  and  ihoals. 
The  Spaniards  and  Americans  captured 
thefe  iflands  during  the  laft  war  ;  but 
they  were  retaken  April  7, 178.^.  The 
Bahamas  are  faid  to  be  .^co  in  number ; 
fome  of  them  only  rocks,  others  very 
low  and  narrow,  or  little  fpots  of  land 
on  a  level  with  the  water's  edge  ;  but 
12  «f  them  are  large  and  fertile,  fome 


BAH 

indeedrocky  and  barren.  Five  of  then^ 
only  are  inhabited,  viz.  Providence, 
Harbor,  Eleuthera,  Cat,  and  Exuma  ; 
Turk's  iflands  have  about  500  men  in 
the  flit  feafon,  but  at  other  times  half 
of  them  return  to  Bermuda. 

The  principal  ifland  which  has  given 
its  name  to  the  whole  duller  is  Great 
Bahama,  in  the  Northern  Bank,  called 
the  Little  Bank  of  Bahama,  wh  ife  fitua- 
tion  is  E.  and  W.  about  ao  leagues 
from  the  coaft  of  Florida.  At  i  little 
diftance  to  the  E.  is  Lucayonei^ue,  of 
nearly  the  fame  fize,  whofe  iituation  is 
N.  and  S.  To  the  N.  of  both  i's  Lu- 
cayo,  which  liesE.  and  W.  A  channel 
of  8  or  10  leagues  feparates  the  Little 
Bank,  from  the  Great  Bank,  in  which 
■  Providence  I.  with  the  great  ifland  of 
Alahafler,  which  has  Earbor  I.  on  the 
N.  Cape.  Andros  iflands  are  on  the 
S.  W.  of  Providence,  which  take  up  a 
fpace  of  .^o  leagues  long  and  5  broad. 
Towards  the  S.E.  are  Stocking,Exumat 
and  Yumn,  or  Long  Ifland.  Guanahani, 
or  Cats  I.  the  firft  difcovered  in  Ame- 
rica, lies  E.  of  the  Great  Bank,  and  is 
feparated  from  it  by  Exuma  Sound. 

The  climate  of  thefe  iflands  is  tem- 
perate and  the  air  healthy.  On  the 
coafts  is  found  ambergrife  ;  and  the  in- 
habitants catch  great  quantities  of  grten 
turtle.  The  OHly  article  cultivated  for 
exportation  n  cotton  ;  of  which  the 
medium  export  is  1,500  bags  of  z  cwt. 
each.  In  1787,  there  were  4,500  acres 
in  cotton.  In  1785,  1786,  and  178;, 
which  were  favorable  years,  each  acre 
produced  about  iizlbsv  It  is  very  lia- 
ble to  be  deftroyed  by  the  worms ; 
between  Sept.  and  March,  1788,  no 
lefsthan 280 tons weredeftroyed.  Thefi 
iflands  alfo  produce  a  great  quantity  d 
dying  woods,  and  fome  lignumvitx 
and  mahogany ;  and  lie  between  2z. 
and  27.  N.  lat.  and  73.  and  81.  \V. 
long.  In  1773,  there  were  205a  white, 
and  2241  black,  inhabitants  ;,  but  ot 
late  years  there  has  been  a  confiderablc 
emigration  from  North  America,  fo  that 
the  precife  number  cannot  be  given. 

Bahama,  the  chief  of  the  Bahama 
iflands,  is  about  20  leagues  from  the' 
coaft  of  Florida,  and  about  to  W.  fron 
the  ifland  of  Lucayo.  It  is  ibout  %% 
kagues  long  and  3  broad,,  is  very  fruit- 
ful, has  a  ferene  air,  and  is  watered 
with  multitudes  of  fprings  and  brooks. 
It  formerly  produced  great  quantities 


>1 


^w 


H 

:ii.  rive  of  them 
viz.  Providenct; 
at,  and  Exuma  ; 
bout  500  men  in 
other  times  half 
muda. 

1  which  has  given 
e  clutter  is  Great 
>crn  Bank,  called 
ania,  wh  ife  fitua- 
ibout  ao  '<;agues 
irida.  At  i  little 
5  Lucayoneque,  of 
tvhoi'e  lituation  is 
"ij.  of  both  is  Lu- 
l  W.  A  channel 
)arates  the  Little 
:  Bank,  in  which 
the  great  ill  and  01 
Harbor  I,  on  the 
lands  are  on  the 

which  take  up  a 
)ng  and  5  broad. 
Stocking, Exuma  y 
and.   Guanahani, 
fcovered  in  Ame- 
reat  Bank,  and  is 
Exuma  Sound, 
jfe  iflands  is  tem- 
lealthy.    On  the 
grife  ;  and  the  in- 
luantities  of  green  j 
icle  cultivated  for  j 
of  which  the; 
DO  bags  of  z  cwt. 
:  were  4,500  acres  j 

1786,  and  178;, 
;  years,  each  acre ! 
3S,    It  is  very  lia-  a^ 

by  the  worms ;  m 
March,  1788,  noi 
deftroyed.  Thefi 

great  quantity  d' 
fome  lignumvitx 

lie  between  tz,,, 

7.V  and  81.  \V. 

wereaoja  white,  ^ 
abitants  ;,  but  of 
;en  a  confiderablc 
hAmerica,  fothat 
nnot  be  given. 
f  of  the  Bahama ' 
leagues  from  thet 
ibout  10  W.  from  1 
.    It  is  about  %%  i 
•oad,,is  very  fruit- 
,  and  is  watered- 
rings  and  brook?, 
i  great  quantities  | 
oi'i'- 


I  B  A  L 

<offaflafras,  farfaparilla  and  redwood, 
which  were  all  deftroyed  by  the  Span- 
iards. Its  chief  produce,  now,  is  cot- 
ton, Indian  wheat,  fowls,  and  a  partic- 
ular kind  of  rabbits :  they  have  fupplies 
of  other  provifions  from  the  continent. 
.Their  chief  commerce  confifts  in  fur- 
iiilhing  with  provifions,  fuch  Ihips  as 
lire  driven  in  here  by  bad  weather.  It 
is  fituated  on  the  fand  bank,  called 
tittle  Bahama  Bank,  which  extends 
aorthward  60  miles.  The  Strait  of 
Bahama,  or  Gulf  of  Florida,  lies  be- 
ireen  the  coaft  of  Florida  and  this 
land.  The  Spanilh  fhips  from  the 
[avannah  homeward,  are  obliged  to 
/ait  an  opportunity  to  pafs  this  ftrait ; 
Jiind  the  ftrait  is  16  leagues  broad,  and 

'^5  Jong-  .   , 

t    Bah  I  A,  or  Bay,  fometimcs  applied 

to  St.  Salvadore,  the  capital  of  Brazil, 
«nd  to  the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  in  whick 
«aptainlhlp  it  is  fituated. 
<  BahiadeChetumel, called  by  the 
tSritilh  Hanover  Bay,  lies  on  the  E.  fide 
of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan  in  the  fea  of 
"^Honduras,  and  into  which  falls  Honde 
R.  It  has  the  Logwood  Country  on 
the  S.  At  its  mouth  are  two  large 
ii^flands  and  a  number  of  iflots.  The 
[argeft  illand  is  Ambergrife  Key,  which 
ms  along  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  and  is 

>  miles  long. 

Bairdstown,  or  Beardjlonun,  in 
fNelfon  CO.  Kentucky,  is  a  flourilhing 
jtown,  of  '^16  inhabitants,  fituated  on 
jthe  head  waters  of  Salt  river,  50  miles 
IS.  E.  from  Louifville,  and  nearly  the 
I  fame  diftance  S.  W.  from  Danville. 

Bakers  FIELD,  a  newly  fettled  town- 
fhip  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont,  formerly 
\n  Chittenden  co.  In  1790  it  had  only 
1 13  inhabitants 

Bakerstown,  in  Cumberland  co. 
Diftrift  of  Maine,  contains  1276  inhabi- 
tants }  i6z  miles  N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

Balclutha,  a  fettlement  in  the 
eafternmoft  part  of  Kentucky,  ^  the 
|W.  fide  of  Big  Sandy  R.  Near  ihis  is 
jciay  Lick, and  about  a  rale  S.  E.  ftands 
iVancouver's  Fort,  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  fork  of  the  Big  Sandy. 

Bald  £  A  G  L  E,  or  Warrior  Mountains, 
lie  about  200  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
,in  Bedford  co.  Pennfylvania,  and  forms 
[the  weftern  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle 
Valley. 

Bald  Eagle  is  likewife  the  name  of  a 
river  which  runs  a  N.E.  courfe  44  miles 


B  A  L 

and  falls  into  the  W.  branch  of  Snfquc- 
hanna  R.    The  head  water  of  Huron 
R.  which  falls  into  Lake  Erie,  is  called  , 
Bald  Eagle  Creek. 

Bald  Eagle  Valley,  or,  as  it  is 
commonly  caWtA,  Sinking Sprinsr  Valley, 
lies  upon  the  frontiers  of  Bedford  co. 
in  Pennfylvania,  about  200  miles  W. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  has  on  the  E.  a 
chain  of  high,  rugged  mountains,  call- 
cd  the  Canoe  Ridge,  and  on  the  W.  the 
Bald  Eagle,  or  Warrior  Mts.  This  is 
a  pleafant  vale,  of  limeftone  bottom,  5 
miles  in  extent  where  wideft  ;  and  in 
the  vicinity  are  great  quantities  of  lead 
ore.  It  contained,  in  1 7  79,  about  60  or 
70  families,  living  in  log-houfes,  who 
formed,  in  the  fpace  of  7  or  8  years, 
feveral  valuable  plantations,  fome  of 
which  are  remarkably  agreeable  on  ac- 
count of  their  fituation. 

During  the  late  war  with  Great-Brit- 
ain, lead  was  much  wanted,  and  very 
difficult  to  be  procured,  which  induced . 
a  company,  under  the  promifes  of  the 
ftate,  to  fettle  here,  and  eftablifh  a  reg- 
ular fet  of  works.  A  fort  of  logs  was 
eredted  for  the  proteftion  of  the  miners ; 
and  a  confiderable  quantity  of  ore  was 
produced,  from  which  lead  enough  was 
made,  to  give  a  competent  idea  of  the 
real  value  of  the  mines  in  general.  The 
danger  of  the  fituation,  however,  while 
an  Indian  war  continued,  occafioned 
the  failure  of  the  undertaking. 

The  lead  ore  was  of  many  kinds  ; 
fome  in  broad  flakes,  and  others  of  the 
fteely  texture.  Several  regular  fhafits 
were  funk  to  a  confiderable  depth  ;  one 
of  which  was  on  the  hill,  upon  which 
the  fort  was  erefted,  and  from  which 
many  large  maffcs  of  ore  were  procur- 
ed ;  but,  not  forming  a  regular  vein,  it 
was  difcontinued,  and  another  opened 
about  a  mile  from  the  fort,  nearer  to 
Frank's  Town.  Here  the  miners  con- 
tinued until  they  finally  relinquifhed 
the  bufinefs.  When  they  firft  began* 
they  found  in  the  upper  furface  or  ve- 
getable earth,  feveral  hundred  weight  of 
cubic  lead  ore,  clean  and  unmixed  with 
any  fubftance  whatever,  which  continu- 
ed as  a  clue,  leading  them  down  thro' 
the  different  ftrata  of  earth,  marl,  &c. 
until  they  came  to  the  rock,  which  is 
here  in  general  of  the  limeftone  kind. 

Among  other  curiofities  of  this  place, 
is  that  called  the  Swallows,  which  ab- 
forb  feveral  of  the  largeft  ftreams  of  the 

valley. 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


ii 


i  f  J'  I 


valley,  and  after  conveying  them  feveral 
miles  under  ground,  in  a  fubterraneous 
courfe,  return  them  again  upon  the  fur- 
face.  Thefe  fubterraneous  palTages 
have  given  rife  to  the  name.  Sinking 
Spring  Valley.  Of  thefe  the  moft  re- 
markable is  called  the  Arcb  Springs, 
and  run  clofe  upon  the  road  from  the 
town  to  the  fort.  It  is  a  deep  hollow, 
formed  in  the  limeftone-rock,  about  30 
feet  wide,  with  a  rude  natural  ftone 
arch  hanging  over  it,  forming  a  paflage 
for  the  water,  which  it  throws  out  with 
fome  degree  of  violence,  and  in  fuch 
plenty  as  to  form  a  fine  ftream,  which 
at  length  buries  itfelf  again  in  the  bow- 
els of  the  earth.  Some  of  thefe  pits  are 
near  300  feet  deep  ;  the  water  at  the 
bottom  feems  in  rapid  motion  ;  and  is 
apparently  as  black  as  ink  ;  though  it 
is  as  pure  as  the  fineft  fprings  can  pro- 
duce. Many  of  thefe  pits  are  placed 
along  the  courfe  of  this  fubterraneous 
river,  which  foon  after  takes  an  oppor- 
tunity of  an  opening  at  a  declivity  of 
the  ground,  and  keeps  along  the  fuitace 
among  the  rocky  hills  for  a  few  rods, 
then  enters  the  mouth  of  a  large  cave, 
vrhofe  exterior  aperture  would  be  fuf- 
ficient  to  admit  a  Ihallop  with  her  fails 
full  fpread.  In  the  infide  it  keeps  from 
18  to  »o  feet  wide.  The  roof  declines 
as  you  advance,  and  a  ledge  of  loofe, 
rugged  rocks,  keeps  in  tolerable  order, 
on  one  fide,  affording  means  to  fcram- 
ble  along.  In  the  midft  of  this  cave  is 
much  timber,  b-dies  of  trees,  branches, 
&c.  which  being  lodged  up  to  the  roof 
of  this  palTage,  fhews  that  the  water  is 
fwelled  up  to  the  very  top  during  frefh- 
ets.  This  opening  in  the  hill  continues 
about  4C0  yards,  when  the  cave  wid- 
ens, after  you  have  got  round  a  fudden 
turning  (which  p'-e-'cnts  its  being  dii- 
covered  till  you  are  ..  "*hin  it)  into  a 
fpacious  room,  at  the  bottom  of  which 
is  a  vortex,  the  water  that  falls  into  it 
whirling  round  with  amazing  force  j 
flicks,  or  even  pieces  of  timber,  are 
immediately  abforbed,  and  carried  out 
of  fight,  the  water  boiling  up  with  ex- 
ceffive  violence,  which  fubfides  by  de- 
grees, until  the  experiment  is  renewed. 
From  the  top  of  the  Bald  Eagle 
Mountains  is  a  fine  profped  of  thofe  of 
the  Allegany,  ftretching  along  until  they 
feem  to  meet  the  clouds.  Much  flate 
is  found  here,  with  ftrong  figns  of  pit 
coal.     Such  as  vifit  thefe  partg  muft 


crofs  the  Juniata  river  3  or  4  times, 
ft-om  Standing  Stone  or  Huntington,  to 
the  fort ;  from  which  it  is  computed  to 
be  about  az  miles  diftance. 

Bald  Mountains.    See  Tenejfee. 

Bald  Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  River,  N.  Carolina,  is  at  the  S.  W. 
end  of  Smith's  I.  and  with  Oak  I.  forms 
the  main  entrance  into  the  river.  The 
light-houfe,  which  was  erefted  here  in 
Dec.  1794,  bears  4  miles  N.  N.  W. 
from  the  point  of  Cape  Fear,  and  44 
miles  N.  W.  by  N.  from  the  extremity 
of  the  Frying  Pan  flioal. 

Bald  Head  makes  the  S.  W.  pact 
of  what  is  called  Wells  Bay,  in  the  Dif- 
tridft  of  Maine.  Between  Cape  Neddick 
harbour  on  the  S.  S.  W.  and  Wells 
Bay  are  feveral  coves,  where  fmall  vef- 
fels  in  a  fr.iooth  time,  and  with  a  weft- 
eriy  wind,  haul  alhore,  and  are  loaded 
with  wood  in  the  courfe  of  a  tide,  with 
cafe  8;id  fafety. 

Baldivia,  or  Faldivia,  a  feaport 
town  in  the  province  of  Cliili  Proper 
in  the  kingdom  of  Chili,  S.  America.  It 
was  built  by  the  Spanilh  general  Baldivia 
abouttheyear  1551,  andftands  between 
the  rivers  Callacalles  and  Portero,  where 
they  fall  into  the  S.  Sea.  In  the  year 
1559,  the  Chilefe  chafed  the  Spaniards 
from  this  fettlement,burned  the  town,& 
put  the  inhabitants  to  the  fword  ;  pour- 
ing melted  gold  down  the  governor's 
throat  when  alive,  and  afterwards  ufed 
his  fkull  for  a  cup  to  drink  in.  There 
are  many  gold  mines  here,  and  the 
Spaniards  have  fortified  the  place 
ftrongly,  as  it  is  fuppofed  to  be  the  key 
of  the  S.  Seas.  The  whites  of  Peru 
and  Chili,  banifhed  for  their  crimes,  are 
fent  hither  to  fupport  the  fortifications. 
The  Dutch  made  themfelves  mafters  of 
it  in  1643  ;  but  were  forced  to  abandon 
it,  leaving  all  their  cannon,  30  or  40 
pieces,  baggage  and  ftores  ;  on  advice 
that  fuccours  were  arriving  to  oppofo 
them  from  Peru.  The  viceroy  lends 
30,000  crowns  a  year,  to  fupport  the 
garrifon.  There  are  great  rains  here 
during  3  months  of  the  year.  S.  lat, 
3a.  38,  W.  long.  73.  20. 

Baldivia  is  alfo  the  name  of  a  river 
in  Chili. 

Balize,  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Mif- 
fifippi  River. 

Balleze,  Bnllize,  or  Wallis,  a  riv- 
er in  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  New- 
Spain,  which  runs  N.,eafteriy  above 


^w 


'  3  or  4  times, 

r  Huntington,  to 

t  is  computed  to 

nee. 

»ee  Tenejfee. 

mouth  of  Cape 
s,  is  at  the  S.  W. 
'ith  Oak  I.  forms 
the  river.  The 
1  erefted  here  in 
niles  N.  N.  W. 
)e  Fear,  and  24 
>m  the  extremity 
il. 

1  the  S.  W.  part 
3  Bay,  in  the  Dif- 
:n  Cape  Neddick 

W.  and  Wells 
where  fmall  vef- 
ind  with  a  weft- 
,  and  are  loaded 
ie  of  a  tide,  with 

'/■w'fl,  a  feaport 
of  Chili  Propel*, 
i, S.America.  It 
I  general  Baldivia 
d  Hands  between 
dPortero,  where 
ca.  In  the  year 
ed  the  Spaniards 
rned  the  town,& 
"le  fword ;  pouf- 

the  governor's 

afterwards  iifed 

irink  in.     There 

here,  and  the 
fied  the  place 
fed  to  be  the  key 

whites  of  Peru 
their  crimes,  are 
he  fortifications, 
il'dves  mafters  of 
)rced  to  abandon 
innon,  30  or  40 
ores  ;  on  advice 
iving  to  oppoft 
le  viceroy  lends 
,  to  fupport  tliti 
great  rains  here 
he  year.  S.  lat, 
0. 
name  of  a  river 

le  mouth  of  Mif- 

or  Wallist  a  riv- 
Yucatan,  New- 
.,eafter^y  above 

5C8 


F  A  L 

too  miles,  and  empties  into  the  bay  of 
lionduras,  oppofite  the  N.  end  of  Tur- 
^eff  inand.  By  the  treaty  of  peace  in 
i783  it  is  agreed  that  Britifli  fubjefts 
'piali  have  the  right  of  cutting  and  car- 
/ing  away  logwood  in  the  diftridt  ly- 
(ig  between  this  river  and  that  of  Rto 
londe,  on  the  N.  which  falls  into  Han- 
irer  Bay,  The  courfe  of  the  rivers  are 
to  be  the  unalterable  boundaries. 
:<  Balltown,  a  townfhip  in  Saratoga 
Cih  New-York,  formerly  in  Albany  <-o. 
contained  in  1790,  73.33  inhabi- 
nts,  including  69  (laves.  By  the  ftate 
Infus  in  1796,  there  appears  to  be 
56  eleftors  in  this  townfhip.  It  lies 
miles  N.  of  Albany,  has  a  Prefty- 
trian  meeting-houfe,  hnd  is  in  a  thriy- 
ag  ftate. 

!  The  medicinal  waters  called  Balltoivn 
bringj,  from  their  being  found  within 
t>e  limits  of  this  toivn,  are  of  great  ce- 
lebrity, botl  on  account  of  their  heal- 
fcig  virtue,  and  the  fuperior  accommo- 
dation found  near  them  for  valetudina- 
t^ans.  They  are  (ituated  about  i* 
miles  W.  of  Still  Water  ;  14  fi-om  that 
part  of  the  banks  of  the  Hudfon  famous 
ft>r  the  viftory  of  Gen. Gates  overGen. 
Burgoyne  ;  36  N.  of  Albany  ;  30  S.  of 
jLake  George,  and  196  above  the  city  of 
J<revv-Yi)rk.  The  fprings  are  found  in 
■|he  bottom  of  a  valley,  or  excavation, 
forming  a  kind  of  bafon,  of  about  fifty 
,  Jlcrcs  in  extent.  In  this  hollow  grow 
lofty  pines,  which  are  overtopped  by- 
others,  and  rife  at  a  greater  or  lefs  dil- 
tance  above  the  brim  of  this  bafon. 
T  he  woods  are  pretty  w^ell  cleared  near 
"t!ic  fprings.  There  is  a  large  houfe  for 
ptertainraent,with  neat  batliinghoufes, 
ind  fhower  baths  for  the  convenience 
3f  invalids.  Thefe,  as  alfo  the  greateft 
part  of  the  valley,  belong  to  an  emi- 
nent merchant  of  New-York  ;  the 
|argeft  fpring,  however,  belongs  to  the 
[lublic.  Sir  William  Johnfon  made  this 
ttbfervation,  when  he  fold  this  tradt  of 
land  to  private  individuals ;  **  In  tracing 
|he  hiftory  of  thefe  medicinal  fprings, 
could  only  learn  that  an  Indian  chief 
Jilcovered  them  to  a  fick  French  offi- 
er  in  the  early  part  of  their  wars  with 
jic  Engliih.  But  whether  they  were 
^ihcfe  very  fprings  in  this  bafon,  or  thofe 
»t  10  mileg  diftance,  properly  called  the 
Saratoga  Springs,  I  know  not."  The 
[foil  for  half  a  dozen  miles  round  this 
?lacc,  is  poor  and  fandy,  producing  lit- 


B  A  L 

tie  clfe  than  pine  trees,  Jhmb-oaks, 
fern,  and  mullen.  In  the  hills  in  the 
vicinity,  ores  have  been  accidentally 
found,  efpecially  iron  and  copper,  or 
rather  what  the  mineralogifls  call  ft-r- 
ruginous  and  cupreous  pyritej.  The  val- 
ley cf  Balltown  and  its  environs  may  be 
made  an  enchanting  fpot,  equal,  nay, 
fuperior  in  fome  refpedls,  to  any  of  the 
watering  places  in  Europe.  Th^  Kaya- 
dcraflbras  river,  which  is  about  ic  yards 
wide,  gives  feveral  hints  to  the  man  of 
tafte,  to  turn  its  waters  to  the  ufe  and 
beauty  of  the  future  towi\,  which  thefe 
medicinal  fprings  will  one  day  raife  in 
this  place. 

The  medicinal  waters  vhich  bave 
made  this  fpot  fo  famous  of  late,  are 
remarkably  limpid,  confidering  they 
contain  iron,  a  mineral  alkali,  common 
fait,  and  lime.  They  are  brifk  and 
fparkling  like  champaigne.  In  drink- 
ing they  afFedt  the  nofe  and  palate  like 
bottled  beer,  and  fiightly  affeft  the 
4»ead  of  fome  people,  by  their  inebri- 
ating quality.  They  derive  this  exhil- 
erating  quality  from  what  Dr.  Prieftly 
calls  fixed  air,  and  is  that  animating^ 
fometbing  which  gives  adtivity  to  yeaft,' 
and  life  to  malt  liquors.  It  is  uied  in' 
the  neighbourhood  of  tiie  fprings  in- 
ftead  of  yeaft  in  making  bread  ;  and 
makes  it  rife  more  fpeedily  and  effec- 
tually than  any  other  ferment  in  ordi- 
nary ufe.  Horfes  drink  thefe  waters 
with  avidity.  The  ignorant  country 
people  fee,  with  aftonifhment,  that  a 
candle  will  not  burn  near  the  furface 
of  thefe  waters.  Fi(h  and  frogs  are' 
killed  in  a  few  minutes,  and  geefe  and 
ducks  can  only  fwim  in  them  a  few 
minutes,  before  they  expire.  Thefe 
waters  are  apt  to  burft  bottles,  when 
corked  in  very  warm  weather,  efpeci- 
ally during  a  thunder  ftorm  ;  but  with 
care  may  be  tranfported  in  bottles  to 
any  diftance,  They  boil  with  a  very 
moderate  degree  of  heat  ;  they  are 
neverthelefs,  remarkably  cold  ;  for 
when  the  mercury  in  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer  ftood  at  86.  in  the  open 
air,  and  79.  in  the  brook  running  near 
the  fpring,  it  ftood  in  one  of  thefe  mine- 
ral fprings  at  49,  and  in  the  other  at  51, 
The  firft  was  conftantly  fecluded  from  • 
the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  the  laft  always  ex- 
pofed  without  a  covering. 

Phyficians  feldom  dire(^  their   pa- 
tients to  drink  more  than  three  quarts 

of 


Hi 


'I 


I: 


*l"*'l 


ili! 


ti 


■rt 


."ii  ? 


B  A  L 

•f  thefe  waters  in  twelve  hours  ;  but 
fome  drink  the  enormous  quantity  of 
three  gallons,  and  even  more,  in  a  day. 
Cold  as  they  are,  they  may  be  drunken 
with  fafety  in  th«  hotteft  weather. 
They  increafe  every  natural  evacuation ; 
nay,  they  are  cathartic,  diuretic  and 
fudorific,  at  the  fame  time.  On  the 
firft  trial  they  are  apt  to  difagree  with 
many  people,  they  create  uneafincfs  in 
the  ftomach  and  bowels,  and  caufe  a 
heat  in  the  glands  of  the  throat,  until 
they  begin  to  pafs  off  freely  by  the  kid- 
jjeys.  They  then  become  pleafant  and 
operate  agreeably.  They  blacken  the 
teeth  and  alio  the  alvinc  faeces.  They 
are  deemed  a  fpecifie  in  lofs  of  appe- 
tite and  indigeftion.  They  are  highly 
ferviceable  in  hypochondriac  cafes,  in 
obitrudtions,  and  in  the  (lone  and  grav- 
el, and  cutaneous  diforders.  Their 
credit  is  not  fo  well  eftabliihed  in  the 
gout  or  rheumatifm.  They  are  hurt- 
ful in  inflammatory  diforders  and  con- 
sumptions. Their  ufe  occafions  heat 
in  the  glands  of  the  throat,andftiffnefs  of 
the  neck,  and  in  fuch  as  are  fubjedt  to 
the  tooth-ache,  an  aggravation  of  the 
pain.  They  are  a  powerful  and  pre- 
cious remedy  in  the  hands  of  the  ju- 
dicious, but  ought  never  to  be  ufed 
without  the  advice  ofa  fkilful  phyfician. 

Ballstown,  or  Balltowny  a  town- 
fhip  in  Lincoln  co.  Diftridl  of  Maine, 
containing  1072  inhabitants ;  19J  miles 
N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

Baltimore  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies 
between  Patapfco  and  Gunpowder  riv- 
ers, the  former  dividing  it  from  Ann 
Arundel  co.  on  t^  *  S  and  S.  W,  Gun- 
powder and  Li..  Gunpowder  fepa- 
rating  it  from  Hanjrd  co.  on  the  E. 
and  N.  E.  It  has  Frederick  co.  on  the 
W.  and  N.  W.  Pennfylvania  on  the  N. 
and  Chefapeak  Bay  on  the  S.  E.  Be- 
tides the  rivers  which  bound  it,  and 
their  branches,  this  county  has  Back 
and  Middle  rivers,  between  the  two 
former,  but  they  are  rather  arms  of 
Chefapeak  bay,  than  rivers.  Back  R, 
4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Patapfco,  receives 
two  fmall  ftreams  ;  the  N.  wefternmoft 
is  called  Herring  Run.  Middle  R.  has 
little  or  no  fiipply  of  frefh  water.  There 
are  numerous  iron  works  in  this  coun- 
ty ;  and  it  contains  25, 4.';4  inhabitants, 
including  5,877  Haves.  Its  chief  town 
is  Baltimore. 

Bai-timori-,  the  chief  town, in  the 


B  A  L 

above  county,  is  the  largcft  in  the  ftatc 
of  Maryland.  In  fize  it  is  the  fourth, 
and  in  commerce  the  fifth  in  rank  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
N.  fide  of  Patapfco  R.  at  a  fmall  diftancc 
from  its  junction  with  the  Chefapeak. 
The  entrance  of  the  harbour  is  defend- 
ed by  Whctftone  Fort ;  hardly  a  piftol 
Ihot  acrofs,  and  of  courfe  may  eafily  be 
defended  againft  naval  force.  From  the 
head  of  Elk  R.  at  the  head  of  the  bay- 
to  Baltimore,  is  about  60  miles.  The 
town  is  built  around  what  is  called  the 
bafon,  reckoned  one  of  the  fineft  har- 
bors in  America.  The  water  rifes  5  or 
6  feet  at  common  tides.  It  is  divided 
into  what  is  called  the  town  and  Fell's 
Point,  by  a  creek  ;  over  which  are  two 
bridges :  but  the  houfes  extend,  in  an 
irregular  manner,  from  the  one  to  the 
other.  At  Fell's  Point  the  water  is 
deep  enough  for  fliips  of  burden,  but 
fmall  veflels  only  go  up  to  the  town. 

The  fituation  is  low,  and  was  for- 
merly thought  unhealthy,  but,  by  its 
rapid  increafe,  improvements  have 
taken  place,  which  have  corredled  the 
dampnefs  of  the  air,  and  it  is  now  judg- 
ed to  be  tolerably  kealthy.  In  1787, 
it  contained  1955  dwelling  houfes  ;  ot 
which  1200  were  in  the  town,  and  the 
reft  at  Fell's  Point.  It  then  contained 
152  ftoies.  The  number  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  town  and  precinAs,  in 
1791,  were  13,50.^,  including  1,255 
flaves.  The  number  of  houfes  and  in- 
habitants have  been  greatly  increafed 
fince. 

Before  the  emigration  of  the  French 
people  from  Cape  Francois,  and  other 
illands,  the  houfes  had  increafed  to 
2,300.  Thofe  unfortunate  people,  fly- 
ing from  their  mercilefs  countrymen, 
who  had  burned  and  pillaged  their 
cities  and  towns,  and  murdered  their 
relations  and  friends,  found  here  an 
hofpitable  afylum,  after  fuflferings  hard- 
ly paralleled  in  the  annals  of  hiftory. 

Here  are  9  places  of  public  worliup, 
which  belong  to  Roman  Catholics,  Ger- 
man Calvinifts  and  Lutherans,  Epifco- 
palians,  Prefl>yterians,  Baptifts,  Meth- 
odifts,  Quakers,  and  Nicolites,  or  New 
Quakers,  who  all  live  together  in  peace. 
It  is  inhabited  by  people  from  moft 
parts  of  Europe.  The  principal  ftreet 
is  Market  Street,  which  runs  nearly  E. 
and  W.  a  mile  in  length,  parrallel  with 
the  water.    This  is  eroded  by  a  num- 

bt'. 


sfhe 


't* 


■  M 


BAR 


irgcft  in  the  ftatc 
:  it  is  the  fourth, 
ifth  in  rank  in  the 
(ituated  on  tlie 
at  a  fmall  diftance 
h  the  Chefapeak. 
arbour  is  defend- 
t ;  hardly  a  piftol 
iirfe  may  eafily  bt 

I  force.  From  the 
head  of  the  bay 

t  60  miles.  The 
vhat  is  called  the 
of  the  fineft  har- 
ic  water  rifes  5  or 
8.  It  is  divided 
E  town  and  Fell's 
'er  which  are  two 
ifes  extend,  in  an 
n  the  one  to  the 
int  the  water  is 
8  of  burden,  but 
p  to  the  town, 
w,  and  was  for- 
Ithy,  but,  by  its 
rovements  have 
ive  correded  the 
id  it  is  nowjudg- 
althy.  In  1787, 
elling  houfes ;  ot 
le  town,  and  the 
t  then  contained 
ber  of  the  inhabit 
nd  precindts,  in 
including  1,455 
of  houfes  and  in- 
;reatly  increafed 

on  of  the  Frencli 
n9ois,  and  other 
ad  increafed  to  i 
mate  people,  fly- 
efs  countrymen, 
i  pillaged  their 
murdered  their 
found  here  an 
r  fufferings  hard- 
nals  of  hiftory. 
"public  worlhip, 

II  Catholics,  Ger- 
therans,  Epifco- 

Baptifts,  Meth- 
ficolites,  or  New 
ogether  in  peace, 
ople  from  moll 
e  principal  ftreet 
h  runs  nearly  E. 
th,  parrallel  with 
ofi'cd  by  a  num- 
bei 


i 


^cr  of  other  ftreets,  which  run  from 

the  water  ;  a  number  of  which,  partic- 

jlarly  Calvert  and  Gay  ftreets,  are  well 

built.    N.  and  E.  of  the  town,  the  land 

fifes,  and  prcfents  a  noble  view  of 

Ihe  town  and  bay.     In  1790,  this  city 

awned  a7fliips,  ifnow,  31  brigantines, 

)4  fchooners,  and9  floops — Total  102; 

Itonnage  13,564.    The  exports  in  the 

ii^nie  year  amounted  to  3,017,770,  and 

|hc  imports  to  1,945,899  dollars.    The 

ifpcports  in  July,  Augult,  and  Sept.  in 

790,  amounted  only  to  343,584  dol- 

irs  ;  but  in  thefe  months  in  1795,  they 

pnounted  ta  1,675,748  dollars.    The 

flairs  of  the  town  are  managed  by  a 

board  of  town  commiflioners,  a  board 

jf  fpecial  commiflioners,  and  a  board 

of  wardens  ;  the  firft  board  fills  its  own 

kracancie»,  and  is  peipetual ;  the  two 

|aft  are  appointed  by  eleftors,  chofen 

pvery  5  th  year  by  the  citizens.    It  is 

f3  miles  S.  W.  from  Elktown,  176  N. 

T.  fi'om  Richmond  in  Virginia  ;  50  N. 

!.  from  the  city  of  WafhingtOH,  and 

I103  S.  W.  from  Philadelphia*    N.  lat. 

,'39.  21.  W.  long.  77. 48. 

i    Bangor,  a  townfhip  in  Hancock  co. 

JDiftrid  of  Maine,  on  the  weftern  fide 

of  Penobfcot  R.  45    miles  from  its 

,jnouth  at  Belfaft  Bay ;  65  N.  W.  by 

<  W.  from  Machias ;  63  N.  E.  from  Hal- 

vlowell,  and  a 80  N.  E.  from  Boft^hi. 

Banks,  Port,  a  harbour  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  America,  S.  eafterly  from 
Cape  Edgecombe,  and  N.  wefterly  from 
Sea  Otter  Sound. 

Bann,  a  townftiip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Baracoa,  a  feaport  town  in  the  N. 
IE.  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the 
W.  Indies ;  50  miles  N.  E.  of  St.  Jago 
|de  Cuba.  N.  lat.  41.  W.  long.  76.  10. 
Branco  de  Malambo,  a  town  in 
the  province  of  St.  Martha,  in  Terra 
I  Firma,  S.America.  It  is  a  place  of 
[great  trade,  and  feated  on  the  river 
I  Magdalen,  75  miles  N.  of  Carthagena, 
land  is  a  biftiop's  fee.  It  has  a  good 
jharbor.  N.  lat.  11.40.W.  long.  75.  30. 
Baraquicimito,  a  town  in  Terra 
?irma,  S.  America,  in  the  province  of 
-aracas,  and  in  the  head  waters  of 
lOroonoco  R.  about  80  miles  S.  from 
fValencia,  and  175  N.  W.  from  Calabe- 
za.    N.  lat.  8.  ss-  W.  long.  66.  ss- 

Barbadoes,  one  of  the  Caribbee 
[iOands,  belonging  to  Britain,  ar  .1  next 
to  Jamaica  for  importance  in  the  W. 


BAR 

Indies.  It  is  about  21  miles  in  length 
from  High  Point,  its  northern  extremi- 
ty, to  South  Point ;  and  14  in  breadth* 
from  the  Chair  near  Kitridgc  Bay  E« 
to  Valiant  Royalift  Fort,  W.  and  con- 
tains 106,470  acres  of  land,  moft  of 
which  is  under  cultivation.  It  lies  10 
leagues  E.  from  St.  Vincent,  which  may 
be  feen  in  a  clear  day ;  25  from  St. 
Lucia ;  28  S.  £.  from  Martinico  ;  6q 
N.  E.  from  Trinidad,  and  100  S.  E. 
from  St.  Chriftopher's.  It  it  divided 
into  5  diftridls,  and  1 1  parifhes  ;  and 
contains  4  towns,  viz.  Bridgetown,  the 
capital ;  Oftins,  or  Charleftown ;  St. 
James,  formerly  called  the  Hole  ;  and 
Speights  Town.  The  names  of  the 
pariflics  are  St.  Lucy's,  St.  Peter's,  St. 
James's,  St.  Andrew's,  St.  Thomas's, 
St.  Jofeph's,  St.  John's,  St.  George's, 
St.  Michael's,  St.  Philip's,  and  Chrift 
Church. 

Its  foil  muft  be  allowed  to  be  highly 
fertile,  if  it  be  true,  that  it  contained 
in  1670,  50,000  whites,  and  100,000 
blacks ;  whofe  labors  employed  60,000 
tons  of  (hipping.  This  is  thought  to 
be  exaggerated  ;  but  it  is  certain  that 
its  population  has  decreafed  rapidly. 
In  1786  the  numbers  were  16,167 
whites;  838  free  people  of  color,  and 
62,115  negroes.  The  exports,  on  an 
average,  of  1784, 1785,  and  1786,  had 
fallen  to  9,554  hhds.  of  fugar;  5448 
puncheons  of  rum ;  6320  bags  of  gin- 
ger ;  8331  bags  of  cotton,  exclufive  of 
fmall  articles,  as  aloes,  fweet  meats,  &c. 
In  the  year  ending  the  5  th  of  January, 
1788,  243  veffels  cleared  outwards  ; 
and  the  London  market  price  of  their 
cargoes  in  fter.  money,  amounted  to 
1^539,605-14-10 ;  of  which  the  value 
exported  to  the  United  States,  was 
jCa,'?>ai7-i3-4'  That  the  dreadful  fuc- 
ceflion  of  hunicanes,  with  which  thi« 
and  the  other  W.  India  iflands  have 
been  vifited,  for  many  years  paft,  haa 
contributed  to  this  great  defalcation, 
cannot  be  doubted.  Bridgetown  was 
fcarcely  rifen  from  the  afties  to  which 
two  dreadful  fires  had  reduced  it,  when 
it  was  torn  from  its  foundations,  and 
the  whole  country  made  a  fccne  of  def- 
olation,  by  the  ftorm  of  the  loth  of 
0£t.  1780,  in  which  no  lefsthan  4326 
of  the  inhabitants,  bVacks  and  whites, 
miferably  periihed  ;  and  the  damage 
done  to  property  was  computed  at 
iCi»3ao»j64-iJ'  ftc*"'    The  force  of  the' 

win4 


■'» 


iiiiii 

I  It  111! 


BAR 

wind  was  at  one  place  lb  great  as  to 
lift  lome  pieces  of  cannoii,  with  their 
carriages,  I'everal  paces  from  the  ram- 
parts. The  trade  of  this^and  fome 
others  of  tlie  iflandsyfuflers  coufiderably 
by  a  duty  of  4  J  per  cent,  on  exported 
produce  ;  out  of  which,  however,  the 
governor's  falary,  £2000  a-year,i8  paid. 
The  crown  acquired  tliis  revemfc  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  which  the  planters 
agreed  to,  in  order  to  fecure  pofllffions 
to  which  they  had  uncertain  titles. 

Barbadoes  was  probably  dilcovercd 
firft  by  the  Portuguefe.  It  is  ufually 
ranked  among  the  Windward  divilion 
of  the  Caribbees,  being  a  day  or  tvro's 
ikil  from  Surinam.  From  its  being  the 
firft  difcovered  of  any  of  thefe  iflands, 
it  is  called  Mother  of  the  Sugar  Colonies. 
The  firft  of  the  Englilh  who  are  known 
to  have  landed  here,  were  the  crew  of 
the  On-ve  Blojfom,  fitted  cut  by  Sir 
Olive  Leigh,  m  1605.  It  was  found 
abfolutely  delblate  ;  nor  had  it  the  ap- 
pearance of  having-  been  peopled  even 
by  the  moft  barbarous  Indians.  The 
idand  is  fortified  by  nature,  all  along 
the  windward  ihore,  by  rocks  and  flioals, 
fo  as  to  be  almoft  inacceflible  ;  on  the 
leeward  fide  it  has  good  harbors ;  but 
the  whole  coaft  is  protefted  by  a  good 
line,  of  feveral  miles  in  length,  and 
feveral  forts  to  defend  it,  at  the  moft 
material  places.  The  military,  civil, 
and  religious-  eftablifliments  are  well 
provided  for.  Here  is  a  college  found- 
ed by  Col.  Codrlngton  ;  the  only  infti- 
tution  of  the  kind  in  the  W.  Indies  ; 
but  it  has  not  anfwered  the  intention  of 
the  founder.  The  houfes  of  the  plant- 
ers are  very  thickly  fown  all  along 
the  country,  which,  with  the  lux- 
uriant produAions  of  the  foil,  and  the 
gently  fwelling  hills,  form  s.  delightful 
fcene. 

The  earlieft  planters  of  Barbadoes 
were  fomctimei  reproached  with  the 
guilt  of  forcing  or  decoying  into  flave- 
ry,  the  Indians  of  the  neighboring  con- 
tinent. The  hiftory  oi  Inkle  and  Tart- 
coi  which  the  Spectator  has  recorded 
for  the  deteftation  of  mankind,  took 
its  rife  in  this  illand ;  but  happil|r  this 
fpecies  of  flavery  was  foon  abohihed. 
The  Barbadoes  tar  is  a  particular  pro- 
dudtioQ  of  this  ifl  and.  It  rifes  out  of 
the  eatth»  and  fwims  on  tlie  furface  of 
the  water.  It  is  of  great  ufe  in  the  dry 
belly-ache»  and  in  dHeafes  of  the  breaft. 


BAR 

The  capital,  Bridgetown,  lies  ill  K. 
hit.  13.  10.  W.  long.  59. 

Bakuaka,  St.  an  ifland  on  the  coafl 
of  Brazil.  Alfo  the  chief  town  of  Ncw- 
Bifcay,  audience  of  Galicia.New  Spain, 
N.  America, 

Barbk,  St.  a  town  of  Mexico,  in 
New  Bifcay,in  the  vicinity  of  whici;  arc 
very  rich  fiiver  mines.  It  lies  joo  miles 
N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  N.  lat. 
a6.  10.  W.  long.  no.  j. 

Barbuda,  or  Barboutbes,  ont  of  the 
Caribbee  iilands,  35  miles  N.  of  An- 
tigua, and  53  N.E.  of  St.  Cliriftopher's, 
and  is  10  miles  long  and  ij  broad. 
The  natives  apply  themfelves  chiefly 
to  the  breeding  of  cattle,  and  furnifti- 
ing  the  neighbouring  iflands  with  pro- 
vifions.  It  is  fertile,  abounding  in  the 
natural  produdlions  of  the  other  W. 
India  iflands  ;  and  has  a  good  road  for 
fliipping,  but  no  direft  trade  to  Britain, 
It  belongs  to  the  Codrington  family, 
to  whom  it  produces  above  £5000  a- 
yeai.  The  inhabitants  amount  to  a- 
bout  ijod.  N.  lat.  18.  30.  W.  long. 
61.  50. 

Barbue,  Ri-vicre  A  la,  empties  into 
Lake  Michigan,  from  E.  S.  E.  between 
KaiI'm  and  Marame  rivers.  Its  mouth, 
60  yards  wide,  lies  7  a  miles  N.  by  W. 
from  Fort  St.  Jofeph. 

All©,  the  name  of  a  river  which  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Erie,  from  the  N.  by  E. 
40  miles  W.  N.  W.  from  the  extremity 
of  Long  Point  in  that  lake,  and  2a  E. 
by  S.  from  Tonty  R. 

Barkadares,  the  name  of  a  part 
of  the  Logwood  Country,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  thro' 
which  the  river  Balize  runs  into  the 
Sea  of  Honduras.  It  has  Hicks  Keys 
on  the  S.  and  South  Lagoon  on  the  N. 
Lat.  1 7.  4^.  N.  long.  89.  W. 

Ba  iKHAMSTEAD,  a  townfhip  in  the 
north  m  partof  Connedlicut,  in  Litch- 
field c  .  having  Hartland  on  the  N.  and 
Granby  E.  About  is  miles  W,  of 
Hartford. 

Barnard,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  containing  673  inhabit- 
ants. It  has  Stockbridge  wefterly,  and 
gives  rife  to  the  northern  branch  of 
Waterqueche  R.  and  is  65  miles  N.  E. 
of  Bennington. 

Barnaveldt,  an  ifland  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, to  the  S.  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  dif- 
covered in  1616.    S.  lat.  SS'  49'  W* 

long.  66.  58.       .sisBjfai^iaK    : 

X  Ba?.N£GAT 


)Wt. 


Afhcv 

*rhei 

■■'r^^ltis 


^ 


town,  lies  iti  K< 

19- 

fland  on  the  coaft 

lief  town  of  New- 

ilicia,New  Spain, 

n  of  Mexico,  in 

inityof  whieii  are 

It  lies  500  miles 

Mexico.    N.  lat. 

5' 

outbes,  one  of  the 
miles  N.  of  An- 
St.  Cliriftopher's, 
g  and  la  broad. 
Iicmfelves  chiefly 
ttle,  and  furnifli- 
ifiands  with  pro- 
abounding  in  the 
of  the  other  W, 
18  a  good  road  for 
il  trade  to  Britain, 
jdrington  family, 
above  /I5000  a- 
its  amount  to  a- 
18.  30.  W.  long, 

\  la,  empties  into 

E.S.E.  between 

vers.    Its  mouth, 

z  miles  N.  by  W. 

river  which  emp- 
rom  the  N.  by  E. 
om  the  extremity 
t  lake,  and  22  £■ 

name  of  a  part 
intry,  on  the  E. 
of  Yucatan,  thro' 
ze  runs  into  the 
;  has  Hicks  Keys 
^agoon  on  the  N. 
89.  W. 

a  townfliip  in  the 
ledlicut,  in  Litch- 
md  on  the  N.  and 

25  miles  W.  of 

ifliip  in  Windfor 
ling  673  inhabit- 

dge  wefterly,  and 
rthern  branch  of 

is  65  miles  N.  E. 

ifland  of  S.  Ame- 

:a  del  Fuego,  dif- 

lat.  55.  49*  W. 

Bap.negat 


IJ  A  R 

BAkNfOAT  tnlet,  called  in  fome 
|nap«,  N.'xu-InUt,  i»  the  paflage  from 
the  fca  into  Flat-Bay-Sound,  on  tJic  S. 
|afttm  coaft  of  New-Jerfty,  68  miles 
,».  E.  from  Cape  May.  N.  lat.  39. 
\l\.  W.  long.  74. 13.  Bamcgat  Beach 
lies  below  this  Inlet,  between  it  and  Lit- 
tle Egg  Harbor,  16  miles  diftant^  S.  W. 
^  Barnegat,  the  name  of  a  fmall  vil- 
ingc  of  8  or  10  houfen,  on  the  ea(l  bank 
<lf  Hudfon  river,  5  miles  S.  of  Pough- 
epfie.and  75N.  of  N  York*  The 
e  buflncfs  oif  the  few  inhabitants  of 
place,  is  burning  lime,  from  the 

Suantities  of  lime  (tone  which  are 
here.    Their  lime  is  marketed 
N.  York,  whither  they  carry  it  in 
reat  quantities  annually; 
Barnet,  a  townfhip  in  Caledonia 
Vermont,  fdrmerly  in  Orange  co; 
jntaining  477  inhabitants,   and  112 
liles  N.  £.  from  Bennington.    The 
)wcr  bar  of  thtf  15  mile  falls  in  Con- 
^edlicut  R.  is  fituated  at  the  N.  £;  cor- 

ter  of  this  townfliip.  Into  that  river 
;  fends  Stephens  R.  which  rifes  in 
Jeachum,  the  adjoining  town  on  the  W. 
.  Barnstable  Co,  lies  upon  the  pe- 
ginfula,  the  point  of  whidh  is  Cape 
Cod,  the  S.  eaftward  point  of  Mafla- 
thufetts  Bay,  oppofite  Cape  Ann^  Cape 
tod  lies  in  N.  lat*  42. 4.  W.  long,  firom 
^Greenwich  70.  14.  and  gives  name  to 
fHic  whole  peninfiila,  vfrhich  is  furround- 
«d  by  water  on  all  fides,  except  the  W. 
where  it  is  bounded  by  Plymouth  co; 
It  is  65  miles  long,  as  the  road  runs, 
from  the  ifthmus  between  Bamftable 
^nd  Buzzard's  Bays  to  Race  Point  ; 
id  its  breadth  for  30  miles  not  more 
lan  3i  and  above  half  the  remainder 
rom  6  to  9  miles.  It  contains  1 1  town- 
lips  and  the  plantation  of  MarHipee  ; 
[laving  2343  houfes,  and  17,354  inhab- 
ints.  Bamftable  was  made  a  fliirc  in 
1 685.  See  Cape  Cod. 
BaKnstable^  the  Mattachee/e,  or 
fattacheefet  of  the  ancient  Indians,  is 
,  port  of  entry  and  poft  town,  and  is 
he  (hire  town  of  Bamftable  co.  It  ex- 
Ipnds  acrofs  the  peninfula,  and  is  wafli- 
]  by  the  fea  on  the  N.  and  S.  having 
indwich,  and  the  diftri<Jt  called  MaWh- 
ce  or  Maihpee  on  the  W.  is  about  5 
kiles  broad,  and  9  long  ;  67  miles  S. 
ifterly  from  Bofton.  Sandy  Neck,  on 
lie  N.  ihore,  runs  £.  almoft  the  len^h 
f  the  town,  and  forms  the  harbor,  em- 
^fomtng  a  large  body  of  fa^t  marfli;. 


]b  A  R 

The  hartor  is  about  a  mile  wide,  aod 
4  long  ;  in  which  the  tide  rifes  from  t 
to  14  feet.  It  has  a  bar  running  off 
N.  E.  from  the  Neck  feveral  milesy 
which  prevents  the  entrance  of  large 
(hips  t  but  fmall  veflels  maf  pafs  any 
part  of  it  at  high  water  ;  and  where  it 
IS  commonly  crofled,  it  feldom  has  left 
than  6  or  7  feet  at  low  water. 

There  is  another  harbor  on  the  S. 
called  Lewis's  Bay.  Its  entrance  ic 
within  Bamftable,  and  it  extends  almoft 
2  miles  into  Yarmouth.  It  is  commo* 
dious  and  fafe,  and  is  completely  land 
locked ;  and  has  5  feet  water  at  a  mid" 
dling  tide. 

A  mile  or  two  to  the  weftward,  and 
near  the  entnnce  of  Lewis's  Bay,  liei 
Hyanis  Road.  It  is  formed  principally 
by  an  ifland,  joined  by  a  beach  to  Yar- 
mouth, which  together,  make  the  out- 
fide  of  the  bajr  before  mentioned.  The 
S.  head  of  this  ifland  is  called  Point 
Gammon.  Oyfter  Bay,  near  the  S. 
W.  limit  of  the  town,  admits  fmall  vel« 
fels  ;  and  which,  with  Lewis't  Bay,  has 
in  years  part  produced  excellent  oyft- 
ers,  in  greac  quantities ;  though  they 
are  now  mucd  reduced. 

There  are  about  20  or  30  ponds  in 
Bamftable;  The  land  here  produces  . 
about  25  bufliels  of  Indian  corn  to  an 
acre,  and  rye  and  other  grain  in  pro- 
portion. Wheat  and  flax  are  cultivat- 
ed ;  the  latter  with  fucccfs.  From  14 
to  18,000  bufliels  of  onions  are  raifed . 
for  the  fupply  of  the  neighboring  towns. 
Upwards  of  100  men  are  employed  in 
the  fifhery,  which  is  yearly  increafing. 
Whales  feldom  come  into  Maflachu" 
fetts  Bay  now,  and  that  fifhery  is  dif- 
continued.  No  quarrels  with  the  an- 
cient natives  of  the  country  are  record- 
ed in  the  accounts  of  this  town,  where  • 
the  Englilh  fettlers  of  New-England 
fifft  landed j  Nov.  1 1 , 1 62*.  The  peo- 
ple, 2610  in  number,  are  generally 
healthy  ;  and  many  inftances  of  I'^ncre- 
vity  are  to  be  met  with.  Numbers  of 
the  farmers  are  occafionally  feamen  ; 
and  this  town  has  afforded,  and  con- 
tinues to  furnifli  many  maftcrs  of  vet 
fels  and  mariners  who  fail  from  other 
ports.    N.  lat.  41.43. 

Barnstkap,  a  townfliip  in  Straflbrd 
CO.  New-Hampftiire,  containing  807 
inhabitants  j  32  miles  N.  W.  of  Portf- 
mouth,  and  16  E.  by  S.  from  Canter- 
bury, on  Conncifticut  R. 

Bar&eV 


I 


■(  - 


BAR 

Bar R F.'.  .1  totrnfliip  in  Worccftcr  co. 
Matfichiiurtts,  containing  lAi.^  inhftbit- 
antu ;  34  milcg  N.  W.  of  Worcefter, 
ami  6&  W.  of  Bofton,  duiiving  its  name 
from  Col.  B.irrc,  a  Britllh  ff  nator,  who, 
on  the  eve  of  the  late  war,  i^lcad  the 
•nafc  of  America,  in  the  Britifh  houfe 
of  commons,  with  great,  but  unfucccfs- 
fiil  cncfj;/.  This  town  has  good  paf- 
ture*,  anil  here  arc  fatted  multitudes 
of  catllt ;  and  it  \»  fuppofedt  more 
butter  atnl  oheefe  is  ciuried  fi"om  hence 
to  the  market,  annualljr,  than  any  other 
tdwn  of  the  lame  fi/.e  m  the  State. 

Barre'iA  town(hip  in  Huntingdon 
«o.  Pennfylvania. 

Barrkll's  Sound,  on  the  N.  W. 
Coail  of  ^Uneria,  called  by  the  natives 
Conget-boi-toi.,  is  frtuated  aboiit  6 leagues 
from  the  foiithem  extremity  of  Wa/h- 
ington,  or  Charlotte  ififtndB,  in  a  N.  W. 
dirctftion,  about  N.  lat.  52.  W.  long. 
131.  flom  Gretinwich.  It  has  two  in- 
lats  ;  one  on  the  E.  the  other  W.  fide 
of  the  ifland  ;  the  latter  is  the  beft.the 
other  is  dangerous.  The  fliores  are  of 
a  craggy  black  rock ;  the  banks  lined 
with  trees  of  various  kind's,  as  pines, 
fpruce,  hemlock,  aider,  &c.  Mr.  Ilof- 
kins,  in  the  fummer  of  1791,  meafured 
one  of  thefc  trees,  which  was  ten  fat h- 
omt  in  circumference.  On  one  fide  of 
it  a  hote  had  been  cut,  large  enough  to 
admit  a  man  ;  within  was  a  fpacious 
and  convenient  room,  which  had  appa- 
rently been  dug  ami  burnt  out  with 
much  labor.  Mr.  Hoflcins  concluded 
that  it  muft  have  bcL  occafionaHy  in- 
habited by  the  natives  ;  as  he  foimd  in 
it  a  box,  fireworks,  dried  wood,  and 
feveral  domeftic  utenfils.  This  fiiund 
■was  named  after  Jofeph  Barrell,  Elq.  of 
Charleftown,  (Maff'.)  and  was  firft 
tifited  by  Capt.  Gray,  in  the  Waftiinj- 
tOn,  in  t789. 

Barren  Creeky  rifes  in  the  N.  W. 
comer  of  Delaware  ftatc,  runs  about 
9  miles  S.  wefterly,  and  empties  into 
!Nanticoke  R.  A  triangular  tradl  of 
land  in  the  N.  part  of  Somerfet  co.  Ma- 
ryland»  is  enclofed  between  this  creek 
on  the  S.  Delaware  ftate  E.  and  Nan- 
ticbke  R.  on  the  W.  and  N.  W. 

Barrek  R.  Both  Big  and  Lltilt 
Barren  rivers,  are  S.  E.  branches  of 
Green  R.  in  Kentucky.  Bhte  Spring 
lies  between  thefe  rivers,  which  fee. 

Barren  /.  a  fmall  ifle  in  Chefapeak 
Bay,  N.  E.  fi-om  the  mouth  of  Patux- 


B  A  R 

cnt  R.  which  \%  feparatcd  from  Hoep< 
ers  I.  by  a  narrow  channeU  on  the  B. 

Barrhtstown,  aplantation  in  Han- 
cock cu.  Diftri<^  of  Maine,  having  x*.; 
inhabitants. 

Barring  row, atownihip, in  Qileens 
cdr  Nova'Scdtia,  on  the  S.  fide  of  the 
bayofFund'^  \  fettled  by  Quakers  fVom 
Nantucket  Ifland. 

Barrington,  a  tovim(hip  in  Straf- 
ford CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  about  30  mile* 
N.  W.  from  Portfmouth,  incorporated 
in  1721,  containing  4470  inhabitants. 
AUum  is  found  here  )  artd  the  firft 
ritlge  of  the  Frojl  Hilht  one  of  the  three 
inferior  fummits  of  Agamenticus^  is 
continued  through  this  town.  Its  fitu- 
atlon  is  Very  healthy  ;  e.g.  14  of  the 
firft  fcttlcrs  in  1733,  were  alive  in  1785, 
who  were  between  80  and  90  years  old. 

Barrington,  a  townfhip  in  Briftol 
CO.  Rhodc-Ifland,  o  j  the  S.  weftern  fide 
of  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Warren  R. 
little  more  than  aj  miles  N.  W  of  War- 
ren, and  about  7  S.  E.  from  Fox  Point, 
in  the  town  of  Providence.  It  contains 
683  inhabitants,  including  n  flates. 

BARRiNGTort,  Great,  is  the  fe- 
cond  townfhip  in  rank  in  Berkfhire  co. 
Mafflichufctts.  It  contain  '373  in- 
habitants, and  ^ies  140  mi'  '.  from 
Bofton,  and  fouth  of  Stoc  ^|  ad- 

joining. 

Barrow  Har&or,  is  an  extenlive 
bay  in  tint  of  Bonavifta,  N'etvfound- 
land  ifland,  divided  by  Keel's  Head  on 
the  E.  from  the  port  of  Bonavifta,  and 
from  Bloody  Bay  on  the  W.  by  a  large 
peninfula,  joined  to  the  ifland  by  a  nar- 
row ifthmus,  which  forms  Newman's 
Sound  ;  which,  as  well  as  Clode  Sound, 
are  within  Barrow  Harbor. 

Bart,  a  port  on  the  fouthom  ooaic 
of  Nova-Scotia. 

■  Bart,-  a  townfhip  iin  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Bartholomew,  St.  a  parifh-  in 
Charlefton  drftrifl",  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 1,138  white  perfona.  By  the 
cenfus  of  1790,  it  contained  xt,6o^  in- 
habitants, of  whom  10,33?  wetieffaves. 
It  fentdfi  3  reprefentatives  and  t  fcnator 
to  the  ftate  Icgiflature.  Amomit  of 
taxes  ;Cr,5  66-10-4  fter. 

Bartholomew,  Ca»e,St.  is  the 
Ibuthemmoft  point  of  Staten  Land,  >» 
Le  Maire  ftrait^,  at  the  S.  crri  of  S. 
America  ;  and  far  Airpalfts  Tern  6t\ 
Fuego  in  its  honible appearance. 

Bartholomevj 


T 


^WH| 


''k 


B  A  b 


»tcd  from  Hoep' 
nnelf  on  the  E. 
ilanUtion  in  Han- 
line,  having  17.; 

/nfhlp.inQjjeens 
:hcS.  fide  of  the 
by  Quaken  from 

)wn{hip  in  Straf- 
es about  30  milet 
jth,  incorporated 
1470  inhabitants. 
}  and  the  firft 
I,  one  of  the  three 
Agamenticus,  is 
B  town.  Its  (\tu- 
;  e.g.  14  of  the 
rete  alive  in  1785, 
.ind  90  years  old. 
iwnfhip  in  Briftol 
he  S.  wcftcrn  fide 
h  of  Warren  R. 
IcRN.WofWar- 
from  Fox  Point, 
ence.  It  contains 
iding  n  flafes. 
tEAT,  is  the  fe- 
k  in  Berkfhire  co. 
:ontain  'a 73  in- 
^o  mi'  '.  from 
Stoc  %  ad- 

is  an  exteniive 
vifta,  N'etvfound- 
y  Keel's  Head  on 
of  Bonavifta,  and 
the  W.  by  a  large 
lie  ifland  by  a  nar» 
forms  Newman'i 
HasClodeSound, 
arbor. 
:he  fouthem  ooaii 

in  Lancafter  co.    '4 

St.  a  parifh^  in 
S.  Carolina*  con- 
perfowu  By  tht 
ntained  tftt6o6  in- 
0,33?  were  (Taves, 
ives  and  t  ienator 
ire.  AmoiKt  of 
er. 

Ca»e^St.  is  the 
f  Staten  Land,  in 
the  S.  end  of  S. 
irpaffts  Tenadcl 
!  appearance. 
BartholomeWi  I 


f  'Barthoi-ombw,  8r.  one  of  the 
gutter  of  iflands,  called  New  He6ri</tj, 
irhich  fee. 

BARTHOf-OMEW,    St.     OtlC    of    thc 

;aribbee  iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  15 
liks  N.  of  St.  Chriftophcr's,  and  jo  N. 
^.  of  Saba,    It  is  reckoned  s  leagues  in 
Circumf^fTcncc,  but  has  little  ground  fit 
'it  manuring.    It  produces  tobacco, 
Hffava,  and  abounds  with  woods.  The 
reesmoft  in  eftecm  arc,  1.  Thc  foap 
fee,  or  aloes  tree.    2.  The  caleback. 
The  canapia,  whole  gum  is  an  ex- 
tent cathartic.    4.   The  parotane, 
^hofe  boughs  grow  downward,  take 
9ot  again,  and  form  a  kind  of  bulwafk 
nd  (trong  defence  in  time  of  attack. 
Lll  along  the  ihore  are  thofe  trees  Cull- 
Sea  Trees,  whofe  boughs  are  cu- 
^ioufly  plaited  together,  and  look  as  if 
Itey  were  glazed.    Here  is  an  infinite 
iriety  of  birds,  and  a  peculiar  kind  of 
ic  ftone,  which  the  inhabitants  export 
the  adjacent  iflands.     They  have 
Ecwife  plenty  of  lignum  vitse  and  iron 
rood.    Its  ihore*i  are  dangerous,  and 
ic  approaching  them  requires  a  good 
ilot ;  but  it  has  an  cxceHent  harbor, 
which  (hips  of  any  fize  are  (heltered 
rom  all  winds.    Half  its  inhabitants 
re  Irifh  Roman  Catholics,  whofe  pre- 
leceiTors  fettled  here  in    1666  ;  the 
Jthers  are  French,  to  whom  the  ifland 
itely  belonged.  It  was  ceded  by  France 
,Jlto  the  crown  of  Sweden  in  1785.  They 
(jjlepend  on  the  fkies  for  water,  which 
Ihey  keep  in  cifterns.    It  was  a  neft  for 
)rivateer»  when  in  the  hands  of  tht 
<rench  ;  and  at  one  time  had  50  Bntiili 
)rizes  in  its  harbor.    N.  lat.  17.  56. 
'.  long.  63.  10. 

Bartlet,  a  plantation  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  CO.  New-Hamplhire,  having  148 
Inhabitants. 
Barton,  a  towniliipin  Orleans  co. 
Vermont,  formerly  in  that  of  Orange, 
jies  S.  W.  of  Brownington ;  6  miles  S. 
V.by  W.  from  Willoughby  Lake,  and 
f40  N.  eafterly  from  Bennington. 

Basin  OF  Minas,  is  a  body  of  water 
>f  conflderable  extent,  and  irregular 
)rm,  fituated  in  Nova-Scotia,  at  the  E. 
Ind  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  ;  and  comietft- 
Id  with  its  N.  £.  branch  by  a  fhort  and 
yarrow  ftrait.  The  country  on  its 
inks  is  generaly  a  rich  foil,  and  is 
wtered  by  many  fnull  rivers.  The 
Spring  tides  rife  here  40  feet. 
PAsiciN&iDGE,  in  Somerfet  co,  New- 


B  AT 

Jerfey,  lies  on  thc  \V.  fide  of  a  N.  W. 
branch  of  PivlFaic  R.  marly  6  miles  N. 
li.  from  Pluckcmin,  and  7  S.  S.  W. 
from  Morriftown.  It  was  here  that 
Col.  lUrcourt  furprifed  and  made  a 
prifoncr  of  Gen.  Lee,  Dec.  13,  1776. 

Bason  Haritrf  lies  on  thc  E.  fide  of 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  townlhip  of 
Ferrifburgh,  Vermont,  4\  miles  S.  wef- 
terly  from  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek. 

Basse  Terre,  the  chief  town  in 
the  illand  of  St.  Chriilopher's,  in  the 
W.  Indies,  fituated  at  the  S.  £.  end  of 
the  I.  It  confifts  of  a  long  ftrect  alon^ 
the  fea  fhore  ;  isaplaceofoonfidenrtjle 
trade,  the  feat  of  government,  and  is 
defended  by  3  batteries.  N.  lat.  17. 
24.  W.  long.  62.  36. 56. 

This  is  alfo  the  name  of  a  part  of  the 
I.  of  Guadaloupe,  in  the  W,  Indies  ; 
between  a  point  of  which  called  Groflc 
Morne,to  that  of  Antigua  in  the  Grande 
Terre,  the  bafon  called  thc  Great  Cul 
de  Sac,  is  5  or  6  leagues  in  length  s 
wherein  is  iafe  riding  for  (hips  ^aU 
rates. 

Bass  Harbor,  Diftrift  of  Maine,  a 
harbor  of  Mt.  Deiert  Ifland,  7  miles 
from  Soil  Cove 

Bastimen  OS,  frnall  iflaiWlSf  near 
the  Ifthmus  of  Darien,  and  ibmewhat 
W.  of  the  Saraballoes  iflands,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  bay  of  Nomtn-e  de  Dios, 
very  near  the  ihore.  Here  admiMi 
Hofier  lay  with  a  Britiihfquadron  many 
years  ago,  when  having  loft  many  of 
his  men,  and  his  fhips  being  ahnoft  rtit- 
ten,  in  an  inadive  itate,  he  died  of  a 
broken  heart.  Lat.  9.  30.  W.  l(>n|[. 
79'  45' 

Batabano,  a  town  on  tlie  S.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  W.  Ini^a  { 
fituated  on  the  fide  of  a  large  bay,  op- 
pofite  Finos  ifles,  and  about  50  milet 
S.  W.  from  the  HavaoniA. 

Batavia,  a  Settlement  In  N.  Yoilc, 
at  the  head  cf  Sohobarie  Creek«  about 
39  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  38  8.  W. 
from  Albany,  and  as  far  N.  W.  of 
Efopus. 

Bath,  a  townihifi  in  Lincoln  co. 
Diftriift  of  Maine,  containiatf  94a  in. 
habitants.  .  It  lies  on  the  W.  £ae  of 
Kennebeck  R.  about  13  aniks  from 
Wifcaflct,  60  N.  £.  from  Portland,  3% 
from  Hallowell,  J3  from  Pownalborol, 
and  t6s  N.  £.  fr'Om  Bofton.  K.  lat. 
43'  49. 

Bath,  a  countf  of  Viit;ima,  about 

6e  miles 


^!l 


m 


if 


BAT 

lf«  mllet  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth  ; 
boi^aded  E.  by~the  county  of  Augufta. 
It  is  noted  for  its  medicinal  fprings» 
called  the  Hot  and  fParm  fprings,  near 
the  foot  of  Jackfon's  Mountain,  whirh 
fee. 

Bath,  a  thriving  town  in  Berlcley  co. 
^rginia,  fituated  at  the  foot  or  the 
Warm  Spring  Mountain.  The  fprings 
in  the  neighbourb  lod  of  this  town,  ^- 
though  lels  efficacious  than  the  Warm 
Springs  in  Bath  co.  draw  upwards  of 
xooo  people  here,  during  fummer,  from 
various  parts  of  the  United  States. 
"The  water  is  little  more  than  milk- 
warm,  and  weakly  impregnated  with 
^pinerals.  The  country  in  the  environs 
is  agrt^eably  diverlifiea  with  hilts  and 
valleys  ;  the  foil  rich,  and  in  good  cul- 
tivation ;  %5  miles  from  Martinfburg, 
and  269  miles  S.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Bath,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhiret  coataining  493  inhabitants. 
It  lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  Connedticut  R. 
^5  miles  N.  £.  by  N.  from  Dartmouth 
College,  and  97  N^  W.  from  Portf- 
moutn." 

B&r  H,  or  Port  Bat&,  an  ancient  town 
in  Hyde  co.  N.  Cairolina,  on  the  N.  fide 
of  Tar  H.  about  24  mile  Vom  Pamp. 
lico  Sound,  61  S-  by  ■*'/ .  of  Edenton, 
and  is  the  port  of  entry  on  Tar  R.  It 
contains  about  la  houfcs,  and  is  rather 
4lfeclining.  N.lat.3if.3i.W.long.77.i5. 

Bath,  a  village  in  the  eaftern  pariih 
of  St.  Thomas,  m  the  I.  of  Jamaica,  in 
the  W.  Indies.  Jt  has  its  rife  and  name 
fromafamoufi  hot  fpring  in  its  vicinity, 
/aid  to  be  highly,  efficacious  in  curing 
the  dry  belly-ache.  The  water  is  fiil- 
phureous,  and  flows  out  of  a  rocky 
mountain  about  a  mile  diftant ;  and  is 
too  hot  to  admit  a  hand  being  held  in  it. 

Bath, a  village  in  the  co.  of  Kcnfla- 
laer.  New- York,  pleafantly  fituated  on 
the  eaft  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  nearly 
oppofite  the  citjr  of  Albanjr,  ?t  the  head 
of  floop  navigation^  A  mineral  fpring 
has  been  difcoT'ered  here,  faid  to  polTcfs 
valuable  qualities  ;  and  a  commodious 
bathing-hqiife  has  been  erected,  at  a 
conliderable  expeufe,  containing  hot, 
cold,  and  Ihower  baths. 

BATH,athrtTl2)g  poft-town  in  New- 
York,  Steuben  co.  of  about  50  houfes, 
Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  Conhodon 
Creek,  a  northern  headwater  of  Tioga 
R. ;  42  miles  S.E.  from  Williamibm'^, 
9n  Cheneflee  R. ;  18  N.  W.  from  the 


BAY 

tainted  Poft  ;  120  from  Niagara  $'  5 
wefterly  from  Genera,  and  221  W. 
Hudfon  city.    N.  lat.  42. 15.  W.long, 
77. 10. 

Battek  ATiV/,  a  fmall  river  which 
rifes  in  Vermont,  and  after  nmning  N, 
and  N.  wefterly  about  30  miles,  falls 
into  Hudfon,  near  Saratoga. 

Battlk  R.  in  New  South  Wales, 
runs  N.  £.  into  Safkahawen  R.  S.  B. 
from  Manchefter  Houfe.  Its  courfe  ii 
Ihort. 

BAUtEM'j  Kiil,  a  weftem  water  of 
Hudfon  R.  8|  miles  below  Albany. 

Baxos  de  Babuca.    See  Abrojoj. 

Bay  of  Fresh  Water,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  lies  S.  of 
Afceniion  Bay.   N.lat.  30.  W.  long.  93. 

Bayamo,  a  town  in  the  eailem  part 
of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  having  the  town 
of  Almo  W.  and  St.  Barbara  on  the  S. 
It  lies  on  the  £.  fide  of  Eftero  R.  about 
20  miles  from  the  fea. 

Bayamo,  Channel  dely  in  the  illand 
of  Cuba,  runs  between  the  numerous 
fmall  iflands  and  rocks  called  Jardin  de 
la  Reyna,  on  the  N.  W.  and  the  ihoals 
and  rocks  which  line  the  coaft  on  the 
S.  £.  fide  of  it,  from  the  bold  point 
called  Cabo  de'  Cruz.  '  This  channel 
leads  to  the  bay  of  Eftero,  which  re» 
ceives  two  rivers  ;  the  fouthemmoft  of 
which  leads  to  the  f'own  of  Bayamo. 

Bay  of  Funjv,  wafhes  ihelhores 
of  the  Britifh  provinces  of  New-Brunf- 
wick  op  the  N.  and  Nova-Scotia  on 
the  E.  and  S.  This  hay  is  1%  leagues 
acrofs,  from  the  Gut  '>f  Annapolis  to 
St.  John's,  the  principai  town  of  New- 
Brunfwick.  The  tidts  o'e  very  rapid 
in  this  bay,  and  rife  at  Annapolis  Ba- 
finabout'so  feet ;  at  the  Bafin  of  Mi- 
nas,  which  may  be  termed  the  N.  arm 
of  this  bay,  40  feet ;  and  at  the  head 
of  Chignec^o  Channel,  an  arm  of  tbid 
bay,  the  fpring  tides  rife  60  feet. 

Bay  de  Roche  Fende,  lies  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  dnd  in  the 
ftate  of  New- York,  17  miles  above 
Crown  Point. 

Bay  of  Islands,  lies  on  tl»e  W. 
fide  of  Newfoundland  I.  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  This  bay  is  very  exten- 
five,  having  3  arms,  by  which  fevcral 
rivers  empty  into  it.  It  has  fevcral 
iflands  ;  the  chief  of  which  are  calle<l 
Harbor,  Pcari,  and  Tweed.  The  cen- 
tre of  the  bay  lies  in  about  49.  5.  N.  lat» 
and  s;8.  ij.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich, 

Bav 


!i 


fiJiagara  fs 
d  aai  W. 
15.  W.long* 

river  which 
r  running  N, 
mikfty  Jfalls 
a. 

outh  Wales, 
wen  R.  S.  £. 

Its  courfe  is 

em  wat«r  of 
>w  Albany. 
See  Abrojot. 
iR,  in  the  N. 
ico,  lies  S.  of 
W.  long.  93. 
e  eaftem  part 
ing  the  town 
lata  on  the  S. 
tero  R.  about 

in  the  ifland 
he  numerous 
lied  Jardin  de 
ind  the  fhoals 
;  coaft  on  the 
le  bold  point 
This  channel 
ro,  which  re» 
uthemmoft  of 
of  Bayamo. 
ties  ^he  ihores 
(f  New-Brunf- 
ova-Scotia  on 
is  iz  leagues 
Annapolis  to 
town  of  New- 
re  very  rapid 
Annapolis  Ba- 

Bafin  of  Mi- 
id  the  N.  arm 
d  at  the  head 
in  arm  of  this 
60  feet. 
DE,  lies  on  the 
ain,  and  in  the 

miles  above 

es  on  the  TV', 
in  the  gulf  ot 
■  is  very  exten- 
whicb  feveral 
It  has'feveral 
lich  are  called 
ed.  The  ccn- 
1 49.  5.  N.  lat, 
ra  Greenwich, 
Bav 


i' 


B£  A 

Bay  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  Labra- 
itor  coaft,  has  Cape  St.  Louis  oa  the  N. 
and  Cape  Charles  on  the  S.  It  has 
many  fmall  iflands  ;  the  largeft  of 
which  is  Battle  I.  ia  the  mouth  of  the 
bay.  The  middle  of  the  bay  lies  in  N* 
bt.  5».  43.  W.  long.  sS'  *h 

Ba  YN£T,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  8. 
fide  of  the  jfland  of  St.  Domingo,  4^ 
leagues  from  Petit  Coave,  op  the  N. 
Ude  of  the  ifland.  It  is  about  8  leagues 
Vf.  of  Jackiiiel.    N.  lat.  j8.  27. 

Beach  Fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  R. 
.which  rifes  in  Nelfon  to.  Kentucky. 
IA  fine  clay  is  found  on  this  river,  which 


'might,  it  is  thought,  be  manufactured 
into  good  porcdain. 

Bealsburg,  a  finall  town  in  Nel- 
Ibn  CO.  Kentucky,  on  the  £.  bank  of 
Rolling  Fork,  which  contains  20  houfes, 
as  alfo  a  tobacco  warehoufe.  It  is  15 
miles  W.  S.  W.  of  Bairdftown,  50  S. 
W.  of  Frankfort,  and  890  from  Phila- 
delphia. N.  lat.  37. 42.  W.  long.  85. 50. 

Beardstown.     See  Bairdfto<van. 

Beak.  Cwe^  lies  on  the  £.  fide  of 
the  S.  eaftem  corner  of  Newfoundland 
I.  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  iettle- 
ment  oiFcrynofet  which  fee,  Reneau's 
rocks  lie  between  Bear  Cav«  and  Frelh- 
water  Bay  on  the  3»  3»  njiles  northerly 
from  Cape  Race. 

Bear  Grafs  Creeks  a  fmall  creek 
on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Ohio  R.  a  few 
hundred  yards  N.  ot  the  town  of  Lou- 
ifville,  in  Kentucky.  This  is  the  fpot 
where  the  intended  canal  is  propofed 
to  be  cut  to  the  upper  fide  of  the  ^opiii. 
From  the  nquth  of  the  creek,  to  the 
upper  fide  of  the  rapids,  is  not  quite  2 
miles.  This  would  render  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Ohio  fafe  and  eafy.  The 
country  on  the  fides  of  this  creek,  be- 
tv7een  Salt  R.  and  Kentupky  R.  is  beau- 
^fiil  and  rich.    See  Kapids  oftlx  Ohio. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  N.  America,  lies  near  the  Arftic 
Circle,  and  fends  a  river  a  W.  S.  W. 
courfe. 

Bear  Lake,  Blacks  in  New  South 
Wales,  lies  in  N.  lat.  53*.  W.  long. 
107^.  It  lies  N.  W.from  Cumberland 
Houfe. 

Bear  Lake,  White,  lies  due  W. 
from  another  fmall  lake,  called  Bear 
Lake,  Ifoth  in  N.  lat.  48.  \$.  and  the 
W.  long,  of  the  former  is  984.  Thcfe 
jrc  faid  to  give  rilje  to  Miflifippi  R. 

fl.EAR  TVajn,  in  Caroline  co.  Mary- 


B  E  A 

land,  lies  about  7  miles  N.  from  Oreenf* 
burg,  and  about  15  S.  E.iirom  Cheftxr^' 
town.  ■'•  •]? 

Beaufopt,  a  fcaport  town  in  Car- 
teret co.on  the  N.£.  &de  of  Core  Sound* 
and  diftrift  ofNewbem,  N.Carolina. 
It  contains  aboot  30  hpufes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaoi,  and  the  county  courts 
arc  held  here.  It  is  t,^  miles  S.  by  E, 
of  Newbern,  and  about  27  from  Cape 
Lookout.    N.  lat.  3  4 . 4  7 . 

Beaufort,  *he  chief  town  of  Beau- 
fort diftri(5t,  S.  Carolina,  is  lituated  on 
the  ifland  of  Port  Royal,  at  the  mouth 
of  Coofawhatchie  R.  The  courts 
which  were  formerly  held  here,  are  now 
removed  to  the  town  of  Goofawhatchie, 
on  the  above  fmall  river.  Beaufort  is  a 
little  plealant  town,  of  about  60  houfes, 
and  200  inhabitants ;  who  arc  diftin" 
guiflied  for  their  hofpitality  andpolitc- 
nefs.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  and  bids 
fair  to  become  a  confiderable  town. 
It  ufed  to  be  a  ftation  for  the  Britifh 
fquadron  when  in  their  pofleffion. 
Beaufort  is  fituated  26  miles  from  Pu- 
rifburg,  and  73  from  Charlefton,  to  the 
S.  W.  noted  for  its  healthy  fituation. 
N.  lat.  32i  a6.  W.  long.  80.55. 

Beaufort  Dijlrieij  in  the  lower 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  lies  jn  the  fea 
coaO",  between  Combahee  and  Savan- 
nah rivers.  It  is  69  miles  in  length, 
and  37  in  breadth,  and  is  divided  intiik 
4  parilhes,  viz.  St.  Helena,  St.  Luke, 
Prince  William,  and  St.  Peter,  which 
contain  18,753  inhabitants;  of  whom 
only  4346  are  whites.  The  northern 
part  of  this  diftrid  abounds  with  large 
forefts  ofcyprd's;  the  lands,  however, 
are  fit  for  raifing  rice,  indigo,  &c.  It 
fends  i2reprefentatives  and  4fenator5 
to  the  ftate  legiflature  ;  each  parifh 
fending  an  equal  number.  Amount  of 
taxes  ,C3>o32-2-ii  fter. 

Beaver  Creeky  runs  into  Lake  Erie, 
at  its  E.  end ;  about  7  miles  S.  E.  from 
Fort  Erie. 

Bbaver  Cbsfk,  Big,  falls  inks  the 
Allegany  river,  after  having  received 
feveral  branches  from  the  N.  E.  about 
28  miles  N.  W.  from  Pittlburg.— It 
rifes  in  the  S.  runs  N.  about  6  miles, 
thence  N.  E.  12  more  to  the  Salt  Lick 
Town ;  then,  paft  the  Mahoning  Town, 
and  Salt  Springs,  34  miles  S.  eafterly  to 
the  Kifhkuili  Town,  from  which  to  its 
mouti)  IS  22  miles  Ibutherly  :  In  all 
about  74  miles. 

Beaver 


h    I 


BED 

Beaver  Dam,  a  townfliip  in  Penn- 
lyivania,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Sufquehan- 
nah  R.     See  Northumberland  Co. 

Beaver  Kill,  is  a  S.  £.  arm  of  the 
Popachton  Branch  gf  the  Delaware. 
Its  mouth  is  i  j\  miles  £.  from  the  Cook 
Houfe,  and  24I  N.  W,  from  Kufliich- 
tun  Falls. 

Beaver  Laie,  in  New  South  Wales, 
lies  in  about  ja.  45.  N.  lat.  and  loi.  30. 
W.  long.  A  little  N.  E.  from  it  is  the 
fource  of  Churchhill  R.  S.  E.  from  it 
is  Cumberland  Houfe,  on  Grafs  R. 
which  has  commu.iication  by  lakes 
with  Nelfon  R.  S.  W.  of  it  is  Salkaf- 
hawen  R.  on  which,  towards  its  head, 
are  a  number  of  houfes  belonging  to  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company. 

Beavers  Town,  at Ttt/iaraiuas,  lies 
between  Margaret's  Creek,  an  upper 
N.  W.  branch  of  Mulkingum  R.  and 
the  N.  branch  of  that  river  ;  at  the 
head  of  which  N.  branch  there  is  only 
a  mile's  po.  tage  to  Cayahoga  R.  Bea- 
vers Town  lies  about  85  miles  N.  W. 
from  Pittlburg.  A  little  below  this  a 
fort  was  erected  in  1764. 

Secret,  a  townihip  in  Berkfliirc 
CO.  MalTacbufctts,  containing  751  in- 
habitants. It  is  10  miles  £.  of  Stock- 
bridge,  17  from  Lenox,  and  130  W. 
'from  Bofton. 

Bede  Point,  is  the  eaftem  cape  at 
the  mouth  of  Cook's  R.  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America. 

Bedford,  a  townihip  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  CO.  Ncw-Hamplhirc,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1750,  and  contains  898 
inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Merrimack  R.  56  miles  W.  of  Portf- 
mouth. 

Bedford,  a  townihip  in  Middlefex 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing  523  in- 
habitants ;  J  3  miles  northerly  from  Bof- 
ton. 

Bedford,  New,  is  a  flourifiiing  town 
in  Briftol  co.  in  the  fame  ftate,containing 
3313  inhabitants  ;  58  miles  fouthward 
oif  Bofton.  It  lies  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation on  Accufhnet  R,  Lat.  40.  4i- 
N.  long.  70.  5a.  W.  from  Greenwich. 

Bedford,  a  townihip  in  W.  Chcfter 
CO.  New- York,  containing  4470  inhab- 
itants, including  38  flaves.  It  lies  con- 
tiguous to  Conne(5ticut,  12  miles  N. 
from  Long-Ifland  Sound,  and  35  from 
the  city  of  New- York.  In  the  ftate 
cenfus  of  1796,  there  appean  to  be 
30a  elcftors.     .  ,/  ... 


i-ns, 


f  A^ 


B  E  H 

Bedford,  a  town  on  the  W.  end  of 
Long  I.  New- York,  4  viiles  N.W.froni 
Jamaica  Bay,  and  6  £.  from  the  city  of 
New- York. 

Bedford  Co.  in  Peonfylvania,  lies 
on  Juniatta  R. ;  has  part  of  the  ftate  of 
Maryland  on  the  S.  and  Huntingdon 
CO.  N.  and  N.  £.  It  contains  I3>i24 
inhabitants.  Including  46  flaves  ;  and 
has  4  of  its  lands  (bttledi  and  ip  divided 
into  9  townfhips. 

Its  chief  town,  Bedford,  lies  on  the 
S.  iide  of  the  Rayitown  branch  of  the 
fame  river  ;  35  miles  enftwar4  of  Ber- 
lin, and  a  10  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
regularly  laid  ou  ;  and  the  inhabitants, 
who  live  in  41  log  houfes  ^nd  9  of  ftone, 
have  water  conveyed  in  wooden  pipes 
to  a  refervoir  in  the  middle  of  the  town. 
They  have  a  ftone  gaol  :  the  market- 
houfe,  court«houfe,  and^ecord  office, 
are  built  of  brick.  Bedford  was  in- 
corporated in  Z795,  and  their  charter 
is  fimllar  to  that  of  Chefter.  N.  lat. 
40.  W.  long.  78.  50. 

Bedford  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  fepara- 
ted  frt)m  that  of  Amherft  on  the  N.  by 
James  R. ;  has  Campbell  E.  Botetourt 
W*  and  Franklin  co.  on  the  S.  It  is 
34  miles  long,  35  broad,  and  contains 
10,531  inhabitants,  including  3,754 
flaves.  It  has  a  good  foil  and  is  agree- 
ably diverfifled  with  hills  and  vallies. 
In  fonie  parts  chalk  and  gypfum  have 
been  difcovered.  Ui  chief  town  is 
New  London. 

Beominster,  ih Somerfet  co.  New- 
Jerfey,  is  a  townihip  containing  1197 
inhabitants,  including  169  flaves. 

Beef  I/land,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  (ituated 
between  Dog  I.  on  the  W.  and  Tortu- 
la  on  the  E.  It  is  about  5  miles  long 
and  I  broad,  in  Sir  Francis  Drake's 
Bay.    N.  lat.  18.  33.  W.  long.  63.  3. 

Beekman,  a  confiderable  townihip 
in  Duchefs  co.  New-Y«rk,  containing 
3597  inhabitants,  including  106  flaves, 
In  tlic  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  there  ap- 
pears to  be  503  eledlors  in  this 
townfliip. 

BEHRiNc's^ti)',  on  the  N.  W.  coad 
of  N.  America,  is  feparated  from  Ad- 
mualty  Bay,  on  the  northward,  by  a 
point  of  land  ;  and  lies  N.  W.  from 
Crofs  Sound.    See  Admiralty  Bay. 

Behring'o  Straits,  feparate  Afia 
from  America,  are  fo  called  from  the 
Ruflian  navigator,  Cipt.  Behring,  who, 

wit): 


in  the  W.  end  of 
nilesN.W.  front 
,  from  the  city  of 

'ennfylvania,  lies 
artoftheftateof 
and  Huntingdon 
contains  Z3)i24 
46  flavcs ;  and 
:d|  and  i^  divided 

[forii)  lies  on  the 
rn  branch  of  the 
enftward  of  Ber- 
iladelphia.  It  is 
1  the  inhabitants, 
'e8  4nd9offtone, 
in  wooden  pipes, 
ddleofthetown. 
lol :  the  nnarket- 
ndTecord  oflUce, 
Bedford  was  in- 
tnd  their  charter 
Chefter.    N.  lat. 

rginia*  is  fepara- 
CTft  on  the  N.  by 
bell  E.  Botetourt 
on  the  S.  It  is 
•ad,  and  contains 
including  2,754 
foil  and  is  agree- 
hills  and  vallies, 
nd  gypfum  have 
I  chief  town  is 

jmerfet  co.  New- 
oontAining  1197 
169  flaves. 
■  the  fmaller  Vir- 
Indies,  fituated 
E  W.  and  Tortu. 
}ut  5  miles  long 
Francis  Drake's 
W.  long.  63.  2. 
lerable  townfliip 
ITork,  containing 
uding  106  flaves, 
1796,  there  ap- 
ledtors    in     this 

theN.W.  coaR 
larated  from  Ad- 
northward*  by  a 

its  N.  W.  from 
fmirally  Bay. 
s,  Separate  Aiia 

called  from  the 
)t.  Behring,  who, 
witl; 


BC  K 

..hh  Ifljirikow,  failed  from  Kampff- 
Chatka,  in  Siberia,  on  the  Afiatic  coaft, 
In  queft  of  the  New  World,  in  a  quar- 
ter where  it  had,  perhaps,  never  been 
fi)proached.  They  both  difcovered 
nd  Within  a  few  degrees  of  the  N.W. 
laft  of  America.  But  the  more  re- 
nt difcoveries  of  Capt.  Cook,  and  his 
ceffor,  Clarke,  have  confirmed  the 
ar  approximation  of  the  two  conti- 
nts.  Cape  Jt*rincc  of  Wales  is  the 
ft  wefterly  point  of  the  American 
itinent,  hitherto  known.  It  is  fitu- 
d  in  N.  lat.  65. 46.  £.  long.  191. 45- 
td  is  39  miles  diftant  from  the  eaftem 
ail  of  Ada. 

The  fea,  from  the  S.  of  Behring's 
traits,  to  the  crefcerit  of  ifles  between 
fia  and  America,  is  very  fballow.  It 
.  ecpens  from  thefe  ftraits  (as  the  Brit- 
j^  Teas  do  from  Dover)  till  foundings 
ire  loft  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  but  that 
(docs  not  take  place  but  to  the  S.  of  the 
Ifles.  Between  them  and  the  fttaits  is 
^n  increafe  from  xi  to  54  fathoms,  ex- 
cept only  off  St.  Thaddeus  Nofs,  where 
tiiere  is  a  channel  of  greater  de  th. 
From  the  volcanic  difpofition,  it  has 
fieen  judged  probable,  not  only  that 
til  ere  was  a  feparation  of  the  conti- 
lents  at  thefe  ftraits,  but  that  the  whole 
e  from  the  ifles  to  that  fmall  open- 
g  had  once  been  dry  land  ;  and  that 
e  fury  of  the  watery  element,  adtu- 
ted  by  that  of  fire,  had,  in  very  reraete 
times,  fubvertcd  and  overwhelmed  the 
tradi  and  lef^  the  iflands  ta  ferve  as 
kmonumental  fragments. 
;|,  The  famous  Japanefe  map  places 
"fome  iflands  feemingly  within  thefe 
ftraits,  on  which  ic  bcftowed  the  title 
of  Ta  Zue,  or  the  kingdom  of  the 
dwarfs.  This  gives  feme  reafon  to  fup- 
fe  that  America  was  not  unknown 
o  the  Japanefe  ;  and  that  they  had,  as 
s  mentioned  by  Kampfcr,  and  Charle- 
oix,  made  voyages  of  difcovery  ;  and, 
ccordjng  to  the  laft,  aftually  wintered 
pon  the  continent,  wheie  probably 
eeting  with  the  Efiquimaux,  they 
ight,  in  comparifon  of  themfelves, 
nd  juftly,  diftinguifli  them  by  the 
ame  of  dwarfs. 

Bekia,  QvBnauyat  or  Boquh,  a  fmall 

Britiih  illand  among  the  Granadillas  ; 

5  miles  N.  E.  of  Granada,  and  65 

leagues  froai  Barbadoes.    It  was  call- 

d  Little  Martinico  by  the  French,  and 

8  a  fafc  harbor  from  all  winds ;  but 


fi  E  t 

no  frefh  water.  It  is  only  frenuenf  eii 
bythofe  who  catch  turtle.  The  foil 
produces  wild  cotton,  and  plenty  of 
water  melons. 

Belcher,  a  tovnifhip  in  Hampftur« 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing  1485  in- 
habitants, who  fubfift  chiefly  by  farm- 
ing.   It  lies  12  miles  £.  of  Hadley,  and 

85  W.  of  Bofton. 

BiLEz,  a  city  of  New  Grenada, 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 

Belfast,  a!  townlhip  aind  bay  itt 
Hancock  co.  Diflri<a  of  Maine,  b6th 
fituated  in  what  is  called  the  Waldo 
Patent,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobfcot  R* 
and  on  its  weftern  fide ;  38  miles  N. 
£.  by  £.  from  Hallowell,  and  346  N'. 
E.  from  Bofton.  The  town  contains 
945  inhabitants.  The  Bay,  on  the  N. 
weftern  part  of  which  the  town  ftands, 
runs  up  into  the  land  by  3  fhort  arms. 
Iflefborough  I.  lies  in  the  middle  of  it^ 
and  forms  two  channels  leading  to  the- 
mouth  of  Penobfcot  R. 

Belgrade,  a  townfliip  in  Lmtoltt 
CO.  DiPridt  of  Maine,  incorporated  if» 
Feb.  1796.  It  was  formerly  called 
Wafliington  Plantation.  It  lies  W.  of 
Sidney,  and  between  Androfcoggin  and 
Kcnnebeck  rivers. 

BiLHAVRN,  the  farmer  name  of 
Alexandria,  in  Fairfax  co.  Virginia, 
which  fee.  It  lies  14  miles  N.  E.  of 
Colchefter,  86  S.  W.  of  Winchefter, 
30  W.  of  Annapolis,  and  ai4  S.  W.  of 
Philadelphia 

Belim,  or  .  irn,a.  town  in  Brazil. 
See  Para. 

Bell  I/let  an  illand  on  the  £.  fide  of 
the  northern  part  of  Nt  jundland  I. 
£.  of  Canada  head ;  between  5c.  42. 
and  50.  50.  N.  lat.  and  between  W. 
long,  ss-  39'  an<i  55*  46. 

Bellaire,  a  poft-town  near  the 
centre  of  Harford  co.  Maryland,  and 
the  chief  of  the  county.  It  contains 
court-houfe  and  gaol,  and  is  thinly  in- 
habited ;  diftant  from  Harfordj  6  miles« 
N.  W  ;  2  a  N.  £.  from  Baltimore,  and 

86  W.  S.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Be  u L  E  ijie^  an  ifland  at  the  moutb  of 
the  ftraits  of  this  name,  between  the 
country  of  the  Efquimaux,  or  Nev? 
Britain,  and  the  N.  end  of  Newfound- 
land I.  which  ftraits  lead  into  th& 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  E.—r 
The  iOand  is  about  7  Icajgues  in  cir- 
cumference ;  and  lies  16  mUes  from  the 
neareft  land  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador, 

or 


i!" 


m^^^m 


,  '! 


I      4 


imi 


B  K  N 

♦r  I^cw  Britain:  On  the  N.  W.  fide 
it  has  a  harbor  for  fifhing  vcfTcls,  or 
finall  craft  ;  ancl  on  the  E.  point  it  has 
a  cove  which  will  admit  fhallops.  Lat. 
51.  J5.  N.  long. 55.' 30-.  W. 

Bellorovk,  in  Berjen  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  on  the  road  to  Altony,  lies  within 
half  a  mile  of  the  line  which  feparates 
New-York  from  N.  Jcvf-  ,  whSch  cx- 
tiends  from  Delaware  iV..  to  that  of 
Hudfon.  It  is  3  miles  northerly  from 
Brabant,  and  34  N.  by  W.  from  New- 
York  city. 

Bell  mc  ham,  a  fmall  farming  town- 
ihlp  in  Norfolk  CO.  Maflachufetts,  con- 
taining 735  inha:bitants,  20  miles  north- 
erly from  Providence,  and  34  foutherly 
from  Bofton. 

Bells  M/7/,  a  fettleraent  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, near  the  Moravian  fettlements,  at 
the  fource  of  Deep  R.  the  N.  weftern- 
moft  branch  of  the  N.  W.  branch  of 
Cape  Fear^  and  about  50  miks  W.  of 
Hillftorougli. 

'  Be  LI- RE,  a  poft-towiT  and  fmall  fet- 
tlement  in  the  territory  N.  W  of  the 
Ohio,  on  the^.W.  bank  of  Ohio  R.  be- 
f  weeh  the  Hockhocking  8c  Mufkingum 
Rs.and  oppofitethe  mouth  of  the  Little 
Kanhaway ;  about  14  miles  below  Mari- 
etta, and  48-0  S.W.by  W.from  Philadd. 
B  t  L  V I DE  K  e , a  new  townfhip  in  Frank- 
lin CO.  Vermont. — *— Alio  a  village  in 
New-Jerfey,  in  SulTex  co,  fitnated  on 
Delaware  R.  at  the  mouth  of  Ptqueft 
R,  and  ii  miles  above  Eafton,  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Bknedict,  a  town  in  Charles  co. 
Maryland,  on  Patuv.ent  R  ;  oppofite 
Mackall's  Ferry  ;  W.  from  Port  To- 
bacco 1 6  miles,  as  the  road  runs  thro* 
Byrantown  ;  30  S.  E.  from  the  Federal 
City,  and  20  from  Drums  Point,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river. 

Bennington,  a  county  in  the  S. 
W.  corner  of  Vermont,  having  Wiad- 
ham  CO.  on  the  E.  and  the  ftate  of  N. 
York  on  the  W ;  into  which  ftate  it 
(ends  Batten  Kill  and  Hoofack  rivers, 
which  both  rife  here,  and  fall  into 
Hudfon  R.  14  miles  apart:  Rutland 
CO.  lies  on  the  N.  and  the  ftate  of  Maf- 
fachufetts  on  the  S.  It  contains  19 
townfliips,  of  which  B'  nnington  and 
Manchefter  are  the  chief.  It  has  12,254 
inhabitants,  including  16  flavcs.  The 
mountains  here  fumilh  iron  ore  in  a- 
bundance,  and  employ  already,  a  fur- 
nace and  two  forget^.  ' 


B  E  R 

Benninoton,  the  (hire  town' of  tV 
above  county,  and  the  largeft  town  in 
the  ftate  of  Vermont,  having  about  160 
houfes,  in  the  compact  part  of  the 
town,  is  lituated  at  the  foot  Of  the 
Grea^  Mountain,  near  the  S.  W.  cor- 
ner of  the  ftate,  24  miles  eafterly  from 
thejunftion  of  Hudfon  and  Mohawk 
rivers,'  and  about  5  a  from  the  S.  end  of 
Lake  Chartiplain,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Ev  ..nd  S.  bays  ;  and  lies  S5  miles 
froih  Rutland;  203  mi'es  N.  eafterly 
from  New  York ;  and  ^oo  in  the  fame 
direction  from  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
4Z.  42.  W.  long.  74.  10.  Bennington 
has  feveral  elegant  buildings.  Its  pub- 
lic edifices  are  ^congregational  church, 
ftate  houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  the  oldeft 
town  in  the  ftate,  having  been  firft  fet- 
tled in  1764,  and  is  in  a  flouriihing  con- 
dition, containing  2,400  inhabitants. 
Within  the  townihip  is  Mount  An- 
thony, which  rifes  very  high  in  a  coni- 
cal form. 

Two  famous  battles  were  fought  in 
or  near  this  town,  in  one  day,  Aug.  16, 
1777,  in  which  Col.  Stark  gained  great 
fame.  The  BritJih  loft  4  brafs  field 
piectb,  and  other  military  ftores ;  and 
beftdes  thofe  flain,  700  were  taken  pri- 
foners.  The  killed  and  wounded  of  the 
Americans  were  about  100  men.  This 
defeat  contributed,  in  a  great  meafurt, 
to  the  fubfcquent  furrender  of  Gen. 
Burgoyne's  army. 

Benson,  the  N.  weftemmoft  town- 
fhip in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  is  fitu- 
ated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain  ; 
57  niflcs  N.  N.  W.  of  Bennington,  ar.d 
has  658  inhabitants.  Hubbcrton  H. 
pafles  through  Benfon  in  its  way  to  Eaft 
Bay.  Cockbume's  Creek,  which  feeds 
the  fame  bay,  rifes  here. 

BrnABZAN,  is  a  long  lake  in  New- 
North  Wales,  lying  N.and  S.  and  nar- 
rows gradually  from  its  N.  end,  till  it 
mixes  with  the  waters  of  Shechary 
Lake,  at  the  S.  end,  where  thefe  waterj 
form  Seal  R.  which  empties  into  Hud- 
fon'sBay  at  Churchill  Fort.  The  N. 
end  of  Berabzan  lies  in  about  60. 30.  N, 
lat.  and  in  93.  50.  W.  long.  See  She 
chary  L.  and  Churchill  R. 

Berbice,  a  Dutch  fettlemcnt  on  a 
river  ( f  the  fame  name,  in  Surinam, 
which  c.  This  fettlertvent,  with  tha 
other  adjoining  ones  of  Surinam  and 
Efleqi'  bo,  furrcndered  to  i!te  Britifh 
in  1796. 


lla 


fofl 
anc 
Ian 
R. 


B  £  R 


B  E  R 


re  town'  of  tiV 
argeft  town  in 
ving  about  i6o 
(ft  part  of  the 
ic  loot  df  the 
the  S.  W.  cor- 
8  cafterly  from 

and  Mohawk 
im  the  S.  end  of 
:  confluence  of 
d  lies  55  miles 
'^s  N.  cafterly 

00  in  the  fame 
:lphia.  N.  lat. 
).  Bennington 
in^s.  Its  pub- 
latioual  church, 
t  is  the  oldeft 
ig  been  firft  fet- 
flourifhing  con- 

00  inhabitants, 
is  Mount  An- 
r  high  in  a  coni- 

were  fought  in 
le  day,  Aug.  i6, 
irk  gained  great 
)ft  4  brafs  field 
ary  ftores;  and 
were  taken  pri- 
woundedofthe 
100  men.  This 
a  great  meafurc, 
render  of  Gen. 

ftemmoft  town- 
ermont,  is  fitu- 
,ake  Champlain ; 
Bennington,  ai.d 
Hubbcrton  H. 
in  its  way  to  Eaft 
eek,  which  feeds 
re. 

ng  hke  in  New 
,and  S.  and  nar- 
ts  N.  end,  till  it 
TS  of  Shechary 
here  thefc  water; 
nptiesinto  Hud- 
Fort.     The  N. 

1  about  6o.  30.N. 
long.  Sec  5^^ 
IR. 

fettlemcnt  on  a 
me,  in  Surinam, 
ement,  wtththa 
of  Suniiam  and 
;d  to  iSe  Britilh 

Ber.bic^ 


BcRBics,  or  BerbeUi  a  river  in  Suri- 
liam,  or  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America, 
which  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and 
wo  fathoms  deep  at  its  mouth,  in  N. 
at.  6.  30.    The  land  on  both  fides  is 
ow  and  woody,  has  plenty  of  logwood 
and  cotton.  •   ♦   < 

Bergen  Cd.  in  Ne  w-Jerfey,  on  Hud- 
fon  R.  lies  opppfite  New-York,  on  the 
and  was  firft  planted  by  the  Dutch, 
rom  New- York.    It  contauis  6  town- 
lips,  of  wrhich  the  chief  are  Bei^en 
id  Hackinfack,  and  ii,6oi  inhabit- 
uts,  including  aa&i  flaves.    Here  are 
Dutch  Calvinift  churches,  and  a  of 
)utch  Lutherans.    There  is  a  coppier 
ine  here,  which,  when  worked  by 
Ithe  Schuylers  (to  whom  it  belonged) 
[was  cohfiderably  produflive  }  but  it 
[has  been  negleSed  for  many  years. 

It  is  a  mountainous,  rough,  and  hilly 
[county,  30  miles  long,  and  15  broad. 
Lit  forms  part  of  the  E.  and  northern 
[end  of  the  ftate  ;  and  its  N.  W.  ex- 
Itremity  meets  the  N.  E.  part,  of  Suflex 
,  £Co.  J  fo  that  thefe  two  counties  embof- 
%om  Morris  and  Eflex  counties,  except 
*on  the  S.  W.  and  form  the  whole 
ibreadth  of  the  ftate  in  that  quarter. 

Bergen,  the  (hire  town  of  Bergen 
,|co.  New-Jerfey,  lies  furroiinded  by 
watei,  except  on  the  N. ;  the  river 
Hudfon  feparates  it  from  New- York 
city,  3  miles  diftant ;  on  the  S.  a  nar- 
row channel  lies  between  it  and  Staten 
I. ;  and  on  the  W.  it  has  Hackinfack  R. 
The  inhabitants  are  moftly  defcendants 
from  the  Dutch  fettlers. 

Beroen  Necki  is  the  fouthem  ex- 
tremity of  the  .above  townihip. 

Berkhemstead,  or  Barkbemftead, 
a  townfhip  in  Litchfield  co.  Connefti- 
cut,  having  Hartland  N.  and  New- 
tlartford  S. 

Berkley,  a  townfhip  in  Briftol  co. 
MaflTachufetts,  containing  850  inhabit- 
ants ;  50  miles  fouthward  of  Bofton. 

BERKLEY)  the  name  both  of  a  coun- 
ty and  town,  in  Charlefton  Diftrift,  S. 
Carolina,  lying  near  Cooper  and  Afhley 
Rivers.  In  the  cenfus  of  1791,  it  Was 
called  St.  John's  Parifh,  in  Berkley  co. 
and  contained  751  free  pcrfons,  and 
5170  Qaves. 

Berkley  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  W. 
of  the  Blue  Ridge,  N.  of  Frederick  co. 
and  feparated  from  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land, on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Potowmack 
R.  This  fertile  county,  about  40  miles 
F 


lon^  and  ao  broad,  has  16,781  free  in- 
habitants and  a93»  flaves.  Martinf- 
burg  is  its  chief  town. 

Berkley'j  Sounds  on  the  N.  W, 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  on  the  eaftem 
fide  of  Quadras  Ifles,  The  land  on  its 
eaftem  fide  is  oppofite  Cape  Flattery^ 
and  forms  the  N.  fide  of  the  Straits  de 
t'uca. 

.  Berk'/  Co.  in  Penhfylvania,  has 
Northampton  co.  on  the  N.  E. ;  North- 
umberland on  the  N.  W< ;  part  of  Lu- 
zern  on  the  N. ;  Dauphin  and  Lancai^ 
ter  counties  S.  W.  and  Chefter  apd 
Montgomery  S.  E.  It  is  watered  by 
Schuylkill  R.  and  is  53  miles  long  and 
near  29  broad,  containing  1,030,400 
acres.  Here  iron  ore  and  coal  are  found, 
in  plenty,  which  Supply  feveral  iron 
works.  The  northern  parts  are  rough 
and  hiUy.  Berks  contains  30,179  in* 
habitants,  of  whom  65  only  are  flaves. 
It  has  29  townfliips,  of  which  Reading 
is  the  chief. 

Berkshire  Co.  in  Maflac  lufetts,  is 
bounded  W.  by  New-York  ftate  ;  S. 
by  the  ftate  of  Connecfticut  ;  E.  by 
tlampfhire  co.  and  N.  by  the  ftate  of 
Vermont.  It  thus  runs  the. whole  ex- 
tent of  the  ftate  from  N.  to  S.  and  con- 
tains twenty-fix  townfliips  ;  the  chief 
of  which  are  Stockbridge,  Lenox, 
Great  Barrlngton,  Williamftown,  and 
Pittsfield  ;  and  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants 30,391.  White  and  clouded  mar- 
ble is  found  in  feveral  towns,  in  the 
rough  and  hilly  parts  of  this  county. 

In  February,  1796,  the  legiflature 
pafled  an  adl  to  eftablifli  a  college  in 
Williamftown,  by  the  name  of  Wil- 
liams College. 

Berkshire,  a  newly  fettled  town- 
fliip,  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont. 

Berlin,  a  neat  and  flouriftiing  town 
of  York  CO.  Prnnfylvania,  containing 
about  100  houfes.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Conewago 
Creek,  13  miles  wefterly  of  Yorktown, 
and  loi  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
39- 56. 

Berlin,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  on  Dog  R.  a  branch  of  On- 
ion R.  from  the  S.  ;  which  laft  fepa- 
rates Berlin  from  Montpelier,  on  the 
N.  N.  W.  Berlin  contains  134  inhab- 
itants, and  is  about  94  miles  N.  cafterly 
from  Bennington. 

Berlin,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co. 
Conncfticut,  ij   miles  S.  S.  W.   of 

Hirtford, 


:fi 


HI 


mmmmi 


f  nil: 


'i,/; 


B  E  R 

Hartford,  4*  N.  W.  of  New-London  ; 
and  tf,  N.  N.  E.  of  New-Haven. 

Beklin,  a  townfliip  in  Worccftcr 
cd.  M.tflachufett8,  containing  5ii  in- 
habitants ;  34  miles  W.  of  Boftdn j  ;»nd 
15  N.  E.  of  \Vorcefter.  Hbfas  have 
been  cultivated  lere  lately,  and  prdih- 
ift;  to  be  a  valuable  articte  of  hufljandrV; 

Berlin,  in  Somerfet  co.  formerly  m 
that  of  Bedford,  Pennfylvania,  lies  on 
a  branch  of  Stody  Creek,  a  S;  water  of 
Cotiemiugh  R.  on  the  W.  fide  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountain  ;  25  miles  ^kti^- 
ward  of  Bedfdrd  ;  13  N.  W.  of  Fort 
Cumberland,  in  Virginia,  and  aob  tV; 
of  Philadelphia.  Stone  Creek,  the 
chief  fource  of  Kifkeminitas  R.  rifes  N. 
N.  E.  of  Berlin.    N.  lat.  39.  54. 

Bermuda  HuNDREb,  or  Citj  Pointi 
as  it  is  fomctimes  called,  is  a  port  of 
entry  and  port  to^hi,  in  Chefterfteld  co. 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point  of  the 
pemnfula,  formed  by  the  conflnence  of 
the  Appamattox  with  James  River,  36 
miles  wefterly  from  Williamfturg,  64 
from  Point  Comfort,  in  Clrcfapeak  Bay, 
and  315  S.  W.  by  S.  from  Philadelphia. 
City  Point,  from  which  it  is  named, 
lies  on  the  fouthem  bank  of  James  R. 
4  miles  S.  S.  W.  from  this  town.  I'he 
exports  from  this  place,  chiefly  collcdt- 
ed  at  Richmond,  20  miles  above  it, 
amounted  in  17^4,  to  the  value  of 
773>549  dollars  ;  and  from  the  rft  of 
Oftober,  to  id  December  179^,  were 
as  follow  :  15  kegs  of  butter,  578  bbls. 
S.  fine  flour,  loi  half  do.  789  fine  do. 
393  lbs.  indigo,  10  tons  pig  iron,  too 
lbs.  faflafras,  80,320  hhd.  (taves,  66,300 
bbl.  ftaves,  1,819  bhds.  tobacco,  and  3 
kegs  manufactured  do. — Total  exports, 
90,859  dollars,  45  cents.  There  are 
about  40  houfes  here,  including  fome 
warehoufes.  It  trades  chiefly  with  the 
W.  Indies,  and  the  difltrent  ftates. 
City  Point,  in  James  R.  lies  in  N.  lat. 
37.16.  W.long.  77.3X|.    See  Richmond. 

Bermuda  IJIands.  Thefe  received 
this  name  from  the  difcoverer,  John 
Bermudas,  a  Spaniard  ;  and  were  called 
Sommcr's  Iflcs,  from  Sir  Seorge  Som- 
mer8,.who  was  ftiipwrecked  on  their 
rocks  in  1609,  in  his  palTage  to  Vir- 
ginia. The  number  of  this  clufter,  in 
the  form  of  a  fhepherd's  crook,  has 
been  computed  to  be  about  400,  diftant 
from  the  land's  end  in  England,  1500 
leagues,  from  the  Madeiras  laoo,  from 
Hifpaniola  40O)  and  400  from  Cape  Hat- 


i  E  R 

teras  in  Cdrdlinaj  which  laft  is  the 
ntstrdt  land  to  thcrti.  The  jflands  are 
v^allcd  with  rbcks ;  ^nd  by  rcifon  of 
thefe, together  with  flioal8,!ire  difficult 
to  approach.  The  entrances  intd  the 
harbors  and  fchdnriels  are  narrow  as 
well  as  fhoaly,  and  are  more  dangerous 
by  reafon  of  the  ftrong  cnrrent  which 
fets  to  the  N.  E.  from  the  gulf  of  Flo- 
rida. They  contain  froni  iito  13,000 
acres  of  poor  land,  of  whith  9  parts  in  10 
ar»  ^sthei-  uncultivated,  or  referved  in 
wbddsi  whith  cohffft  cTiiefly  of  cedar, 
fdr  the  fupply  of  fliip-biiilding.  There 
are  about  100  acres  laid  dut  in  cotton. 
The  fnain  ifland  is  about  16  miles  long, 
and  from  one  to  two  in  breadth;  The 
parifh  df  St.  George's,  is  an  1.  to  the 
eaftward  of  the  main-  land,  in  which 
ftands  the  town  of  St.  George's,  con- 
taining about  500  hotlfes.  Contiguous  to 
that  is  St.  David's  I.  which  fupplies  the 
town  with  provrftond.  The  air  is  healthy, 
and  a  continual  fprirtg  prevails ;  and 
moil  of  the  produftions  of  the  VT.  In- 
dies might  be  cultivated  here.  The 
houfes  are  btiilt  of  a  foft  ftone,  which  is 
fawn  like  timber,  but  being  wafhed 
with  lime,  it  becomes  hard  ;  thefc 
flones  are  greatly  in  requeft  throughout 
the  W.  Indies,  for  filtrating  water.  The 
houfes  are  white  as  fnow ;  which,  be- 
held from  an  eminence,  contrafted  with 
I  the  greennefs  of  the  cedars,  and  pafture 
ground,  and  the  multitude  of  iflands 
full  in  view,  realize  what  the  poets 
have  feigned  of  the  Elyfian  Fields. — 
Some  accounts  fay  that  thefe  iflands 
contain  from  15  to  io,ooo  inhabitants ; 
but  Mr.  Edwards  fays  the  number  of 
white  people  is  5,462,  of  blacks  4919. 
Old  writers  obferve  that  there  were  500c 
Engllfh  in  thefe  iflands,  in  1623.  300 
or  400  ^o  annually  to  Turks  I.  to  rake 
fait,  which  is  carried  to  America  for  pro- 
vifions,  or  fold,  to  fuch  as  may  call  for 
it  there,  for  cafli.  The  Bermudians 
are  chiefly  feafaring  men,  an<J  the  ne- 
groes are  very  expert  mariners.  In  the 
late  war,  there  were  at  one  time  be- 
tween 15  and  20  privateers  fitted  out 
from  hence,  which  were  manned  by 
negro  flaves,  who  behaved  irreproacha- 
bly ;  and  fuch  is  the  Itate  or  flavery 
here,  and  To  much  are  they  attached  to 
their  matters,  that  fuch  as  were  captur- 
ed always  returned  when  it  was  in  their 
power ;  a  fingiilar  inftance  of  which 
occurred  in  the  ftate  of  t^aflachufett;. 

The 


::m 


1 


ch  laft  is  the 
the  Iflands  are 
I,  by  rcihn  of 
lis,  are  difficult 
inces  intd  tlie 
ire  narrow  as 
lore  dangerous 
cnrrent  which 
the  gulf  of  Flo- 
m  11  to  13,000 
t(:h9partsin  10 
or  referved  in 
^icfly  of  cedar, 
lilding.  There 
out  in  cotton. 
1 16  miles  long, 
breadth,  the 
is  an  1.  to  the 
and,  in  which 
jeorge's,  con- 
,  Contiguous  to 
lich  fupplies  the 
he  air  is  healthy, 
prevails ;  and 
1  of  the  W.  In- 
:d  here.  The 
:  ftoncy  which  is 
being  waihed 
}  hard  ;  thefc 
ueft  throughout 
ing  water.  The 
w;  which,  be- 
contrafted  with 
ars,  and  pafture 
tude  of  iflands 
hat  the  poets 
yfian  Fields. — 
It  thefe  iflands 
00  inhabitants ; 
;he  number  of 
of  blacks  4919. 
there  were  500c 
in  1623.  300 
'urks  I.  to  rake 
America  for  pro- 
as may  call  for 
le  Bermudians 
n,  an4  the  ne^ 
ariners.  In  the 
t  one  time  be- 
teers  fitted  out 
re  manned  by 
ed  irreproacha- 
tate  or  flavery 
ley  attached  to 
as  were  captur- 
n  it  was  in  their 
ance  of  which 
Maflachufetts. 
The 


B  E  K 

Mrrbc  (hip  Rcgwl^vtor,  a  privateer,  was 
f  carried  Into  Bofton,  and  had  70  (laves 
/on  board:  6p  pf  them  returned  in  a 
ag  of  trace,  9  retun^ed  by  way  pf 
Jew-Yofk  ;  puf  pnly  was  miflinz,  who 
icd.    The  gpvernnqfnt  is  cpndudted 
der  a  gqvernpr,  n^mcd  by  ^he  Bnt- 
crown,  a  cq^Jficil,  and  a  gpn^^ra]  af- 
„jmbly.     Th«rf  arc  9  churches,   of 
'*rhich  3  clergymen  have  thp  charge  j 
«tid  there  is  pnp  Preft(yt«riaq  chnrch. 

*  Jn  the  prtfcnt  Eurqpeap  war,  ^he 

*  merouscruifereip^mBernnM^as,  have 
warraqtably  paptured  numbers  gf 
pericaa  veflels,  loaded  with  provi: 
ns  or  naval  ftqres,  bound  fpr  Frcnc^> 
d  other  ports,  whipl^  have  been  iq^- 
litoufly  cpndemne^. 
Bernard'j  $ajf^  h'p9  PJ^  the  N.  W- 
le  pf  the  gulf  of  Itfexicp.  The  paf- 
ge  intp  it,  between  feveral  iflai^ds^  i^ 

.,a»alled  Pafco  de  Cavi^Ho, 
'mm   BEaNARDSTOVNf  ip  Somerset  co. 
few-Jerfey,  cpntalns  *j^7  inhabita^its, 
'eluding  93  flaves. 

Alfo  the   naqje  of  4  tpwqlhip  m 
ampfhire  CO.  Maflachufe^te,  cont(«in- 
1;  691  inhabitants  ;  dlft^nt  no  miles 
wcftwrard  frpn^  Boltpn. 

Berne,  a  townlhip  in  Albany  cq. 

Kew-York.     By  the  ftate  ceqfus  of 

796,  it  appears  there  are  447  pf  the 

habitants  whp  are  eloHors. 

Berry  IJland^  9,  maM  clyfter  of 

es  pn  the  N.  W.  point' pf  th<>  Great 

ahama  Ba»k,  in  ti^e  channel  of  i^(q- 

idence.  N.  lat.  aj .  joi.  Vf,  Ibng.  75 .  40. 

,,Sertie,  a  m^time'cp.  in  ^.  C^rp- 

Ina,  in  Edenton  diftrld,  with  the  Ro<b- 

ioke  its  S.  boundary,  and  Alb^nurle 

louod  on  the  £.    In  it  is  fituated  the 

cient  Indian  tower  of  Tufcarora.    It 

[pntains  12,606  fouls,  of  which  nuai- 

r  5 141  are  flaves. 

Berwick,  pr  AbboUloiurif^  a  neat 
wn  in  Yprk  cp.  Pepnfylvania,  at  the 
ladof  Conewagp  Creek,  13  miles  weft- 
ard  pf  Yprk,  a6  S.  S.  W.  pf  Harrif- 
rgh,  and  103  "W.  by  S.  of  Philadel- 
ia.  The  tpwn  is  regularly  laid  put, 
d  contains  about  100  houtes,  a  Ger- 
man Lutheran,  and  a  Calvinift  church. 
,lat.  39.  54. 

Berwic k,  or  NewBerwici,  a  fmall 

'*||iwn  of  Northumberland  co.  Pennfyl- 

fania,  on  the  N.  weftern  Gde  pf  th^  E. 

anch  of  Sufquehannah  R.  oppofite 

efcopeck  Falls,  and  Nefcppeck  Creek, 

;,l  miles  H,  £.  from  Northumberland 


■r. 


BET 

and  Sunbury,  at  the  junction  of  the  £. 
with  the  W.  branch  of  Sufquehannab, 
and  1 60  I^.  \f.  pf  Philadelphia*  |^> 
lat.  41.  3. 

Bsrwick,  a  townfliip  ip  York  co. 
Diftrid  of  Maine,  containing  3894  in- 
h^^itants.  It  has  an  incprporat^d  aca- 
d<;my,  and  lies  on  ^h^  E.  fide  of  SaU 
mqn  fall  H.  7  miles  N.  W.  of  York, 
and  86  E.  of  H.  from  $qi^pn« 

||£THA^AB.A,  the-firn (ettlemf:^t pf 
the  Mpraviana  in  the  l^fis  of  Wacho- 
via, in  N.  Carolina,  be^\in  m  1753  t  6 
miles  K.  of  Salem,  and  1^3  V[.  pf  Hal- 
ifax, in  N.  lat.  36.  9.  It  is  4t^ated  pq 
the  V(.  fide  of  GraflTy  Creek,  wh^ch, 
unites  with  the  parga^^,  and  fjpveral 
others,  and  falls  intp  the  ys^dlMn*  It 
contains  a  church  of  the  tTnited  Bjreth^ 
ren.  and  abp^t  so  dwelling  bp'qfes. 

BsTHANY,  or  Sefiamdi  a  Moraviaii 
fettknient  and  ppft  t6\Kn,  i^  the  lands 
of  Wachpvia,  in  N.  Carolina,  begun  in 
17610  ;  9  mileji  ii.  W.  of  Salem,  4  N, 
W.  pf  Biethabara,  and  5^8  S.  VV.  by  8. 
of  Philadf  Ipbia.  It  cpbtaii^s  abont  60 
houfes,  ancl  a  church,  built  on  a  regu- 
lar  plan.    S^e  IViacbovuf, 

Bethel,  a fina}l Morrian  ieitlement 
on  Swetara  I^.  in  Pennfylvimia,  x^  miO^a 
from  iilt.  Joy.— r-rA  townihip  in  dau- 
phin county. 

Bethel,  a  t^wnlhig In  Windibr  co. 
Vermont,  containing  473  inhabitants  ;.-. 
N.  N.  W.  of,  and  bounded,  by  Stock? 
bridge,  and  about  67  ixiiles  M.  N.  etaft-^ 
erly  of  Bennington.    It  i^ive^  nfe  ^  « 
fonall  branch  of  White  Riyq-i, 

Bethel,  a  town(h|p  i^  Bel^wwret 
CO.  Pennfylyania. 

BETHLEHEMy   A  tOWO  i|V  Albuiy  CO. 

Ncw-Vork,  very  fnutiul  in  paftui'^s, 
and  has  large  quantities  of  cxcelknt 
butter.  By  the  ftate  cenfu^  of  179^ 
3 88  of  the  bhabitauta  are  ele^oirs. 

BETtii-EUEMf  a  tqwoftiip  in  Berkn 
fliire'cp.  Maflachufetts,  haying  ^6|  in- 
lubitanta.  It  lies  abput  zo  miles  S.  of 
£.  from  Stockbridge,  10  from  Lenox, 
and  130  from  Bofton.  It  borders  on 
Tyringham  and  Loudon. 

Bethlehem,  a  townihip  in  Hun- 
terdon CO.  ^ilew-Jerfcy,  fituated  at  the 
head  of  the  S.  branch  of  Rariton  River, 
It  contains  1335  inhabitants,  including 
3 1  flaves.    Turf  for  firit^  is  round  here. 

Beth  LB  HEM,  a  towniLip,  in  Litch- 
field CO.  ConneAicut,  joins  Litchfield 
on  the  N.  and  Woodbury  on  the  S. 

Bethlehem, 


..■'ipl'"" 


•  «'■ 


'"mi 


'Hi  I 


JJUUIL 


B  E  U 

Bethlehem,  a  poll  town  in  North- 
ampton CO,  Penniyivania,  is  a  celebra- 
ted fettlement  or  the  Moravians,  or 
United  Brethren,  of  the  Protcftant  Epif- 
copal  church,  as  they  term  themfelves. 
It  is  fituated  on  Lehigh  R.  a  wcftcrn 
branch  of  the  Delaware,  5  3  miles  north- 
erly from  Philadelphfa,  and  18  foUth- 
erly  from  the  fp^ind  Gap,  The  town 
itands  partly  on  the  lower  banks  of  the 
Manakes,  a  fine  creek,  which  affords 
trout  and  other  filh.  The  fituation  is 
healthful  ^nd  pleafant,  and  in  funimer 
is  frequented  by  gentry  from  different 
parts.  In  1 787,  there  were  6q  dwelling 
houfes  of  ftone,  well  built,  and  600  in- 
habitants. Befides  the  meeting-hoiife, 
are  3  other  public  buildings,  large  and 
fpacious  ;  one  for  the  fingle  brethren, 
one  for  the  fingle  fillers,  and  the  other 
for  the  widows.  The  literary  eftablifli- 
ments,  as  Well  as  the  religious  regula- 
tions, here,  d'-'ferve  notice.' — In  a  houfe 
adjoining  tr  /ne  church,  is  a  fchool  for 
females  and  fince  1787,  a  boarding 
fcb'^  .,  for  yoimg  ladies,  who  arc  fent 
'.ere  from  different  parts,  and  are  in- 
ftriifted  in  reading  and  writing  (in  the 
Englifli  atid  German  tongues)  gram- 
mar^ arithmetic,  geography,  needle 
work,  mufic,  &c.  The  minifter  of  the 
place  has  the  diredlion  of  this  as  well 
as  of  the  boys'  fchool,  which  is  kept  in, 
a  feparatehpufe,  where  they  arc  initia- 
ted in  the  fundamental  branches  of  lit- 
erature. Thcfe  ichools,  cfpecially  that 
for  tlie  young  ladies,  are  deferv'edly  in 
very  high  repute  ;  and  fcholars,  more 
than- can 4>e  accommodated,  are  offered 
from  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

There  is  it  the  lower  part  of  the 
town  a  machiric,  of  fimple  conftrucStion, 
which  ratfes  the'  water,  from  a  fpring, 
into  a  referyoir,  to  the  height  of  100 
feet  ;  whence  it  is  conducted  by  pipes 
into  the  feveral  ftrects  of  the  town. 

There  is  a  genteel  tavern  at  the  N. , 
end  of  the  town,  the  profit  arifing  from 
■which,  belongs  to  the  fociely.  There 
is  alfo  a  ftore,  with  a  general  aflbrt- 
ment  of  goods,  an  apothecary's  fhop, 
a  large  tan-yard,  a  currier's,  and  a  dy- 
er's mop,  a  grift-mill,  a  fulling-mill,  an 
oil-mill,  and  a  faw-mill,  and  on  the 
banks  of  the  Lehigh,  a  brewrery.  N. 
lat.  40.  37.  W.  long.  js.  14. 

Beuf,  Ri-viere  att,  empties  eaftward- 
ly  into  Miflifippi  R.  in  N.  lat.  39.  4.  ; 
about  48  miles,  by  the  courfe  of  the 


B  I  G 

river,  above  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
and  7  miles  S.  from  Riviere  Oahaha. 

Beuf,  Small  Le.    See  Le  Boeuf. 

Beverly,  a  townftiip  and  poft  town 
in  Eflex  co.  Maflachufetts,  containing 
3290  inhabitants,  is  feparated  from  Sa- 
lem by  a  handfome  bridge,  and  is  about 
2o  miles  £.  of  N.  of  Bofton,  dnd  aa  S. 
W.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  two  par- 
iihes.  In  the  parifh  next  the  harbor, 
are  a  number  of  handfome  houfes,  ex- 
hibiting the  cheering  rewards  of  enter- 
prife  and  induftry,  and  the  inhabitants 
ate  devoted  to  th«  fifliery  and  other 
branches  of  navigation.  In  the  other 
part  of  the  town,  which  is  chiefly  agri- 
cultural, is  a  cotton  manufadlory.  The 
bridge,  mentioned  before,  is  1500  feet 
in  length,  erefted  in  1788,  and  connedls 
this  town  with  Salem.  It  h^s  a  draw 
for  veflels. 

Beverly 'j  Ma»or,  or  Iri/h  TraSf, 
in  Virginia,  is  a  traft  of  land,  in  N.  lat. 
38. 10.  at  the  head  of  Maflanuten's  R. 
a  weftern  branch  of  the  Shenandoah, 
which  rifes  here  by  three  branches,  viz. 
Middle  R.  Lewis  and  Chriftian  Creeks. 
It  lies  between  the  Blue,  and  the  North 
Ridge.  The  road  from  Yadkin  River, 
through  Virginia  to  Philadelphia,  paff- 
es  through  heit. 

BiDDLEs,  a  fettlement  on  a  branch 
of  Licking  R.  inBourbon  co.  Kentucky; 
about  6  miles  N..W.  from  MiUers,  ou 
the  N.  E.  fide  of  the  fame  branch,  and 
3a  miles  N.  N.  E.  from  Lexington. 

BrDDEFORD,  aport  of  entry  and  poft 
town  in  York  co.  Diftri<ft  of  Maine,  on 
the  S.  Vi/.  fide  of  Saco  R.  on  the  fea 
coaft,  14  miles  S.  W.  from  Portland, 
a4  N.  E.  from  York,  and  105  from  Bof- 
ton. I^  contains  lotS  inhabitants; 
and  here?  the  county  courts  are  held,  as 
likewife  at  York.    N.  tai.  43.  *6. 

B.iEQUE  I/land,  or  Borlqiun,  or  Crabs 
IJlei  one  of  the  Virgin  Iflcs,  z  leagues 
from  Porto  Rico,  6  leagues  long,  and 
^*  broad,  The  Englifh  fettled  here 
twice,  and  have  been  driven  ati^ay  by 
the  Spaniards,  whole  intereft  it  is  to  let 
it  remain  defolate.  It  has  a  rich  foil, 
and  a  good  road  on  its  S.  fide.'  Lat. 
18.  a.  N.   Long.  64.  30.  W. 

Big  Bone  Creek,  in  Woodford  cc. 
Kentucky,  falls  into  the  Ohio  from  the 
E.  in  about  N.  lat.  3^.  17.  W.  long.  85. 
,i,-4.  It  is  very  fraall  in  fiw,  and  has  ,5 
branches  ;  the  N.  wefternmoft  inter- 
locks with  Bank  Lick  Creek,  whicn 

falls 


of  the  Illinoia, 
iere  Oahaha. 

See  Le  Boeuf. 
J  and  port  town 

Its,  containing 
arated  from  Sa- 
;e,  and  is  about 
>fton,  and  ai  S. 
It  has  two  par- 
ext  the  harbor, 
)me  houfes,  ex- 
wards  of  enter- 

the  inhabitants 

lery  and  other 
In  the  other 
h  is  chiefly  agri- 
lufaftory.  The 
>re,  is  1500  feet 
\Z^  and  connects 

It  h^s  a  draw 

or  Irijh  Traa, 

land,  in  N.  lat. 
Maflanuten's  R. 
ie  Shenandoah, 
ee  branches,  viz. 

Ihriftian  Creeks. 

,  and  the  North 
n  Yadkin  River, 
tiladclphia,  paiT- 

;nt  on  a  branch 
)n  CO.  Kentucky; 
i^om  Millers,  011 
ime  branch,  and 
n  Lexington, 
of  entry  and  poft 
ridt  of  Maine,  on 

0  R.  on  the  fea 
from  Portland, 

nd  105  from  Bof- 
1^8  inhabitants; 
aurts  are  he'd,  as 
idi.  43*  *^* 
loriguen,  or  Crabs 

1  Iflcs,  a  leagues 
lagues  long,  and 
lifli   fettled  here 

driven  atvay  by 
ntereft  it  is  to  let 
t  has  a  rich  foil, 
its  S,  fide.'  Lat. 
30.  W. 

in  Woodford  cc. 
le  Ohio  from  the 
,  17.  W.  long.  85. 
1  fi/e,  and  has  ;, 
eftcrnmoft  inter- 
;k  Creek,  which 
falls 


B  I  G 

ifells  into  Licking  R.    It  ii  only  notice- 
able for  the  large  bones,  and  fait  licks 

«car  it. 

Big  Bone  Licks,  The,  he  on  each 

i|ile  of  the  above-mentioned  creek,  a 
little  Wow  the  junftion  of  the  two 
|aftem  branches,  about  8  miles  from 
fte  mouth  of  the  creek.     Thefe,  as 
ijfi)  the  other  fait  fprings,  in  the  weft- 
n  country,  are  called  Licij,  becaufe 
I?  earth  about  them  is  furrovv-ed  up 
a  moft  curious  manner,  by  the  buf- 
es  and  deer  which  lick  the  e?rth, 
account  of  the  faline  particles  vith 
ich  it  i$  impregnated,    A  ftream  of 
ckifh  water  runs  through  thefe  licks, 
e  foil  of  which  is  a  foft  clay. — The 
■ge  bones  found  here,  and  in  feveral 
her  places  near  fait  licks,  and  in  low 
ft  grounds,  thought  to  belong  to  the 
ammoth,  ftill  puzzle  the  moft  learned 
tuvalifts  to  determine  to  what  ani- 
al  they  have  belonged.    A  thigh  bone 
und  here  by  General  Parfons,  mea- 
led forty-nine  inches  in  length.     A 
oth  of  this   animal  is  depofited  in 
ale  College.  Mr.  Jefferfon,  who  feems 
to  h.ave  examined  the  Ikeleton  of  one 
of  tliefe  animals  with  curious  atten- 
tion, fays,  that  "  The  bones  befpeak 
n  animal  oi  Jive  orjix  times  the  cubic 
olume  of  an  elephant,"  as  M.  Buffon 
as  admitted.    Of  this  animal  the  na- 
ives  have  no  tradition,  but  what  is  fo 
bulous,  that  no  conjefture  can   be 
'lluded  by  it,  except  that  the  animal  was 
5| 'carnivorous  ;  and  this  is  the  general 
pinion,  and  was  .idmitted  by  the  late 
r.  Hunter,  of  London,  from  an  ex- 
mination  of  the  tufkr;,  &c. 
Big  Hill  Creei,  runs  W.  into  Kaf- 
aflcias  R,  25  miles  below  Beaver  Creek, 
7  above  Blind  Creek,  and  a6  northerly 
om  the  mouth  of  Kafkafkias, 
Biggin  Swamp.    See  Saniee River- 
Big  Rork,  a  large  rock  on  the  S.  E. 
ank  of  Au  Vaze  R. ;  about  3  miles 
.  E.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Mifliflppi, 
d  about  8  miles  S.  E.  from  Cape  St. 
ntonio,  on  that  river. 
Big  Rock  Branch,  the  N.  eaftern 
ead  branch  of  Alleghany  R.    The 
ranch  called  Big  Hole  Town  joins  it, 
i^gnd  forms  the  Alleghany,  85  miles  N. 
,  from,  and  above,  Venango  Fort. 
Big  Salt  Lick,  a  garrifon  in  the 
.ate  of  Teneflee,  near  the  Salt  Lick, 
n  Cumberland  R.  ;   115  miles  from 
noxville ;  80  from  South  Weft  Point, 


B  I  R. 

on  Clinch  R. ;  .'^2  from  Bledfoe  Lick, 
and  68  from  Naftivillc. 

Big  Sandy  River,  or  Toitervy,  has 
its  fource  near  that  of  Cumberhnd  R. ;  ^ 
and , feparat ing  Virginiafrom  Kentucky, ' 
emi^ci^s  into  the  Ohio,  oppofite  the 
French  Purchafe  of  Galiopolis,  in  about 
N.  Lit.  38.  30.  Vancouver's  and  Har- 
mar's  forts  ftand  on  this  river.  On  its 
banks  are  feveral  fait  licks  and  fprings. 
Little  Sandy,  is  a  Ihort,  fmall  river, 
which  falls  into  the  Ohio,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Big  Sandy  R.  in  Mafoii 
CO.  Kentucky. 

BiLLERicA,  a  townlhip  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in 
1655.  It  has  1200  inhabitants  ;  nor 
has  there  been  much  variation  in  the 
number  for  half  a  century.  It  liea  ao 
miles  northward  of  Bofton,  and  is  wa- 
tered by  Concord  and  Shawfheen  riv- 
ers, which  run  N.  eafterly  into  Mem- 
mack  River. 

Billing  SPORT,  on  Delaware  River, 
lies  12  miles  below  Philadelphia,  was 
fortified  in  the  late  war,  for  the  defence 
of  the  channel.  Oppofite  this  fort,  fev- 
eral large  frames  of  timber,  headed 
with  iron  fpikes,  called  chevaux  de 
fri%es,  were  funk  to  prevent  the  Brit- 
ifh  (hips  froin  pafiing.  Since  the  peace, 
a  curious  m.achine  has  been  invented  in 
Philadelphia,  to  raile  them. 

Billet.    See  Hatborougb. 

BiLLYM^AD,  in  Caledonia  co.  in 
Vermont. 

BiMiNi  IJle,  one  of  the  Bahama 
illands,  near  the  channel  of  Bah.ima, 
and  E.  of  Cape  Florida.  It  is  about 
8  miles  in  length,  and  .is  much  in 
breadth  ;  covered  with  trees,  and  in- 
habited by  the  aborigines  of  America, 
It  is  very  difficult  of  accefs,  on  account 
of  the  ihoals  ;  but  is  a  pleafant  place, 
and  is  faid  to  have  a  good  harbor. 
N.  lat.  25.  V^.  long.  79,  30. 

BioBio,  or  Biopbio,  a  river  in  Chili, 
the  larg^.'ft  in  that  kingdom.  It  rifes 
in  the  Andes,  enters  the  S.  Sea  near  the 
city  of  Conception,  oppofite  the  ifle  of 
Avequirina,  in  lat.  37.  S.  ;  running 
through  veins  of  gold  and  fields  of  far-f 
faparillq.  It  is  the  bound.iry  between 
the  Spaniards  and  feveral  Indian  na» 
tions,  their  enemies  ;  which  obliges 
them  to  keep  ftrong  garrifons  upon  it. 

Bird  Fort,  on  Monongahela  R.  40 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Pitt. 

Biros  Keys,  a  rock  or  ifland  among 

th«- 


V        11 


B  L  A 


B  L  A 


,*'!'S; 


m 


the  Virgin  ifles,  in  th«  W.  Indies.  It  is 
round,  and  lies  abnut  i  leagues  S.  of 
St.  John's.  It  has  its  name  from  the 
quantities  of  birds  which  rcfort  there. 
N.  lat.  17.  55.  W.  long.  63.  30. 

BiRU,  a  town  10  leagues  from  Trux- 
illa,  in  the  S.  Sea,  ip  the  empire  of  Pe- 
ru ;  inhabited  by  about  80  Indians, 
Spaniards,  Mulattoes,  and  Mellecs.  It 
is  very  fertile,  and  well  watered  by 
cmals  cut  from  the  river,  and  fo  con- 
veyed to  great  diftances  ;  as  at  Trux- 
illa.    S.  lat.  8.  24.  W.  long.  69. 17. 

Biscay  Bay,  is  in  the  N.  eaftem  cor- 
ner of  Trepafley  Bay  in  the  ifland  of 
Newfoundland  ;  which  lies  in  the  S. 
eaftem  part  of  the  illand. 

Biscay,  a  province  of  Mexico, 
abounding  in  filver  mine8,having  New- 
Mexico  on  the  N.  and  Florida  on  the 
W.  The  river  de  la  N^llas  runs  thro' 
a  great  part  of  it. 

BLAcr:  Lid,  lies  in  Weftmoreland 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  about  26  miles  £.  of 
Pittfburg^. 

Black  /'o/«/,  and  Blue  Point,  are 
capes,  withip  thofe  of  Elizabeth  and 
Pprpoifc,  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine. 

Black  R.  Ttiere  arip  itwp  fmall 
rivers  of  this  namie  in  Vermont,  one 
falls  into  Conne^icut  R.  at  Springfield, 
the  other  runs  N.  into  Lake  Memphre- 
magog. 

Black  R.  in  N.  York,  int^rlpcks 
with  Canada  Creek,  and  runs  N.  W. 
into  Iroquois  river,  boatable  60  miles. 
Alfo,  a  long  river  which  rii'es  in  Vir- 

finia,  and  paflTes  fouth  eafterly  into 
ifottaway  R.  in  N.  Carolina. 
Black  River,  a  Britifli  fettlemcnt 
at  the  mouth  of  Tinto  R.  ao  leagues  to 
the  E.  of  Cape  Honduras,  the  only  ha;-- 
bor  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Finna,  from 
the  ifland  of  Rattan  to  Cape  Gracias 
a  pios,  and  was  for  more  than  60  years 
the  refuge  of  the  logwood  cutters, 
when  the  Spaniards  drove  them  from 
the  forefts  of  Eaft  Yucatan,  which  op- 
cafioned  adventurers  of  different  kinds 
to  fettle  here,  where  the  coaft  is  fandy, 
low  and  fwampy  (  higher  up  near  the 
rivers  and  lagoons,  vvhich  are  full  of 
fifli,  the  foil  IS  more  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces plantanes,  cocoa-trees,  maize, 
yams,  potatoes,  and  variety  of  vegeta- 
bles ;  and  the  pafldon  for  drinking 
fpirits,  made  them  plant  fugar  c^nes. 
The  forefts  are  full  of  deer,  Mexican, 
fwiiit  and  game.    The  (hor^ 3  abounc! 


with  turtle,  and  the  woods  with  ma- 
hogany, zebra-wood,  farfaparilla,  Sec. 
and  indeed  the  whole  fettlement  flour, 
iflies  fpontaneoufly  withoi^t  cultivation. 

Black  it.  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
pafles  through  a  level  country,  ia  the 
decpeft  and  largeft  in  the  ifland,  9nd 
will  admit  flat  botton^ed  boats  and 
canoea  for  about  30  miles. 

Blackstone,  a  fmall  R.  which  has 
its  fource  in  Ramfliorp  pond,  in  Sut- 
ton, A^affachufettH,  and  after  paffing 
through  Providpiice,  empties  into  Nar- 
raganiet  Bay  at  Briftol,  receiving  in  its 
courfc  a  nuipber  of  tributary  ftreams. 

Bladen,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina, 
in  Wilmington  diftri<5t.  It  has  5084 
inhabitants,  including  16761  flaves. 

BLADEN3BURG,apofttowninPrincc 
Qeoi-ge  CO.  Maryland,  on  the  caftern 
bank  of  the  eaftem  branc|t  of  Potow- 
mack  R.  at  the  confluence  of  the  N, 
W.  and  N.  £.  branches  ;  9  miles  from 
Its  mouth  at  the  Federal  City ;  38  S. 
W.  from  Baltiqiore,  ^nd  12  N.  E.  from 
Alexandria,  in  Virginia.  It  contains 
abp\it  150  hpufes,  ^nd  a  ware-houfe 
for  the  infpeftioQ  of  tobacco. 

Blai^u,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  ofW. 
Floridi,  in  the  gutf  pf  Mexico,  is  a 
promorito<7  which  feparates  the  bay  of 
Apalache  on  the  B.  from  that  or  St. 
Jofeph ;  into  which  li^  it  turns  in  the 
fliape  of  a  Qiepherd's  cirook, 

Blanca,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  in 
New-Spain,  North  An;ierica.  Its  water 
is  faid  to  have  a  petrifying  quality,  yet 
is  clear,  and  does  qq  harm  to  man  or 
beaft  that  drinks  of  it.  ^ 

Blanco  Capes.  There  ^re  many 
capes  of  this  name,  as  follow,  i.  The 
N.  weftern  point  oF  the  bay  of  Salinas, 
in  the  loth  degree  of  N.  latitude  ;  and 
on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Pirma  ;  and,  in 
Other  maps,  is  called  the  N.  weftern 
point  of  the  gulf  of  Nicoya. — x.  On 
the  coaft  of  California,  aX  the  broadeft 
part  of  the  peninfiila,  in  the  3  ad  degree 
ofN,  latitude.— 3.  On  the  N.W.  coaft 
of  America,  in  New- Albion,  fouthward 
pf  the  mouth  of  what  has  been  called 
the  River  of  the  fVeJI,  in  the  44th  de- 
gree of  N.  latitude. — A'  A  promontory 
of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  on  the  coaft  of 
the  S.  Sea,  lao  m^Ues  S.  W.  of  Guaya- 
quil,  S.  lat.  3.49.  VIT. long.  83. — 5.  A 
cape  in  the  fouthtm  ocean,  on  the  £. 
tide  of  Patagonia,  S.  caft  ward  of  Julian 

Bay, 


oods  with  ma- 
arfaparilUt  &c. 
rttlement  flour- 
lOut  cultivation, 
nd  of  Jamaica, 
country,  i*  the 
the  in^nd,  and 
i^ed  boats  and 
Ics. 

]1  R.  which  has 
I  pond,  in  Sut- 
d  after  pafTing 
npties  into  t^m- 

recciving  in  its 
butary  ftreams. 
3f  T^.  Carolina, 
;.  It  has  5084 
;676  Oaves. 
fttowninPrincc 

on  the  eaftern 
inc|)  of  Potow- 
eace  of  the  N. 
I ;  9  miles  firom 
ral  City  ;  38  S. 
d  laN.E.from 
ia.  It  contains 
I  a  ware-houfe 
b^cco. 

he  coaft  of  W. 
>f  Mexico,  is  a 
trates  the  bay  of 
-om  that  of  St. 
^  it  turns  in  the 
rook, 

the  province  of 
;  of  Mexico,  in 
:rica.  Its  water 
ing  quality,  yet 
larm  to  man  or 

here  ^rc  many 
allow.    I.  The 

bay  of  Salinas, 
.  latitude  ;  and 
Fiona  ;  and,  in 
the  N.  weftern 
Jicoya. — %.  On 

at  the  broadeft 
1  the  3  ad  degree 
theN.W.coaft 
}ion,  fouthward 
has  been  called 
in  the  44th  de- 

A  promontory 

on  the  coaft  of 
.  W.  of  Guaya- 
ong.  83.-5.  A 
:ean,  00  the  E. 
tward  of  Julian 
Bay, 


B  L  0 

[ay,  in  the  47th  degree  of  S.  latitude, 
leagues  W.  of  Pepys's  Idand. 
fiLANCO,  or  Blancat  an  Ifland  35 
agues  from  Terra  Firma,  and  N.  of 
argarita  I.  in  the  province  of  New- 
ndalufia.  It  is  flat,  low,  and  unin- 
bitcd  ;  havirtg  favannahs  of  long 
afs  ;  is  dry  and  healthy  ;  has  plenty 

guanas,  and  fome  trees  of  lignum- 
ae.    N.  lat.  11.  $<>-  W.  long.  64. 50. 

LANCO,  an  ifland  on  the  S.  eaflern 
of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  in 

,v-Spain.   N.  lat.  ai.  W.long.  88. 5. 

LANDFORD,  a  townlhlp  in  Lunen- 

_  c'>.  on  Mahon  Bay,  Nova-Scotia, 

ed  by  a  few  families. 
Blanoford,  a  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
re  CO.  MalTachufetts,  W.  of  Connec- 

;t  R. ;  about  215  miles  S.  W.  of 

brthampton,  and  116  W.  of  Bofton. 

has  235  houies,  and  141 6  inhabitants. 

)^ LANDFORD,  a  town  in  Prince 

orge  Co.  Virginia,  about  4  miles  N. 

from  Peterfburgh,  and  is  within  its 

'fdidtion.     It  contains  stoo  houfes 

HOC  inhabitants,  and  is  pleafantly 

ated  on  a  plain,  on  the  eaftern 

Hch  of  Appaniattox  R.    Here  are 

jttlny  large  ftores,  and  3  tobacco  ware- 

fes,  which  receive  annually  6  or 
o  hhds.    It  is  a  thriving  place ;  and 

marlhes  in  its  vicinity  being  now 
ined,  the  air  of  this  tAwn,  and  that 
Peterfburgh,  is  much  meliorated. 
Blas,  St.  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 

North  Pacific  Ocean,  near  which, 
the  S.  E.  ftands  the  town  of  Corn- 
elia, in  the  province  of  Zalifca,  in 

-Spain. 
Bledsoe  LieJt,  in  the  ftate  of  Ten- 
e,  lies  34  miles  from  Big  Salt  Lick 
■rifon,  and  36  from  Naftiville. 
"lock  I/lanJ,  called  by  the  Indians 
tmjes,  lies  about  ai  miles  S.  S.  W. 
Newport,  and  is  in  Newport  co. 
:e  of  Rhode-Ifland.  It  was  ercifted 
a  townfliip,  named  Nenv-Shore- 

,  in  167a.  This  iOand  is  46  miles 
length,  and  its  extreme  breadth  is 
miles.    It  has  68a  inhabitants,  in- 

ing  47  flaves.     It  is  famous  for 

e  and  flieep,  butter  and  cheefe  : 

d  the  ledges  of  the  ifland  con- 
ble   quir.ities  of  cod  fifli   are 

ht.    The  fouthem  part  of  it  is  in 

at.  41.  8. 

LOCKLEY,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
00.  Pennfylvahia. 

LooMFiELD,  a  townfljip  in  Onta- 


B  L  U 

rin  CO.  Nfcw-York.  By  the  ftate  <<fl- 
fus  of  1796, 151  of  the  inhabitants  were 
elefturs. 

BloominC  FaUt  a  trift  of  lahd  in 
the  townfliip  of  Manlius,  New-Yorfc 
ftate,  on  Butternut  Creek. 

Blount,  a  new  county  in  tlic  ftate 
of  Tenefl'ee. 

Blountsville,  ini  N.  Carolina*  is 
on  the  poft  road  from  Flalifax  to  Ply- 
mouth, 49  miles  from  Plymouth,  and 
5j  from  Williamftown. 

BluefiElds  Bay,  lies  S.  eaftward 
of  Savannah-la-mar,  in  the  illand  of 
Jamaica,  having  good  anchorage  for 
large  veflels.    N.  lat.  i3.  lo^.  W.  long. 

Fluehill,  a  towruT.ip  in  HancocK. 
CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  on  the  W.  fide  pf 
Union  R.  344  miles  N.  E.  of  Bofton, 
and  13  E.  of  Penobfcot;  having  474 
inhabitants. 

Blue  Hill  Bay,  is  formed  by  Naf- 
keag  Point  on  the  W,  and  Mount  De- 
Cirt  I.  on  the  E.  It  extends  nortlierly 
up  to  a  mountain  on  the  E.  of  Penob- 
fcot R.  which,  from  its  appearance  at 
fea,  is  called  Blue  Hill.  Union  R. 
empties  into  this  bay. 

Blue  Hills,  a  range  of  mountains  in 
New  England  ;  whofe  firft  ridge  in 
li'ew-Hampftiire  pafles  thro'  Rocheftef^ 
Barrington,  and  Nottingham. 

Blue  Mountains,  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  extend  from  S.  W.  to 
N.  E.  and  a  fliort  way  acrofs  the  Dela- 
ware. 

Alfo,  a  range  of  mountains  which  run 
from  S.  E.  to  N.  W-  through  Surry 
CO.  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Blue  Ridge.  The  firft  ridge  of  the 
Alleghany  Mount/tins,  in  Pennfylvania 
and  Virginia,  is  called  the  Blue  Ridge ; 
and  is  about  130  miles  from  the  Atlan- 
tic. It  is  about  4000  feet  high,  mea- 
furing  from  its  bafe  j  and  between  it 
and  the  North  Mountain  is  a  large  fer- 
tile vale.  The  palTage  of  the  Potlow- 
mack  through  this  ridge  is  one  of  the 
nloft  ftupendous  fcences  in  nature.  Seu 
Alleghany  Mountains,  aad  Potoivmack 
River. 

Blue  Licks,  on  the  main  branch  of 
Licking  R.  in  Kentucky,  are  fituated 
about  8  miles  wefterly  fi-om  the  Upper 
Blue  Licks.  Both  are  on  the  N.  eaft-; 
em  fide  of  the  river ;  the  latter  is  about 
15  miles  N.  E.  of  Millers. 

Quvn  Spring,  lies  between  Big  Bar-^ 

ren 


,.m! 


B  O  L 


h  Olt 


fpn  and  Little  Barren  rivers,  S.  branches 
of  Green  R.  in  Mcrccr'H  co.  Kentucky  ; 
iibout  similes  S.  wcfterly  from  Sul- 
phur Spring,  and  13  S.  of  Craigs  Fort, 
on  the  N.  fide  of  Grctn  U. 

Blue  Stone  Creek,  a  fmall  wcftcrn 
branch  of  the  Great  Kanhaway. 

BocCa-Chica,  the  ftraitor  entrance 
into  the  harbor  of  CarthagOna,  in  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America  ;  defended  by  fevc- 
ral  forta  and  guns,  which  were  all  talen 
by  the  Britifli  forces  in  1741. 

Bocc  a-df.l-Dr  AGO,  a  ftrait  between 
the  idand  of  Trinidad  and  AndaUlfia,  in 
the  province  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Ame- 
rica. 

Bodwell'j  Fnfh,  in  Mcmmack  R. 
lie  between  Andover  and  Methucn, 
about  i  miles  below  Patuclcet  Falls.  A 
company  was  incorporated  in  Fcb.i  796, 
for  building  a  bridge  neaf  this  fpot ; 
between  thetwoftates  of  Maflachufetts 
and  New-Hampniire. 

BoEUf ,  jL/?,  a  place  in  the  N.  wcft- 
ern  corner  of  Pennfylvania,  at  the  heail 
of  the  N.  branch  of  French  Creek,  and 
50  miles  from  Fort  Franklin,  where 
this  Creek  joins  the  Alleghany  ;  m"caf- 
tiring  the  ^iftance  by  water.  The 
French  fort  of  Le  Bocuf,  from  which 
the  place  has  its  name,  lay  about  2  miles 
E.  from  Small  Lake,  which  is  on  the  N. 
branch  of  French  Creek  ;  and  from  Le 
Boeuf,  there  is  a  portage  of  14  miles 
northerly,  to  Prefque  Ide,  in  Lake  Erie ; 
where  the  French  had  another  fort. 

From  Le  Boeuf,  to  Prefque  Ifle,  is  a 
continued  chefnut-bottom  fwamp  (ex- 
cept for  about  one  mile  from  the  form- 
er, and  two  from  the  latter)  and  the 
road  between  thefe  two  places,  for  9 
miles,  15  years  ago,  xfras  made  with 
logs,  laid  upon  the  fwamp.  N.  lat. 
42. 1.  W.  long.  79.  53.  ad. 

Bohemia,  abroad,  navigable  ri^er, 
10  miles  long.  Which  runs  W.  N.  W. 
into  Elk  Riiver,  in  Maryland,  11  miles 
below  Elkton. 

Bo  H I  o,  a  river  of  Chili,  in  S.  America. 

BoLABOLA,  one  of  the  Society  IJlety 
which  fee. 

BoLrNBROKE,  a  town  in  Talbot  co. 
eaftern  fliore  of  Maryland,  and  j  miles 
E.  of  Oxford.  It  lies  on  the  N.  W. 
point  of  Choptank  River. 

BoLTOn,  atownlhip  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  on  Onion  R.  about  104 
miles  N.  N.  E.  from  Bennington,  hav- 
ing 88  inhabitants. 


Bolton,  a  townlhipin  Tolland  ctii 
Connecticut,  incorporated  in  1720;  and 
was  fettled  fro-n  Weathersfield,  Hart- 
ford, and  Windfur,  14  miles  E.  from 
Hartford. 

BoLTOK,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefttr 
CO.  MafTachufettls  ;  18  miles  N.  E. 
from  Worcefter,  and  34  W.  from  Bof- , 
ton.  It  contains  861  inhabitants.— 
There  is  a  fine  bed  of  limtftone  in  thii 
town,  from  which  confiderable  quanti- 
ties of  good  linW  are  made  yearly. 

BoMUARDK,  a  fort  and  village  on  the 
north  peninl'ula  of  St.  Domingo  Iflatid, 
about  3  leagues  N.  of  La  Plate  Fornit'; 
6  S.  E.  of  the  Mole,  and  22  from  Port 
de  Paix,  as  the  road  runs.  N.  lat, 
19.  4i'. 

BoM  BAY  Hooky  an  illand  atthe mouth 
of  Delaware  R.  about  8  miles  long  and  ■ 
2  broad,  formed  by  the  Delaware  on 
the  eaftern  fide,  and  Duck  Creek  and 
Little  Duck  Creek  on  the  Maryland 
fide ;  thele  are  united  together  by  a 
natural  canal.  It  is  propofcd  to  con 
nt(ft  Delaware  R.  with  Chefapeak  Bay, 
by  a  canal  froni  Duck  Creek  to  tl.i: 
bay,  through  Chefter  R.  See  Chejlc 
kiwr.  The  N.  W.  end  of  Bombai 
Hook  is  about  47  miles  from  Capt 
HenTopen  and  May,  from  the  Hookt. 
Reedy  I.  is  9  miles. 

Bombazine  Rapids,  on  a  river,  i: 
Lincoln  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  ar; 
navigable  for  boats  with  fome  ladin.. 
at  a  middling  pitch  of  water.  Tlic; 
took  their  name  from  Bombazine,  r 
Indian  warrior,  who  was  Ilaih  by  tk 
Englilh  in"  attempting  to  crofs  them. 

Bombazine,  a  lake,  7  or  8  mili' 
long;  in  the  townfliip  of  Caftleton,  Ru. 
land  CO.  Vermont. 

Bonaire,  an  ifland,  almoff  unir 
habited,  on  the  coaft  of  Venizuela,  i 
the  kingdom  of  Terra  Firma,  about ; 
leagues  from  the  continent,  and  14 1 
of  Cura9oa,  and  belongs  to  the  Dutciv 
It  is  about  18  leagues  in  compafs,  aiu 
has  a  good  bay  and  road  on  the  S.  Vi. 
fide,  near   the    middle  of  the  illand  ■ 
Here  formerly  were  a  few  houfes,  ant 
a  fort  with  a  few  foldiers.    There  wer; 
alfo  5  or  6  Indian  families  who  plantc: 
maize,  yams,  potatoes,  &c.    There  r 
plenty  of  cattle  and  goats^  which  th«i^ 
fend  felted  to  Cura5oa  annually.  Thert| 
is  a  felt  pond  here,  where  the  Dutd| 
come  for  felt.    N.  lat.  la;.  16.  W.  longi 
68.  18. 

BoNAVENTUilll 


•1«r 


I 


pin  Tolland  till 
ted  in  1710;  ami 
ithcrsfidd,  Hart-  , 
4  miles  E.  from 

lip  in  Worccfttr 
[8  miles  N.  E. 
54  W.  from  Bof- , 
1  inhabitants.— 
limcftone  in  thi> 
ifiderablc  quanti- 
ude  yearly. 
md  village  on  the 
Domingo  inand, 
La  Plate  Forme; 
ind  a  a  from  Port 
d  runs.     N.  lat, 

(landatthemouth 
t  8  miles  long  and 
the  Delaware  on 
Duck  Creek  and 
on  the  Maryland 
sd  together  by  a 
propofed  to  con 
th  Chefapeak  Bay, 
ick  Creek  to  tl.i: 
r  R.  Sec  Cb^Jlr 
,  end  of  Bomba; 
miles  from  Capt 
from  the  Hookt 

ds,  on  a  river,  isi 
H:  of  Maine,  an;' 

with  fome  ladinf. 

of  water.    Thc;l 
m  Bombazine,  i" 

was  flaiii  by  th 
g  to  crofs  them, 
ike,  7  or  8  mi!(' 
>ofCaftleton,  Ru; 

and,  almoft  unit 
ft:  of  Venizuela,  i'^ 
ra  Firma,  about  j:':^ 
tntinent,  and  14  ^i, 
longs  to  the  Dutcii 
es  in  compafs,  mM 

road  on  the  S.  \V, 
Idle  of  the  ifland-] 

a  few  houfes,  an( 
Idiers.    There  via 
imilics  who  plantt: 
se8,&c.    There  ar 
[  goats^  which  thff| 
;oa  annually.  Thenl 
,  where  the  Dutdi 
lat.iai.  i6.W.loBi. 

BoNAVENTUml 


B  0  k 

Ron  A  VENTURA,  a  bay,  harbor,  and 
Kirt,  of  S.  America,  in  Papayan,  90 
miles  E.  of  Call.  N.  lat.  ,\.  to.  W. 
lon^;.  7?.  18.  It  is  the  ftaple  port  of 
Call,  Papayan,  Santa  Fe,  Sec. 

Don Av  I  sTA,  Cnfie  and  Bay  of,  lie  on 
\\Vx  K.  fide  of  Ntwloundland  Idand. 
[The  cape  lies  in  N.  lat.  48.  1,5.  W.long. 
\ji.  T,2.   and  was  difcovtred   by  John 
Caliot,  and  his  fun  Scbaftian,  in  1497, 
in   the  ftnice  of  Henry  VII.  king  of 
ii,;iam!.    The  bay  is  formed  by  this 
jje  and  that  of  Cape  Frecls,  15  leagues 
irt. 

BoNHAMTOWK,   in   Middlcfex    co. 
ew-Jtrfey,  lies  about  6  miles  N.  E. 
•om  New-Bi-unfwick. 
BnoNK  Bay,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
cwfonndlami  I  ;  aj  leafiucsN.by  E. 
if  St.  Georges  Harbor.   N.  lat.  49. 35. 
Boon r. TO. V, a  fmall  poft  tow:i  n  Sul'- 
X  ct).  New-Jerfcy,  on  the  poit  road 
twecn   Rockaway  and  Sulfex  <x)urt- 
loufe  ;  lib  miles  from  Phtiadrlphia. 
Boon   I/laiui,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
iftrid  of  Maine,  between  the  mouth 
if  York  R.  and  Cape  Neddock. 

BooNSBOROUGH,  in  Maddifon  co. 
k.>'ntuckyj  lies  on  the  S.  fide  of  Ken- 
lucky  R.  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek, 
.^o  miles  S.  E.  of  Lexington,  and  the 
^^ inie  diltance  N.  E.  from  Danville.  N. 

Boon'j  Creek,  a  fmall  N.  branch  of 
Kentucky  R. 

Booth  Bay,  a  town  and  bay  on  the 
■J^'toaft  of  I/tncohi  co*  Diftrldt  of  Maine, 
n  N.  lat.  43.  42.  about  2  miles  W.  of 
cmaquid  Point.     The  bay  ftretches 
ithin  the  land  about  la  miles,  and  re- 
eives  two  fmall  ftreams.    On  it  ia  a 
[own,  having  997  inhabitants. 
BoPQi'AM,  or  M'^iam  Ban  on  t.hr 
lide  of  L.  Champlain,  is  fitiiated  in 
waritown, Vermont,  and  has  Hogl.on 
e  N.  at  the  mouth  of  Michifcoui  R. 
BoQUET  R.  pafleS  through  the  town 
if  Willlborough,  in  Clinton  co.  New- 
"ork,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  about 
miles  ;  and  is  there  internipted  by 
ills,  on  which  are  mills.    At  this  place 
e  the  remains  of  an  intrenchment 
irown  up  by  General  Burgoyne. 
B0R.DENTOWN,  a  pleafant  town  in 
irlington  co.  New-Jerfey,  is  fituated 
the  mouth  of  Crofswicks  Creek,  on 
e  E.  bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Delaware 
6  miles  below  Trenton,  9  N.  E. 
■om  Burlington,  by  water,  and  15  by 
O 


fi  O  S 

land,  and  34  miles  N.  E.  from  Phila- 
dclphia  ;  and  through  this  town,  which 
contains  about  100  houfes,  a  line  of 
(tages  paflTcs  from  New- York  to  Phila- 
delphia. The  fccond  divifion  of  Hef- 
fians  was  placed  in  this  town,  in  De- 
cember, 1776  ;  and  by  the  road  lead- 
ing to  it,  600  men  of  that  nation  el'cap- 
ed,  ,'hcn  Gen.  Wafhington  fuiprifcd, 
and  made  prifoners  of  886  privates, 
and  a^  Heflian  officers,  at  Trenton. 

Borio,i;en,  or  Crabs  Ifland.  See 
Bieque. 

BoRGNE,  Lf.,  a  town  on  the  nortlt 
fide  of  the  northern  peninfula  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  3  Icajrucs  W. 
by  Nj  of  Port  Margot,  and  8  E.  by  S. 
of  Port  dt  Paix.    N.  lat.  19.  49. 

BoRjA,  a  town  in  Peru,  lituated  oa 
the  head  waters  of  Amazon  River. 

BoRjA,  a  town  in  Brazil,  on  the  S. 
caftern  ba'*k  of  Uraguay  River.  S.  lat. 
89.  If.  W.  lonjj.  56.  30. 

BoscAWEN,  a  townlhip  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  co.New-Hampfli!vc,on  the  weft- 
cm  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  nbove  Con- 
cord ;  43  miles  N.  W.  of  Exeter,  and 
38  S.  E.  of  Dartmouth  College  ;  hav-» 
ing  rio8  inhabitants.  Bofcawen  Hills 
are  in  this  neighborhood. 

Boston,  the  capital  of  the  fliate  of 
Maffachufetts,  the  largeft  town  in  New- 
England,  and  the  third  in  fize  and  rank 
in  the  United  States,  lies  in  4a.  43.  15. 
N.  lat.  and  70.  *i.  53.  W.  long.  This 
town,  with  the  towns  of  Hingham, 
Chelfea  and  Hull,  conftitute  the  county 
of  Suffolk  ;  176  miles  S.  W.  of  Wil'- 
caffet^  61  S.  by  W.  of  Portfmouth, 
164  N.  E.  of  New-Haven,  25  a  N.  E. 
of  New- York,  347  N.  E.  of  Philadel- 
phia, arid  500  N.  E.  of  the  city  of 
Wafhington.  Bofton  ia  built  upon  a 
peninfula  of  irregular  form  at  the  bot- 
tom of  Maflachufects  Bay,  and  is  join- 
ed to  the  main  Kind  by  an  ifthmus  on 
the  fouth  end  of  the  town  leading  to 
Roxbury.  It  is  two  miles  long  but  is  of 
unequal  breadth  ;  the  broadeft  part  is 
7a6  yards.  The  peninfula  contains 
about  700  acres  (other  accounts  fay 
1000)  on  v;hic|i  are  3,^76  dwelling 
houfes.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in 
1790  was  18,038,  but  the  increafe  has 
been  v'-v  confiderable  fince.  The 
town  is  inLcrfedted  by  97  ftreets,  36 
lanes,  and  a6  alleys,  befides  18  courts, 
&c.  moft  of  thefc  are  irrejrular.  and 
not    very    convenient.       State-fVreet, 

Gomu.on- 


ll 


■  1- 


SB 


/i!i 


BOS 

Common-fircet,  and  a  few  other'^,  are 
exceptions  1 1  this  genej*.-!!  chaincter  ; 
the  former  is  .rry  fpacious,  and  being 
i>n  a  line  with  Long  Wharf,where  ftran- 
gers  ufually  land,  exhibits  a  flattering 
idea  df  the  town.  ' 

Here  are  nineteen  edifices  for  piiblic 
worihip,  of  which  nine  are  for  Congre- 
gationalifts,  tlirco  for  Epifcopalians,and 
two  for  Baptifts  ;  ths  Friends,  Roman 
Catholics,  Methodifts,  Sandemanianfi 
and  Univerfidifts  have  one  each.  Aloft 
of  thele  arc  ornamented  with  beautiful 
fpirc',,  with  clocks  and  bells.  The 
other  public  buildin^T?  v.c  the  State- 
Houfe,  Court-HcHife,  two  Theatr<;s, 
Concert  Hall,  "anCviil  Hiill,  Gaol,  an 
Alms-Honfc,  a  Wovk-Houfc,  a  Bride- 
well and  Powder  Magazine.  Franklin 
Plact,  adjoining  Federal-  ftreet  Theatre, 
is  a  great  ornament  to  the  town  ;  it 
contains  a  monument  of  Dr.  Franklin, 
from  whom  it  takes  its  name,  and  ir. 
encompafied  on  two  fides  with  build- 
ings, which,  in  point  of  elegance,  arc 
not  exceeded,  perhaps,  in  the  United 
States.  Ht:ro  arc  kep,.  in  capacious 
rooms,  given  and  fi'te(\  up  for  the  pur- 
pcfe,  the  Boftun  Library,  and  the  valu- 
ablcColleftionsoftlieHiftoricalSo'-iety. 
Mofl  of  the  public  buildings  are  hand- 
rOiUc,  and  fome  of  them  are  elegant. 
A  magnificent  State-Houfc  is  now  ered:- 
ing  in  Bofton,  on  the  S.  fide  of  Beacon 
Hill,  fronting  the  Mall,  the  corner-ftoiie 
of  which  w:is  laid  with  great  formality 
and  parade  on  the  4Lh  of  July,  1795  ; 
and  whicli  over-tops  the  monument  on 
Beacon  Hill. 

The  Market  Place,  in  which  Faneuil 
li'all  is  fituated,  is  fupplied  with  all 
kinds  of  provifions  which  the  country 
affords.  The  fifh  market  in  particular, 
by  the  bountf.ous  fupplies  of  the  ocean 
and  rivers,  not  only  furnifhes  the  rich 
with  the  rareft  productions,  but  often 
provides  the  poor  with  a  cheap  and 
grateful  repaft. 

Boflon  Harbor,  is  formed  by  Point 
Alderton  on  the  S.  and  by  Nahant 
Point  on  the  N.  The  harbor  is  capa- 
cious enough  for  500  veficis  to  ride  at 
anchor  in  good  depth  of  water  ;  whilft 
the  entrance  is  fo  narrow  as  fcarcely 
to  admit  two  fliips  abrcaft.  It  is  va- 
riegated with  about  forty  iHands,  of 
which  fifteen  o.ily  can  be  properly 
called  fo  ;  the  others  being  fmall  rocks 
or  banks  of  fand,  flightly  covered  with 


0 


verdure.  Thefe  ill.inds  afford  cxccflenf 
pnfturage,  hay  and  grain,  and  furnifh 
agreeable  places  of  refort  in  fummer  to 
parties  of  pleafure.  Caftle  Ifland  is 
about  three  miles  from  the  town  ; 
its  fortifications,  formerly  called  Cafllc 
William',  defend  the  entrance  of  the 
harbor.  It  is  garrifoned  by  about  fifty 
foldier;!,  who  ferve  as  a  gUard  for  thr 
convi(5ls,  who  are  fent  here  to  hard 
labour.  The  convifts  are  chiefly  em- 
ploy .-d  in  making  nails. 

T.ie  Light-' V)ufe  ftands  on  a  fmall 
iiland  on  the  N.  entrance  of  the  chan- 
nel, (Point  Alderton  and  Nantaflcet 
Heights  being  on  the  S.)  and  is  about 
6?  feet  high.  To  fleer  for  it  from  Cape' 
Cod,  the  courfe  is  W.  N.  W.  when 
within'  one  league  of  the  Cape  ;  from 
Cape  Cotl  to  the  Light-IIoufe  is  about 
16  leagues ;  from  Cape  Ann  the  courfe- 
is  S.  W.  diflant  10  leagues.  A  cannon 
is  lodged  and  mounted  at  the  Light 
Houfe  to  anfwer  fignals. 

Only  feven  of  the  ifl.mds  in  the  bay 
f.re  within  the  jurifdidion  of  the  town, 
and  taxed  with  it,  viz.  Noddle's,  Hog, 
Long,  Deer,  Sptftacle,  Governor's  and 
Apple  inands. 

The  wharves  and  quays  in  Bofton 
arc  about  eighty  in  number,  and  very 
convenient  for  vefTels.  I>ong  Wharf, 
or  Bofton  Piei',  in  particular,  extends 
from  the  bottom  of  State-ftrect  1743 
feet  into  the  harbor  in  a  ftrait  line. 
The  breadth  is  104  feet.  At  the  end 
are  17  feet  of  water  at  ebb  tide.  Ad- 
joining to  this  wharf  on  the  north  is  a 
convenient  wharf  called  Minot's  T, 
from  the  name  of  it;!  former  proprietor 
and  its  form.  Vcifels  ar«.  ipplicdherc 
with  frcih  water  from  a  well  fun-ound- 
ed  by  fait  water,  which  has  been  dug 
at  a  great  expenfe.  Ix)Dg  Wharf  ii> 
covered  on  the  north  fide  with  large 
and  commodious  ftores,  and  in  every 
refpcct  exceeds  any  thing  of  the  kind 
in  the  United  States.  In  Fcbruaiy, 
1 796,  a  company  was  incorporated  to 
cut  a  canal  between  this  harbor  and 
Roxbury,  which  is   nearly  completed. 

The  view  of  the  town,  as  it  is  ap- 
proached from  the  fea,  is  truly  beauti- 
ful and  pidurefque.  It  lies  in  a  circu- 
lar and  pleafingly  irregular  form  round 
the  harbour,  and  is  ornamented  with 
fpires,  above  which  the  monument  of 
Beacon  Hill  rifes  pre-eminent ;  on  its 
top  is  a  gilt  eagle  bearing  the  arras  of 

:.j  -'   ^-1!        the 


rd  cxccflerif 
and  furnifh 

lummer  to 
e  Ifland  is 
the  town  ; 
ailed  Caftlc. 
nice  of  the 

about  fifty 

Uard  for  the 

ere  to  hard 

chiefly  em- 

on  a  fmall 
>f  the  chan- 
Nantaflcet 
and  is  about 
t  from  C.ipe 
W.  when 
ape  ;  from 
ufe  is  about: 
in  the  courfc 
.  A  cannon 
,t  the  Light 

5  in  the  bay 
of  the  town, 
ddlc's,  Hog, 
)vemor's  and 

^s  in  Bofton 
)er,  and  very- 
f.ong  Wharf, 
iilar,  extends 
Lc-ftrcct  1743 
a  (trait   line. 

At  the  end 
)b  tide.  Ad- 
he  north  is  a 

Minot's  T, 
er  proprietor 

ipplied  here 
,'cll  fun'ound- 
las  been  dug 
mg  Wharf  is 
le  with  large 
and  in  every 
:  of  the  kind 
In  Fcbruaiy, 
;oiporated  to 
.  harbor  and 
y  completed. 
,  as  it  is  ap- 
truly  beauti- 
es in  a  circu- 
r  form  round 
imented  with 
rionument  of 
nent ;  on  its 
the  arra«  of 
tlic 


BOS 

the  Union,  and  on  the  bafe  of  the  col- 
umn are  infcriptions,  commemorating 
fomc  of  the  moft  remarkable  events  of 
the  late  war.  Beacon  Hill  is  the  high- 
.cft  ground  on  the  pcninfula,  and  af- 
fords a  moft  delightful  and  extenfive 
profpedt.  The  Common  below  it  con- 
tains about  45  acres  always  open  to 
refrelhing  breezes ;  on  its  eaft  fide  is 
the  Mall,  a  very  pleafant  walk  above 
5C0  yards  in  length,  adorned  with  rows 
of  trees,  to  which  an  addition  of  about 
( 100  yards  has  been  lately  added. 
'  Charles  River  and  Weft  Bofton  bridges 
are  highly  ufeful  and  ornamental  to 
Bofton  ;  and  both  are  on  Charles  River, 
which  mingles  its  water*  with  thofe  of 
Myftic  River,  ia  Bolton  harbor.  Charles 
River  bridge  connei5ts  Bofton  with 
Charleftown  in  Middlefex  county,  and 
is  1503  feet  long,  42  feet  bnad.  Hands 
on  75  piers,  and  coft  tli.  uibfcribers 
50,000  dollars.    It  vt'as  opened  June 

ih>  1787. 

Feet  long. 
Weft  Bofton  bridge  ftands  on 


1 80  piers,  is 


3483 
275 


87-^ 
3344 


7810 
40 


Bridge  over  the  gore,  14  piers. 

Abutment  Bofton  fide, 

Caufeway, 

piftance  from  the  end  of  the 

Caufeway   to   Cambridge 

meeting-houfe. 
Width  of  the  Bridge, 

This  beautiful  bridge  exceeds  the 
o<:beras  much  in  elegance  as  in  length, 
and  coft  the  fubfcribers  76,700  dollars. 
Both  bridges  have  draws  for  the  ad- 
miffion  of  vefTels,  and  lamps  for  the 
benefit  of  evening  palfengers. 

Seven  Free  Schools  are  fupported 
here  at  the  public  expenfe,  in  which 
the  children  of  every  clafs  of  citizens 
may  freely  aflbclate  together.  The 
number  of  fcholars  is  computed  at 
about  900,  of  which  160  are  taught 
Latin,  &c.  There  are  befides  thefe 
many  private  fchools. 

The  principal  focieties  in  the  Com- 
monwealth hold  their  meetings  in  this 
town,  and  are,  the  Marine  Society, 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sci- 
cncfcs,Maflachufett3  Agricultural  Socie- 
ty, MaiTachufetts  Charitable  Society, 
Bofton  Epifcopal  Charitable  Society, 
MaiTachufetts  Hiftorical  Society,  Socie- 
ty for  propagating  the  Gofpel,  Mafla- 
duifetts  Congregational  Society,  Medi- 
cal Society,  Humane  Soc'ety,  Bofton 


BOS 

Library  Society,  Bofton  Mffchanic  Af- 
fociation.  Society  for  the  aid  of  Immi- 
grants, Charitable  Fire  Society,  and 
fcven  refpedable  Lodges  of  free  and 
accepted  Mafons. 

The  foreign  and  domeftic  trade  of 
Bofton  is  very  confiderable,  to  fupport 
which  tlieiv  are  three  Banks,  viz.  the 
Branch  of  the  United  States  Bank,  the 
Union,  and  the  Maflachufctts  Bank  ; 
the  latter  confifts  of  800  Ihares  of  500 
dollar?,  equal  to  400,000  ;  the  capital 
of  the  IJnion  Bank  is,  i,aoo,ooo  dollars, 
400,000  of  which  is  the  property  of  the 
State. 

In  1748,  500  veflels  cleared  out  of 
this  port  for,  and  430  were  entered 
from,  foreign  parts.  In  1784,  the  en- 
tries of  foreign  and  coafting  vefiels 
were  372,  and  the  clearances  450.  In 
1794,  the  entries  from  foreign  ports 
were  567.  In  1795,  thefe  entries  a- 
mounted  to  735,  of  which  the  Ihips 
were  96,  barques  3,  fnmvs  9,  polacre  i, 
brigs  185,  dogger  i,  fchooners  362, 
fhallop  I,  and  floops  65.  The  princi- 
pal manufedures  confift  of  rum,  loaf- 
fugar,  beer,  fail-cloth,  cordage,  wool 
and  cotton  cards,  playing  cards,  pot 
and  pearl  allies,  paper  hangings,  hats, 
plate,  glafs,  tobacco,  and  chocolate. 
There  are  thirty  diftilleries,  two  brew- 
eries, eight  fugax  houfes^  and  eleven 
i-opewalks. 

Eight  years  ago,  the  intercourfe  with 
the  country  barely  required  two  ftages 
and  twe  ve  horfes,  on  the  great  road 
between  this  and  New-Haven,  diftant 
164  milts  ;  whereas  there  are  now 
twenty  carriages  and  one  hundred  horf- 
es employed.  The  number  of  the  differ- 
ent ftages  that  run  through  the  week 
from  this  town  is  upwards  of  20,  eight 
years  ago  there  were  only  three. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  change 
the  government  of  the  town  from  its 
prefentform  to  that  of  a  city  ;  but  this 
meafure,  not  according  with  the  de- 
mocratic fpirit  of  the  people,  has  as  yet 
failed.  At  an  annual  meeting  in  March, 
nine  Seledmcn  are  chofen  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  town  ;  at  the  fame  time 
are  chofen  a  Town  Clerk,  a  Trcafurer, 
12  Overfeers  of  the  Poor,  twenty-four 
Firewards,  twelve  Clerks  of  the  Market, 
Ivvelve  Scavengers,  twelve  Conftables, 
befides  a  number  of  other  officers.  If 
the  inhabitants  do  not  reap  all  the  ad- 
vautages  they  have  a  right  to  expeft 

from 


'I 


l!'^ 


■tf  • 


'  "(1 


i 


Ill 


mmmm 


m 


BOS 

from  their  rmmerous  ofiiccrfe,  it  is  not 
for  want  of  wholefomc  laws  for  the  re- 
gulation of  the  weights,  meafures  and 
quality  of  provifions,  or  other  branches 
of  police,  but,  becatife  the  lanvs  are  not 
put  in  execution, 

Befides  thofe  called  Trained  Bands, 
there  are  four  other  militarv  companies 
in  Bofton,  viz.  the  Ancieni  and  Hon- 
ourable Artillery  Company,  the  Cadets, 
Fufiliers  and  Artillery.  The  Ancient 
«\nd  Honourable  Artillery  Company 
was  incorporated  in  i6j8,  and  the  elec- 
tion of  a  captain  and  officers  of  it  for 
the  year  is  on  the  firft  Monday  in  June 
annually,  which  is  obferved  here  as  a 
day  of  feftivity.  Several  officers  in  the 
American  army,  who  fignalized  them- 
felves  in  the  late  war,  received  their 
firft  knowledge  of  tables  jn  this  milita- 
ry fchool. 

Bofton  was  fettled  as  early  as  1631, 
from  Charleftown  ;  it  was  called  Shau 
mut  by  the  Indians  ;  Trimountain  by 
the  fettlers  in  Charleftown,  from  the 
■view  of  its  three  hills ;  and  had  its 
prefent  name  in  tclcen  of  refpedt  to  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Cotton,  a  minifter  of  Bofton 
in  England,  and  afterwards  minifter  of 
the  firft  church  here.  Bofton  w^o 
greatly  damaged  by  an  earthquake  in 
October  19,  1727,  and  fince  that  time 
has  fufFered  feverely  by  numerous  fires, 
the  houfes  being  moftly  built  of  wood. 
The  laft  large  fire  happened  July  30, 
1794,  and  conlumcd  96  houits,  rope- 
walks,  &c.  and  the  account  ol'  loffes 
given  in  by  the  fufferers  amounted  to 
ao9,86i  dollars. 

It  was  in  Bofton  that  the  Revolution 
origiiiated  which  gave  independence  to 
America,  and  from  thence  flew  like 
an  eltdtrical  fliock  throughout  the 
Union.  It  fuffered  much  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  by  the  lofs  of 
an  extenfive  trade,  and  other  calamities. 
Bofton  feels  a  pride  in  having  given 
birth  to  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  a  num- 
ber of  other  patriots,  who  were  among 
the  moft  adlive  and  influential  charac- 
ters in  effefting  the  revolution, 

BosTOs  Corner,  a  trad  of  land  ad- 
joining Mount  Walhington,  Berkfliire 
CO.  MalTachufetts,  contalng  67  inhabit- 
ants. 

Boston,  New,  a  townfhip  in  Hills- 
borough CO.  New-Hampfliire,  contain- 
laoa  inhabitants;  li  miles  S.  W. by 
W.  from  Amufteag  Falls :  60  miles 


BOW 

W.  of  Portfmouth,  and  a  like  diftance 
N.W.  of  Bofton. 

Botetourt,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
on  the  Blue  Ridge,  W.  of  which  are 
the  Sweet  Springs,  about  4a  miles  from 
the  Wanri  Springs,  Its  chief  town  iei 
Fincaftle. 

BoTTLEHiLL,  a  village  in  Somerfet 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  2  miles  N.  W.  from 
Chatham,  and  15  N.  W.  of  Elizabeth- 
town, 

Boudoir,  Le,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  S.  lat.  17.  52,  W.  long. 
from  Paris,  15. 25. ;  difcovered  April  z, 
1 768,  by  Bougan ville.  This  ifland,  the 
year  before,  had  been  difcovered  by 
Wallis,  and  named  Ofnaburg. — The 
natives  call  it  Maitea,  according  to 
the  report  of  Capt.  Cook,  who  vifited 
it  in  1769.  C^iros  difcovered  this  ifl- 
and in  1606,  and  called  it  la  Dezana. 
See  Ofnaburg. 

Bouganville'j  Straits,  are  at  the 
N.  W.  end  of  the  ifles  of  Solomoi;. 

Bougie  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  North 
Carolina,  between  Core  Sound  and  Lit- 
tle Inlet, 

BouNDBROOK,  a  village  in  Somerfet 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Rariton  River, 

Bourbon,  Fort,  in  the  ifland  of 
Martinico,  in  the  Weft-Indies. 

Bourbon  Co.  in  Kentucky,  between 
Licking  and  Kentucky  rivers,  contains 
78,57  inhabitants,  including  908  Haves. 

Bourbon,  a  poft  town  and  cjpitj-".! 
pf  the  above  county,  ftands  on  a  point 
of  land  formed  by  two  of  the  fouthcrn 
branches  of  Licking  R.  ;  22  mil-^s  N, 
E.  of  Lexington,  21  eafterly  of  Leba- 
non, and  749  W.  S.W.  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  contains  about  60  houfes,  a 
Baptift  church,  a  court-houie  and  gaoL 
There  are  feveral  valuable  mills  in  its 
vicinity. 

Bow,  is  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
CO,  New-Hampfhire,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Merrimack  R.  a  little  S.  of  Concord. 
It  contains  568  inhabitants. 

BowDoiN,  a  to\vnfhip  in  Lincoln 
CO,  diftridt  of  Maine,  on  the  N.  eaftern 
bank  of  Androfcoggin  R. ;  dirtant  from 
York,  N.  eafterly,  36  miles,  and  from 
the  mouth  of  Kennebeck  R.  6  miles, 
and  166  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  It  contains 
983  inhabitants. 

BowDOiNHAM,  .1  townfliip  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  diftridt  of  Maine,  fcparated 
from  Pownaiborough  E,  and  Wool- 
wich 


E.  fror 
Bow 

ginia,  ( 
iFrederi 
land  2j 
Box 
lefcx 
12  inl 
lofton 
Box 
.  Mi 
Its. 

imack 

lurypc 

[wo  pa 

Boy 

:er  co. 

labitar 

:er,  axu 

incoipi 

larifli  > 

ficontair 

'land,  V 

Boz 

CO.  Co 

the  tov 

Hartfo: 

,     Bra 

jGen.  13 

|of  his 

Siell  int 

:,hidly 

feated 

were  t 

jjcontini 
rear  gi 
ton, th 
prcferv 
jtireiy  t 
jAjreek, 
gahela 
'burg. 

Bra 
Lake  ( 
Sodus, 

_]3r.A 
Ihips  i 

BRi! 

MalTu 
of  Ml 
and  i( 
has  iw 
Quant 
here  f 


Ike  diftance 

in  Virginia, 

'  which  are 

miles  fiom 

lief  town  is 

in  Somerfet 
J.  W.  from 
f  Elizabeth- 

fland  in  the 
2,  W.  long, 
red  April  2, 
s  ifland, the 
covered  by 
burg. — The 
xording  to 
who  vifited 
red  this  ill- 
/«  Dczana, 

,  are  at  the 
oiomon. 
ift  of  North 
Hid  and  Lit-. 

in  Somerfet 
M.  bank  of 

le  idand  of 

lies. 

ky,  between 
;rs,  contains 
y  908  Haves. 
and  cjpitjil 
s  on  a  point 
he  foiithern 
22  mili^s  N, 
ly  of  Leba- 
m  Philadel- 
')0  houfes,  .1 
ife  and  gaol, 
mills  in  its 

Rockingham 
le  W.  bank 
of  Concord. 

in  Lincoln 
e  N.  eaftcrn 
dillant  from 
s,  and  from 
R.  6  miles, 

It  contains 

(liip  in  Lin- 
;,   fcpa  rated 
and  Wool- 
wich 


BRA 

[w\ch  S-E.  by  Kennebeck  R.  It  has 
JI455  inhabitant.-^,  and  liea  171  TmWes  N. 
[i;.  from  B'jfton. 

r  Bowl  IMG  Green,  a  village  in  Vir- 
[ginia,  on  the  poft  road,  zz  miles  S.  of 
if  redericklburg,  4S  N.  of  Richmond, 
md  25  N.  of  Hanover  court-houfe. 

BoxBOROUGH,  a  townlhip  in  Mid- 
.dlefcx  CO.    MaffachiifettR,    containing 
7112  inhabitants  ;  30  miles  N.  W,  from 
JPofton. 

■    BoxFORD,  a  fniP.ll  townfhip  in  EiTex 
Mafldchufetts,  liaving  925  inhabit- 
its.    It  lies  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  Mer- 
imack  R.  7  miles  weftcrly  of  New- 
i>uryport.    In  the  foiithernmoft  pf  its 
Iwo  parities  is  a  bloomery. 
j   BoYLSTON,  a  townfhip  in  Worcef- 
%cv  CO.  Maflachufetts,  having  839  in- 
habitants ;  10  miles  N.  E.  of  Worcef- 
N^^fier,  and  45  N.  W.  of  Bofton.    It  was 


I 


^incorporated  in   1786,  having  been  a 
■parifli  of  Shrcwfijury  fince  174a  ;  arjd 
j«ontains  by   furvey,    14, ,",96  acres  of 
land,  well  watered,  and  of  a  rich  foil. 
BozRAH,  a  town  in  New-London 
CO.  Connedicut,  formerly  a  parifli  in 
the  town  of  Norwich,  36  miles  E.  from, 
Hartford. 

Braddock'j  Fi^IJ,  the  place  where 
en.  Braddock,  with  the  firfl  divifion 
f  his  army,  coniifting  of  1400  men, 
fell  into  an  amhuloade  of  4  do  nien, 
hieily  Indians,  by  whom  he  was  de- 
feated and  mortally  wounded,  July  9, 
J 755.  The  American  militia,  who 
were  difdain fully  turned  in  the  rtar, 
ontinued  unbroken  and  I'erved  as  a 
rear  guard,  and,  i.ndcr  Col.  Waftiing- 
ton,  the  late  Prefident  of  the  U.  S.  A. 
prcferved  the  regulars  from  being  en- 
'tircly  cut  oft'.  It  is  iituated  on  Turtle 
ivCreck,  on  the  N.  E.  ban!:  of  Monon- 
gahela  R.  6  miles  E.  S.  E.  from  Pittl'- 
'burg. 

Bp-ADDOCK'^f  Bay,  on  the  S.  fide  of 
Lake  Ontario,  42  miles  W.  from  Great 
Sodus,  and  65  E.  i'rom  Fort  Niagara. 

BrvADFORD,  Eufi  and  W;;//,  arc  lown- 
Ihips  in  Chtfter  co.  Pennl'ylvavua. 

Bradford,  a  townfl\ip  in  Edex  co. 
MaffichufettR,  li'aiated  on  the  S.  fide 
of  Merrimack  R.  oppofite  liavirrhill, 
and  10  milco  W.  of  Newhuryport.  It 
Jias  two  pavifiies,  and  1371  inhabitants. 
Quantities  of  leather  Ihoes  arc  made 
here  for  exportation  ;  and  in  th.  low- 
f\  parilh  I'ome  vcirels  are  buiit.  Sev- 
t'i.:l  Iheams  fall  into  the  Merrimack 


BRA 

from  this  town,  which  fiipport  a  imn-,. 
ber  of  mills  of  various  kinds. 

Bradpord,  a  tovvplhip  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  CO.  New-Hamplh:ro,  containing 
217  inhabitants,  incorporated  in  1760  ; 
20  miles  E.  of  Charkflown. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Con- 
nedlicut  R.  about  20  r-'ks  above  Dart- 
ifiouth  College,  having  (),<r4  inhabitants, 
'ihcrc  is  a  remarkable  ledge  of  rocks 
in  this  townlhip,  as  much  as  soo  feet 
hij^'h.  It  appears  to  hang  over,  and 
threaten  the  traveller  as  he  pafles.  The 
fpace  between  tliis  ledge  and  Connecti- 
cut River  is  fcarcely  wide  enough  for  x 
road. 

Braga,  Ha,  now  Fort  Dauphin,  in 
the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Braintree,  a  townfliip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  lies  75  miles  N.  eaftward 
of  B?nnington.  It  joins  Kingfton  weft- 
ward,  Fi.andolph  on  the  eaftward,  and 
contain«  221  inhabitants. 

Braintrce,  one  of  the  moft  ancient 
toivnihips  in  Norfolk  co.  in  the  ftate 
of  Maflachufetts,  was  fettled  in  162.;, 
and  then  called  Mount  JVoolaJlon,  from 
the  name  of  its  founder.  It  lies  on  a 
bay,  8  liiiles  E.  of  S.  from  Bofton,  and 
contained, before  its  divifion,  400  houfc3 
and  2771  inhabitants.  Great  quanti- 
ties of  granite  Hones  arc  fent  to  Bofton 
from  this  town  for  fale.  The  bay 
abounds  with  fifh  and  lea  fowl,  and 
particularly  brants.  This  town  ir.  noted 
for  haying  produced,  in  former  and  lat- 
ter times,  the  firil  ch.iradtf;rs  both  in 
churcli  and  ftate  ;  and.  In  dlftant  ages, 
will  derive  no  fmall  de^'rt'c  of  fame,  for 
having  given  birth  to  John  Adams, 
the  fii-ft  Vicc-Piefident,  and  tiie  fecr)nd 
Prcfident  of  the  United  States  of  Ame- 
rica ;  a  man  highly  diftinguiflicd  for 
hispatriotifm,  as  a  citizen  ;  his  juftice, 
integrity,  and  talents,  as  a  lawyer  ;  his 
profound  and  extenfive  erudition,  as  a 
writer  ;  and  his  difcernment,  firmnefs, 
and  fuccefs,  as  a  foreign  minifter  and 
ftatcfman. 

Brandon,  a  Iiarbor  on  the  N.  fide 
of  Long  Ifland,  Ntw-York,  9  miles  W. 
of  Smithtovvn,,  and  the  fame  diftance 
from  Hampftead  Plain. 

Brandon,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland 
CO.  Vermont,  fituated  on  both  fides  of 
Otter  Creek,  containing  637  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  about  60  miles  northerly 
from  Bennington.  Here  Brandon  Creek 

empties 


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empties  into  Otter  Creek  from  the  N.E. 

Brandy  Pots,  are  iflcs  fo  called, 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  40  leagues 
below  Quebec. 

•  Brandy  WINE  Creji,  falls  into  Cluif- 
tiaiia  Creek  from  the  northward,  at 
Wilmington,  in  Delaware  ftate,  about 
as  miles  from  its  N.  and  N.  wcftem 
iburces,  which  both  rife  in  Chefter  co, 
Pennfylvania.  This  Creek  is  famous 
for  a  bloody  battle,  fought  Sept.  11, 
1777,  between  the  Briti'h  and  Ameri- 
cans, which  lafted  nearly  the  whole 
day,  and  the  latter  were  defeated  with 
conliderablc  lofs  :  but  it  was  far  from 
being  of  that  deeifive  kind  which  peo- 
ple had  been  led  to  e::pcd,  in  the  event 
of  a  meeting  between  the  hoftile  arm- 
ies, on  nearly  equal  terms,  both  as  to 
numbers,  and  tlio  natiue  of  the  ground 
on  wliieh  eaeii  army  was  fituated.  It 
wa;i  fought  at  Chadds  I'oid,  and  in  the 
neij;hbourliood  of,  and  on,  the  ftrong 
grounds  at  Birmiiigham  church.  See 
. i)c'Iaiuare,  for  an  account  of  the  cele- 
braled  mills  on  this  creek. 

Brandywine,  a  townlhip  in  Chef- 
ter CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Branford,  atownfhip  in  New-Ha- 
ven CO.  Connedicut,  coniiderable  for 
its  iron  works.  It  lies  on  the  S.  fide 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  which 
runs  into  Long  L^and  Sound,  10  miles 
i:.  from  New-Haven,  and  40  S.  of 
Hartford. 

Brass  d'Or,  called  alfo  Labrador, 
a  lake  which  forms  into  arms  and 
branches,  in  the  ifl.ind  of  Cape  Breton, 
or  Sydney,  and  opens  an  eafy  commu- 
nication with  all  parts  of  the  idand. 
See  Bn'fon,  Cape. 

Brass  Jjhind,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin iflands,  iituated  near  the  N.  W. 
end  of  St.  'i'iionias'r.  Iflaud,  on  whicii 
it  is  dependent. 

Brass  Toiun,  in  the  ftate  of  Ten- 
nelfee,  is  fUuatcd  on  the  head  waters 
of  Hiwaflee  R.  about  100  miles  fouth- 
erly  from  Kiioxville.  Two  miles  S. 
from  this  town,  i;i  the  Enchanted  Motm- 
Sniii,  much  famed  for  the  curiofities  pa 
its  rocks.     See  Enchanted  Mountain. 

BRATTLiiuoRouGH,  a  coufiderable 
townOiip  and  polt  town,  in  Windham 
*  CO.  Vermont,  having  1589  inhabitants  ; 
on  the  W.  ban!:  of  Conneifticut  R. ; 
about  a8  miles  E.oFBeuninglon,  61  N. 
of  Springfield,  in  Mallhehufetts,  and 
3ri  from  Philadelphia.   N.  lat.  4a.  j2. 


BrA7.il,  or  Brafily  comprehends  all 
the  Portuguefe  fettlements  in  America, 
and  is  fituated  between  the  equator  and 
.35.  S  lat.  and  between  35.  and  60.  W. 
long.  ;  and  is  in  Isngth  3,500  miles, 
and  in  breadth  700  miles.  Bounded 
by  the  mouth  of  the  river  Amazon, 
and  the  Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  N. ;  by 
the  fame  ocean  on  the  E. ;  by  the 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Plata,  S.  ;  and 
by  moraffes,  lakes,  torrents,  rivers,  and 
mountains,  which  feparatc  it  from  Am- 
azonia and  the  Spanifh  poffeflTions,  on 
the  W.  It  has  three  grand  divifions.— 
I.  The  northern  contains  8  provinces 
or  captainfliips,  viz.  Para,  Marignan, 
Siara,  Petagues,  Rio  Grande,  Payraba, 
Tamara,  and  Pernambuco.  a.  Thf 
middle  divifion — 5  captainfliips,  viz. 
Seregippe,  Bahia,  or  the  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  ilheos,  Porto  Seguro,  and  Spi- 
rito  Sando.  3.  The  fouthern  divifion 
— 3  captainlhips,  viz.  Rio  Janeiro,  St. 
Vjiicent,  and  Del  Rey,  The  numbi; 
of  coniiderable  cities  are  16  j  of  thcil 
St,  Salvadore,  in  the  Bay  of  All  Sainta, 
is  the  cjiief,  and  is  the  capital  of  Brazil ; 
the  fecond  in  rank  is  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall  iflandf, 
where  Ihips  touch  for  provifions  on 
their  voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  viz.  Fer- 
nando, St.  Barbaro,  and  St.  Catharines. 
The  bays,  harbors,  and  rivers,  are  the 
harbors  of  Pernambuco,  All  Saints, 
Porto  Seguro,  the  port  and  harbor  ot 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  the  port  of  St.  Vincent, 
the  harbor  of  St.  Gabriel,  and  the  port 
of  St.  Salvadore,  on  the  N.  fliore  of  tht 
river  La  Plata. 

The  ciiinate  of  Brazil  \%  temperate 
and  mild,  when  compared  with  that  of 
Africa  ;  owing  chie.iy  to  the  refrefiiinj; 
v^ind,  which  blows  continually  frcn^ 
the  fea.  The  air  is  not  only  cool,  but 
chilly  during  the  night,  fothat  the  n;i- 
tives  kindle  a  fire  every  evening  in  theii 
huts.  The  rivers  in  this  country  an- 
nually overflow  their  banks,  and  like 
the  Nile  leave  a  fort  of  llime  upon  tin 
the  lands  ;  and  the  foil  is  in  many  places 
amazingly  rich.  The  vegetable  pro- 
du(?tions  are,  Indian  corn,  fugar  canes, 
tobacco,  indigo,  baliam,  ipecacuanha, 
brazil  wootl.  The  !aft  is  of  a  red  col- 
our, hard  and  dry  ;  and  is  chiefly  ufed 
in  dying,  but  not  the  ^'ed  of  the  bcft 
kind.  Here  is  alfo  the  yellow  fuftic,  of 
ufe  in  dying  yellow,  and  a  beautiful 
kind  of  fpeckled  wood  ufed  in  cabinrt 

work. 


BRA 


BRA 


mprchcnds  all 
t8  in  America, 
ic  equator  and 
5.  and  60.  W, 

jjjGO  miles, 
es.  Bounded 
iver  Amazon, 
)n  the  N. ;  by 
:  E. ;  by  thi; 
'lata,  S.  ;  and 
Its,  rivers,  and 
:c  it  from  Am- 
poffeffions,  on 
id  divifions. — 
IS  8  province's 
ra,  Marignan, 
mde,  Payraba, 
uco.  a.  The 
tainfliipa,  viz. 
le  Bay  of  Al! 
;,'uro,  and  Spi- 
athern  divifion 
io  Janeiro,  St, 

The  nunibi: 
:  16  ;  of  thtfc 
'  of  All  Sainln, 
pital  of  Brazil; 
i  de  Janeiro, 
c  fmall  iflandf, 

provifions  c;. 
I  Seas,  viz.  Fcr 
St.CatharinL  , 
rivers,  are  tin 
3,    All  Saints, 

and  harbor  ot 
of  St.  Vincent, 
I,  and  the  port 
N.ihorcoftht 

il  is  temperate 
jd  with  that  ot 
3  the  refrelhint; 
ntinually  frcn 
only  cool,  but 
fo  that  the  m- 
::vening  in  thei: 
lis  country  an- 
anks,  and  lik.' 
Uime  upon  tlit 
in  many  plact ' 
vegetable  prj 
n,  fugar  cams, 
1,  ipecacuanhi, 
is  of  a  red  col- 
1  is  chiefly  ufcJ 
fed  of  the  but 
fellow  fuftic,  of 
md  a  beautiful 
ufe'd  in  cabinrt 
work. 


Jt^-ork.    Here  are  five  different  forts  of 

tfjalm  trees,  curious  ebony,  and  a  great 

variety  of  cotton  trees.     This  country 

I  abounds  in  homed  cattle,  which  are 

j^huntcd  for  their  hides  only,  ao,ooo  be- 

"pg  fent  annually  to  Europe.    There  is 

reat  plenty  of  deers,  hares,  and  other 

game.     Befides  th«  beafts  common  in 

the  neighboring  parts  of  the  continent, 

are  ianouveras,   and  a    fierce  animal 

fomowhat  like  a  grey-hound,  the  topi- 

ibflbii,  a  creature  between  a  bull  and 

In  afs,  but  without  horns,  and  entirely 

iprmkfs,  the  ffefh  is  very  good,  and  has 

'  e  flavor  of  beef.     The  remarkable 

irds  are  the  humming  bird ;  the  lanki- 

a,  Ibmetimes  called  the  unicorn  bird^ 

om  its  having  a  horn,  2  or  3  inches 

ng,  growing  out  of  its  forehead ;  the 

:uira,  famous  for  changmg  its  color 

ften,being  firft  black,  then  afii  colored, 

ext  white,  afterwards  fcarlet,  and  laft 

,  J|if  all  crimfon  5  which  colors  grow deep- 

i  fr  and  richer  the  longer  the  bird  lives. 

t)f  fifh,  there  is  one  called  the  globe 

tfli,  fo  called  from  its  form,  which  is 
>  befct  with  fpikcs  like  a  hedgehog, 
that  it  bids  defiance  to  all  fifli  of  prey. 
Brazil  breeds  a  variety  of  ferpcnt:5  and 
veneir.ous  creatures,  among  which  are 
the  Indian  falamandcr,  a  four  legged 
|fife»5t,  whofe  fting  is  mortal  ;  the  ibiva- 
ca,  a  fpecics  of  fcrpent,  .ibout  7  y.ards 
ng,  and  half  a  yanl  in  circumference, 
hofe  poifon  is  inftantaneoufly  fatal ; 
ihe  rattle  fnake  attains  there  an  enor- 
;  tnous   fize ;   the    liboyd,   or  roebuck 
.foake,  which  authors  fay  arc  capable  of 
^|l\vallowing  a  roebuck  whole  with  hie 
Sliorns,  being  betwee'n  20  and  30  feet  in 
y^ngth  and  fix  feet  in  cirtumference. 
"inhere  is  a  numberlcfs  variety  of  fowl, 
ild  and  tame  in  this  country. 
The  trade  of  Brazil  is  very  great,  and 
creafes  every  year.    They  import  as 
any  as  40,000  negroes  annually.  The 
ports  of  Brazil  are  diamonds,  gold, 
gar,  tobacco,  hides,  drugs  and  medi- 
nes  ;    and  they  receive   in  return, 
ookn  goods  of  all  kinds,  lirtens,  laces, 
Iks,  hats,  lead,  tin,  pewter,  copper, 
on,  beef,  and  cheefe.    They  alio  re- 
ive from  Madeira,  a  great  quantity  of 
ine,  vinegar  and  brandy;  and  from 
■aWie  Azores,  £,zstOoo  worth  of  other 
'Iplqours. 
'^^  The  gold  and  diamond  mines  arc 
lut  a  recent  difcovery  ;  they  were  fiift 
ipenedin  1681,  and  have  fincc  yielded 


above  five  millions  Utrling  annually,  of 
which  a  fifth  part  belongs  to  the  crown. 
Thefe,with  the  fugar  piantations,occu- 
py  fo  many  hands,  that  agriculture  lies 
neglefted,  and  Brazil  deptiuls  upon 
Europe  for  its  daily  bread  ;  although 
before  the  difcovery  of  thefe  mines,  the 
foil  was  found  very  uifTicient  for  fub- 
fifting  the  inhabitants.  The  diamonds 
here  are  neither  fo  hard,  nor  fo  clear  as 
thofe  of  the  Eaft  Indies,  neither  do 
they  fparkle  fo  much,  but  they  are 
whiter.  The  Brazilian  diamonds  are 
fold  ten  per  cent  cheaper  than  the  orien- 
tal ones,  fuppoiing  the  weights  to  be 
equal.  The  crown  revenue  arifing 
from  this  colony,  amounts  annually  to 
two  millions  Iteriing  in  gold,  if  fome 
late  writers  are  to  be  credited,  befides 
the  duties  and  Cuftoms  on  merchandize 
imported  from  that  qu;:rter.  This  in- 
deed, is  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  pre- 
cious metal  produced  by  the  mines; 
but  every  other  confequent  advantage 
confidcred,  it  probably  does  not  much 
exceed  the  truth. 

The  Portuguefe  here  live  in  the  moft 
effeminate  luxury-.  When  people  ap- 
pear abroad  they  arc  carried  in  a  kind 
of  cotton  hammocks,  called  ferpentincs, 
which  are  borne  ort  negroes'  fhoulders : 
fimilar  to  palanquins  in  India.  The 
portrait  drawn  of  the  manners,  cuftoms, 
and  morals  of  that  nation,  in  America, 
by  judicious  travellers,  is  very  far  from 
being  favorable. 

The  native  Brazilians  arc  about  the 
fize  of  the  Europeans,  but  not  fo  ftout. 
They  are  fubjeft  to  fev.'er  diftempers 
and  arc  long  lived.  They  wear  no 
clothing ;  the  women  wear  their  hair 
extremely  long,  the  men  cut  their's 
fliort  ;  the  women  wear  bracelets  of 
bones  of  a  beautiful  white ;  the  men 
necklaces  of  the  fame  ;  the  women 
paint  their  faces,  and  the  men  their  bo- 
dies. 

Though  the  king  of  Portugal,  as 
grand  mafter  of  the  Order  of  Chrift,  be 
folely  in  poflefiion  of  the  titles,  and 
though  the  produce  of  the  cruiade  be- 
longs entirely  to  him  ;  yet  in  this  cx- 
tenfive  country,  fix  bifhopricks  have 
been  fucceffively  founded,  which  ac- 
knowledge for  their  fuperior,  the  arch- 
bifliopof  Bohia  ;  wiiich  fee  was  efi:ab- 
lifhed  in  1552.  Only  half  of  the  16 
captainfhips,  into  which  the  country 
is  divided,  belong  to  the  crown  ;  the 


TfS 


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others  being  fitfs  made  over  to  foqie  of 
the  nobility,  who  do  little  more  than 
acknowledge  the  fovercignty  of  Uie 
king  of  Portugil. 

The  Portuguefcdifcovefedthis  coun- 
try in  1500,  but  did  not  plant  it  till 
the  year  1549,  when  they  took  poIT'ef- 
J3on  of  All  Saints  Bay,  and  built  the  ci- 
ty of  St.  Salvadore.  The  Dutch  in- 
vaded Brazil  in  1623,  and  labdupd  the 
northern  provinces  ;  but  the  Portu- 
guefc  agreed  in  166 1,  to  pay  tlie  Dutch 
eight  tons  of  gold,  to  reliiiquilh  their 
intereft  in  this  country,-  wliich  wiis  ac- 
cepted ;  and  the  Porttiguefe  remained 
in  peaceable  poirdlion  of  Brazil,  till 
about  the  end  of  1761 ;  when  the  Span- 
ilh  governor  of  Buenos  Ayres,  hearing 
of  a  war  between  Portugal  and  Spain, 
took,  after  a  month's  fiegc,  the  Port u- 
guefe  frontier  fortrefs,  St.  Sacrament  ; 
but  by  the  treaty  of  ptaco  it  was  re- 
ftored. 

BR.EAK>fECK    //;//,   OppcSte   Buttcr- 

hill,  at  the  northern  entrance  of  the 
highlands,^  in  Hudlbn  R.  about  60  miles 
N.  of  New.-York.  On  the  S;  fide  of 
this  hill,  about  half  the  diftance  as  you 
afcend  it,  the  rocks  are  lb  fituated  as  to 
give  the  fpcdtator  a  tolerable  idea  of  a 
htiman  face,  with  a  fiofe,  mouth  and 
double  chin,  but  without  a,  forehead. 
On  the  nofe  grows  a  tree  of  confidera- 
ble  fize,  which  has  the  appearance  only 
of  ri  fhrub. 

Brecknock,  a  townfliip  in  Laftcaf- 
ter  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Bremk,  a  cape  which  forms  the  S. 
eaftern  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Oroonoca 
R.  oppofite  Cape  Araya,  in  S.  America. 

Brenton'^  Reef,  aoout  3  miles  from 
Newport,  is  the  Ibuthernmoft  point,  of 
Rhode-IIland,  about  2  miles  E.  of  Bea- 
ver Tail.  Thefe  two  points  form  the 
mouth  of  Newport  harbor. 

Brentwood,  a  townlhip  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  New-Hamplhire,  having 
976  inhabitants  ;  diftant  7  miles  W. 
from  Exeter,  and  22  from  Portfmouth. 
Vitriol  is  found  here,  combined  in  the 
fame  (tone  with  fulphur. 

Breton,  Cape.  The  illand,  or 
lather  colledion  of  iflands,  called  by 
the  French  Les  IJles  de  Madame,  which 
lie  fo  contiguous  as  that  they  are  com- 
monly called  but  one,  and  comprehend- 
ed under  the  name  of  the  Ifland  of  Cape 
Breton,  lies  l>etween  lat.  45.  28.  and 
47.  N.  und  between  59.  44.  and  61.  29. 


W.  long,  and  about  4.?  leagues  to  the 
eaftward  of  Halifax.  It  is  about  109 
miles  in  length,  and  from  20  to  84  in 
breadth  ;  and  is  feparated  from  Nova- 
Scotia  by  a  narrow  ftrait,  called  the  Gut 
of  CnnJ'o,  which  \i  the  communication 
between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

It  is  furrounded  with  little  ihmp 
pointed  rocks,  feparated  from  c:ich 
other  by  the  waves,  above  which  fome 
of  their  tops  are  vifible,  and  interfe(5tc(l 
'.i'itii  lakes  and  rivers.  I'he  great  Bral', 
d'Or  is  a  very  extenfivs  Ihect  of  water 
which  forms  into  arms  and  branches, 
and  opens  an  eafy  communication  with 
all  parts  of  the  illand.  All  its  harbor,, 
are  open  to  the  eaft,  turning  towani? 
thcfouth.  On  the  other  pails  ofthi^ 
co2-ft  there  arc  but  a  few  anchoring 
places  for  fmall  veflels,  in  creeks,  or 
between  ifiets.  The  harbor  of  St.  Pe- 
ter's, at  the  wcl£  end  of  the  ifland,  is  ;i 
rery  commodious  place  for canying on 
the  filliery.  This  iiland  was  confider- 
ed  as  annexedto  Nova-Scotia  in  refped 
to  matters  of  government  till  1784, 
when  it  was  ereded  into  a  feparate . 
government  by  the  name  of  Sj-dney. 

There  is  a  great  proportion  of  arable- 
land  on  this  ifland ;  and  it  abounds  in 
timber  and  hard  wood,  fuch  as  pine, . 
beach,  birch,  maple,  fpruce,  and  fir. 

Here  are  about  1000  inhabitants, 
Who  have  a  lieutenant  governor  rcli- 
df.wt  among  them,  appointed  by  the 
kiftg.  Ifie  Madame,  which  is  an  ap- 
pendage to  this  government,  is  fettled 
for  the  moll  pjcrt  with  French  Acadi- 
ans,  about  50  families,  whofe  chief  eir- . 
ployment  is  the  filhery  at  Afhmot,  tin 
principal  harbor  in  this  little  iflar.d. 
The  principal  towns  are  Sydney,  the 
capital,  and  Lou?fburg,  which  has  the 
beft  harbor  in  the  ifland.  The  prefent 
feat  of  government  is  at  Spanilh  river, 
on  the  north  fide  of  the  ifland. 

This  ifland  may  be  confidered  as  the 
key  to  Canada,  and  the  very  valuable 
fifhery  in  its  neighbourhood  depends 
for  its  protection  on  the  poflefllon  n 
this  ifland  ;  as  no  nation  can  carry  it 
on  without  fome  convenient  harbor  d 
ftrcngth  to  fupply  and  protect  it,  and 
Louiiburg  is  the  principal  one  for  theic 
purpofes. 

The  pelti^y  trade  was  ever  a  very  iii 
coRfiderable  objedl.  It  confifted  only 
in  the  fkins  of  a  few  lynxes,  elks,  mufk- 

ratf,  ' 


:  leagues  to  the 
t  is  about  109 
m  20  to  84  in 
ed  from  Nova- 
,  called  the  Gut 
communication 
Detail  and  the 

th  little  ih.iq, 
cd  from  each 
ive  which  fome 
and  interftfted 
I'he  great  Brah 

Iheet  of  wattr 

and  branches, 
(lunication  witli 

All  its  harbor,, 
urning  toward? 
cr  pails  oftho 

few  anchoring; 
,  in  Creeks,  or 
arbor  of  St.  Pe- 
ftheifland,  is  ;i 
;  for  can-ying  on 
d  was  confider- 
Scotia  in  refpcci 
nent  till  I784> 
into  a  feparatc . 
\e  of  Sydney. 
)ortion  of  arable 
d  it  abounds  in 
1,  fuch  as  pine, 
)ruce,  and  fir. 
300  inhabitant";, 
t  governor  rcii- 
(pointed  by  the 
A'hich  is  an  ap- 
ment,  is  fettled 

French  Acad- 
whofe  chief  en  - 

at  Artimot,  tl . 
his  little  iflard. 
ire  Sydney,  the 
,  which  has  the 
d.  The  prefent 
it  Spaniih  river, 
e  ifland. 
;onfidered  as  the 
le  very  valuable 
urhood  depend"! 
he  pofleflion  c. 
ion  can  carry  1; 
enient  harbor  o; 
1  protedt  it,  and 
pal  one  for  theic 

\s  ever  a  very  11 
[t  confided  on'.v 
nxes,  elks,  mufk 
rats 


i  R  E 

l-rtts,  wild  cats,  bears,  otters,  and  foxes, 

Itoth  of  a  red,  filver  and  grey  colour. 

iome  6f  thefe  were  procured  from  a 

colony  of  Micmac  Indians,  who  had 

icttled  on  the  ifland  with  tht  French, 

ind  never  could  raife  more  than  60 

'^men  able  to  bear  arms.    The  reft  came 

'?from   St.  John's,  or  the  neighboring 

'Ifcontihent.  Greater  advantages  are  now 

Jerived  from  the  coal  mines  which  are 

tuated  near  the  entrance  of  the  har- 

jr,  the  working  of  which,  and  the 

lery,  are  the  chief  employment  of 

ke  inhabitants.    They  lie  in  a  horizon- 

ll  direction  ;  and  being  no  more  thao 

1  or  8  feet  below  tlie  furface,  may  be 

Irorked  without  digging  deep,  or  drain- 

lig  off  the  waters.     Notwithftanding 

he  prodigious  demand  for  this  coal 

bm  New-England,  fro'tti  the  year  1 745 

|o  1749,  thefe  mines  would  probably 

iave  been  forfakcn,  had  not  the  fhips 

irhich  were  fent  out  to  the  French  ifl- 

ids  wanted  ballaft.    In  one  of  thefe 

lines,  a  firfe  has  been  kindled,  which 

|ouId  never  yet  be  extinguilhed.  Thefe 

iines  yield  a  revenue  of /^.i  3,000  year- 

to  the  crown. 

In  1743,  while  this  illand  belonged 
the  French,  they  caught  1,149,000 
Quintals  of  dry  fifli,  and  3,500,000  do. 
"  mud-fifli,  the  value  of  both  which, 
icluding  3,ii6|  tons    of  train    oil, 
irawn  from  the  blubber,  amounted  to 
.926,577    lo/  fterling,  according  to 
-le  prime  coft  of  the  fim  at  Newfound- 
land.   The  whole  value  of  this  trade, 
'Jinn u .illy,  at  that  period,  amounted  'to 
million  fterling*     No  lefs  than  564 
lips,  befidcs  fhallops,  and  37,000  fea- 
len,  were  employed  in  this  trade.    At 
brefent  the  inhabitants  of  this  illand 
ike  about  30,000  quintals  of  fifli,  an- 
nually, which  are  {hipped  for  Spain 
id  the   Straits,  t)rincipally  by  mer- 
lants  from  Jerfey  (in  England)  who 
pearly  refort  here,  and  keep  ftores  of 
upplies  for  the  fiihcrmen. 

Though  fome  fifhermcn  had  long  rc- 

srted  to  this  illand  every  fummer,  the 

french,  who  took  pofleflion  of  it  in 

\uguft,  1713,  were  properly  the  firft 

fettled  inhabitants.    They  changed  its 

^me  into  that  of  I^e  Royale,  and  fix- 

"  upon  Fort  Dauphin  for  their  prin- 

Ipal  fettlement.    In  1740,  the  fortifi- 

itions  of  Louifburg  were  degun.  The 

ther  fettlemcnts  were  at  Port  Tou- 

jufc,  Neruka,  &c.   The  ifland  remain- 


B  R  i 

cd  in  the  pofleflion  of  the  French  till 
1 745,when  it  was  captured  by  the  New- 
England  militia  under  the  command  of 
William  Pepperell,  Efq.  a  colonel  of 
the  militia,  and  a  fqiiadron  under  com- 
modore Warren .  It  was  afterwards  re- 
ftored  to  the  French,  and  again  taken 
in  1758,  by  admiral  Bofcawen  and  gen- 
eral Amherft,  when  the  garrifon>  con- 
flfting  of  5600  men,  were  made  prifon- 
ers ;  and  it  men  of  war  in  the  harbor,k 
were  either  taken,  funk,  burnt  or  def- 
troyed ;  and  it  was  ceded  to  Great- 
Britain  by  the  peace  of  1763. 

Brewer,  a  ftrait  in  the  Magellanic 
fea,  about  the  ifland  called  Staten  Land^, 
which  parts  it  frofli  the  ftraits  Le  Maire. 
It  vvas  difcovered  by  the  Dutch  navi-- 
gator  Brewer,  about  the  year  1643. 

Brewers-Haven,  a  good  harbor^ 
at  the  N.  end  of  the  ifland  of  Chiloe^ 
on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in  S.  America,  and 
in  the  S.  Sea.    Lat.  4a.  30.  long.  74.  W» 

BREwrNGToN,FoRT,liesinthetown- 
fliip  of  Mexico,  New- York,  and  at  the 
W.  end  of  Lake  Oneida,  about  24  milea 
S.  E.  from  Fort  Ofwcgol 

Briar  Creek,  a  vi-ater  of  Savannah 
R.  in  Georgia.  Its  mouth  is  about  50 
miles  S.  E.  by  S.  from  Augufta,  and  S5 
N.  wefterly  from  Savannah.  Here 
Gen.  Prevoft  defeated  a  party  of  200O 
Americans,  under  Gen;  Afli,  May  3, 
1779  ;  they  had  above  300  killed  and 
taken,  bcfides  a  great  number  drowned 
in  the  river  and  fwamps.  The  whole 
artillery,  baggage  and  ftores  weretakenw 

Bridgetown,  in  Cumberland  co. 
diftrift  of  Maine,  having  Hebron  on  the 
N.  W.  and  Bakerftown  (on  the  W.  fide 
of  Androfcoggin  R.)  on  the  S.  E.  which 
three  fettlements  He  on  the  northern 
fide  of  Little  Androfcoggin  R.  It  con- 
tains 329  inhabitants  ind  lies  34  miles 
N.  by  N.  W.  from  Portland^  and  156 
N.  E.  from,Bofton.  Bridgetown  confifts 
of  large  hills  and  vallies  :  the  highland 
affords  red  oak,  which  are  often  three 
feet,  and  fometimes  four,  in  diameter ; 
and  60  or  70  feet  without  any  branches. 
The  vallies  are  covered  v.'ith  rock  ma- 
ple, bafs,  afti,  birch,  pice  and  hemlock. 
There  is  a  curiofity  to  be  feen  ui  Long 
Pond,  which  lies  moftly  in  Bridgetown, 
which  may  afford  matter  of  fpecu'ation 
to  the  natural  pjjilofophcr.  On  the 
eafterly  fide  of  the  pond  is  a  cove 
which  extends  about  100  rods  farther 
E.  than  the  general  courfe  of  the  fhore, 

t^e 


£11 


'j  ifl 


B  R  I 


B  R  I 


1; 


'iV     '     ' 


3'm 


h     Mlffi 


t^c  bottom  is  clay,  and  fo  fhoal  that  a 
.man  may  wfidc  jo  rods  into  the  pond. 
On  the  bottom  of  this  cove  arc  ftones 
of  various  fizcs,  which,  it  is  tvident 
from  various  circumflances,  have  an 
.annual  motion  towards  the  ftore  ;  the 
proof  of  this  i»  the  mark  or  tnipk  left 
behind  them,  and  tjic  bodies  of  clay 
driven  up  before  them.  Some  of  thefe 
ftones  are  i  or  3  tons  weight,  and  have 
letta  track  of  fevera'  rods  behind  tliem  ; 
having  at  lead  a  common  cart-load  of 
clay  before  them.  Tlie  lliore  of  the 
cove  is  lined  with  thefe  Itoncs,  which, 
it  would  feem,  have  crawled  out  of  the 
water.     See  Sebai^o  Pond. 

Bridgetown,  Cumberland  county, 
New-Jcrfey,lics  cm  both  iides  Cohanzie 
Creek,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  ;  and 
vellels  of  100  tons  can  come  up  here. 
It  has  about  50  houfes,  and  a  briik 
trade.  It.i«  on  tlie  great  (tage  road, 
between  Philadelphia  and  New- York, 
6  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth  town. 

Bridgetown,  a  port  town  in  Queen 
Anncs  co.  Maryland,  lies  on  the  weil- 
ern  fide  of  Tuckahoe  Creek,  8  miles 
E.  from  Gentreville,  as  far  S.  E.  from 
Church  Hill,  and  6j  S.  W.  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

.'  Alfo  the  name  of  a  town  in  Kent  co. 
in  the  fame  ftatc,  fituated  on  the  N. 
bank  of  Chetler  R.  (which  feparates 
this  county  from  that  of  Anp)  7  miles 
S.  E.  from  Crofs  Roads ;  and  4  fuuLh- 
erly  from  Newmarket. 

Bridgetown,  in  tlie  ifland  of  An- 
tigua.    See  IVilloughby  Bay. 

Bridg  ETowN,  the  metropolis  of  the 

ifland  of  Barbadoes,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 

lying  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  ifland 

and  in  the  parifli  of  St.  Micliael.    It  is 

fituated  in  the  innermoft  part  of  Carlifle 

bay,  which  is  large  enough  to  contain 

500  fliips,  being  i^  league  long  and  one 

broad ;  but  the  bottom  fs  foul  and  apt 

to  cut  the  cables.    This  city  was  barnt 

down  April  18,  1668.    It  fulFered  alfo 

greatly  by  fires  on  Feb.  8,   1756,  May 

14,  1766,  and  Dec.  17, 1767,  at  which 

times  the  greateft  part  of  the  town  was 

deftroyed  ;    before  thefe  fires  it  had 

1500  houfes,  moftly  brick,  very  elegant, 

and  faid  to  be  the  finelt  and  hwgefl  in 

all  the  Caribbee  iflands  ;  the  town  has 

lince  been  rebuilt.     The   ftreets  are 

broad,  the  houfes  high,  and  there  is  alfo 

a  Cheapiidc,  where  the  rents  are  as  high 

as  thofe  in  London.    It  has  a  college, 


founded,  and  liberally  endowed  by  CoL 
Codrington,  the  only  inllitution  of  the 
kind  in  the  Weft-Indies :  but  it  docR 
not  appear  that  its  fuccel*  has  anfwered 
th)^  dcfigns  of  the  founder.  The  town 
has  commodious  wharves  for  loading 
and  unloading  goods,  and  is  well  de- 
fended by  a  number  of  forts  ;  but  it  i,; 
very  fiibjc«5l  to  hurricanes.  As  the 
wind  generaUy  blows  from  the  E.  01 
N.E.  the  E.  part  of  the  town  is  called 
the  windward,  and  the  W.  part  lee- 
ward. The  number  of  militia  for 
Bridgetown  and  St.  Michael's  precindt 
is  1200  men,  who  are  called  the  royal 
regiment  of  foot  guards.  This  is  tile 
feat  of  the  governor,  council,  afTembly, 
and  court  of  chancery.  About  a  mile 
from  town  to  the  N.  E.  the  governoi 
has  a  fine  feat,  built  by  the  afTembly, 
called  Pilgrims.  The  church  is  as 
large  as  many  cathedrals,  has  a  nob!" 
organ,  and  a  ring  of  bells,  with  a  curi- 
ous clock.  Here  are  large  and  elegant 
taverns,  eating  houfes,  &c.  and  packet 
boatfrhave  lately  been  eftablifhed  to  car- 
ry letters  to  ai.d  from  Great-Britaii; 
monthly.  N.lat.  1,3. 9'^.  W.long. 60. 2;, 

This  was  the  ftate  of  the  capital  of 
Barbadoes  in  the  fummer  of  1780.    Ii| 
had  fcarcely  rifen  from  the  afhes  tu 
which  it  had  been  reduced  by  the  dread- 
ful fires  already  mentioned,  when  it  w.is 
torn  from  its  foundations,  and  the, whole 
country  made  afcene  of  defolation,  by 
the  ftorm  of  the  loth  of  Odtober  178c, 
in  which  above  4000  of  the  inhabitai,; 
raiferably  perifhed ;   the  force  of  tl  i ' 
wind  was  then  fo  great,  as  not  only  t) 
blow   down  the  ftrongeft   walls,  bit 
even  lifted  fome  pieces  of  cannon  ofFtb. 
ran>parts  and  carry  them  fome  yan!, 
diflance  ;  and  the  damage  to  the  coun- 
try in  general  waseftimated  at  ;C. 1,320,- 
504-15  fterling,  and  it  is  fcarcely  yet 
reftored  to  its  former  fplendor. 

Bridgewater,  atownfhip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New-Hampfliire,  incorporateii 
in  1769,  and  contains  a8i  inhabitants,  ; 

Bridgewater,  atownfhip  in  Som- 
erfet  co.  New-Jerfey,  which  contain. 
2,578  inhabitants,  including  ,^77  flavcs. 

BRiDGEWATER,aconRderableto\vrr 
fhip  in  Plymouth  co.    MaiTachufettii 
containing  4975  inhabitants;    5  niilt  • 
N.  E.  from  Raynham  ;  about  30  milts ^ 
E.of  S.  from  Bofton,  in  which  large'^* 
quantities  of  hard  ware,  nails,  &c.  ait 
manufiftured* .  ?;'^    .     , 

"■-*■'  BrIDGEWATII!] 


lew 


ayrii 

iidia 

he  n 

me 


;«^ren, 
:t;^habit 
mBriftc 
1^.  ai 


,  ai 


terry 
tteini 


ipns 


do  wed  by  Col. 
Utution  of  the 
,  but  it  docB 
(9  has  anfwered 
The  town 
C8  for  loading 
lid  is  well  dc- 
forts  ;  but  it  is 
incs.  A3  the 
-om  the  E.  or 
town  is  called 
:  W.  part  Ict- 
of  militia  for 
;hacr3  prccindt 
idled  the  royal 
This  is  tht 
imcll,  aflembly, 
About  a  mile 
the  governor 
y  the  aflembly, 
;  church  is  as 
ds,  has  a  nob!- 
Is,  with  a  curi- 
rge  and  elegant 
&c.  and  packer 
lablilhed  to  car- 
1  Great-Britain 
W.long.  60. 2;. 
f  the  capital  oi 
ler  of  1780.  It 
m  the  afhes  to 
:ed  by  the  dread- 
ncd,  when  it  \v,i? 
IS,  and  the,  whole 
af  defolation,  by 
»f  Oaober  178c, 
f  the  inhabitaiuj 
he  force  of  tki 
;,  as  not  only  to 
igeft  walls,  but 
of  cannon  off  tht 
hem  fome  yards 
lage  to  the  coun- 
atedat;C'i>320)- 
t  is  fcarcely  yet 
plendor. 
jwnfliip  in  Giai- 
ire,  incorporated 
a8i  inhabitant>. 
ownfhip  in  Son  • 
which  contain. 
uding.n7  flavts. 
jnfiderabletown' 
.  Maflachufetts, 
iitants;  5  niilt-, 
;  about  30  miles  I 
,  in  which  lai-gel 
re,  nails,  See.  are  j 

BrIDCEWATI' 


B  R  I 

BRiDGEWATER^atownlhipin  Wind- 
sor CO.  Vermont,  about  55  miles  N.  E. 
of  Bennington,  containing  293  inhabit- 
nts. 

Bridport,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon 
o.  Vermont,  on  the  E.  ihore  of  Lake 
hamplain  ;  about  7*  mi'es  N.  N.  W. 
om  Bennington.    It  has  449  inhabit- 

lUltR. 

Br iGANTiNE /«/£•/,  on  thccoaftof 
ew-Jerfey,  between  Great  and  Little 
g  Harbor. 

Brim  FIELD,  a  townlhip  in  Hamp- 
iie  CO.  Maflachufetts,  fituated  E.  of 
nnefticut  R. ;  having  laii  inhabit- 
ts  ;  34  miles  S.  E.  of  Northampton, 
d  75  W.  of  Bofton. 
Br  ION  I/!e,  one  of  the'  Magdalene 
es,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Bristol,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
iftrift  of  Maine,  having  1718  inhabit- 
)ints  ;  dift:ant  204  miles  N.  E.  from 
Jofton,  and  8  N.  of  Pemaquid  Point. 
Bristol,  a  county  in  the  fouthern 
?art  of  Maflachufetts,  E.  of  a  part  of 
le  ftate  of  Rhode  Uland.  It  has  15 
jwnftiips,  of  which  Taunton  is  the 
chief ;  and  31,709  inhabitants.  The 
preat  fachem  Phillip  refided  here  ;  [fee 
lajnbam]  ;  and  it  was  called  by  the 
idians  Patwkuntiaiukutt  ;  from  which 
khe  nation  derived  the  name  ;  but  were 
iTometimes  ftyled  the  Wampotioags. 

Bristol  Go.  in  Rhode  Ifland  ftate, 
contains  the  townftiips  of  Briftol,  War- 
Ifen,  and  Barrington  ;  having  3411  in- 
|babitants,  incluflve  of  98  Oaves.    It  has 
3riftol  CO.  in  Maflachufetts,  on  the  N. 
.  and  Mount  Hope  bay  E. 
Bristol,  a  fea-port  town,  and  chief 
uf  the  above  county,  lies  on  the  weftem 
^de  of  the  peninfula  called  Briftol  neck, 
md  on  the  E.  fide  of  Briftol  bay  ;  in- 
sluding  Popafquaih  neck,  and  all  the 
f .  and  E.  part  of  Briftol  neck,  to  War- 
ren, N.  ;  and  to  Mount  Hope  bay,  E. 
It  is  about  3  miles  from  Rhode  I. ;  the 
^erry  from  the  S.  end  of  the  townfliip 
3eing  included,  which  is  little  more 
^han  half  a  mile  broad  :  13  miles  north- 
erly from  Newport,  24  S.  E.  from  Pro- 
iridence,  and  63  from  Bofton. — Briftol 
luftered  greatly  by  the  ravages  of  the 
late  war  ;  but  is  now  in  a  very  flourifli- 
pg  ftate,  having  1406  inhabitants,  in- 
clufive  of  64  flaves.    It  is  beautiful  for 
Situation — a  healthfiil climate — rich  foil, 
[and  a  commodious,  fafe  harbor.    On- 
I  ipns,  in  confiderable  quantities,  and  a 


B  R  r 

variety  of  provifions  and  garden  ftuff, 
are  railed  here  for  exportation.  N.  lat. 
40.  40. 

Bristol,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford 
CO.  Conncdicut,  16  miles  W.  of  the 
city  of  Hartford. 

Bristol,  a  town  in  Bucks  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  ii  miles  S.  S.  E.  from  New- 
town, and  20  N.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 
It  ftands  on  Delaware  U.  oppofite  Bur- 
lington, in  New-Jerfey  ;  and  has  about 
50  or  60  lioufes.  It  is  a  great  tho- 
roughfare, and  is  noted  for  its  mills  of 
fcveral  kinds. 

townfliip  in  Philadel- 


fmall  town  in  Charles 


Bristol, 
phia  county. 

Bristol,  a 
CO.  Maryland. 

Bristol,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  E.  of  Vergennes,  having  an 
inhabitants. 

Bristol  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America,  is  formed  by  the  pe- 
ninfula of  Alafka  on  the  S.  and  S.  E. 
and  by  Cape  Newnham  on  the  N. ;  and 
is  very  broad  and  capacious.  A  river  of 
the  fame  name  runs  into  it  from  the  E. 

Britain,  New.  The  country  ly- 
ing round  Hudfon  bay,  or  the  coun- 
try of  the  Efquimaux,  comprehending 
Labrador,  New  North  and  South 
Wales,  has  obtained  the  general  name 
of  New-Britain,  and  is  attached  to  the 
government  of  Lower  Canada.  A  fu- 
perintendant  of  trade,  appointed  by 
the  governor  general  of  the  four  Brit- 
ifli  provinces,  and  refponfible  to  him, 
refides  at  Labrador.  The  principal 
rivers  which  water  this  country,  are  the 
Wager,  Monk,  Seal,  Pockerekeflco, 
Churchill,  Nelfon,  Hayes,  New-Severn, 
Albany  and  Moofe  rivers,  all  which 
empty  into  Hudfon  and  James*  bay, 
from  the  W.  &  S.  The  mouths  of  all 
the  rivers  are  filled  with  flioals,  except 
Churchill's,  in  which  the  largeft  (hips 
may  lie ;  but  ten  miles  higher  the  chan- 
nel is  obftrudted  by  fand  banks.  AM 
the  rivers,  as  far  as  they  have  been  ex- 
plored, are  full  of  rapids  and  catarads, 
from  10  to  60  feet  perpendicular. 
Down  thefe  rivers  the  Indian  traders 
find  a  quick  paflage ;  but  their  return 
is  a  labour  of  many  months.  Cop- 
per Mine,  and  McKenzies  rivers, 
fall  into  the  North  Sea.  As  far  in- 
land as  the  Hudfon  Bay  company 
have  fettlements,  which  is  600  miles  to 
the  weft  of  fort  Churchill,  at  a  place 

called 


■'0\ 


!'•!■■ 


ra 


'■'■'-■ji 


-4\\ 
I'll' 


•.  u' 


I  (-'ill'' 


B  R  I 

called  Hudlbn  Houfe,  lat.53.  long.  106. 
27.  W.  from  London,  is  flat  country  : 
nor  is  it  known  how  far  to  the  eaft- 
ward,  the  great  chain  feen  by  naviga- 
tors from  the  Pacific  ocean,  branches 
off.  From  Moofe  river,  or  the  bottom 
of  the  Bay,  to  Cape  Churchill,  the  land 
is  flat,  marfliy  and  wooded  with  pines, 
birch,  larch  and  willowa.  From  Cape 
Churchill,  to  Wager's  river,  the  coafts 
are  high  and  rocky  to  the  very  fea,  and 
woodlefs,  except  the  mouths  of  Pocke- 
rekelko  and  Seal  rivers.  The  hills  on 
their  back  are  naked,  nor  are  there  any 
trees  for  a  great  diftance  inland.  The 
caftem  coaft  is  barren,  paft  the  efforts 
of  cultivation.  The  furface  is  every 
where  uneven,  and  covered  with  mafles 
of  ftone  of  an  amazing  fize.  It  is  a 
country  offruitlefs  valliesand  frightful 
mountains,  fome  of  an  aftonifhing 
height.  The  vallies  are  full  of  lakes, 
formed  not  of  fprings,  but  rain  and 
fnow,  fo  chilly  as  to  be  productive  of 
a  few  fmall  trout  only.  The  moun- 
tains have  here  and  there  a  blighted 
ftirub,  or  a  little  mofs.  The  vallies  are 
full  of  crooked,  ftinted  trees,  pines,  fir, 
birch,  and  cedars,  or  rather  a  fpecies 
of  the  juniper.  In  lat.  60.  on  this 
coaft,  vegetation  ceafes.  The  whole 
fhore,  like  that  on  the  weft,  is  faced 
with  iflands  at  fome  diftance  from  land. 

The  laudable  zeal  of  the  A^oravian 
clergy  induced  them,  in  the  year  175a, 
to  fend  miflionaries  from  Greenland  to 
this  country.  They  fixed  on  Nelbit's 
harbor  for  their  fcttlement ;  but  of  the 
firft  party,  fome  of  them  were  killed, 
andthe  others  driven  away.  In  i764,un- 
der  the  protedtion  of  the  Britiih  govern- 
ment, another  attempt  was  made.  The 
miflionaries  were  well  received  by  the 
Efquimaux,  and  the  miflion  goes  on 
with  fuccefs.  The  knowledge  of  thefe 
northern  fcas  and  countries  was  owing 
to  a  projedl  ftarted  in  pngland  for  the 
difcovery  of  a  north  weft  paflage  to 
China  and  the  Eaft  Indies,  as  early  as 
the  year  1756.  Since  then  it  has  been 
frequently  dropped  and  as  often  leviv- 
cd,  but  never  yet  completed. 

Frobiftier,  about  the  year  1576,  dif- 
covered  the  Main  of  New-Britain,  or 
Terra  de  Labrador,  and  thofe  ftraits  to 
which  he  has  given  his  name.  In  1585, 
John  Davis  failed  from  Portfmouth, 
and  viewed  that  and  the  more  north- 
ero  co^s,  but  he  feems  never  to  have 


B  R  I 

entered  the  bay.  Hudfon  made  three 
voyages  on  the  iame  adventure,  the 
firft  in  1607,  the  fecond  in  1608,  and 
his  third  and  laft  in  16 10.  This  bold 
and  judicious  navigator  entered  the 
ftraits  that  lead  into  the  bay  known  by 
his  name,  coafted  a  great  part  of  it,  and 
penetrated  to  eighty  degrees  and  a  half, 
into  the  heart  of  the  frozen  zone.  His 
ardor  for  the  difcovery  not  being  abat- 
ed by  the  difficulties  he  ftruggled  with 
in  this  empire  of  winter,  and  world  ol: 
froft  and  fnow,  he  ftayed  here  until  the 
enfuing  fpring,  and  prepared,  in  the 
beginning  of  161 1,  to  purfue  his  dif- 
coveries,  but  his  crew,  who  fuftered 
equal  hardfhips,  without  the  fame  fpi- 
rit  to  fupport  them,  mutinied,  feizcd 
upon  him  and  feven  of  thofe  who  were 
moft  faithful  to  him,  and  committed 
them  to  the  fury  of  the  icy  feas,  in  an 
open  boat.  Hudfon  and  his  compan- 
ions were  either  fwallowed  up  by  the 
waves,  or  gaining  the  inhofpitable  coaft, 
were  deftroyed  by  the  favages  ;  but 
the  fliip  and  the  reft  of  the  men  return- 
ed home. 

hough  the  adventurers  failed  in  the 
o,  o'inal  purpofe  for  which  they  navi- 
gated Hudfon  bay,  yet,  the  projeft,  ev- 
en in  its  failure,  has  been  of  great  ad- 
vantage to  England.  The  vaft  coun- 
tries which  lurround  Hudfon  bay,  a- 
bound  with  animals,  whofe  fur  and 
fkins  are  excellent.  In  1670,  a  charter 
was  granted  to  the  Hudfon  bay  com- 
pany, which  docs  not  confift  of  above 
9  or  10  perfons,  for  the  exclulive  trade 
to  this  bay,  and  they  have  iited  under 
it  ever  fince,  with  great  benefit  to  thL' 
individuals  who  compofe  the  company, 
though  comparatively  with  little  advan- 
tage to  Britain.  The  company  employ 
4  ihips,  and  130  feamen.  They  have 
feveral  forts,  viz.  Prince  of  Wales  fort, 
Churchhill  river,  Nelfon,  New-Severn, 
Albany,  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  bay,  and 
are  garrvfoncd  by  186  men.  The 
French,  in  May,  1782,  took  and  de- 
ftroyed thefe  forts,  and  the  fettlements, 
&c.  laid  to  amount  to  the  value  of 
;C.50o,ooo.  They  export  commodi- 
ties to  the  value  qf  ;C"i6,ooo,  and  carry 
home  returns  to  the  value  ofXi.a9»34o, 
which  yield  to  the  revenue  >C'.^»7,^4' 
This  includes  the  fifliery  in  Hudfon's 
Bay.  The  only  attempt  to  trade  to 
that  part  which  is  called  Labrador,  has 
been  directed  towards  the  fiihery.  The 

annii:;! 


B  R  I 


B  R  I 


I  made  thrr.c 

venturci  the 

in  1608,  and 

This  bold 

entered    the 

)ay  known  by 

}art  of  it,  and 

:es  and  a  half, 

rn  zone.    His 

)t  being  abat- 

truggled  with 

and  world  of 

here  until  the 

>ared,  in  the 

urfue  his  dif- 

who  fuftered 

the  fame  fpi- 

tinied,  feized 

lofe  who  were 

id  committed 

cy  feas,  in  ai) 

d  his  compan- 

ed  up  by  the 

)fpitable  coaft, 

lavages  ;   bat 

[le  men  returu- 

TS  failed  in  the 
lich  they  navi- 
the  projed,  ev- 
Q  of  great  ad- 
'hc  vaft  couu- 
[udlbn  bay,  a- 
vhofe  fur  and 
1670,  a  charter 
ifon  bay  com- 
onfift  of  above 
exclulive  trade 
;ve  adted  under 
:  benefit  to  the 
e  tlie  company, 
ith  little  advaii- 
•mpany  employ 
n.  They  have 
of  Wales  fort, 
1,  New-Severn, 
of  the  bay,  and 
»  men.  The 
,  took  and  de- 
the  fettlements, 
o  the  value  of 
port  commodi- 
1,000,  and  carry 
ue  ofX;.a9,;,4o, 
irenue  £.h7:.i- 
ry  in  Hudfou's 
ipt  to  trade  to 
i  Labrador,  lias 
he  filhery.  The 
anniul 


annual  produce  of  the  filhery,  amountR 
to  upwards  of  >C.49,ooo.  See  E/qui- 
tnaux. 

The  whole  of  the  fettlements  in  New- 
]  Britain,  inclutling  fuch  as  have  been 
,|mentioned,  are  as  follow,  which  fee 
f  binder  their  rfifpedive  heads  :  Abbitib- 
■^i,  Frtiierick,  Eaft  Main  and  Brunf- 
Dvick  houtcs  ;  Moofc  fort  ;  Henley, 
Cloucefter,  and  Ofnaburg  houfcs  ;  and 
I  houfc  on  Winnipeg  lake  j  Severn,  or 
fifjj-Se'L'ern  ;  York  fort,  or  Nclfon  ; 
^hurchhills  fort,  or  Prince  of  WaL's 
rt  ;  South  Branch,  Hudfon's,  Man- 
lieiter,  and  Buckingham  houfes  :  the 
is  the  wefternmort  fettlement,  and 
litcly  treited. 

Britain,  New,  a  large  ifland  in 
lie  Pacific  ocean,  lying  N.  E.  of  Dam- 
bier's  ftraits,  between  4.  and  7.  S.  lat. 
pd  146.  and  149.  E.  long,  from  Paris. 
ts  N.  point  is  called  Cape  Stephen's  ; 
|t8  E.  point  Cape  Orford  j  and  a  bay 

J  bout  the  middle  of  its  eaftern  coaft, 
I  called  Port  Montague.  Thcfe  names 
■firere  given  by  Capt.  Carteret,  who  vif- 
ked  this  illand  in  1767,  and  found  it 
much  fmaller  than  was  fuppoftd  by 
J)ampier,  who  firft  difcovered  it  tt)  be 
^in  illand.  There  is  nothing  yet  dif- 
tovcred  peculiarly  different  in  its  pro- 
Uidions  or  its  inhabitants,  from  thofe 
l>f  tht:  other  ifiands  in  its  neighborhood. 
It  has  the  appearance  of  a  mountain- 
ous country,  and  is  covered  with  large 
and  ftately  trees.  It  is  furrounded 
with  many  fertile  ifiands,  moft  of  which 
re  faid  to  yield  abundance  of  piaintain 
ind  cocoa  nut  trees. 

British  America.  Underthcgcn- 
eral  name  of  Britifti  America,  we  com- 
prehend the  vaft  extent   of  country, 
jounded  S.  by  the  United  States  of 
Lmerica,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  E. 
t)y  the  fame  ocean  and  Davis's  ftraits, 
diich  divide  it  frona  Greenland  ;   ex- 
pending N.  to  the  northern  limits  of 
ludfon  bay  charter  ;  and  wcftward  in- 
iefinitely — Lying  between  41.  ,50.  and 
ifo.  N.  lat. ;  and  between  50.  and  96. 
long,  from  Greenwich. 
Britiih  Anierica  is  divided  into  four 
jovinces,  viz.    i.  Upper  Canada  ;    a. 
liower  Canada,  to  which  arc  annexed 
lew-Britain,    or    the   country    lying 
^und  Hudfon  bay,  and  the  ifland  of 
,ape  Breton  ;  which  ifland,  in  1784, 
iras  formed  into  a  feparate  government 
i>y  the  name  of  Sydney.  3 .  Ne w-Brunf- 


wick  ;  4.  Nova-Scotia,  to  which  i;?«». 
nexfd  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  fiefidei 
thcfe,  there  is  the  ifland  of  Newfound- 
land, which  is  ^'ovenied  by  the  admiral 
for  the  time  being,  and  two  lieutenant 
governors,  who  rclide  at  Placcntia  and 
St.  John's.  The  troops  ftaticned  at 
Newfoundland,  however,  are  fubjeft 
to  the  orders  of  the  governor  general 
of  the  four  Britifl^i  provinces.  The 
number  of  people  in  the  whole  of  the 
northern  Britiih  colonies  is  perhaps 
160,000  or  180,000, 

Since  the  four  provinces  have  been 
put  under  a  general  governor,  the  gov- 
ernor of  each  h  ftyled  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor. The  refidencc  of  the  general 
governor  is  at  Quebec. 

The  following  information,  from 
Edwards's  Hiftory  of  the  Weft-Indies, 
refpe<5ting  the  trade  and  refources  of 
Britiih  America,  as  being  ufeful  to 
Atiicricans,  is  inferled  under  this  head. 
The  river  St.  Lawrence  remains  ufual-> 
ly  iockid  up  one  half  of  the  year  ;  and 
although,  in  1784,  it  was  confidently 
f.iid,  that  the  Britifti  provinces  would 
be  able  in  three  years  to  fupply  all  the 
VVeft-Indies  with  lumber  and  provif- 
ion-,  yti  it  was  found  neceflary  to  im- 
port lumber  and  provifions  into  Nova- 
Scotia,  from  the  United  States.  Thus, 
in  1790,  there  were  fliipped  from  the 
U.  S.  to  Nova-Scotia,  alone,  540,000 
flaves  and  heading  ;  924,9^0  feet  of 
boards;  385,000  ftiingles,  and  1(^,000 
hoops  ;  4c,ooo  bbls.  of  bread  and  Hour, 
and  80,000  buflicls  of  grain,  beyond  her 
own  confumption.  Newfoundland  fur- 
niftied  the  Britifli  Weft-Indies  with 
806,459  quintals  of  fifli  ;  on  an  average 
of  four  years,  ending  with  1786. 

The  only  provifions  exported  to  Ja- 
maica, fi"om  Canada,  Nova-Scotia,  and 
St.  John's,  between  3d  of  April,  1783, 
and  z6th  of  Oftobcr,  1784,  were  180 
buftiels  of  potatoes,  and  75  r  hhds.  and 
about  500  bbls.  of  failed  fifh.  Of  lum- 
ber, the  quantity  was  510,088  feet ;  so 
bundles  of  hoops  ;  and  301,324  fhin- 
gles  ;  and  on  an  average  of  5  years, 
from  1763  to  177a,  the  whole  exports 
to  Jamaica,  from  Cai.ada,  Nova-Sco- 
tia, and  St.  John's,  were  only  33  bbls. 
of  flour, '7  hhds.  of  fifli,  8  bbls.  of  oil, 
3  bbls.  of  tar,  pitch  and  turpentine  ; 
36,000  ftiingles  and  ftaves,  and  a7,»35 
itet  of  lumber. 

From  the  cuftom  houfe  returns  it 

appeal-? 


tl: 


m 


m 


if 


i 
% 

..    x] 

y 


% 


B  R  O 


B  R  O 


%' 


m 


■  '''M 


I 


appears  that  of  iao8  cargoes  of  lumber 
and  provifions  imported  from  N.  Ame- 
rica, to  the  British  fugar  colonics,  in 
177a,  only  7  of  thofe  cargoes  were 
ftom  Canada  and  Nova-Scotia  ;  and 
that  of  701  topfail  vcfTels  and  1681 
floops,  which  had  cleared  outwards 
from  N.  America,  to  the  Britifli,  and 
foreign,  W.  Indies,  only  a  of  the  top- 
£ul  veflels,  and  1 1  of  the  floops  were 
from  thefe  provinces  :  and  it  has  been 
proved,  that  in  tlie  years  1779,  1780, 
178Z,  and  1783,  the  fcarcity  in  Canada 
had  been  fuch,  as  to  occalion  the  ex- 

f)ort  of  all  bread,  wheat,  and  flour,  to 
)C  prohibited  by  authority  ;  and  in 
1784,  when  a  parliamentary  inquiry 
took  place  concerning  what  ftipplics 
the  W.  Indies  might  txpedt  from  Can- 
ada and  Nova-Scotia  ;  a  (hip  in  the  riv- 
er Thames  was  actually  loading  with 
flour  for  Quebec. 

Broadalbin,  a  townfliip  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  New-York  ;  which,  by  the 
ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  contained  »tj  in- 
habitants, who  are  eleftors. 

Broad  Bay,  in  the  diftrid  of  Maine, 
lies  on  the  line  of  Lincoln  and  Han- 
cock counties,  bounded  by  Pemaquid 
Point  on  the  W.  and  Pleafant  Point  on 
the  E.  On  the  fhore  of  this  bay  was 
an  ancient  Dutch  lettlement. 

BiiOAD  River,  is  an  arm  of  the  fea, 
which  extends  along  the  W.  and  N.  W. 
fides  of  Beaufort  or  Port  Royal  ifland, 
on  the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina,  and  receives 
Coofa  from  the  N.  W. — Coofa  R.  may 
Kkewife  be  called  an  aim  of  the  fea  ; 
its  waters  extend  N.  wcftward,  and 
meet  thofe  of  Broad  R.  round  a  fmall 
ifland  at  the  mouth  of  Coofa  Hatchee 
R.  Thefe  two  arms  embrace  all  the 
iflands  between Combahee  R.  and  Daw- 
fufkee  found,  with  which  alfo  Broad 
R.  communicates.  Channels  between 
Broad  R.  and  Coofa  form  the  iflandf . 
The  entrance  through  Broad  R.  to 
Beaufort  harbor,  one  of  the  beft  in  the 
ftate,  is  between  Hilton's  Head  and  St. 
Phillips  point. 

Broad  River,  or  Cherakee'haiv,  a 
water  of  Savannah  R.  from  the  Georgia 
iide.  It  empties  into  the  Savannah  at 
Peterlburg.  At  a  trifling  expenfe,  it 
might  be  made  boatable  aj  or  30  miles 
through  the  beft  fettkments  in  Wilkes 
county. 

Broad  River,  in  S.  Carolina,  rifes 
by  three  branches  from  the  N.  W.  viz. 


the  Ennorce,  Tiger,  and  Packolet  \ 
which  unite  about  40  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  Saluda  R.  ;  wiiich,  with 
Broad  R.  forms  Congar;e  R.  Broad 
R.  may  be  rendered  navigable  30  miici 
in  North  Carolina. 

Broken  Arrow,  orC/t/y-Ctj^/if^T,  an 
Indian  town  in  the  Creek  country,  in 
Weft  Florida,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Chata- 
Uche  R. ;  la  miles  below  the  Cuflitah 
and  Coweta  towns,  where  the  river  ij 
fordabic.    Sec  Co'weta,  and  Flint  R. 

Bromley,  a  townfliip  in  Benning. 
ton  CO.  Vermont,  about  3  a  miles  N. 
cafterly  from  Bennington.  It  has  71 
inhabitants. 

Bromley,  a  town  in  Somerfet  co. 
New-Jcrfey. 

Brook  FIELD,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of 
Worcefter  co.  Maflachufttts,  is  among 
the  firft  towns  as  to  age,  wealth,  and 
numbers,  in  the  county  ;  contaiiiiii}; 
3100  inhabitants.  The  great  poft  road 
from  Bofton  to  N.  York  runs  throu;;h 
it.  It  is  64  miles  W.  of  Bofton  and  a 7 
W.  of  Worcefter.  The  Indian  nanu- 
of  this  town  was  ^aboag.  The  river 
which  ftill  retains  the  name  paflTes  thro' 
it  ;  and,  like  its  other  ftreams  and 
ponds,  abounds  with  various  kinds  oi 
fiih.  Here  is  iron  ore,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  ftone  which  yield  copperas, 
and  have  a  ftrong  vitriolic  quality. 
This  town  was  fettletl  by  people  from 
Ipfwich,  in  1660,  and  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1673. 

Brookfield,  a  townfliip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  has  4ai  inhabitants,  and 
lies  80  miles  northerly  fromBennington. 

Brookfield,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln 
CO.  diftridl  of  Maine,  14  miles  above 
Norridgewalk  on  Kennebeck  R.  and 
was  formerly  called  Seven  mile  Brook. 

Brookfield,  a  town  in  Montgom- 
ery CO.  New-York.  By  the  ftate  cen- 
fus of  1796,  160  of  its  inhabitants  are 
ele«itors. 

Brookfield,  a  townfliip  in  Fair- 
field CO.  Connecflicut,  6  miles  N.  N.  E. 
from  Danbury. 

Brook  HAVEN,  a  townfliip  in  Suf- 
folk CO.  Long  I.  New- York,  containing 
3,234  inhabitants.  Of  thefe  333  art 
flaves  ;  and  by  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796, 
535  only  are  eledors.  The  compafl 
part  of  the  town  contains  about  40 
houfcs,  an  Epifcopalian,  and  a  Preiby- 
terian  church.  It  is  60'  miles  E.  of 
New-York. 

Brooklyn, 


;  fea- 

fhali 

Du 

pie 


B  R  O 


B  R  U 


Packolet  j 
Ic9  above  the 
which,  with 
r  R.  Broad 
able  30  miki 

'ay-CatJka,  an 
i  country,  in 
fide  of  Chata- 

V  the  Cuflitah 
't  the  river  ij 
nd  Flint  R. 

in  Bcnning. 
3  a  miles  N. 
n.    It  has  71 

Somerfet  co. 

S.  W.  part  of 
fttts,  is  among 
r,  wealth,  and 

Y  I  containing 
great  poll  roaJ 
:  runs  throii;;h 
Bofton  and  z; 
:  Indian  nanu- 
•jg.  The  river 
imepalTestlno' 
r  ftreams  and 

various  kinds  oi 
and  large  quan- 
yield  copperas, 
triolic  quality, 
by  people  from 
ivas  incorporat- 

nfliip  in  Orani;( 
nhabitants,  and 
om  Bennington, 
nfliip  in  Lincoln 
14  miles  abovf 
nebeck  R.  and 
ten  mile  Broak. 
m  in  Montgom- 
y  the  ftate  cen- 
inhabitants  arc 

vnfliip  in  Fair- 
)  miles  N.  N.  E. 

iwnfliip  in  Suf- 
fork,  containii.g 
f  thefe  %'iz  an. 
scenfusof  i7(/', 
The  compa*;! 
itains  about  4^' 
n,  and  a  Prelby- 
60'  miles  E.  of 

BROOKLYN) 


Brooklyn,  a  townlhip  in  Kings  co. 
New-York,  on  the  W.  end  of  Long  I. 
having  1603  inhabitants;  of  thefe  405 
are  flaves  j  and  314  are  dehors,  by  the 
ftate  ccnfiis  of  1 796.  Here  arc  a  Prtf- 
bytcrian  church,  a  Dutch  Reformed 
churcli,  a  powder  magazine,  and  fome 
tlcgant  houfes  which  lie  chiefly  on  one 
llieet.  Eaft  R.  near  a  mile  broad,  fc- 
parates  the  town  from  New- York. 
\_  Brooklvm,  a  townihip  in  Wynd- 
liam  CO.  Connecticut,  about  20  milts 
,  of  Norwich. 

Brotherion,  an  Indian  village ad- 

iniiig    Ncw-Stockbridge,  (N.  York) 

lia!)itcd  by  about  150  Indians,  who 

igratcd  from  different  parts  ofCoii- 

cdicut,  under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 

Ir.  Occom.    Thefe  Indians  receive  an 

iinuity  of  2160  dollars,  which  fum  is 

artiy  appropriated  to  the  purpofe  of 

maMUaining  a    fchool,   and  jjaitly  to 

compenfatc  a  fupcrintendant,  to  tranf- 

art  their  bufincfs,  and  todifpofe  of  the 

rcnuinder  of  their  money  for  their  be- 

ntfit. 

',  Broughton  7/7<7//</,lie8at  the  mouth 
•t>f  Alatamaha  R.  in  Georgia,  and  be- 
longed to  the  late  Henry  Laurens,  Efq. 
The  S.  channel,  after  its  feparatioi^ 
from  the  N.  defcends  gently,  winding 
by  Mclntofli's  and  Broughton  iflands, 
in  its  way  to  tlic  ocean  through  St.  Si- 
mons found. 

Brownfield,  a  fin  all  fettlement  in 
York  CO.  diftiridt  of  M;'.inc,  which,  to- 
gether with  Suncook,  coiUains  2jo  in- 
habitants. 

Brown'j  Sound,  is  fituated  on  the 
N.  W.  coafl:  of  N.  America,  in  N.  lat. 
SS-  18.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich  132. 
30.  It  was  thus  named  h)  Captain 
Gray,  in  1791,  in  honor  of  Samuel 
Brown,  Efq.  of  Bofl:on.  The  lands  on 
the  E.  fide  of  this  found  are  tolerably 
level ;  but  on  the  W.  mountains  nfe, 
whole  fummits  out-top  the  clouds,  and 
whole  wintery  garb  gives  them  a  drea- 
ry afpeft.  The  land  is  well  timbered 
with  various  forts  of  pines.  The  ani- 
mals in  the  vicinity  aire  deer,  wolves, 
fea-otters  and  feals.  The  filh — lahnon, 
halibut,  and  a  fpecies  of  cod,  &c. — 
.'fi'f  Ducks,  brants,  fliags,  S:c.  arc  here  in 
plenty  in  fi.immer. 

Brownsville, or  Ralflonc Old-forty 
is  a  flour.fliing  poft-townin  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvania ;  on  the  S.  eafleni  bank 
of  Monongahela  R. ;  between  Dunlap 


and  Rcdftonc  creeks  ;  and  next  >• 
Pittfburg  is  the  mod  confidcrablr  town 
in  the  weflem  parts  of  the  ftate.  The 
town  is  regularly  laid  out,  contain! 
about  100  houfes,  an  Epifcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  church,  a  brewery  and 
diftillcry.  It  isconneitted  with  Bridge- 
port, .1  fmall  village  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  Dunlap  creek,  by  a  bridge  a69 
feet  long.  Within  a  few  miles  of  the 
town  arc  4  Friends'  mceting-houfes, 
24  grift,  faw,  oil,  and  fulling  mill«. 
The  trade  and  einigration  to  Kentucky, 
employ  boat-bui!ders  licre  very  profit- 
ably ;  abC'Ve  100  boats  of  10  tons  e.ich, 
are  built  .annually.  Byrd's  Fort  for- 
merly ftooo  here,  on  the  S.  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  Rcdftonc  Creek,  in  N.  lat. 
39.  58.  W.  long.  81.  14^  ;  37  miles 
foutherl^  from  Pittfljurg;  13  S.  by  E. 
of  Wafhington,  and  341  W.^  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Broyl£,  a  harbor,  cape,  and  fettle- 
ment on  the  E.  fide  of  Newfoundland 
I. ;  1.5  miles  N.  E.  from  the  fettlement 
of  Aquafort,  and  30  S.  wefterly  froiti 
St.  John's,  the  capital. 

Brunswick,  a  maritime  county  in 
Wilmington  diftriA,  N.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 3071  inhabitants,  of  whom  15 11 
&re  flaves.  It  is  the  moft  foutherly 
county  of  the  ftate,  having  S.  Carolina," 
on  the  S.  W.  and  bounded  by  Cape 
Fear  R.  on  the  E.  Sraithvillc  is  the 
feat  of  juftice. 

Brunswick,  the  chief  to\vn  in  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  W.  fide 
of  Cape  Fear  R. ;  it  was  formerly  the 
beft  built  in  the  whole  ftate,  and  car- 
ried on  the  moft  extenfive  trade.  It 
lies  30  miles  above  the  capes,  about  9 
miles  N.  of  Foit  Johnfon,  17  S.  W.  of 
Wilmington,  and  was  formerly  the  feat 
of  government.  In  1 780,  it  was  burnt 
down  by  the  Britilh,  and  has  now  only 
3  or  4  houfes  and  an  elegant  church  in 
ruins. 

Brunswick,  a  townftvip  in  Eflex 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Con- 
necticut R.  oppofite  Stratford,  in  New- 
Hampfliire. 

Brunswick,  a  city  in  Middlefex co. 
New-Jerfey,,is  fitu:>ted  on  the  S.  W. 
bank  of  Rariton  R,  in  a  low  fituation  ; 
the  moft  of  the  houfes  being  built  un- 
der a  hill  which  rifes  W.  of  the  town. 
It  has  between  200  and  300  houfes, 
and  about  2500  inhabitants,  one  half 
of  whom  arc  Dutch.     Queen's  College 

wa."; 


^i| 


ill 


«  f      I 


ill 


,5   ■■ 


'■^i: 


^:' 


i  tLXJ 

was  in  this  city,  but  is  now  oxtinft  ns 
a  place  of  inftru<a!ioii.  There  is  a  con- 
fideiablc  inland  trade  carried  on  here. 
One  of  the  raoft  elegant  and  expenfive 
bridges  in  America,  has  been  built  over 
the  river  oppofite  this  city.  Brunfvsrick 
is  i8  miles  N.  E.  of  Viincctown,  60  N. 
E.  from  Philadelphia,  and  35  S.  W. 
from  New-york.  N.  >at.  40.  30.  W. 
long.  74.  30. 

Brunswick,  in  Cumberland  co. 
diftridt  of  Maine,  contains  1387  inhab- 
itants, and  lies  N.  E-  of  Portland  30 
in'lcs,  and  of  Bcfton  151.  It  is  in  N. 
la..  43.  52.  on  the  S.  fide  of  Merry 
Meeting  Bay,  and  partly  on  the  S.  weft- 
evn  fide  of  Androfcoggin  R.  Bowdoin 
College  is  to  be  eftabliihed  in  this  town. 
Brunswick,  the  chief  town  of 
Glynn  co.  Georgia,  is  iituatcd  at  the 
mouth  of  Turtle  R.  whe^e  it  empties 
into  St.  Simons  found,  N.  lit.  31.  10. 
It  has  a  fafe  harbor,  and  fufBciently 
capacious  ta contain  a  large  ffeet.  Al- 
though there  is  a  bar  at  the  entrance  of 
the  harbor,  it  has  depth  of  water  for 
the  largeit  fhip  that  fwims.  The  town 
is  regularly  laid  out,  but  not  yet  built. 
From  its  ?idvantageous  fituation,  an4 
from  the  fertility  of  the  back  countrf'^, 
it  promifes  tc  be  one  of  the  moft  corrt- 
Ihcrcial  and  flourifhing  places  in  the 
/late.  It  lies  19  miles  S.  of  Darien  ;  60 
S.  S.  W.  from  Savannah,  and  no  3-  E. 
from  Louifville. 

Brunswick  Hou/i;,  one  of  the  rfud- 
fon  Bay  Company's  fettlcments,  fit- 
uated  on  Moofe  R.  half  way  from  its 
mouth  ;  8.  W.  from  James's  Bay,  and 
N.  F.  from  Lake  Superior.  N.  lat. 
Sc.  30.  W.  long.  82.  30. 

Brunswick,  Nkw,  one  of  the  four 
Bntilh  provinces  in  N.  America,  is 
bouiideil  on  the  S.  by  the  N.  fhores  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  by  the  river 
Mifliquafli  to  its  fource,  and  from 
thence  by  a  due  F.  line  to  Verte  Bay  ; 
and  on  tne  W.  by  a  line  to  run  due  N. 
from  the  main  fource  of  St.  Croix  R. 
in  Paflamaquoddy,  to  the  high  lands 
which  divide  the  ftreams  which  fall  in- 
to the  river  St.  Lawrence,  ind  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  ;  and  from  *  once  b«  tiie 
fouthern  boundary  of  the  cokay  of 
Qiiebec  until  it  touches  the  f^a  Ihore 
at  the  weftern  extremity  of  the  bay  of 
Cl'jleur  ;  then  following  the  courfe  of 
th'"  fea  fliore  to  the  ba';  of  Verte,  (in 
the  ^aits  of  Northumberland)  until  it 


B  R  Y 

meets  the  termination  of  the  ciftcrr. 
line  produced  from  the  fource  of  the 
Mifliquafli  above  mentioned,  including 
all  the  iflands  within  the  faid  limits. 

The  chief  towns  are  St.  John's,  the 
capital,  Fredericktonvn,  St.Andreiv's,i:. 
St.  Ann,  the  prefent  feat  of  government, 
The  principal  rivers  are  St.  John's, 
Magcgadavick,  or  Eaftern  R.  Dick 
waflVt,  St.  Croix,  Merrimichi,  Petitco- 
diac,  Memramcook  ;  all,  the  3  laft  ex- 
cepted, empty  intoPaflamaquoddy  Bay. 

St.  John's  R.  opens  a  vaft  extent  of 
fin*:  country,  on  which  are  rich  inter- 
vales and  meadow  lands  ;  moft  of 
which  are  fettled  and  under  improve- 
ment. The  upland  is  in  general  well 
timbered.  The  trees  are  pine  and 
r  >ruce,  hemlock  and  hard  wood,  prin- 
cpally  beech,  bifch,  maple,  and  fome 
afli.  The  pines  on  St.  John's  R.  arc 
the  largeft  to  be  met  with  in  Britilli 
America,  and  afford  a  confiderable  fup- 
ply  of  mafts  for  the  royal  navy. 

The  rivers  which  fall  into  Paflama- 
quoddy Bay,  have  intervales  and  mead- 
ows on  their  banks,  and  muft  formerly 
have  been  covered  with  a  large  growth 
of  timber  ;  aS  the  remains  of  large 
trunks  are  yet  to  be  feen.  A  raging 
fire  paflcff  through  that  country,  in  a 
very  dry  feafon,  according  to  Indian 
accounts,  50  years  ago,  and  fpreid  def- 
trudion  to  an  imnienfc  extent.  For 
other  particulars  rcfpedting  this  pro- 
vince, fee  the  articles  feparately,  and 
^ot-a-Scoiia,  Britijh  America,  &c. 

Br'jnswick  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  be- 
tween Nottaway  arid  Meherrin  rivers, 
and  is  about  38  miles  long,  and  55 
broad,  and  contains  12,827  inhabitants, 
including  6776  flives. 

Brutus,  a  military  townfliip  in 
New- York,  through  which  runs  Sene- 
ca R.  Here  the  river  receives  the  wa- 
ters of  Owafco  L.  from  the  S.  E.  thro' 
the  towTis  of  Aurelius  and  Scipio.  Bru- 
tus lies  II  miles  N.E.  from  the  N.  end 
of  Cayuaga  lyake,  and  19  S.  S.  E.  from 
Lake  Ontario. 

pRUYNswicK,  a  plantation  in  Ulftcr 
county,  New- York. 

Bryan,  a  co.  in  Georgia,  adjoining 
Chatham  co.  on  the  W.  and  S.  W. 

Bryant'j  Lick,  a  S.  E.  branch  of 
Green  R.  the  mouth  of  which  is  about 
27  miles  E.  of  Craigs  Fort,  and  10  E. 
of  Sulphur  Spring,  in  Mercer's  county, 
Kaitucky. 

BUCKINOHAJ* 


the  cJfteiT. 

irce  of  the 

1,  including 

d  limits. 

John's,  the 

indre^v'sy  &■. 

overnmcnt. 

St.  John'?. 

I   R.  Dick 

hi,  Petitco- 

he  3  laft  ex- 

uoddy  Bay. 

ift  extent  of 

rich  inter- 

moft  of 

r  improve- 

eneral  well 

pine   and 

wood,  prin- 

;,  and  fome 

>hn's  R.  arc 

fi  in  Britiiii 

derable  fup- 

navy. 

ito  Paflama- 
's  and  mead- 
ufl:  foimerly 
irge  growth 
ins  of  large 
.  A  raping 
oiintry,  in  a 
^  to  Indian 
1  fpread  dcf- 
;xtent.  For 
g  this  pro- 
arately,  and 
''ca,  &c. 
inia,  lies  be- 
lerrin  rrvTrs, 
ing,  and  55 
inhabitants, 

ownfliip  in 
\  runs  Sene- 
ives  the  wa- 
:  S.  E.  thro' 
Icipio.  Bru- 
I  the  N. end 
\.  S.  E.  from 

ion  in  Ulftcr 

a,  adjoining 
id  S.  W. 
.  branch  of 
ich  is  about 
,  and  xo  £. 
cr's  county, 

ckinoha:* 


BtJCKiNGHAM  Houfe,  in  New  South 

Wales,  lies  N.  wcftcrly  from  Hudfon 

Houfe,  and  ftands  on  the  northern  fide 

i      cl  Safltalhawen  R.  near  its  fource,  and 

4      is  the  wefternmoft  of  all  the  Hudfon 

P      Bay  company's  lettlement*.     N.  lat. 

54.  W.  long.  no.  »o. 

Buck  Harbor,  in  Hancock  Co.  dif- 
tria  of  Maine,  lies  W.  of  Machias,  and 
contains  61  inhabitants. 

Buck  IJland,  ontofthelefler  Virgin 

Ifles,  lituated  on  the  E.  of  St.  Thomas, 

in  St.  James's  Paffage.    Lat.  18.  15. 

.    N.  Long.  63.  30.  W. 

i       Buck  LAND,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp- 

.;    Ihire  co.  Maflachufetts,  containing  718 

'    inhabitants;  lao  miles  weft  ward  from 

Bofton. 

BucKLESTOWN,  in  Berkley  co.  Vir- 
ginia, is  a  village  8  miles  diftant  from 
Martinlburg,  and  250  from  Philad. 

Bucks  Co.  in  Pfnnfylvania,  lies  S. 
"VV.  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  feparated 
from  Jersey  by  Delaware  R.  on  the  S. 
E.  and  N.E.  and  has  Northampton  co. 
on  the  N.  W.  It  contains  25,401  in- 
habitants, including  114  flaves.  Bucks 
is  a  well  cultivated  county,  containing 
4 1 1,900  acres  of  land,  and  is  divided  into 
a;  townfliip8,the  chief  of  which  is  New- 
town. It  alK>und3  with  lime  ftonc,  and 
in  feme  places  are  found  iron  and  lead 
ore.  There  is  a  remarkable  hill  in  the 
N.  end  of  the  county  called  Haycock, 
in  the  townlhip  of  the  fame  name.  It 
is  15  miles  in  circumference,  having  a 
gradual  afcent,  and  from  its  fummit  is 
a  delightful  profpeft.  The  waters  of 
Tohickon  Creek  vvafh  it  on  all  fides 
except  the  weft. 

Bucks  rowNf,in  Hancock  co.  diftridl 
of  Maine,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Penobfcot 
R.  contains  316  inhabitants;  and  lies 
460  miles  N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

BucKTOWN,  in  Dorchefter  county, 
Maryland,  li':8  bcf  ween  Blackwater  and 
Tranfquacking  creeks,  iz  miles  from 
their  mouths  at  Filhing  Bay,  and  8^ 
miles  S.  £.  from  Cambrk^e. 

BucKTOWN,  a  townlhip  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  diftrid  of  Maine,  near  Port- 
land, containing  453  inhabitants. 

BuDDS  Valley^  a  place  in  Morris  co. 
N.  Jerfcy,  fituated  on  the  head  waters 
of  Rariton. 

B  u  E  N-A 1 R  E ,  one  of  the  I-eeward  Tdes 
in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  fmall  ;  lies 
eaftward  of  Cura^oa,  and  belongs  to 
the  Dutch. 


B  U  E 

Buenos  Ayres,  is  one  of  the  molv 
conQderable  towns  in  South-America, 
and  the  only  place  of  traffic  to  the 
fouthward  ot  Brazil.  It  is  the  capital 
of  Paraguay,  or  La  Plata,  in  the  S.  di* 
vifion  and  province  of  La  Plata.  S.lat.34. 
35.  W.  long.  57.  54.  This  city  ig  a 
biftiop's  fee,  is  well  fortified,  and  de> 
fended  by  a  numerous  artillery.  It  has 
an  elegant  cathedral,  a  fmall  Indian 
church,  and  about  4000  houfes.  The 
houfes  are  generally  two  ftories  high, 
fome  built  of  chalk,  and  others  of  brick ; 
moft  of  thcfe  are  tiled^  Buenos  Ayres 
has  its  name  on  account  of  the  excel- 
lence of  the  air,  and  is  fituated  jn  the 
S.  fide  of  the  river  La  Plata,  where  it 
is  7  leagues  broad,  jo  leagues  from  the 
fea.  The  fhips  get  to  it  by  failing  up 
a  river  ..t  wants  depth,  is  full  of  ill- 
ands,  luteals  and  rocks  ;  and  where 
ftorms  are  more  frequent  and  dreadful, 
than  on  the  ocean.  It  is  neceflary  to 
anchor  every  night  at  the  fpot  wnere 
they  come  to  ;  and  on  the  moft  motl- 
eratc  days,  a  pilot  muft  go  to  found 
the  way  for  the  fhlp.  After  having 
reached  within  three  leagues  of  the 
city,  the  fliips  are  obliged  to  put  their 
goods  on  board  fome  light  vefltl,  and 
to  go  to  refit,  and  wait  for  their  car- 
goes at  Icunad'^  de  Barragan,  fituated 
7  or  8  leagues  below. 

Here  we  meet  with  the  merchant! 
of  Eirope  and  Peru  ;  but  no  regular 
fleet  I  omes  here  as  to  the  other  partt 
of  St^nifti  America  ;  2,  or  at  moft  3, 
regift'T  Ihips,  make  the  whole  of  their 
regular  intercourfe  with  Europe.  The 
return,^  are  chiefly  gold  and  filver  of 
Chili  at.  d  Pcni,  fugar  and  hides.  Thofc 
who  have  now  and  then  carried  on  a 
contraband  trade  to  this  city,  have 
found  it  more  advantageous  than  any 
otiier  whatever.  The  benefit  of  this 
contraband  is  now  wholly  in  the  handi 
of  the  Portuguefe,  who  keep  maga- 
zines for  that  purpofe,  m  fuch  parts  of 
Brazil  as  lie  near  this  country. 

The  moft  valuable  commoditic* 
come  here  to  be  exchanged  for  Euro- 
pean goods,  fuch  as  Vigogma  wool 
from  Peru,  copper  from  Coquimbo, 
gold  from  Chili,  and  filver  from  Potofi. 
From  the  towns  of  Coricntcs  and  Para- 
guay, the  former  «jc,  the  latter  500 
leagues  from  Ruenos  Ayres,  are  brought 
hither  the  fineft  tobaico,  fugars,  cot- 
ton, thread,  yellow  wax,  and  cotton 

cluth  ; 


r  ii 
■  ■  lit 


■  ) 


i  '1 , 


inmmyi 


^iU 


M. 


!;i|  : 


B  U  K 

cloth  ;  and  from  Paraguay,  the  herb, 
fo  called,  and  lb  highly  valued,  being 
a  kind  of  tea  drank  all  over  S.  America 
by  the  better  fort  ;  which  one  branch 
is  computed  to  amount  to  a  million  of 
pieces  of  fright,  annually,  all  paid  in 
goods,  no  money  being  allowed  to  pafs 
here.  The  commerce  between  Peru 
and  Buenos  Ayres  is  chiefly  for  cattle 
and  mules  to  an  immenfe  value.  When 
the  Eugliih  had  the  advantage  of  the 
Afliento  contrad,  negro  flavcs  were 
bro«ght  hither  by  fadtors,  and  fold  to 
ih«  SpaauajTds. — It  was  founded  by  Don 
P«dri>  dc  iMfcndoza,  iffi  1535,  but  after- 
wardft  abarkioned.  In  1544,  another 
colony  of  Spaniards  came  here,  who 
left  it  aKb  ;  rojr  it  was  rebuilt  in  i^8a, 
and  is  at  prefcnr  mhaUted  by  Spani.irds 
anrt  native  Anif-x^ans-  It  is  furround- 
ed  by  a  Ip^^dou;,  plain,  and  pleafant 
country,  Aootwdm^  with  all  good 
things  ;  and  there  is  perhaps  no  place 
in  the  univerff  wliere  meat  is  better  or 
cheaper.  See  La  Plata  R.  and  province. 
Bv  f  FALOE  Lake,  in Britifh  America, is 
«ear  Copper  Mine  R.  N.lat.  6j.  30.  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich  no.  The  Cop- 
per Mine  Indians  inhibit  this  country. 

BuFFALOE  Lrri.     See  Great  Ridge. 

BuFFALOE  Creek,  in  New-York,  is 
a  water  of  Niagara  R.  from  the  E.  into 
which  it  empties,  near  its  mouth,  op- 
pofite  Lake  Erie.  The  Seneca  Indians 
have  a  town  <;  milts  from  its  mouth, 
which  is  able  to  furnifli  80  waniors. 
N.  lat.  42.  52. 

Bv  FFALOE,  a  township  W.  of  Suf- 
quehanna  R.  in  Pcnnfylvania.  See 
Northumberland  County. 

Buvi  ALOE  H.  in  the  Tcnneflee  gov- 
ernment, run.T  S.  w^ward  into  Ten- 
nelfee  R.  in  N.  hit.  ,;5.  1-, 

BuFFALOF.  R.  a  water  of  the  Ohio, 
which  it  cnttrr.  at  the  S.  bank,  Co  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  th<   Wabaih. 

BuFFALoii  Loiu  Lu^^i,  a  traA  of 
land  in  Northumberland  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  about  82  miles  S.£.  from  Frdmue 

ine. 

BuFFALOE  5w^»a;^,  in  Pcnnfylvania, 
See  Great  S<wamp, 

BuKARKLLi,  Point,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  in  the  j4th 
degree  of  N.  lat.  and  39th  of  W.  long, 
and  forms  the  N.  eaftern  fide  of  Dix- 
on's Entrance,  as  Wafliington  or 
Queen  Charlotte's  Iflands  form  its  f 
wtfl«rn  fide. 


BUR 

,  Bulfinch'j  Harbor,  fo  named  by 
C'apt.  Ingraliam,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  Ny  America,  lies  in  N.  lat.  46.  ja^. 
W.  long.  laj.  7  A. 

BuLLiTs  Lick,  lies  on  Salt  R.  in 
Kentucky,  foom  which  fait  fpring  the 
river  takes  its  name.  It  lies  ao  miles 
from  the  Rapids  of  the  Ohio,  near 
Saltlburgh  f  and  is  the  firft  that  was 
worked  in  the  country. 

Bull  IJlandf  one  of  the  3  idands 
which  form  the  N.  part  of  Charleften 
harbor,  South  Carolina. 

Bullock 'j  Point  and  Neck,  on  the 
eaftern  fide  of  Providence  R.  Rhode-I. 

Bulls  Bay,  or  Baboul  Bay,  a  noted 
bay  in  Newfoundland  I.  a  little  to  the 
S.  of  St.  John's  harbor,  on  the  E.  fide 
of  that  ifiand.  It  has  14  fathom  water, 
and  is  very  fafe,  being  land-locked.— 
The  only  danger  is  a  rock,  ao  yards 
from  Bread-and-Cheefe  Point,  another 
with  9  feet  water  off  Mogotty  Cove. 
Lat.  50.  50.  N.  long.  57.  10.  W. 

Bulls  IJland,  a  fmall  ifle  N.  of 
Charlefton  harbor.    See  Soutk-Carolina. 

BuLLSKiN,  a  townfhip  in  Fayette 
CO.  Penmylvania. 

Bun  COMB,  the  largeft  and  moft  wef 
tern  county  of  North  Carolina,  and 
perhaps  the  moft  mountainous  and  hil- 
ly in  th«  United  States.  It  is  in  Mor- 
gan diftridt,  bounded  W.  by  the  ftatc 
of  Ten&eflce ;  and  S.  by  the  ftate  of 
South  Carolina.  The  Blue  Ridge  palF- 
es  through  Buncomb,and  gives  rife  to 
many  large  rivers,  as  Catabaw,  Wa- 
teree.  Broad  R.  and  Pacokt. 

Bu  RGEo  IJles,  lie  in  White  Bear  Bay, 
NewfoundUiKl  I.  Great  Burgeo,  jr 
EclipfcL  lJe»inN.lat.47.3J«  W.  long. 
57-  31- 

Burke  Co.  in  Morgan  diftridt,  N, 
Carolina,  hab  8118  ishabitants,  includ- 
Jng  595  fl«veii.  Its  capital  is  Morgan- 
town. 

BuRKB  Co.  in  the  Lower  diftridt  of 
Georgia,  contains  9467  inliabitants,  in- 
cluding 59J  fiaves.  Its  chief  towns  arc 
Louifville,  and  Waynelborough. 

Bur  jCK,  a  townlhip  in  Caledonia  co. 
in  Vcitoont ;  diftant  from  Bennington, 
134  miles  N.  E. 

Bur  LI  NGTONyt«a  pleafant  townfhip, 
tV  chief  in  Chittendon  co.  Vermont, 
fit«MMc4  on  the  S.  fide  of  Onion  R.  on 
the  £.  tank  of  Lake  Champlain.  It 
has  33;  inhabitants.  If  is  in  this 
1  heaitby  jp^  aj|re«able  fituatioDy  that 

the 


*'  no 


of 


vm 


named  by 
i.  W.  coait 
at.  46.  52^. 

n  Salt  R.  in 
t  fpring  the 
ies  ao  miles 
Ohio,  near 
ft  that  was 

le  ^  iflands 
>f  Charkfton 

^feck,  on  the 
R.  Rhode-I. 
Bay,  a  noted 

little  to  the 
the  E.  fide 

thorn  water, 
nd-locked. — 
k,  ao  yards 
oint,  another 
ogotty  Cove, 
[o.  W. 
1  ifle  N.  of 
utk-Carolhia. 
3  in  Fayette 


ind  moft  wef- 
arolina,  and 
nous  and  hil- 
It  is  in  Mor- 
hy  the  ftatc 
f  the  ftate  of 
ue  Ridge  pafl- 
l  gives  rife  to 
atabaw,  Wa- 
kt. 

hite  Bear  Bay, 
t  Burgeo,  jr 
.  35.  W.  long. 


B  tJ  R  - 

the  governor  and  patrons  of  the  col- 
lege of  Venrkont,  intend  to  found  a 
feminary  of  learning,  where  youth  of 
all  denominations  may  receive  an  edu- 
cation. 

In  digging  a  well  about  15  rods  from 

the  bank  of  the  river,  frogs  have  been 

found,  at  the  depth  of  aj  feet,  where 

■  no  cavities  or  communication  with  the 

iwater  appeared,  through  which  they 

Umight  have  pafled  ;  and  when  expofed 

Ito  the  heat  of  the  fun  they  became  full 

*of  life  and  adivity-    Here  ftumps  of 

trees  are  found  40  feet  deep.     It  is 

conjedured  that   thefe  animals  muft 

have  been  covered  up  fome  hundred 

[rears  ago,  by  fome  inundation  of  the 

lyiver.    Burlington  is  a  a  miles  norther- 

ny  of  Vergennes,  laa  from  Bennington, 

land  33a  in  the  fame  dii-edtion  from 

Wew-York  city.  N.  lat.  44. 30. 

p     Burlington,   or  Ouineajiea  Bay, 

%on  the  E.  fide  of  LakeChamplain,  about 

1*34  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Crown  Point, 

'  (6*9  S.  E.  from  Lake  St.  Francis  in  St. 

Lawrence  R.  and  70  foutherly  from  St. 

John's.    14.  lat.  44*  aa. 

Burlington  Co.   in  New-Jerfey, 
extends  acrofs  from  the  Atlantic  ocean 
on  tike  S.  E.  to  Delaware  R.  and  part 
.    of  Huntingdon  00.  on  the  N.  W.  in 
I  length  about  60  miles.    A  great  pro- 
f  portion  of  it  is  barren  ;  about  fths  of 
it,  however,  is  under  good  cultivation, 
and  is  generally  level,  and    is  pretty 
well  watered.    It  has  18,095  inhabit- 
ants, including  aa?  Haves. 

Burlington,  city,  the  chief  town 
of  the  above  co-  is  under  the  gov- 
ernment of  a  ruyor,  aldermen,  and 
common  council.  The  extent  of  the 
townlhip  is  3  miles  along  the  Dela- 
ware, and  a  mile  back ;  being  about 
18  miles  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  11 
from  Trenton.  The  ifland,  which  is 
the  nioft  populous  part,  is  about  a  mile 
each  way.  It  has  4  entrances  over 
bridges,  and  caufeways,  M\iX  a  quantity 
•jf  bank  meadow  adjoiniuK-  On  the 
illand  are  about  x6o  houfes,  i  voo  white, 
and  140  black  inhabitants  ;  f '  w  of  the 
laft  arc  flaves.  The  main  Itrt^ts  are 
conveniently  fpacious,  and  moftly  or- 
namented with  rows  of  trees.  Th*" 
town  is  oppofite  Briftol  in  Pennfylva 
nia,  where  the  r  •ex  is  about  a  mile 
wide.  Underthe  Ihelter  of Mittinicunk 
aiiil  Burlington  itlands,  is  afafe  harbor, 
commodioiiily  fituated  for  trade;  but 


BUT 

too  near  the 'opulent  -city  of  Philadel- 
phia to  admit  of  any  coniiderablc  in- 
creafe  of  foreign  commerce.  Burling- 
ton wasfirft  fettled  in  1677,  and  has 
an  academy  and  free  fchool.  Mittini- 
cunk I.  belongs  to  the  latter,  and  yields 
a  yearly  profit  of  £,iio.  Burling- 
ton has  a  place  of  public  worlhip  for 
the  Friends,  and  another  for  the  Epif- 
copalians  ;  the  former  denomination 
of  chriftians  are  the  moft  inimerous. 
Here  are  two  market  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  the  beft  gaol  in  the  ftate. 
There  is  likewife  a  nail  mamifaftory, 
i.nd  an  excellent  diftiliery.  N.  lat.  40.8. 
Burlington,  a  townlhip  on  the 
caftem  fide  of  Unadilla  R.  in  Otfego 
CO.  New- York,  is  1 1  miles  W.  of  Coop- 
erftown.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796, 
438  of  its  inhabitants  are  electors. 

Burnt-Coat  Ifland.  See  Penobfcot 
Bay. 

Burton,  a  fmall  townlhip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New-Hampftiire,  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1766,  and  contains  141 
inhabitants. 

Burton,  a  townfhip  in  the  Britilh 
province  of  New-Brunfwick,  fituated 
in  Sunbury  co.  on  the  river  St.  John. 

BusEV  To^uhy  in  the  ifland  of  St, 
Domingo,  lies  near  Port-au-Prince,  and 
has  a  fort. 
Bush  Town.  See  Harford^Maryland, 
Bush  WICK,  a  fmall,  but  pleafant 
town,  in  King's  co.  Long  I.  New  '•'ork. 
The  inhabitants,  540  in  numbt  arc 
chieflj'  of  Dutch  extradion  ;  99  of 
thefe  arc  electors. 

Bushy  Run,  a  N.  E.  branch  of  Se- 
wickly  Creek,  near  the  head  of  which 
is  Gen.  Boquet's  Field.  The  creek 
runs  S.  wefterly  into  Youghiogeny  R. 
JO  miles  S.  E.  from  Pittfburg,  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Bustard  R.  in  Upper  Canada,  runs 
into  St.  Lawaence  K.  S.  weftward  of 
Black  R.  in  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  It 
runs  a  great  way  inland,  and  has  com- 
munication with  feveral  lakes  ;  and  at 
its  mouth  He  the  Ofiers  Iflands.  N. 
lat.  49.  ao.  "W.  lonp;.  68. 5. 

Butler'j  To  •:  on  the  W.  fide  of 
the  head  waters  of  i)i<-  Ohio. 

Butterfield,  afcttlement  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  diftrid  of  Maine,  having 
189  inhabitants.  It  lies  about  .;■;  milM 
N.  from  Falmouth,  on  Cafco  Bay; 
having  Butterfield  Slip  on  the  N.  and 
Bucktown  M'  the  South. 

BUTTFRHILt, 


flip 


ii 


% 


I   V 


:l 


(Sii! 


B  Y  R 


C  A  E 


■  '"ill  I 


■»i3 


»K' 


■■*IH 


!- 


lIuTTEliHiLL,  a  high  round  hill,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  at  the 
northern  entrance  of  the  Highlands.  In 
paffing  this  hill,  afcending  the  river, 
the  paflcngeris  prefented  with  a  charm- 
ing view  of  Nevp-Windfor  and  New- 
burgh. 

Botton'j  Bay,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Hudfon  lay,  N.  of,  and  near  to  Church- 
ill River.  Sir  Thomas  Button  loft 
his  Ihip  here,  and  came  back  in  a  floop 
built  in  the  country.  Button's  IJles  lie 
on  the  fouthern  fuie  of  Hudfon  ftraits, 
at  the  entrance  off  Cape  Chidley. 

BuxALOONs,  an  Indian  town  on  the 
N.  W.  bank  of  Alleghany  R, ;  nearly 
aj  miles  from  Fort  Franklin,  at  its 
mouth. 

Buxton,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
diftrift  of  Maine,  fituatedon  Saco  R. ; 
1 6  miles  N.  wefterly  from  Pepperelbo- 
rough,  at  the  mouth  of  that  river,  and 
II 8  miles  N.  E.  of  Bofton  ;  containing 
J  J  64  inhabitants. 

Buzzahd'j  Bay,  in  Maflachufetts, 
together  with  Barnftable  Bay  on  the 
N.  E.  form  the  peiiini  ula  whofe  extrem- 
ity is  called  Cape  Cod.  It  lies  between 
N.  lat.  41.  »5.  and  41. 42,  and  between 
70.  38.  and  71.  10.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich,  running  into  the  land  abou<t 
50  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  and  its  breadth 
at  an  average  is  about  7  miles.  Its  ent- 
rance has  Scakonet  Point  and  rocks  W. 
and  the  Sow  and  Pigs  off  tiie  S.  W.  end 
of  Cattahunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
iflands,  on  the  Eafl. 

Byberry,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  Pennfylvauia. 

Byefikld,  a  paiilh  in  Newbury, 
EfTex  CO.  MafTachufctts.  In  a  quarry 
of  lime  ftone  here,  is  found  the  ajbejloi, 
or  incorruptible  cotton,  as  it  is  foniv.-- 
times  called.  Beautifully  variegated 
marble,  which  admits  a  good  poliih, 
has  likewife  been  found  in  the  fame  vi- 
cinity. Here  is  alfo  a  (lourifhing  wool- 
en manufadtory  eftabliflied  on  a  liberal 
fcale  i  and  machinery  for  cutting  nails. 

Byram  R.  is  a  fmall  ftream,  only 
noticeable  as  forming  part  of  the  wef- 
tem  boundary  of  Conned:icut.  It  fails 
into  Long  I.  found,  oppoftte  Captain's 
Iflands. 

Byran  Tonutty  in  Charles  co.  Mvy- 
land,  is  about  9  miles  N.  E.  fr-oin  Port 
Tobacco  ;  and  34  S.  £.  from  the  Fedr- 


ral  City. 
Hyrb, 


FopT,  li^j  on  the  {"attt- 


bank  of  Monongahela  R. ;  oii  tke 
S.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Red-Stone 
Creek  ;  35  miles  S.  from  Pittlburg,  and 
about  29  N.  W.  from  Ohiopyle  Falls. 
On  or  near  this  fpot  ftands  the  compadt 
part  of  the  town  of  Brownfville.  N. 
fat.  39.  58.  W.  long.  81.  12. 

Byron'j  Bay,  on  the  N.  £.  coaft  of 
Labrador. 

CABARRUS,  a  new  co.  in  the  dift- 
rift  of  Saliftury,  North -Carolina. 

Cabela,  or  Cabella,  a  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America. 
N.  lat.  10  3. 

Cabin  Point,  a  fmall  poft-tovvn  in 
Surry  co.  Virginia,  lituated  on  Upper 
Chipoak  creek,  a6  miles  £.  S.  E.  of  Pe- 
teriburgh,  87  from  Portfmouth,  and  329 
S.  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia.    N.  lat.  37. 

Cabo  de  Cruz,  a  bold  point  of  land 
on  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
N.  lat.  19  57. 

Cabo  de  St.  Juan,  the  N.  eaftem- 
moft  point  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico, 
N.  lat.  18,30. 

Cabot,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont.  It  it  lituated  on  the  height 
of  land  between  Lake  Champlain  and 
Conncdticut  R.  about  17  miles  from  the 
15  mile  falls  in  the  above  named  R.  and 
contains  1202  inhabitants. 

Cabron,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of 
Prefque  ifle  de  Samana,  in  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  %z  leagues  S.  E.  by  E,  of 
old  Cape  Francois,  N.  lat.  19.  23. 

Cacapehon,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  runs  about  70  miles  N.  ealterly 
alonjr  the  weftcm  fide  of  North  Riilgc, 
and  empties  into  Potowmack  R.  30 
miles  N.  from  Federickftown. 

CACHiMAYO,  a  large  R.  in  Peru,  S. 
America,  which  falls  into  the  ocean 
within  2  leagues  of  La  Plata. 

Cadiz,  a  town  on  the  N.  (idc  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  near  160  miles  E.of 
Haviinnah,  and  50  N.  from  Spiritu 
Santo. 

Cain,  the  ch''f  city  of  Cayenne,  ir; 
I'  .  nch  Guiana,  in  S.  America.  SvO 
Ct<ytnne. 

Cai  KNARvoN,  a  townfliip  in  Lan- 
caftcr  CO.  Pennf)  ivania. 

C/ESARiA  R.  or  Cohanjie  Creek,  \\, 
New  Jcifc)-,  cmjities  inf  j  Delaware 
Bay,  aftv  1  a  S.  wel'<rly  courfc  of  ahoiil 
30  mitcs.     It  is  :ia\  :flrtble  Kic  vcfTcls  ci 


^^r 


;  en  tke 
Red-Stone 
tfburg»  and 
pyle  Falls, 
e  compaiit 
fvillc.    N. 

£.  coaft  of 


in  the  dift« 

1 -Carolina. 

cape  on  the 

America. 

oft-town  in 
on  Upper 
S.  E.  of  Pc, 
ith,and3»9 
N.  lat.  37. 
loint  ofland 
d  of  Cuba. 

N.  eaftem- 
Porto  Rico, 

aledonia  co. 
ithe  height 
impiain  and 
iles  from  the 
imed  R.  and 

E.  point  of 

the  ifland  of 

E.  by  E,  of 

19.  43. 

)f  Virginia, 

!  N.  ealleriy 

forth  Rii1ge> 

nack  R.  30 

vn. 

in  Peru,  S. 

I  the  ocean 

La. 

.  (idc  of  the 

miles  E.of 

om   Spiritu 


C  A  L 

tons  *s  far  as  Bridgetown,  ao  miles 
,m  its  mouth. 

Caghnewaga,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in 
wer  Canada,  fomc  of  whom  inhabit 
_  Montreal. 

Caghmewaga,  the  name  of  a  fmall 
Uage  or  pariih  on  the  N.  fide  of  Mo- 
viiawk  R.  in  the  townftiip  of  Johnftown, 
\Sout  84  miles  W.  of  Schencdady.    It 
fc  not  improbable  that  the  tribe  of  In- 
dians mentioned  in  the  preceding  ar- 
ticle  formeriy  inhabited   this   place. 
Johnjidfwn. 
Cahokia,  a  fettlement  in  the  N. 
[ftem  territory,  N.  of  Kalkalkias. 
Calabeza,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
Terra  Firma,  on  Oroonoco  river. 
Calcay LARES,  a  jurifdidlion  in  S. 
merica,  and  empire  of  Peru,  fubjedt 
the  bifbop  of  Cufco,  about  4  leagues 
.of  that  city ;  exuberant  in  all  kinds 
!^f  giain  and  fruits,  and  fugar  equal  to 
Ipiy  of  the  refined  fugar  of  Europe, 
formerly  it  produced  80,000  arobas  ; 
%ut  the  quantity  is  now  laid  to  be 
'much  lefs. 

Calais,  a  townfhip  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont,  105  miles  N.  eafterly  of  Ben- 
nington.   It  has  45  inhabitants. 

Caldersburgh,  a  townfhip  in  Or- 
•^ieans  co,  in   Vermont,  is  about   151 
iles  N.  £.  from  Bennington,  c.nd  ji 

of  ConntjClicut  river. 
Caledon  I  A,  N£W,a  very  large  ifland 
fin  the  Pacific  ocean,  S.  W.  and  not  far 
iMiftant,  from  the  New  Hebrides,  firft 
difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1774.    It 
^is  about  87  leagues  long  ;  its  breadth 
"is  various  and  no  where  exceeds  ten 
leagues.    It  is  inhabited  by  a  race  of 
ftout,  tall,  well  proportioned  Indians 
*)f  a  Iwarthy  or  dark  chefnut  brown. 
A  few  leagues  diftant  are  two  fmall 
iilands,  called  ifland  of /'/'»»  and  bo- 
tany ifland. 

Caledonia  Co.  in  Vermont,  con- 
tains 24  townfhips  and  has  Connecticut 
river  i>.  li.  ;  Orleans  and  Chittenden 
rounties  N.  W. ;  ElTcx  co.  N.  E. ;  and 
Or  -f  CO.  of  which,  until  lately,  it 
fonn>  i  a  part,  S.  W. 

CALKDONiA,a  port  on  theillmusof 
\^  ten  in  the  N.  Sea,  25  leagues  N. 
\^  tVom  the  river  Atrato.  It  was  at- 
tempted to  be  ellalviiihed  by  the  Scotch 
nation  in  1698,  and  had  at  firft  all  the 
promifuig  appearances  of  luccefs  ;  but 
i\  Engliftj,  influctued  by  narrow  na- 
♦ion;il  prejudices,  ^^t  every   impcdi- 


C  A  L 

mcnt  in  their  way  ;  which,  joined  t» 
the  unhealthinefs  of  the  climate,  de- 
flroyed  the  infant  colony.    See  Darken^ 

Cali,  a  city  of  New  Granada,  S. 
America,  fituated  on  the  river  Cauca. 
The  ftaple  iwrt  for  this  city,  as  alfo  for 
thofe  of  Popayan,  Santa  Fe,  and  the 
fouthem  parts  of  Terra  Firma,  is  Bon- 
aventura  in  the  diftridt  of  Popayan. 
The  road  by  land  from  that  port  is  not 
pallable  for  beafts  of  burden  ;  fo  that 
travellers,  with  their  baggage,  are  car- 
ried on  the  backs  of  Indians  in  a  chair, 
with  which  weight  they  crofs  rivers  and 
mountains,  being  entirely  flaves  to  the 
Spaniards,  who  thus  fubftitute  them  in 
the  room  of  horfes  and  mules.  N. 
lat.  3.  15.  W.  long.  76.  30. 

Cali  BOG  IE  River  and  Sounds  on  the 
coaft  of  S.  Carolina,  form  the  outlet  of 
May  and  New  rivers. 

California,  an  extenfive  peninfula 
of  N.America,  lying  between  the  tropic 
of  Cancer  and  the  38.  N.  lat.;  wafhed 
on  the  E.  by  a  gulf  of  the  fame  name^ 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  or 
great  S.  Sea  ;  lying  within  the  three 
capes  or  limits  of  Cape  St.  Lucas,  the 
river  Colkrado  and  Cape  Blanco  do 
San  S«baftian,  which  is  called  its  weft- 
em  limit.  The  gulf  which  wafhes  it 
on  the  E.  called  the  gulf  of  California, 
is  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  inter- 
cepted between  Cape  Corientes  on  the 
one  fide,  and  Cape  St.  Lucas  on  the 
other ;  that  is  between  Mexico  or  New 
Spain  on  the  N.  E.  and  that  of  Califor- 
nia on  the  W.  The  length  of  Califor- 
nia is  about  300  leagues,  in  breadth  it 
bears  no  proportion,  not  being  more 
than  40  leagues  acrofs,  from  fea  to  fea. 
The  country  is  very  fruitful,  abounds 
with  domeftic  animals  brought  thither 
originally  fi-ora  Spain,  and  with  fome 
wild  animals  not  known  in  Old  or  New- 
Spain  The  climate  is  fultry,  the  heat 
in  lumnier  being  excefTjvely  feverc. 
The  Roman  Catholics  talk  of  having 
met  with  confiderable  fu^cefs  in  con- 
verting the  Californirjii  to  Chriftianity. 
The  chief  town  is  St.  Joan. 

Cones  difcovered  tiiis  country  in 
1536  ;  but  Sir  Francis  Drake  was  the 
firfl  who  took  pofltflion  of  it,  in  157*  ; 
and  his  right  was  confirmed  by  the 
principal  king  or  chief  in  the  whole 
country. 

Callao,  a'fea-port  town  in  the  em- 
pire of  Peru,  being  the  port  or  harbor 


n 


i 


C  A  L 


CAM 


I 


Pf-'t:^' 


I'f^'i: 


Af  Lima,  and  is  fituated  2  leagues  from 
that  city.  On  the  N.  fide  runs  th« 
river  wiiich  waters  Lima,  on  which  fide 
is  a  fmall  fuburb  built  only  of  reeds. 
There  is  another  on  the  S.  fide  ;  they 
are  both  called  Pitipifti,  and  inhabited 
by  Indians.  To  the  E.  are  eJrtenfive 
plains,  adorned  with  beautiful  orchards 
watered  by  canals  cut  from  the  river. 
The  town,  which  is  built  on  a  low  flat 
point  of  land,  was  ftrongly  fortified  in 
the  reign  of  Philip  IV.  j  and  numerous 
batteries  command  the  port  and  road, 
which  is  the  greateft,  fincft,  and  fafeft 
in  all  the  South  Sea.  There  is  anchor- 
age every  where  in  very  deep  water, 
without  danger  of  rocks  or  Ihoals,  ex- 
cept one,  which  is  .3  cables-length  from 
the  lliore,  about  the  middle  of  the 
jfland  of  St.  Lawrence,  oppofite  La 
Galatea.  The  little  ifland  of  Callao 
lies  juft  before  the  town.  In  the  open- 
ing between  thel'e  two  iflands,  there 
are  two  fmall  illots,  or  rather  rocks ; 
there  is  alio  a  third  very  low,  but  half 
a  league  out  at  fea,  S.  S.  E.  from  the 
N.  W.  point  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Law- 
rence. Near  the  lea-fide  is  the  gov- 
ernor's houfe, which,  with  the  viceroy's 
palace,  take  up  two  fides  of  a  fquare  ; 
the  parifti  church  makes  a  third ;  and  a 
battery  of  3  pieces  of  cannon  forms  the 
fourth.  The  churches  are  built  of 
canes  interwoven,  and  covered  with 
clay,  or  painted  white.  Here  are  5 
monafteries,  and  an  hofpital.  The 
houfes  are  in  general  built  of  flight 
materials  ;  the  fingular  ciroumftance  of 
its  never  raining  in  this  country,  ren- 
ders ftonc  houfes  unneceflTary  ;  and 
befides,  thefe  are  more  apt  to  fuifer 
from  earthquakes,  which  are  frequent 
here.  The  molt  remarkable  happened 
in  the  year  1746,  which  laid  4:ths  of 
Lima  level  with  the  ground,  and  en- 
tirely demolifl^ied  Callao  ;  where  the 
deftrudion  was  fo  entire  that  only  one 
man,  of  3000  inhabitants,  was  left  to 
record  thiu  dreadful  calamity,  S.  lat. 
12.  1.  W.  long.  77. 

Callacalles,  a  river  of  Chih 
whicli  falls  into  the  S.  fca  at  Baldivia. 

CALLiACiUA,  a  town  and  harbor  at 
the  S.  W.  end  of  St.  Vincent,  one  of 
the  Caribbce  iflands.  The  harbour  is 
t)ie  beft  in  the  ifland,  and  draws  thither 
a  great  part  of  the  trade,  and  the  prin- 
cipal inhabitants  oftht  ifliind. 

Calos,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coaft  of 


the  peninfula  of  £.  Florida,  where  are 
excellent  fifhing  banks  and  grounds. 
Not  far  firom  this  is  a '  confiderable 
town  of  Seminole  Indians.  The  Span- 
iards fi'om  Cuba  take  great  quantities 
of  fifli  here,  and  barter  with  the  In- 
dians and  traders  for  fkins,  fiirs,  &c, 
and  return  with  their  cargoes  to  Cuba. 

Calm  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
N.  America,  lies  within  Briftol  Bay, 
on  the  northern  fide. 

Caln,  Eaji  and  ITf/f,  two  town- 
fhips  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Calpolalpan,  a  mountain  in  New 
Mexico,  which  abounds  with  quarries 
of  jafptr  and  marble  of  different  colors. 

Calvert  Co.  in  Maryland,on  the  W. 
fliore  of  the  Chefapeak  ;  it  is  about  ^t, 
miles  long,  and  narrow. 

Camana,  a  jurifdidtion  of  S.Ame- 
rica, in  the  empire  of  Peru,  under 
the  biihop  of  Arequipa,  very  extenfive, 
but  full  of  defarts,  fome  diftance  from 
the  South  Sea  coaft.  Eaftward  it  ex- 
tends to  the  borders  of  the  Andes ; 
abounds  in  grain,  fruits,  and  fome  fil- 
ver  mines. 

Cambridge,  atownfliip  in  Graflon 
CO.  New-Hamplhire,  E.  of  Androfcog- 
gin,  and  S.  of  Umbagog  Lake. 

Cambridge,  a  townfliip  in  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  New- York.  By  the  cenfus 
of  1790,  it  contained  4996  inhabitants, 
including  41  flaves.  By  the  ftate  cen- 
fus of  1796,  it  appears  there  are  623 
eledors. 

Cambridge,  the  half  fliire  town  of 
Middlefcx  co.  Maflachufetts,  is  one  of 
the  largeft  and  moft  refpedlable  town- 
Ihips  of  the  county.  Its  3  pariflieSjCam- 
bridge,  Little  Cambridge,  and  Mcnoto- 
my,  contain  3  Congregational  meeting 
houfes,  one  for  Baptifts,  and  another 
tor  Epifcopalians ;  a  number  of  very 
picafant  feats,  and  2115  inhabitants. 
The  elegant  bridge  which  conne(5>s 
this  town  with  Bolton  has  been  dcfcrib- 
ed  under  the  head  of  Bofton.  Tlve 
compad  part  of  Cambridge  is  pleafiiit- 
ly  fituated  3^  miles  weft  ward  of  Bofton, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Charles  river,  over 
which  is  i  bridge  leading  to  Little  Cam- 
bridge. It  contains  about  100  dwell- 
ing houfes.  Its  public  buildings,  bc- 
fiues  the  edilices  which  belong  to  Har- 
vard univerlity,  arc  the  Epifcopal  and 
Congregational  meeting-houfes,  and  a 
handfome  coart-iioufe.  The  college 
buildings  arr  a  m  number,  and  are  of 

brick, 


m 


m 


Ja,  where  arc 
and  groundj, 

conflderable 
The  Span, 
eat  quantities 

with  the  In. 
ns,  ftirs,  &c. 
goes  to  Cuba. 
.  W.  coaft  of 

Briftol  Bay, 

two  town, 
yivania. 
ntain  in  New 
with  quarries 
fferent  colors. 
ind,ontheW. 
it  is  about  23 

1  of  S.  Ame- 
Peru,  under 
ery  extenfive, 
diftance  from 
ftward  it  ex- 
"  the  Andes  ; 
and  fome  fil- 

ip  in  Grafton 
>f  Androfcog- 
;^ake. 

lip  in  Waflj- 
Jy  the  cenfus 
6  inhabitants, 
the  ftate  cen- 
there  are  623 

fhire  town  of 
tts,  is  one  of 
:ftable  town- 
>ari(hes,Cam. 
and  Mcnoto- 
anal  meeting 
and  another 
iber  of  very 
inhabitants, 
ich  conne<5>s 
been  dcfcrib- 
ofton.  TIk- 
;e  is  ple.if  iiit- 
rdofBoftoij, 
8  river,  over 
3  Little  Cam- 
t  100  dwell- 
uildingH.  be- 
long to  Hai 
pifcopal  and 
)ufes,  and  a 
The  college 
,  and  arc  of 
brick, 


CAM 

rick»  nanacd  Harvard,  HoHis,  and  Maf- 
^hufetts  Halls,  and  Holden  Chapel, 
fbey  Hand  on  a  beautiful  green  which 
preads  to  the  N.  W.  and  exhibit  a 
deafing  view.    This  univerfity,  as  to 
^  library,  philofophical  apparatus  and 
brofeiToriliips,  is  at  prefent  the  hrft  lit- 
rary  inftitution  on  this  continent.    It 
|ke8  its  date  from  the  year  i6;»8,   7 
ears  after  the  firft  ftttkment  in  the 
bwnfhip,  then  called  Nnutown.  Since 
I  eftabhfhment,  to  July,  1794,  3:199 
^dents  have  received  honorary  de- 
pes  from  its  fucceffive  oflRcers.     It 
»  generally  from  140  to  200  ftadents. 
it  library  contains  upwards  of  laooo 
Humes.    The  cabinet  of  minerals,  in 
le  nmfeum,  contains  the  more  ufeful 
rodudions  of  nature  ;  and  excepting 
^hat  are  calkd  the  precious  Jlones,  there 
«  very  few  fubftances  yet  difcovered 
I  the  mineral  kingdom,  but  what  may 
;  found  here.    The  univerfity  owes 
!»is  noble  colledtion  of  mineralij,  and 
Jpetal  other  natural  curiofities,  to  the 
If  unificence  of  Dr.  Letfom,  of  London, 
Wd  to  that  of  the  republic  of  France. 
of*  lat.  4a.  43. 38.  W.  long.from  Green- 
wich 71.  7.  30. 

ji  Cambridge,  a  poft  town  of  Ninety- 
■jix  diftri(a,  in  the  upper  country  of 
L  Carolina,  where  the  circuit  courts 
re  held.    It  contains  about  60  houfes, 
court-houfe  and  a  brick  gaol.    The 
oUege  by  law  inftituted  here  is  no  bet- 
r  than  a  grammar  fchool.    [See  SoutA 
ySaroiina.]    It  is  80  miles  N.  N.  W.  of 
„yColumbia  ;  50  N.  by  W.  of  Augufta, 
-ma  Georgia,  140  N.  W.  of  Charlefton, 
nd  76Z  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.    N.  lat. 
S4.  9- 
Cambridge,  the  chief  town  of  Dor- 
hefter  co.  Maryland,  is  fituated  on  th*. 
.  Pde  of  Choptank  R.  about  13  miles 
E.  S.  E.  from  Cook's  point  at  its  mouth ; 
}  W.  S.  W.  from  Newmarket,  and  5; 
B.  E.  fnom  Baltimore.     Its  fituation  ft 
^ealthy,  and  it  contains  about  50  houfes 
nd  a  church.    N.  lat  38.  34. 
Cambridge,  in  Franklin  co.  Ver- 
nont,  is  fituated  on  both  fides  of  La 
Hoille  R.  about  20  miles  W.  of  Lake 
^hamplain,  and  has  359  inhabitants. 

Camden  Co.  in  Edenton  diftria,  N. 
Carolina,  is  in  the  N.  E.  corner  of  the 
late.  It  has  4033  inhabitants,  includ- 
ng  10)8  flaves.  Jonefborough  is  the 
phief  town. 
Ca  mdkn  DifiriSt  in  the  upper  coun- 


C  A  M 

try  of  S.  Carolina,  has  Cheraws  diftii(?i 
on  the  N.  E.  Georgetown  diftrift  on 
the  S.  E.  and  the  ftatc  of  N.  Carolina 
on  the  N. ;  and  is  divided  into  the  fol- 
lowing counties,  Fairfield,  Richland* 
Clarendon,  Claremont,  Kerfliaw,  Sa- 
lem and  Lancafier.  It  is  82  miles  from 
N.  ta  S.  and  60  from  E.  to  W.  and 
contains  38,265  inhabitants,  including 
886.5  flaves.  This  diftri(ft  is  watered 
by  the  Wateree,  or  Catalww  R.  and  its 
branches ;  the  upper  part  is  variegated 
with  hills,  generally  fertile  and  well 
watered.  It  produces  Indian  com, 
wheat,  rye,  barley,  tobacco,  and  cot- 
ton. The  Catabaw  Indians,  the  only 
tribe  which  refide  in  the  ftate,  live  in 
the  N.  part  of  this  diftrift.  See  Cata- 
baiv. 

Camden^,  a  poft  town,  and  chief  of 
Camden  diftridt,  S.  Carolina,  in  Ker<« 
(haw  CO.  ftands  on  the  E.  fide  ol  Wa- 
teree R. ;  35  miles  N.  E.  of  Columbia  ; 
5?  S.  W.  of  Cheraw  ;  120  N.  by  W. 
of  Charlefton,  and  643  S.  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  about  120  houfes,  an  Epifco- 
pal  church,  a  court-houfe  ,ind  gaol. 
The  navigable  river  on  which  the  town 
ftands,  enables  the  inhabitants  to  ''any 
on  a  lively  trade  with  the  back  coun- 
try.   N.  lat.  34. 12.  W.  long.  80.  54. 

This  town,  or  near  it,  was  the  fcene 
of  two  battles  in  the  late  war.  On  the 
i6th  of  Auguft,  1780,  between  Gen. 
Gates  and  Lord  Comwallis,  in  which 
the  American  general  was  defeated. 
The  other  was  a  brilk  a<ftion  between 
Lord  Ravvdon  and  Gen.  Greene,  oi> 
the  25th  of  April,  1781.  Lord  Raw- 
don  fallied  otrt  of  the  town  with  800 
men,  and  attacked  the  American  camp, 
which  was  within  a  mile  of  the  town. 
The  Americans  had  126  men  killed, 
and  100  taken  prifoners,  and  the  Brit- 
iih  had  about  100  killed.  The  towa 
was  evacuated  the  9th  of  May,  in  ths 
fame  year,  after  Lord  Rawdon  had 
burned  the  gaol,  mills,  many  private 
houfes,  and  part  of  his  own  baggage. 

Camden  Co.  in  the  lower  diftri<ft  of 
Georgia,  at  the  S.  E.  comer  of  the 
ftate,  on  St,  Mary's  R.  contains  305  in- 
habitants, including  70  flaves.  Chief 
town  St.  Patricks. 

Camden,  a  fmall  poft  town  en  the 
weftern  fide  of  Penobfcot  bay,  diftricJt 
of  Maine,  and  the  S.  eafternmoft  town- 
ihip  of  Lij.coln  co.  having  Thomaftown 


I.I ' 


I 


i;(i 


t 


■•1:1 


ii ; 


CAM 

on  the  S.  W. ;  .35  miles  N.  N.  E  from 
Puwnalborough,  and  aa8  miles  N.  E. 
from  Bolton. 

Camden,  a  village  in  Kent  co.  (late 
of  Delaware  ;  about  4  miles  S.  W. 
from  Dover,  and  5  N.  welterly  from 
Frederica. 

Camillus,  one  of  the  military  town- 
fhips  in  New- York,  W.  of  Salt  Lake, 
and  about  18  miles  S.  W.  from  Fort 
Brewington. 

Cam  IJland,  one  of  the  fmaller 
Virgin  Ifles,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  fituat- 
ed  near  St.  John's  in  the  King's  Chan- 
nel.   N.  lat.  18.  »o.  W.  long.  63. 15. 

Campbell  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  £.  of 
Bedford  co.  on  Staunton  R.  It  is  45 
miles  long,  ana  30  broad,  and  contains 
7,685  inhabitants,  including  a,488Ilaves. 

Campbelltown,  a  village  in  Dau- 
phin CO.  Pennfylvania,  which  Aands 
near  a  water  of  Quitipihilla  Creek  •  13 
miles  E.  of  Harrifburgh,  and  96  N.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Campbelltown,  in  N.  Carolina,  is 
a  large  and  flourifliing  town  on  a  branch 
of  Cape  Fear  R.  100  miles  above  Wil- 
mington ;  having,  according  to  Bar- 
tram,  *•  above  100  houles,  many  wealthy 
merchants,  refpe<Sable public  buildings, 
a  vaft  refort  of  inhabitants  and  travel- 
lers, and  continual  brilk  commerce  by 
waggons,  from  the  back  fettlements, 
with  large  trading  boats." 

Campbell'j  Fort,  in  the ftate of  Ten- 
neflfee,  Hands  near  the  junftion  of  Holf- 
ton  R.  with  the  Tenneffee  ;  diftant 
135  miles  from  Abingdon,  in  Wafhlng- 
ton  CO.  Virginia,  and  445  W.  of  Rich- 
mond in  Virginia. 

Campbell'j  Salines,  in  North  Hol- 
fton,  in  the  ftate  of  Tenneffee,  are  the 
only  ones  that  have  yet  been  difcovered 
on  the  upper  bra:,  ^hes  of  the  Tenneflee, 
though  great  fearch  has  been  made  for 
them.  Large  bones,  like  thofe  found 
at  Big  Bone  Lick,  have  been  dug  up 
here  ;  and  other  circumftances  render 
the  traft  which  contains  the  falines  a 
great  natural  curiofity.  Capt.  Charles 
Campbell,  one  of  the  firft  explorers  of 
the  weftem  country,  made  the  difcov- 
ery  of  this  tradt  in  1745.  In  1753,  ^^ 
obtained  a  patent  for  it  from  the  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia.  His  fon,  the  late 
Gen.  William  Campbell,  the  fame  who 
behaved  fo  gallantly  in  the  years  1780, 
and  1781,  became  owner  of  it  on  hJs 
death.    Bat  it  was  not  till  the  tinr    of 


CAM 

his  death,  when  fait  was  verf'  fcarcf 
and  dear,  that  falt-water  was  difcover- 
ed, and  (alt  made  by  a  poor  man. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  improved  to 
a  confiderable  extent,  and  many  thou- 
fands  of  people  arc  now  fupplied  from 
it,  with  fait  of  a  fuperior  quality,  and 
at  a  low  price.  The  traA  connftt  of 
about  300  acres  of  lalt  marfh  land,  ot 
as  rich  a  foil  as  can  be  imagined.  In 
this  flat,  pits  are  funk,  in  order  to  ol>- 
tain  the  fait  water.  The  beft  is  found 
from  30  to  40  feet  deep  ;  after  pafling 
through  the  rich  foil  or  mud,  from  6 
to  10  feet,  you  come  to  a  very  brittle 
lime-ftone  rock,  with  cracks  or  chafms, 
through  which  the  fait  water  iffues  in- 
to the  pits,  whence  it  is  drawn  bj 
buckets  and  put  into  the  boilers,  which 
are  placed  in  furnaces  adjoining  the 
pits.  The  hills  that  furround  this  flat 
are  covered  with  fine  timber  ;  and  a 
coal  mine  haa  been  difcovered  not  far 
from  it. 

Campeachv,  a  town  in  the  audi- 
ence  of  Old-Mexico,  or  New-Spain, 
and  province  of  Yucatan,  fituated  oir 
the  bay  of  Campeachy,  near  the  W. 
(hore.     Its  boiifes  are  well  built  of 
ftone  5  when  taken  by  the  Spaniards  it 
was  a  large  town  of  3000  houfes,  and  | 
had  confiderable  monuments  of  Indian 
art  and  induftry.     There  is  a  good 
dock  and  fort,  with -a  governor  and 
garrifon,  which  commands  both  tht 
town  and  harbor.    It  has  been  often 
ftormed  and  taken,  both  by  the  Engiifli 
and  French  buccaniers,  in  16.^9,  167S, 
and  laft  in  1685,  when  thefc  freebooters 
united,  and  plundered  every  place  with- 
in 15  leagues  round  it,  for  the  fpace  of 
two  months  ;  they  afterwards  fct  fire 
to  the  fort  and  town,  which  the  gov- 
ernor, who  kept  the  field  with  his  mtr, 
would  not  ranfom  ;  and  to  compietf 
the  pillage  by  a  fingTilar  piece  of  folly, 
the  French  buccaniers  celebrated  the 
feaft  of  their  king,  the  day  of  St.  Louis, 
by  burning  to  the  value  of  £,.$0,000 
fterling,  of  Campeachy  wood,  which 
was  a  part  of  their  Ihare  of  the  pluir- 
der.     The  port  is  large  but  ihallow, 
It  was  a  ftated  market  for  logwood,  of 
which  great  quantities  grew  in  the 
neighborhood,  before  the  Englifh  land- 
ed there,  and   cut  it  at  the  ifthmus. 
which  they  entered  at  Triefta  Ifland, 
near  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  40  leagues 
S.  W.  from  Campeachy.     The  chict 

'manufa(5luro 


IS  \mf  fcarcf 

was  difcover- 

a  poor  man. 

n  improved  to 

id  many  thou- 

fupplicd  from 

r  quality^  and 

aA  confifts  of 

narlh  land,  ot 

imagined.    In 

n  order  to  ob- 

e  bed  is  found 

;  after  paflSng 

mud,  from  6 

a  very  brittle 

cks  or  chafnis, 

vater  iflues  in- 

is  drawn  by 

boilers,  which 

adjoining  the 

rround  this  flat 

timber  ;  and  3 

overed  not  far 

n  in  the  audi- 
or  New-Spain, 
m,  fituated  on 
,  near  the  W. 
well  built  of^ 
:he  Spaniards  it 

00  houfes,  and 
ments  of  Indian 
here  is  a  good 
\  {governor  and 
\and8  both  the 
has  been  often 

1  by  the  Enplifli 
in  i6.<9,  1678, 

hefe  freebooters 
very  place  with- 
for  the  fpace  of 
irwards  fet  fire 
vhich  the  go\- 
d  with  his  mer, 
id  to  complete 
r  piece  of  foil), 
celebrated  the 
ay  of  St.  Louis, 
ue  of  Xi .50,000 
f  wood,  which 
re  of  the  plun- 
ge but  {hallow 
for  logwood,  of 
'3  grew  in  the 
he  Englifh  land- 
at  the  ifthmu% 
Trtefta  Ifland, 
bay,  40  league' 
ly.  The  chict 
inanufadlurv' 


CAN 

'jiJMnufaAure  here  is  cotton  cloth.  Lat. 
,dt5.4o.  long.91.  30. 
[  Camfo  Bello,  a  long  and  narrow 
iiflaod,  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Wafliington 
tco;  diftria  of  Maine,  and  ,the  N.  eaft- 
rnmoft  of  all  the  iflands  of  the  diftrid. 
It  lies  at  the  mouth  of  a  large  bay  into 
/hich  Cobfcook  river  empties,  and  has 
communication  with  Paffamaquoddy 
ly  on  the  N.  by  two  channels  ;  the 
fle  between  the  W.  fide  of  Deer  I.  and 
^e  continent ;  the  other  into  the  mouth 
Paffamaquoddy  Bay  between  Deer 
[land  the  N.  end  of  Campo  Bello  I. 
Jiich  lies  in  about  N.  lat.  44.  48. 
fee  S.  end  is  5  miles  N.  wefterly  from 
frand  Mdnnan  I 

.CAMPToNj    a    fmall   townlhip    in 
Jraftbri  to.  New-Hamplhire,  fituated 
|n  the  E;  bank  of  Pemigewaffet,  the 
head  Water  of  Merrimack  R. ;  35 
siles  N.  E.  of  Dartmouth  College, 
ad  67  N.  W.  of  Portfmouth.    It  was 
Ijcorporated  in  I76i,and  contains  395 
ihabifants.    N.  lat.  43.51.  . 
Canaan,  athriving  townlhip  in  Lin- 
>ln  CO.  diftria  of  Maine,  fituated  on 
fennebeck  R.  about  7  miles  N.  of  Han- 
ack,  and  %^i  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton ;  in- 
jorated  in  1788,  and  contains  454 
^habitants. 
A  plantation  in  Hancock  co.  is  alfo 
Jius  named,  having  13a  inhabitants. 
Canaan,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton  co. 
few-Hampftiire,  lo  miles  E.  of  Dart- 
mouth College  }  incorporated  in  1 761. 
1775  it  contained  67,  and  in  1790, 
1^83  inhabitants. 
Canaan,  a  townfhip  in  Litchfield 
J.  Connedlicut,  E.  of  Houfatonick  R. 
JaViiig  Maffachufetts  on  the  N.    Here 
.  a  forge  and  flitting  mill,  erefted  on  a 
lew  coniiruftion ;  and  the  iron  ufed 
lere  is  faid  to  be  excellent.     In  the 
lountains  of  Canaan,  are  found  valua- 
ble fpecimens  of  minerals,  particularly 
fcad  and  iron.    It  lies  60  miles  N.  of 
Icw-Haven,  and  40  N.  W.  from  Hart- 
)rd. 
Canaan,    a  townfliip  in  EiTex  co. 
fermont,  is  the  N.  eafternmuft  town 
the  natc.    It  Hands  at  the  foot  of 
ae  Upper  Great  Monadnock,  and  has 
19  inhabitants. 
Canaan,  a  townfliip  in  Columbia 
J.  New-York,  having  Kinderhopk  on 
le  W.  and  Maffachufetts  E.    It  has 
1,691  inhabitants,  including  35  Ilavcs  ; 
U3  of  the  free  inhabitants  are  electors. 
K 


CAN 

Canada.  The  Britifli  provinces  of 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  conftitutcd 
by  aft  of  parliament  in  1791,  compre- 
hend the  territory  heretofore  called 
Canada.  They  lie  between  61.  and  81. 
W.long.  from  London,  and  between  4a. 
30.  and  5  a. N. lat.  In  length  about  1400 
miles,  and  in  breadth  500.  Bounded 
N.  by  New-Britain  and  unknown  coun- 
tries ;  E.  by  New-BriUin  and  the  gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence  ;  S.  E.  and  foutherly, 
by  the  province  of  New-Brunfwick, 
the  diftrid  of  Maine,  New-Hampftiire, 
Vemiont,  New-York,  and  the  Lakes  ; 
the  weftetn  boundary  is  undefined. 
The  province  of  Upper  Canada  is  the 
fame  as  what  has  been  commonly  call- 
ed the  Upper  Country.  It  lies  N.  of 
the  great  Lakes,  and  is  feparated  from 
New-York  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
here  called  the  Cataraqui,  and  the  lake* 
Ontario  and  Erie. 

Lower  Canada  lies  on  both  (ides  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  between  61.  and  71. 
W.  long,  from  London  ;  and  45.  and 
5a.  N.  lat.  and  is  bounded  S.  by  New- 
Brunfwick,  Maine,  New-Hampfliire, 
Vermont,  and  New- York  ;  and  W.  by 
Upper  Canada. 

The  line  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada  commences  at  a  ftone  bound- 
ary on  the  N.  bank  of  lake  St.  Francis, 
in  St.  Lawrence  R.  at  the  cove  W.  of 
Point  au  Boudet,  thence  northerly  to 
Ottawas  R.  and  to  its  fource  in  lake 
Tomifcaning,  thence  due  N.  till  it 
ftrikes  the  boundary  of  Hudfon  bay,  or 
New-Britain.  Upper  Canada  to  in- 
clude all  the  territory  to  the  weftward 
and  fouthward  of  faid  line,  to  the  ut- 
moft  extent  of  the  country  known  by 
the  name  of  Canada. 

Winter  continues,  with  fuch  feverity, 
from  December  to  April,  as  that  the 
largeft  rivers  are  frozen  over,  and  the 
fnow  lies  commonly  from  four  to  fix 
feet  deep  during  the  winter.  But  the 
air  is  fd  ferene  and  clear,  ;uid  the  in- 
habitants fo  well  defended  againft  the 
cold,  that  this  feafon  is  neither  un- 
healthy nor  unpleafant.  The  fpring 
opens  fuddenly,  and  vegetation  is  fur- 
prifingly  rapid.  The  furamer  is  de- 
lightful, exetpt  that  a  part  of  it  is  ex- 
tremely hot.  Though  the  climate  be 
cold,  and  the  winter  long  and  tedious, 
the  foil  is  in  general  very  good,  and  in 
many  parts  both  pleaCint  and  fertile, 
producing  wheat,  barley,    rye,   with 

nuiiv* 


115 

'•   '1 


li 


i 


! 


CAN 


CAW 


i.-'!' 


'Mi 


m 


many  other  forti  of  grain,  fruits  and 
vegetables  ;  tobacco,  in  pirticular, 
thrives  wdi,  and  is  much  cultivated. 
The  ille  of  Orleans,  near  Qucbtc,  and 
the  lands  upon  the  river  St.  Lnwrencc, 
and  other  nvers,  arc  remarkable  for  the 
richnefs  of  the  foil.  The  meadow 
grounds  in  Canada,  which  .ire  well  wa- 
tered, yield  excellent  i;raf»,  and  feed 
great  numbers  of  ijrcat  and  fmall  cattle. 
From  QMcbec,  the  capital,  to  Mont- 
real, which  is  about  170  miles,  in  fail- 
ing up  the  river  St,  Lawrence,  the  eye 
is  enttitained  with  beautiful  landfcapes, 
the  banks  being  in  many  places  very 
bold  and  ftccp,  and  (haded  with  lofty 
trees.  The  farms  lie  pretty  dofe  all 
way,  fcveral  gentlemen^s  houfes. 


th 


neatly  built,  Ihcw  thcmfelves  at  inter- 
vals, and  there  is  all  the  appearance  of 
a  fluurilhing  colony  ;  but  there  are 
few  towns  or  villages.  Many  beauti- 
ful iflands  are  intenperfcd  in  the  chan- 
nel of  the  river,  which  have  an  agreea- 
ble efleft  upon  the  eye. 

By  the  Quebec  aft,  pafled  by  the 
parliament  of  Great  Britain  in  the  year 
1 791,  it  is  enafted,  that  there  Ihall  be 
within  each  ot  the  provinces  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada,  a  legiflative  coun- 
cil, and  an  afftmbly,  who,  with  the 
confent  of  the  governor,  appointed  by 
tiie  king,  ihall  have  power  to  make 
laws.  The  legiflative  council  is  to  con- 
fift  of  not  fewer  than  fcven  members 
for  Upper,  and  fifteen  for  Lower  Can- 
ada }  to  be  fummontd  by  the  govern- 
or, who  muft  be  authorized  by  the 
king.  Such  members  are  to  hold  their 
feats  for  life  ;  unlefs  forfeited  by  four 
years  continual  abfcncc,  or  by  Swear- 
ing allegiance  to  fome  foreign  power. 
The  houfe  of  aflembly  is  to  confift  of 
not  lefs  than  fixteen  members  from  Up- 
per, and  not  lefs  than  fifty  from  Lower 
Canada  ;  chofcn  by  the  freeholders  in 
the  feveral  towns  and  diftri<5ts.  The 
council  and  aflembly  are  to  be  called 
together  at  leaft  once  in  every  year, 
and  every  aflembly  is  to  continue  four 
years,  unlefs  fooner  diffolved  by  the 
governor. 

Britifli  America  is  fuperintendcd  by 
an  officer,  ftyled  Governor  General  of 
the  four  Britith  provinces  in  N.  Ame 
yica,  who,  befides  other  powers,  is  com- 
mander in  chief  of  all  the  Britifli  troops 
in  the  four  provinces  and  the  govern- 
ments attached  to  them,  and  New- 


foundland. Each  of  the  prov'nrc»tin 
a  lieutenant  governor,  who,  in  the  ah. 
fence  of  the  governor  general,  has  all 
the  powers  reqrifitc  to  a  chief  magif. 
trate. 

Upper  Canada,  though  an  infant  fc*. 
tlerhent,  is  faid,  by  fome,  to  contain 
40,000,  by  others,  only  20,000  Britidi 
and  French  inhabitants,  exclufivc  of 
10,000  loyalifts,  fettled  in  the  upper 
parts  of  the  province.  Lower  Cinaiii, 
m  1784,  contained  113,012.  Both  pro. 
vinces  may  now  contain  about  150,000 
fouls,which  number  is  multiplying  both 
by  natural  incrcafc  and  by  immigrations. 

As  many  as  about  nine  tenths  of  the 
inhabitants  of  thefe  provinces  are  Ro. 
man  Catholics,  who  en;oy,  under  the 
prefent  government,  the  fame  provi- 
fion,  rights,  and  privileges,  as  wtu 
granted  them  in  i774t  by  the  adt  of 
the  i4lh  of  George  IIL  The  reft  of 
the  people  are  Epifcopalians,  Prefby- 
terians,  and  a  few  of  almoft  all  the  dif- 
ferent feds  of  Chriftians. 

The  amount  of  the  exports  from 
the  province  of  Qiiebec,  in  the  year 
1786,  was  ;^. 343,264  :  19  :  6.  Ti;e 
amount  of  imports  in  the  fame  year  was 
£.:,2SjIi6.  The  exports  confifted  of 
Avheat,  flour,  bifcuit,  flaxfeed,  lumbtr 
ol"  various  kinds,  fifli,  potafli,  oil,  gin- 
feng  and  (jther  medicinal  roots,  but 
principally  of  furs  and  peltries,  to  tl;t 
amount  of  £>iiSy97T'  The  imports 
confifted  of  rum,  brandy,  molalTes,  cof- 
fee, fugar,  wines,  tobacco,  fait,  choco- 
late, provifions  for  the  troops,  and  dr; 
goods. 

This  country  was  difc  Tcd  by  the 
Englifli  as  early  as  aboui  .497  ;  and 
fettled  by  the  French  in  1608,  who 
kept  poffirfiion  of  it  till  1760,  when  it 
was  taken  by  the  Britifli  arms,  and,  at 
the  treaty  of  Paris,  in  1763,  was  ceded 
b)-  France  to  the  crown  of  England,  to 
whom  it  has  ever  fince  belonged. 

One  of  the  moft  remarkable  acci- 
dents which  hiftory  records  of  thii 
country,  rs  the  earthquake  in  the  year 
i66j,  which  overwhelmed  a  chain  of 
mountains  of  freeftone  more  than  3W 
miles  long,  and  changed  the  immenff  ^ 
tradt  into  a  plain.  See  Britl/h  AtK-''^ 
rica,  and  Britain,  New,  for  further  ;** 
particulars  concerning  this  country. 

Canada,  a  bay  on  the  E    fide  ofp 
Newfoundland  L  between  White  and  ^ 
Hare  bays,  which  laft  lies  N.  of  it. 

Canada  I 


CAN 


CAN 


lo,  in  the  ah. 
neral,  has  all 
chief  magif. 

an  infant  fct. 

le,  to  contain 

zc,ooo  Britilh 

cxclufive  of 

in  the  upper 

owerC.iiiai!,!, 

2.    Both  pro- 

about  150,000 

Liltiptying  both 

immigrations. 

e  tenths  of  the 

V'nces  are  Ro- 

oy,  under  tl'j 

fame  provi 

eges,  as  were 

by  the  aift  of 

,    The  reft  of 

alians,  Prefby- 

noft  all  the  dif. 

:  exports  from 

c,  in  the  year 

19  :  6.      The 

e  fame  year  was 

Its  confifted  of 

axfeed,  lurnbtr 

potafh,  oil,  gin- 

:inal  roots,  but 

I  peltries,  to  the 
.  The  import! 
y,  molalles,  cof- 
ceo,  fait,  choco- 
troops,  and  dr/ 

ifc    "red  by  the 

>oul  -497  ;  anfl 

in    1608,  who 

II  1760,  when  it 
[h  arms,  and,  .it 
'76,^,  was  celled 
a  of  England,  to 
:  belonged, 
emarkable  acci- 
records  of  this 
lake  in  the  year 
mcd  a  chain  0' 
:  more  than  30? 
ed  the  immenft 
ce  Briti/h  Am- 
;■«;,  for  further 
this  country. 

the  E   ficlc  of 

veen  White  andj 

iic6  N.  of  it. 

Canada  I 


Canada  Cr*eks.    TVxn  are  thr«c 
ctks  which  bear  this  name  ;  one  a 
atcr  of  Wood  creek,  which  it  meets 
or  ?  m.Ls  N.  N.  W.  of  Fort  Stanwix 
ir  r^tw  Port  Schuyler.      The  otiier 
:wo  are  northern  branches  of  Mohawk 
,.  \  the  upper  one  mingles  iti  waters 
ith  the  Mohawk  in  the  townfliip  of 
erkemer,  on  the  Gtrman  flats,   16 
i  Ci  below  Old  Fort  Schuyler  ;  over 
ic  mouth  of  it  is  a  lightly  and  ingcni- 
' '  y  coiiftruiiled  bridge.    The  other 
piits  into  the  Mohawk  ij  miles  be- 
.   Both  thefc  are  long,  rapid  and  un> 
jg.ible  ftrtams,  and  bring  a  confidtr- 
Jt  actelTion  of  water  to  the  Muhawk. 
'he  knds  on  thefe  creeks  arc  exceeding- 
rich  and  valuable,  and  fad  fettling. 
Can  iNDAQjJA,  a  poft  town,  lake, 
id  crtek,  ia  Ontario  co.  New- York. 
is  the  fliire  town  of  the  co.  (ituated 
the  N.  end  of  the  lake  of  the  fame 
me,  at  its  outlet  into  Canandacjua 
eek.     The  lake  is  about  20  miles 
ng  and  3  broad,  and  fends  its  waters 
a  N.  eaftward  and  eaftward  cburfe 
^  miles  to  Seneca  R.    This  is  the  fcite 
qf.  an  ancient  Indian  town  of  the  fame 
me,  and  ftands  on  the  road  fiom  Ai- 
ry to  Niagara,   22  miles  E.  from 
artford  in  GencfTee  R. ;  x  6  miles  W. 
"  Geneva,  and  23^  miles  N.  W.  from 
ew- York  city,  meafuring  in  a  ftraight 
le,  and  mo  by  Albany  road.    This 
tlcment   ^as  begun  by  melTrs.  Gor- 
m  and  Ph«lps,  and  is  now  in  a 
jjlouriihing  itate.    There  are  about  30 
40  houfes,    fituated  on  a  pleafant 
lOpe  from  the  lake ;  and  tlie  adjoining 
ms  are  under  good  cultivation      By 
,c  ftate   cenfus  of  1796,    it  ap,     ;rs 
ere  are  291  electors  in  this  townii      . 
Canada  i>AGA,  or  Seneca  Lake, 
ndfome  piece  of  water  from  35  to  40 
iles  long,  and  about  2  miles  broad, 
New-York.    At  the  N.  W.  comer 
f  the  Lake  Hands  the  town  of  Gv  .cva, 
>d  on  the  E.  fide  between  it  anu  Cay- 
ga,  are  the  towns  of  RomuluF,  Ovid, 
.e^or  and  Uiyfies,  in  Onondago  co. 
ew-York.    Its  outlet  is  Scayace  K, 
hicb  alfo  receives  the  waters  of  Cay- 
~:aLa.-e  9  miles  N.  £.  from  the  mouth 
Canada  Saga,  z8  miles  below  Gene- 
va, on  the  lame  fi^J.  of  f.he  lake  ftands 
he  Friend's  fett!  omcr.t,   founded  by 
'emima  WUkinfoi  ;  thcve  are  80  fam- 
les  in  it,  each  hab  -.fine  furmidodace 
uiet,  induftrious  p<,opk,    #h.cf^Hji;K 


Canajoharv,  a  poft  to-rn  in  Mont- 
gomtry  co.  New- York,  fiiuatcd  on  the 
S.  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  comprehending 
a  very  large  diftrid  of  fine  country,  40 
miles  W.  of  SchencAtdy,  an^l  56  miles 
from  Albany.  In  the  ftate  ctufus  of 
1796,  7.<o  01  the  inhalMtants  appear  to 
be  cfeQors,  A  creek  named  Canajo- 
hary  enters  the  Mohawk  in  this  town. 
In  this  townfliip,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Mohawk,  about  50  miles  from  Sche> 
nei^ady,  is  Indian  Cujlltt  fo  called,  tiic 
feat  of  old  kin^;H::ndrick,  who  was  kill* 
edin  Sept.  1755,  at  Lal^e  George,  £i|ht« 
ing  for  the  Brtifli  and  AmeiicaiiB 
againft  the  French.  Here  are  now  the 
remains  of  a  Britilh  fort,  built  durii  g 
that  war,  about  60  paces  fquare.  A 
gold  coin  of  the  value  of  about  7  dol- 
lar* was  found  in  thefe  ruins  in  170% 
About  a  mile  and  half  W.  of  this  f5,)rt 
ftands  a  ciiurch,  which  is  called  Brandt'g 
church,  which  the  noted  chief  of  that 
name  is  laid  to  have  left  with  great  re- 
lu(flance.  This  was  the  principal  feat 
of  the  Mohawk  nation  of  Indians,  and 
abounds  with  apple  trees  of  their  plant* 
ing,  from  which  is  made  cider  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality. 

CANANSA,a  fmall  oblcng  ifland  ia 
the  captainihip  of  Brazil,  S.  America, 
belonging  to  the  Portuguefe,  oppofite 
the  mouth  of  Ararapiza  R. ;  on  the  S. 
fide  of  which  ftands  the  town  of  Cana- 
nea  to  guard  the  entrance  of  the  bay, 
Thib  ifland  lies  alTr6ut  37  leagues  (roin 
St.  Vmcent.  S.  lat.  25.  10.  W.  long. 
47-  !«• 

Canar  Atam,  or  Great  Canar,  a  viS 
lage  dependent  on  the  city  of  Cuenca* 
under  the  jurifdidiion  of  the  province 
of  Qu  .0,  in  Peru.  It  is  remarkable 
for  tiic  nches  contained  in  the  adjacent 
mountains. 

Cajas,  or  Tint/tf  a  jurifdlAion  1*9 
Peru,  S.  America,  fubjeft  to  the  t»fhop 
of  Cufco,  18  leagues  from  that  city. 
The  Cordillera  divides  it  into  two 
parts,  Canas,  and  Ca  ches ;  the  former 
abounding  in  corn  anc-  fruits,  the  latter 
in  cattle.  In  the  meadows  .ire  fed  no 
lefs  than  30,00c  mules,  broujjnt  hither 
from  Tucuma  to  pafture  ;  and  a  great 
lair  is  held  here  for  thefe  creatures,  la 
Canas  is  the  famous  fiivcr  mine  called 
Contlonoma. 

Canasebaga  Creek  runs  N.  weft- 
ward  into  Genelfee  R.  at  WilUaui^ 
burgh  iQ  N.  York  ftate.  ,. 

Canawisque, 


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'*eANAWIS(^rE»  a  W.  branch  of  Ti- 
oga R.  rifes  in  Pennfylvania.  . 
Canches.    See  Canas. 

Candia,  a  tow^fhip  in  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hamplfri^e,  N.  of  Chefter, 
about  26  miles  weftwardof  Portfmouth. 
The  foil  is  but  indifferent.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  f  767,  and  contains  1040 
inhabitants. 

CANQLEMAs5/&o<at/i|  are  about  two 
jdegrees  of  latitude  due  north  of  Port 
Praflin,  difcovered,  named;  and  pafled, 
by  Mendana,  in  1569.  1 

CAMEtTE,  a  city  in  Peru,  S.  Ame- 
rica, and  capital  of  the  jurifdiftion  of 
its  name,  which  produciqs  vaft  quanti- 
ties of  wheat,  maize,  and  fugar  canes. 
It  is  fubjeA  to  the  archbilhop  of  Lima, 
and  is  6  leagues  from  that  city.  S.  lat. 
13^  14.  W.  long.  jj.  38. 

Caniads.RAgo','  a  lake  in  Otfego 
CO.  New- York,  nelarly  as  large  as  Otfc- 
go  lake,  and  6  mil^  W.  of  it.  A  ftream 
called  Oaks  Greek  iffues  from  it,  and 
falls  into  Sufquehanna  R.  about  5  miles 
below  Otfego.  The  beft  cheefe  in  the 
ftate  is  faid  to  be  made  on  thiscreek. 

CANiCOtfEO  Creek,  a  S-  W.  hgad 
■water  of  Tioga  R.  in  New- York,  which 
interlocks  with  the  head  waters  of  Ge- 
neffee  R.  and  joins  Conefteo  creek  26 
miles  W.  N.  W.  fropn  the  Painted 
Poft.  ■  ■  •■''-■.-i-"=^-  );  V  ^y^^r  ■■ 

CannareS,  Indians  of  the  prdvirtcc 
of  Quito,  in  Peru.  They  are  very  well 
made,  and  very  aftive  ;  they  wear  their 
hair  long,  which  they  weave  ind  bind 
about  their  heads,  in  form  of  a  crown, 
'their  clothes  are  made  of  wool  or  cot- 
ton, arid  they  wear  fine  fafhionedBobts. 
Their  women  are' handfome,  and  fond 
of  the  Spaniards  ;■  they  generally'  till 
and  manure  the  ground,  whilft  their 
huibands  ^t  home,  card,  fpin,  and 
weave  wool  and  cotton.  Their  toon- 
try  had  many  rich  ^dd  mines,  now 
drained  by  the  Spaniards.  The  land 
bears^ood  wheat  and  barley,  and  has 
fine  vineyards.  The  magnificent  pal- 
ice  of  Thetntahamhd  was  )n  the  coun- 
try of  the  Gannares. 

Gannaveral,  Gape,  the  extreme 
Jwint  of  rocks  on  the  E.  fide  of  the  pe- 
iunlula  of  £.  Florida.  It  has  Mofqui- 
tos  Inlet  N.  by  W.  and  a  large  flioal  S. 
by  E.  This  was  the  bounds  of  Caroli- 
na by  charter  from  Charles  II.  N,  lat. 
>8.  35.W.long.  gi.  9. 
, '  Cajh  ha y a  h,  a  village  on  the  N.  Mt 


CAN 

of  Washington  I.  j  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
or  N.  America. 

Cannesis,  a  town  of  Louifiana,  oh 
the  N.  bank  of  Red  R.  a  branch  of  the 
Miflifippi. 

Canoe  Ridge,  a  rugged  mountain 
about  200  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
forming  the  £.  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle 
Valley. 

Canonnicut  IJlandy  in  Newport 
CO.  Rhode-Illand,  lies  about  3  miles  W. 
of  Newport,  the  S.  end  of  which,  (call- 
ed Beaver  Tail,  on  which  ftands  the 
light-houfe)  extends  about  as  far  S.  as 
the  S.  end  of  Rhode  I.  It  extends  N. 
about  7  miles,  its  average  breadth  be- 
ing about  one  mile ;  the  iS.fhore  form- 
ing the  W.  part  of  Newport-harbor, 
and  the  W.  fhore  being  about  3  miles 
from  the  Narraganfet  fliore.  On  this 
point  is  Jameftown,  .  It  was  purchaf- 
cdofthe  Indians  in  1657,  end  m  16718, 
was  incorporated'by  the  name  pf  Jajrtef- 
town.  The  ibil  is  luxuriant,  produc- 
ing grain  and  grafs  in  abundance.—' 
Jameftown  coi^tains  507  inhabitants, 
including  j6  flaves. 

Ganonsburg,  atown  in  Wafliing-* 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  ^.'  branch  of  Ch^rtiers  Creek, 
which  runs  N.  by  E.  intOi^Ohto  R.  about 
5  miles  below  Pittlbuvg.  In  its  envi- 
rons are  feveral  valuable  mills.  Here 
are  about  56  houfes  and  an  academy ;' 
•i  miles  N.  E.  by  E.  of  Wafl^jngton,  and 
15  S.W.ofPittfburg. 

Canso,  or  Ca»f<fau.  an  i{lan(%  cape 
and  fmall  fifliing  banron  the  S.  E.  cbaft 
of  Nova-Scotia,  about  40  leagues  E.  by 
N.  of  Halifex  ;  N.  lat:  45. '  »o.  The 
ifle  is  fmall,  near'  the  continent ;  N.  E. 
from  Cape  'Crinfo,  which  is  the  8.  ealt- 
em-moft  land  of  Nqva-Scotii.  Canfo 
has  a  good  harbor  3  leagues  deep.  Here 
are  two  bays  6i  fafc  anchoragei'  Near 
Ihefe  on  the.  continent  is  ?.'  river  called 
Salmon  R.  on  account  of  the  great 
quantity  of  falmort'  taken  ^nd  cured 
there.  •  It  is  bclievea  tp'be  the  beft  fifti  - 
ery  in  the  world  of  that  fdrt.'^Lime- 
ftbne  and  plaifter  qf  Paris  are  found  on 
the  Gut  of  Canfo.  This  gut  'or  chan- 
nel is  very  narrowj  and  fornis  the  paf- 
fage  frdtii  the  Atlantic  into  the  feulf  of 
St.  liawrence,  between  Captf  'Breton 
ifland  and  Nova-Scotia. 

Can  so,  a  tbwnihip  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  above  naip<:d  plgce,  in 
Halifax  county. , -■■4  »^>''    ■'■'       • 

^ANTAj 


CAP 

"tANTA,  ?  town  and  jurifdlAion  un- 
der the  archbiftiop  of  Lima,  in  Peru. 
It  is  celebrated  for  excellent  papas, 
which  meet  with  a  good  market  at  Li- 
ma, 5  leagues  diftant  S.  S.  W.  Here, 
are  innumerable  flocks  of  (heep,  the 
paftures  being  very  rich  and  ejttcnftve. 
S.  lat.  IX.  4«.  W.  long.  75.  43. 

Canterbury,  -^  townihip  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  ]ffew-Hampfhire,  fituated 
on  the  eaftern  bank  of  Merrimack- R. ; 
14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Conco.-d,  45^  N«- 
W.  of  Exeter,  and  48  ftom  Por.lfnomh. 
It  contains  1038  inhabitants. 

Canterbury,  a  townfliip  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Conne(fticut,  on  the  W.  fide 
of  Quinnabaug  R.  which  feparates.  it 
from  Plainfield.  It  is  7  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Windham,  and  about  10  -  or  1  *  N. 
of  Norwich. 

Canton,  a  new  townfliip  in  Nor- 
folk-co.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in 
1797,  it  being  formerly  the  northo-iy 
part  of  Stoughton. 

Cany  Fork,  intheftateofTenneflee, 
is  a  fiiort  navigable  river,  and  runs  N. 
W.  into  Cumberland  R.  W.  of  the 
Salt  Lick,  and  o^>ofite  Salt  Lick  Creek, 
50  miles  in  a  ftraight  line  fi'om  Nalh- 
ville. 

Capalita,  a  large  town  of  Nprth- 
Anrierica,  and  in  the  province  of  Guax- 
aca.  The  country  round  abounds  with 
iheep,  cattle,  and  excellent  fruit. 

Cape  St.  Andrews,  pn  the  coaft 
of  Paraguay,  or  La  Plata,  S.  Anierica. 
S.  lat.  38. 50.  W.  long.  59.  46. 

Cape  St.  Antonio,  ot  Anthonio, 
i«  the  point  of  land  on  the  fuuthern 
fide  ot  La  Plata  R.  in  S.  America, 
which,  with  Cape  St.  Mary  pn  the 
northward,  forms  the  mouUi  of  that 
river.  S.  lat.  36.  3a.  W.  long. -,5  6.  34. 
Cape  St.  Augustine,  oh  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  S.  America^  lie&  fouthward 
of  Pemambuco.  S.  lat.  10.  15.  W. 
long.  35. 13. 

Cape  Blow-me-down,  which  is 
the  fouthern  fide  of  the  entrance  from 
the  bay  of  Fundy  into  the  Bafin  of  Mi- 
nas,  is  the  eaftemmoft  termination  of  a 
range  of  mountains,  extending  about 
I80  or  90  miles  to  the  gut  of  Annapolis ; 
bounded  N.  by  the  (hores  of  the  bay 
of  Fund)r,  and  S.  by. the  fliores  of  An- 
napolis river.      I. 

Caps  Cod,  aboiently  called  Malle- 
I^arpe,  by  the  French,  is  the  8.  eaftward 
jpoint  ot-tbe  bay  of  MalTacbufettB,  op- 


C  A  1» 

pofite  Cape  Ann.  N.  lat.  41. 4.  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich,  70.  14.  Se* 
Barnjlable  Co.  and  Province-Toiun. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  .a  head-land  and 
townlhip  in  Cumberland  co.  diftridt  of 
Maine.  The  cape  lies  in  N.lat.  43, 33. 
E.  by  S.  from -the  centre  of  the  town  9 
miles  ;  about  ao  S.  wefterly  of  Cape 
Small  Point,  and  Ja  N.  E.  from  the 
mouth  of  Saco  R.  The  town  has 
Portland  on  the  N.  E.  and  Scarbo- 
,rough  S.  W.  and  conuins  1355  inhabi- 
tants. It  was  incorporated, in  176^* 
and  lies  ia6  miles  N.  E.  of.  Bofton. 

Cape  Fear,  is  the  fouthern  point  of 
Smith's  I.  which  forms  the  mouth  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  into  two  channels,  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Carolina  ;  S.  W.  of  Cape 
Look-Out,  and  remarkable  for  a  dan- 
gerous Ihoal  called  the  Frying  Pan, 
from  its  form.  Near  this  cape  xs  John- 
fon's  Fort,  in  Brunfwick  co.  and  diftrift 
of  Wilmington.  N.  lat.  33.  3a.  W, 
long.  78.  a5. 

Cape  Fear  R.  more  properly  Clar- 
endon, affords  the  beft  navigation  in 
N.  Carolina.    It  opens  to  the  Atlantic 
ocean  by  two  channels.    The  S.  weft- 
em  and  largeft  channel  between  the  % 
W.end  of  Smith's  L  at  Bald  Head, 
where  the  light-houfc  ftarids,  and  the 
E.  end  of  Oakes  L    S.W.  from  Fort 
Johnfton,    The  new  inlet  is  between 
the  fea-coaft  and  the   N.  E.  end  of 
Smith's  I.    It  will  admit  vefTels  draw- 
ing ip  or  II  feet,  and  is  about  3  miles 
wide  at  its  entranccj  haying  .18  feet 
water  at  full  tides  over  the  bar.     )X 
continues  its  breadth  to  the  flats,  and 
is  navigable  for  large  yeffels  ai  miles 
from  its  mouth,  land  14  from  Wil- 
mington; to  which  townTcflels  draw- 
'ing  10  or  la  feetcan  reach  without  any 
rift.      As  you  afccnd  this, river  you 
leave  Brunfwick  on  the  l<;ft,'  and  Wil- 
mington on  the  ri^bt.    A  little  above 
Wilmington,  the  river  divides  into  N. 
£.  and  N.  W.  branches.    The  former 
is  broader  than  the  latter,  but  is  heithn 
fo  deep  nor  fo  long.     The  N.  W. 
branch  rifes  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
Virginia  line,  and  is  formed  by  the 
junftion  of    Haw  and  Deep    rivers. 
Its  general  courfe  is  S.eafterly.    Sea 
velTels  can  go  ^s  miles  above  Wilming- 
ton, and  large  boats  90  miles,  Ao  Fay- 
ettcville.    The  N.  E.  branch  Joins  the 
N.  W.  branch  a  little  above  Wilming- 
ton, and  is  navigable  by  fea  vefl^ls  ao 

nwlc* 


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*  it' 


I 


..■i  ,1 


If 


CAR 


CAR 


1,1 1;  1 


miles  above  that  town,  and  by  large 
boats  to  South  Wafliington,  40  m^es 
further,  and  by  rafts  to  Sareiflo,  which 
ia  ne.'U'Iy  70  miles.  The  whole  length 
of  Cape  Fear  river  is  about  300  miles. 

Cap  It  May,  is  the  S.  weftemmoft 
point  of  the  ftate  of  Ncw-Jerfey,  and 
of  the  county  to  which  it  gives  name. 
N.  lat.  39.  W.  long.  75.  3.  It  lies  20 
.niles  N.  £.  from  Cape  Henlopen,  which 
forms  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  mouth  of 
Delaware  bay,  as  Cape  May  does  the 
K.  E. 

CaP£  Mav  Ca.  fpreads  northward, 
around  the  cape  of  its  name,  is  a 
bealthy,  landy  txa<S  of  country,  of  fuf- 
ficient  fertility  to  give  fupport  to  3571 
induftrioua  and  peaceable  inhabitants. 
The  county  is  divided  into  Upper, 
Middle,  and  Lower  precin<fts. 

CAPeRivACA,  a  large  river  in  Guia- 
na, S.  America. 

CAP1AP0^  a  harbor  in  Chill,  S.Ame- 
rica. 

Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America,  lying  on  the  fouthern 
coaft  of  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Ti'iis  coad 
is  bord<.ied  in  its  greateft  length  by  a 
chain  of  mountains,  running  £.  and 
W.  and  divided  "nto  many  fruitful  val- 
lies,  whofe  diredlion  and  opening  are 
towards  the  N.  It  has  maritime  rarti* 
fjed  towns,  Puerto  Cabelo,  and  La 
Guayra.  The  Dutch  carry  thither  to 
the  Spaniards  all  forts  of  European 
goods,  e^ecially  linen,  making  van  re- 
turns of  Giver  and  cocoa.  The  cocoa 
tree  grows  here  in  abundance.  There 
are  from  500  to  3000  trees  in  a  walk, 
pr  plantation.  Thefe  nuts  are  pafled 
for  money,  and  are  ufed  as  fuch  in  the 
bay  of  Campeachy.  N.  lat.  10.  la.  \V, 
long.  67.  10.    St^  St.  John  dt  Leon, 

Caramanta,  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America,  lying  on  the  river 
Cauca,  bounded  N.  oy  the  dif^.riA  of 
Carthagcna  ;  E.  by  New-Granada ; 
;ind  S.  and  W.  by  Popayan,  in  the 
audience  of  Panama.  It  is  a  valley, 
forrounded  by  high  mountains:  and 
there  arc  waters  from  which  the  na- 
tives extraft  very  good  fait.  The 
capital  of  the  fame  name  lies  in  N.  lat. 
5.  J  8.  W.  long.  75.  li. 

CarAngas,  a  province  and  jurif- 
di^ion  under  the  bifhop  of  Plata,  and 
7d  leagues  W.  of  that  city,  in  Peru, 
very  barren  in  com  and  grain,  &c.  but 
^boundios  ia  calitle.    H^e  are .  a  great 


number  of  filver  mines  conftantly  wot1c< 
ed,  among  which  that  called  Turrn, 
and  by  the  miners  Macbacado,  is  very 
remarkable.  The  fibres  of  the  filvcr 
forming  an  admirable  intermixture  with 
the  ftone ;  fuch  mines  ar;  generally  the 
richeft.  Thei-e  are  otlicr  mafles  of  fil- 
ver  in  this  province  equally  remarka- 
ble, being  found  in  the  barren  fandy 
defarts,  where  they  find,  by  digging 
only,  detached  lumps  of  filver,  unmix- 
ed with  any  ore  or  ftone.  Thefe  lumps 
are  called /a/M,  becaule  taken  out  of 
the  ground  as  that  root  is,  and  have 
the  appearance  of  melted  filver }  which 
proves  that  they  are  thus  formed  by 
fufion.  Some  of  thefe  papas  have 
weighed  from  50  to  150  marks^  being 
a  Paris  foot  in  length. 

Caravaga,  a  riv6r  in  Peru,  S.  Ame- 
rica, famed  for  its  golden  lands. 

Cardigan,  about. ao  miles  £.  of 
Dartmouth  College,  New-Hamp(hire, 
The  townfliip  of  Orange  onct  bore  this 
name,  which  lee. 

Cari  Aco,  a  large  gulf  in  the  province 
of  Coraana,  Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 
On  the  northern  fide  at  its  mouth  is 
Port  St.  Yagu,  in  N.  lat  jto*  7.  W.  long. 
63.  .^o.  and  on  the  fouthern  fide  Cape 
Bordones. 

Cariacou,  is  the  chief  of  the  fmall 
ifles  dependent  on  Grenada  I.  in  the 
W.  Indies;  fituated  4  leagues  from 
Ifle  Rhonde,  which  i«  a  like  diftance 
from  the  N.  end  of  Grenada.  It  con- 
tains 69  T  J  acres  of  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated land,  producing  about  a  mil- 
lion lbs.  of  cotton,  befides  corn,  yams, 
potatoes  aqd  plantains  for  the  negroes. 
It  has  two  fugar  plantations,  and  a 
town  called  ^^iii/borougb» 

Caribbana,  now  called  PartOf  or 
N^iu  Andalufittt  which  fee. 

Caribbes  yianisy  in  ^e  Weft-In> 
dies,  extend  in  a  femicircular  form  from 
the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  the  eafternnioft 
of  the  Antilles,  to  the  coaft  of  S,  Ame- 
rica* The  fea  thus  indofed,  by  the 
main  land  and  the  ifles,  is  called  the 
Caribbean  Sea  {  and  its  great  channel 
leads  N.  wefiward  to  the  head  of  the 
gulf  of  Mexico^  through  the  Sea  of 
Honduras.  The  chief  of  thefe  iflands 
are  Santa  Cruz,  Sombuca,  Anguilla, 
Sh  Martin,  St.  Bartholomew,  Barbuda, 
Saba,  St.  Eufiatia,  St.  Chriftopher,  Ne- 
vis, Antigua,  Montftrat,  Guadaloupc, 
DefeaiUf  MariagalantetDomioieo,  Mar* 

tinico, 


1 


"Hi 


ftantly  work* 

illcd  Turrn, 
cadOt  is  Very 
of  the  filver 
mixture  with 
generally  the 

maiTcB  of  fil. 
Uy  remarka- 
ban^n  fandy 
by  digging 
liver,  unmix* 

Thefe  lumps 
taken  out  of 
ist  and  have 
Giver )  which 
8  formed  by 

papas  have 
voMrkSf  being 

'eru,  S.  Ame« 
lands. 

miles  £.  of 
e-Hamp(hire. 
nee  bore  this 

)  the  province 
S.  America, 
its  mouth  is 
>.  7«  W.long, 
:rn  fide  Cape 

Fofthe  fmall 
Ida  I,  in  the 
league*  from 
like  diuance 
ada.  It  con< 
and  well  cul- 
aboat  «  mil< 
B  corn,  yamiy 
r  the  negroes, 
tions,  and  a 


the  Weft-In- 
lar  form  from 
eeafternmoft 
*  of  S.  Ame- 
Dfed»  by  the 
is  called  the 
;reat  channel 
!  head  of  the 
i  the  Sea  of 
thefe  iflands 
:a,  AnguUla, 
:w,  Barbndat 
iftopher,  Nc- 
Quadaloupe, 
mioiCOyMar* 
tinicoi 


m 


CAR 

<fnico,  St.  Vincent,  Barbadoes,  and 
Grenada.  Thefe  are  again  claffed  into 
Windward  and  Leeward  ifles  by  fea- 
in<?n,  with  regard  to  the  ufual  courfes 
6f  (hips,  from  Old  Spain  or  to  the  Ca- 
naries, to  Cartlrteena  or  New-Spain  and 
Porto  Bello.  The  geographical  tables 
and  maps  clafs  them  into  great  and  lit- 
tle Antilles;  and  authors  vary  much 
concerning  this  laft  diftindion.  See 
Antillei. 

The  Charaibes  or  Caribbees  were  the 
.  ancient  natives  of  the  Windward  iflands, 
ftkence  many  geographers  confine  the 
terra  to  thefe  ifles  only*  Moft  of  thefe 
were  anciently  poflefled  by  a  nation  of 
cannibals,  the  terror  of  the  mild  and  in- 
oflTenfiveinhabitantsof  Hifpaniola ;  who 
frequently  exprefTed  to  Columbus  their 
dread  of  thele  fierce  invaders.  Thus 
when  thefe  iflands  were  afterwards  dif- 
covered  by  that  great  man,  they  were 
denominated  Charibbean  Ifles.  The 
infular  Charaibes  are  fuppofed  to  be 
immediately  defcended  from  the  Ga- 
libis  Indians,  or  Charaibes  of  South- 
America. 

Caribou,  an  ifland  towards  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Superior,  in  N.  America, 
N.  W.  of  Crofs  Cape,  and  S.  wefteriy  , 
of  Montreal  Bay. 

Caripous,  a  nation  of  8.  America, 
inhabiting  a  country  to  the  N.  of  the 
river  Amazon  ;  who  are  at  perpetual 
war  with  the  Carribbees. 

Carlisle,  the  chief  town  of  Cum- 
berland co.Pennfylvania,on  the  poft  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Pittfburg  ;  is  125 
miles  W.  by  N.  from  the  former,  and 
178  E.from  the  latter,and  18S.  W.from 
Harrifl)urgh.  Its  fituation  is  pleafant 
and  healthy,  on  a  plain  near  the  fouth- 
cm  bank  of  Conedogwinet  creek,  a  wa- 
ter of  the  Sufquehanna.  The  to\vn 
eontains  about  400  houfes,  chiefly  of 
ftone  and  brick,  and  about  1500  inhab- 
itants. The  ftreets  interfedt  each  oth- 
er at  right  angles,  and  the  public  build- 
ings are  a  college,  court-houfe  and 
gaol,  and  4  edifices  for  public  worfliip. 
Of  thefe  the  Prefljyterians,  Germans, 
Epifcopalians,  and  Roman  Catholics, 
have  each  one.  Dickinfon  College, 
named  after  the  celebrated  John  Dick- 
infon, Efq.  author  of  feveral  valuable 
tra^s,  has  a  principal,  3  profeflbrs,  a 
philoTophical  apparatus,  and  a  library 
containing  near  3000  volumes.  Its  rev- 
enue arif«B  from  jC«4ooe  in  funded  ccr- 


C  A  R 

tificates,  and  10,000  acres  oflaiid.  t« 
i7Jt7  there  were  80  ftudents,  and  itf 
reputation  is  daily  increafing.  About 
40  years  ago  this  ipot  was  inhabited  hf 
Indians,  and  wild  bcafts. 

Carlisle,  a  bay  on  the  W.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Barbadoes,  in  the  Weft- 
Indiesy  fituated  between  James  and 
Charles  Forts,  on  which  ftands  Bridge- 
town, the  capital  of  the  ifland,  in  N. 
lat.  13. 9.  W.  long.  60. 3. 

Carlos,  a  fort  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
Tcn-a  Firma,  on  an  ifland  which  com- 
mands the  channel  between  the  gulf  of 
Venezuela,  and  that  of  Maracaybo  00 
the  S.  little  more  than  so  miles  N.  horn 
the  town  of  Maracaybo. 

Carlos,  or  Juan  Ponce.   See  Calost 

Carlos,  a  townofVeragua,irt  New- 
Spain,  45  miles  S.  W.  of  Santa  Fe.  It 
ftands  on  a  large  bay,  N.  lat.  7. 40.  W. 
long.  82. 10. 

Car  LOS  A,  a  town  in  the  interior 
part  of  Brazil,  in  the  15  th  degree  of  S* 
latitude,  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  St.  Fran- 
cis R.  and  N.  by  W.  from  Villa  Novs. 

Car  MEL,  a  townftiip  in  Dutchels  co. 
New-York.  Bv  the  ftate  ccnfus  of  1 796, 
Z3  7  of  its  inhabitants  were  eledors. 

Carmblo,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Albion,  S.  eaftward  of  Frandfo 
Bay.  N.  lat.  36.  55.  A  little  north- 
ward from  it  is  Sir  Francis  Drake's 
harbor,  where  that  navigator  lay  five 
weeks. 

Carnero,  a  cape  in  the  S.  Sea, near 
Santa  Maria,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 
Lat.  I.  i$,  8.  Long.  77.  ao.  W. 

CARNEsviLLi,  the  Chief  town  of 
Franklin  co.  Geot^a,  loo  miles  N.  W, 
of  Augufta.  It  contains  a  court-houfe, 
and  about  ao  dwelling-houfes. 

Carolina.  See  Nortb-XHaroIina, 
and  South-Carolina. 

Caroline  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  on  the 
S.  fide  of  Rappahannock  R.  whidi  fep- 
arates  it  from  King  George's  co.  It  is 
about  40  miles  fquare,  and  contains 
17,489  inhabitants,  including  10,294 
flaves. 

Carolive  Co.  on  the  eaftem  fliore 
in  Mainland,  borders  on  Delaware  ftate 
to  the  E.  and  contains  9506  inhabhaots, 
including  2057  flaves.  Its  chief  town 
Danton. 

Carora,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma, 
N.  America,  about  no  miles  N.  £. 
from  Gibraltar  on  Maracaybo  Lake. 

CAROUOEfPoiNT,  the  northemmoft 

extremity 


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CAR 

ixtremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
in  the  W.  Indies  ;  %$  miles  N.  from 
the  town  of  St.  Jago. 

Carr,  a  fmall  plantation  in  Lincoln 
£o.  diftnd  of  Maine. 

Carrantasca  Laooon,  is  a  large 
gulf  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  bay  of  Hon- 
fluras,  about  70  miles  N.  W.  of  Cape 
Gracios  a  Dios,  and  nearly  as  far  S.  £. 
from  Brewers  Lagoon^ 

Carter,  a  new  co.  in  the  ftate  of 
Tenneflee*  formed  of  a  part  of  the  co. 
of  Walhington. 

Carteret  Cape,    See  Roman. 

Carteret,  a  maritime  co.  of  New- 
ban  diftridt,  N.  Carolina,  on  Core  and 
Pamlico  Sounds.  It  contains  373a  in- 
babitants,  including  713  flaves.  Beau- 
fort is  the  chief  town. 

Cartersville,  a  town  in  Powna* 
tan  CO.  Virginia,  on  the  S.  fide  of 
James  R.  46  riiiles  above  Richmond. 
.  Carthagena,  a  bay,  harbor,  and 
towii,  arid  the  chief  fea-pbrt  in  Terra 
i^irma,  S.-  America*  The  city  of  Car- 
thagena is  large,  rich  and  ftrortgly  for- 
tified, and  tiie  chief  of  the  province  of 
the  fame  name,  with  a  bifhop's  fe^,  and 
one  of  the  beft  harbors  in  America. 
The  entrance  into  this  is  fo  narrow 
that  only  one  fhipcah  enfer  at  a  time  ; 
and  it  is  defended  by'  three  forts.  All 
the  revenues  of  the  king  of  Spain  from 
New-Grenada  and  Terra  Firma,  are 
brought  to  this  place.  Sir  Francis 
Drake  took  this  city,  and_  carried  olT 
immenfe  plunder  in  1585.  The  French 
plundered  it  in  1697  ^  but  admiral 
Vernon  in  1741,  though  he  had  takeu 
the  caftles,  was  obliged  to  abandon  the 
fiege,  forwant  of  (kill  in  the  command- 
ers of  the  land  forces,  and  the  fickneTs 
that  was  among  them,  not  t6  mention 
the  difference  between  the  admiral  and 
the  general.  The  ftreets  of  the  town 
are  ftraight,  broad  and  well  paved. 
The  houfes  are  built  of  ftone  or  brick, 
and  are  one  ftorjr  high.  Here  is  alfo  a 
court  of  inquifition.  N*.  lat.  lo.  27. 
VST.  long.  7 J.  32. 

Carthago,  formerly  a  confiderable 
town  of  New-Spain  in  N.  America,  in 
the  province  of  Cofta  Rica,  with  a  bifii- 
op's  fee^  and  the  feat  of  a  Spanifh  go- 
vernor ;  at  prefent  mean  and  inconfide- 
rable ;  and  is  360  miles  W.  of  Pana- 
ma.   N-  lat.  9.  5.  W.  long.  83. 

Carvel  OF  St.  Thomas,  a  rock 
between  tlie  Virgin  illes  E.  and  Porto 


e  AS 

Rico  on  the  W.  At  a  fmall  di(tancc 
it  appears  like  a  fail,  as  it  is  wrhite'  and 
has  two  points.  Between  it,  and  St.. 
Thomas,  paiTcs  Sir  Francis  Drake's 
channel. 

Carver,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth! 
CO.  Maflachufctts.  Here  is  a  pond 
with  fuch  plenty  of  iron  ore,  that  500 
tons  have  been  dragged  out  of  the 
clear  water  in  a,  year.  They  have  a 
furnace  upon  a  (treanfi  which  runs  from 
the  pond ;  and  the  iron  made  of  this 
ore  is  better  than  that  ntade  out  of  bog 
ore,  and  fome  is  almoft  as  good  as  re- 
fined iron. 

Carver'j  River ^  a  branch  of  St. 
Peter's  R.  which  empties  into  the 
MifTifippi.  See  5/.  Pierre  or  Peter's 
river. 

Casacores,  a  la&e  in  Paraguay  or 
La  Plata  in  S.  America,  about  100 
miles  long. 

Ca-^Co  Bay,  in  the  diftri«a  of  Maine, 
fpreadsN.W.  between  Cape  Elizabeth 
on  the  S.  W.  and  Cape  Small  Point  on 
the  N.  E.  W^ithin  thefe  points,  which 
are  about  40  miles  apart,  are  about 
300  fmall  iflands^  fome  of  wbich  arc 
inhabited,  and  nearly  all  more  or  lefs 
cultivated.  The  land  on  thefe  iflands, 
and  on  the  oppollte  coaft  on  the  main, 
is  the  beft  for  agriculture  of  any  on  the 
fea  eoaft  of  this  country.  Cafco  in- 
cludes feveral  bayp.  Maquoit  Bay  lies 
about  20"  miles  N.  of  Cape  Elizabeth, 
The  waters  of  Cafco  extend  feveral 
arins  or  creeks  of  fait  water  into  the 
country.'  The  waters  go  up  Meadows 
R.  where  velTels  of  a  confiderable  fize 
are  carried  by  the  tide,  and  where  it 
flows  within  one  mile  of  the  waters  of 
Kennebeck.  On  the  E.  fide  of  Cape 
Elizabeth  is  the  arm  of  the  fea  called 
Stroudtoater.  Farther  E,  is  Pre/um^cot 
R.  formerly  called  Prefumpca»  or  Pre- 
fumpkeag,  which  rifes  in  Sebago  Pond. 
This  river  opens  to  the  waters  of  Cafco 
Bay  on  the  E,  of  Portland  ;  its  extent 
is  not  great,  but  it  has  feveral  valuable 
mills  upon  it.  RayaPs  R.  called  by  the 
natives  Weftecuftego,  falls  into  the  bay 
6  miles  from  Prefumpfcot  R.  It  has 
a  good  harbor  ^t  its  moilkth  for  Itnall 
velfels ;  and  has  feveral  mills  upon  it ; 
2  miles  higher  a  fall  obftrudts  the  navi- 
gation. Between  it  and  Kennebeck 
there  are  no  rivers  ;  fome  creeks  and 
harbors  of  Cafco  Hay  throw  themfclves 
into  the  maxa  land*  affording  harbors 
V  far 


lall  di^an<;f 
8  white'  and 
it,  and  St. 
cis  Drake's 

Plyiriouthi 
is  a  poncl 
■>re,  that  500 
out  of  the 
hey  have  a 
rh  runs  from 
aade  of  this 
e  out  of  bog 
good  as  re- 

anch  of  St. 
into  the 
or  Peter's 

Paraguay  or 
y  about  100 

\&.  of  Maine, 
pe  Elizabeth 
nail  Point  on 
>bints,  which 
U  are  about 
f  wliich  arc 
more  or  lefs 
thefe  illands, 
on  the  main, 
of  any  on  the 
.    Cafco  in- 
juoit  Bay  lies 
)e  Elizabeth, 
itend  feveral 
Iter  into  the 
up  Meadows 
iderable  flze 
ind  where  it 
he  waters  of 
fide  of  Cape 
>e  fea  called 
>  Pre/umpfcot 
ipca,  or  Pre- 
ebago  Pond, 
ters  of  Cafco 
;  its  extent 
eral  valuable 
called  by  the 
into  the  bay 
:  R.    It  has 
th  for  fmall 
ills  upon  it ; 
ds  the  navi- 
Kenn£beck 
creeks  and 
V  themfclves 
iing  harbors 
for 


1^ 


CAT 

for  imSSi  velTels,  and  interfcAing  the 
country  in  various  forms. 

Caspean,  or  Beauti/ulf  a  fmaJl  lake 
in  Grcenfborough,  Vermont.  It  has 
Hazen  block^oufe  on  its  weljcm  fide. 
It  is  a  head  water  of  La  Moille  river. 

Castite  del  Oro.  See  Terra 
Finfta. 

CASTtNE,  the  ftlire  town  of  Hancock 
CO.  diftri(ft  of  Maine,  is  fituated  on  Pe- 
nobfcot  bay.  It  was  taken  from  the 
town  of  Pcnobfcot,  and  incorporated  in 
teb.  1796.  It  is  named  after  a  French 
ger.tlem-n  who  rcfided  here  130  years 
ago,  as  alfb 

Castii<e  Riveri  which  is  about  14 
miles  long)  is  navigable  for  6  miles,  and 
has  feversu  mills  at  the  head  of  it.  It 
empties  into  I*cnobfcot  bay. 

CASTLfitowN,  a  townfhip  in  Rich- 
mond CO.  Statcn  I.  New-York^  which 
contains  Zos  inhabitants,  indu<Ung  ti4 
{laves.  1x4  of  its  inhabitants  are  elec- 
tors. 

,  CASTtET(fw,  a  townfliip  and  river 
in  Rutland  to*  Vermont,  20  miles  S.  £. 
of  Mt.  Independence,  at  Ticonderoga. 
Lake  Bombazon  is  chiefly  in  this  town, 
and  fends  its  waters  into  Caftleton  R. 
which,  rifing  in  Pittsford,  pafles  through 
this  town  in  a  8.-  ^efteriy  courfe,  and 
falls  into  Pultnev  R.  in  the  town  of 
Fairhaven,  a  little  below  Col<  Lyon's 
iron  works.  Fort  Warner  ftands  in  this 
town;    Inhabitants  805. 

CAstOR'i  R.  in  Newfoundland  Ifl- 
^d,  empties  in  the  harbor  of  St.  John's; 
Its  fize  is  Confiderable  for  15  miles  from 
the  fea. 

Castro,  a  ftrong  totvn  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  Chili,  and  capital  of  theifland  of 
Chiloe.  It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in 
1643,  snd  is  180  miles  S.  of  Baldivia  } 
fubje<^  to  Spain. 

Castro  Virrevna,  or  Firegnaf  & 
town  and  jurirdi(5tion,  in  S.  America,  in 
Peru,  fubjedt  to  the  archbifiiop  of  Lima, 
remarkable  for  its  valuable  wool,  grain, 
JTuits,  filver  mines,  tobacco,  and  whole- 
fome  air.  The  town  is  125  miles  S.  £. 
ofLima.  S.lat.  I a^.^o.'W'. long.  74.45. 

Caswell  Ccin  Hilliborough  diftrid, 
K<  Carolina,  borders  on  Vifginia  N. 
It  contains  zo>096  inhabitants,  of  whom 
3,736  are  flavei.  Lcefburg  is  the  chief 
town. 

Cat  I/^ttftJ,  or  Guanabenti  one  of 
Bahama  iflands.  It  was  the  firft  land 
difcovered  by  Columbus,  to  which  he 


CAT 

gave  the  name  of  St.  Salvadore,  on  Oft. 
II,  1492.  It  lies  on  a  particular  bank 
tp  the  £.  of  the  Great  Bahama  Bank, 
from  which  it  is  parted  by  a  narrow 
channel,  called  Exiuna  Sound.  N.  lat^ 
34.  30.  W.  long.  74.  30. 

Catabaw  River.    See  Wateree. 

Catabaw  Indiaruy  a  finall  tribe  who 
have  one  town  called  Catabaw,  fituated 
on  the  river  of  that  name,  N.  lat.  .^4. 49. 
on  the  boundary  line  between  N.  and 
S.  Carol:^^>  and  contains  about  4jo  in-i 
habitants^  of  which  about  150  are  fight- 
ing men.  They  are  the  only  tribe  which, 
refides  in  the  ftate  :  144,000  acres  of 
land  were  grsiflted  them  by  the  propri- 
etary government.  Thefe  are  the  re- 
mains of  a  formidable  nation,  the  brav-  < 
eft  and  moft  generous  enemy  the  fix  na- 
tions had  ;  but  they  have  degenerated 
fince  they  have  been  furrounded  by  the 
whites. 

Cataraqjua,  CatarakuU  or  Caterof. 
quit  appear  in  old  maps,  thus  varied,  as 
the  name  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  its  out«. 
let  Iroqiiois  R. ;  but  thefe  names  are 
no\^  obfolete< 

CAtAWESsy,  a  townfhip  in  North- 
umberland co.  Pennfylvania,  fituated  on 
the  S.  £.  bank  of  the  £.  branch  of  Suf- 

Juehannah  R.  oppofite  the  mouth  of 
ifhing  Creek,  and  about  20  miles  N. 
£.  of  Sunbury. 

C^tHakce,  or  Cdtbantst  a  ihiall  rir: 
ver  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which  rifes  in, 
Topfbam,  and  empties  into  Merry 
Meeting  Bay,and  has  feveral  mUls  upon  it.; 

Catherine's  Isle,  St.  afmalliiland 
in  the  captainfhip  of  St.  Vincents,  int 
Brazil,  belonging  to  the  Pprtuguefe,  47. 
leagues  S.  of  Cananea  i.  It  is  about  o,i 
miles  from  N.  to  S.  inhabited  by  In- 
dians, who  afliil  the  Portiiguefe  againft 
their  enemies,  the  natives  of  Brazil.  S. 
lat.  i7. 10.  W.  long.  47.- 15. 

Alfo^  a  pleafant  ifland  On  the  harbor 
of  Sunbury,  in  the  ftate  of  Geot^ia. 

Alfo,  a  imall,  produdive  illand  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  St.  Domingo,  ao  league* 
eaft  ward  of  the  town  of  St.  Domingo. 

Catherine'^  7o<w«,  in  Ontario  col^ 
New-York,  lies  3  miles  S.  of  the  S,  end' 
of  Seneca  lake. 

Cato,  a  military  townftip  in  New- 
York  ftate,  12  miles  S.  £•  of  lake  Onta- 
rio, and  about'  ao  S.  of  Ofwego  Fort. 

Cattahunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
j  iflcs,  in  the  ftate  of  MafTachufetts.  See 
I  Buzzards  Bay. 

Gauca, 


■<s 


i'  '• 


'i'  ffii.wi 


•m 


|l»l 


i    'i?  i,i-,:ij   *.' 


m  • 


■J   bnrf::    >-:  ..-     .  .  J 

V'Gawca;  a  river  Jn  the  ifthmaa  of  fJtt- 
rten,  whoie  fource  is  in  comnvon  with 
that  of  La  Magdakna,  in  the  lake  Papos, 
near  the  Xth  de^ee  of  S.  latitude,  and 
which  fells  htto  this  loft  river. 
"'  Cavallo,  a  fej^port  town  in  the  prO' 
vine*  erf  VetieziMjla,.on  Terra  Firma,  or 
ifthmus  of  Darien,  i^' miles  N.  £.  of  St. 
Jago  de  Leon.  It  ia  well  fortified,  and 
in  a  former  war' wai  unfucccfsfuliy.  at- 
tJUzked  by  Comniodorr.Kiiowlea.  Lat. 
lo.  15.  lon^.  6S.  10. 

Cavatllon,  a  tovra  on  the  S.  fide 
of  the  S.  peninfuki-of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  about  ^  leagues  N.  £.  of  Les 
Cayes,  and  5  W.  by  St  of  St.  Louiy.  N. 
Ut.  18. 16. 

Cavkndish,  a  townffiip  inWindfor 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Weatherifield,  on 
Black  river,  having  491  inhabitants. 
Uporx  thi»  river,  and  witliin  this  town> 
Ihip,  the  channel  has  been  worn 
down  iooieetr,and  rocks  of  very  krge 
(Htnenflons  have  been  undcmuned  and 
t)m>wn  down-  one  upon  another.  Holes 
are  wrought  in  the  rocks  of  various  di> 
meiilions,  and  forms ;  fome  cylindrical, 
from  1  to  8  feet  in  diameter,. and  fi-om 
»to  15  feet  in  depth  ;  others  are  of  a 
fpherical  fcrm,  from  6  ta  20  feet  diame- 
ter, worn  ahnoft  perfedtly  iinooth,  into 
the  folid  body  of  a  rock. 

Gaviana,  an  ifland  in  S.  America, 
towards  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Amazon  R. 
and  in  30'  N.  latitude. 

Cavooliero,  ?  bay  on  th«  S.  fide 
of  the  inand  of  St.  Domingo,,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Romaine,  24  leagues 
£.  of  St.  Domingo. 

Caxamarqjua,  ajurifdii^^ion  in  Peru, 
S.  Anterica,  under  the  biihop  of  I'ruxUk), 
lying  between  the  two  Cordilleras  of  the 
Andes ;  it  produces  plenty  of  all  kimls 
of  grain,  fhiits  and  vegetables ;  alio  cat- 
tle»  and  efpeciitJly  hogs.  They  have 
here  a  confiderable  trade  with  Chincay, 
Lima,  Truxillo,  &c.  Mere  the  Indians 
weave  dotton  for  ihips'  fails,  bed  cur- 
tsains,  quilts,  hammocks,  &c.  There 
are  fome  filvc  rhinea,  but  of  little  con- 
fcquence.  The  town  of  the  fame  name 
t«  fituatcd  Jf.  E.  from  the  city  of  Trux- 
illo. 

CAxAMARCiytLA,  a  fmalljurifdi(5tion 
Hkewife  in  Peru,  under  the  bifhop  of 
Truxillo. 

CaVahaga,  or  Cajuga,  fometimcs 
called  the  Great  river,  empties  in 
at  the.  S.  bank  of  lake  Erie;  40  miles 


,    ^-^ 


w..        i..  .,      CAY     ,  .,r».v  «...,■ 

eafrward  of  thl*  mouth  of  Huron  ;  ha»i 
ing  an  Indian  town  of  the  fame  name  on 
its  banks.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  ; 
and  its  mouth  is  wide,  and  deep  enough 
to  receive  larTC  flbops'  from  the  lake. 
Nt^w  this  are  the  celebrated  rocks  which 
projeft  over  the  lake.  They  are  feveral 
miles  in  lfngth,.andrife  40  or  50  feet  per- 
IK'ndicular  out  of  the  water.  Some 
pafts  of  them  confift  of  feveral  ftirata  of 
diftVnint  colours,  lying  in  a  horhsontal 
dirt(JtioB  J  and  fo  exadtly  parallel^that 
they  rcfamble  the  work  of  art.  The 
view  from  the  land  is  grand,  but'  the 
water  prefents  the  moft  magnificent  prof- 
peft  of  this  fublime  work  of  nature  ;  it 
is  attfende<U  however,- with  great  dan- 
g«r  ;-  for  if  the  leaft  ftorm  arifos,  the 
force  of  the  fUrf  is  fuch  that  no 
veffcl  can  efcape  being  dafhed  to 
pieces  again  ft  the  rocks.  Col.  Broadf- 
head  funered  fhipwreck  here  in  the  late 
war  and  loft  a  number  of  his  men,  when 
a  ftrong  wind  arofe,  fo  that  the  laft  ax- 
not  narrowly  efeaped.  The  heathen 
Indians,  when  they  pafs  this  impending 
danger,  ofl'er  a  facrifice  of  tobaec(V  to 
the  water. 

Part  of  the  boundary  Tine  between 
the  U.  S.  A.  and  the  rhdians,  begins  at 
the  mouth  of  Cayahoga,  and  runs  up 
the  fame  to  the  portage  l)etween  that 
and  the  Tlifcaraw*  branch  of  the  Muf- 
kingum. 

The  Cayuga  nation ^.confifting  of  50c 
Indians,  40  of  whom  refidc  in  the  United 
States,  the  reft  in  Canada,  receive  of  tlic 
ftaVe  of  New-York  an  annuity  of  330c 
dollars,  befides  jodollars  granted  to  one 
of  their  chiefs,  as  a  confideratio^  for 
lands  fold  by  them  to  the  ftate,  and  500 
dollars  from  the  United  States,  agreea- 
bly to  thetreaty  of  1794.  See  Six  NtU  ion  J. 

Cayenne,  a  province  in  S.  America, 
belonging  to  the  French,  and  the  only 
part  of  the  continent  which  they  poffefs ; 
bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
ocean ;  S.  by  Amaaonia  ;  and  W.  by 
Guiana,  or  Surinam.  It  extends  440 
miles  along  the  coaft  of  Guiana,  and 
nearly  300  miles  within  land ;  ly&ig  be- 
tween the  equator  and  the  5th  degree  of 
N.  lat.  The  coaft  is  tew  and'marihy, 
and  fubjed  to  inundations,  front  the 
multitude  of  rivers  which  rafh  down 
the  mountains  with  great  impetuoflty. 
The  foil  "s  in  irany  pJaces  fertile,  pro- 
ducing fugar,  tobacco,  Indian  com, 
fruits,  &c.    The  French  have  taken  pof- 

foflioa 


C  A  ^ 


C  H  A 


me  name  on 

for  boAts ; 

leep  enough 

the  lake. 

•ocba  which 

■  are  feveral 

50  feet  per- 

ter.      Some 

eral  ftirata  of 

horhsontal' 

>arallel,,that 

>f  art.    The 

nd,  buC  the 

niflcentprof- 

>f  nature  ;  it 

great  dan- 

arifo!!,  the 

:h    that    no 

dafhed    to 

Col.  Broadf. 

re  in  the  late 

ia  menywhen 

it  the  laft  ca- 

rhe  heathen 

it  impending 

f  tobacco  to 

Tine  between 
ins,  begins  at 
and  runs  up 
l)et\veen  tha*: 
J  of  the  Muf- 

ififting  of  5  or 
in  the  United 
receive  of  tlu 
luity  of  330c 
ranted  to  one 
[ideratioft  for 
Hate,  and  500 
tates,  agreea- 
t  Six  Nations, 
1  S.  America, 
and  the  only 
itheypoffefs; 
the  Atlantic 
and  W.  by 
extends  »4o 
Guiana,  and 
id ;  lylt^  be* 
5  th  degree  of 
and'marfhy, 
ns,  from  the 
\  rufti  down 
impetuofity, 
s  fertile,  pro- 
Indian  com, 
ive  taken  pot 
feflion 


ieflion  of  aninanduponthe  coaft  called 
alfo  Cayenne*  which,  as  likewife  the 
whole  country,  takes  its  name  i&om  the 
river  that  is  northward  of  it. 

Cayenne  R.  rifcsin  the  mountains 
near  the  lake  of  Paim*?,  runB  through  thie 
country  of  the  CJalibii,  a  nation  of 
'Charibbee  Indiana^  pnd  is  100  leagues 
long  ;  the  ifland  which  it  environs,  is 
18  leagues  in  circuit,  is  good  and  lita  til«), 
but  unhealthy.    In  1751,  the  exports  of 
the  colony  were  »6o,^4i  lbs.  of  amotto, 
8o,.^63  Ibe.  fugar,  i7»9»9  His*  cotton, 
.a^,M  X  lbs.  coffee,  9 1 ,9 1 6  Ibr..  cocoa,  bc- 
rfide  timber  and  planks.    The  •French 
I  iirft  fettled  here  in  162.^,  and  built  the 
fort  of  Ceperou,  but  were  often  forced 
^cto  quit  itt  yet  rctumcd  thither  agaii\,  as 
in  1640,  165a,  and  16^4,  and  were  for* 
fced  to  leave  it  for  want  of  reinforce- 
ments.     The  Dutch   fettled    here  in 
i6j6,  but  were  driven  out  bjr  M.  de  la 
f;Barre.    The  ©utch  had  their  revenge 
in  1676,  and  drove  out  the  French  ;  hut 
:  were  themfclves  beat  out,  the  yeai:  af- 
ter, by  D'Eftrees. 

Caye6(  Les,  a  fea-port  town  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  S.  peninfula  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  13  leagues  W.  by  S.  of 
St.  Louis.    N.  lat.  18.  la. 

Cayloma,  a  jurifdidtion  under  th.:* 
biihop  of  Arequipa,  31  leagues  £.  of, 
that  city,  in  S.  America,  la  Peru,  fam- 
>ou8  for  the  illver  mines  in  the  mountains 
of  the  fame  name  ;  which  are  very  rich, 
though  they  have  been  worked  for  a 
long  time.  The  country  round  it  is 
cold  and  barren.  There  is  an  office 
here  for  receiving  the  king's  fifths,  and 
vending  quickfilver. 

Caymans,  3  fmall  iflands,  55  leagues 
N.  N.  W.  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  in 
the  Weft-Indies  ;  the  mofl  foutherly  of 
which  is  called  the  Great  Caymans, 
which  is  inhabited  by  160  people,  who 
are  defcendants  of  the  old  buccaniers. 
it  has  no  harbor  for  flilps  of  burden, 
only  a  tolerable  anchoring  place  on  the 
S.  W.  The  climate  and  foil  are  fingu- 
larly  falubrious,  and  the  pec^le  are  vig- 
orous and  commcmly  live  to  a  great  age. 
They  raife  all  kind  of  produce  for  their 
own  ufe  and  to  fpare.  Their  cjiief  em- 
ployment is  to  pilot  veffels  to  the  adja- 
cent iflands,  and  to  fifh  for  turtle  )  with 
which  1^  they  Aipply  Port  Royal  and  ^ 
other  places  in  great  quantities.  Great ' 
Caymans  lies  inN.  lat.  15, 48.  W.long. 

^OJ.u?-  .'n  /'■■■'■■ 


CAYMrrR,  Orandt,  an  ifland  en 
the  N.  fide  of  the  S.  penintub  olt^e  ifl- 
and o^  St.  Domingo,  a  leaguea'loRg  aQ4 
one -broad.  . 

CAYimA,  a  beautiful  take  in  On^ 
daga  co.7few-Vorki  from  35  to  40  xa^ 
long,  about  z  miles  wide;,  iq  JTaaoe  jslacea 
3,  and  nbotinds  with  ^Ifnon,  bau,  cat- 
fifli,  eels,  &c.  It  lies  Detweep  Seneca 
ar.U  Qvvnfco  lake,  and  at  thtN.  end 
empties  into  ^cayace  k.  which  is  the^. 
caftern  part  of  Sene<ca  It-whoTe  watei9 
run  to  hkt  Ontario.  On  each,  £de  0^ 
the  lake. Is  a  ferry  houfe,^here  good  at- 
tendance h  given.  The  refervation  laa«ls 
of  the  Cayuga  Indians  lie  on  both  $d«t 
of  the  lake,  at  its  northern  end. 

Cazares,  a  town  of  Mexico,  ^et 
Angela.    ■ 

Cazenovia,  a  new  and  thriving 
townfbip,  in  Herkemer  co.  New-'^oric» 
40  miles  weftward  of  Wliiteflown.  By 
the  Hate  cenfus  of  1796,  274  of  its  iii- 
habitants  are  eleftors. 

CECiL,atownfhipin  Washington  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Cedar.  Point  $  a  pint  of  entry  in 
Charles  co.  Maryland,  on  the  ^.  fide  of 
Patowmac  R.  about  i»  miles  below 
Port  Tobacco,  and  96  S.  by  W.  of  Bal- 
timore. Itft  exports  are  chieSy  tobac- 
co and  Indian  corn,  and  in  1:794,  a* 
mounted  in  .value  to.  18,593  doHors. 

Cedar  Point,  a  cape  on  the  t^.  fide 
of  Delaware  Bay  in  St.  Mary's.. co.  Ma- 
ryland. 

Cedar  LicJi^  a  fait  fpring  in  the  ftate 
ofTenneffee,  19  mile^  Arom  .Nafli vilify 
4  from  Big  Spring,  and  6  -feoiA  Little 
Spring. 

Centreville,  the  chief  towa  4»f 
Queen  Anne's  co.  ahd  on  the'E.  fide  of 
Chelapcak  bay  in  Maryland.  It  lies  be- 
tween the  forks  of  Corfica  creek»  whidb 
runs  into  Chefter<R.  and  has  been  lately 
laid  out;  18  miles  S.  ofCbefler}  34 
S.  £.  by  E.  of  Baltimore,  and  95  S,  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia.    1^«  lat.  39.  6, 

Cessares,  a  territory  norUiward  of 
Patagonia  in  S.  Amcricai  in  the  48th  de- 
gree of  S.  lat.  inhabited  by  a  mixt  tribe 
of  that  name,  dtfcended  m>m  the  l^paA- 
iards  ;•  being  the  pepple  cf  4  ibips  tbst 
were  wrecked  on  this  coaft  in  1540. 

Chabaq^iddick  lyitr  belpnga  to 
Duke's  CO.  Maffachufetts.  It  lies  near 
to,  and  extendt^  acn^  the  £«  end  of 
Martha's  Vineyard  ifland. 

CHACAf  OYAs,  ajurifdi<5Uonuad#the 

bifhop 


,'.» 


I  ./ 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


»i 


';l . 


bifliop'of  TruxQlot  in  Peru*  8.  Ameri' 
Qs,  The  Indians  make  a  great  variety 
of  ccttons  and  tapeftty  here,  which  for 
the  livdineft  of  the  colon  and  neatnefa  of 
^e  work  de&rre  attention.  flThey  alfo 
make  cotton  (all  doth.  It  lies  within 
the  CordiUeras. 

Ck ACTAW  Wlh,  in  the  N.  W.  cor- 
ner of  Georgia  river. 

Chactaws*  or  flat  he^ds*  are  a  pow- 
trfvi,  hardy,  fubtile  and  intrepid  race 
pf  Indians,  who  inhabit  ai  very  fine  and 
cxtenfive  tr^  of  hilly  countiYi  with 
Uxjgc  and  fertile  plains  intervening,  be- 
tween the  Alabama  and  Mlfliflppi  nvers, 
and  in  the  wcftcm  part  of  the  ftate  of 
Georgia.  This  nation  had,  not  many 
years  ago,  43  towns  and  villages,  in 
three  diviflons,  containing  12,123  fouls, 
of  which  4,04 z  were  fighting  men. 
They  arc  called  by  the  traders  Flat- 
heads,  all  the  males  having  the  fore  and 
hind  part  of  their  ikulls  artificially  flat- 
tened when  young,  Thefe  men,  uqlike 
the  Mufcogulges,  are  flovenly  and  neg- 
ligent in  every  part  of  their  drefs,  but 
btherwife  are  faid  to  be  ingenious,  fen- 
iible,  afid  virtuous  men,  bold  and  in- 
trqjid,  yet  quiet  and  peaceable.  Some 
iate  travellers,  however,  have  obferved 
that  they  pay  little  attention  to  the  moft 
nec^flary  rules  of  moral  condudt,  at 
leaft  that  unnatural  crimes  were  too 
frequent  among  them.  Different  from 
mdft  of  the  Indian  nations  bordering  on 
the  United  States,  they  have  large  plan- 
tations or  coimtry  farms,  where  they 
employ  much  of  their  time  in  agricultu- 
ral improvements,  after  the  manner  of 
the  white  people.  Altho'  their  territo- 
ries are' not  ^tk  fo  large  as  thofe  of  the 
Mufcogulge  confederacy,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  is  greater.  The  Chac- 
taws  and  Creeks  are  inveterate  enemies 
.  to  each  other. 

"ivf  Chadbourne's  Riwr,  dlftrift  of 
Maine,  called  by  fome  Great  Work's 
River,  about  30  miles  from  the  niouth 
of  the  Bonnebeag  Pond,  from  which  it 
flows.  It  is  faid  to  have  taken  its  latter 
namefrbhi  a  mill  with  18  faws,  moved 
by  one  Wheel,  eareftedby  one  Lodors. 
But  the  projeft  viras  foon  laid  afide. 

_.,The  former  name  is  derived  from  Mr. 

'«Chadboume,oneofthe  firft  fettlers,who 

tpurchafed  the  land  on  the  mouth  of  it, 

^Of  the  Natives,  and  whofe  pofterity  pof- 

fefsitatthisday. 

a^  "  Chagrk^  a  river  and  town  in  Terra 


Fhma,  8.  America.  The  river  opens  to 
the  N.  Sea,  and  was  formerly  caned  La- 
gortas,  from  the  number  of  alligators  in 
It ;  has  its  fource  in  the  mountains  near 
Crace^  and  its  mouth  is  in  N.  lat.  9. 
^here  there  is  a  ftrong  fort,  built  on  a 
fteep  rock,  on  the  E.  fide,  near  the  fea 
(ho^.  This  fort  has  a  commandant, 
and  lieutenant,  and  the  garrifon  is 
draughted  from  Panama,  to  which  you 
go  by  this  river,  landing  at  Cruces,  about 
S  leagues  ''om  Panama,  and  thence  one 
travels  by  land  to  that  city.  Oppofite  to 
fort  Chagre  is  the  royal  cuftom-houfc. 
Here  the  river  is  broadeft,  being  ijo 
toifes  over  ;  whereas,  at  Cruces,  where 
it  begins  to  be  navigable,  it  is  only  »o 
toifes  wide  ;  from  the  town  of  Chagi  e, 
to  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  »i  miles 
N.  W.  by  W.  but  rteafuring  by  water 
is  43  miles.  There  is  at  Cruces  an  al- 
calde, who  lives  at  the  cuftom-houfc, 
and  takes  an  account  of  all  goods  on  the 
river.  Chagre  fort  was  taken  by  admi- 
ral Vernon,  in  1 740. 

Chalco  Lake.    See  Mexico, 

Chaleurs,  a  deep  and  broad  bay 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. Prom  this  bay  to  that  of  Verte, 
on  the  S.  in  the  S.  E.  comer  of  the  gulf, 
is  the  N.  £.  fea  line  of  the  Britifh  pro- 
vince of  New-BrunfWick. 

Chambersburo,  a  poft  town,  in 
Pennfylvania,  and  the  chief  of  Ibranklin 
CO.  It  is  lituated  on  the  eaftem  branch 
of  Conogocheague  creek,  a  water  of  Po- 
towmac  R.  in  a  rich  and  highly  cultiva- 
ted  country,  and  healthy  fituation.— 
Here  are  about  aoo  houfes,  a  Pi-eibyte- 
rian  churches,  a  ftone  gaol,  a  handfomf 
court-houfe,  built  of  brick,  a  paper  and 
merchant  mill.  It  is  58  miles  E.  by  Si 
of  Bedford,  11  N.  W.  of  Shippenfburp, 
and  157  W.  of  PI.  hdelphia.  N.  lat. 
39*  53«  W.  long.  77.  30. 

Chamblge  R.  or  Sorell,  a  water  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  ifliiing  from  Like 
Champlain,  300  yards  wide  when  low- 
eft.  It  is  inoal  in  dry  feafons  ;  but  of 
fbfficient  breadth  for  rafting  lumber, &c. 
fpring  and  fall.  It  was  c^lcd  both  So- 
rell and  Richlicu  when  the  French  held 
Canada. 

Cmambleb  Fortt  is  handfomc  and 
well  built,  on  the  margin  of  the  river  oi 
the  fame  name,  about  11  or  Is  miles  S 
W.  from  Montreal,  and  N.  of  St.  John's 
fort.  It  w's  taken  by  the  Americans, 
OSt.  ao,  1775,  and  retaken  by  the  Brit> 

ifh-, 


r  opens  to 

lycauedLa' 

alligator!)  in 

luntainsneai* 

in  N.  Ut.  9. 

;,  built  on  a 

near  the  fea 

loDimandant) 

garrifon    i» 

[o  which  you 

"ruces,  about 

d  thence  one 

Oppofitc  to 

uftom-houfe. 

being  tzo 

ruces,  where 

t  is  only  to 

n  of  Chagre, 

is  a  I  miles 

ing  by  water 

Cruces  an  al- 

:uftom-houfc, 

goods  on  the 

iken  by  admi- 

lexieot 

id  broad  bay 
f  of  St.  Law- 
that  of  Verte, 
ler  of  the  gulf, 
le  Britiih  pro- 

poll  town,  in 
ief  of  Ibranklin 
eaftem  branch 
a  water  of  Po- 
highly  cultiv.i- 
ly  fituation.— 
es,  a  Piefbyte- 
o\,  a  handfomt* 
k,  a  paper  and. 
miles  E.  by  Si 
Shippenfburp, 
iphia.    N.  lat, 

e//,  a  water  m" 
ng  from  lake 
'ide  when  low- 
jafons  ;  but  0' 
n;»lumber,&(. 
:allcd  both  So- 
iie  French  held 


C  H  A- 

ah,  Jan.  i«,  1776.  N.  lat.  45.  as- 
Chahplain,  a  lake  next  in  fize  to 
lake  Ontario,  and  lies  £.  N.  E.  from  it, 
forming  a  part  of  the  dividing  line  be^ 
tween  the  ftates  of  New-York  and  Ver- 
mont. It  took  its  name  from  a  French 
f^ovemor,  who  was  drowned  in  it.  It 
was  before  called  Corlacr*8  Lake.  Reck- 
oning its  length  from  Fairhaven  to  St. 
John°8,  a  courfe  nearly  N.  it  is  about  aoo 
miles ;  its  breadth  is  from  i  to  i8  miles, 
being  very  different  in  different  places  ; 
the  mean  width  is  about  5  miles  j  and 
it  occupies  about  500,000  acres.  Its 
depth  is  fufficient  for  the  largeft  veffels. 
There  are  in  it  above  fixty  illands  of 
different  fizes  ;  the  moft  confidcrable 
are  North  and  South  Hero,  and  Mot- 
tc  ifland.  North  Hero,  or  Grand 
Ille,  is  24  miles  long  and  £rom  s  to  4 
wide.  It  receives  at  Ticondcroga  the 
waters  of  Lake  George  from  the  S.  S. 
W.  which  is  faid  to  Iw  100  feet  higher 
than  the  waters  of  this  lake.  Half  the 
rivers  and  flreams  which  rife  in  Ver- 
mont fall  into  it.  There  are  feveral 
which  come  to  it  from  New-York  ftate 
and  fome  from  Canada }  to  which  laft 
it  fends  its  own  waters,  a  N.  courfe, 
thro'  Sorell  or  Chamblec  rivcr^  into  the 
St.  Lawrence.  Thu  lake  is  well  ftored 
with  fifh  ;  particularly  falmon,  falmon- 
trout,  fturgeon  and  pickerel ;  and  the 
land  on  its  borders,  and  on  the  banks  of 
its  rivers,  is  good. 

The  rocks  in  feveral  places  appear  to 
be  marked,  and  ftained,  with  the  for- 
mer furiace  of  the  lake,  many  feet  high- 
er than  it  has  been  fince  its  difcovenr 
in  1608.  The  waters  generally  rile 
from  about  the  aoth  of  April,  to  the 
20th  of  June,  from  4  to  6  feet ;  the 
greateft  variation  is  not  more  than  8fect. 
It  isfeldom  entirely  (hut  upwith ice, until 
the  middle  of  January.  Between  the 
6th  and  ijth  of  April  the  ice  generally 
goes  off;  and  it  is  not  uncommon  for 
many  fqiure  miles  of  it  to  difappear  in 
one  day. 

Champlain,  a  townlhip  the  moft 
northerly  in  Clinton  co.  New-York, 
which  takes  its  name  from  the  lake  on 
rvhich  it  lies.  It  was  granted  to  fome 
Canadian  and  Nova-Scotia  refugees, 
whc  were  either  in  the  fervice  of  the 
United  States,  during  the  war,  or  fled 
to  them  for  protedtion.  The  indigence 
or  ill  habits  of  thefe  people  occauoned 
the  breaking  up  of  the  fettlement ;  and 

.  v»-  -    ^'^  ■•■/    ■.    ■■  ,y^ 


C  H-A, 

a  better  fet  of  inhabitants  have  nofw 
taken  their  place.  The  lands  are  fer* 
tile ;  and  two  rivers  run  through  it,  well' 
ftored  with  fifti.  It  has  575  inhabit!  . 
ants,  and  3  flaves.  By  the  ftate  cenfbi^ 
of  1796,  76  of  the  inhabitants  are  dec' 
tors. 

Chanceforo,  a  townfhip  in  YorK 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Chap  ALLAN,  one  of  the  largeft  Iakf« 
in  Mexico,  or  New-Spain. 

C  H  A  p  p  E  L-Hi  L  L,  a  poft-town  in  0> 
ange  co.  N.  Carolina,  fituated  on  a 
branch  of  Newhopc  cre>ek,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  This  is  the  fpot  chofen  for  the 
feat  of  the  Univerfity  of  North-Carolina. 
Few  houfcs  are  a?  yet  creilcd  ;  but  a 

J>art  of  the  public  buildings  were  in  fuch 
brwardnefs,  that  ftudenri  were  admit- 
ted, and  education  cou..iienced  in  Jan, 
1796.  The  beautiful  and  elevated  fcite  of 
thistown  commands  aplcafing  and  cxten- 
fife  view  of  the  furrounding  country ; 
xz  miles  S.by  E.  of  Hillfborough,  and 
473  S.  W.  or  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  35, 
40.  W.  long.  79.  6. 

Charlemont,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp- 
fhire  co.  MafTachufettSj  16  miJes  W.  of 
Deerfield,  having  665  inhabitants. 

Charles  R.  in  MafTachufetts,  call- 
ed anciently  ^uinoiequtHt  is  a  conlider- 
able  ftrcam,  the  principal  branch  of 
which  rifcs  from  a  pond  bordering  on 
Hopkinton.    It  pafles  through  Hollif- 
ton  and  Bellingham,  and  divides  Mcd- 
way  from  Medficld,  Wrentbam,  and 
Franklin,    and  thence  into  Dedham, 
where,  by  a  curious  bend,  it  forms  a 
peninfula  of  900  acres  of  land*  A  ftream 
called  Mother  Brook,  runs  out  of  this 
river  in  this  town,  and  falls  into  Nepon- 
iit  R.  forming  a  natural  canal,  uniting 
the  two  rivers,  and  affording  a  number 
of  excellent  mill-feats.    From  Dedham 
the  courfe  of  the  river  is  northerly,  di- 
viding Newton  from  Needham,  Weft- 
on,  and  Waltham,  palfing  over  roman- 
tic falls ;  it  then  bends  to'the  N.  E.  and 
E.  through  Watcrtown  and  Cambridge, 
and  paffipg  into  Bofton  harbor,  mingles 
with  the  waters  of  Myftic  R.  at  the 
point  of  the  peninfula  of  Charleftown. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Watcrtown, 
7  miles.    The  moft  remarkable  bridges 
on  this  river  are  thofe  which  connedt 
Bofton  with  Charleftown  andCambridge. 
See  Bofton,    There  are  7  paper  mills  on 
this  river,,  befides  pther  mills. 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


CfiARLts  Co.  on  the  vreftem  (hore  of 
Maryland,  lies  betv9eenPotown\.ack  and 
Patuxent  ri»ett.  Its  chief  town  ia  Port 
Tobacco,  on  the  river  of  that  name.  Its 
estreme  length  is  a  8  miles,  its  breadth 
»4tUiHt  contains  3o,6x.i  inhabitants, 
including  10,085  naves.  The  country 
hMfeW  hill«,  is  generally  low  and  iandy, 
and  produces  tobacco,  Indian  com, 
fweetpoUtoe8,&c. 

Charles  City  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies 
between  Chickahominy  and  James  riv- 
ers. It  contained  formerly  part  of  what 
now  forma  Prince  Geor^'s  co.  It  h.ui 
5588  inhabitants,  including  3 141  Jlaves. 

Charles,  a  cape  of  Virginia,  in. about 
N.  lat.  37.  15.  It  is  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  mouth  of  Chefapeak  bay,  having 
Cape  Henry  oppofite  to  it. 

Chari.es,  a  cape  on  the  S.  W-  part 
of  the  ftrait  entering  into  Hudfon  Bay. 
N.  lat.  6».  40.  W.  long.  75.  i,y. 

Charlestdwn,  a  port-town  in  Cecil 
CO.  Maryland,  near  the  head  of  Chefa- 
peak bay ;  6  miles  E.  N.  E.  from  the 
mouth  of  Sufquehannah  R; ;  10  W.  S. 
W.  from  Elkton,  and  50  S.  W.  by  W. 
from  Pailadelpbia.  Here  are  about  30 
houfts,  chiefly  inhabited  by  filhermen 
employed  in  the  herring  filhery.  N. 
lat.  39.  34, 

Charleston,  a  diftrift  in  the  Low- 
er countnr  of  8.  Carolina,  fubdivided  in- 
to 14  par(flie£.  This  large  .diftrift,  of 
which  the  city  of  Charlefton  is  the  chief 
town,  lies  betvA'.xn  Santee  and  Comba- 
hee  rivers.  It  pay3Xj3i,473-i4-(^  fter. 
taxes.  It  fends  to  the  rtate  legillature 
48  reprcfentatives  and  13  fenatcrs,  and 
I  member  toCongrefs.  It  contains  66986 
inhabitant8,of  whom,only  1635  a  are  free. 

Charleston,  the  metropolis  of  S. 
Carolina,  is  the  moft  confiderable  town  in 
the  ftate ;  fituated  in  the  diftri(ft  of  the 
Cune  name,  and  on  the  tongue  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluent  ftreams  of  Alh- 
ley  and  Cooper,  Avhich  are  (hort  rivers, 
but  large  and  navigable.  Thefe  waters 
unite  immediately  below  the  city,  and 
form  a  fpacious  and  convenient  harbor ; 
which  communicates  with  the  ocean  juft 
below  Sullivan's  I. ;  which  it  leaves  on 
the  N.  7  miles  S.  E.  of  Charlefton.  In 
thefe  rivers  the  tide  rifes,  In  common, 
about  6^  feet ;  but  uniformly  rifes  10  or 
I  a  -inches  more  during  a  night-tide. 
The  fa«ft  is  certain ;  the  caufe  unknowft. 
Th-  continual  agitation  which  the  tides 
#C(   lion  in  the  waters  which  almoft  fur* 


round  Charlefton— the  refrerhing  fev 
breezes  which  are  regularly  felt,  and  the 
fmoke  arifm^  from  fo  many  chimneys, 
render  tiiis  city  more  healthy  than  any 
part  ofthe  low  country  in  the  fouthem 
ftatcs.  On  this  account  it  is  the  refort 
of  great  numbers  of  gentlemen,  invalidit 
from  the  W.  India  iflands,  and  of  the 
rich  planters  from  the  coimtry,  who 
come  here  to  fpcnd  the  fickly  months,  aa 
they  arc  called,  in  queft  of  health  and  of 
the  focial  enjoyments  which  the  city  af- 
fords. And  in  no  part  of  America  are 
the  focial  hlcfTings  enjoyed  more  ration, 
ally  and  liberally  than  here.  Unaffeft- 
ed  hofpitalltv — .iffability — eafe  of  man- 
ners and  addrefa — and  a  difpofition  to 
make  their  guefts  welcome,  eafy  and 
pleafed  with  themfelves,  arc  charac- 
terirtics  of  the  refpedtablc  people  of 
Charlefton.  In  fpeaking  of  the  capital, 
it  ouijht  to  be  obferved,  for  the  honor 
of  the  people  of  Carolina  in  general, 
that  when  in  common  with  the  other 
colonies,  in  the  conteft  with  Britain, 
they  refolved  againft  the  ufe  of  certain 
luxuries,  and  even  neceflaries  of  life  ; 
thofe  articles,  which  improve  the  mind, 
enlarge  the  undcrftanding,  and  Corred 
the  tafte,  were  excepted ;  the  importa- 
tion of  books  was  permittedas  formerly. 
The  land  on  which  the  town  is  built, 
is  flat  and  low,  and  the  water  brackilh 
andunwholefome.  The  ftreets are  pretty 
^  regularly  cut,&  open  beautiful  profpeds, 
and  have  fubterr<mean  drains  to  carry 
off  fllth  and  keep  the  city  clean  and 
healthy ;  but  are  too  narrow  for  fo  large 
a  place  and  fo  warm  a  climate.  Their 
general  breadth  is  from  35  to  66  feet. 
The  houfes  which  have  been  lately 
built,  are  brick,  with  tiled  roofe.  The 
buildings  in  general  are  elegant,and  moft 
of  them  are  neat,airy  and  well  fumiflied. 
The  public  buildings  are,-an  exchange,  a 
ftate-houfe,  an  armoury,  a  poor-boufe, 
and  an  orphan's  houfe.  Here  are  feve- 
ral  refpeAable  academies.  Part  of  the 
old  barracks  has  been  handfomely  fitted 
up,  and  converted  into  a  college,  and 
there  are  a  number  of  ftudents ;  but  it 
can  only  be  called  as  yet  a  refpe(5table 
academy.  Here  are  two  banks — ^a  branch 
of  the  national  bank,  and  the  S.  Carolina 
bank,  eftablifhed  in  179a.  The  houfes 
for  public  worfliip  are  two  Epifcopal 
churches,  two  for  Independents,  one  for 
Scotch  Prelbyterians,  one  for  Baptifts, 
one  for  German  Lutherans,  two  for 

Methodifts, 


'  ^^'•"t-j.  y*  T 


ifirfliinf  fc*. 
i  felt,  «nd  the 
ny  chimneys, 
thy  than  any 
the  fouthern 
is  the  rerort 
men,  invalidfi 
s,  and  of  the 
ountry,  who 
lymonthdas 
health  and  of 
ch  the  city  af- 
f  America  ai-c 
more  ration- 
■e.    Unaffcifl- 
;afe  of  man- 
difpontion  to 
ne,  cafy  and 
are  charac- 
Ic  people  of 
of  the  capital, 
for  the  honor 
a  in  general, 
ith  the  other 
with  Britain, 
life  of  certain 
fariea  of  life  ; 
•ove  the  mind, 
f,  and  corrcd 
the  import  a- 
:da3  fonnerly. 
town  is  built, 
ivater  bracki/h 
reets  are  pretty 
tifiilprolpeds, 
fains  to  carry 
ity  clean  and 
3w  for  fo  large 
imate.    Their 
5  to  66  feet. 
;    been  lately 
1  roofe.    The 
gant,and  moft 
veil  fumifhed. 
m  exchange,  a 
a  poor-houfe, 
3ere  are  feve- 
Part  of  the 
dfomely  fitted 
college,  and 
dents;  but  it 
a  refpe(ftable 
iks — ^a  branch 
lie  S.  Carolina 
The  houfes 
rro  Epifcopal 
dents,  one  for 
for  Baptifts, 
ins,  two  for 
Metliodiftfi, 


A."   !!»'' 


C  H  A 


ifcthodifti,  one  for  Fr-nch  Ph)teftant8^i 

K  mecting-houfe  for  Quaker  ,  a  Roman 

Catholic  chapel,  anda  Jew"  "h  fynagogue. 

Little  attention  is  paid  to  the  public 

markets ;  a  groat  proportion  of  the  moft 

w«altby  Inhabitants  having  plantations 

\  from  which  they  receive  fupplics  of  al- 

[moft  every  article  of  living.    The  court- 

Itry  abounds   with  poultry  and  wild 

Iducks.    Their  beef,  mutton  and  veal 

''%xt  not  generally  of  thebeft  kind;  and 

few  fifli  are  fotmd  in  the  market. 

i   In  1787,  it  was  computed  that  there 

Jirerc  1600  houfes  in  this  city,  and  15,000 

|bihabitant8,  including  5,400 (laves ;  and 

l»irhat  evincfls  the  healthineft  of  the  place, 

i^fipwards  of  aoo  of  the  white  inhabit- 

•ants  were  above  60  years  of  age.    In 

ii79r,  there  were  16,359  inhabitants,  of 

Ittvhom  7684  were  flaves.    This  city  has 

[often  fuffered  much  by  fire,  the  laft  and 

*mofl:  deftrudtive  happened   as  late  as 

'June,  1796. 

Charlcfton  was  incorporated  in  rySj, 
anfl  divided  into  three  wards,  which 
chofe  as  many  wardens,  from  among 
ivhom  the  citizt.-ns  t\t&.  an  intendant 
of  the  city.    The  intendant  and  war- 
liens  form  the  city-council,  who  have 
j  power  to  make  and  enforce  bye-laws 
ifoi  the  regulation  of  the  city. 
I     The  vahie  of  exports  from  this  port, 
[in  the  yeai' ending  Nov,  1787,  amount- 
fed  to  jC.50J»>79-i'9-5  fter.    The  num- 
ber of  vefTels  cleared  from  the  cuftom- 
hoiife  the  fame  year,  was  947,  meafuring 
, <a,ii8  tons;  735  of  thefe,  meafuring 
4 1, 5 3*  tons,  were  American  ;  the  others 
[belonged   to    Great-Britain,    Ireland, 
[  Spain,  France,  and  the  United  Netlier- 
[  lands.    In  the  year  1794,  the  value  of 
exijorts  amounted  to  3,846,39a  dollars. 
It  is  60  miles  8.  W.  by  S.  of  George- 
town ;  150  E.  by  S.  of  Augufta ;  497 
S.  by  W.  of  Richmond ;  630  S.  W.by 
S.  of  Wafliington  city  ;  763  S.  W.  by 
S.  of  Philadelphia;  and  11 10  S.  W.  of 
Bofton.    The  Ught-houfe  lies  in  N.  lat, 
3a.  41..  53.    White  Point  at  the  S.  end 
of  the  town,  N.  lat.  3  a.  44. 30.  W.  Iqng. 
80.  39.  4J. 

Knoxville,  the  capital  of  the  ftate  of 
Tenneffee,  is  much  nearer  to  this  than 
to  any  fea-port-town  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  A,  waggon  road  of  only  15 
miles  is  wanted  to  open  the  coromuni- 
eatien ;  and  the  plan  is  about  to  be  C3^ 
tcuted  by  tlie  ftate. 
CHARLBSTOWMj^atownftiipin  Mont- 


C  H  A 

pomery  co.  New- York,  on  the  8.  ^itt 
uf  Mohawk  river,  about  3  a  miles  W.  of 
Schenectady.  By  the  i^ate  ccnfu»  of 
1 7961  45^  of  the  inhabitants  are  eletSlora. 

Charlfstowh,  a  townfbip  in  Ma- 
fon  CO.  Kentucky;  fituated  on  the  Ohi^ 
at  the  mouth  of  Lauren's  creek.  It 
contains  but  few  hotif^s,  and  ia  6  mtlet 
N.  of  Waihington,  and  60  N.  E.  o£ 
Lexington.    N*.  lat.  38.  43. 

CHARLKSTowN,at(m-nihipin  Che& 
ter  CO.  Pennfylvaiua.  ' 

'  CHARLESTowiftapoftototmiinChc- 
fhire  CO.  N«w-Hampibirr,  on  the  £; 
fide  of  Connedtidit  R.  30  miles  S.  of 
Dartmouth  College  ;  iipwaids  of  70  N; 
of  Northampton,  n6  N-^of  W.  of  Bofr 
ton,  80  W.  by  N.  of  Portfmouth,  and 
341  N.  N.  £.  of  Philadelphia.  It  wa»' 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  96- 
or  100  houfes,  a  Con{|,r(.  xl^onal churchy 
a  court-hoafe  and  an  ac.  -lemy.  The  - 
road  from  Bofton  to  Qu^^c  pafTea 
through  this  town.  T.\j.t.  4.1«  16.  W.' 
khg.  73.  t^>  A  fmall  inv>mal  tvade  i» 
carried  on  here. 

Charlxstown,  the  principal  townf 
in  Middlefex  co.  Maflacbufetls,  called 
Mijhativun  by  the  aboriginal  inhabitants, 
lies  N.  of  Bofton,  with  which  it  is  coiw 
nefted  by  Charles-River  Bridge.  The 
town,  properly  fo  called,  is  built  on  t 
peninfula,  formed  by  Myftic  R.  on  the 
E.  and'  a  bay,  fettirig  up  from  Charle»« 
River,  on  the  W.  It  is  very  advanta* 
geoufly  fituated  for  health,  'lavigation, 
trade,  and  manufactures  0/  almoft  alh 
the  various  kinds.  A  dan.  acrols  the 
mouth  of  the  bay,  which  fijts  up  from 
Charles-River,  would  afibrd  a  great 
number  of  mill-feats  for  manufactures. 
Bunker's,  Breed's,  and  Cobble  (now 
Barrelfs)  hiUs,  arc  cdebrated  in  the 
hiftoi-y  of  the  Amerieai  (devolution;- 
The  fecond  hill  has  upon  its  fummit  a 
monument  erefted  to  the  memory  of 
nu^  gen.  Warren,  near  the  fpot 
where  he  fcll,  among  the  firft  facrifice<( 
to  American  Ubertyt  The  brow  of  the 
hill  begins  to  be  omamomed  with  ele« 
gant  houfes.  All  thefe  hilts  afford  ele^ 
gant  and  delightful  profpeAs  of  Bofton*. 
and  its  charmingly  variegated  harborr 
of  Cambridge  »nd  its  colleges,  and  of  an 
extenfive  trad  of  highly  cultivated^ 
country.  It  contffinsr  within  the  necb 
or  parifh  about  350  houfes,  and  about 
3O0O  inhabitants.  The  only  publiir 
buildings  of  confequencc  are  a  hand-- 

Ibmc 


*   -t»  .1*f 


U: 


;-i'     i^  C   H   A      ■'    -  ■     • 

•  Ame  Congregational  church,  with  an 
"elegant  fteeple  and  clock,  and  an  alms- 
-  toufe,  very  commodious  and  pleafantly 
'^^tuated. 

V  -.  Before  the  dcftnwftion  of  this  town 
^  the  Britilli  in  1775,  fevenil  branches 
iof  manufaftures  were  carried  on  to 
great  advantage,  fome  of  which  have 
been  fince  revived  {  particulafrly  the 
manufa^re  of  pot  and  pearl  alhes, 
(bip-building,  rurey  leather  in  all  its 
branches,  iilver,  tin,  brais,  and  pewter. 
Three  rope-w^  have  lately  been  crad« 
ed  in  thiB  towA,  and  the  increale  of  its 
|iouies,  population,  trade»  and  naviga/> 
tion,have  been  very  great  V"*hin  a  few 
years  paft.  This  tovm  is  a  port  of  en- 
try in  conjunclion  with  Bofton.  .  At  tlie 
head  of  the  neck  there  is  a  bridge  over 
Mydic  R.  which  connei^s  CharleQown 
with  Maiden.- 

Charlestown>  a  vJllagCiin  Berkley 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  great  road 
leading  from  Philadelphia  to  Winchef* 
ter  ;  8  miles  from  Shepherdftown,  and 
20  from  Winchefter. 

CHARLESlrowi»,atown(hipin  W'<h- 
ington  CO.  Rhode-Ifland  ftatc,  having 
the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  fouthward^ 
and  feparated  from  Richmond  on  the 
northward  by  Charies-river,  a  water  of 
Pawcatucfc.  Some  of  its  ponds  empty 
into  Pawcatuck  R.  othei's  into  the  fea. 
It  is  19  miles  N.  W.  of  Newport,  and 
contains  2022  inhabitants,  including  la 
flaves. 

A  few  years  ago  there  were  about 
500  Indians  in  the  ftate  ;  tlie  greater 
part  of  them  refidi?d  in  this  townfliip. 
They  are  peaceable  aod  well  difpofed 
to  government,'  and  Ipeak  the  Engliih 
language. 

Charlestown,  the  only  town  in 
the  ifland  of  Nevis,  one  of  the  Carib- 
bees,  belonging  to  Great-Britain.  In  it 
are  large  houfea  and  well  fumifhed 
Ihops,'  and  it  is  defended  by  Charles 
fort.  In  the  parifh  of  St.  John»  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  town,  is  a  large  fpot  of 
fulphureous  ground,  at  the  upper  end 
of  a  deep  chafm  in  the  earth,  common- 
ly called  Sulphur  Gut,  which  is  fo  hot 
as  to  be  felt  through  the  foles  of  one's 
(hoes.  A  fmall  hot  river,  called  the 
Bath,  is  thought  to  proceed  from  the 
faid  gut ;  and  after  running  half  a  mile, 
lofes  itfelf  in  the  fands  of  the  fea. 
Black-Rock  pond,  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  N.  frx>m  the  town,  is  milk-warm, 


■r'    -     C   H  A'      - 

owing  to  the  mixture  of  hot  and  c61d 
fprings,  yet  it  yields  excellent  fifli ;  par- 
ticularly fine  eels,  iilver  iifh,  and  Aim- 
gats.  A'  prodigious  piece  of  Nevis 
mountain  railing  down  in  an  earth- 
quake, feveral  years.ago,  left  a  large  va- 
cuity, which  is  ftill  t6  be  fccn.  The 
altitude  of  this  mountain,  taken  by  a 
quadrant  from  Charlefiown  bay,  is  faid 
to  be  a  mile  and  a  half  perpendicular  ; 
and  from  the  faid  bay  to  the  top,  four 
miles.  The  declivity  from  this  moun- 
tain to  the  town  is  very  fteep  halfway, 
but  afterwards  eafy  of  afccnt.  N.  lat. 
i6.-  55.  W.  long.^  62. 42. 

CharlesTOWn,  or  Oftins,  one  of 
the  four  ptincipal  towns  in  the  ifland 
of  Barbadoes. 

Charleton  IJIanJ,  or  Charles  IJl' 
andt  is  fituated  at  the  bottom  of 
James's  bay,  in  New  South  Wales,  on 
the  coalt  of  Labrador,  and  yields  a 
beautiful  profpeft,  in  fpring,  to  thofe 
who  are  near  it,  after  a.  voyage  of  3  or 
4'  months  in  the  molt  uncomfortable 
feas  on  the  globe,  and  that  by  the  vail 
mount^dns  of  ice  in  Iludfon  bay  and 
(traits.  The  whole  ifland,  fpread  witli 
trees  and  .branches,  exhibits,  as  it  were, 
a  b<:autifiil  green  tuft.  The  air,  even 
at  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  though  in  51 
degrees',  a  latitude  nearer  the  fun  than 
London,  is  exceffively  cold  for  nine 
months,  and  very  hot  the  other  three, 
ejvccpt  on  the  blowing  of  a  N.  W.  w^nd. 
The  foil  on  the  E.  fide,  as  well  as  the 
W.  bears  all  kinds  of  gmin  ;  and  fome 
fruits,  goofeberrics,  ftrawberries,  and 
dewberries,  grow  about  Rupert's  bay. 
N.  lat.  52.  30.  W.louP'  Sa. 

Charleton, a  townlhip  in  Saratoga 
CO.  New- York.  By  the  ftate  ccnfus  of 
1796, 16S  of  its  inhabitants  were  clcift- 

07S. 

Charletok,  a  townfhip  in  Wor- 
ccltcr  CO.  MalTachufetts,  incorporated 
in  1754,  and,  until  then,  formed  the 
weftcriy  part  of  Oxford.  It  is  60  milej 
S.  W.  of  Bofton,  I J  S.  W.  <?f  Worcef- 
tei',  and  contains  1965  inhabitants. 
Quinebaugh  R.  forms  ^me  of  its  rich 
intervale  lands,  and  fumiihes  excellent 
mill  feats  for  tliis,  and  many  adjacent 
to^vns. 

Charlotte  Fort^  in  S.  Carolina,  is 
fituated  on  the  poiqt  of  laa4  where 
Tugeloo  and  Broad  rivers,  uniting  their 
waters,  form  Savannah  R.  According 
to  Bflrtram,  it  is  one  mile  below  Fort 

jamcs, 


y'm 


CH  A 


C  H  A 


n 


lot  and  c6ld 
nt  iifK ;  par> 
ih,  and  flim< 
ce  of  Nevis 
an  earth' 
lit  a  large  va- 
:  feen.  The 
,  taken  by  a 
n  bay>  is  faid 
:rpendicular ; 
th€  top,  four 
n  this  moun- 
eep  halfway, 
;cnt.    N.  lat. 

yftirtJt  one  of 
in  the  ifland 

r  Charles  IJl- 

bottom    of 

ith  Wales,  on 

and  yields  n 

ring,  to  thofe 

oyage  of  3  or 

uncomfortablft 

at  by  the  vaft 

(Ifon  bay  and 

1,  fpread  with 

kits,  as  it  were, 

The  air,  even 

, though  in  51 

\i  ihe  fun  than 

cold  for   nino 

le  other  three, 

aN.W.w'iid. 

as  well  as  tlie 

ain  ;  and  fome 

iwbtrries,  and 

Rupert's  bay. 

hip  in  Saratoga 

ftate  ccnfus  of 

mts  were  clctft- 

ifliip  in  Wor- 
i,  incorporated 
jn,  formed  the 
It  is  60  mile: 
W.  QfWprcef- 
ij;  inhabitants, 
bme  of  its  rich 
lifhcs  excellent 
many  adjacent 


James,  Dartmouth.     N.  lat.  34.  W. 
long.  8a.  zi. 

Charlotte  Haven,  lies  at  the 
mouth  of  Charlotte  R.  in  E.  Florida  ; 
having  Carlos  bay  on  the  S.  and  Rock 
Point  on  the  northward.  N.  lat  27. 
W.  lo;ig.  83.  40.  Charlotte  R.  is  fed 
by  Spiritu  Santo  Lagoon,'  which  com- 
inunicates,  by  Delaware  R.  with  Chat- 
ham or  Punjo  bay,  which  is  90  miles 
S.  E.  from  Charlotte  Haven. 

CuARLOtTE,  a  confiderable  tbwn- 
Ihip  on  the  E.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain, 
and  the  S.  wefteminoft  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont.  Shelbume  on  the  N. 
feparates  this  town  from  Burlington. 
It  contains  635  inhabitants.  Split  Rock, 
in  Lake  Champlain,  Ues  dlTthi^  tovv^h. 

Charlotte  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  S. 
W.  of  Richmond,  on  the  head  waters  of 
Staunton  R.  and  contains  10,078  inhab- 
itants, including  4,816  Qaves.  The 
court-houfe  is  31  miles  S.  S.  W.  of 
Prince  Edward  court-hdufe,  and  379, 
about  the  fanie  courfe,fromPhiladelphia. 

CharloTteburg,  a  town  in  Brunf- 
ivick  CO.  N.  Carolina.  It  ftands  on  an 
ifland,  and  has  an  inlet  and  found  of 
the  fame  name,  a  little  S.  of  it. 

Charlotte^  or  Charlottefville,  a 
jpoft-town  in  Salifbury  diftri«5t,  N.  Car- 
olina, and  chief  town  of  Mecklenburg 
to.  fituited  on  Steel  creek,  which  joins 
the  Sugaw,  and  falls  into  Catabaw  R. 
about  10  miles  N.  of  the  S.  Carolina 
boundary,  and  44  S.  of  Salifbury. 
Here  are  about  40  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaol. 

Charlottesville,  the  capital  of 
Albemarle  co.  in  Virginia,  lies  on  the 
port  road  from  Richmond  to  Danville, 
in  Kentucky,  86  milts  W.  N.  W.  of  the 
former,  and  557  eaftvvard  of  the  latter, 
and  40  S.  E.  by  E.  of  Staunton.  It 
contains  about  45  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  a  gaol,  fituated  about  half  a 
mile  N.  from  a  water  of  Rivanna  river. 

Charlotte  Town,  the  capital  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a 
town  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Dominica,  in  the  W<'  Indids  ;  and  fltu- 
ated  on  the  S.  fiJe  of  a  deep  bay; 

Chaklotia,  a  town  on  theE.fliore 
bf  St;  John's  R.  S^ft  Florida,  where  that 
river  is  about  ha.!f  a  mile  wide.  It  was 
founded  by  Den.  Rolle,  Efq.  and  is  fit- 
tiated  on  a  high  hlnfT,  15  or  30  feet  per- 
pendicular from  the  river;  and  ia  ui 

*^:tW.     EM.]      ' 


.r-)K>  <-S;*I 


length  half  a  mile,  or  more.  The  abori 
rigines  of  America  had  a  Tery  great  town 
in  this  place,  as  appears  from  the  great 
tumuli  and  conicd  mounts  of  earth  and 
fliellfl,  and  other  traces  of  a  fettlement 
which  yet  remain.  The  river,  for  near 
13  miles  above  Charlotia,  is  divided  into 
many  channels  by  a  number  of  iflands. 

Charti£r,  a  townfliip  in  Walhing< 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Charti er'j  Cr»/(.  ttt  Canon/burg 
and  Morganza, 

Chartres,  a  fort  which  was  built  hf 
the  French,  on  the  eaftem  fide  of  the 
Miflilippi,  3  miles  northerly  of  Z^iPrairr 
du  Rochcr,  or  the  Rock  Meadows,  and 
13  miles  northerly,  of  St.  Genevieve,  on 
the  weftem  fide  of  that  river.  It  was 
abandoned  in  177^,  being  untenable  by 
the  cohftant  wafliings  of  t±e  Mifiifippi  in 
high  floods.  The  village  fouthwanl  of 
the  fort  was  very  inconfiderable  in  1778. 
A  mile  above  tlus  is  a  village  fettled  by 
1 70  waniors  of  the  Piorias  and  Mitchi'* 
gamias  tribes  of  Illinois  Indians,  'vvho 
are  idle  and  debauched. 

Chatham,  a  maritime  townihip  in 
Bamftable  co^  MaflTachufetts,  fituated 
on  the  exterior  extremity  of  the  elbow 
of  Cape  Cod,  conveniently  for  the  filh- 
ery ;  in  which  they  have  ufually  about 
40  veflels  employed.  It  has  1140  in- 
habitants, and  b'es  95  miles  S.E.of  Bof> 
ton.    See  Cape  Cod. 

CAHTHAM,atownfliipin  Grafton',o,i 
New-Hampfliire.  It  was  incorpor?  ced 
in  1767,  and  in  1790  contained  5?  in- 
habitants. 

Chatham,  a  flourifliing  townfl'iip  in 
Middlefex  co*  ConnecSicut*  on  the  eaft- 
em bi^nk  of  Connedicut  R.  and  oppo-; 
fite  Middleton  city.  It  was  x  part  of 
the  townrtiip  of  Middleton  till  1767. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip.in  Eflex  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  is  fituated  on  PafTaic  R.  13 
miles  W.  of  Eli.abethtown,  anc?  nearly 
the  fame  from  Npwark* 

Chatham,  atownlhip  in  Columbia 
CO.  New- York.  By  the  flate  cenfus  of 
17961  380  of  its  inhabitants  were  elect- 
ors. 

Chatham  Co.  in  Hillfboroiigh  difl- 
rift,  N.  Carolina,  about  the  center  of 
the  ftate.  It  contains  9331  inhabitants* 
of  whom  1633  are  flaves.  Chief  towni 
Pittfburg.  The  court-houfe  is  a  few 
miles  W.  of  Raleigh,  on  a  branch  of 
Cape  Fear  river. 

Chatham,  a  tawn of  §.  Carolina,  in 
.V  ii..^  'i''.    .ivvj'^ij  V  Cherawa 


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Cheraws  diAiict,  fituateil  in  Chefter- 
fi<:ld  CO.  on  the  \V.  fide  of  Great  Pxlee 
R.  It8  fitliation,  in  a  highly  cultivated 
and  rich  country,  and  at  the  head  of^  a 
navigable  river,  bids  fair  to  render  it  a 
place  of  great  importanoe.  At  prefent 
it  has  only  about  ^o  houfea,  lately 
built. 

Chatham  Co.  in  the  lower  diftrid 
of  Georgia,  lies  in  the  N.  E.  corner  of 
ti. "  ftate,  having,  the  Atlantic  ocean  E. 
«nd  Savannah  river  N  E.  It  cuntaiiw 
10,769  inhabitants,  including  8,zoi 
ilaves.  The  chief  town,  is  Savannah, 
tlie  former  capital  of  th'e  ftate. 

Chatham,  or  Pttnjo  bays  a  large 
bay  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  S.  end  of  the 
promontory  of  E.  Florida.  It  receives 
•North  and  Delaware  rivers. 

Chatham  Hottfey  in  the  tenitory  of 
the  Hudfon  bay  company,  N.  lat.  55. 
aj.  4o»  W.  long,  from  Greenwich  98. 

Chata-Hatchi,  or  Hatchit  is  the 
largeft  river  which  falls  into  St.  Rofe's 
bay  in  W.  Florida.  It  is  alfo  called 
Pea  R.  and  runs  from  N,  E.  eotering 
the  bottom  of  the  bay  through  feveral 
mouths ;  but  fo  flioal  that  only  a  fmall 
boat  or  cai«>e  can  pafs  them.  .  Mr. 
Hutchins  afcentled  this  river  about  25 
leagues,  where  there  xN'as  a  fmali  lettle- 
ment  of  Couflac  Indians.  The  foil  and 
timber  on  the  banks  of  the  river  refem- 
ble  verj'  much  thofe  of  Efcambia. 

C'HATAUCHEjOr  Chatahtithe,  a  river 
in  Georgia.  The  northern  part  of  Ap- 
palachicola  river  bears  this  name.  It  is 
about  30  rods  wide,  very  rapid,  and  full 
of  fhoals.  The  lands  on  its  banks  are 
light  and  fandy,  and  the  clay  of  a  bright 
red.  The  lower  creeks  are  fettled  in 
fcattering  clans  and  villages  from  the 
head  to  the  mouth  of  this  river.  Their 
huts  and  cabins,  from  the  high  color  of 
the  clay,refemble  clufters  of  new-burned 
brick  kilns.  The  diftance  from  this 
river  to  the  Talapoofe  R.  is  about  70 
mileif,  by  tlie  war-path,  which  crofies 
at  the  fails,  juft  above  the  town  of  the 
Tuckabatches. 

CHATAUOHciUE  Lake, in  Ontario co. 
New- York,  is  about  i&nxiles  long,  and 
3  broad.  Conewango  R.  which  runs  a 
S.  S.  E.  courfe>,  conne<5ls  it  with  Alleg- 
hany R.  This  lake  is  conveniently  fit- 
uated  for  a  communication  between 
hike  Erie  and  the  Ohio  ;  there  being 
water  enough  for  boats  from  fort 
Frankliaon  the  AJleghany  to  the  N.  W. 


ctjrner-  of  this  lake  ;  from  thence  their" 
is  a  portage  of  9  miles  to  Chataughque 
harbor  on  lake  Erie,  over  ground  capa- 
ble of  being  made  a  good  waggon  road-w 
This  communication  was  once  ufed  by 
the  French. 

Chaudiere  R.  a  S.  E, water  df  the 
St.  Lawrence,  rifing  in  Lincoln  and 
Hancock  counties,  in  the  diftridt  of 
Miaine.  The  carrying  place  from  boat- 
able  waters  in  it,  to  boatable  waters  ia 
the  Kennebeck,  is  only  5  miles. 

Ch ayanta,  a  jurifdidion  in  Peru,  Sv 
America,  under  the  archbilhop  of  Plata, 
50  leagues  from  the  city  of  La  Plata. 
This  country  is  ftimous'  for  its  gold  and 
filver  mines.  The  hitter  are  ftill  work- 
ed to  advantage. 

Cheat  R.  rifes  in  Randolph  co. 
Virginia,  and  after  piirfuing  a  N.  N.  W. 
courfc,  jt)in8  Monongahela  R.  3  or  4 
miles  within  the  Pennfylvania  line.  It 
is  200  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,-and  100 
yards  at  the  Dunkards  fettlement,  50 
miles  higher,  and  is  navigable  for  boats 
except  in  dry  feafons.  There  is  a  port- 
age of  37  miles  from  this  R..  to  the  Po- 
towmack  at  the  mouth  of  Savage  river. 

CHEnucTOr  a  bay  and  harbor  on 
the  S.  S.  E.  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  dif- 
tinguifhed  by  the  lofs  of  a  French  fleet 
in  a  former  war  between  France  and 
Great-Britain.  Near  the  head  of  this 
bay,  on  the  W.  fide,  ftands  the  city  of 
Halifax,  the  capital  of  the  province. 

Chedabucto,  or  Milford  Haven,  a 
large  and  deep  bay  on  the  eafternmoft 
part  of  Nova-Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of 
the-  gut  of  Canfo.  Oppofite  to  its 
mouth  ftands  Ifle  Madame  Sslmon  R> 
falls  into  this  bay  from  the  W.  and  is 
remarkable  for  one  of  the  greateft  fiili' 
cries  hi  the  world. 

Chegomegan,  a  point  of  land  about 
60  miles  in  length,  on  the  Si  fide  of  lake 
Superior.  About  joo  miles  W.  of  thi  i 
cape,  a  conliderable  R.  falls  into  tlvj 
lake  ;  upon  its  banks  abundance  of  vir- 
gin copper  is  found. 

Chekoutimies,  a  nation  or  tril)C 
of  Indians,  who  inhabit  near  the  S. 
bank  of  Saguenai  R.  in  Upper  Canada. 

Chelmsford,  a  townfliip  in  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  MafTachufetts,  fituated  on 
the  S.  fide  of  Merrimack  R.  a6  milen 
N.  wefterly  from  Bofton,  and  contiin» 
1 144  inhabitants.  There  is  an  ingeni- 
oufly  conftniifted  bridge  over  the  R.  at 
Pawtuckct  Falls,  which  connct^s  thi» 
■    ,'  towi 


I 


"»!I>V.*. 


T.'iill  .^..■.v. 


CHSl 


town  with  Dracut.  The  route  of  the 
Middlefcx  canal,  defigned  to  conneft 
the  waters  of  Merrimack  with  thofe  of 
Bofton  harbor,  will  be  Ibntheriy  through 
the  E.  part  of  Chelmsford. 

Chelsea,  called  by  the  ancient  na- 
tives mnnifimet,  a  io^n  in  Suftolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  containing  47  a  inhabi- 
tants. Before  its  incorporation,  m 
1738,  it  was  a  ward  of  the  town  of 
^  Jlof:on.  It  is  fituated  northeafterly  of 
4he  metropolis,  and  leparated  from  it 
by  the  ferry  acrols  the  harbor,  called 
Winnifimet. 

Chelsea,  a iownihip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  having  4,^9  inhabitants.^ 

-Chelsea,  the  name  of  a  parifli  in 
the  city  of  Norwich  (Conn.)  called  tlie 
Landing,  fituated  at  the  head  of  the  riv- 
er Thames,  14  miles  N.  of  New-Lon- 
don, on  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
jundtion  c.  Shetuckct  and  Norwich,  or 
Little  rivers,  whofe  united  waters  con- 
ftitute  the  Thames.  It  is  a  bufy,  com- 
mercial, thriving,  romantic,  and  agreea- 
ble place,  of  about  150  houfes,  afcend- 
ing  one  above  another  in  tiers,  on  arti- 
ficial foundations,  on  the  fouth  point  of 
a  high,  rocky  hill. 

Chemung.  The  weftem  branch  of 
Sufquehanna  R.  is  fometimes  fo  called. 
See  Tioga  River. 

Chemung,  is  a  townfhip  in  Tioga 
CO.  New-York.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of 
1796,  Si  of  its  inhabitants  were  electors. 
It  has  Newton  W.  and  Owego  E. 
about  160  miles  N.W.  from  New-York 
city,  meafuring  in  a  ftraight  line. 

Between  this  place  and  Newton,-Gen. 
fiullivan,  in  his  vi^orious  expedition 
againft  the  Indians,  in  1779,  ^^^  a  def- 
perate  engagement  with  the  Six  Nations, 
v/hom  he  defeated.  The  Indians  were 
ftrongly  intrenched,  and  it  required  the 
utmoll  exertions  of  the  Amerftan  army, 
with  field  pieces,  to  diflodge  them  ;  al- 
though the  former,  including  250  tones, 
amounted  only  to  800  men,  while  the 
Americans  were  5000  in  numberi  and 
well  appointed  in  every  reipeA. 

Chenengo,  is  a  northern  branch  of 
Su^uehanna  R.  Many  of  the  military 
townihips  are  watered  by  the  N.  W. 
branch  of  this  river.  The  towns  of  Fay- 
ette, Jerico,  Greene,  Clinton,  and  Che- 
nengo, in  Tioga  co.  lie  between  this  riv 
^r  and  the  £.  waters  of  Sufquehanna. 

Chenengo,  a  poll  town,  and  one  of 
tjnf  chief  in  Tioga  co.  N^w-York.  The 


.•■•■•-*'''.*•    "  CHE     ;■  /'>«r     ■■■,. 

fettled  part  of  the  town  lies  aTjout  4« 
miles  N.  E.  from  Tioga  point,  between 
Chenengo  R.  and  Sufquehanna  ;  has  the 
town  of  Jerico  on  the  northward.  By 
the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  169  of  its  in^ 
liabitants  are  electors.  It  was  taken  off 
from  Montgomery  CO.  and  in  1791,  it 
had  only  45  inhabitants.  It  is  3  75  miles 
N.  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Chenessee,  or  Geneff'ee  R.  rifes  in 
Pennfylvania,  near  the  fpot  which  is  the 
higheft  grpund  in  that  ftate,  where  the 
eafternmoft  water  of  Alleghany  river, 
and  Pine  creek,  a  water  of  Sufquehanna, 
and  Tioga  R.  rife.  Fifty  miles  from  its 
fource  there  are  falls  of  40  feet,  and  5 
from  its  mouth  of  75  feet,  and  a  little 
above  that  of  96  feet.  Thefe  falls  fur- 
nilh  excellent  mill-feats,  which  are  im- 
proved by  the  inhabitants.  After  a 
courfe  of  about  100  miles,  moftly  N.  E. 
by  N.  it  empties  into  lake  Ontario,  4$ 
miles  E.  of  Irondequat  or  Rundagut 
bay,  and  80  E.  from  Niagara  falls. 

The  fettlements  on  Cheneflee  R.  from 
its  mouth  upwards,  are,  Hartford,  On- 
tario, Wadfworth  and  Williamfburgh. 
The  laft  mentioned  place,  it  is  probable, 
wiU  foon  be  the  feat  of  extenfive  com- 
merce. There  will  not  be  a  carrying 
place  between  New-York  city  and  Wil- 
liamiburgh,  when  the  weftern  canals  and 
locks  ihall  be  completed.  The  carry- 
ing places  at  prefent  are  as  follows,  viz. 
Albany  to  Schencftady  16  miles,  from 
the  head  of  the  Mohaw4c  to  Wood  cree"k 
I,  Ofwego  falls  2,  ChenelTee  falls  4  ;  fo 
that  there  are  but  ai  miles  land  carriage 
neceflary,  in  order  to  convey  commodi- 
ties from  a  traft  of  country  capable  of 
maintaining  feveral  millions  of  people. 
The  famous  Cheneflee  flats  lie  on  the 
borders  of  this  river.  They  are  about 
zo  miles  long,  and  about  4  wide  ;  the 
foil  is  remarkatfly  rich,  -quite  clear  of 
trees,  producing  grafs  near  ten  feet  high. 
Thefe  flats  are  eftimated  to  be  worth 
jC>aoo,ooo,  as  they  now  lie.  They  are 
moftly  the  property  of  the  Indians. 

Chepawas,  or  Cbipeways,  an  Indian 
nation  inhabiting  the  coaft  of  lake  Supe- 
rior and  the  illands  in  the  lake.  They 
could,  according  to  Mr.  Hutchins,  fur- 
niih  f  000  warriors  ao  years  ago.  Oth- 
er tribes  of  this  nation  inhabit  the  coun- 
try round  Saguinam  or  Sagana  bay  and 
lake  Huron,  bay  Puan,  and  a  part  of 
lake  Michigan.  They  were  lately  hof- 
Uie  to  t;»c  United  States,  but*  by  the 
,  treaty 


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i}<  t 


treaty  of  Oneenvllle,  Auguft  3,  1795, 
they  yielded  to  them  the  ifland  de  Bois 
Blanc.    See  Six  Nations. 

Chepawyan  Fort^  is  fituated  on  a 
peninfula  at  tiie  S.  wcftem  end  of  Atha- 
pelcow  lake»  N.  lat.  58.  45.  W.  long, 
xzo.  18. 1  in  the  territory  of  the  Hud- 
ion  bay  ccunpany. 

Cnepelio,  an  illand  in  the  bay  of 
I^naraa,  S.  America,  and  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Parien,  3  miles  from  the  town 
of  Pananu,  and  Aippliesit  with  provi- 
^o!i8  and  fruits.  N.  Igt.  8. 46.  B.  long. 
So.  ts. 

CkfEPOORj  a  final!  Spanilh  town  on 
the  illhmu?  of  Darieii  and  Terra  Finna, 
in  S.  America,  feated  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  nanie»  6  leagues  irqna  the  fea.  Lat. 
io.  4».'loirg.  j-j.  50, 

Chequetan,  or  Seguataneia,  on  the 
eoaft  of  Mexico,  or  |^ew-Spain,  lies  7 
miles  weftward  of  the  rocks  of  Segua- 
taneio.  Between  this  and  Acapulco,  to 
the  eaftward,  is  a  beach  of  fknd  of  t| 
leagues  extent,  againl^  which  the  &a 
Ittreaks  £0  violently,  that  it  is  ImpoffiUe 
for  boats  to  land  on  any  part  of  it ;  but 
there  is  a  gooci  anchorage  for  fhipping 
at  a  mile  or  two  from  the  ihore,  during 
the  fair  feafon.  The  harbor  of  Qheque- 
tan  is  very  hard  to  be  traced,  and  of 
Jfreat  importance  to  fuch  vefiels  as  cKuife 
jn  thefe  feds,  beinj;  the  moft  fecure  har- 
bor to  be  met  with  in  a  vaft  extent  of 
coaft,  yielding  plenty  of  wood  and  wa- 
ter ;  and  the  ground  near  it  \s  able  to 
be  defended  by  a  few  men.  When 
Lord  Anfon  touched  here,  the  place 
was  uninhabited. 

Chera,  a  river  near  Colan,  in  the 
province  of  Quito,  ir  Peru,  running  to 
Amotage  j  from  whence  Paita  has  its 
frelh  water. 

Cheraws,  a  diftri<5t  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  having  N.  Caro- 
lina on  the  N.  and  N.  E. ;  Georgetown 
<iiftri<a  on  the  S.  E.  and  Lynche's  creek 
on  the  S.  W.  which  feparates  it  from 
Camden  diftri^.  Its  length  is  about  83 
tniles  and  its  breadth  63  ;  and  is  fubdi- 
vided  into  the  counties  of  Darlington, 
Chefterfield  and  Marlborough.  By  the 
cenfus  of  179^,  there  were  10,706  in- 
habitants, of  which  7618  were  white  in- 
liabitints,  the  reft  flaves.  It  fends  to 
the  ftatii  legidature  6  reprefentatives  and 
•  9  fenators  ;  and  in  conjundtion  with 
Georgetown  diftrid,  one  member  to 
Congrcfs.    This  dillrid  is  watered  by 


Great  Pedee  R.  and  a  number  of  finaller 
ftreams,  on  the  banks  of  which  the  land 
is  thickly  fettled  and  well  cultivated. 
The  chief  towns  are  Greenville  and 
Chatham.  The  court<houfe  in  this  dif* 
tridt  is  52  miles  from  Camden,  as  far 
from  Lumberton,  and  90  from  George- 
town.   The  mail  flops  at  this  place. 

Cherippe,  an  inconfiderable  village 
on  Terra  Firma,  from  which  the  mar- 
ket of  Panama  is  fumiihed  with  provi- 
fions  weekly. 

Cherokee,  the  ancient  name  of 
Tenneflee  R.  The  name  of  Tennefllec 
was  formeriy  confined  to  the  foutherh 
branch  which  empties  15  miles  abovd 
the  mouth  of  Clinch  R.  and  18  below 
Knoxville. 

Cherokees,  a  celebrated  Indian  na- 
tion, now  on  the  decline.  They  rcfidc 
in  the  northern  parts  of  Georgia,  and 
the  fouthem  part»  u'  the  ftate  of  Tcn- 
nefTee  ;  having  the  Apalachian  or  Che- 
rokee piountains  on  the  E.  which  fepai- 
rate  them  from  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  and 
TennefTee  R.  on  the  N.  and  W.  and  the 
Creek  Indians  on  the  S.  The  country 
of  the  Cherokees,  extending  weftwarq 
to  the  MifTifippi  and  northward  to  the 
Six  Nations,  was  fuhvndered,  by  treaty 
at  Weftminfter,  1739,  to  the  crown  of 
Great-Britain.  The  prefent  line  between 
them  and  the  ftate  of  TennefTee  is  not 
yet  fettled.  A  line  of  experiment  was 
drawn  in  1792,  from  Clinch  R.  acrofs 
fiolft^n  to  Chilhowee  mountain  ;  but 
the  Cherokee  commifTioncrs  not  appear- 
ing, it  is  called  a  line  of  experiment. 
The  comple^ioa  of  the  Cherokees  is 
brigjhter  than  that  of  the  neighboring 
Indians.  •  They  are  robuft  and  well 
made,  and  taller  than  many  of  their 
neighbors^;  being  generally  6  feet  high, 
a  few  are  more,  and  fpme  lefs.  Their 
women  are' tall,  ilcnder,  and  delicate. 
The  talents  and  morals  of  the  Chero- 
kees are  held  in  great  efteem.  They 
were  formerly  a  powcrfiii  nation  ;  but 
by  continual  wars,  in  which  it  has  been 
their  deftiny  to  be  engaged,' with  the 
northern  Indian  tribes,  andr  with  the 
whites,-  they  are  now  reduced  to  about 
1500  warriors  ;  and  they  are  becoming 
weak  and  pufillanimous.  Some  writers 
eftimate  their  numbers  at  ijoo  warriors. 
They  have  43  towns  now  inhabited. 

Cherry  FaUtyt  a  poft  town  in  Ott 
fego  CO.  New- York,  at  the  head  of  the 
creek  of  the  fame  name,  about  ii  miles 

N.E.of. 


•  15 


roffinaller 
ch  the  land 

cultivated, 
enville  and 

in  this  dif« 
den,  as  far 
3m  George- 
US  place, 
able  village 
:h  the  mar- 
with  provi- 

namc  of 
Tenneflec 
he  foutherri 
miles  above 
d  i8  below 

d  Indian  na- 
They  refide 
ieorgia,  and 
ate  of  Tcn- 
lian  or  Che- 
which  firpa- 
larolina,  and 
W.  and  the 
Che  country 
ig  weftward 
iward  to  the 
ed,  by  treaty 
the  cro«rn  of 
line  between 
nelTee  is  not 
leriment  was 
ich  R.  acrofs 
untain  ;  but 
s  not  appear- 
experiment. 
-herokees  is 
neighboring 
ft  and  well 
any  of  their 
r  6  feet  high, 
lefa.  Their 
uid  delicate, 
f  the  Chero- 
eem.  They 
nation  ;  but 
h  it  has  been 
:d,'  with  the 
idr  with  the 
:ed  to  about 
re  becoming 
Some  writers 
CO  warriors, 
nhabited. 
town  in  Ot^ 
head  of  the 
out  XI  miles 
N-.E.of 


CHE, 

K.  £•  of  Cooperftown,  and  x8  foutherly 

■pf  Conajohary,  6i  W:  of  Albany  and 

'336  fi-om  Pliiladelphia.      It  contains 

about  30  houles,  and  a  Prelbyterian 

jVhurch.    Thfre  is  an  academy  here, 

rvrhich  contained  in  1 796, 50  or  60  fchol- 

I  |rs.    It  is  a  fpacious  building,  60  feet  by 

Lo.    The  townfhip  is  veiy  large,  and 

iies  along  the  E.  fide  of  Otfego  lake  and 

its  outlet  to  Adiquatangie  creek.    By 

i*  he  ftate  cenfus  of  1796*  it  appears  that 
>a9  of  its  inhabitants  are  elecftors.    This 
Ifettlement  fuffercd  fevcrcly  from  the  In- 
fiians  in  the  late  war. 
'    Chesa?eak,  is  one  of  the  largeft  and 
si/afcft  bajrs  in  the  United  States.    Its 
.^entrance  is  neariy  £.  N.  E.and  S.S.  W. 
^■|l)etween  Cape  Charles,  lat.  37.  i%i  and 
I'jtape  Henry,  lat:  37.  m  Virginia,   xa 
[itniles  wide,  and  it  extends  %^o  miles  to 
flhe  northward,  dividing  Virginia  and 
[Maryland.    It  is  from  7  to  ig  miles 
Ijbroad,  and  generally  as  much  ap  9  fath- 
Eloms  deep  {  affording  many  commodi- 
I'ous  harbors,  and  a  fafe  and  eafy  nayiga- 
Jjtion.    It  has  many  fertile  iflands,  and 
p'thefe  are  generally  along  the  E.  fide  of 
•^1  the  bay,  except  a  few  fbjitary  ones  near 
1^1  ^he  weftcrh  Ihore.    A  number  of  navi- 
^"  j  gable  rivers  and  other  breams  empty 
[into  it,  the  chief  of  which  are  Sufque- 
fhanna,    Patapfco,    Patuxent,    Potow- 
mack,  Rappahannock,  and  York,  which 
.  j  are  all  lai^e  and  navigable.    Chefapeak 
I  bay  affords  many  excellent  iiiheries  of 
%  herring  and  (had.    There  are  alfo  excel- 
lent crabs  and  oyfters. '  It  is  the  refort  of 
I  fwans,  but  is  more  particularly  remark- 
.  able  for  a  fpecies  of  wild  duck,'  called 
cnnvajbackt  whofe  flelh  is  entirely  free 
:  from  any  fifli)r  tafte,  and  is  admired  by 
epicures,  for  its  richnefs  and  delicacy. 
In  a  commercial  point  of  view,  this  bay 
is  of  immenfe  .idvantage  to  the  neigh- 
boring ftates,  particularly  to  Virginia. 
Of  that  ftate  it  has  been  obferved,  with 
fonj^  little  exaggeration,  however,  that 
♦'  e.ei  y  planter  has  a  river  at  his  door." 
Cheesadav/d  Lake,  about  aio miles 
N.  E.  by  E.  cf  the  Canadian  houfe,  on 
the  E.  end  ot  Slave  lake,  in  the  Hudfon 
bay  company's  territory ;  is  about  35 
iTiilcs  in  length  and  the  lame  in  breadth, 
its  weftem  ihore  is  mountainous  and 
rocky. 

Cheshire  Co.  in  New-Hampfliire, 
lies  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  ftate,  on  the 
K.  bank  of  Connc(fticut  river.  It  has 
the  ftate  of  MafTacbMfetts  on  thp  fouth, 


'  ,;:'v-.-      ..CHE 

Grai^on  co.  on  the  N.  and  HilUborong^ 
CO.  £.  It  has  34  tovmlhips,  of  which 
Charleftown  and  Ke^ne  are  the  chic^ 
and  a8,77a  inhabitants,  includmg  z6 
flaves. 

Cheshire,  a  townfhip  in  Berklhii-e 
CO.  MafTachufctts  ;  fiunous  for  its  good 
cheefe  ;  140  miles  U.  wefterly  from, 
Boftcn,. 

Cheshire,  a  townfhip  in  Iffew-Hav- 
en  CO.  Conoedicut,  i  j  tijilcs  N.  of  New- 
Haven  city,  and  a6  S.  W.  of  Hartford. 
It  contains  an  Epifcopal  church  and 
academy,and3  Congregational  churches, 

Chesnut  HilU  a  townfliip  inNorth-« 
ampton  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Chesnut  CW/i,  a  branch  of  the 
Great  ICanhaway,  in  Virginia,  where  it 
croffes  the  Carolina  line.  Here,  it  is 
faid,  are  iron  mines. 

Chesnut  l?i</^<'.  Part  of  the  Alleg- 
hany mountains,  iu  Pennfylvania,  are 
thus  called,  S.  eaftward  of  Greenfbo- 
ix)ugh. '  ^' 

Chester,  a  townfhip  in  Lunenburg 
CO.  Nova-Scotia,  on  l^lahone  bay,  fet- 
tled originally  by  a  few  families  from 
New-Englana.  From  hence  to  Wind- 
for  is  a  road,  the  diftance  of  %%  miles. 

Chester,  a  fmall  plantation  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Maine,  9  miles  from  Titcomb* 
It  has  8  or  9  fatnilies. 

Chester,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  adjoining  Weftfield 
on  the  B.  and  about  ao  miles  N.  W.  of 
Springfield.  It  contains  177  houfes, 
and  11x9  inhabitants. 

Chester,  a  large,  pleafant,  and  ele- 
vated townfhip  in  Rockingham  CQt 
ifew-Hampfhire.  It  is  ai  miles  in 
lengtli  ;  and  on  the  W.  fide  is  a  pretty 
large  lake,  which  fends  its  waters  to 
Merrimack  R.  It  was  incorjiorated  in 
ijza,  and  contnins  1902  inhabitants, 
WTib  are  chiefly  farmers.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  E.  fide  of  Merrimack  R.  14  miles 
N.  W.  of  Haverhill,  as  far  W.  of  Exe- 
ter, 30  W.  by  S.  of  Portfmoiith,  6 
northerly  of  Londonderry,  and  306  from 
Philadelphia.  Erom  the  compadl  part 
of  this  town  there  is  a  gentle  defcent  to 
the  fea,  which,  in  a  clear  day,  may  be 
feen  from  thence.  It  is  a  poft  town* 
and  contains  about  60  houfes  and  a 
Congregational  church. 

Rattlefnake  hill,  in  this  townfhip,  is' 

a  great  curiofity  :  it  is  half  a  mile  in 

diameter,  of  a  circular  form,  and  400 

fert  high,    pn  Uie  S.  fide,  10  yards 

'  •  froni 


I 


I' 

W: 
\  ■ 

\ 

r 
( 


ffl 


'  (i 


!r 


I 


I 


■"  1   ■  (1 

■ '   "11 


?-H- 


hU> 


I W  1 


Av  .^  CHE 

from  its  bafe,  is  the  entrance  of  a  cave, 
called  the  Devil's  Den,  which  is  a  room 
J  5  or  ao  feet  fquare,  and  4  feet  high, 
floored  and  circled  by  a  regular  rock, 
from  the  upper  part  of  which  are  de- 
pendent many  excrefcenccs,  nearly  in 
the  form  and  fizc  of  a  pear,  which,  when 
approached  by  a  torch,  throw  out  a 
a  fparlding  luttre  of  almoft  every  hue. 
It  is  a  cold,  dreary  place,  of  which 
many  frightful  ftories  are  told  by  thofe 
who  delight  in  the  marvellous. 

Chester,  a  townlhip  in  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Springfield,  and  11 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Charkftown,  in  New- 
Hampihire,  and  contains  981  inhabit- 
ants. 

Chester,  a  borough  and  poft  town 
in  Peni>fylvania,  and  the  capital  of  Del- 
aware CO.  pleafantly  fituated  on  the 
W,  fide  of  Delaware  R.  near  Marcus 
Hook,  and  13  miles  N.  E.  of  Wilming- 
ton. It  contains  about  60  houfes,  built 
on  a  regular  plan,  a  court-houfe  and  a 
gaol.  From  Chefter  to  Philadelphia  is 
ao  miles  by  water,  and  15  N.  E.  by 
land  ;  here  tlie  river  is  narrowed  by  il]- 
fjnds  of  marihjwhich  are  generally  bank- 
ed, and  turned  into  rich  and  immenfely 
valuable  meadows.  The  firft  colonial 
aflembly  was  convened  here,  the  4th  of 
December,  1682.  The  place  atfords 
genteel  inns  and  good  entertainment, 
and  is  the  refort  of  much  company  from 
the  metropolis,  during  the  fummer  fea- 
fon.  It  was  incorporated  in  December, 
1795,  and  is  governed  by  a  burgefles, 
a  conftable,  a  town-clerk,  and  3  affift- 
^nts  ',  whofe  power  is  limited  to  pre- 
serve the  peace  and  order  of  the  place. 

Chester  C'o.  in  Pennfylvania,  W. 
of  Delaware  co.  and  S.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia ;  about  45  miles  in  length,  and  30 
in  breadth.  It  cpntains  .53  townfhips, 
of  which  Weft- Chefter  is  the  lliire  town, 
and  3  7,937  inhabitants,  of  whom  J45 
are  Jlavcs.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  the 
northern  parts,  which  employs  6  forges. 
Thefe  manufafture  about  1000  tons  of 
bar  iron  annually. 

Chester  Court-Honfe,  in  S.Caroli- 
na, 22  miles  S.  of  Pinckney  court-houfe, 
V^A  s%  N.  W.  of  Columbia.  A  poft- 
office  is  kept  here. 

Chester  R.  a  navigable  water  of 
the  eaftern  fhore  of  Maryland,  which 
rifes  two  miles  within  the  line  of  Dela- 
ware ftatc,  by  two  fourccs,  Cyprus  and 
Anflover  creeks,  which  unite  at  Bridge- 


'-      «  H  E 

town  ;  runs  nearly  S.  weftward  ;  after 
paffing  Chefter  it  runs  S.  neariy  3  mile«, 
when  it  receives  S.  E.  creek,  and  i? 
miles  farther,  in  a  S.  W.  direction,  it 
empties  into  Chefapeak  bay,  at  Love 
point.  It  forms  an  ifland  at  its  mouth, 
and  by  a  channel  on  the  £.  fide  of  Kent 
I.  communicates  with  Eaftern  bay.  It 
is  propoi'ed  to  cut  a  canal,  about  ir 
miles  long,  from  Andover  creek,  a  mile 
and  an  half  from  Bridgetown,  to  Sallf. 
bury,  on  Upper  Duck  creek,  which 
falls  into  Delaware  at  Hook  ifland. 

Chester,  a  fmall  town  in  8hannan. 
doah  CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point 
of  land  formed  by  the  junction  of  Al- 
len's or  North  R.  and  South  R.  which 
form  the  Shannando'ah  ;  1 6  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Winchefter.  N.  lat,  39.  a.  W. 
long.  78.  22. 

Chester  Co.  in  Pinckney  diftrift, 
S.  Carolina,  lies  in  the  S.  E.  comer  of  j 
the  diftrid,  on  Wateree  R.  and  contains 
6866  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  5866  arc 
whites,  and  938  flaves.  It  fends  two 
reprefentatives,  but  no  fenator,  to  the 
ftate  legiflature. 

Chester,  a  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  S.W.bank 
of  James  R.  i.if  miles  N.  of  Blandford, 
and  6  S.  of  Richmond. 

Chesterfield,  a  town/hip  in 
Hampdiire  co.  Maftachufetts,  14  miles 
W.  of  Northampton.  It  contains  i8» 
houfes,  and  1 1 83  inhabitants. 

Chesterfield,  a  towniliip  in  Chc- 
ftiire  CO.  Now-Hampftiire,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  Conne<5licut  R.  having  Weft- 
moreland  N.  and  Ilinfdalc  S.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1752,  and  contains  1905 
inhabitants.  It  lies  about  J5  mijes  S.  by 
W.  of  Charleftown»  and  about  90  or 
100  W.  of  Portfmouth.  About  the 
year  173c,  the  ganifon  of  fort  Dummer 
was  alarmed  with  frequent  explofions 
and  withcolumns  of  fire  and  finoke  emit- 
ted from  Weft  river  mountain,  in  this 
townlhip,  and  4  miles  diftant  from  that 
fort.  The  like  appearances  have  been 
oblerved  at  various  times  fince  ;  par- 
tic;i}arly  one  in  1753,  was  the  moft  k- 
vere  of  any.  There  are  two  places, 
where  the  rocks  bear  marks  of  having 
been  heated  and  calcined. 

Chesterfield  Co.  in  S.  Carolina, 
is  in  Cheraws  diftri<5t,  on  the  N.  Caro- 
lina line.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and 
29  broad. 

Chesterfield  Co.  in  Virginia,  is 

bctwecu 


!  at  its  mouth. 


|nal,  about  ir 
•  creek,  a  mile 
own,  to  Salif. 
creek,  which 


jundiion  of  AI, 
Quth  R.  which 


of  Blandford,     f  j 


C  H  E 

between  James  and  Appamatix  rivers. 
It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and  25  broad  ; 
and  contains  i4,»i4  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 7487  Hayes. 

.    Chesterfield  Inlet,  on  the  W.  fide 

of  Hudfon  bay,  in  New  South  Wales, 

upwards  of  aoo  miles  m  length,  and 

from  10  to  30  in  breadth — full  of  iflands. 

Chestertown,  apofttownandthe 

t  capital  of  Kent  co.  Maryland,  on  the  W. 

Ude  of  Chefter  U.  16  miles  S.  W.  of 

JeorgetoWiJ,  38  E.  by  S.  from  Balti- 

(lore,  and  81  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

:  contains  about  140  houfes,  a  church, 

_  allege,  court-houfe,  and  gaol.    The 

college  was  incorporated  in  178a,  by 

I  the  name  of  fVaJbington.    It  is  under 

'the  diredion  of  24  tniftees,  who  are 

empowered  to  fupply  vacancies  and 

hold  ellates,  who*''*  yearly  value  fhall 

not  exceed  ;^.6,ooo  currency.   In  1 787, 

it  had  a  permanent  fund  of  £.i,tso  a 

year  f-^ttied  unon  it  by  law.    N.  lat.  39. 

la.  W  long.  75.57. 

Chetimachas.  The  Chetimachas 
fork  is  an  outlet  of  MifTilippi  R.  in  Lou- 
ifiana,  abotit  30  leagues  above  New- 
Orleans,  and  after  running  in  a  fouther- 
ly  diredion  about  8  leagues  from  that 
river,  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of 
which  runs  S.  wefterly,  and  the  other 
S.  eafterly,  to  the  diftance  of  7  leagues, 
when  they  both  empty  tlveir  wata's  into 
the  Mexicnn  gulf.  On  the  Chetimachas, 
i  leagues  from  tlie  Miflilippi,  there  is  a 
fettlement  (^Indians  of  the  fane  name ; 
and  thus  far  it  is  uniformly  100  yards 
broad,  and  from  a  to  4  fathoms  deep, 
when  the  water  is  loweft.  Some  drifted 
logs  have  formed  a  ihoal  at  its  mouth 
«n  the  Miflifippi  j  but  as  the  water  is 
deep  under  them,  they  could  be  eafily 
removed  j  and  the  Indians  fay  there  is 
nothing  to  impede  navigation  from  their 
village  to  the  gulf.  The  banks  are 
more  elevated  than  thofe  of  the  Mifli- 
fippi, and  in  fome  places  are  fo  high  as 
never  to  be  overflowed.  The  natural 
productions  are  the  fame  as  on  the  Mifli- 
fippi, but  the  foil,  from  the  extraordina- 
ry fize  and  compadnefs  of  the  canes,  is 
(uperior.  If  meafures  were  adopted 
and  purfued  with  a  view  to  improve 
this  communication,  there  would  foon 
be,  on  its  banks,  the  moil  profpcrous 
and  important  fettlemcnts  in  that  col- 
ony. 

Chetimachas,  Grand  Lake  of, 
k  Louifiana^ncar  the  mouth  of  theMifli- 


c  n  I 

fippi,  h  a4  miles  long,  and  9  bi'oad^^ 
Lake  de  Portage,  which  is  13  mile* 
long,  and  tl^  broad,  communicates  with 
this  lake  at  the  northern  end,  by  a  ftrait 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide*  The  coun- 
try bordering  on  thefe  lakes,  is  low  and 
flat,  timbered  with  cyprefs,  live  jind 
other  kinds  of  oak ;  and  on  the  eaftern 
fide,  the  land  between  it  and  the  Cha- 
falaya  R.  is  divided  by  innumerable 
ftreams,  which  occafion  as  n>any  iflands.r 
Some  of  thefe  ftreams  are  navigable.  A 
little  diftance  from  the  S.  eailem  fliore. 
of  the  lake  Chetimachas,  is  an  ifland 
where  perfons  pafling  that  way  gene- 
rally halt  as  a  refting  place.  Nearly  op- 
pofite  this  ifiand,  there  is  an  opening 
which  leads  to  the  fea.  It  is  about  15  a 
yards  wide,  and  has  j6  or  17  fathonv 
water.  .    . 

Chettenham-,  a  towniliip  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Chiametlan,  a  maritime  province 
of  Mexico,  in  N.  America,  witii  a-town- 
of  the  fame  name,  faid  to  be  37  leagues 
either  way,  from  N.  to  S.  or  from  E.  to' 
W.  It  is  very  fertile,  contains  miner 
of  filver,  and  produces  a  great  deal  o( 
honey  and  wax.  The  native  Indians 
are  well  made  and  warlike.  The  river 
St.  Jago  empties  into  the  fea  here,  N. 
W.  from  the  point  of  St.  Bias.  The 
chief  town  is  St.  Sebaftian. 

Chiapa,  a  river  and  inland  province 
of  Mexico  or  New-Spain,  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Mexico.  This  province  is  bound- 
ed by  Tabafco  on  the  N. ;  by  Yucatan 
N.  E. ;  by  Soconufco  S.  E. ;  and  by 
Vera  Paz  on  the  E.  It  is  8j  leagues 
from  E.  to  W.  andabovit  30  where  nar- 
roweftfbut  fome  parts  are  near  100.  It 
abounds  with  great  woods  of  pine,  cy- 
prefs, cedar,  oak,  walnut,  wood-vines, 
aromatic  gums,  balfams,  liquid  amber, 
tacamahaca,  copal,  and  others,  that 
yield  pure  and  fovereign  bal&ms ;  alfo 
with  com,  cocoa,  cotton  and  wild  co- 
chineal ;  pears,  apples,  quinces,  &C' 
Here  they  have  achiotte,  which  the 
natives  mix  with  their  chocolate  to  give 
it  a  bright  color.  Chiapa  abounds  with 
cattle  of  all  forts ;  it  is  famous  for  a 
fine  breed  of  horfes,  fo  valuable,  that 
they  fend  their  colts  to  Mexico,  though 
500  miles  off.  Beafts  of  prey  are  here 
in  abundance,  with  foxes,  rabbits,  and 
wild  hogs.  Iii  this  province  there  is 
variety  of  fnakes,  particularly  in  the  liilly 
partS)  fome  of  which  are  faid  to  be  20 

' >-•  -  .  -  ■•    -.  -^  ,.vj^.    •  fff^- 


If 


S  !■ 


■if 


M 


ill 

i 

m 

i 

Hill 

M 

ffli 

m 

WL 

JqI 

CHI 

feet  long,  others  of  a  curious  red  cotor, 
and  (Ireaked  with  white  and  black, 
which  the  Indians  tame,  and  even  put 
them  about  their  hecks.  Here  are  two 
principal  towns  called  Chiapa.  The 
Chiapefe  are  of  a  fair  complexion,  cour- 
teoufi,  great  matters  of  mufic,  painting 
and  Mechanics,  and  obedient  to  their 
fuperiors.  The  prindpal  river  is  that 
of  Chiapa,  which,  running  fiom  the  N. 
thro*  the  countiy  of  the  Qnelcncs,  at  lafl 
fells  into  the  fea  atTabafccr.  Itis  well  wa- 
tered ;  and  by  means  of  Chiapa  R'.  they 
<arry  on  a  pretty,  briflt  trade  with  the 
neighboring  prccvinces,  which  chiefly 
conftds  in  cochineal  and  filk  ;'  in  which 
kft  commodity  the  Indians  employ  their 
wives  for  making  handkerchiefs  of  all 
eolorsy  which  are  bought  up  by  .the 
Spaniwls  and  fent  to  Eui-ope.  T ho* 
the  Spaniards  reckon  this  one  of  their 
pooreft  provinces  in  America,  as  having 

So  mines  or  fand  of  gold,  nor  any  har- 
or  on  the  South  Sea,  yet  in  fize  it  id  in- 
ferior to  none  '•ut  Guatim'ala.  belides, 
it  is  a  plficc  o  ^'reat  impprtance  to  thie 
Spaniards,  becaufe  the  ftrength  of  all 
their  empire  in  America  depends  on  it ; 
and  into  it  is  an  eafy  entrance  by  the 
river  Tabafco,  Puerto  Real,  and  it^  vi- 
cinity to  Yucatan. 

CutAPA,  the  name  of  two  towns  in 
the  above  province  ;  the  one  is  fomc- 
times  called  Chudad  Real,  or  the  Royal 
city,  and  the  other  Chiapa  de  los  Indos, 
inhabited  by  Spaniards.  Cividad  Real 
is  a  bifhop*s  fee,  .1'nd  the  feat  of  the  ju- 
<£cia}  courts.  It  is  delightfully  fituated 
on  a  plain,  furrounded  with  mountains, 
and  almoft  equally  diftant  from  the  N. 
and  S.  feaK,  and  loo  leagues  N.  W.  from 
Guatimala.  The  bifhop's  revenue  is 
8000  ducats  a  year.  The  place  is  neither 
populous  nor  rich  ;  and  the  Spanifli 
jcntry  here  are  become  a  proverb  on 
account  of  their  pride,  ignofance,  and 
poverty.  It  has  feveral  monafttries  j 
and  the  cathedral  is  an  elegant  ftrudture. 
This  city  is  governed  by  magiftrates 
chofen  amongit  the  burgefles  of  the 
town,  by  a  particular  privilege  granted 
them  by  the  king  of  Spain.  N.  lat.  17. 
W.  long.  96.  40. 

The  other  town,  called  Chiapa  de  los 
Indosy  that  is,  as  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians, is  the  largefl  they  have  in  this 
country,  and  lies  in  a  valley  near  the 
river  Tabafco,  which  abounds  with  fifh, 
and  is  u.bout  12  leagues  N.  W.  of  Chia- 


C  H  I 

pa,  or  Cividad  Real".  The  celebrated 
Bartholomew  de  las  Cafae,  the  friend  of 
mankind,  was  the  flrft  bifliop  of  Chiapa ; 
and  having  complained  to  the  court  of 
Madrid  of  the  cnielties  of  the  Span- 
iards here,  procured  the  ^)Cople  great 
privileges,  and  an  exemption  from  11a. 
very.  This  is  a  very  large  and  rich 
pLice,  with  many  Cloifters  andchurchi;, 
in  it,  and  no  town  has  fo  many  Dom 
of  Indian  blood  as  this  Chiapa.  On  the 
river  they  have  feveral  boats,  in  which 
they  often  exhibit  fea-fights  and  fiegcs. 
In  the  environs  are  feveral  farms  well 
ftocked  with  cattley  and  fome  fugar 
plantations.  Wheat  is  brought  here 
from  fhe  Spanifh  Chiapa,  and  of  it  they 
make  hard  bifcuit,'  which  the  poorer 
'  Spaniards  and  Indians  carry  about  and 
exchange  for  cotton  wool,  or  fuch  littl« 
things  as  they  want.'  There  are  about 
20,000  Indians  in  this  town. 

Chicapee,  or  Chickabefi  a  fmall  riv- 
er in  MafTachufetts,  which  rifes  from 
feveral  ponds  in  Worcefter  co.  and  run- 
ning S.  W.  unites  with  Ware  river,  anrf 
6  niiles  further  empties  into  the  Connec- 
ticiit  at  Sps^ngfield,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
that  river. 

Chiccamogoa,  a  large  creek  which 
runs  N.  weflerly  into  Tcnneflee  river. 
Its  mouth  is  6  rniles  above  the  Whirl, 
and  about  37  S.  W.  fi^m  the  mouth  of 
the  HiwafTee.  N.  lat.  .^5.  18.  The 
ChJciamogga  Indian  towns  lie  on  this 
creek,  and  on  the  bank  of  the  TennefTee, 
See  Chickamages. 

CHicHESTER,i^/(rrandZo<u;fr,two 
fownfliips  in  Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Chichester,  a  fmajl  townlhip  in 
Rockingham  co.  New-Hamplhire,  about 
.^5  miles  N.  W.  of  Exeter,  and  45  from 
Portfmouth.  It  lies  on  Suncook  R. ; 
was  incorporated  in  1727,  andcontaini 
49ri  inhabitants. 

CHiCKAHOMihrv,'  a  fmall  navigable 
river  in  Virginia.  At  its  mouth  in 
James  river,  3  7  miles  from  Point  Com- 
fort, in  Chefapeak  bay,  is  a  bar,  on 
wliich  is  only  i%  feet  water  at  common 
flood  tide.  Veflels  paflihg  that,  may 
go  8  miles  up  the  river ;  thefe  of  10 
feet  draught  i»  miles ;  and  veflTels  of  6^ 
tons  burden  may  go  3*  miles  up  the 
river. 

Chickamacomico  Creeki  in  Dor* 
chefter  co.  Maryland,  runs  foutherly  be* 
tween  the  towns  of  Middletown  and 
Vienna,  and  empties  into  Filhing  bay. 

CHICKAMAGtS, 


he  celebrated 

.8,  the  friend  of 

opofChiapa; 

:o  the  court  of 

of  the  Span- 

le  ^>eople  great 

ption  from  lla. 

large  and  rich 

rs  and  Churches 

fo  many  Dom 

hiapa.    On  the 

Iboats,  in  which 

Ights  and  iiegcs, 

eral  farms  well 

Ind  fome  fugar 

Is  brought  her* 

|a,  and  of  it  they 

lich  the  poorer 

Jcarry  about  and 

ol,  or  fuch  Httlt 

'here  are  about 

own. 

ahff,-  a  fmall  riv- 
/hich  rifes  from 
fter  CO.  and  run- 
Ware  river,  anrf 
into  the  Connec- 
the  B.  bank  of 

irge  creek  which 
Tenneflee  river, 
bove  the  Whirl, 
om  the  mouth  of 
t.  .^5.  18.  The 
owns  lie  on  this 
oftheTennefTee. 

■  and  Loiver,  two 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 
mil  townihip  in 
iamplhire,  about 
Iter,  and  45  from 
)n  Suncook  R. ; 
ra7,  and  contaiiii 

fmartl  navigable 
it  its  mouth  in 
rom  Point  Com- 
ly,  is  a  bar,  on 
rater  at  common 
iflihg  that,  may 
rer ;  thefe  of  10 
I  and  velTels  of  d 
]z  miles  up  the 


'^. 


CHI 

Chickamages, apart  oftheChero- 
:e  nation  of  Indians,  known  by  this 
inhabit  5  villages  on  Tenneflee 
ivcr.     See  Cbiccamogga, 
CHiciiASAW  Bluff'y  is  on  the  eaftem 
M>k  of  the  Miffifippi,  within  the  terri- 
ies  of  the  United  States,  in  N.  lat.35. 
le  Spaniards  eredted  here  a  Itrong, 
ikaded  fort,  with  cannon,  and  fur- 
led it  with  troops,  all  in  the  fpace  of 
hours,  in  the  month  of  June,  1795. 
las  fincc  been  given  up  according  to 
treaty  of  1796. 

HicKASAW,  a  creek  which  falls  in- 
le  Wabafh  from  the  E.  a  little  be- 
Poft  St.  Vincent. 
[Chickasaw,  a  river  which  empties 
to  the  Miffifippi,  on  the  E.  fide,  104 
i(is  N.  from  the  mouth  of  Margotj 
d  67  S..W.  of  Mine  au  fer.  The  lands 
Ire  are  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  cov- 
fd  with  a  variety  of  ufeftil  timber, 
ics,  &c.  This,  river  may  be  afcend- 
during  high  floods  upwards  of  30 
les  with  boats  of  feveral  tons  bui-den. 
^CHiCKAsAWsi  a  famous  nation  of 
lians,  who  inhabit  the  country  on  the 
Iji  lide  of  the  Miffifippi,  on  the  head 
inches  of  the  Tombigbee,  Mobile  and 
^zoo  rivers,  in  the  N.  W.  corner  of 
ftate  of.Georgictj  and  N.  of  the  coun- 
of  the  Chadtawsi  Their  country  is 
extenfive  plain,  tolefably  well  water- 
from  fprings,  and  of  a  pretty  good 
il.  They  have  7  towns,  the  central 
ic  of  which  is  in  N.  lat.  7,^.  2.1.  W.long. 
30.  The  number  of  fouls  in  this 
lli^tiou  has  been  formerly  reckoned  at 
'^"^a?,  of  which  575  were  lighting  men. 
jhcre  arc  fome  negroes  among  the 
lickafaws,  who  cither  were  taken  cap- 
re  in  war,  or  ran  away  from  their  maf- 
ha,  and  fought  fattty  among  the  In- 
laiis. 

In  1539,  Ferdinand  de  Soto,  with  900 
yin,  befides  feamen,  fuiled  from  Cuba 
ith  a  defign  to  conquer  Tlorida.    He 
ivelled  nortiiward  to  the  Chickafaw 
luntry,  about  lati  35.  or  36* ;   and  3 
:aib  after  died,  and  was  buried  on  the 
ink  of  Mifiilippi  river. 
Chicomuzeloj  a  town  in  the  pro- 
ice  of  Chiapa,  in  New-Spain,  having 
cave  very  narrow  at  tlie  entry,  but 
>acious  within,  with  a  ftagnant  lake, 
'hich  is,  however,  clear,  and  is  a  tath- 
|ms  deep  towards  the  banks. 
Chihemecomet  IJland,   or  Chick- 
linock-ciumnockyon  the  coail  of  Noith- 
(Ni) 


C  H  I 

Carolina,  lies  between  Roanoke  ilUnd 
and  the  northern  entrance  into  Pamlico 
found. 

Chihohoeki,  an  Indian  nation  who 
were  confederates  of  the  Lenopi  or  Del- 
awares,  ■and  inhabited  the  wcftern  bank 
of  Delaware  R.  which  was  anciently 
called  by  their  name.  Their  fouthcm 
boundary  was  Duck  creekj  in  Newcaf- 
tle  county. 

Chikaoo  R.  empties  into  the  S.  W. 
end  of  lake  Michigan,  where  a  fort  fot>- 
merly  flood.  .  Here  the  Indians  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  br  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  a  traift  of  land  6  miles 
fquare. 

Chignecto  Channeli  the  N.  weft- 
cm  arm  of  the  bay  of  Fund  y,  into  which. 
Petitcodiac  R.  falls.  The  fpring  tidea 
rife  here  60  feet. 

Chilapam,  a  town  in  New-Spain,  in 
the  countiy  of  the  Cohuixcas.  Between 
this  and  Tcoiltylan  is  an  entire  moun- 
tain of  loadftone.  / 

Chilca,  a  town  in  thejurifdidlionof 
Canette  in  Peru,  S.  America,  celebrated 
for  its  excellent  ialtpetre,  of  which  gun- 
powdtir  is  made  in  the  metropolis.  It 
abounds  with  plenty  of  fifh,  firuits,  pulfe, 
and  poultry,  in  which  it  carries  on  a 
very  confiderable  trade  with  Lima,  10 
leagues  diftant<  S.  lat.  1 2. 3 1.  W.  long* 
76.  J. 

Chili,  in  South- America,  is  bound- 
ed by  Peru,  on  the  N. ;  by  Paraguay  or 
La  Plata,  on  the  E  ;  by  Patagonia,  oil 
the  S. ;  and  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the 
W.  It  is  in  length  about  ia6o  miles, 
in  breadth  580 ;  between  25.  and  44.  S. 
lat.  and  between  65.  and  85.  W.  long. 
It  lies  on  both  fides  of  the  Andes.  Chili 
proper,  lies  on  the  W. ;  and  Cuyo  or 
Cutio,  on  the  E.  The  principal  towns 
in  the  former,  are  St.  Jago  and  Baldivia ; 
in  the  latter,  St.  John  de  Frontiera. 

The  climate  of  Chili,  is  one  of  the 
moft  delightful  in  the  world,  being  a 
rnedium  between  the  intenfe  heats  of 
the  torrid,  and  the  piercing  colds  of  the 
frigid  zones.  Along  the  coaft  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  they  tujoy  a  fine  tempe- 
rate air,  and  a  clear  lerene  fky,  moft 
part  of  the  year;  but  fometimes  the 
winds  that  blow  iVom  the  mountains,  in 
winter,  are  exceedingly  fharp.  There 
are  few  place  i  in  this  extenfive  country, 
where  the  foil  is  not  exuberantly  rich  ; 
and  were  its  natural  advanta^jcs  fecond- 
cdby  the  inJuftry  of  \X\c  inhabitants, 


c  H  r 


C  H  I 


m. 


H- 


Chili  would  be  the  moft  opulent  king- 
dom in  America 

The  horfes  and  mules  of  Chili,  are  in 
great  efteem,  particularly  the  former. 
Prodigious  numbers  of  oxen,  goats  and 
Iheep,  are  fattened  in  the  luxuriltit  paf- 
tures  of  Chili,  and  indeed  this  is  the 
only  part  of  hulbandry  to  which  the  in- 
habitantSpay  anyconfiderable  attention. 
An  ox  well  rattened,  may  be  purchai'ed 
fi>rfour  dollars.  Turkeys,  geefe,  and 
all  kinds  of  poultry,  are  found  here  in 
the  fame  profiifion.  The  coafts  abound 
with  many  excellent  fifli ;  there  are  alfo 
vaft  numbJers  of  whales  and  fea  wolves. 
Tlie  foil  produces  Indian  and  European 
com,  hemp,  grapes,  and  all  other  fruits. 
The  European  fruit  trees  are  obliged  to 
be  propped  to  enable  them  to  fuftaln 
tlie  weight  of  the  fruit.  Orange  trees 
are  in  bloom,  and  be<tr  fruit  throughout 
the  year.  Olives  alfo,  and  almond  trees, 
thrive  exceedingly  well ;  and  the  inhab- 
itants prcfs  a  kind  t>f  mufcadine  wine 
from  tho  grapes,  which  far  exceeds  any 
of  the  kind  made  in  Spain.- 

Mines  of  gold,  filver,  copper^  tin, 
quickfilver,  iron  and  lead,  abound  in 
this  country.  Vaft  quantities  of  gold 
are  waflied  down  from  the  mountains 
by  brooks  and  tcfrrents;  the  annual 
amount  of  which,  when  manufactured, 
is  eftimated  at  no  lels  than  800,000  dol- 
lars. 

Chili  has  always  had  commercial  con- 
nexions with  the  neighbouring  Indians 
on  its  frontiers,  with  Peru  and  Para- 
guay. The  Indians,  in  their  tran{a(fl- 
ions,  are  found  to  be  perfectly  honeft. 
Chili  fupplies  Peru  witlv  hides,  dried 
fruit,  copper,  fait  meaf,  horfes,  hemp, 
and  com  ;  and  recefves  in  exchange, 
tobacco,  fugar,  cocoa,  earthen  ware, 
fome  manufactures  made  at  Quito,  and 
fome  articles  of  luxury  brought  from 
Europe.  To  Paraguay  (he  fends  whic, 
brandy,  oil,  and  chiefly  gold;  and  re- 
ceives in  payment,  mules,  wax,  cotton, 
the  herb  of  Paraguay,  negroes,  &c. 
The  commerce  between  the  two  colo- 
nies is  not  carried  on  by  fea ;  it  hath 
been  found  more  expeditious,  fafer,  and- 
even  lefs  expenilve,  to  go  by  land, 
though  it  is  354  leagues  from  St.  Jago 
to  Buenos  Ayrcs,  and  more  than  40 
leagues  of  the  way  are  amidft  the  fnows 
and  precipices  of  the  Cordilleras. 

The  Indians  in  this  country  are  ftill 
in,  a  great  meafure  unconqaered ;  they 


live  fcattcred  in  the  dcfertiand  forcfti,' 
and  it  is  impoflibie  to  afcertain  thciv 
numbers.  Thofe  Indians,  which  arc 
not  fubjeCt  to  the  Spanilh  yoke,  are  vciy 
hoMift  in  their  commercial  tranfadions ; 
but,  like  aimoft  ail  other  Indians,  tiny 
arc  very  fond  of  fpirituous  liquors.  They 
live  in  fmall  huts,  which  they  build  in 
the  eourfe  of  a  day  or  two  at  farthcfl  ; 
and  which  they  abandon  vvhen  hard 
pullietl  by  an  enemy.  They  are  brave 
and  warlike,  and  all  the  attempts  of  the 
Spaniards  to  fuMue  them  have  proved 
ineffectual.  It  is  aimoft  equally  difficult 
to  afcertain  the  number  of  Spaniards  in 
Chili.  The  Abbe  Raynal  fays,  there 
are  40,000  in  the  city  of  St.  Jago  ;  if 
this  be  true,  the  aggregate  number  in  j 
all  the  provinces  of  Chili  muft  be  more 
confidtrable  than  hafl  been  generally  j 
fuppofed. 

St.  Jago  is  the  capital  of  this  country, 
and  the  feat  of  government.    The  com-  i 
mandant  there,  is  fubordinate  to  the  | 
ViceR)y  of  Peru,  in  all  matters  relating 
to  the  government,  to  the  finances,  and  I 
to  war ;  but  he  is  independent  of  him 
as  chief  adminiftrator  of  juftice,  and 
prefident  of  the  royal  audience.    Eleven  | 
inferior  officers,  dittributed  in  the  prov. 
ince,  are  charged,  under  his  orders,  with  I 
the   details  of  adminiftration.      Tliii 
countn,'  was  firft  dilcovered  by  Don  f 
Diego  d'Almagro,  in  rgts. 

Chilhowee  Mountain,  in  the  fouth. 
eaftern  part  of  the  ftate  of  TenneflVe,! 
and  betwcenitandtheCherokeccounlry.  [ 

CHinsxiUAQUE,  a  townlhip  on  Sul* 
q^iehanna:  R.  in  Pennfylvania. 

C'hu.i.akothe,  an  Indian  town  on; 
the  Great  Miami,  which  was  deftroycd 
in  1782  by  a  body  of  militia  from  Ktii- 
tucky.  Gen.  Harmar  Aippofes  this  to 
be  the  «*  Englilh  Tawixtwi,"  in  Hutch.  \ 
ins's  map.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  an 
old  fort,  and  on  both  fides  of  the  rivtr 
are  extenfive  meadows.  This  name  is 
applied  to  many  different  places,  in  hon- 
or of  an  influential  chief,  who  formerly 
headeil  the  Shawanoes.   See  TatuixtKi, 

Chillakothe,  Oldj  is  an  India» 
town  deftroyed  by  the  forces  of  the  U. 
S.  in  1780.  It  lies  about  3  miles  S.  of 
Little  Miami  R.  The  country  in  its  vi- 
cinity  is  of  a  rich  foil,  and  is  beautifulij 
chequered  with  meadows. 

CiiiLMARK,  atownlhipon  Martha's 
Vineyard  I.  Duke's  co.  Maffachufetts, 
containing  771  inhabitants.    It  lies  ^f 

inilci 


I  and  forcrtf,' 
[certain  thcii 
,  which  are 
oke,  are  very 
tranfadions  ; 
iidians,  tlay- 
iquors.  The/ 
they  build  in 
o  at  farthefl  ; 
when   hani 
ey  are  brave 
tempts  of  tl>e 
have  proved 
]uaUydifliculi  , 
if  Spaniards  in 
al  fays,  thcie 
"  St.  Jago  ;  if 
te  number  in  '■, 
muft  be  mor.'  | 
jeen  generally  i- 

>f  this  country. 

It.    The  com- 

rdinate  to  t!i<> 

natters  relatin ; ; 

le  finances,  and 

icndent  of  hiii) 

of  juftice,  and 

dience.    Eleven 

ted  in  the  prov. 

his  orders,  with 

ftration.     Thi»| 

>vered  by  Don 

/;/,  in  the  fouth. 
2  of  TtnncflVe,! 
itrokcccountry. 
:>wnlhip  on  Suf- 
vania. 

Indian  town  on  [. 
h  was  deftroyed  a 
ilitia  from  Ken- 1 
iippofes  this  to  ,| 
twi,"  in  Hutch, 
he  ruins  of  an 
ies  of  the  river 
This  name  is ! 
t  places,  in  hon- 
F,  who  formerlj' 
See  Tawixt-wi, 
3i  is  an  Indiai 
Forces  of  the  U. 
It  3  miles  S.  of 
lountry  in  its  vi- 
id  is  beautifullf 

rs. 

ip  on  Martha's 

Maflachufetts, 

\U,    It  lies  99 


CHI 

nXici  S.by  E.  of  Bofton.  See  Martba'j 
t'tneyard. 

Chiloc,  a  confiderablc  idand  of 
Chili,  S.  America,  the  S.  part  of  which 
is  divided  ftom  the  continent  by  a  nar- 
row fea,  and  the  continent  th<;re  forms 
a  bay  ;  it  is  fituated  between  4  a.  and 
44.  of  S.  latitude,  being  about  i.?o  miles 
in  length  and  ai  in  breadth.  The  ifl- 
and  produces  all  neceflary  provifions, 
excepting  wine,  and  quantities  of  am- 
bergris are  found  on  the  coaft.  It  has 
an  indiflerent  fort  called  Dhacao.  Caf- 
tro,  the  chief  town,  ftands  between  two 
brooks,  with  a  fniall  caftle  which  com- 
mandstheharbor.Ithasno  other  defence, 
and  the  huules  are  few  and  fcattered. 

C?::lloas,  a  juiifdidion  in  the  bifli- 
rprick  of  Tmxiilo,  in  S.  America. 

Chilques,  a  jurlfdiction  of  S.  Anjo- 
iica,  in  Peru,  fubjeft  to  the  bifliop  of 
Cufco,  8  leagues  S.  E.  from  that  city. 
Its  commerce  confifts  in  woolen  man- 
ufadlures,  grain  of  all  kinds,  cows,  (heep, 
&c. 

Chimbo,  a  jurifdjiftion  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Zinto,  in  S.  America,  in  the 
torrid  zone.  The  capital  is  alfo  called 
by  the  fame  name. 

Chimborazo,  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  is  the  higheft  point  of  the  Andes, 
and  the  higheft  mountain  as  yet  known 
in  the  world  ;  being,  according  to  Con- 
damine,  19,200  feet ;  according  to  oth- 
ers, 20,608  feet,  above  the  level  of  the 
fea.  It  lies  nearly  under  the  line»  being 
in  I.  41.  40.  8.  lat.  yet  its  tops  are  cov- 
ered with  ice  and  fnow,  and  the  coun- 
try adjacent  is  often  pierced  with  intol- 
erable cold  from  the  winds  which  blow 
from  the  mountain. 

Chimca,  a  large  and  pleafant  valley 
in  the  diocefe  of  Lima,  in  Peru.  Pi- 
zarro  defired  the  king  of  fjpain  that  this 
might  be  the  limits  of  his  government 
on  the  S.  and  that  the  river  St.  Jajjo 
ftiould  bound  it  on  the  N.  The  valky 
bears  good  wheat,  and  Spanifh  vines 
thrive  well  in  it. 

Chincacoca,  a  lake  in  Peru,  in  the 
town  of  Cuanuca. 

Chi  PA  WAS.    See  Chepanvas. 

Chippaway,  an  inconfiderable f^ace 
near  the  falls  of  Niagara,  jo  miles  from 
Queenftown. 

Chippewav  R.  runs  S.  weft  ward  in- 
to Miflifippi  ,R.  in  that  part  where  the 
influent,  waters  form  lake  Pepin,  in 
JjT.  lat.  44.  W.  long.  93.  ^4,  .^ ,  ^ 


C  HC 

ChirAGOW.     Sec  Plein  river, 

Chissel,  a  fort  in  the  ftatc  of  Ten- 
ncflcc,  24  miles  from  Bnglifli  ferr)-,  on 
New  river  ;  43  from  Abingdon,  and 
107  from  Long  illand,  on  Holfton. 

Chittenden  Co.  in  Vermont,  lies 
on  lake  Champlain,  between  Tranklin 
CO.  on  the  N.  and  Addifon  S.  ;  La 
Moille  river  pafTcs  through  its  N.  \\\ 
corner,  and  Onion  river  divides  it  near- 
ly in  the  center.  Its  chief  town  is  Bur- 
Imgton.  This  county  contained,  by 
the  cenfus  of  1.79X,  44  townfhips  and 
7301  inhabitints.  Since  that  time  the 
northern  counties  have  been  taken  from 
it,  fo  that  neither  its  fue  or  number  of 
inhabitants  can  now  be  afcertained. 

Chittenden,  a  tmvTiftiip  in  Rut- 
land CO.  Vermont,  contains  159  inhab- 
itants. The  road  over  the  mountain 
pafles  through  this  townfhip.  It  lies  7 
miles  E.  from  the  fort  on  Otter  creek, 
in  Pittsford,  and  about  60  N.  by  £. 
from  Bennington. 

Chitten£ngo,  or  Cana/erage^  a 
conftderatble  ftream  which  runs  norther- 
ly into  Lake  Oneida,  in  the  ftatc  of 
New- York. 

Chocolate  Creeks  a  head-water  of 
Tioga  R.  in  New- York,  whofe  mouth 
lies  10  miles  S.  W.  of  the  Painted  Poft. 

€hocoloco-ca,  which  the  Spaniards 
call  Caftro  Virreyna,  a  town  of  Peru,  60 
leagues  S.  eaftward  of  Lima,  is  very  fa- 
mous for  its  fllver  mines,  which  are  at 
the  top  of  a  great  mountain,  always 
covered  with  fiiow,  and  but  a  leagues 
from  the  town.  The  ftones  of  the  mine 
are  of  a  dark  blue  color ;  thefe  being 
calcined  and  powdered,  then  fteeped  in 
water  and  quickfilver,  the  -filth  is  fepa- 
rated  and  the  filver  melted  and  formed 
into  bai's.  Thefe  veins  are  not  very 
rich,  but  the  metal  is  very  fine.  They 
make  plenty  of  wine  here,  where  it  at- 
tains a  greater  degree  of  perfedlion,  ow- 
ing to  the  purenefs  of  the  air^  than  it  is 
obferved  to  have  clfewhere. 

Chocope,  a  town  in  the  jurifdiijtion 
of  Truxillo,  in  S- America,  in  Peru ;  14 
leagues  fouthward  of  St.  Pedro.  Here 
are  about  90  or  100  houfes,  and  about 
60  or  "JO  families,  chiefly  Spaniards,  witk 
fome  of  the  other  cafts,  but  not  above 
aj  Indian  families.  It  has  a  church 
built  of  brick,  both  large  and  decent. 
The  people  here  mention  a  rain  that 
fell  in  1726,  which  lafted  40  nights,  be- 
ginning conftantly  at4  or  j  in  &c  even- 
ing, 


\y.\ 


y 


^  »:! 


t  i 
I 


C  H  R 


C  H  R 


w  11 

m 

k 


!ng,  and  ceafing  at  the  fame  hour  next 
morning,  which  laid  moft  of  the  houfes 
in  ruins.    S.  lat.  7.  46. 

Chocorua,  a  mountain  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hampfhirc,  on  the  N.  line  of 
Strafford  co.  N.  of  Tamworth. 

Chocuito,  or  rather  Chucuito,  or 
T/'/i  Caca,  a  large  lake  near  Paria,  in  S. 
America,  and  in  Penj,  into  which  a 
griat  number  of  rivers  empty  thcm- 
iclvca.  It  is  «4o  miles  in  circumference, 
and  in  fome  parts  80  fathoms  deep ; 
yet  the  water  cannot  be  drank^  it  is  fo 
very  turbid.  It  alvjunds  in  filh,  which 
they  dry  and  lalt,  and  exchange  with 
the  neighboring  provinces  fqr  brandy, 
Avines,  meal,  or  money.  It  is  faid  the 
ancient  Yncas,  on  the  conqucft  of  Peru, 
by  the  Spaniardi:,  threw  into  this  lake, 
all  their  riches  of  gold  and  filver.  It 
was  this  lake  into  which  the  Ynca  Hu- 
ana  Capac,  threw  the  famous  chain  of 
gold,  the  value  of  which  was  immenfe. 
It  abounds  with  flags  and  rufhes,  of 
■which  Capac  Viipanchi,  the  fifth  Ynca, 
built  a  bridge,  for  tranfporting  his  army 
to  the  other  fide. 

Choiseul  jSajii  op  the  N.  W.  coaft 
oftheidands  6f  the  Arfacides,  W.  of 
Port  Prafiin.  The  inhabitants  on  this 
bay,  like  thofe  at  Port  Prafiin,  have  a 
ciw^om  of  powdering  th^ir  hair  with 
lime,  which  bums  it  and  gives  it  a  red 
appearance. 

Choptank,  a  large  navigable  river 
of  the  eaflcm  fhore  of  Maryland,  emp- 
tying into  Chefapeak  bay. 

Chowan  Co.  m  Edcnton  diftrid,  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Albemarle 
found.  It  contains  5 on  inhabitants, 
of  whom  2j88  are  flaves.  Chief  town, 
Edenton. 

Chowan  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  falls  into 
the  N.  W.  comer  of  Albemarle  found. 
It  is  3  miles  wide  at' the  mouth,  but 
narrows  faft  as  you  afcend  it.  It  is 
formed  5  miles  from  the  Virginia  line, 
by  the  confluence  of  Meherrin,  Notta- 
way,  and  Black  rivers,  which  all  rife  in 
Virginia.  ^ 

Christ  Church, a  pariih  in  Charlef- 
ton  diftrid',  S.  Carolina,  containing  2954 
inhabitants,  of  whom  566.  arc  whites, 
3377  Haves. 

Christiana,  a  poft  town  in  New- 
Caftle  CO.  Delaware,  is  fituated  on  a 
navigable  creek  of  its  name,  i»  miles 
from  Elkton,  9  S.  W.  of  Wilmington, 
and  37  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia.     The 


town,  confifting  of  about  fo  houfcj, 
and  a  Prefbytcrian  church,  ftands  on  \ 
declivity  which  commands  a  plcafan* 
profpcft  of  the  country  towards  the 
Delaware.  It  carries  on  a  brilk  tradp 
with  Philadelphia  in  flour.  It  is  the 
greateft  carrying  place  between  the  nav- 
tgablc  waters  of  the  Delaware  and  Chef- 
apeak  ;  which  are  13  miles  afunder  at 
this  place.  It  was  built  by  the  Swede", 
in  1640,  and  thus  called  after  their 
queen. 

Christiana  Creekt  on  \yhich  the 
above  town  is  fituated,  falls  into  Dela. 
ware  R.  from  the  S.  W.  a  little  below 
Wilmington. 

It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal  of  about 
9  miles  in  length,  in  a  8.  weftern  direc- 
tion from  this  creek,  at  the  town  of 
Chriftiana  (6  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  New- 
Caflle)  to  Elk  R.  in  Maryland,  about  a 
mile  below  Elkton.  Sec  Dfla<ware,  and 
Wilmington. 

Christiana,  Sr.one  of  the  Marque- 
fa  ifies,  called  by  the  natives  Waitahu, 
lies  under  the  fame  parallel  with  St. 
Pedro,  3  or  4  leagues  more  to  the  weft. 
Refolution  bay,  near  the  middle  of  the 
W.  fide  oi"  thf  ifland,  is  in  lat.  9.  ss- 
30.S.  long.  139.  8.  40  W.  from  Green- 
wich ;  and  the  W.  end  of  Dominica 
N.  15.  W.  Capt.  Cook  gave  this  bay 
the  name  of  his  fliip.  It  was  called  Port 
Madre  de  Dins  by  the  Spaniards.  This 
ifland  produces  cotton  of  a  fupcrior 
kind.  A  fipecimen  of  it  is  dcpofitcd  i'l 
the  ihufeum  of  the  Mafl'.  Hift.  Society. 

C  h  r  I  ST  I  an  s  nu  r  G,  the  chief  town  of 
Montgomery  co.  Virginia.  It  contains 
very  Ixw  houfes  ;  has  a  court-houfe  and 
gaol,  fituated  near  a  branch  of  Little  R. 
a  water  of  the  Kanhaway.   N.  lat.  37.  ;■. 

Chritianstf.d,  the  principal  towii 
in  the  ifland  of  Santa  Cruz,  fituated  on 
the  N.  fide  of  the  ifiand,  on  a  fine  har- 
lu)r.  It  is  the  relidence  of  the  Daiiilh 
govemor,  and  is  defended  by  a  ftone 
fortrefs. 

CjiRiSTMAs  JJland,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  lies  entirely  folitary,  nearly  equal- 
ly diftant  from  the  Sandwich  iOands  on 
the  N.  and  the  Marquefas  on  the  S.  It 
was  fo  named  by  captain  Cook,  on  ac- 
count of  his  firft  landing  there,  on 
Chrift^mas  day.  Not  a  drop  of  frefh 
water  was  found  by  digging.  A  fhip 
touching  at  this  delolate  ifie  muft  ex- 
peft  nothing  but  turtle,  filh,  and  a  few 
birds.    It  is  about  ij  or  ao  leagues  wi 

circumfc'renccj 


C  H  U 


go  hoiifcj. 

ftands  on  j 
s  a  picalanf 
towards  the 
a  brifk  trade 
It  is  th? 
vcen  the  nav- 
are  and  Chef- 
8  aliinder  at 
f  thf  Swedes 

after  their 

which  the 
11a  into  Del;i. 
a  little  below 

anal  of  about 
vcftern  dircc 
the  town  of 
W.  of  New- 
land,  about  a 
)elatware,  and 

f  the  Marqiu'- 
ves  Waitahu, 
dlcl  with  St. 
c  to  the  weft, 
middle  of  the 

in  lat.  9.  55. 
,  from  Green- 

of  Dominic.i 
gave  this  bay 
^as  called  Poii 
niards.  This 
jf  a  fuperior 
R  depolitcd  i'l 
Hift.  Society. 
chief  town  of 
,  It  contains 
iirt-boiife  and 
:h  of  Little  R. 

N.  lat.  37._r. 
rincipal'  towii 
/,  fitiiated  on 
iri  a  tine  har- 
•f  the  Daiiilh 
d  by  a  ftone 

the  Pacific 
nearly  equiil- 
ich  iflands  on 
on  the  S.  It 
I^ook,  on  ac- 
g  there,  o\i 
rop  of  frefli 
;ing.  A  Ihip 
ifle  muft  ei- 
h,  and  a  few 
o  leagues  m 
•cumfc'renccj 


jlircumfcrence,  and  bounded  by  a  reef 
of  coral  roclts,  on  the  W.  fide  of  which 
there  is  a  bank  of  line  find,  extending  a 
mile  into  the  fea,  and  affording  good 
anchorage.      N.  lat.  i.  59.  W.  long. 

Christmas  Sotmt/, «n  Terra  del  1  u- 
fgo,  South  America,  in  N.  lat.  55.21. 

W.long.  69.  .?:• 

Christophers,  St.  an  iliandinthc 
Wert-Indics, belonging  to  Great-Britain, 
commonly  called,  by  the  failors,  St. 
Kitts  ;  by  the  ancient  Indians,  Ay-ay  ; 
and  by  the  Charaibes,  Liamniga,  or  the 
fertile' iiland,  ia  fitui'ttd  in  N.  lat.  17. 
W.  long.  6j.  ;  and  ia  io  miles  long  and 
7  broad,  containing  about  80  fquarc 
milcS.  It  was  difcovered  in  November, 
/493,  by  Columbus  himfelf,  who  was 
fo  pleafed  with  its  appearance,  that  he 
honored  it  with  his  own  chriftian  name  ; 
but  it  was  neither  planted  nor  poflelTed 
by  the  Spaniards.  It  is,  however,  the 
oldeft  of  all  the  Britilh  territories  in  the 
Weft-Indies.  In  1616,  it  wag  fettled 
by  the  French  and  Englilh  conjointly  ; 
but  entirely  ceded  to  the  latter  by  the 
peace  'jf  Utrecht.  Great  quantities  of 
indigo  were  formerly  raifed  here.  In 
J 770,  the  exports  amounted  to  above 
>C.4i9>ooo  fterling,  in  fugar,  molafles, 
and  rum  ;  and  near  £,^000  for  cotton. 
Befides  cotton,  ginger,  and  the  tropical 
fruits,  it  produced,  in  1787*  43i»397 
cwt.  of  fugar,  and  in  1790,  but  about 
113,000  CkVt.  It  is  computed  that  this 
ifland  contains  6000  whites  and  36,000 
negroes.  In  February,  1782,  it  was 
taken  by  the  French,  but  reftored  to 
Britain  by  the  treaty  of  1783. 

Chumiu  Vilc.as,  a  jurifdidion  fub- 
je<5t  to  the  biihop  of  Cufco,  in  S.  Ame- 
ric,  and  empire  of  Peru,  about  40  leagues 
IVom  that  city  ;  it  produces  corn,  finiits, 
large  paftures  for  cattle,  and  mjnes  of 
gold  and  ftlver. 

Church  CreeiTo-.uihin  Dorchefter 
CO.  Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  Church 
creek,  a  branch  ot'  lludfon  R.  7  miles  S. 
wefterly  from  Cambridge. 

Church  Hill,  a  village  in  Qreen 
Anne's  CO.  Maryland,  at  the  head  nfS. 
E.  Creek,  a  branch  of  Chefter  R. ;  N. 
W.  of  Bridgetown,  and  N.  E.  of  Cen- 
treville  8  miles,  and  85  S.  W.  from  Phil- 
adelphia. N.lat.  40.  9.  W. long.  75. 53. 

Church  Hill,  Fort,  in  New  N. 
Wales,  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  Seal  R. 
f  n  the  E.  fide  of  Hudfon  bay ;  lao  miles 


C  I  N 

N.  N.  E.  of  York  fort.    N.  lat.  4S.  58, 
W.  long.  94.  13. 

Churchill  R.in  New  South  Waleu, 
rurs  N.  caftcrly  into  the  W.  fide  of 
lludfon  b*iy,  at  Chtirch  Hill  fort,  in 
lat.  58.  57.  31.  N.  long.  94.  12.  30.  W. 
Sec  NfW-Liitain,  Sbechory,  iS^r. 

Churchtown,  a  village,  fo  called, 
in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Lancafter  co.  Pcnn- 
fyl/ania,  about  ao  miles  E.  N.  E.  of 
I,ancalter,  and  50  VV.  N.  W.  of  Phila. 
delphia.  It  has  12  houfcs,  and  an  Epif- 
copal  church  ;  and  in  the  environs  arc 
two  forges,  which  marmfadure  abotit 
450  tons  of  bar  iron  annually. 

CiAciCA,ajinifdi(5lion  in  S.America, 
in  Peru,  fubjc>ft  to  the  avchbilhop  of 
Plata,  and  90  leagues  diftant  fiom  that 
city  ;  abounding  in  cocoa,  cattJc,  an4 
fome  filver  mines. 

Cibola,  or  Civofat  the  name  of  a 
town  in,  and  alfo  the  ancient  name  of, 
New-Granada,  in  Terra  Fimia,  South- 
America.  The  country  here,  though 
not  mountainous,  is  very  cool ;  and  the 
Indians  arc  faid  to  be  the  whiteft,  wit- 
tieft,  moft  iincerf  and  orderly  of  all  the 
aboriginal  Anricricans.  When  the  coun- 
try was  difcovered,  they  had  each  but 
one  wife,  and  were  exceflivcly  jealous. 
They  worfhipped  water,  and  an  old 
woman  that  was  a  magician  ;  and  be- 
lieved Ihe  lay  hid  under  one  of  their 
lakes. 

Cicero,  a  militarj'  townfhip  in  New- 
York,  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Oneida  lake ; 
and  betwe^'U  it,  the  Salt  lake,  and  the 
Salt  fprings. 

Cinaloa,  called  by  fome  Cinoleoy  a 
province  in  the  audience  of  Galicia,  in 
Old-Mexico,  or  New-Spain.  It  has  the 
gulf  of  California  on  the  W.  the  prov- 
ince of  Culiacan  on  the  S.  and  the  king- 
dom of  New-Mexico  on  the  N.  and  £. 
From  S.  E.  to  N.  E.  it  is  about  100 
leagues ;  and  not  above  40  where  broad- 
eft.  On  the  E.  fide  it  is  boundtd  by 
the  hi  h,  craggy  mountains,  (galled  Te- 
pecfuan,  30  or  40  leagues  from  the  fea. 
It  is  well  watexed,  its  rivers  abound  with 
fifli,  and  the  air  is  ferene  and  healthful. 
It  abound?  with  all  forts  of  fruit,  and 
grain,  and  cotton.  The  natives  are 
hardy  and  induftrious,  and  manufadure 
cotton  cloth,  with  which  tlicy  clothe 
themfelves. 

Cincinnati,  a  flourifliing  town  in 
the  territory  of  the  U.  S.  N.  W.  of  the 
Ohio,  and  the  prefent  feat  of  govem,- 

ment. 


V    i 


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C  L  A 

ment.  It  llands  on  the  N.  bank  of  tfie 
Ohio,  oppofitc  the  mouth  of  Licking  R. 
^\  miles  S.  W.  of  Fort  Wafhington,  and 
about  8  miles  weflferly  of  Columbia. 
Both  th^le  towns  lie  between  Great  and 
Little  Miami  rivers.  Cincinnati  con- 
tains about  aop  houfes  ;  and  is  8 a  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Frankfort  ;  90  N.  W.  of 
Lexington,  and  779  W.  by  S.  of  Phila- 
jdelphia.    N.  lat.  39.22.  W.  l^ng.  85. 44. 

CiNCiNNATUs,  is  the  S.  eaftciTimoft 
of  the  military  townfliips  of  New- York 
ftate.  It  has  Virgil  on  the  \V.  and 
Salem,  in  Herkemer  co.  on  the  E.  and 
lies  on  two  branches  of  Tioughnioga  R. 
a  N.  weftem  branch  of  the  Chenango. 
The  centre  of  the  town  lies  5.1  miles  S. 
W.  by  W.  of  Cooperftown,  and  .39  S. 
E.by  S.  of  the  S.  E.  end  of  Salt  Lake, 
N.  lat.  42.  30. 

Cirencester.    See  Marcus  Hook. 

City  Point,  in  Virginia.  See  Ber- 
muda Hundretl. 

CiviDAD  Rkal,  the  capital  city  of 
Chiapa,  in  New-Spain.  Cliilton,  an 
EnglUhman,  fays  the  Indians  called  it 
Sacatlan,  and  that,  in  1570,  it  contained 
about  100  Spanilh  inhabitants.  See 
Chiapa. 

CiviDAD  Real,  is  the  capital  of  the 
province  of  Guaira,  in  the  E.  divifion 
of  Paraguay. 

Clair,  St.  a  county  in  the  territory 
N.  W.  of  the  Ohio  ;  was  laid  ofl"  a 7th 
April,  1790.  Its  boundaries  arc  thus 
officially  defcribed  :  "  Beginning  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Michillimackinack 
river ;  running  thcr'e  foutherly  in  a di- 
reft  line  to  th'*  mouth  of  tlie  Little  riv- 
er abo\c  fort  MafTac,  upofli  the  Ohio 
river  ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  MiJTilippi  ;  thence  up  the 
Mifiifippi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois 
liver  ;  and  up  the  Illinois  to  the  place 
pf  beginning,  with  all  the  adjacent  ifl- 
ands  of  the  fiid  rivers  Illinois  and  Mif- 
fifippi." 

Clair,  St.  a  fort  in  the  territory  N. 
W.  of  the  Ohio,  is  fituated  25  miles  N. 
of  fort  Hamilton,  on  a  fmall  creek 
which  falls  into  the  Great  Miami ;  and 
2  r  miles  S.  of  fort  JefFerfon. 

Clair,  St.  Lake,  lies  about  halfway 
between  lake  Huron  and  lake  Erie,  in 
North  America,  and  is  about  90  miles 
in  circumference.  It  receives  th^  wa- 
ters of  the  three  great  lakes,  Superior, 
Michigan,  and  Huron,  and  difcharges 
^hem  through  the  river  or  ftrait,  called 


C  L  A 

D'Etroit  (which  is  in  French,  the  Strait) 
into  lake  Erie.  Its  channel,  as  alfo  that 
of  the  lake,  is  fufliciently  deep  for  vef^ 
fels  of  very  confiderable  burden.  Sec 
D'Etroit. 

Clam  Town.    Sec  Egg  harbor. 

Clare,  a  townfliip  on  St.  Mary's 
bay,  in  Anna;>olis  co.  Nova-Scotia.  It 
has  about  50  families,  and  is  co.npofed 
of  woodland  and  fait  marfh. 

CLA.iEMONT,  atownthipin  Chefhire 
CO.  New-Hampfhire,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Connedticut  river,  oppoGte  Afcutncy 
mountain,  in  Vermont,  and  on  the  N. 
fide  of  Sugar  R. ;  24  miles  S.  of  Dart- 
mouth college,  and  82  S.  W.  by  W.  of 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incoiporated  in 
1764,  and  contains  1435  inhabitants. 

Clare  MONT  Co.  in  Camden  diftrii^:, 
S.Carolina,  contains  2479  white  inhab- 
itants, and  21 10  Oaves.  Statefburg  is 
the  county  town. 

Clarendon.    See  Cape  Fear  river. 

Clarehdon  Co.  the  fouthemmoft  in 
Camden  diftrift,  S.  Carolina,  is  about 
30  miles  long  and  30  broad,  and  con- 
tains 1790  whites  and  602  Jlaves. 

Clarendon,  a  tawnfhip  near  the 
centre  of  Rutland  co,  Vermont,  water- 
ed by  Otter  Creek  and  its  tributary 
ftreams ;  14  or  15  miles  E.  of  Fairha- 
ven,  and  44  N.  E.  of  Bennington.  It 
contains  1478  inhabitants.  On  the  S. 
E.  fide  of  a  mountain  in  the  wefterly 
part  of  Clarendon,  or  in  the  edge  of 
Tinmouth,  is  a  curious  cave,  the  mouth 
r.f  which  is  not  more  than  i\  feet  in 
diameter.  In  its  defcent,  the  paflage 
makes  an  angle  with  the  horizon  of  35 
or  40  degrees  ;  but  continues  of  nearly 
the  fnme  diameter  thiough  its  whole 
length,  which  is  31-5  feet.  At  thatdift- 
ancc  from  the  mouth,  it  opens  into  a 
fpacious  room,  20  feet  long,  i2|  wide, 
and  18  or  20  feet  high.  Every  part  of 
the  floor,  fides  and  roof  of  this  room 
appear  to  be  a  folid  rock,  but  very  rough 
and  uneven.  The  water  is  continually 
percolating  through  the  top,  and  has 
formed  ftaladites  of  various  forms  ; 
many  of  which  are  conical,  and  fome 
have  the  appearance  of  maflive  columns. 
From  this  room  there  is  a  communica- 
tion by  a  narrow  paflage  to  others  equal- 
ly  curious. 

Clarke,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky, 
between  the  head  waters  of  Kentucky 
and  Licking  rivers.  Its  chief  town  is 
Winchefter, 

ClARKSBURQj 


CLE 


C  L  1 


[Strait) 
Jfothat 
lor  velr 
See 

tar, 

iMary's 
tia.  It 
Inpofed 


C^LARKSBURC,  the  chief  town  of 
Harrifon  co.  Virginia.  It  contains 
about4o  houfes,  acourt-houfc,  and  gaol ; 
and  ftands  on  tlie  t.  fide  of  Mononga- 
hela  R.  40  miles  S.  W.  of  Morgantown. 

Clarks TOWN,  in  Orange  co,  New- 
York,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  Tappan 
Sea,  a  miles  diftant;  northerly  Irom 
Tappan  townfhip,  6  miles,  and  from^ 
Nf  w-York  city,  39  miles.  By  the  ftatc 
denlus  of  1796,  »a4  of  its  inhabitants 
are  eledors. 

Clabkstille,  the  chief  town  of 
what  was  till  lately  called  Tenneffee 
CO.  in  the  ftate  of  Tenneffee,  is  pleafant- 
ly  fituated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Cumber- 
land R.  and  at  the  mouth  of  Red  river, 
oppofite  the  mouth  of  Muddy  Creek. 
It  contains  about  30  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaol,  45  miles  N.  W.  of 
Nailiville  ;  aao  N.  W.  by  W.  of  KnoX- 
ville,  and  940  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 
K.  lat.  36.  45.  W.  long.  88.  57. 

Clarksville,  a  fmall  fettlement  rn 
the  N.  W.  territory,  which  contained, 
in  1 791,  about  60  fouls.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Ohio,  op- 
pofite Louifville,  a  mile  below  the  Rap- 
ids, and  100  miles  S.  E.  of  Poll  Vincent. 
It  is  frequently  flooded,  when  the  river 
is  high,  and  inhabited  by  people  who 
cannot,  at  prefent,  find  a  better  fitua- 
tion. 

Claverack,  a  poft  town  in  Colum- 
bia CO.  New- York,  pleafairtly  fituated 
on  a  large  pkiin,  about  a-^  miles  E.  of 
Hudfon  city,  near  a  creek  of  its  own 
name.  It  contahis  about  60  houfes,  a 
Dutch  Chnrch,  a  court-houfe,  and  a 
gaol.  The  townihip,  by  the  cenfus  of 
179X,  contained  3:1.62  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 340  (laves.  By  the  ftate  cenfus 
of  1796,  there  appears  to  be  41a  deh- 
ors.   It  is  331  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Clerk's  J/Iest  lie  S.  W.  from,  and  at 
the  entran  e  of  Behring's  Itraits,  which 
feparate  Afia  from  America.  They 
rather  belong  to  Afia,  being  very  near, 
and  S.  S.  W.  from  the  head  land  which 
Mes  between,  the  ftraiti;  and  the  gulf  of 
Anadir,  in  Afia.  They  have  their  name 
in  honor  of  that  able  navigator,  Capt. 
Clerk,  the  companion  of  Capt.  Cook. 
In  other  maps  tliey  are  called  St.  An- 
drea Ifles. 

Clermont,  a  poft  town  in  Columui,-' 
CO.  New-York,  6  miles  from  Red  Hook, 
15  from  Hudfon,  117  miles  N.  of  New- 
York,  and  «i»  from  Philadelphia.  Tbe 


townftiip  contains  867  inhabitants,  ia* 
clufive  of  113  Haves. 

Clermont,  a  village  13  miles  frona 
Camden,  South-Carolina.  In  the  late 
war,  here  was  a  block-houfc  encompaff- 
ed  by  an  abbatls.  It  was  taken  from 
col.  Riigely,  of  the  Britilh  militia,  in 
Dec.  1 781,  by  an  ingenious  ftratagem 
of  licut.  col.  Wafhington; 

Clie,  Lake  le,  in  Upper  Canada, 
about  38  miles  long,  and  30  broad  ;  its 
waters  communicate  with  thofe  of  Lake 
Huron. 

Clinch  Mountalnf  divides  the  waters 
of  Holfton  and  Clinch  rivers,  in  the 
ftate  of  Tenneffee.  In  this  mountain, 
Burk's  Garden,  and  Morris's  Nob» 
might  be  defcribed  as  curiofities. 

C  L I N  c  H ,  or  Pelefotii  a  navigable  branch 
of  Tenneffee  R.  which  is  equal  in  length 
to  Holfton  R.  its  chief  branch,  but 
lefs  in  width*  It  rifts  in  Virginia,  and 
after  it  enters  into  the  ftate  of  Tenneffee, 
it  receives  Powel's,  and  Poplar's  creek, 
and  Emery's  river,  befidcs  other  ftreams. 
The  courfe  of  the  Clinch  is  S.  W.  and 
S.  W.  by  W.  Its  mouth,  150  yards 
wide,  lies  3^  miles  below  Knoxville, 
and  60  above  the  mouth  of  the  Hiwaffee. 
It  is  boatable  for  upwards  of  aoo  miles  j 
and  Powel's  R.  nearly  as  large  as  the 
main  river,  is  navigable  for  boats  100 
miles. 

CLrNTON,  themoft  northern  countf 
of  the  ftate  of  New- York,  is  bounded 
N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  the  dcepeft  waters 
of  Lake  Champlain,  which  line  feparate* 
it  from  Vermont ;  and  S.  by  the  county 
of  Wafliington.  By  the  cenfus  of  1 791, 
it  contained  1614  inhabitants,  including 
17  (laves.  It  is  divided  into  5  town- 
(hips,vi7..Plattlburgh,the  capital,  Crown 
Point,  W^ilHborough,  Champlain,  and 
Peru.  The  length  from  N.  to  S.  is 
about  96  miles,  and  the  breadth  from 
E.  to  W.  including  the  line  upon  the 
lake,  is  36  miles.  The  number  of  foult 
is  now,  (1796,)  eftimated  to  be  6,000. 
By  the  ftate  cenfus,  in  Jan.  1796,  there 
were  624  perfons  entitled  to  be  eledors. 
A  great  proportion  of  the  lands  are  of 
an  excellent  quality,  and  produce  abun- 
dance of  the  various  kinds  of  grain  cul- 
tivated in  other  parts  of  the  ftate. 
The  people  manufadlure  earthem  ware, 
pot  and  pearl  alhes,  in  large  quantities, 
which  they  export  to  New- York  or 
Quebec.  Their  wool  is  excellent ;  tlieir 
beef  antl  pork  Iscond  to  none ;  and  the 

price 


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•    ail 

jincd  of  ftall-fed  beef  in  Montreal,  60 
miles  from  Plattfburgh,  is  fuch  as  to 
fcncouragc  the  farmers  to  drive  their 
tattle  to  that  market.  Their  forefts 
fupply  them  with  fugar  and  molafles, 
,  and  the  foil  is  well  adapted  to  the  cul- 
ture of  hemp.  The  IJmd  carriage  from 
arty  part  of  the  country,  in  tranfporting 
their  produce  to  New- York,  does  not 
exceed  18  miles.  The  canying  plAce 
kt  Ticonderoga  in  ii  miles ;  and  from 
Fort  George,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  hkc. 
of  that  nande,  to  Fort  Edward,  is  but 
I4  miles.  The  fmall  obftru^^ions  after 
thjit  are  to  be  removed  by  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  northern  canal.  F.om  this 
country  to  Quebec,  are  annually  fent 
large  rafiis ;  the  rapids  at  St.  John's  and 
Chamblee,  being  the  only  inteiTuptions 
in  the  navigation,  and  thofe  not  fo  j^reat j 
but  that  at  fome  feafonsy  batteaux  with 
Oxty  bufheli  of  f;ilt  can  afcend  them. 
Salt  is  Ibid  here  at  half  a  dollar  a  bufhel. 
Saranac,  Sable,  and  Boquet  rivers  water 
Clinton  co.  The  firft  is  remarkable 
for  the  quantity  of  falmon  it  prodvces. 

Clinton,  a  townfliip  in  Dutchefs 
CO.  New- York,  above  Poughkeeplie. 
It  is  large  and  thriving,  and  contains 
4607  inhabitants,  including  176  Ilaves. 
666  of  its  inhabitants  are  olcftors. 

Clinton,  a  fettlement  in  Tioga  co; 
New- York,  bounded  by  Fayette  on  the 
N.  Warren  of  the  S.  Greene  on  the  W. 
and  Franklin  in  Otfego  co.  on  the  E. 
Unadilla  R.  joins  the  Sufquelianna  at 
the  N.  E.  corner,  and .  the  couflacnt 
ftrt;,am  nins  S.  W<  to  Warren. 

Clinton,  a  pLu  tlon  in  I/incoln 
CO.  diftrid;  of  Maine,  lies  a;  iriiles  from 
Hallowell. 

Clinton,  parllh,  in  th^  townfliip  of 
Paris,  7  miles  from  Whiteftown,  is  a 
wealthy,  plealant,{laurifhing  fettlement, 
containing  fcveral  handfomc  houfes,  a 
newly  eredted  Prelbyterian  meeting- 
houfe,  a  convenient  fchool  houfe,  and 
an  edifice  for  an  academy  delightfully 
lituated,  but  not  yet  finifhed.  Between 
this  fettlement  and  the  Indian  fettb- 
ments  at  Oneida,  a  diftance  of  la  miles, 
(in  June  1796)  was  wildernefs,  without 
any  inhabitants,  excepting  a  few  In- 
dians at  the  Old  Oneida  village. 

Clinton's  Harior,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  has  its  entrance  in 
N.  lat.  5  J.  12.  W.  long.  136.  Capt. 
Gray  named  it  after  go?.  Clinton  of 


CO6 


Clioqjjot.    See  Clyoqiioi.  i,, 

Cmstinos,  a  fierce  nation  of  Inw 
dians  who  inhabit  round  Hudfou  bay* 
See  Neitf-Britain. 

Closter,  a  village  in  Bergen  co. 
New-Jerfey,  nearly  7  miles  S.  E.  of  Pc- 
ramus,  and  16  N.  of  New- York  city. 

Clyouuot,  a  found  or  bay  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  of  America,  wefterly  from 
Berkley's  Sound.  See  Hancock' s Harbor. 

Coatzacualco,  a  navigable  river 
of  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  which  emp- 
ties into  tde  gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the 
Country  of  Onohualco. 

CoBBESKCONTE,  or  Co;>/#ro(3*,  which 
in  the  Indian  language  fignifies  the  land 
\Vhcrc  fturgeon  are  taken,  is  a  fmall  riv- 
er which  vifes  from  ponds  in  the  town 
of  Winthrop,  in  the  diftrid  of  Maine ; 
and  falls  into  the  Kennebeck  within  3 
miles  of  Nahudkeag  Idand,  ;md  15  from 
Moofe  Idand. 

CoBECi^uiT,  or  Colcht'Jler  Rhiett  in. 
Nova-Scotia,  rifcs  within  ao  miles  of 
Tatamogouche,  on  the  N.  E.  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia ;  from  thence  it  runs  fouth- 
erly,  then  S.  W  and  W.  into  the  E.  end 
of  the  Bafin  of  Minas.  At  its  mouth 
there  is  a  fhort  bank,' but  there  is  a  good- 
channel  on  each  fide,  which  veflels  of 
60  tons  burden  may  pafs,  and  go  40 
miles  up  the  river.  There  are  fome 
fcattcred  fettlements  on  its  banks. 

CoBESEY,  in  the  diftri*Jt  of  Maine. 
See  Pittfl'jn4 

CoBEZA,  or  Cobija,  an  obfcure  port 
•ind  village  in  the  audience  of  LosChar- 
cus,  in  Fcri»,  S.  America.  The  place 
is  inhabited  by  about  50  Indian  families, 
and  is  the  moll  barren  fpot  On  the  coaft. 
This  is,  however,  the  neareft  port  ta 
Lipcs,  where  there  are  filver  mines,  and 
aifo  to  Potofi,  which  is  yet  above  loo 
leagues  diftant,  and  that  throu;;h  asdefart 
country. 

CoBHAMj-a  fmall  town  in  Virginia,' 
on  the  S.  bank  of  James  R.  oppofitc 
Jameftown  ;  20  miles  N.  W.  of  Suffolk, 
and  8  or  9  S.  W.  of  Willjamft)ur^. 

CoBHAM  ^/f,  mentioned  by  Captain 
Middletoii,  in  the  journal  of  his  voyage 
for  finding  a  N.  E.  paflage.  Its  two 
extremities  bear  N.  by  E.  and  E.  by  N. 
in  N.  lat.  63.  E.  long,  from  Churchill, 
3.  40.  which  he  takes  to  be  tlie  BrooA 
Cohbam  of  Fox. 

CoBLESKiLL,  a  new  town, in  the  co. 
of  Schoharie,  New-York,  incorporated 
March,  1797. 

COCALICO) 


\hi 


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C  O  K 


'^'  '  ,  . 

tion  of  in-/ 
ludfoii  bay,. 

Bergen  co. 
S.  E.  of  Pc" 
fork  city, 
bay  on  the 
eftcrly  from 
ck^  s  Harbor. 
ignble  river 
which  emp- 
co,  near  the 

cookt  wliich 
fies  the  land 

afinall  riv- 
in  the  town 

of  Maine; 
ck  within  3 
and  15  from 

r  Rii)er,  in. 

ao  miles  of 

.  E.  coaft  of 

t  runs  fouth- 

0  the  E.  end 

:t  its  mouth 

ere  is  a  good 

:h  vefiels  of 

and  go  40 

re  are  fome 

banks. 

^t  of  Maine. 

Cibfcufe  port 
of  Los  Cliar- 
Thc  place 
lian  fimilies, 
t)n  the  coaft. 
reft  port  to 
V  mines,  and 
t  above  looi 
mgh^fdefart 


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n,  in  the  co. 
nccrporated 

C0CALIC0| 


CocALico,  a  townftiip  in  Lancafter 
feo.  Pennfylvania. 

CocHECHO,  a  N.  W.  branch  of  Pif- 
cataqua  R.  in  Ncw-Hamplhire.  It  rifes 
in  the  Blue  Hills  in  Strafford  co.  and 
its  mouth  is  5  miles  above  Hilton's 
Point.    See  Pifcataqua. 

CocHABAMBA,  a  province  and  jurif- 
diftion  in  Peru,  50  leagues  from  Plata, 
and  56  from  Potofi.  Its  capital  of  the 
fame  name  is  one  of  the  richeft,  largeft, 
and  moft  populous  in  Peru,  as  it  is  the 
granary  of  the  archbifhoprick  of  Plata  ; 
and  in  fome  fpots  filver  mines  have  been 
difcovered. 

Cock  BURN  E,  a  townfliip in  the  north- 
cm  part  of  New-Hampfhirc,  Grafton 
CO.  on  the  E.  Bank  of  Connedicut 
river,  S.  of  Colebrooke. 

CocKERMOUTH,  atown  in  Grafton 
Co.  New-Hamp{hire,  about  15  miles  N. 
E.  of  Dartmouth  College.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1766,  and  in  1775,  con- 
tained 1 1 8  inhabitants ;  and  in  1790,373. 

CocKSAKiE.     See  Coxakie. 

Cod.  See  Cape  Cod,  Barnjlabh  co. 
and  Provincetoivn. 

CoDORUs,  a  townfhip  in  York  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

CoEYMANS,  a  townfhip  in  Albany 
CO.  New- York,  ii  miles  below  Albany. 
Bytheftate  cenfusof  1796,389  of  its 
inhabitants  are  eledors. 

CoHGNAWAGA,  a  parffh  in  the  town- 
fhip  of  Johnftown,  Montgomery  co. 
New-York,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mohawk 
R.  a6  miles  W.  of  Scheneftady.  This 
place,  which  had  been  fettled  nearly  80 
yeai-8,  and  which  was  the  feat  of  Sir 
William  Johnfon,  was  mofHy  dcftroyed 
by  the  Britifli  and  Indians,  under  the 
command  of  Sir  William,  in  the  year 
1780.  In  this  adtion,  Johiil'on  evinced 
a  want  of  feeling  which  would  have  dif- 
graced  a  favage.  The  people  deftroycd 
\n  this  expedition,  were  his  old  neigh- 
bors, with  whom  he  had  formerly  lived 
in  the  habits  of  friendthip.  His  eftate 
was  among  them,  and  the  inhabitants 
had  always  confidered  him  as  their 
friend  and  neighbor.  Thefe  unfortu- 
nate people,  after  feeing  their  houfes 
and  property  confumed  to  aihes,  were 
hurried,  fuch  as  could  walk,  into  crael 
captivity  ;  thofe  who  could  not  walk, 
fell  vidims  to  the  tomahawk  and  fcalp- 
ing  knife.    See  Caghnarjuaga. 

CoHANZY,  or  Cafarla,  a  fmall  river, 
Which  rifes  in  Salem  co.  New-Jerfey, 
[O  I] 


and  running  through  Cumberland  co. 
empties  into  Delaware  R.  oppofite  the 
upper  end  of  Bombay  Hook.  It  is 
about  30  miles  in  length,  and  is  naviga* 
ble  for  veflels  of  too  tons  to  Bridge*' 
town,  ao  miles  from  its  mouth. 

CoHAssET,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  which  was  incorpo- 
rated in  177c,  and  contains  817  inhabit- 
ants. It  has  a  congregational  church, 
and  ia6  houfes,  fcattered  on  different 
farms.  Cohaffet  rocks,  which  have  been 
fo  fatal  to  many  veffels,  lie  off  this  town» 
about  a  league  fi-om  the  (hore.  It  lies 
aj  miles  S.E.of  Bofton ;  but  in  a  ftraight 
line  not  above  half  the  diftance. 

Co  H  o  E  z ,  or  the  Falls  in  Mohawk  R. 
between  a  and  3  miles  irom  its  mouth, 
and  10  miles  northward  of  Albany,  are 
a  x'ixy  great  natural  curiofity.  The 
river  above  the  falls,  is  about  300  yards 
wide,  and  approaches  them  from  the 
N.  W.  in  a  rapid  cuirent,  between  high, 
banks  on  each  fide,  and  pours  the  whole 
body  of  its  water  6ver  a  perpendicular 
rock  of  about  40  (fome  fay  more)  feet 
in  height,  which  extends  quite  acrofs 
the  river,  like  a  mill-dam.  The  banks 
of  the  river,  immediately  below  the  falls, 
are  about  100  feet  high.  A  bridge  i  ico 
feet  long,  and  J4  feet  wide,  refting  on 
13  piers,  was  ereded,  at  the  expenfe  of 
ia,ooo  dollars,  in  1794,  a  mile  below 
the  falls,  from  which  a  fpeftator  may- 
have  a  grand  view  of  them  :  but  they 
appear  moft  romantically  from  Lanfin- 
burgh  hill,  5  miles  E.  of  them. 

CoHONGORONTO,  18  the  name  of 
Potowmack  R.  before  it  breaks  through 
the  Blue  Ridge,  in  N.  lat.  39.  45.  Its 
whole  length  to  the  Blue  Ridge,  may 
be  about  160  miles  ;  from  thence  it  af- 
fumesthenameofPo/oicwflt-X'jwhiciifee. 

ConuixcAs,acountiji'!)  New-Spain, 
in  which  there  is  a  conliderable  moun- 
tain of  loadftone,  between  Tcoiily'au 
and  Chilapan. 

CoKESBURY  College,  in  the  town 
of  Abington,  in  Harford  co.  Maryland, 
is  an  inftitution  which  bids  fair  to  pro- 
mote the  improvement  of  fcience,  and 
the  cultivation  of  virtue.  It  was  found- 
ed by  the  Methodiits,  in  1785,  iT.d  has 
its  name  in  honor  of  Thomas  Coke,  and 
Francis  Albury,  the  An^erican  bilhops 
of  the  Methodift  Epifcopal  church. 
The  edifice  is  of  brick,  handfomrly 
built,  on  a  healthy  fpot,  enjoying  a  fine 
abj  and  a  very  cxtenfive  prolpe  ^..    The 

colUge 


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COL 

.college  was  eredted,  and  is  wholly  fup- 
ported  by  fubfcription  and  voluntary 
donations.  The  ftudents,  who  are  to 
confift  of  the  fons  of  travelling  preacli- 
.  ere,  annual  fubfcribers,  members  of  the 
focietyi  and  orphans,  are  inftrufted  in 
Englilh,  Latin,  Greek,  logic,  rhetoric, 
hiftory,  geography,  natural  philofophy, 
and  aftronomy  ;  and  when  the  finances 
of  the  college  will  admit,  they  are  to  be 
taught  the  Hebrew,  French  and  German 
languages.  The  rules  for  the  private 
condud  of  the  ftudents  extend  to  their 
amufements  ;  and  all  tend  to  promote 
regularity,  encourage  induftry,  and  to 
nip  the  buds  of  idlenefs  and  vice.  Their 
recreations  without  doors  are,  walking, 
gaidening,  riding,  and  bathing  ;  witliin 
doors  they  have  tools  and  accommoda- 
tions for  the  carpenter's,  joiner's,  cabi- 
net maker's,  or  turner's  bufinefs.  Thefe 
they  are  taught  to  confider  as  pleaiing 
and  healthful  recreations,  both  for  the 
body  and  mind. 

CaLAN,a  fmall  Indian  town,  fituated 
near  the  South  Sea,  a  or  3  leagues  to 
the  northward  of  Payta,  inhabited  by 
fiihermen.  Here  they  make  large  rafts 
of  log,s,  which  will  carry  60  or  70  tons 
of  goods  f  with  thefe  they  make  long 
voyages,  even  to  Panama^  5  or  600 
leagues  diftant.-  They  have  a  mafll  with 
a  fail  faftened  to  it.  They  always  go 
before  the  wind,  being  unable  to  ply 
againft  it  ;  and  therefore  only  fit  for 
thefe  feas,  where  the  wind  is  always  in 
a  manner  the  fame,  not  varying  above  a 
point  or  two  all  the  way  from  Lima, 
till  they  come  into  the  bay  of  Panama ; 
and  there  they  murt  fometinies  wait  for 
a  change.  Their  cargo  is  iifually  wine, 
©il,  fugar,  Quito  cloth,  foap,  and  dreffed 
goat  Ikins^  The  float  is  ufually  navi- 
gated by  3  or  4  men,  who  fell  their  fk)at 
vhere  tliey  difpofe  of  their  cargo  ;  and 
return  as  paffengers  to  the  port  they 
came  from.  The  Indians  go  out  at 
night  by  the  help  of  the  land-wind,  with 
fiihing  floats,  more  manageable  than  the 
others,  though  thefe  have  mafts  and  faiis 
too,  and  return  again  in  the  day-time 
with  the  fea-wind. 

CotCHESTKR^  a  townfhip  in  Ulfter 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  Popachton  branch 
of  Delaware  river,  S.  W.  of  Middle- 
town  ;  and  about  50  miles  S.  W.  by  S. 
cf  Cooperftown.  By  the  ftate  cenfus 
of  1796)  z^3  of  its  inhabitants  are  elec- 


C  O  L 

CoLcffKiTER,  a  large  tdwnfhip  irf 
New-London  co.  Connedticut,  fettled 
in  1 701  ;  about  15  miles  weftward  of 
Norwich,  25  S.  F-.  of  Hartford,  and  oo 
N.  W.  of  New-London  city.  It  is  in 
contemplation  to  have  a  poft  ofiice  ef- 
tabliflied  in  this  town. 

CoLGH ESTER, tlie  chief  town  in  Chit- 
tenden CO.  Vermont,  is  on  the  E.  bank 
of  bk<4  Chamjlain,  at  the  mouth  of 
Onion  river*  and  N.  of  Btn-lington,  on 
Cokheller  bay,  which  fpreads  N.  of  the 
town. 

CoucHEstER,  a  poft  town  in  Fair- 
fax CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  N.  K. 
bank  of  Ocqnoquam  creek,  3  or  4  miles 
from  its  confluence  with  the  Potovw- 
mack  ;  and  is  here  abotit  100  yard* 
wide,  and  navigable  for  boats.  It  con- 
tains about  40  houfes,  and  lies  16  miles 
S.  W.  of  Alexandria,  106  N.  by  E.  of 
KJchmond,  and  ijz  from  Philadelphia. 

Colcheter  R.  Nova-Scotia.  See 
Cabequit. 

Cold  Spring,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, is  a  villa,  6  miles  from  the  highlands 
of  Liguania.  The  grounds  are  in  a 
high  ftate  of  improvement.  Cold  fprihg 
is  4200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea  ; 
and  few  or  none  of  the  tropical  fruits  will 
flourifli  in  fo  cold  a  climate.  The  gen- 
eral ftate  of  the  thermometer  is  from 
55.  to  65. ;  and  even  fometimes  fo  low 
as  44. :  fo"  that  a  fire  there,  even  at 
noon-day,  is  not  only  comfortable,  but 
neceflary  a  great  part  of  the  year.  Many 
of  the  Englilh  fruits,  as  the  apple,  the 
l>each,  and  the  ftrawberry,  flourifli  then; 
in  gveat  perteftion,  with  feveral  other 
valuable  exotics,  as  tlie  tea-tree  and  oth- 
er oriental  produdions. 

Cold  Spring  Coiv,  near  Burlington, 
New-Jerfey,  it^  remarkable  for  its  fand 
and  clay,  ufed  in  the  manufacture  of 
glafs  ;  from  whence  the  glafs  works  at 
Hamilton,  10  miles  W.  of  Albany,  are 
fupplied  with  thefe  articles. 

CoLEBROOKE,  in  tlie  northern  part 
of  New-Hampfliire,  in  Grafton  co.  lies 
on  the  E, bank  of  Connecticut  R.  op- 
poGte  the  Great  Monadnock,  in  Cana- 
an, ftate  of  Vermont ;  joining  Cock- 
burne  on  the  fouthward  and  Stuarts- 
town  on  the  northward  ;  iz6  miles  N. 
W.  by  N.  from  Portfinouth. 

CoLEBROoKE,  a  rough,  hilly  town- 
fhip on  the  N.  line  of  Connedicut,  i» 
Litchfield  CO.;  30  miles  N.W.  of  Hart- 
ford city.  It  was  fettled  in  1 756*  Here 

ate 


3' 


w 


M 

'1^ 


s     tw< 


t6wn(hip  lit 
icut,  fettled 
vveftward  of 
ford,  and  »o 
ity.  It  is  in 
oft  office  ef- 

own  in  Chit- 
the  £.  bank 
le  mouth  of 
irlington,  on 
ids  N. of  the 


1 


;ir  Burlingtois 
le  for  its  fand 
lanufadiu'e  of 
glafs  works  at 
)f  Albany,  are 
:s. 

northern  part 
Irafton  co.  lies 
zdicut  R.  op- 
ock,  in  Can»- 
joining  Cock- 
and  Stuarts- 
126  miles  N. 
ith. 

h,  hilly  town* 
annedicut,  in 
ST.  W.  of  Hart- 
ii  I7j6*  Here 
are 


COL 

wt  a  iron  works,  and  feverftl  mills,  on 
Still  R.  a  N.  W.  water  of  Farmington 
R.  In  digging  a  cellar  in  this  town,  at 
the  clofe  of  the  year  1796,  belonging  to 
Mr.  John  Hulburt,  the  workmen,  at  the 
depth  of  about  9  or  10  feet,  found  three 
large  tufks  and  two  thigh  bones  of  an 
animal,  the  latter  of  which  meafured 
tach  about  4  feet,  4  inches  in  length, 
and  I  ii  inches  in  circumference.  When 
firft  diicovered  they  were  entire,  buc  as 
foon  as  they  were  expofed  to  the  air 
they  mouldered  to  duft.  This  adds 
another  to  the  many  fadts,  which  prove 
that  a  race  of  enormous  animals,  now 
extindt,  once  inhabited  the  United  States. 

Co7>ERAiN,  a  townlhip  in  Lancafter 
CO.  Pennfylvania, 

CoLEKAiN,  a  town  on  the  N.  bank 
ef  St.  Mary's  river,  Camden  co.  Geor- 
gia, 40  or  50  miles  from  its  mouth.  On 
Sie  49th  of  June,  1796,  a  treaty  of  peace 
and  friendlhip  was  made  and  concluded 
at  this  place,  between  the  Prefident  of 
the  United  States,  on  the  one  part,  in 
behalf  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
king's  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  Creek 
nation  of  Indians,  on  the  other.  By  this 
treaty,  the  line  between  Jhe  white  peo- 
ple and  the  Indians,  was  eftablifhed  to 
ran  "  from  the  Currahee  mountain  to 
the  head  or  fource  of  the  main  fouth 
branch  of  the  Oconee  river,  called,  by 
the  white  people,  Appalatohee,  and  by 
the  Indians,  Tulapoeka,  and  down  the 
middle  of  the  fame."  Ldberty  was  alfo 
given  by  the  Indians  to  the  Prefident  of 
the  United  States,  to  «  cftablilh  a  trad- 
ing or  military  poft  on  the  S.  fide  of 
Alatamahci,  about  i  mile  above  Beard's 
bluff,  or  any  where  from  thence  down 
the  river,  on  the  lands  of  the  Indians  ;" 
and  the  Indians  agreed  to  "  annex  to 
faid  poft  a  traft  of  land  of  five  miles 
fquare  ;"  and  in  return  for  this,  and 
other  tokens  of  friendlhip  on  the  part 
of  the  Indians,  the  United  States  ftipu- 
lated  to  give  them  goods  to  the  value  of 
6000  dollars,  and  to  furniih  them  with 
two  blackfmiths  with  tools, 

CoLRAiNE,  a  townftiip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Maflachuietts,  which  contains  429 
boufes,  and  141 7  inhabitants. 

CoLiMA,  a  large  and  rich  town  of 
Mechoacan  and  New-Spain,  on  the  S. 
Sea,  near  the  borders  of  Xalifca,  and  in 
the  moft  pleafant  and  fruitful  valley  in 
all  Mexico,  producing  cocoa,  caffia,  and 
Other  things  pf  value,  befides  fome  gold. 


COL 

Dampier  takes  notice  of  a  v61cano  near 
it,  with  two  Iharp  peaks,  from  which 
fmoke  and  flame  iffue  continually.  The 
famous  plant  oleacazan  grows  in  the 
neighbourhood,  which  is  reckoned  a. 
catholicon  for  reftoringdecayedftrcngth, 
and  a  fpecific  againft  all  forts  of  poifon. 
The  natives  apply  the  leaves  to  the 
parts  affedted,  and  judge  of  the  fuccefs 
of  the  operation  by  their  fticking  or 
falling  off. 

Columbia,  a  townftiip  in  Waftiing- 
ton  CO.  diftrid  of  Maine,  on  Plealant  R. 
adjoining  Machias  on  the  N.  E.  and 
was  formerly  called  Plantations  No.  ri 
and  13.  It  was  incorporated  in  1796. 
The  town  of  Machias  lies  15  miles  to 
the  eaftward.  It  is  9  miles  from  Steu- 
ben. 

Columbia  County,  in  New-York,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Renilelaer,  S.  by  Duch- 
efs,  E.  by  the  ftate  of  Maflachufetts,  and 
W.  by  Hudfon  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Albany  co.  It  is  3  a  miles  in  length  and 
21  in  breadth,  and  is  divided  into  eight 
towns  ;  of  which  Hudfon,  Claverack, 
and  Kinderhook  are  the  chief.  It  con- 
tained, in  1790,  27,73a  inhabitants,  and 
in  1796,  3560  ele^ors. 

Columbia  College.  See  New-Tork 
city. 

Columbia,  Territory  of.  See 
JVaJhingtoriy  or  the  Federal^  city. 

Columbia,  a  poft  town,  the  capital 
of  Kerihaw  co.  and  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment of  South-Carolina.  It  is  fituated 
in  Camden  diftridt,  on  the  £.  fide  of  the 
Congaree,  juft  bdow  the  confluence  of 
Saluda  and  Broad  rivers.  The  ftreet« 
are  regular,  and  the  town  contains  up- 
wardSvOf  70  houfes.  The  public  offices 
have,  in  fome  meafure,  been  divided,  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  lower  counties,  and  a  branch  pf 
each  retained  in  Charlefton.  It  lies  115 
miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Charlefton,  35  S.  W, 
of  Camden,  85  from  A  guftat  in  G^r- 
gia,  and  678  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  34. 1.  W.  long,  80. 57, 

Columbia,  a  flourifhing  poft  town 
in  Goochland  co.  Virginia,  on  the  N. 
fide  of  Jame§  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Rivanna.  It  contains  about  40  houfes* 
and  a  war^houfe  for  the  infpe^on  of 
tobacco.  It  lies  45  miles  above  Rich* 
mond,  35  from  Charlottefvilkt  and  3*$ 
S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Columbia,  a  town  newly  laid  wAt 
in  Lancafter  co.  Fennrylvania>  on  the 

N.E. 


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yt.  E.  bank  of  Sufquehanni  river,  at 
Wright's  ferry  ;  lo  miles  W.  of  Lan- 
cafter,  and  76  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Columbia  Co.  in  the  Upper  diftrift 
of  Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  R. 
on  the  N.  E.  and  E.  which  feparates  it 
from  the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina,  N.  W.  of 
Richmond  co.  Its  ftiape  is  very  irreg- 
ular. 

Columbia,  a  town  in  the  N.  W. 
territory,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Ohio  river, 
and  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  mouth  of 
Little  Miami  R. ;  about  6  miles  S.  E. 
by  E.  of  Fort  Walhington,  8  E.  by  S. 
of  Cincinnati,  aud  87  N.  by  W.  of  Lex- 
ington, in  Kentucky.    N.  lat.  39.  ao. 

CoMAN  A,  a  town  and  province  in  the 
northern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  It  lies  on  the  N.  eafternmoft 
part  of  the  fea  coaft. 
•  CoMARGO,  a  town  of  New-Leon,  in 
N.  America',  fituated  on  the  S.  lide  of 
Rio  Bravo,  which  empties  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  on  the  W.  fulc. 

CoMBAHEE,  a  conliderable  river  of 
South-Carolina,  which  enters  St.  Helena 
found  between  Coofa  and  Alhcpoo 
rivers. 

CoMBAHEE  Perry,  on  the  above  riv- 
er, is  17  miles  from  Jackfonfboroni^h,  15 
from  Pocotaligo  and  5  a  from  Chariefton. 

Comfort,  Point,  is  the  S.  eaftern- 
moft  part  of  Elizabeth-city  co.  in  Vir» 
ginia,  formed  by  James  R.  at  its  mouth 
m  Chefapeak  bay.  Point  Comfort  lies 
19  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cape  Henry. 

CoMMANOEs,  one  of  the  fmall  Vir- 
gin ifles,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  fituated  to 
the  N.  N.  E.  of  Tortula.  N.  lat.  18. 
85.  W.  long.  63. 

CoMPOSTKLLA,  a  very  rich  town  in 
New-Spain,  and  province  of  Xalifco, 
built  in  1531,  fituated  near  the  S.  Sea, 
400  miles  N.  W.  of  Mexico.  The  foil 
is  barren  and  the  air  unhealthful  ;  but 
it  has  feveral  mines  of  filver  at  St.  Peca- 
que,  in  its  neighborhood.  N,  lat.  ai. 
10.  W.  long.  109.  42.     See  Culiacan. 

CoNAjOHARv,  a  poft  town,  on  the 
S.  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  New-York, 
very  large,  .36  miles  above  Schenedady, 
and  318  from  Philadelphia.  See  Cana- 
johary. 

CoNAWANGO,  a  northern  branch  of 
Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylvania,  which 
rifcs  from  Chataughque  lake. 

Conception,  a  large  bay  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Newfoundland  ifland,  whofe  en- 
trance is  between  Cape  St,  Francis  on 


the  fouthward,  and  Flamborough-head 
on  the  northward.  It  runs  a  great  way 
into  the  land  in  a  fouthem  diredtion, 
having  numerous  bays  on  the  W.  fide, 
on  which  are  two  fettlements,  Carbon- 
iere  and  Havre  de  Grace.  Settlements 
were  made  here  in  i6io,  by  about  40 
planters,  under  governor  John  Guy,  to 
whom  king  James  had  granted  a  patent 
of  incorporation. 

Conception  of  Salaya,  a  fmall  town 
of  N.  America,  ui  the  province  of  Me- 
choacan,  in  Mexico  or  New-Spain,  was 
built  by  the  Spaniards,  as  well  as  the 
ftations  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  Phillip, 
to  fecure  the  road  from  Mechoacan  to 
the  filver  mines  of  Zadateca.  They 
have  alfo  given  this  name  to  feveral 
horowths  of  America  ;  as  to  that  in 
Hifpaniola  ifiand,  and  to  a  fea-port  of 
California,  &c. 

Conception,  by  the  Indians  called 
Penco,  a  city  in  Chili,  S.  America,  fitu- 
ated on  the  edge  of  the  fea,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river,  and  at  the  bottom 
of  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  It  lies  in 
about  37.  S.  lat.  It  was  feveral  times 
deftro)  ed  by  the  powerful  confederacy 
of  the  Indians,  and  as  often  repaired. 
In  1730  it  was  deftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, and  fince  that,  rebuilt.  It  is 
within  the  audience  and  jurifdidion  of 
St.  Jago,  and  is  governed  by  a  correfii- 
dore.  Tiie  Spanifli  inhabitants  here, 
are  the  moft  warlike  and  hardy  of  any 
in  S.  America  ;  they  are  all  trained  to 
arms  from  their  childhood,  to  l>e  ready 
to  refill:  the  attack  of  the  Chilcfe  Indians, 
whom  they  have  realbn  to  confider  a 
formidable  enemy. 

The  inhabitants,  and  even  the  wo- 
men, excel  in  horiemanihip  ;  they  are 
very  dexterous  in  managing  the  lance 
or  noofe  ;  and  it  is  very  rare  to  fee  them 
mifs  their  aim,  though  at  full  fpeed, 
with  the  nooie,  which  they  throw  40 
or  50  yards,  and  fo  halter  the  objeft  of 
their  diverfion  or  revenge.  This  noofe 
is  made  of  thongs  of  cow-hide  ;  thefc 
they  twift  with  oil,  till  rendered  fupple 
and  pliant  to  command  ;  ana  fo  ftrong 
that,  when  twifted,  thev  will,  it  is  faid, 
hold  a  wild  bull,  which  would  break  i\ 
halter  of  hemp  of  twice  the  thickneft. 

The  foil  here  is  fiuitftil,  abounding 
with  com  and  excellent  wine.  The 
fruit  trees  bear  fo  luxuriantly  here,  that 
they  are  forced  to  thin  the  fruit,  other- 
wife  the  branches  would  break,  nov 

covild 


m 


•.'■*■    * 


ugh-hcad 

great  way 

dire«Stion, 

W.  fide, 

Carbon- 

ettlements 

about  40 

Guy,  to 

d  a  patent 

mall  town 
ice  of  Me- 
Spain,  was 

ell  as  the 
Phillip, 

loacan  to 
:a.     They 

to  feveral 

o  that  in 
fca-port  of 

Uans  called 
lerica,  fitu- 
ta,  at  the 
:he  bottom 
It  lies  in 
veral  times 
:onfederacy 
n  repaired. 
ly  an  earth- 
milt.  It  is; 
rifdidion  of 
y  a  correfii- 
itants  here, 
ardy  of  any 
I  trained  to 
to  Ik-  ready 
Icfe  Indians, 
I  conlidcr  a 

en  the  wo- 
3  ;  they  are 
l  the  lance 
to  fee  them 
full  fpeed, 
^  throw  40 
he  objcA  of 
This  noofe 
hide  ;  thefc 
Icred  fupplc 
m  fo  ftroii}^ 
11,  it  is  faid, 
uld  break  <-^ 
tliickneft. 
abounding 
wine.  The 
y  here,  that 
Iruit,  other- 
break,  nov 
co^ild 


CON 

could  the  fruit  come  to  maturity.  Tliis 
city  has  a  church  and  fix  very  famous 
monaftcries  ;  but  the  dwelling  houfes 
make  no  great  appearance.  Here  the 
women  go  out  in  the  night  to  the  Ihopn, 
to  buy  fuch  neceflaries  as  they  want  tor 
their  families,  it  being  contrary  to  the 
cuftom  of  this  country  for  women  of 
any  charafter,  to  go  abroad  in  the  day- 
time on  fuch  aft'airs.  It  is  an  open  town  ; 
and  the  few  batteries  it  has,  arc  kept  in 
very  indifferent  order. 

CoNCHucos,  a  jurifdidion  in  the 
empire  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  under 
the  archbifhop  of  Lima  ;  it  begins  40 
leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  the  metropolis,  and 
runs  along  the  center  of  the  Cordillera. 
It  produces  fruits,  grain,  &c.  and  af- 
fords extenfive  pafture  for  cattle  of  all 
kinds.  Several  branches  of  the  wool- 
len manufadory  are  carried  on  here, 
which  conftitute  its  greateft  commerce 
with  the  other  provinces. 

Concord,  a  poft  town  of  New- 
Hampfhire,  very  Houriihing,  and  pleaf- 
antly  fituated  on  the  W.  bank  of  Mer- 
rimack river,  in  Rockingham  co.  8  miles 
above  Hookfet  falls.  The  Icgiflature, 
of  late,  have  commonly  held  their  i^i- 
fions  here  ;  and  from  its  central  fitua- 
tion,  and  a  thriving  back  country,  it 
will  probably  become  the  permanent 
feat  of  government.  Much  of  the  trade 
of  the  upper  country  centers  here.  A 
handfome  toll  bridge  acrofs  the  Merri- 
mack, conneds  this  town  with  Pem- 
broke. It  has  1747  inhabitants,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1765.  The  Indian 
name  was  Penacook.  It  was  granted  by 
MalFachufetts,  and  called  Rumford. 
The  compad  part  of  the  town  contains 
about  170  houfes,  a  congregational 
church,  and  an  academy,  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1790.  It  is  55  miles  W. 
N.  W.  of  Portfmouth,  58  S.  W.  of 
Dartmouth  college,  and  70  northward 
from  Bofton.  N.  lat.  43.  iz.  W.  long. 
71.  89. 

Concord,  in  Eflex  co.  Vermont,  lies 
on  Connefticut  river,  oppofite  a  part  of 
the  1.5 -mile  ftills. 

Concord,  in  Maflachufetts,  a  poft 
trvn,  one  of  the  moft  coniiderable 
towns  in  Middkfex  co.  lituated  on  Con- 
cord river,  in  a  healthy  and  pleafant 
fpot,  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  coun- 
ty, and  18  miles  N.  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  17  E.  of  Lancafter.  It;'.  Indian 
cimf  vyas  Mufquetequid  ;  and  it  owes 


COM 

Its  prcfcnt  name  to  the  peaceable  man- 
ner in  which  it  v.as  obtained  from  the 
natives.  The  firft  fcttleri,  among  whom 
were  the  Rev.  Meffrs.  Buckley  and 
Jones,  having  fettled  the  pnrchale,  ob- 
tained an  adt  of  incorporation,  Sept.  3, 
1635  ;  and  this  was  the  moft  diftjmt 
Teitlement  from  the  fea-fhore  of  New- 
EngLind  at  that  time.  The  fettjers  nev- 
er had  any  conteft  with  the  Indians  ; 
and  only  three  perfonswere  ever  killed 
by  them  within  the  limits  of  the  town. 
In  1 791,  there  were  in  this  townlhip 
125  dwelling  houfes,  and  1590  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  the  latter  there  were  80  per- 
fons  upwards  of  70  years  old.  For  i,^ 
years  previous  to  1791,  the  average 
number  of  deaths  was  1 7  ;  one  in  four 
of  whom  were  70  years  old  and  up- 
wards. The  public  buildings  are,  a 
Congregational  church,  a  fpaciousftone 
gaol,  the  beft  in  New-England,  and  a 
very  handfome  county  court-houfe. 
The  town  is  accommodated  with  three 
convenient  bridges  over  the  river  ;  one 
of  which  is  208  feet  long,  and  i8  feet 
wide,  iupportcd  by  1 2  piers,  built  after 
the  manner  of  Charles  river  bridge. 
This  town  is  famous  in  the  hiftory  of 
the  revolution,  having  been  the  feat  of 
the  provincial  congrcfs  in  1774,  and  the 
fpot  where  the  firft  oppofition  was 
made  to  the  Britilh  troops,  on  the  m6tn- 
orable  19th  of  April,  1775.  The  gen- 
eral court  Iiave  frequently  held  tncir 
feftions  here  when  coiitagious  difeafes 
have  prevailed  in  the  capital.  N.  lat. 
42.25.  i 

Concord,  a  fma'l  river  of  Maftachu- 
fetts,  formed  of  two  branches,  which 
unite  near  tlie  center  of  the  town  oP 
Concord,  wIkiicc  it  takes  its  courfe  in 
N.  £.  and  N.  diredion  through  Bed- 
ford and  Billerica,  and  emptier,  itfelf  in- 
to Merrimack  R.  at  Tewkfbury.  Con- 
cord R.  is  remarkable  for  the  gentlenefj 
of  its  current,  which  is  fcarcely  perceiv- 
able by  the  eye.  At  low  water  mark  it 
is  from  100  to  aoo  feet  wide,  and  from 
3  to  12  feet  deep.  During  floods.  Con- 
cord R.  is  near  a  mile  in  breadth  ;  and 
when  viewed  from  the  town  of  Concord, 
makes  a  fine  appearance. 

Concord,  a  townihip  in  Delaware 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Concord,  a  fettlement  in  Georgia, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  about 
a  mile  from  the  S.line  of  Tenneflee,  108 
miles  N.  from  the  mouth  of  Yazoo  Rv 

au4 


;,  I  '..ti 


U  ' 


I  I    'Ml 


[ilOi 


CON 


CON 


ir 


M 


M 


jund  ai8  bdow  the  Ohio.    N.  lat.  33. 
5j.  W.  long.  91.  iS' 

CoNDE,  Fort,  or  MobUe  cityt  is  fit- 
wated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mobile  bay,  in 
Weft-Florida,  about  40  miks  above  its 
mouth  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  N.  lat. 
30.43.  W.  long.  87.57, 

CoNOECBDO,  a  cape  or  promontory 
of  N.  America,  in  the  province  of  Yu- 
catan, xoo  miles  W.  of  Merida.  N. 
lat.  ao.  50.  W.  long.  9Z.  37. 

CoNDEsuYos  D£  Arequipa,  a  ju- 
rifdi£ti<»i  under  the  btihop  of  Arequipa, 
30  leagues  N.  of  that  city,  in  Peru. 
Here  is  cultivated  the  wild  cochineal  : 
the  Indians  carry  on  a  great  trade  with 
this  article  ;  they  grind  it,  and  mix  four 
ounces  of  it  with  iz  ounces  of  violet- 
maize,  of  which  they  form  cakes  of  4 
«unces  each,  and  fell  it  for  a  dollar  a 
pound,  Thefe  cakes  they  call  magnos. 
This  place  abounds  alio  with  gold  and 
filver  mines,  which  are  not  fo  carefully 
v;orked  as  formerly. 

CoHDtisREEG,  a  fettlement  in  the 
diftriA  (^  Muncy  in  Hancock  eo.  con- 
taing  567  inhabitants. 

CONEGOCHEAGUE  Creek,  rifes  near 
Mercerfburg,  Franklin  co.  Pennfylvania, 
runs  foutberly  in  a  winding  courfe,  and 
after  fupplying  a  number  of  mills,  emp- 
ties into  uie  Potowmack,  at  William 
port,  in  Waihington  co.  Maryland  ;  19 
miles  S.  £.  of  Hancock,  and  8  miles  S. 
pf  the  Pennfylvania  line. 

COMEMAUGH  Rrver,  and  Little  Co- 
ijemaugh,  are  the  head  waters  of  Kif- 
kenianitas,  in  Pennfylvania  :  after  paff- 
ing  through  Laurel  hill  and  Chefnut 
ridge,  Conemaugh  takes  that  name  and 
empties  into  the  Alleghany,  29  miles  N. 
E.  of  Pittlburg.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats,  and  there  is  a  portage  of  1 8  miles 
between  itijnd  the  Frankftown  Ijranch 
pf  Jm   ita  river, 

CoNENTES,  Las,  a  city  of  La  Plata 
pr  Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  in  the  dio- 
fefe  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

CoNESTEO,  a  N.  weftcrn  branch  of 
Tioga  R,  in  New  -York.  See  Canicadeo 
(Jreei. 

CoNESTOGA,  a  townfliip  in  Lancaf- 
ter  CO.  Pennfylyania. 

CoNEsus,  a  fmall  lake  in  the  Gen- 
ffTce  country,  N.  York,  which  fends 
its  waters  N.  W.  to  Geneffee   river. 

CoNCAREE,  a  confiderable  river  of 
5.  Carolina,  formed  by  the  confluence 
tf   Sajuda    and  flroad    rivers,     The 


union  of  the  waters  of  Congaree  aM 
Wateree,  form  the  Santec. 

CONHOCTON  Cr*f*,  in  New-Yorki 
is  the  northern  head  water  of  Tioga  R. 
Near  its  mouth  is  the  fettlement  called 
Bath. 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  North-America,  called  b^  the 
ancient  natives  ^unnibtieut,  is  ntuat- 
ed  between  41.  and  4i«  2.  N.  lat.  and 
between  71.  ao.  and  73.  15.  W.  long. 
Its  greateft  breadth  is  72  miles,  its 
length  100  miles  ;  bounded  N.  by 
Mail'achufetts  ;  £.  by  Rhode-I. ;  S.  by 
the  found  which  divides  it  from  Long-I. 
and  W.  by  the  ftate  of  New- York.  This 
ftate  contains  about  4674  fquare  miles ; 
equal  to  about  2,640,000  acres.  It  is 
divided  into  8  counties,  viz.  Fairfield, 
New-Haven,  Middlefex  and  New-Lon- 
don, which  extend  along  the  found 
from  W.  to  E. ;  Litchfield,  Hartford, 
Tolland,  and  Windham,  extend  in  the 
fame  dhredtion  on  the  border  of  the 
ftate  of  Maflachufetts.  The  counties 
are  divided  and  fubdivided  into  town- 
fliips  and  parilhes ;  in  each  of  which  is 
one  or  more  places  of  public  worfhip, 
and  fchool^ioufes  at  convenient  diftan- 
ces.  The  numberof  townihips  is  about 
100.  Each  towmlhip  is  a  corporation 
inverted  with  powers  fufficient  for  their 
own  internal  regulation.  The  number 
of  reprefentatives  is  fometimes  1 80 ;  but 
more  commonly  about  160  ;  a  mtmber 
fully  adequate  to  legiflate  for  a  wile  and 
virtuous  people,  well  informed,  and 
jealous  of  their  rights;  and  whole  ex-< 
temal  circumftances  approach  nearer  to 
equality  than  thofc,  perhaps,  of  any 
other  people  in  a  ftate  of  civilization,  ir^ 
the  world. 

The  principal  rivers  in  this  ftate  are, 
Connecticut,  Houfatonick,  the  Thames, 
and  their  branches,  which,  with  fuch 
others  as  are  worthy  of  notice,  will  be 
deicribed  under  their  refpeftive  names. 

The  whole  of  the  fea-coaft  is  indent- 
ed with  harbors,  many  of  which  are 
fafe  and  commodious ;  thofe  of  New- 
London  and  New-Haven  are  the  moft 
important.  This  ftate  fends  fcven  re- 
prefentatives to  Congrefs. 

ConneCHcut,  though  fubjeA  to  the 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  m  their  fea- 
fons,  and  to  frequent  fudden  changes, 
is  very  healthful.  It  is  generally  brok- 
en land,  made  up  of  mountains,  hills 
^9d  valUes;  and  is  exceedingly  well 

watered, 


CON 


cofr 


je  United 

cd  by  the 

,  is  ntuat* 

J.  lat.  and 

.  W.  long. 

miles,  its 

ed  N.  by 

:-I. ;  S.  by 

)m  Long-I. 

rort.  This 

tare  miles ; 

res.    It  is 

.  Fairfield, 

New-Lon- 

the  found 

Hartford, 

end  in  the 

der  of  the 

e  counties 

into  town- 

of  which  is 

ic  worfhip, 

lient  diftan- 

ips  is  about 

:orporation 

ntfor  their 

"he  number 

»i8o;  but 

i  a  mimber 

r  a  wife  and 

irmed,  and 

whofe  ex-> 

ch  nearer  to 

ips,  of  any 

ilization,  'ii\ 

lis  ftate  are« 
he  Thames, 
,  with  fuch 
ice,  will  be 
hve  names, 
fl  is  indent- 
which  are 
fe  of  New- 
re  the  moft 
Is  fcven  re- 

jeA  to  the 
n  their  fea- 
en  changes, 
erally  brok- 
[itains,  hills 
iingly  well ' 
watered, 


^ratcred.  Some  fmall  parts  of  it  art 
thin  and  barren.  Its  principal  produc- 
tions arc  Indian  com,  rye,  wheat  in 
many  parts  of  the  ftate,  oats,  and  bar- 
ky, wmich  are  heavy  and  good,  and  of 
late,  buck  wheat— flax  in  large  quanti- 
ties—fome  hemp,  potatoes  of  feveral 
kinds,  pumpkins,  turnips,  peas,  beans, 
&c.  &c.  Fruits  of  all  kinds  which  are 
common  to  the  climate.  The  foil  is 
very  well  calculated  for  pafturage  and 
mowing,  which  enables  the  farmers  to 
feed  large  numbers  of  neat  cattle  and 
horfes. 

The  trade  of  Conhedlicut  is  princi- 
pally with  the  Weft-India  iflands,  and 
is  carried  on  in  veflels  from  60  to  140 
tons.  The  exports  confift  of  horfes, 
mules,  oxen,  oak  ftaves,  hoops,  pine 
boards,  oak  plank,  beans,  Indian  corn, 
iifh,  beef,  pork,  &c.  Horfes,  live  cattle, 
and  lumber,  are  permitted  in  the  Dutch, 
Danifh,  and  French  ports.  A  large 
number  of  coafting  veflels  are  employed 
in  carrying  the  produce  of  the  ftate  to 
other  ftates.  To  Rhode-Ifland,  Mafla- 
chfetts  and  New-Hampfliire,  they  carry 
pork,  wheat,  corn  and  rye — To  North 
and  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  but- 
ter, cheefe  falted  beef,  cyder,  apples, 
potatoes,  hay,  &c.  and  receive  m  re- 
turn, rice,  indigo  and  money*  But  as 
New- York  is  nearer,  and  the  ftate  of 
the  markets  always  well  known,  much 
of  the  produce  of  Conne<Sicut,  efpeciat 
ly  of  the  weftern  parts,  is  carried  there  ; 
particularly  pot  and  pearl  ailies,  flax 
feed,  beef,  pork,  cheefe  and  butter,  in 
large  quantities.  Moft  of  the  produce 
of  Conne(5licut  river  from  the  parts 
of  Maflachufetts,  New-Hampihire  and 
Veimont,  as  well  as  of  Connedlicut, 
which  are  adjacent,  goes  to  the  iame 
market.  Confiderable  quantities  of  the 
produce  of  the  eaftern  parts  of  the  ftate, 
are  marketed  at  Bofton,Pro^fldence,  and 
Norwich.  The  value  of  the  whole  ex- 
ported produce  and  commodities  from 
this  ftate,  before  the  year  1774,  was 
then  eftimated  at  about  /|aoo,ooo  law- 
ful money,  annually.  In  the  year  end- 
ing .Sept.  30*1791,  the  amount  of  fo- 
reign exports  was  710,340  dolls,  beiides 
articles  carried  to  different  parts  of  the 
United  States,  to  a  gre&t  amount.  In 
the  year  J  79a— 749*945  dolls. — in  the 
year  i793~77o,»39  doUs.  and  in  the 
year  z794«-8o6,746  dolls.  This  ftate 
•wni  aad  eoiployt  iii  the  foreign  and 


coafting  trade,  31,867  tons  of  fhippinpi' 

The  farmers  in  Connefticut,  and  theit 
families,  are  moftly  clothed  in  plain*  . 
decent,  homefpun  cloth.  Their  lineni 
and  woollens  are  manufedtured  in  the 
family  way  ;  and  although  they  an? 
generally  of  a  coarfer  kind,  they  are  of 
a  ftronger  texture,  and  much  more 
durable  thanthofc  impoitedfromFrancii 
and  Great-Britain,  Many  of  theit 
cloths  are  fine  and  handfome.  Here  are 
large  orchards  of  mulberry  trees  ;  and 
filk-worms  have  been  reared  fo  fuccefl- 
fully,  as  to  promifcf  not  only  a  fupply 
of  filk  to  the  mhabitants,  but  a  fur- 
pluflagc  for  exportation.  .  . 

In  New-Haven,  are  linen  and  button 
manufaftories.'  In  Hartford,  a  woollen 
manufaftory  has  been  eftabliftiedi ;  like- 
wife  gla&  worksr  a  fnuif  and  powder 
mill,  iron  works,  and  a  flitting  milU 
Iron  works  are  tfftabliihed  alfo  at  Salis- 
bury, Norwich,and  other  parts  of  th< 
ftate.  At  Stafford  is  a  fttmace  at  whick 
are  made  large  quantities  of  hollow 
ware,  and  other  ironmongery,  fufficient 
to  fupply  the  whole  ftate.  Paper  it 
manufa^ured  at  Norwich,  Hartford, 
New-Haven,  and  in  Litchfield  county/ 
Ironmongery,  hats,  candles,  leathetTi^ 
fhoes  and  boots,  are  manufadtured  in 
this  ftate.  A  duck  manufactory  hat 
been  eftablifhed  at  Stratford. 

The  ftate  of  Connecticut  is  laid  out 
in  fmall  farms,  from  50  to  300  and  400 
acres  each,  which  are  held  by  the  farm- 
ers in  fee  fimple  ;  and  are  generally  well 
cultivated.   The  ftate  is  chequered  writh  ' 
innnn^rable  roads  or  highways  eroding  ' 
each  other  in  every  direction.    A  tra- 
veller in  any  of  thefe  roads,  even  in  the. 
moft  unfettled  parts  of  the  ftate,  will 
feldom  pafs  more  tlian  two  or  three  ' 
miles  without  finding  a  houfe  or  cot^ 
tage,  and  a  farm  under  fiich  improve- 
ments, as  to  afford  the  neceffaries  for 
the  fupport  of  a  family.    The  whole  ' 
ftate  refembles  a  well  cultivated  garden, 
which,  with  that  degree  of  induftry  that 
is  neceifary  to  happinefs,  produces  the 
neceffaries  and  conveniences  of  life  in 
great  plenty. 

The  inhabitants  arc  almoft  entirely 
of  Englifh  defcent.  There  are  no 
Dutch,  French,  or  Germans,  and  very 
few  Scotch  or  Irifh  people,  in  any  part 
of  the  ftate.  The  original  ftock  from 
which  have  fprung  all  the  prefent  iu'- 
I  babitanti  of  ConneCUcuti  and  the  nu- 

meroiu 


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'tterous  emipTHnts  from  the  ftate,  to  ev- 
ery part  of  the  U.  States,  conlifteJ  of 
.  ",1000  fouls,  who  fettled  in  the  towns  of 
Hartford,  Ncw-Hayen,  Windfor,  Guil- 
ford, Milford  and  Wethcrsfit  Id,  about 
the  years  1635  and  1636.  In  1756,  the 
'  population  of  th?  l^ate  amounted  to 
'J30,6rt  fouls  ;  in  1774,  to  I97,85<5  ; 
in  1782,  to  202,877  viliitcs,  and  6273 
Indians  and  negroes  ;  in  1790,  to 
^37i94<5  perfons,  of  whom  2764  were 
ilnvcs. 

The  people  of  Connefticut  arc  rcmark- 
tbly  fond  of  having  all  their  difpiites, 
€ven  thofe  of  the  mod  trivial  kind,  fet- 
tled according  to  law.  The  prevalence 
of  this  litigious  fpirit,  affords  tmploy- 
tnent  and  fupport  for  a  numerous  body 
of  lawyers.  That  party  fpirit,  howev- 
er, which  is  the  banc  of  political  hrppi- 
nefs,  has  not  raged  with  fach  violence 
in  this  ftate,  as  in  MafTachiifetts  and 
Rhodc-inand.  Public  proceedings  have 
been  condu<5led  generally  with  much 
calmnefs  and  candor.  The  people  are 
well  informed  in  regard  to  their  rights, 
and  judicious  in  the  methods  they 
adopt  to  fecure  them.  The  ftate  en- 
joys an  imcommon  fhare  of  political 
tranquillity  and  unanimity. 

All  religions,  that  are  confiftent  with 
the  peace  of  fociety,  are  tolerated  in 
"  Connedicut  ;  and  a  fpirit  of  liberality 
and  catholicifm  is  increafing.  There  are 
Tery  few  religious  fefts  in  tliis  ftate. 
The  bulk  of  the  people  are  Congrcga- 
tioralifts.  Befi-lesthefc,  there  arcEpif- 
copaliar.s  and  B".ptifts. 

The  damage  fiiltained  by  this  ftate 
in  the  late  war,  was  efiimatcd  at 
>C4'ii>2.1J-i6-i.  To  compenfate  the 
fufferers,  the  General  Court,  in  May 
T792,  granted  them  500,000  acres  of  the 
weftcm  part  of  the  relervcd  lands  of 
'  Connecticut,  which  lie  weft  of  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  very 
pleaftnt    towns,    both    maritime   and 
inland,  in  Conneifticut.     It  contains  five  i 
cities,  incorporated  with  extenlive  iurii-  i 
didtion  in  civil  caufes.    Two  of  the(e, 
Hartford  and  New-Haven,  are  capitals 
of  the  ftate.    The  General  Aflembly  is 
holden  at  the  former  in  May,  and  at  the  | 
liattei-  in  Odober,  annually. '  The  other  ; 
cities  are  New-London,  Norwich  and  1 
Middleton.     Weathersfield,  Windfor,  | 
Farmington,  Litchfield,  Milford,  Strat-  ] 
ford,    Fairfield,    Guilford,    Stamford, ; 


Windham,  Suflleld  and  Enfield,  are  alf 
confideraMe  and  very  pleafant  towns. 

In  no  part  of  the  world  is  the  educa- 
tion of  all  rrinks  of  people  more  attend- 
ed to  than  in  Connecticut.  Almoft  ev- 
ery town  in  the  ftate  is  divided  into 
diftridts,  and  each  diftridt  has  a  public 
fchool  kept  in  it  at  a  greater  or  kfa  part 
of  every  year.  Somewhat  more  than 
one  third  of  the  monies  arifing  fri>m  ,1 
tax  on  the  pollb  and  rateable  cftate  of 
the  inhabitants,  ig  appropriated  to  the 
fupport  of  fchooln  in  the  fcveral  towns, 
for  the  tducalion  of  children  and  youth. 
The  law  directs  that  a  grammar  fchool 
Ihall  be  kept  in  every  county  town 
throughout  the  ftate. 

Yale  College  is  an  eminent  feminary 
of  learning,  and  was  founded  in  the 
year  1 7 CO.     Si->t  Yale  Collrge. 

Acadcnues  have  been  eftabliilied  at 
Greenfield,  Haiiifield,  Norwich,  Wind- 
ham, and  Pomfret,  fome  of  which  arc 
Houriihing. 

The  cunftitirtion  of  Connedticut  is 
founded  on  their  charter,  which  was 
granted  by  Charles  11.  in  1662,  and  on 
a  law  of  the  ftate.  Contented  with  thi^; 
form  of  government,  the  people  havt- 
not  been  difpofed  to  run  the  hazard  ol 
framing  a  new  conftitution  fince  the 
declaration  of  independence. 

Agreeable  to  this  charter,  the  fupremc 
legiflative  authority  of  the  ftate  is  vefted 
in  a  governor,  deputy  governor,  twelve 
aftiftants  or  coimlellors,  and  the  repre- 
Icntatives  of  the  people,  ftyled  the 
General  Ailembly.  The  governor,  dep- 
uty governor  and  afliftants  are  annually 
cholcn  by  the  freemen  in  the  month  oV 
May.  The  reprefentatives  (their  num- 
ber not  to  exceed  two  from  each  town , 
arc  chofen  by  the  freemen  twice  a  year, 
to  attend  the  two  annual  fefiions,  01 1 
the  fecond  Tueldays  of  May  and  Odt  • 
ber.  i  he  General  Affcmbly  is  divided 
inttj  two  branches,  called  the  upper  and 
lower  houfcs.  The  upper  houfe  is 
compofed  of  the  governor,  deputy  gov- 
ernor and  afiiftants.  The  lower  houii: 
of  the  reprefentatives  of  the  people 
No  law  can  pafs  without  the  concur- 
rence of  both  houfes. 

Connedicut  has  ever  made  rapid  ad- 
vances in  population.  There  have  been 
more  emigrations  from  this,  than  from 
any  of  the  other  ftates  ;  and  yet  it  is  at 
prefcnt  full  of  inhabitants.  This  in- 
creafe  may  b«  afcribcd  to  fcveral  caufes. 

The 


\ 


eld,  nre  Si! 

nt   tOWHR. 

tlie  cduca- 

oie  attend - 

Almoft  ev- 

vided  into 

as  a  public 

or  lei's  part 

more  than 

ing  fn>in  <-i 

le  cftate  of 

atcd  to  the 

eral  towns, 

and  youth. 

imar  fchool 

unty   town 


kIc  rapid  ad- 
ere  have  been 
is,  than  from 
id  yet  it  is  at 
8.  This  in- 
everal  caufee. 
Thft 


COW 

TKe  bulk  of  the  inhabiunts  are  Induf- 
tiious,  fallacious  huibandmcn.  Their 
fiuma  fumifh  them  with  all  the  necefla* 
ricB,  moft  of  the  converiiencie«»  and  but 
fcw  of  the  luxuries  of  life.  They^  of 
•ourfe,muft  be  generally  temperate,  and 
if  they  choofe,  can  fubfaft  with  as  much 
independence  as  is  confiftent  with  hat>- 
pinefs.  The  fubfiftence  of  the  former 
18  fubftantial,  and  does  not  depend  on 
incidental  circumftances,  like  that  of 
moft  other  profcflions.  There  is  no 
neceflity  of  ferving  an  apprenticeihip  to 
the  burmeffl,  nor  of  a  large  ftock  of 
money  to  commence  it  to  advantage. 
Farmers^  who  deal  much  in  barter,  have 
lefs  need  of  money  than  any  other  clafs 
of  people.  The  cafe  with  which  a 
comfortable  (ubfiftence  is  obtained^  in- 
duces the  hufbandman  to  marry  young: 
The  cultivation  of  his  farm  makes  him 
ftrong  and  healthfuh  He  toils  cheerful- 
ly through  the  day— <ats  the  fruit  of 
lus  own  labour  xrith  a  gladfome  heart— 
at  night  devoutly  thanks  his  bounteous 
God  for  his  daily  bleffings— retires  to 
reft,  and  his  fleep  is.fweet.  Such  cir- 
cumflances  as  thcfe  have  greatly  con- 
tributed to  the  anuzing  increafe  of  in- 
habitants in  this  ftate^  Belides,  the 
people  live  under  a  free  govemmenti 
and  have  no  fear  of  a  tyrants  There 
are  no  overgrown  eftatesj  with  rich  and 
ambitious  landlords,  to  havA  an  undiie 
and  pernicious  influence  in  the  eleAioii 
of  civil  officers.  Property  is  equally 
enough  divided,  and  muft  continue  to 
be  fo,  as  long  as  eflates  defcend  as  they 
now  do.  No  perfon  is  prohibited  from 
Toti?.g.  He  who  has  the  moft  merits 
hot  he  who  hcia  the  moft  money,  is 
generally  chofen  into  publig  office;  As 
inftaftces  of  this,  it  is  to  be  obferVcd, 
that  many  of  the  citizens  of  Connefti- 
^ut,  from  the  humble  waika  of  life, 
have  arifen  to  the  firft  offices  in  the  ftate, 
and  filled  them  with  dignity  and  repu- 
tation. That  bafe  bufinefs  of  eleftion- 
fering,  which  is  fo.diredly  calculated 
to  introduce  wicked  and  defigning  men 
into  office,  is  yet  but  little  known  in 
Conne(£Hcut.  A  man  who  wiflies  to  be 
chofen  into  offipe,  adts  wifely,  for  that 
f  nd,  when  be  keeps  his  de0res  to  him- 
felf. 

A  thirft  for  iMming  prevails  among 

all  ranks  of  people  in  the  ftate.    More 

of  the  young  men  in  Conne<5Ucut,  in 

faroportioa  to  their  numbers,  recshre  a 

[Pi] 


con 

pubHe  education,  than  in  any  of  Out 
ftates. 

The  revolution,  which  fo  eflentianf 
affedted  the  government  of  moft  of  the 
colonies,  produced  no  very  perceptible 
alteration  in  the  government  of  CoD'* 
nedticut.  While  under  the  jurifdidtioa 
of  Great-Britain,  they  eleded  their  own 
governors,  and  all  fuoordinate  civil  ofii^ 
cers,  and  made  their  owi:  laws,  in  the 
fame  manner,  and  with  as  little  control 
as  they  now  do.  Connedicut  has  ever 
been  a  republic  |  and  perhaps  as  perfedt 
and  as  happy  a  republic  as  has  ever 
exifted.  While  other  ftates,  more  mo- 
narchical in  their  government  and  man- 
ners, have  been  under  a  neceffity  of  un<- 
dertaking  the  difficult  talk  of  altering 
their  old,  or  forming  new  conftitutions^ 
and  oif  changing  their,  monarchical  for 
republican  manners,  Connecticut  has 
uninterruptedly  proceeded  in  her  old 
track,  both  as  to  government  and  man- 
ners ;  and,  by  thefe  means,  has  avoided 
thofe  convulnons  which  have  rent  othec 
ftates  into  violent  parties. . 

The  ijrcfent  territory  of  Connedticut^ 
at  the  time  of  the  firft  arrival  of  the 
Englifti,  was  polTeired  by  the  Pequot^ 
the  Mohesan^  Podunkj  and  many  other 
finaller  tribes  of  Indians*  In  1 7  74  there 
were  of  the  defcendants  of  the  ancient 
natives^  only  1363  perfons ;  the  greatet 
part  of  whom  lived  at  Mohegan,  be- 
tween Norwich  and  New-London- 
From  the  natural  decrcafe  of  the  IncU- 
ans,  it  is  imagined  that  their  num- 
ber io  this  ftate  do  n6t  now  exceed  400W 

The  firft  grant  of  Connedticut  wa« 
i^ade  by  the  Plymouth  council  to  the 
Earl  of  Warwick^  in  1630.  The  year 
following  the  Earl  affigned  this  grant  to 
Lord  Say  and  .Seal,  Lord  Brook,  and 
nine  others.  Some  Indian  traders  fet- 
tled at  Windfor  in  1633.  The  fame 
year,  d  little  before  the  arrival  of  the 
Englifli,  a  few  fDutch  traders  fettled  at 
Hai-tford,  a^d  the  remains  of  the  fettlc- 
ment  are  ftill  vifible  on  the  bank  of  Con- 
nedticut river.  In  1634,  Lord  Say  and 
Seal,  &c.  lent  over  a  ftnall  number  of 
men^  who  built  a  fort  at  Saybrook» 
and  made  a  treaty  with  the  Pequot  In- 
dians for  the  lands  on  Connedticut  R. 
Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hooker  left  Maf? 
fachufetts-bay  in  1634,  and  iettled 
Hartford.  The  following  year  Mr.  Ea- 
ton and  Mr.  Davenport  feated  tliem^- 
felvev  at  New-Haven.  ^  .  , .  ..^ 

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In  i644«  tkeConnedicutadvcntdrers 

purchalld  of  Mr.  Fenwick,  agent  lor 
Lords  Say  and  Seal,  and  Lord  Brtmk, 
tbeir  right  to  the  colony,  for  X|i6oo< 

Connecticut  and  New-Haven  ccm- 
tinued  two  diflind  govtmmenti  for 
many  years.  At  length,  John  WLnthrop, 
£fq.  who  had  been  chol'en  governor  of 
ConnCi^Hi-ut,  was  employed  to  foiicit  ^ 
royal  charter.  In  i/)6j,  Charlca  il. 
granted  a  charttr,  conllitutinji;  the  two 
colonies  forever  one  body  coiporate 
and  politic,  by  the  namt-  or  "  The  j{ov- 
crnor  and  company  of  Conne«^iciit." 
New-Iiavcii  took  the  affair  111 ;  but  in 
1665,  .tU  diflictiltiee  were  amicably  ad« 
jufted  ;  and  as  has  been  already  obfcrrj 
ed,  thid  charter  (till  continues  to  be  the 
bafis  of  their  government. 

Connecticut,  the  mod  confidera- 
ble  river  in  the  eaftem  part  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  rifes  in  the  highlands  which 
ieparate  the  (tateii  of  Vermont  and  New- 
Hampihire  from  Lower  Canada.  It  has 
been  furveyed  about  15  miles  beyond 
the  45th  degree  of  latitude,  to  the  head 
fpring  of  its  northern  branch  ;  from 
whichy  to  its  mouth,  is  upwards  of  300 
miletrf  through  a  thick  fettled  country  ; 
having  upon  its  bj^nks  a  great  number 
of  the  moft  flourilhing  and  pleafant 
towns  in  the  United  States.  It  is  trom 
80  to  100  rods  wide,  130  miles  from  ito 
mouth.  Its  courl'e  between  Vemwnt 
and  New-Hamplhire  is  generally  S.  S. 
VV.  as  likewife  through  Mairachufetts, 
and  part  of  Connet^icut,  until  it  reaches 
the  city  of  Middleton  ;.  after  which  it 
runs  a  S.  S.  E.  courfe  to  its  mouih. 
The  navigation  of  this  beautiful  river, 
which,  like  the  Nile,  fertili'/es  Ihe  lantis 
through  which  it  runs,  is  much  obftrudt- 
ed  by  falls.  Two  of  thel'e  arc  between 
New-Hamplhire  and  Vermont,  the  fiilk 
are  called  the  Fifteen  mile  fall's.  Here 
the  river  is  rapid  for  ao  miles.  Tlie  fe- 
cond  remarkable  fall  is  at  Walpole,  for- 
merly called  the  Great  Fall,  but  now 
named  Bellows'  Fjilb.  Above  thefe,  the 
breadth  of  the  river  i3,inromeplaces,  %i, 
in  other  places  not  above  16  rods.  The 
depth  of  the  channel  is  about  ay  feet ; 
and  commonly  runs  full  of  water.  In 
Sept.  179a,  however,  owing  to  the  fc- 
vere  drought,  the  water  of  the  river^  it 
is  laid,  "  palR'd  within  the  fpace  of  la 
feet  widet  and  a|  feet  deep."  A  large 
rock  divides  the  ftream  into  two  chan- 
ael8>  each  about  90  feet  wide.    When 


tlie  river  is  low  iht  caftarn  ohaimd  U 
dry,  being  croflcd  by  a  fobd  rock )  and 
the  whole  ftream  falls  into  the  weftcm 
channel,  where  it  is  contraflcd  to  tht' 
bri'adth  uf  16  feelr  and  Ooiws  with  af« 
toniihing  rapidity.'  There  are  ieverai 
pitches,  one  above  another,  in  the  length 
of  half  a  mile  ;  the  l.irgcft  of  which  is 
that  where  the  rock  divides  the  ftream. 
A  bridge  of  timber  was  prqje«5letl  over 
this  fall,  bv  col.  Hair,  in  the  year  1784* 
36s  feet  long,  and  fupported  in  the 
middle  by  the  idand  rock  ;  under  which 
the  higheft  floods  pals  without  injuring' 
it.  This  is  the  only  lM-i<lge  on  the  R* 
but  It  is  contemplated  to  ere<^  another 
30  miles  nbove,  at  the  middle  bar  of 
Agar^  Falls,  where  the  paflage  for  the 
water,  between  the  rocks,  is  above  lob 
feet  wide.  This  will  conneft  the  towns 
of  Lebanon  in  N.  Hamplhire,  and  Hart- 
ford in  Vermont ;  as  the  former  bridge 
conne(*>8  Walpole  in  N.  HampfliirCt 
with  Rockingham  in  Vermont.  Not- 
withftanding  the  velocity  of  the  cur- 
rent at  Bellows'  Falls,  above  defcribed, 
the  falmon  pafs  up  the  river,  and  are 
taken  many  miles  above;  but  the  fhad 
proceed  no  farther.  On  the  fteep  fides 
of  the  ifland  rock,  at  the  fall,  hang  fe« 
veral  arm  chairs,  fecured  by  a  counter^ 
poife  ;  in  thefe  the  fiftiermen  fit  to  catch 
falmon  with  filhing  nets.  Itl  the  courfe 
of  the  river  through  Maflachufetts,  arc 
the  falls  at  South-Hadley,  around  which, 
locks  and  canals  were  completed  in 
i795>  by  an  enterprizing  company,  in- 
coqiorated  for  that  purpofe  in  1792,  by 
the  Legiflatiire  of  Maflachufetts.  In 
Conne(iticut  the  river  is  obftnided  by 
falls  at  Enfield  ;  to  render  which  navi- 
,rable  in  boats,  a  company  has  been  in- 
'•o;porated,  and  a  fum  of  money  raifed 
}■  f  lottery,  but  nothing  effeftual  is  yet 
done.  The  average  dcfcent  of  this  river 
from  Wcathersfield  in  Vciinont,  ijo 
miles  from  its  niouth,  is  twof  feet  to  a 
mile,  according  to  the  barometrical  ob- 
icrvations  of  J.  Winthrop,  Efq.  made  in 
1786.  The  rivers  or  ftreams  which 
fall  into  Connedticut  R.  are  numerous ; 
fuch  of  them  as  are  worthy  of  notice 
will  be  feen  under  their  reii>eiiHve  names. 
At  its  mouth  is  a  bar  of  fand  which 
conliderably  obftrudts  the  navigation  ; 
it  has  10  feet  water  on  it  at  full  tides, 
and  the  fame  depth  to  Afiddleton,  iTon> 
which  the  bar  is  36  miles  diftant.  Above 
MidiUetonf  there  are  fhoals  which  have 
1.4  '-i  only 


iniiiringf 
the  R, 

another" 
bar  of 
for  the 


0fitfi  (ett  water  at  high  tide  |  ind  here 
the  tide  ebbi  .ind  flows  but  about  8  inch- 
es. Three  miles  aboTe  that  city,  the 
river  is  contracted  to  ab«at  40  rods  in 
breatith,  by  two  higli  mountaini.  On 
almoft  every  other  part  of  the  river  the 
l>anksare  low,  KnrffprcaU  into  fine  ex- 
tenfive  meadows.  •  In  the  fpring  AooUr, 
which  generally  happen  in  May,  thefr 
ijwadows  are  cowrcd  with  water.  At 
Hartrbrd,  the  water  fpnietimes  rifes  ao 
feet  above  the  common  furfacc  of  the 
liver,  and  the  water  havinj?  no  other 
outlet  but  the  above-mentioned  ftrait, 
it  is  fomctimcs  t  or  3  weeks  before  it 
returns  to  its  ufual  bed.  Thefe  Roods 
add  nothing  to  the  depth  of  water  on 
the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  ri^cr,  as  the 
bar  lies  too  far  oft'  in  the  found  to  be 
aife<^ed  by  them.  This  river  is  navi- 
gabJe  to  Hartford  city,  upwvds  of  50 
miles  fronn  its  mouth ;  and  the  produce 
of  the  country  for  400  miles  above  it  is 
brought  thither  in  boats.  The  boats 
which  are  ufed  in  this  bufinefs  are  flat- 
bottomed,  long  and  narrow,  and  of  fo 
light  a  make  as  to  be  portible  in  carts. 
Before  the  conftrudion  of  locks  and 
can^s  on  this  river,  they  were  taken 
out  at  3  different  carrying  places,  all  of 
which  made  15  miles.  It  is  expe^ed 
that  in  a  few  years  the  obftruftions  will 
be  all  removed.  Sturgeon,  falmon,  and 
ihad,  are  caught  in  plenty  in  their  fca- 
fon,  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  up- 
wards, excepting  fturgeon,  which  do 
not  afcend  the  upper  falls ;  beiides  a 
variety  of  fmall  filh,  fuch  oa  pike,  carp, 
perch,  &c. 

There  is  yet  a  ftronp  expectation  of 
opening  a  communication  between  this 
river  and  the  Merrimack,  through  Su- 
gar R.  which  runs  into  the  Connefticut 
at  Clarcmont  in  N.  Hampiliire,  and  the 
Contoocook,  which  falls  into  the  Mer- 
rimack at  Bofcawen. 

From  this  river  were  employed  in 
1789,  three  brigs,  of  180  tons  each,  in 
the  European  trade ;  and  about  60  fail, 
from  60  to  156  tons,  in  the  W.  India 
trade,  beiides  a  few  fiiliermen,  and  40 
or  50  coailing  veflels.  The  number  has 
contiderably  increafed  Ance. 

Connecticut^  a  dream  in' Long 
Ifland,  N.  York,  which  falls  into  a  bay 
at  the  S<  fide  of  the  ifland.  It  lies  a 
miles  to  the  fonthward  of  Rockonkama 
pond. 

Continental  FUlaget  was  fituated 


COO 

on  North  R.  in  New- York  Aate.  B<- 
Ibrc  its  dt'ftruClion  by  Sir  Henry  Clin- 
toti,  in  0«it.  1777,  there  were  here  bar- 
rack" for  2,000  men. 

CoNVKRsATioN  PotHtt  a  headland 
on  the  8.  fide  of  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Caliibrnia.  N.  lat.  3a.  .^0.  W.  long.  1 19. 

Conway,  atownfliipin  the  province 
of  New-Uninfwick,  Sudbury  co.  on  the 
weftcrn  bank  of  St.  John'u  R.  It  ha« 
the  bay  of  Fiindy  on  the  S.  and  at  the 
wefternmoft  p<iint  ofthctownfhip  there 
is  a  pretty  good  harbor  called  Mufquaih 
cove. 

Conway,  a  townfliip  in  the  N.  B. 
corner  of  Strafford  co,  Ncw-Hampftiire, 
on  a  bend  in  Saco  river,  incorporated 
in  1765,  and  contains  574  inhabitants. 
It  was  called  Pigiuacket  by  the  Indians. 

Conway,  a  thriving  townfliip  in 
Hampfliire  co.  Maflachufietts,  incorpo- 
rated in  1767,  and  contains  3092  inhal> 
itants.  It  lies  1 3  miles  N.  W.  of  North- 
ampton, and  115  N.  W.  by  W.  of 
Bouon. 

CoNVA,  a  river  in  Surinam,  or  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America. 

CooLOOME,  .in  Indian  town  Gtuated 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Talapoofe  R.  a  branch 
of  the  Mobile. 

Cook's  R.  in  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N, 
America,  lies  N.  W.  of  Prince  William's 
found,  and  1000  mites  N.  W.  of  Noot- 
ka  found.  N.  lat.  59.  30^  W.  long. 
IJ3.  13.  .luu  promifts  to  vie  with  the 
moft  conliderable  ones  already  known. 
It  was  traced  by  Capt.  Cook  for  »io 
miles  from  the  mouth,  as  high  as  N.  lat. 
61.  30.  and  fo  far  as  is  difcovered, 
opens  a  very  confiderable  inland  navi- 
gation by  its  various  branches.  The  in- 
habitants feemed  to  be  of  the  fame  race 
with  thofe  of  Prince  William's  found  ; 
and  like  them  had  glafs  beads  and 
knives,  and  were  alfo  clothed  in  iine 
fura.  ill.' 

Cookhouse,  ok  the  Cook<juago 
branch  of  Delaware  R.  is  fituated  m  the 
townfliip  of  Colchefter,  New- York,  iS 
miles  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Unadilla  riverw 

Cooper'j  IJlandi  one  of  the  Icfler 
Virgin  Ifles  in  the  Weft-Indies,  fituated 
S.  W.  of  Ginger  Ifland,  and  uninhabit- 
ed. It  is  5  miles  long,  and  i  broad.  N. 
lat.  18.  5.  W.  long.  6*.  57. 

Cooper,  a  large  and  navigable  river 
which  mingles  its  waters  virith  Afhley 
R.  below  Charlefton  city  in  S.  Carolina. 
Thefe  form  a  fpacious  and  convenient 

harbor^. 


I 


i         .  f,. 


I 


.H' 


t   ;'■' 


too 


t09 


liarbor,  which  conimui}ieatei  turith  the 
((tcan,  juft  below  Sullivan's  ifland, 
'which  it  leaves  on  the  N.  7  miles  S.  E. 
©f  the  city.  In  thefe  rivers'the  tide  rifes 
«6i  feet.  Cooper  R.  is  a  mile  wide  at 
the  ferry,  9  miles  above  Charlefton. 

CoopER*j  Towttf  a  poft  town  and 
townlhip,  in  Otfego  co.  New- York,  and 
is  the  compadt  part  of  the  townlhip  of 
Otfego,  and  the  chief  town  of  the  coun- 
try round  Lake  Otfego.  It  is  pleafant- 
ly  fituated  at  the  S.W.end  of  the  lake, 
«Dn  its  banks^  and  thofe  of  its  outlet ;  iz 
miles  N.  W.  of  Cherry  Valley,  and  73 
"W.  of  Albany.  Here  are  a  court-houfe, 
jaol,  and  academy.'  In  1791,  it  con- 
tained 29a  inhabitants.  In  1789,  it 
had  but  3  houfes  only  ;  and  in  the  fpring 
3795,  50  houfes  had  been  erefted,  of 
"wmchaboveafou/th  part  wererefpeft- 
able  »  ftory  dwelling-houfes,  with  every 
proportionable  improvement,  on  a  plaA 
regularly  laid  out  in  fquares.  N.  lat. 
42.  44.  W.  long.  74.  48. 

Cooper'j  Totun,  Pennfylvania,  is 
lituated  on  the  Sufqiiehanna  river. 
This  place,  in  1785,  was  a  wildemefs. 
INine  years  after,  it  contained  1800  in- 
habitants— a  large  and  handfome  church, 
with  a  fteeple — a  market  houfe  and  a 
ybettcring  houfe — a  library  of  1200  vol- 
/tunes,  and  an'  academy  of  64  Icholars. 
Four  hundred  and  feventy  pipes  were 
laid  under  ground,  for  thepurpofeof 
bringing  water  from  Wel>  Mountain, 
and  conducing  it  to  eveiy  houfe  in 
iown. 

Coop'j  Towftf  in  Harford  co.  Mary- 
land, lies  12  miles  N.  W.  of  Harford, 
nnd22  N.  eafterly  of  Baltimore  ;  mea- 
iuring  in  a  ftrait  hne. 

Coos,  or  Cohos,  the  country  called 
Upper  and  Lover  Coos,  lies  on  Con- 
neftiait  R.  between  20  and  40  miles 
above  Dartmouth  college.  Upper  Coos 
is  the  country  S.  of  Upper  Amonoofuck 
31.  on  John  and  Ifrael  rivers.  Lower 
Coos  lies  below  the  town  of  Haverhill, 
S.  of  the  Lower  Amonooftick.  The 
diftance  from  Upper  Coos,  to  the  tide 
in  Kennebeck  R.  was  meafured  in  1793, 
And  was  found  to  be  but  90  miles. 

CoosADES,  and  Indian  town  on  Ala- 
bama R.  about  60  itilles  above  its 
mouth,  on  Mobile  R. ;  below  McOil- 
iivray's  town,  and  oppofite  the  moUth 
«f  the  Oakfiifkee. 

Coo s A  H ATC HE E,  or  Coofaw,  a  river 
f f  S.  Carolina^  which  files  in  Orange- 


burg  diftrift,  and  running  a 'S.  8.  Wi, 
courfe,emptiesinto  Broad  R.and  Whale 
Branch,  which  feparate  Beaufort  ifland 
from  the  main  land.' 

CoosA,  or  Coofa  Hatcbat  a  river 
which  rifts  in  the  high  lands  of  the  Che^ 
rokees*  country,  and  joiningTallapoofe^ 
forms  Alabama  R.  Its  courfe  is  gene- 
rally 8.  running  through  the  countiy  of 
the  Natchez,  and  other  tribes  of  the 
Upper  Creeks,  the  rougheft  and  moft 
broken  of  thie  whole  nation.  It  is  rapid, 
and  full  of  rocks  and  flioals,  hardly 
navigable  for  canoes. 

CoosAWATCHiE,  or  Coo/5iA<«/fA»V,  2 
poft  town  in  Beaufort  diftrift,  S.  Caro- 
lina, fituated  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Coofa 
R.  over  which  a  bridge  has  ^een  lately 
erected.  It  is  a  flourifliing  place,  hav- 
ing about  40  houfes,  a  court-hv,ufe  and 
gaol.  The  courts  formerly  held  at 
Beaufort,  are  held  here.  It  is  33  miles 
from  Beaufort,  and  77  "W.  S.  "W.  of 
Charlefton. 

CooTSTowN,  in  Berks  00.  Pennfyl- 
vania, is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  Sau- 
hoca  creek,  a  branch  of  the  SchuylkiH 
R.  It'contains  40  houfes,  and  a  Ger- 
man Lutheran  and  Calvinift  church  unit- 
ed. It  ■  >  17  miles  N.  N.  E.  of  Read- 
ing, aj.i  73  N.  W.  by  N.  Of  Philadel- 
phia.    '  '        ' 

CopiAPO,  an  open  town  in  the  bifhop- 
rick  of  St.  Jago,  or  Chili  Proper,  in  S. 
America,  funous  for  its  mines  of  iron, 
brafs,  tin,  and  lead  ;  which,  however, 
are  not  worked.  The  goW  tnines  have 
drawn  about  900  people  here.  There 
are  alfo  great  quantities  of  load-ftone, 
and  lapis-iazuK,  I4  or  15  leagues  diftant ; 
where  there  are  alfo  fevei^  lead  mines. 
On  the  high  mountains  of  the  Cordillera, 
40  leagues  E.  S.  E.  from  the  port,  are 
mines  of  the  fineft  fulphor,  not  needing 
to  be  cleanfed,  and  which  fells  for  3 
pieces  of  eight  a-quintal,  at  the  port; 
from  vNrherice  it  Is  carried  to  Lima. 
Frelh  water  18  very  fearc*;.  Salt-petre 
is  found  in  the  vale  an  iiich  thick  on 
the  grodnd.  Between  this  and  Coquim- 
bo  is  no  tovm  or  village,  only  3  or  4 
farms.    Lat.  45. 10. S.  long.  75. 14.  W; 

Cop  PK  R  Ml  N  E,  a  large  river  of  New- 
Britain,  reckoned  to  bS4he  moft  north- 
em  in  North-America,  Taking  a  north- 
erly courfe  it  fills  into  the  Tea  tp  lat.  72. 
N.  and  about  119.  W.  IMg.  from 
Greenwich.  The  accounts  brought  by 
the  Indians  of  this  riv«!r  to  the  Lritifh 

porti 


8.  Wi, 
dWhats 
ntiflaml 

a  rhrer 

theChfr. 

lapooftf^ 

it  gene! 

untry  of 

of  the 

uid  moft 

is  rapid, 

hardly 

atehtey  a 

S.  Caro- 

ofCoofa 

;en  iatelj 

ace,  hav- 

loufe  and 

held  at 

33  milci 

W.  of 


.,., 


yofti  In  Hudfo:  y,  and  the  fpedmen* 
:^c<»pcrp«>d>«  1  by  them,  induced 
Mr.  Hearne  to  fet  out  from  Fort  Prince 
of  Wales  in  Dec.  1770,  ort  a  journey 
aifcovefy.  He  reached  the  river  on  U-^ 
I4ta  July,  at  40  miles  diftance  from  the 
fea,  and  found  it  all  the  way  incumbered 
with  ftoals  and  falls,  and  emptying  itfelf 
)tato  it  over  a  dry  flat  of  the  Ihorc,  the 
tide  being  then  out,  which  feemed  by 
the  edges  of  the  ice  to  rife  about  la  or 
14  feet.  This  rife,on  account  of  the  falls, 
will  carry  it  but  a  very  fmall  way  within 
At  river's  mouth ;  fo  that  the  water  in  it 
lias  not  the  Icaft  brackifh  tafte.  Mr. 
Hearne  had  the  moftextenfive  viewof  the 
fea,  which  bore  N.W.  by  W.  and  N,  E. ; 
when  he  was  about  8  miles  up  the  river. 
The  fea  ait  the  river's  mouth,  was  full 
of  iflands  and  fhoals ;  but  the  ice  was 
only  thawed  away  about  ^ths  of  a  mile 
from  the  Ihore,  on  the  17th  of  July. 
The  Bfquimaux  had  a  quantity  of  whale 
bone  and  feal  ikins  at  their  tents  on  the 
ihore. 

CoQUiMBO,  ktown  of  St.  Jago,  or 
Chili  Proper,  in  S.  America,  fituated  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  vale,  bearing  the 
lame  name,  on  a  gently  riling  ground. 
The  river  of  Coquimbo  gives  name  to 
the  agreeable  valley  through  which  it 
rolls  to  the  fea ;  and  the  bay  at  its 
mouth  is  a  very  line  one,  where  ftiips 
lie  lafely  and  commodioufly,  though 
the  coaft  is  rocky,  fome  iflands  lying  fo 
as  to  keep  off  the  winds.  The  town  is 
propetly  called  La  Seretui^  from  the 
agrceablenefs  of  the  climate  ;  being 
continually  ferene  and  pleafant.  The 
Areets  are  well  laid  out,  and  there  are 
5  or  6  convents ;  but  the  houfes  are  not 
handfome.  The  foil  is  fruitful  in  corn, 
wine,  and  oil,  and  the  brooks  bring 
<iown  quantities  of  gold  duft  after  heavy 
rains.  Here  are  no  gold  mines,  but 
plenty  of  copper ;  one  of  which,  5 
leagues  N.  from  the  city  on  Mount 
Cerro  Verde,  or  Green  Hill,  is  high,  and 
ihaped  Uke  a  fagar  loaf;  fo  that  it  may 
ferve  as  a  land  tnark  to  the  port.  It 
lies  a6o  miles  N.  of  St.  Jago,  and  juftly 
boafts  of  one  of  the  iineft  iituations 
in  the  world;  but  the  arbitrary  gov- 
ernment of  Spain  renders  it  a  place  of 
little  importance. 

Coral  Rivert  in  New  Mexico,  runs  a 
courfe  W.  by  S.  and  empties  into  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  California,  clofc  by 
the  mouth  of  Collerado  river. 


con 

Coram,  a  poft  town  in  Sttffolk  to. 
Long  I.  New-York.  It  haa  about  6« 
homes,  and  lies  6a  nulet  eaftward  at 
New-Y(»<k  city,  and  10  from  8mitl)«;, 
town, 

CORCAS,  or  Grand  Corcat,  an  ifland 
almoft  in  the  form  of  a  crefcent,  N.  of 
St.  Domingo,  in  the  windward  paiTage, 
about  7  leagues  W.  of  Turk's  I.  and 
about  20  £.  of  Little  Inagua,  or  Henea- 
gua.    N.  lat.  21.  ji'W.  long  70.  SS' 

Cordillera.    See  Andes. 

Cordova,  De  la  nueva  Aiidalu-^ 
sU:/acity  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  in 
the  jurifdi'**^ion  of  Charcas,  80  leagues 
S.  of  Santiago  del  Eftero.  Hen:  is  the 
Epifcopal  church  of  Tucuman,  with 
fome  monafteries,  and  a  convent.  It  it 
fruitful  in  grain,  honey^  wax,  friiits,  cot- 
ton, and  fugar.  It  abounds  with  lalt- 
pits,  and  hasluxuriant  paftures  for  mules. 
It  drives  a  great  trade  with  Buenof 
Ayres.  The  inhabitants  are  Spaniards* 
who  are  farmers  and  manufadlurers  of 
cotton  cloth,  which  they  fend  to  Potoli. 
S.  lat.  3 1 .  30.  W.  long.  63.30.  In  Cor- 
dova, in  the  Tucuman,  there  has  been 
found  the  greateft  inftance  of  longevity 
finoe  the  days  of  the  patriarchs.  From 
indifputable  evdcnce,  a  negrefs,  named 
Louifa  Truxo,  was  alive  in  1774,  aged 
one  hundred  and  jevcnty-five yean , 

Coke  Sound,  on  the  coaft  of  North- 
Carolina,  lies  S'.  of,  and  communicatet 
with,  Pamlico. 

CoRiENTEs,  a  cape  of  Mexico,  or 
New-Spair.,  on  the  N.  Pacific  ocean. 
N.  lat.  21.  W.  long.  109. 30.  Alfo,the 
name  of  the  S.  weftemmoft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba. 

CoRiENTES,  Los,  a  fmall  city  within 
the  government  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  S. 
America,  was  built  by  the  Spaniards  on 
the  confliienceof  the  Parana  &  Paraguay, 
80  leagues  highci:  than  Santa  Fe,  on  the 
Rio  de  Plata. 

Corinth,  a  townfhip  ii.  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  W.  of  Bradford,  coutaininj 
578  inhabitants. 

Cork  Buy,  on  the  £.  iide  of  New- 
foundland Illand. 

Cornish,  a  townfhip  in  Chefhire  co. 
New-Hampfliire,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
ConneAicut  K.  between  Claremont  an,d 
Plainfield,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Charlef'< 
town,  and  16  S.  of  Dartmouth  College. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1763.  In  I775n 
it  contained  309,  and  in  1790-^82  in- 
habitants.        ,.,,  (4^,44^  . 

COHNW^LI^ 


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cot 


'1.j?'  f  ■  li . 


CoRNwatt,  a  townfhip  in  Addifon 
eo.  Vermont,  j.  of  Bridport,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  containing  826  inhabitants. 

CoRNWAtL,  New,  ^  townfliip  in 
Orange  co.  New- York,  of  whofe  in- 
habitants, 3JO  are  eledors. 

Cornwall,  a  townfhip  in  Litchfield 
CO.  Connedicut,  about  9  miles  N.  of 
Litchfield,  11  S.  of  Salifburjr,  and  about 
40  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford  city. 

Cornwall,  a  fmall  town  in  Upper 
Canada,  on  the  bank  of  Iroquois  R.  near 
Lake  St.  Francis,  between  Kingfton  and 
Quebec,  containing  a  finall  church,  and 
about  30  or  40  houfes. 

CoRNWALLis,  a  town  in  King's  co. 
in  the  province  of  New-Brunfwick,  fit- 
uated  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  tbe  Bafin  of 
Minas;  18  miles  N.  W.  ofFahnouth, 
and  S5  N.  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Alfo,  a  river  in  the  fame  province, 
navigable  for  veflels  of  loo  tons  5  miles  ; 
for  veflels  of  50  tons  10  miles. 

CoRO,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Terra 
Frnna,  at  the  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Ve- 
nezuela, 60  miles  W.  of  La  Guaira.  N. 
!at.  II.  W.  lonjr  lo. 

COROPA,  a  i..ovince  of  S.  America, 
fituated  between  the  river  Amazon  and 
the  lake  Parune. 

CoRTLANDT,  atownftiipinthenorth- 
cm  p^  of  the  county  of  Weft  Cheft^r, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  New- 
York,  containing  193  a  inhabitants,  of 
whom  66  are  flaves.  Of  its  inhabitantSj 
in  1796, 305  were  eleftors. 

CosTA  Rica,  or  the  Ricb  Coaj?,  as 
its  name  fignifies,  is  fo  called  from  its 
rich  mines  of  gold  and  filver,  thofe  of 
Tinfit,'al  being  preferred  by  the  Spaniards 
to  the  mines  of  Potofi  j  but  m  other 
refpedti,  it  is  mountainous  and  banen. 
It  is  fituated  in  the  audience  of  Guati- 
mala,  in  New-Spain,  bounded  by  the 
province  of  Veragua  on  the  S.  E,  and 
that  of  Nicaragua  on  the  N.  E.  It 
reaches  from  the  N.  to  the  S.  fea,  about 
90  leagues  from  E.  to  \V.  and  is  50 
where  broadeft,  from  N.  to  S.  It  has 
much  the  &me  produdions  as  its  neigh- 
boring provinces;  and  in  fome  places 
the  <*-jil  is  good,  and  it  produces  cocoa. 
Or.  the  N,  fea  it  has  two  convenient 
baysjthemoftwefteriycalledSt.Jerom'i, 
antl  that  nta»' the  frontiers  of  Veragua, 
called  Caribaco  ;  and  on  the  S.  fea  it 
has  fsveral  bays,  capes,  and  convenient 
places  for  anchorage.  Chief  town  Ny- 
coya. 


CoT^BAMBO,  a  jurifdidion  in  Pei% 
S.  America,  fubjeiSt  to  the  bi^iop  of  Cuf- 
CO,  and.  lies  20  leagues:  S*  \  "•  of  that 
city.  It  abounds  in  grain,  6.  its,  and 
cittlc.  Its  rich  mines  ate  now  almolt 
exhaufted. 

CoTEAUx,  Les,  a.  town  on  the  road 
from  Tiburon  to  Port  Salut,  on  the  S. 
fide  of  the  S.  peninfula  of  the  iflaod  of 
St.  Domingo,  13^  leagues  £..by  S.  of 
tlie  former,  and  4  N.  W.  of  the  latter. 
N.  lat.  18.  la. 

CoTOPAXi,  a  large  volcano  near  La- 
taacungo,  an  affiento  or  dependence  on 
the  province  of  Quito,in  Peru,S.  Ameri- 
ca. It  lies  nearly  under  the  line,  )ret  the 
tops  of  it  arc  generally  coveted  with  ice 
and  fnow.  It  firft  fliewed  itfelf in  155 3, 
when  Sebaftian  de  Bdacazar  firft  enter* 
ed  thefecountrie8,which  eruption  proved 
favorable  to  iusenterprife»«s  it  coincided 
with  a  predidion  of  the  Indian  priefts, 
that  the  countiy  fhould  be  inTadcd  o?.. 
the  burfting  of  this  volcano  ;  and  ai' 
cordingly  it  fo  happened  ;  for  before 
1559  he  had  fubdued  all  the  country. 

CoTUY,  a  canton  and  town  in  tha 
Spanifii  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Ootnin* 
go,  bounded  £.  by  the  bay  of  Samana» 
N.  by  tJie  chain  of  mountains  called 
Monte-Chrift,  W.  by  the  territory  of 
la  Vega,  and  8,  by  the  chain  of  moun- 
tains called  Scvico.  In  1505,  tlie  gold 
mines  were  worked  here.  In  the  moun-^ 
tain  of  Meymon,whence  comes  the  riv- 
er of  the  fame  name,  there  is  a  copper 
mine,  fo  rich,  that  when  refined  wiU 
produce  8  per  cent,  of  gold.  Here  ai-e 
alfo  found  excellent  lapis-lazuli,  a  ftreak- 
ed  chalk,  that  fome  painters  prefer  to 
bole  for  gilding  ;  loadftonc,  emeralds, 
;md  iron.  The  iron  is  of  the  beft  qual- 
ity, and  mi^ht  be  conveyed  fix)m  the 
chain  of  Sevico  by  means  of  the  river 
Yuna.  'The  foil  here  is  excellent,  and 
the  plantanes  produced  here  are  of  fuch 
fuperior  quality,  that  this  manna  of  the 
Antilles  is  called  at  St.  Domingo  Sun* 
day  plantanes.  The  people  cultivate 
tobacco,  but  are  chiefly  cm^doyed  in 
breeding  fwine.  The  mhabitants  are 
called  clow!  'ih,  and  of  an  unfociablo 
character. 

The  town  is  {ita-»ted  half  a  league  from 
the  S,  W.  bank  of  the  \  ^ma,  which  be- 
comes unn^vigable  near  this  place,  a- 
bout  13  leagues  from  its  mouth  in  the 
bay  of  Saniana.  It  contains  160  feat-* 
tered  houl'es,  in  the  middle  of  a  littk 

favannaf 


t6V 


CH  A 


in  Peniy 
)pofCuf- 
.  of  that 
v.its,  and 
w  almolt 

I  the  road 
on  the  S. 
ifland  of 
..byS,  of 
he  latter. 

nearLa> 
idence  on 
S.Ameri- 
ie,)retthe 
d  with  ice 

fin  155  3» 
irft  entet'^ 
on  proved 
coincided 
in  priefts* 
ivaded  o?.; 
;  and  ai' 
br  befort 


i  a  copper 
fined  wiU 

Here  ai-e 
li,  a  ftreak- 

prefer  to 
emeralds, 
beft  qual- 

ftx)m  the 
F  the  river 
silent,  and 
u-eoffuch 
nna  of  the 
ingo  Sun* 

cultivate 
ployed  in 
»itant3  are 
unfociablo 

agrie  from 
which  be- 
t  place,  a-> 
tith  in  the 

x6o  feat-* 
of  a  little 

favanna. 


fcVanna,  and  furrounded  with  woods, 
30  leagues  northerly  •  o€  St.  Domingo, 
trnd  t»  S.  E.  of  St.  Yago.  N.  lat.  19. 
H.  W.  long;  ■ftnom  Parijr  74.  «7. 

CovDRAs,  a  fmall  ifland  in  St.  Law- 
rence river,  about  45  miles  N.  E.  ctf 
Quebec.    ■  •'  "•       '<;■[• 

Country  Hafbon  fo  called,  is  about 
to  leagues  to  the  eaftward  of  Halifax, 
in  Nova-Scotiaj  ' 

Coupee',  or  Cut  Pointy  a  fliort  tiim 
in  the  river  Miffifippi,  about  35  miles 
above  Mantchac  fort*  at  the  gut  of  Ib- 
berville,  and  459  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river.  Gharleroix  relates  that  the  river 
formeriy  made  ft  great  turn  here,  and 
'■^me  Canadians,  Of  deepening  the  chan- 
nel of  a  fmall  brook,  diverted  the  wa- 
ters of  the  river  into  it,  in  the  year  172*. 
The  impetuofity  of  the  ftrettm  was  fuch, 
and  the  foil  of  lo  rich  and  loofe  a  qual- 
ity, that  in  a  fliort  time  the  point  was 
entirely  cut  through,  and  the  old  chan- 
nel left  dry,  except  in  imindations  :  by 
iviiich  travellers  lave  14  leagues  of  their 
voyage.  The  new  channel  has  been 
founded  with  a  Kne  of  jo  fathoms,  with- 
out finding  bottom. 

The  Spanifh  ffettlements  of  Point 
Coupe^,  extend- ao  nules  on  the  W.  fide 
of  the  Miffifipph;  and  there  are  fome 

Slantations  badcf  onthefide  of  La  Faufe 
:iviere,  through  which  the  Miflifippi 
pafTed  about  70  'years  ^igo.  The  fort 
at  Point  Coupe^  is  a  fquare  figure,  with 
four  baftions,  built  with  ftockades. 
There  were,  fome  years  fince,  about 
aooo  white  inhabitants  and  7000  flaves. 
They  cultivate  Indian  com,  tobacco, 
and   Ki  Irpo  ;    raife   vafl  quantities  of 


pO  .<ii 

\    - 
CO.  Coi 


•"hich  they  fend  to  New-Or- 
T  ley  alfo  fend  to  that  city 
itir-'her,  ftaves,  &c. 
?■•  '.Y,  a  townfhip  in  Tolland 
.1  ;5l;'''at,  ao  miles  E.  of  Hart- 
ford city,  xt  was  fettled  in  1709,  being 
purchafed  by  a  number  of  Hartford  gen- 
tlemen of  one  Jofhua,  an  Indian. 

Coventry,  in  Rhode-IIland  flate,  is 
the  N.  eaftemmoft  townfhip  in  Kent 
CO.    It  contains  4477  Inhabitants. 

CovBNTRY,  a  townfhip  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  New-Hampfhire,  in  Graf- 
■OB  CO.    It  was  Incorporated  in  1 764, 
.?A  contains  So  inhabitants. 

CovENTRT,  a  townfhip  in  Orleans 
'-X'.  Vf  jTT.ont.  tt  lies  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  ftatc,  at  the  S.cnd  of  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog.    Black  R.  paiTcft  through 


this  town  in  its  courfe  to  Memphrtttta^ 
gog. 

Coventry,  a  townfhip  in  Chefler 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Cowe\  is  the  capital  town  of  the 
Cherokee  Indians,  fitUated  on  the  foot 
of  the  hills,  on  both  fides  of  the  river 
Tenneffee.  Here  terminates  the  great 
vale  ol"  Cowe,  exhibiting  one  of  the 
moft  charming,  natural,  mountainous 
landfcapes  that  can  be  feen.  The  vale 
is  clofed  at  CoWe  by  a  ridge  of  hi";h 
hills,  called  the  Jore  mountaim.  Tntf 
town  contains  about  ioo  habitations.    ' 

In  the  cdnftitution  of  the  flate  o£ 
TennefTeej  Cowe  is  defcribed  as  near 
the  line  which  feparates  TennefTee  from 
Virginia,  and  is  divided  from  Old-Cho- 
ta,  another  Indian  town,  by  that  part' 
of  the  Great  Iron  or  Smoaky  mountain, 
called  Unicoi,  or  Unaca  mountain. 

CowETAs,  or  Kowetas,  a  town  of 
the  Lower  Creeks,  in  Eift-Florida,  call- 
ed the  Bloody-town.     [See  jipalachico- 
h-tonvn.]    It  lies  On  the  W.  bank  of' 
Chata-Uche  R.  and  contains  aSo  men. 

Cow  AND  Calf  Pasture  Rivers, 
are  head  branches  of  Rivanna  river,  ia 
Virginia.     ' 

Cows  Ifland.    See  Vache. 

CowpENs,  a  place  fo  called,  in  S» 
Carolina,  between  PacOlet  river  and  the 
head  brwich  of  Broad  river.    This  is 
the  fpot  where  Gen.  Morgan  gained  a 
complete  viftory  over  lieut.  col.  Tarlc-  ,^ 
ton,  Jan.  11,  1781,  having  only  la  men 
killed  and  60  wounded.    The  Britifh.^ 
had  39  commifTioned  officers   killed,' 
wounded  and  taken  prif«ners ;  100  rank* 
and  file  killed,  aoo  wounded,  and  509  , 
prifoners.    They  left  behind,  a  pieces  " 
of  artillery,  a  ftandards,  800  mufkets, 
35  baggage-waggons,  and  loe  dragoon 
horfes,  which  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Americans.    The  field  of  battle  was  in 
an  open  wood. 

COXHALL,  a  townfhip  in  York  co.  ., 
diibria  of  Maine,   containing  775  in"* 
habitants. 

COxsAKiE,  a  townfhip  in  the  weft- 
em  part  of  Albanv  co.  New-York,  con- 
taining 3406  inhabitants,  of  whom  30* 
are  Oaves.  Of  the  citizens  613  are 
eledtors. 

CoYAU,  a  fettlement  on  TcnnelFee 
river,  30  miles  below  Knoxville. 

Crab-Orchard,  x  pdil  town,  oii 
Dick's  river,  in  Kentucky,  Smiles  frotn 
Cumberland  river,-and  15  miles  S.  E.  of 

Danville. 


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t;i»anTiIle.  The  road  to  Virginia  pafles 
trough  this  place. 

Cranberry,, a  thriving  town  in 
Afiddlefex  co.  New-Jerfef,  9  milei'  E. 
of  Princeton,  and  16  Si  S.  W.  of  Branf- 
wick.  It  contains  a  handfome  Prefby- 
ierian  church,  and  a  variety  of  manu- 
radtures  are  carried  on  by  its  induftrious 
inhiibitants.  The  ftage  from  New-York 
to  Philadelphia  pafles  through  Amboy,- 
this  town,  and  thence  to  Bordentown. 
'  Cranberry  Iflandty  on  the  coaft  of 
the  diftridl  ©f  Maine;  See  Mount  Def- 
trt  ijland. 

Crane Y,  a.  fmafl  ifland,  on  the  S. 
fide  of  James  river,  in  Virginia,  at  the 
mouth  of  Elizabeth  river,  and  ?  miles 
S.  W.  of  Fort  George,  on  P  int  Com- 
fort. It  comma'  '  the  'entrance  of 
both  rivers. 

Cranston,  is  the  .  .'aftemmoft 
townfliip  of  Providence  ..Rhode -1(1- 
and,  (ituated  on  the  W.  bauk  of  Provi- 
dence R.  5  miles  S.  of  the  towrt  6f  Pro- 
■ridence.  The  compaft  part  of  the 
town  contains  50  or  66  houfes,  t  Bap- 
tift  meeting-houfe,  handfome  fchool- 
Koufe,  a  diftillery,  and  a  number  of  faw 
and  grift  mills,  and  is  called  Pawtuxet, 
from  the  river,  on  both  fides  of  whofe 
mouth  it  ftfuids,  and  over  which  is'  a 
l^ridge,  connecting  the  two  parts  of  the 
town,  it  makes  a  pretcy  appearance 
as  you  pafs  it  on  the  river*  The  whole 
townfhip  contains  1877  inhabitants. 

Craven  Qo,  in  Newbe^n  diftridt,  N. 
Carolina,  is'  bounded  N.  by  Ktt,  and  3. 
by  Carteret  and  Ondow  counties.  Its 
chief  town  is  Newbem.  It  contains 
10,469  inhalutaatsy  of  whom'  365 S  are 
tfaves. 

Cree  Indians^  The,  inhabit  weft 
of  little  lake  Winnipeg,  around  fort 
i)auphin,  in  Upper  Canada. 

CreeoerV  TW/ff,  in  Frederick  cbi 
Masyland,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mono- 
cocy  R.  between  Qwing's  and  Hunting 
creeks,  which  fall  into  thrt  river }  9 
miles  foutlierly  of  Erinmtlburgh,  near 
the  Pennfylvania  line>  and  about  zx 
Bortherly  of  Fredericktown. 

Creeks,  confederated  nations  of  In- 
dians.   See  Mufcogulge, 

Creeks  Cr^ng  Plaeey  on  Tenneflee 
river,  is  about  40  miles  £.  S.  £.  of  the 
mouth  of  Elk  R.  at  the  Mufcle  (hoals^ 
ind  36  S.  W.  of  Nickajack,  m  the 
Georgia  wei^em  territory. 

Ck«iz^  St*  a  fiaall  savigable  nver 


in  Nova-'Scotik,  which  nkns  intor  ths 
Avon,  or  Pigiguit.    See  Avon. 

Croix,  St.  a  river  which  forms  part 
of  the  boundary  line,  between  the  Uni^^ 
ted  States  and  the  BritHh  province  of 
New-Briinfwick, .  and  empties  into  Paf* 
famaquoddy  bay.  Which  is  the  true 
St.  Croix  is  undetenniHed.r  Commif. 
fioners  are  appointed  by  both  countries* 
in  conformity  to  the  late  treaty,  to  de- 
cide this  point*    ~  . 

Croix,  St.  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  ter- 
ritory, which  empties  into  the  Mifiifip- 
pi  from  the  N.  N.  E.  about  50  nule< 
below  the  fjHs  of  St.  Anthony. 

Croix,  St.  .or  Santa  Cruzt  an  ifl- 
and  in  tht  Weft-Indies, ,  belonging  t« 
the  king,  oi^  Denmark,  lying  abtmt  5 
leagues  S.  E.  pf  St.  Thomas,  and  as  far 
£.  by  S<  Qf  Crab  ifland,  which  lies  ob 
the  E..eifd  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  about 
30  miles  in  length,  and  S  where  it  is 
broadeft,  and  is  rather  uVihealthy.  It 
is  faid  to  produce  30,000  or  40,oo* 
hhds.  of  fugar,  annually^  and  other  W< 
India  conunodities  in  tolerable  plenty* 
It  is  in  a  high  ftate  of  cultivation,  and 
has  about  3000  white  inhabitants,  and 
30,000  flaves..  A  great  proportion  of 
the  negroes  of  thjs  ifland  have  embraced 
chriftianity,  under  th^  Moravian  mif- 
fionaries,  whofe  ingueoce  has  been 
greatly  promotive  of  the  profperity  of 
this  ifland.  N.  lat.  17.  50.  W.  long. 
64.  30.     See  Dqmjh  Wsjl-Iniiti, 

CROOKbD  IJlandi  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma or  l/ucayo  iflands,  in  the  W.  Ipdies.- 
The  middle  of  the  ifland  lies  in  N.  lat% 
»3.  W.  long.  73.  30. 

Crooked  Lake^  in  the  Geneflee 
cpuntry,-  communicates  in  an  £.  by  N. 
direction  with  Seneca  lake. 

Crooked  Lakes  one  of  the  chain  of 
imall  lakes'  which,  connedt^  the  lake  of 
the  Woods  with  lake  Superior,  on  the 
boundary  line  between  the  U.  States 
and  Upper  Canada,  remarkable  for  its 
rugged  cliifs,in  the  cracks  of  which  are 
a-  pumber  of  arrows  fticking. 

CiiooK,ED  K.  in  Camden  co.  Geor'' 
gia,  empties  into  the  fea  oppofite  Cum- 
berland ifland,  la  or  14  miles  N.  from 
the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's.  Itn  banks  are 
well  timbered,  and  i^s  courle  is  %  by  N. 

Cross  Capet  m  Upp«r  Canada,  pro- 
jefts  from  the  N.  £.  (ide  of  St.  Mary'i 
river,  at  the  outlet  of  lake  Superior,  op? 
pofcke  the  falls,  in  Nw  lat.  4«.  30.  W^ 
long.  8!4,  iO> 

C410SS' 


I 


.  Cros$»Creek,  a  townlhip  in  Wafh- 
bgton  county,  Pennfylvania. 
Cross  Creeks.     See  Fayetteville. 
Cross-Roads,  the  name  of  a  place 
in  North-Carolina,  near  Duplin  court- 
houfe,  33  miles  from  SAmpfon  court- 
houfe,  and  23  from  South- Wafhington. 
Cross-Roads,  a  village  in  Kent  co. 
Maryland,  fituated  a  miles  S.  of  George- 
town, on  Saffafras  R.  and  is  thus  named 
from  4  roads  which  meet  and  crofs  each 
other  in  the  village. 

Cross-Roads,  avillage  in  Chefter  c6. 
Pennfylvania,  where  6  different  roads 
meet.  It  is  47  miles  S.  E.  of  Lancaftcr ; 
II  N.  by  W.  of  Elkton,  in  Maryland, 
and  about  18  W.  N.  W.  of  Wihiiing- 
ton  in  Delaware. 

Crosswicks,  a  village  in  Burlington 
CO.  Nevv-Jerley  ;  through  which  the 
line  of  flages  palles  from  New- York  to 
Philadelphia.  It  has  a  refpedable  Qua- 
ker meeting-houfe ;  4  miles  S.  W.  of 
Allen  Town,  8  S.  E.  of  Trenton,  and 
14  S»,W.  of  Burlington. 

Croton  R.  a  N.  eaftem  water  of 
Iludfon  R.  rifes  in  the  town  6f  New- 
Fairfield,  in  Oonnedticut,  and  running 
through  Dutchefs  co.  empties  into  Tap- 
pan  bay.  Croton  bridge  is  thrown  over 
this  river  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  on 
the  great  road  to  Albany.  This  is  a 
folid  fubilantial  bridge,  14O0  feet  long, 
the  rbad  nan-ow,  piercing  through  a 
flate  hill.  U  is  fupported  by  16  ftone 
pillars.  Here  .'s  an  admirable  view  of 
Croton  Fallsj  where  the  water  precipi- 
tates itfelf  between  60  and  70  feet  per- 
pendicular ;  high  Date  bankaj  in  ibme 
places  100  feet ;  the  river  fpreading  into 
three  ftreams,  as  it  enters  the  Hudfun. 
Crow  Creeks  falls  into  the  Tennefll'e^ 
froiii  the  N;  W.  oppofite  the  Crow 
Town,  15  miles  below  Nickaj.ick  Town. 
Crows  Meadoivs,  a  river  in  the  N. 
W.  territory,  which  nms  N.  weftward 
into  Illinois  R.  oppofite  to  which  aie 
line  meadows.  Its  mouth  is  20  yards 
wide,  and  240  miles  frorr  che  Miffi- 
fippi.  It  is  navigable  between  15  and 
18  miles. 

Crown  Polntt  is  the  moft  foutherly 
townihip  in  Clinton  co.  New- York,  la 
called  from  the  celebrated  fortrcfs, 
which  is  in  it,  and  which  was  garrifon- 
ed  by  Britifh  troops,  from  the  time  of 
its  redudtion  by  gen.  Air.h  rrt  in  1759, 
till  the  late  revolution,  t  was  taken 
by  the  Americans  the  14th  jf  May  1775, 


C  R  tf 

and  retaken  by  the  Britifti  the  year  aftel** 
The  point  upon  which  it  was  ere<Sed, 
by  the  French  in  1731,  extends  N.  into 
lake  Champlain.    It  was  called  Kruyn 
Punt,  or  Scalp  Point,  by  the  Dutch, 
and  by  the  French,  Polnte  a  la  Cheve* 
leure.    The  fortrefs  they  named  Fort 
St.  Frederick.     After  it  was  repaired 
by  the  Britifli,  it  was  the  moft  regular 
andexpenfive  ofany  conftruded  by  them 
fh  America.    The  walls  are  of  wood 
and  earth,  about  16  feet  high  and  about 
ao  feet  thick,  nearly  150  yards  fquarc» 
and  furrounded  by  a  deep  and  broad 
ditch,  dug  out  of  the  folid  rock.    The 
only  gate  opened  on  the  N.  toward* 
the  lake,  where  was  a  draw-bridge  and 
a  covert-way,  to  fecure  a  communica- 
tion with  the  waters  of  the  lake,  in  cafe 
of  a  fiege.    On  the  right  and  left,  as 
you  enter  the  fort^  is  a  row  of  ftone 
barracks,  not  inelegantly  built,  which 
are  capable  of  containing  a  000  troops. 
There  were  formerly  feveral  out-works» 
which  are  now  in  ruins,  as  is  indeed 
the  cafe  with  the  principal  fort,  except 
the  walls  of  the  bafracks.    The  famous 
fortification  called  Ticondcroga  is  15 
miles  S.  of  this  ;  biit  that  fortrcfs  is  alfo 
fo  much  demoliflied,  that  a  ftranger 
would  fcarcely  form  an  idea  of  its  orig- 
inal csnftrudtion.    The  town  of  Crowa 
Point  has  no  rivers  ;   a  few  ftreams* 
however,   iflue    from  the  mountains, 
which  anfwer  for  mills  and  common 
Ufes.    liii  the  mountains,  which  extend 
the  whole  length  of  lake  George,  and 
part  of  the  length  of  lake  Champlain, 
are  plenty  of  moofc,  deer,  and  almoft 
all  the  other  inhabitants  of  the  fordl. 
In  1790,  the  town  contained  203  in- 
habitants.   By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1 796, 
it  appears  there  are  126  dcilors.    The 
fortrcfs    lic3    in   N.   lat.  44.  20.  W. 
l*i"g'  12'  36. 

Croyden,  a  tov/nftiip  in  Chefliire 
CO.  Ncv,-  Ila-.npfhire,  adjoining  Corniih^ 
and  about  18  miles  N.  E.  of  Charlef- 
town.  It  was  incorporated  in  1763. 
In  1775,  it  contained  143,  aid  in  1790^ 
537  inhabitants. 

Crvces,  a  tov.T;  of  Terra  Firma,  S: 
America,  5  leagues  from  Panama,  and 
htuatcd  on  Cliagre  river. 

Cruz,  Santa,  a  confiderable  town 
en  the  N.  coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba; 
about  30  miles  E.  by  IT.  of  the  Havan- 
nah,  and  1 1.?  N.  W.  by  N.  of  Cailiz.— 
Alfo  the  chief  tcwn  of  Cuzumd  ifland. 

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CUB 

.  Cruz,  Santa,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
or  New-Spain,  about  75  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  St.  Salvadore,  on  the  Pacific  ocean. 
It  is  fituated  on  the  gulf  of  Dulce, 
which  communicates  with  the  fea  of 
Honduras. 

Cruz,  Santa,  Dk  14A  Sierra,  a 
government  and  generalihip,  alfo  a  ju- 
rifdiftion  and  bilhoprick,  under  the 
bifliop  of  Charcas,  90  leagues  E.  of 
Plata,  in  Psru. 

Cruz,  Santa,  an  iSand  in  the  W. 
Indies.     See  5/.  Croix. 

Cuba,  is  the  moft  valuable  ifland  of 
^1  the  Spanifti  Weft-Indies,  and  is  fitu- 
ated between  ao.  and  23.  30.  N.  lat. 
and  between  74.  and  85.  15.  W. long. ; 
100  miles  S.  of  Cape  Florida,  and  75 
N.  of  Jamaica  ;  and  is  nearly  700  miles 
in  length,  and  generally  about  70  in 
breadth.  A  chain  of  hills  runs  through 
the  middle  of  the  illand  from  E.  to  W. 
but  the  land  near  the  fea  is  in  general 
level,  and  flooded  in  the  rainy  feafon, 
when  the  fun  is  vertical.  This  noble 
ifland,  the  key  of  the  Weft-Indies,  is 
fuppofed  to  have  the  beft  foil,  for  fo 
large  a  coimtry,  of  any  in  America,  and 
contains  -8,400  fquare  miles.  It  pro- 
duces all  the  commodities  known  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  particularly  ginger,  long 
pepper,  and  other  fpices,  caflra,  fiftula, 
maftick,  and  aloes.  It  alfo  produces 
tobacco  and  fugar  ;  but  from  the  want 
of  hands,  and  the  lazincfs  of  the  Span- 
iai'ds,  it  does  not  produce,  including  all 
its  commodities,  fo  much  for  exporta- 
tion as  the  fmail  illand  of  Antigua. 
Not  an  hundredth  part  of  the  illand  is 
yet  cleared.  The  principal  part  of  the 
plantations  are  on  the  beautiful  plains 
of  Savannah,  and  are  culti^'-ated  by  a- 
bout  25,000  flaves.  The  other  .  'lablt- 
ants  amount  to  about  30,000 

The  courre  of  the  rivers  is  too  ihort 
to  be  of  any  confequence  to  navigation  ; 
hut  there  arc  feveral  good  harbors  in 
the  ifland,  which  belong  to  the  princi- 
pal towns,  as  the  Havannah,  St.  Jago, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  La  T  inidad.  Belides 
the  harbors  of  thcfe  towns  there  is  Cum- 
berland harbor.  The  tobacco  raifed 
here  is  faid  to  have  a  more  delicate  flav- 
our than  any  raifed  in  America.  There 
are  a  vaft  number  of  fmall  illes  round 
this  noble  ifland,  which,  as  well  as  the 
rivers  in  the  ifland,  abound  with  fifh. 
There  are  more  aligalors  here  than  in 
any  otUer  place  in  the  Wcft-Indiea,    lu 


cut 

the  woods  are  fome  veiy  valuable  treii^ 
particularly  cedars,  fo  large,  it  is  faid,- 
that  canoes  made  of  them  will  hold  50 
men.  Birds  there  are  in  great  variety, 
and  in  number  more  than  in  any  of  the 
other  iflands.  This  ifiand  was  difcov- 
ered  by  the  famous  Chriftopher  Colum- 
bus, in  I49Z.  It  was  taken  pofTeflion  of 
by  theSpaniaitls  in  15 11,  and  they  foon 
extenninatcd  the  mild  and  peaceable 
natives,  to  the  amount  of  500,000. 
The  hills  are  rich  in  mines,  and  in  fome 
of  the  rivers  there  is  gold  duft.  The 
copper  mines  only  are  worked,  which 
are  in  the  eaftem  part  of  the  ifland. 
Here  are  alfo  fountains  of  bitumen. 

CuBAGUA,  an  illand  of  4"icrica,  fit- 
uated between  that  of  Margaretta  and 
Terra  Firma,  fubjeft  to  Spain,  and  is 
about  8  miles  long.  There  arc,a  imm- 
ber  of  pearls  got  here,  but  not  of  the 
largeft  fize.  N.  lat.  to.  15.  W.  long. 
54.  30. 

CuENCA,  or  Bambof  a  city  and  con- 
fiderable  jurifdiiftion  in  the  province  ai 
Quito,  in  Peru,  under  the  torrid  zone  ; 
lymg  in  15.  3.  49.  S.  lat.  The  town  iai 
computed  to  contain  ao,  oi-  30,000  peo- 
ple ;  and  the  weaving  of  baize,  cottons,' 
&c.  is  carried  on  by  the  women,  the 
men  being  averfe  to  labor,  and  prone 
to  all  manner  of  profligacy.  It  is  fitu- 
ated on  the  river  Curaray,  or  St.  Jago  ; 
which,  aflcr  many  windings  from  W. 
to  E.  falls  at  laft  into  the  river  Ama- 
zon. The  town  ftands  at  the  foot  of 
the  Cordillera  mountains.  It  lias  tv/o 
convents,  and  lies  about  170  miles  S.of 
Quito. 

CuEYTE,  a'  river  in  the  ifland  of  Cu- 
ba, whidi  abounds  with  ali^ators. 

CuLiACAN,  a  province  of  Guadalax- 
ara,  in  the  audience  of  New-G<ilicia,  in 
Mexico  or  New-Spain.  It  has  Cinaloa 
on  the  N.  New-Bifcay  and  the  Zacatc- 
cas  on  the  E.  Chiametlan  on.  the  S.  and 
the  gulf  of  California  on  the  W.  It  is 
60  or  70  leagues  long  and  50  broad. 
It  abounds  with  all  forta  of  fruit.  The 
great  river  La  Sal  in  this  country  is 
well  inhabited  on  each  fide.  Accord- 
ing to  Dampier,  it  is  a  (hit  lake,  or  bay, 
in  which  is  good  anchorage,  though  it 
has  a  narrow  entrance,  and  runs  la 
leagues  E.  and  parallel  with  the  fhore. 
There  are  feveral  Spanifli  farms,  and 
fait  ponds  about  it ;  and  f  leagues  from 
it  are  two  rich  mines,  worked  by  flaves 
belonghig  to  the  citizens  of  Coropof- 

'-'.,•.■':-*'      "  'teila. 


CUM 

tella,  Vtere  alfo  is  another  great  river, 
-whofe  banks  are  full  of  woods  and  paf- 
tures.  On  this  river,  Guzman,  who 
difcovered  tlie  country,  built  a  town, 
which  he  called  St.  Michael,  which  fee. 

Culpepper,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
between  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide 
waters,  which  contains  12,105  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  8226  are  (laves.  The 
court-houfe  of  this  county  is  45  miles 
from  Frederickfburg,  and  95  from  Char- 
lottefville. 

CuMANA,  or  Comana,  the  capital  of 
New-Andalufia,  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America.  It  fometimes  gives 
its  name  to  the  province.  The  Span- 
iards built  this  city  in  1520,  and  it  is 
defended  by  a  ftrong  caftle.  This  town, 
fays  Dampier,  ftands  near  the  mouth  of 
a  great  lake,  or  bi  anrh  of  the  fea,  call- 
ed Laguna  de  Carriaco,  about  which 
are  feveral  rich  towns ;  but  iis  :»iouth  is 
fo  {hallow  that  no  fhips  of  burden  can 
enter  it.  It  is  fituated  3  leagues  S.  of 
the  N.  Sea,  and  to  the  S.  W.  of  Mar- 
garetta,  in  about  10.  so.  N.  lat.  and  in 
64.  20.  W.  long. 

CuMANAGATE,  a  fmall  town  in  a 
bay  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  in  the 
province  of  Cumana  or  Andalulla.  It 
IS  fituated  oh  a  low  flat  fliore,  which 
abounds  with  pearl  oyfters. 

Cumberland,  a  harbor  in  the  ifl- 
and  of  Juan  Femandes. 

Cumberland,  a  harbor  on  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  and  one  of 
the  fineft  in  the  Weft-Indies,  capable  of 
fheltering  any  number  of  fliips.  N.  lat. 
ao.  30.  W.  long.  76. 50.  It  is  20  leagues 
£.  from  St.  Jago  de  Cuba. 

Cumberland,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  Camden  co.  Georgia,  between  Prince 
William's  found  at  the  S.  end,  and  the 
mouth  of  Great  Satilla  R.  at  its  N.  end, 
and  20  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Frederi- 
ca.  Before  the  revolution  there  were 
two  forts,  called  William  and  St.  An- 
drews, on  this  ifland.  The  former,  at 
the  S.  end,  commanded  the  inlet  of  A- 
melia's  found,  was  ftrongly  pallifadoed 
and  defended  by  8  pieces  of  cannon, 
and  had  barracks  for  2cc  *nen,  ftore- 
houfes,  &c. ;  within  the  pallifadoes 
were  fine  fprings  of  water. 

Cumberland,  a  harbor  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Wafliington's  ifles,  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  N.  America.  It  lies  S.  of 
Skitikifs,  and  N.  of  Cummafliawaa. 

Cumberland,  a  bay  in  the  moft 


CUM 

northern  part  of  America  ;  its  ittonth. 
lies  under  the  polar  circle,  and  runs  to 
the  N.  W.  and  W.  and  is  thought  to 
communicate  with  Baffin's  bay  on  theN. 

Cumberland /foj//^,one  of  theHud- 
fon  bay  company's  fadtories,  is  fituated 
in  New  South  Wales  in  North  Ameri- 
ca, ij8  miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Hudfon'ai 
houfe,  on  the  S.  fide  of  Pine-Ifland  lake. 
N.  lat.  j3.  56.  41.  W.  long.  loa.  13. 
See  Nelfon  river. 

Cumberland,  a  fort  in  New-Brunf- 
wick,  fituated  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Fundy,  on  the  E.  fide  of  its  northern 
branch.  It  is  capable  of  accommodat- 
ing 300  men. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  New- 
Brunfwick,  which  comprehends  the 
lands  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Fundy, 
on  the  bafon  called  Chebedlon,  and  the 
rivers  which  empty  into  it.  It  has  fev- 
eral townfliips  ;  thofe  which  are  fettled 
are  Cumberiand,  Sackville,  Amherft, 
Hillftjorough,  and  Hopew^ell.  It  is  wa- 
tered by  the  rivers  Au  Lac,  Mifliquafli, 
Napan,  Macon,  Memramcook,  Petcou- 
dia,  Chepodie,  and  Herbert,  The  3 
firft  rivers  are'  navigable  3  or  4  miles  for 
veflels  of  g  tons.  The  Napan  and  Ma- 
con are  ftioal  rivers  ;  the  Herbert  is 
navigable  to  its  head,  12  miles,  in  boats ; 
the  others  are  navigable  4  or  5  miles. 

Cumberland,  a  town  of  New- 
Brunfwick,  in  the  county  of  its  own 
name     Here  are  coal  mines. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  the  diftrid  of 
Maine,  lies  between  York  and  Lincoln 
counties  ;  has  the  Atlantic  ocean  on 
the  S.  and  Canada  on  the  N.  Its  fea 
coaft,  formed  into  numerous  bays  and 
lined  with  a  multitude  of  fruitful  ifl- 
ands,  is  nearly  40  miles  in  extent  in  a 
ftraight  line.  Saco  river,  which  runs  S. 
eafterly  into  the  ocean,  is  the  dividing 
line  between  this  county  and  York  on 
the  S.  W.  Cape  Elizabeth  and  Cafco 
bay  are  in  this  county.  Cumberiand  is 
divided  into  24  townfliips,  of  which 
Portland  is  the  chief.  It  contains 
25,450  inhabitants. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  New-Jerfcy,  is 
bounded  S.  by  Delaware  bay,  N.  by 
Gloucefter  co.  S.  E.  by  Cajje  May,  and 
W.  by  Salem  co.  It  is  divided  into  7 
townihips,  of  which  Fairfield  and  Green- 
wich are  the  chief ;  and  contains  824S 
inhabitants,  of  whom  120  are  flaves. 

Cumberland,  the  N.  eaftemmoft 
town&ip  of  the  ftate  of  Phode-IOand, 

Providence 


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Brotidence  co.  Pawtucket  bridge  and 
tills,  in  this  town,  are  4  miles  N.  E.  of 
Providence.  It  contains  1964  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  the  only  town  in  the  ftatc 
wrhich  has  no  flavcs. 

CuMBERiAND  Co.  in  Pennfylvania, 
is  bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  Mifflin  ; 
X.  and  N.  E.  by  Sufquehanna  R.  which 
divides  it  from  Dauphin  ;  S.  by  York, 
and  S.  W.  by  Franklin  co.  It  is  47 
miles  in  length  and  41  in  breadth,  and 
lias  10  townfhips,  of  which  Carlifle  is 
the  chief.  The  county  is  generally 
jnountainous  ;  but  between  North  and 
South  mountain,  on  each  fide  of  Cone- 
dogwinet  creek,  there  is  an  extenfive, 
rich,  and  well  cultivated  valley.  It 
contains  18,243  inhabitants,  of  whom 
azj  are  flaves. 

Cumberland,  a  townlhip  in  Vork 

CO.  Pennfylvania. ^Alfo  the  name  of 

a  townfliip  in  Walhington  co.  in  the 
fame  ftate. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Fayette  diftri(fl, 
IN.  Carolina,  contains  8671  inhabitants, 
of  whom  ai8i  are  Haves.  Chief  town 
Fayetteville. 

Cumberland,  a  townfhip  of  the 
above  county,  in  N.  Carolina. 

Cumberland,  a  poft  town  and  the 
chief  townfhip  of  Alleghany  co.  Mary- 
land, lies  on  the  N.  bank  of  a  great 
bend  of  Potowmack  R.  and  on  both 
.fides  of  the  mouth  of  Will's  creek.  It 
is  148  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore, 
J09  meafured  miles  above  Georgetown, 
and  about  105  N.  W.  of  Walhington 
city.  Fort  Cumberland  ftor  '  f'—merly 
at  the  W.  fide  of  the  mouti.  Will's 
creek. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Virginia,  on 
the  N.  fide  of  Appamatox  river,  which 
divides  it  from  Prince  Edward.  It  con- 
tains 8153  inhabitants,  of  whom  44.^4 
arc  flaves.  The  court-houfe  is  28  miles 
irom  Powhatan  court-houfe,  and  j2 
from  Richmond. 

Cumberland  Mountain,  occupies  a 
part  of  the  uninhabited  country  of  the 
ftate  of  TenneflTec,  between  the  diftri^s 
of  Wafhington  and  Hamilton  and  Mero 
di(5lri(5t ;  and  between  the  two  firft 
named  diftridls  and  the  ftate  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  ridge  is  about  30  miles 
broad,  and  extends  from  Crow  creek, 
on  Tenneffee  R.  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E. 
The  place  where  the  Tenneff*e  breaks 
through  the  Great  ridge,  caMcd  the 
jf^ir^  or  Suckt  is  250  miles  above  the 


Mufcle  fhoals.  Limeftone  is  found  ei^ 
both  fides  the  mountain.  The  moun- 
tain confifts  of  the  moft  ftiipendous 
piles  df  craggy  rocks  of  any  mountain 
in  the  weftern  country.  In  feveral  parts 
of  it,  it  is  inacceflible  for  miles,  even  to 
the  Indians  on  foot.  In  one  place  par- 
ticularly, near  the  fummit  of  the  moun- 
tain, there  is  a  moft  remarkable  ledge  of 
rocks  of  about  30  miles  in  length,  and 
200  feet  thick,  Ihewing  a  perpendicular 
fece  to  the  S.  E.  more  noble  and  grand 
than  any  artificial  fortification  in  the 
known  world,  and  apparently  equal  in 
point  of  regularity. 

Cumberland  R.  called  by  the  In- 
dians "  Shawanee,"  and  by  the  French 
"  Shavanon,"  falls  into  the  Ohio  10 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  Tenneflee  R. 
and  about  24  miles  due  E.  from  fort 
Maflac,  and  1111  below  Pittlburg.  It 
is  navigable  for  large  vaflels  to  Nafti- 
ville  in  Tenneflee,  and  from  thence  to 
the  mouth  of  Obed's  or  Obas  R.  The 
Caney'*rbrk,  Harpeth,  Stones,  Red,  and 
Obed's,  are  its  chief  branches  ;  fome  of 
them  are  navigable  to  a  great  diftance. 

The  Cumberland  mountains  in  Vir- 
ginia feparate  the  head  waters  of  thiji 
river  from  thofe  of  Clinch  R.  It  runs 
S.  W.  till  it  comes  near  the  S.  line  of 
Kentucky,  when  its  courfe  is  wcfterly, 
in  general,  through  Lincoln  co.  receiv- 
ing many  ftreams  from  each  fide  ; 
thence  it  flows  S.  W.  into  the  ftate  of 
Tenneflee,  where  it  takes  a  winding 
courfe,  inclofing  Sumner,  Davidfon,  and 
Tenneflee  counties ;  afterwards  it  takes 
a  N.  weft^m  direftion  and  re-enters  tlic 
ftate  of  Kcntuftky  j  and  from  thence  it 
preferves  nearly  an  uniform  diftan^^e 
from  Tenneffee  R.  to  its  mouth,  where 
it  is  300  yards  wide.  It  is  200  yards 
broad  at  Nalhville,  and  its  whole  lengtli 
is  computed  to  be  above  450  miles. 

Cumberland-River,  a  place  fo 
called,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept,  in 
Tenneffee,  ij  miles  from  Cumberland 
mountain,  and  80  from  the  Crab-Or- 
chard in  Kentucky. 

Cummashawas,  or  Cummajhatiuaa, 
a  found  and  village  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Wafliington  ifland,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America.  The  port  is  capacious 
and  fafe,  and  its  mouth  lies  in  53.  a.  30. 
N.  lat.  and  in  228.  22.  W.  long.  In 
this  port  Capt.  Ingraham  remained  fome 
time  ;  and  he  obfer\'es,  in  his  journal, 
that  here,  in  dired  oppofition  to  moft 

othei' 


nd  01^ 

moun- 
:ndous 
untain 
il  parts 
:vcn  to 


CUR 

lather  parts  of  the  world,  the  women 
maintained  a  precedency  to  the  men  in 
eveiy  point ;  infoniuch  that  a  man  dares 
not  trade  without  the  concurrence  of 
his  wife  ;  and  that  he  has  often  been 
witnefs  to  men's  being  abufed  for  part- 
ing with  (kins  before  their  approbation 
was  obtained  :  and  this  precedency  oft- 
en occafloned  much  difturbance. 

CuMMiNGTON,  atownlhipinHamp- 
Ihire  co.  Maflachufetts,  having  873  in- 
habitants ;  lying  about  ao  miles  N.  W. 
of  Northampton,  and  1 20  N.  W.  by  W. 
of  Bofton.    It  was  incorporated  in  1 7  79. 

CURASSOU,  Curagoa,  or  ^ueri/oa, 
an  iJland  in  the  Weft-Indies,  belonging 
to  the  Dutch,  9  or  10  leagues  N.  E. 
^qpi  Cape  Roman,  on  the  continent 
of  Terra  Firma.  It  is  fltuated  in  i  a  de- 
grees N.  lat.  9  or  10  leagues  from  the 
continent  of  Terra  Firma,  is  jo  miles 
long,  and  10  broad.  It  fcems  as  if  it 
were  fated,  that  the  ingenuity  and  pa- 
tience of  the  Hollanders  fhould  every 
where,  both  in  Europe  and  America, 
be  employed  in  fighting  againft  an  un- 
friendly nature  ;  for  the  idand  is  not 
only  barren,  and  dependent  on  the  rains 
ifor  its  water,  but  the  harbor  is  natural- 
ly one  of  the  worft  in  America  ;  yet 
the  Dutch  have  entirely  remedied  that 
defe<ft  ;  they  have  upon  this  harbor 
one  of  the  largeft,  and  by  far  the  moft 
elegant  and  cleanly  towns  in  the  Weft 
Indies.  The  public  buildings  are  nu- 
merous and  handfome  ;  the  private 
houfcs  commodious ;  and  the  m.aga- 
v.ines  large,  convenient,  and  well  filled, 
All  kind  of  labour  is  here  performed  by 
engines  ;  fome  of  them  ib  well  con- 
trived, that  ftiips  are  at  once  lifted  intp 
the  dock. 

Though  this  ifland  is  naturally  bar- 
ren, the  induftry  of  the  Dutch  has 
brought  it  to  produce  a  confiderable 
quantity  both  of  tobacco  and  fugar  ; 
it  has,  befides,  good  fait  works,  for  the 
produce  of  which  there  is  a  brilk  de- 
mand from  the  Englifti  iflands,  and  the 
colonies  on  the  continent.  But  what 
renders  this  iiland  of  moft  advantage  to 
the  Dutch,  is  the  contraband  trade 
which  is  carried  on  between  the  inhabi- 
tants and  the  Spaniards,  and  their  har- 
bor being  the  rendezvous  to  all  nations 
in  time  of  war. 

The  Dutch  ftiips  from  Europe  touch 
at  this  idand  for  intelligence,  or  pilots, 
Rnd  then  proceed  to  the  Spanifti  coafts 


CUR 

for  trade,  which  they  force  with  a  ftronf  , 
hand,    it  being  very  difficult  for  the  ; 
Spanifh  guarda  coftas  to  take  thcfe  vef- 
fels  ;  for  they  are  not  only  ftout  ftiips,  ^ 
with  a  number  of  guns,  but  are  manned  ' 
with  large  crews  of  chofen   feamen, 
deeply  interefted  in  the  fafety  of  the 
veflel  and  the  fuccefs  of  the  voyage.  . 
They  have  each  a  ftiare  in  the  cargo, 
of  a  value  proportioned  to  the  ftation 
of  the  owner,  fupplied  by  the  mer- 
chants upon  credit,  and  at  prime  coft. 
This  animates  them  with  an  uncommoa 
courage,  and  they  fight  bravely,  be- 
caufe  every  man  fights  in  defence  of  hl^ 
own  property.    Befides  this,  there  is  \ 
conftant  intercourfe  between  this  ifland 
and  the  Spanifti  continent. 

Curafibu  has  numerous  warehoufcs, 
always  full  of  the  commodities  of  Eu- 
rope and  the  Eaft-Indies.  Here  are  all 
forts  of  woolen  and  linen  cloth,  laces, 
filks,  ribbands,  iron  utenfils,  naval  and 
military  ftorcs,  brandy,  the  fpices  of  thr 
moiuccas,  and  the  calicoes  of  India, 
white  and  painted.  Hither  the  Dutch 
Weft-India,  which  is  alfo  their  African 
Company,  annually  bring  three  or  four 
cargoes  of  flaves  ;  and  to  this  mart  the 
Spaniards  themfelves  come  in  fmall  vef- 
fels,  and  carry  oft"  not  only  the  beft  of 
the  negroes,  at  a  very  high  price,  but 
great  quantities  of  all  the  above  forts 
of  goods  ;  and  the  feller  has  this  ad- 
vantage, that  the  refufe  of  warehoufes 
and  mercers'  fliops,  and  every  thing 
that  is  grown  unfaftiionable  and  unfalcr 
able  in  Europe,  go  off"  here  extremely 
well  ;  every  thing  being  fufficiently  re- 
commended by  its  being  European. 
The  Spaniards  pay  in  gold  or  filver, 
coined  or  in  bars,  cocoa,  vanilla,  jefuits 
bark,  cochineal,  and  other  valuable 
commodities. 

The  trade  of  Curafibu,  even  in  times 
of  peace,  is  faid  to  be  annually  worth 
to  the  Dutch,  no  lefs  than  ;C. 500,000.  ; 
but  in  time  of  war  the  profit  is  ftill 
greater,  for  then  it  becomes  the  com- 
mon emporium  of  the  Weft-In^es  ;  it 
aflfords  a  retreat  to  fliips  of  all  nations, 
and  at  the  fame  time  refufes  none  of 
them  arms  and  ammunition  to  deftrov 
one  another.  The  intercourfe  with 
Spain  being  then  interrupted,  the  Span- 
ifti  colonies  have  fcarcely  any  other 
market  from  whence  they  can  be  well 
fupplied  either  with  Haves  or  goods. 
The  French  come  hither  to  buv  the 

beef. 


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c  u  s 

beef,  poAi  corn,  flour,  and  lumber, 
which  are  brought  from  the  continent 
of  N.  Anterica,  or  exported  from  Ire- 
land ;  fo  that,  whether  in  peace  or  in 
vrar,  the  trade  of  this  ifland  flourifhes 
extremely.  The  Dutch  took  this  illand 
from  the  Spaniards  in  1632. 

CoRiACO,  a  bay  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  on  the  North  Sea. 

CuRKiTUCK  Co.  is  fituated  on  the 
fea  coaft  of  Edenton  diftridt,  N.  Caro- 
lina, and  forms  the  N.  £.  corner  of  the 
ftate  ;  being  bounded  E.  by  Currituck 
found,  N.  by  the  ftate  of  Virginia,  S. 
by  Albemarle  found,  and  W.  by  Cam- 
den CO. ;  containing  5219  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1103  are  flaves.  Difmal 
fwamp  lies  in  this  county,  on  the  S.  fide 
of  Albemarle  found,  and  is  now  fuppof- 
ed  to  contain  one  of  the  moft  valuable 
rice  eftates  In  America.  In  the  midft 
of  this  Difmal,  which  contains  upwards 
of  350,000  acres,  is  a  lake  of  a^'out  11 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad.  A  navi- 
gable canal,  ao  feet  wide  and  s\  miles 
long,  connedls  the  waters  of  the  lake 
with  the  head  of  Skuppemong  river. 
About  500  yards  from  the  lake,  the 
proprietors  have  eredted  feveral  faw 
millo  !  and  as  the  water  of  the  lake  is 
higher  than  the  banks  of  the  canal,  the 
company  can  at  any  time  lay  under  wa- 
ter about  10,000  acres  of  rich  fwamp, 
which  proves  admirably  fitted  for  rice. 
For  an  account  of  the  other  Difmal, 
fee  Great  Difmal, 

Currituck,  or  Carat uni,  a  town- 
fliip  in  the  diftridt  of  Maine,  38  miles 
above  Nonidgewalk.  In  1 79a  this  was 
th«  uppermoft  fettlenient  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  and  then  confifted  of  about 
ao  families. 

Cusco,  the  ancient  capital  of  the 
Peruvian  empire,  in  S.  America,  is  fitu- 
ated in  the  mountainous  country  of  Pe- 
ru, in  12.  25.  S.  lat.  and  70.  W.  long, 
and  has  long  been  on  the  decline.  It  is 
yet  a  very  confiderable  place,  having 
about  20,000  inhabitants.  This  fam- 
ous city  was  founded  by  the  firft  Ynca, 
or  Inca  Mango,  as  the  feat  and  capital 
of  his  empire.  The  Spaniards,  under 
DonFrancifco  Pizarro,  entered  and  took 
pofiellion  of  it  in  the  year  1534.  On 
a  mountain  contiguous  to  the  N.  part 
of  the  city,  are  the  ruins  of  the  famous 
fort  and  palace  of  the  Yncas,  the  ftones 
of  which  arc  of  an  enormous  magni- 
tude.,   Th|-ee  fourths  of  the  inha'bitaiits 


c  u  z 

are  Indians,  \frho  are  very  induftrious  ia 
manufadturing  baize,  cotton  and  Icath. 
er.  They  have  alfo  here,  as  well  as  at 
Quito,  a  tafte  for  painting  ;  fome  of 
their  performances  have  been  admired 
even  in  Italy,  and  are  difperfed  all  over 
South-America. 

CuscowiLLA,  in  Eaft-Florida,  is  the 
capital  of  the  Alachua  tribe  of  Indians, 
and  ftands  in  the  moft  pleafant  iitua- 
tion  that  could  be  defired  in  an  inland 
countiy  ;  nipon  a  high,  fwelling  ridge 
of  fand  hills,  within  300  or  400  yards 
of  a  large  and  beautiful  lake,  abound- 
ing with  fiili  and  wild  fowl.  The  lake 
is  terminated  on  one  fide  by  extenfive 
forefts,  confifting  of  orange  groves,  over- 
topped with  grand  magnolias,  palms, 
poplar,  tilia,  live-oaks,  &c. ;  on  the  oth. 
er  fide  by  extenfive  green  plains  and 
meadows.  The  town  confifts  of  30 
habitations,  each  r^f  whi<?h  confifts  of  a 
houfes,  nearly  01  tne  fame  fize,  large 
and  convenient,  and  covered  clofe  with 
the  bark  of  the  cyprefs  tree.  Each  has 
a  little  garden  (pot,  containing  corn, 
beans,  tobacco,  and  other  vegetables. 
In  the  great  Alachua  favanna,  about  a 
miles  diftant,  is  an  inclofcd  plantation, 
which  is  worked  and  tended  by  the 
whole  community,  yet  every  family  has 
its  particular  part.  Each  family  gath- 
ers and  depofits  in  its  granary  its  pro- 
per fliare,  fetting  apart  a  fmall  contri- 
bution for  the  public  granary,  which 
ftands  in  the  midft  of  the  plantation. 

CusHAi,  a  fmall  river  which  empties 
into  Albemarle  found,  between  Chowan 
and  the  Roanoke,   in  North-Carolina. 

CusHETUNK  Mountains,  in  Hunter- 
don CO.  New-Jerfey. 

CusHiNG,  a  tov/nlhip  in  Lincoln co» 
diftridt  of  Maine,  fepaiated  from  War- 
ren and  Thomaftt  n  by  St.  George's  R. 
It  was  incorporatrl  in  1789,  contains 
942  inhabitants,  and  lies  »i6  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Bofton. 

CussENS,  a  fmall  R.  in  Cumbcriand 
CO.  Maine,  which  runs  a  S.  E.  courfe 
to  Cafco-bay,  between  the  towns  of 
Freeport  and  North- Yarmouth. 

CussEWAGA,  afettlement  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

CuTTs  JJand,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  York  co.  Maine.  See  Neddock 
rivert  Cape. 

CuzcATLAN.  See  St.  Sabajlian  R. 
in  New-Spain. 

CuzuMEL,  411  ifland  in  the  province 

of 


DAN 


DAN 


9t  Yucatan,  and  audience  of  Mcxice, 
fituatcd  in  the  bay  of  Honduras  ;  15 
leagues  long  and  5  broad  ;  its  principal 
town    ia    Santa   Cruz.     N.   lat.    19. 

Coy  A,  or  Cutio,  a  prormce  or  Lhili, 
in  S.  America,  and  in  the  government 
of  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  Sierra.  The 
principal  commodities  are  honey  and 
wax.    The  chief  town  is  St.  John  dc 

Frontiera.  .    ,^  ,  -  ^ 

Cyprus  S<wa»tpt  »n  Delaware  ilatc. 
See  InJian  river. 


DAGSBOROUGH,  a  poft  town  in 
SuflTex  CO.  Delaware,  fituated  on 
the  N.  W.  bank  of  Peper's  creek,  a 
branch  of  Indian  river,  and  contains 
about  40  houfes.  It  is  19  miles  from 
Broad  hill,  or  Clowes',  and  137  S. 
from  Philadelphia. 

Dalton,  a  fine  townfhip  in  Berk- 
fhire  co.  Maflachufetts,  having  Pittf- 
ficld  on  the  W.  and  contains  554  •"- 
kabitants.  The  ftage  road  from  Bofton 
to  Albany,  runs  through  it.  Dalton 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  lies  135 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton,  and  about 
35  the  fame  courfe,  fi-om  Northampton. 

Dalton,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hampfhire,  firft  called  Apthorpe, 
was  incorporated  in  1 7  84,  and  has  only 
14  inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Connecticut  R.  at  the  15  mile  falls, 
oppofite  Concord,  in  Eflex  co.  Vermont. 

Dameriscotta  Great  Baj/f  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Maine,  is  about  4  miles  in 
circumference. 

Dameriscotta  R.  a  fmall  ftream 
in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which  falls  into 
Booth-bay.  A  company  has  been  late- 
ly incorporated  to  build  a  bridge  over 
it. 

Dampier'j  Straits,  are  between  the 
N.  E.  point  of  New-Guinea,  and  the 
S.  W.  point  of  New-Britain.  S.  lat. 
6. 15.  E    long,  from  Paris,  146. 

Dan,  a  confulerable  river  of  N.  Car- 
olina, wliich  unites  with  the  Staunton, 
and  forms  the  Roanoke.  In  May,  1795, 
a  boat  53  feet  long,  and  about  7  tons 
burden,  pafled  from  Upper  Sauratown 
to  Halifax^  about  aoo  mill's  above  Hali- 
fax, under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Jeremiah 
Wade.  She  brought  about  9  hhds. 
from  the  above  place,  6  of  which  ihe 
difcharged  at  St.  Taminy,  40  miles 


above  Halifax  ;  to  which  place  the  R^ 
has  been  cleared  by  the  donations  of 
individuals.  From  St.  Taminy  to  Hal- 
ifax, fhe  brought  about  5000  weight 
through  the  falls,  which  hith«rto  had 
been  deemed  impalTable.  Mr.  Wade 
thinks,  fafe  navigation  for  boats  of  a 
larger  burden  may  be  made  at  a  fmall 
expenfe.  The  famous  Burfled  hill 
flands  on  the  bank  of  the  Dan,  in  Vir- 
ginia, near  the  borders  of  N.  Carolina. 
It  appears  to  have  been  an  ancient  vol- 
cano. There  are  large  rocks  of  the 
lava,  or  melted  matter^  from  1000  to 
15  fo  weight,  lying  on  the  fummit  of 
the  hill.  The  crater  is  partly  filled, 
and  covered  with  large  trees. 

Danbury,  a  poft  town  in  the  co.  of 
Fairfield,  in  Conneifticut.  It  was  fet- 
tled in  1687,  and  the  compaA  part  of 
the  tovm  contains  a  churches,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  about  60  dwelling-houfes. 
On  its  fmall  flreams  are  iron  works, 
and  fevcral  mills.  Mr.  Lazarus  Beach 
prefented  to  the  mufeum  in  New-York 
city,  a  quire  of  paper,  made  of  the 
afoeftos,  at  his  pa^^er  mill  in  Danbury, 
March,  179a,  which  the  hotteft  fire 
would  not  confume.  It  lies  about  70 
miles  N.  E.  of  New- York  city,  and  35 
N.  W.  by  W.  of  New-Haven.  This 
town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  military 
ftores,  was  burnt  by  the  Britifh  on  the 
a6th  of  April,  1777. 

Danby,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  E.  of  Pawlet,  and  contains 
1206  inhabitants.  It  lies  about  3  z  miles 
N.  of  Bennington. 

Danish  America.  In  the  Weft- 
Indies  the  Danes  pofTefs  the  iflands  of' 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  or  Santa  Cruz, 
and  St.  John's  ;  which  are  defcribed 
under  their  refpedive  names. 

The  Danilh  policy,  in  refpeft  to  their 
iflands,  is  wife,  and  delerving  of  imita- 
tion. Thefe  iflands  were  ill  managed, 
and  of  little  confequence  to  the  Danes, 
whilft  in  the  hands  of  an  exclufive  com- 
pany ;  but  fmce  the  late  king  bought 
up  the  company's  ftock,  and  laid  the 
trade  open,  the  iflands  have  been  great- 
ly improved.  Santa  Cruz,  a  perfedt 
defert  a  few  yrars  lince,  has  been  bro't 
to  a  high  ftate  of  cultivation,  producing 
annually  between  30  and  40,000  hhds. 
of  fugar,  of  upwards  of  13  cvrt.  each, 
and  contains  3000  whites  and  30,000 
negroes.  By  an  cdid  of  the  Danifh 
king,  no  flavcs  are  to  be  imported  iato 

his 


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''fes  iflandd  after  the  year  i8ox  ;  till 
'then,  their  importation  is  cncounged 
by  a  law  operating  as  a  bounty.  Many 
' «  the  inhabitants  of  Greenland,  and 
negroes  of  the  Danifli  W.India  idands, 
have  embraced  Chriftianity  under  the 
Moravian  miffionaries,  who  are  unwea- 
ried in  their  humane  exertions  to  pro- 
mote the  happincis  of  thofo  who  can 
bellow  no  earthly  reward. 

Danvers,  a  townfliip  in  Efllx  co. 
MafTachufctts,  adjoining  Salem  on  the 
N.  W.  in  wiiich  it  was  formerly  com- 

Erehendcd  by  the  name  of  Salem  vil- 
ige.  It  confifts  of  two  parifhes,  and 
contains  Z415  inhabitants,  and  was  in- 
corporated in  ijsj.  The  mod  confid- 
erable  and  compadl  fettlemcnt  in  it,  is 
formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  princi- 
pal ftreet  of  Salem,  which  extends  more 
than  two  miles  toward  the  country,  hav- 
ing many  work  ihops  of  mechanics,  and 
feveral  for  retailing  goods.  Large  quan- 
tities of  bricks  and  coarfe  earthen  ware 
are  manufactured  here.  Another  pleaf- 
ant  and  thriving  fettlemcnt  is  at  the  head 
of  Beverly  R.  called  New-Mills  ;  where 
a  few  veflels  are  built  and  owned.  The 
town  of  Danvers  receives  an  annual 
compenfation  of /.lo  from  the  propri- 
tors  of  Eflex  bridge,  for  the  obftru(fUon 
of  the  river. 

Danville,  at  thriving  poll  town  in 
Mercer  coi.  and  formerly  the  metropo- 
lis of  Kentucky,  pleafantly  fttuated  in 
a  large,  fertile  plain,  on  the  S.  W.  fide 
of  Dick's  R.  3,^  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  confifts  of  about  50  houfes, 
and  a  Prcfbyterian  church.  From  Leef- 
burg  to  Danville,  the  country,  for  the 
firft  20  miles,  is  of  an  inferior  rate  for 
lands  in  this  countiy  ;  but  round  Lex- 
Jhgton,  and  from  Leefburg  to  Lexing- 
ton and  Boonlborough,  is  the  richeft 
land  in  the  country.  It  is  40  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Frankfort,  9 3  from  Louifville, 
aor  from  Hawkins  in  Tenneflee,  and 
830  from  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  37.  30. 
W.  long.  85.  30. 

Danville,  a  very  thriving  townlliip 
in  Caledonia  co.  Vermont.  It  was  a 
wildemefs,  without  fo  much  as  a  fingle 
family,  a  few  years  ago,  and  now  con- 
tains ?74  inhabitants.  It  lies  8  miles 
N.W.  ofBamet. 

Darby,  .i  fmall  town  in  Delaware 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Dar- 
by creek.  It  contains  about  r  o  houfes, 
aad  a  Quaker  meeting-houfe,  and  lies 


7  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
There  arc  two  townfhips  of  this  name, 
in  the  county,  called  Upper  and  Low- 
er, from  their  relative  tituation. 

Darien,   or   Terra   fir  ma   Prober, 
is  the  northern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma 
or  Caftile  del  Oro.    It  is  a  narrow  ifth- 
mus,  that,  properly  fpcakinp:,  Joins  N. 
and  S.  America  together  ;  but  is  gen- 
erally reckoned  as  part  of  the  Inttcr. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  ;  on  the  S.  by  the  South  fea  ; 
on  the  E.  by  the  river  or  Gulf  of  Da- 
rien, and  on  the  W.  by  another  part  of 
the  South  fea  and  the  province  of  Vcr- 
agua.    It  lies  in  the  form  of  a  bow  or 
crefcent,  about  the  great  bay  of  Pana- 
ma,   in  the    South-Sea,    and    is  300 
miles  in  length.    Its  breadth  has  gene- 
rally been  reckoned  60  miles  .rom  N» 
to  S. ;  but  it  is  only  37  miies  broad 
from  Porto  Bello  to  Panama,  the  two 
chief  towns  of  the  province.    The  for- 
mer lies  in  N.  lat.  9.  34.  35.  W.  long. 
81.  5a.  ;  the  latter  in  *N.  lat.  8.  57.  48. 
W.  long.  8j.    This  province  is  not  the 
richeft,  but  is  of  the  grcateft  impor- 
tance to  Spain,  and  has  been  the  fcene 
of  more    aiflions  than  any    other   ' 
America.      The    wealth    of   Peru 
brought  hither,    and  from  hence  t*- 
ported  to  Europe.    Few  of  the  rivers 
in  this  country  are  navigable,  having 
(hoals  at  their  mouths.    Some  of  them 
bring  down  gold  duft  ;    and  on  the 
coaft  are  valuable  pcr.rl  fiflieries.    Nei- 
ther of  the  oceans  fall  in  at  once  upon 
the  fhore,  but  are  intercepted  by  a 
great    many  valuable  illands,  that  lie 
Icattered  along  the  coaft.    The  illands 
in  the  bay  of  Panama  arc  numerous  : 
in  the  gulf  of  Darien  are  three  of  con- 
fiderable  fize,  viz.     Golden    Ifland  ; 
another,  the  largeft  of  the  three,  and 
the  ifland  of  Pines ;  befides  fmall cr  ones. 
The  narrowcft  part  of  the  ifthmus  is 
called  fometimes  the  ifthmus  of  Pana- 
ma.   The  country  about  it  is  made  up 
of  low  fickly  valliea,  and  mountains  of 
fuch  ftupendous  height,  that  they  feem 
to  be  placed  by  nature  as  eternal  bar- 
riers between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
oceans,  which  here  approach  fo  near 
each  other,  that,  from  thefe  mountains, 
the  waters  of  both  can  he  plainly  feen 
at  the  fame  time,  and  feemingly  at  a 
very  fmall  diftance.     The  rocky  moun- 
tains here  forbid  the  idea  of  a  canal  ; 
but  by  going  into  la.  N.  lat.  and  join- 
ing 


D  A  R 

tng  the  head  of  Nicaragua  lake  to  a 
fmall  river,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
i.>ccan,  a  communication  between  the 
two  fcas  becomes  praifticable  ;  and  by 
digging  30  milcB  through  a  level,  low 
country,  a  tedious  navigation,  of  10,000 
miles,  round  Cape  Horn,  might  be 
faved.  What  would  be  the  confeouen- 
ces  of  fuch  a  juniJtion,  is  not  eafy  to 
fay  ;  but  it  is  very  probable,  that,  in  a 
length  of  years,  fuch  a  junftion  would 
wear  away  the  earthy  particles  of  the 
ifthmus,  and  form  a  broad  ftrait  be- 
tween the  oceans  ;  in  which  cafe,  the 
Gulf  ftre.im  would  ccafe,  being  turned 
into  a  different  channel  ;  and  a  voyage 
round  the  world  become  an  inconfide- 
mWc  thing. 

The  Scotch  nation  had  fo  juft  an  idea 
of  the  great  importance  of  this  ifthmus, 
that  they  fi;ot  poffefllon  of  a  part  of  the 
province  in  1699,  and  though  among 
the  pooreft  nations  in  Europe,  attempt- 
ed to  form  an  cftablilhment  more  ufe- 
fiil  and  of  more  real  importance,  all  the 
parts  of  the  plan  confidered,  than  had 
perhaps  ever  been  undertaken  by  the 
greateft  nation  in  the  world.  The  pro- 
jeftor  and  leader  of  the  Darien  expe- 
dition was  a  clergyman,  of  the  name  of 
Paterfon.  The  nfe,  progrefs,  and  ca- 
taftrophe,  of  this  well-conceived,  but 
ill-fated  undertaking,  has  been  defcrib- 
ed,  in  a  very  interefling  manner,  by  Sir 
John  Dalrymple,  in  the  aoth  vol.  of  his 
memoirs  of  Great-Britain  and  Ireland. 
The  fund  fubfcribed,  for  carrying  this 
great  projeft  into  cffed:,  amounted  to 
jC'90o,ooo  fterling,  viz.  Xl.400,000  fub- 
Icribed  by  the  Scotch,  300,000  by  the 
Englifli,  and  200,0^0  by  the  Dutch  and 
iianiburghers.  The  Darien  council 
fiver,  in  their  papers,  that  the  right  of 
the  company  was  debated  before  King 
William  III.  in  the  prefence  of  the 
Spanifli  ambafTador,  before  the  colony 
left  Scotland  ;  and  while  the  eftablifh- 
meht  of  the  colony  had  been  in  agita- 
tion, Spain  had  made  no  complaints  to 
England  or  Scotland  againft  it.  In 
fine^  of  laoo  trave  men,  only  30  ever 
furvived  -war,  Ihipwreck,.  and  difeafe, 
and  returned  to  Scotland.  The  ruin 
of  this  unhappy  colony  happened  thro' 
the  fhamefiil  partiality  of  William  III. 
and  the  jealoufy  of  the  Englifti  nation. 

The  ftrong  country,  where  the  col- 
ony fettled  and  built  their  forts,  was 
t  territory  never  poflefled  by  the 
[R  I] 


D  A  It 

Spaniards,  and  inhabited  by  a  people 
continually  at  war  with  them.  It  WM 
at  a  place  called  Adta,  in  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Darien  ;  having  a  capacious 
and  ftrongly  fituatcd  harbor.  The 
country  they  called  New-Caledonia.  It 
was  about  mid-way  between  Porto 
Bello  and  Carthagena  ;  but  near  50 
leagues  diftant  from  either. 

Darien,  Gulj  of,  runs  S.  eafkerly 
into  Terra  Firma.  On  the  eaftcrn  fide 
of  its  mouth,  is  the  town  of  St.  Sebaftiaiu 

Darien,  a  town  in  Liberty  co.  Geor- 
gia, by  the  heights  of  which  glides  the 
N.  channel  of  Alatamaha  R.  about  ao 
miles  above  Sapelo  I.  and  10  below 
Fort  Harrington.  It  lies  47  miles  S.  S. 
W.  of  Savannah.  N.  lat.  31.  aj.  W. 
long.  80.  14. 

Darlington,  the  moft  fouthem 
county  ofCheraws  difhid,  .'I.Carolina ; 
bouncfed  S.  and  S.  W.  by  Lynch'* 
fcreek.  It  is  about  3j  miles  long,  and 
21  broad. 

Dartmouth-College.  See//aa- 
over^ 

Dartmouth,  a  town  in  Grafton  co. 
Nevv-Hamplhire,  )rth  weft  of  the 
foot  of  the  WIme  Mountains  ;  33 
miles  N.  E.  of  Haverhill,  Ncw-Hamp- 
Mre,  and  87  N.  wefterly  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  contains  iii  inhabitants, 
and  vva;?  incorporated  in  177a. 

Dartmouth,  a  thriring  fca-port 
town  in  Briftol  co.  Maflachulctts,  fituat- 
ed  on  Ihe  W.  fide  of  Accuflmet  R.  70 
miles  foutherly  of  Bofton.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1664,  and  contains  4499 
inhabitants*  N.  lat.  41.  37.  W.  long; 
7o;52. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  in  Elbert  co. 
Georgia,  fituated  on  the  peninfuU 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  Broad  and 
Savannah  rivers,  2  miles  from  Fort 
James  Dartmouth,  which  is  a  mile  be- 
low Charlotte  Fort,  which  fee.  The 
town  and  fort  derive  their  names  from 
James,  eari  of  Dartmouth,  whofe  influ- 
ence in  the  Britifh  councils  obtained 
from  the  king,  a  grant  and  powers  to 
the  Indian  trading  company  in  Georgia 
to  treat  with  the  Creeks,  for  the  terri- 
tory called  tl'.c  Ne-u  Purcba/e,  ceded 
in  difcharge  of  debts  due  to  the  traders;. 
This  trad  contains  about  a,ooo,ooo  of 
acres,  lying  upon  the  head  of  the  Great 
Ogechee,  between  the  bank:  of  the  Sa- 
vannah and  Alatamaha,  touching  on  the 
Oconee,  including  all  the  waters  of 

Broad 


■•<    '    .'tj 


it,; 


'       »'  ;B  I 


BJ 


D  A  ?J 

^rQ^  and  Little  rivers.    This  tcnltory 
cdmfn-chends  n  body  of  excellent,  fertile 
I'aruJ,  well  Watered  by  innumerable  riv- 
ers, creeks  and  brooks. 
,  Dauphin,  Fort,  ajurifdiclion,  fort 
and  fea-port  town  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
.^fl^nd  of  St.  Domingo.    This  divlfion 
,cdnt5.:.i3  5  parilhcc!.    Its  exports  ft-om 
Jan.  I,  1789  to  Dec.  .-i  of  the  lame 
jpcar,  confifted  of  fugar,  coffee,  cotton, 
ind!go,    fpirits,  molafles,    ^nd   tanned 
hides,  in  value  35,251  doUo.  13  cents. 
The  town  of  Fort  Dauphin  is  remarka- 
ble for  a  fountain  conftradted  by  the 
orders  of  M..  de  Marbois,  which  coft 
10,678  <lollars»     IsT.  lat.  19.  41. 

Dauphin,  Fort.    Set  Ha  Braga. 

Dauthiv,  an  ifland  about  10  miles 
long,  in  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  5 
miles  from  MafTacre  1.  with  a  fiioal  all 
the  v.-ay  between  them.  Thefe  are  fiip- 
pofed  formerly  to  have  been  but  one, 
and  Went  by  the  general  name  of  Maflli- 
cre,  i'j  called  by  Mo'.if.  dtbberville,  fi-om 
a  'arge  heap  of  human  bones  found 
thereon  at  his  landing.  It  was  after- 
wards called  Dauphin  I.  The  W.  end, 
a  diftnnce  of  between  3  and  4  miles,  is 
a  n?arow  flip  of  Land  with  fonw  dead 
trees ;.  the  reft  is  covered  with  thick 
pines,  which  come  clofc  to  fhe  w  er's 
edge  on  the  i!.  fide,  forming  .1  large 
blwfF.  There  is  the  remains  of  an  old 
French  port  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifiand, 
and  of  fome  old  honies  of  the  natives. 
N.  lat.  30. 10.  W.  long.  88.  7. 

Dauphin, afortintheifland  of  Cape 
I3reton,  round  vhich  the  French  had 
their  principal  fettlement,  before  they 
Luilt  I,oui{burg. 

Dauphin  Co.  in  Pcnnfylvania,  war> 
formerly  contained  in  that  of  Lancafter, 
until  crcdtad  into  a  feparate  county, 
March  4,  1 7  85 .  Its  form  is  triangular ; 
its  contents  586,400  acres,  and  is  fur- 
rounded  by  the  counties  of  Mifilin, 
Cumberland^  York,  Berks,  and  North- 
umberland. It  is  divided  into  9  tow"- 
fliips,  the  chi,;!' of  which  is  HarriHjurg  j 
the  number  of  its  inhabitants  18,177. 
Nearly  one  half  of  the  land  is  under  cul- 
tivation ;  but  the  northern  part  is  very 
rough  and  mountainous.  In  feveral  of 
the  mountains  is  found  abundance  of 
iron  ore  of  the  firft  quality  ;  a  fumace 
and  forge  have  been  eredted  which  carry 
on  brin^ly  the  manufadlure  of  pig,  bar 
iron,  &c.  The  firft  lettlers  here  were 
Irifh  emigrants,  who  were  afterwards 


I)  A  X 

joined  by  a  number  of  Germans.  In  th^ 
town  of  Dcrry,  on  the  bank  of  Swatark 
creek  is  a  remarkable  cavetn ;  its  en- 
trance is  unr'er  a  high  bank,  and  nearly 
ao  feet  wide,  and  aboi.c  8  or  10  feet  in 
height.  It  dcfcends  gradually  nearly  to 
a.  k  vel  with  the  creek.  Its  apartment* 
are  nnincr&us,  of  different  fi/es,  and 
adorned  with  ftaladlitcs  curioufly  diTcr- 
fified  in  ?\zt  and  color.  Near  th'^  f«ot 
of  Blue  mountain  is  a  mineral  fpring, 
much  celebrated  by  the  country  people 
for  its  eflrcacy  in  removing  rheumatic 
and  other  chronic  diforders. 

Davidson,  a  county  in  Mero  diilrifl- 
in  Tenneifee,  bounded  N,  by  the  ftatc 
of  Kentucky,  E.  by  Sumner,  and  S.  by 
the  Indian  temtory.  Its  chief  town 
Nafliville,  lies  on  the  great  bend  of 
Cumberland  river. 

David'j  To'-vu,  on  the  Affanpink  R. 
Hunterdon  co.  N.  Jerfey,  10  or  i  a  miles 
from  Trenton.  Between  thefe  towns 
a  boat  navigation  has  lately  been  open- 
ed by  means  of  three  locks,  ereded  at 
a  contidfrable  expenfe.  It  is  propofed 
to  render  this  viver  boatable  10  or  15 
miles  further*  in  which  diftance,  no 
locks  will  be  necefTanv 

David'.'.  Island,  St,  a  pariih  in  the 
Bermudr'  IJlands,  which  fee. 

Davis'j  Siraity  a  narrow  fea,  lying 
between  the  N.  main  of  America,  and 
the  weftcrn  coafc  of  Greenland  ;  run- 
ning N.  W.  from  Cape  F'irewell,  lat. 
60  N.  to  Baffin's  Bay  in  80.  ft  had  its 
name  from  Mr  John  Davis,  who  firfi 
difcovcred  it.  It  extends  to  W.  long. 
75.  v.'here  it  communicates  witi:  Baffin's 
Bay,  which  lies  to  the  N.  of  thii  ftrait, 
and  of  the  North  Main,  or  J.  mes'i 
Ifland.    See  Baffin's  Bay. 

Dawfuskee,  an  ifland  on  the  coafi 
of  S.  Carolin.!,  which  forms  the  N.  E. 
fide  of  the  entrance  of  Savannah  R.  and 
S.  W.  iide  of  the  entrance  of  Broad  R. 
and  admits  of  an  inland  communication 
between  the  two  rivers. 

Daxauon,  Dajabout  or  Dahabon, 
which  the  French  call  Laxahon^  is  a 
town  and  fettlement  of  Spaniards  on  the 
fine  between  the  Fi-ench  and  Spanifh 
divifions  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
It  was  fettled  to  prevent  fmuggling, 
when  the  Spaniards  had  their  fhare  of 
the  ifland.  It  is  Iwunded  E.  by  the 
territory  of  St.  Yago,  N.  by  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  bed  of  the  Great- Yaqui, 
and  the  bay  of  Mancenilla,.  W.  by  th<; 

river 


^JT^jp^wfrar 


■'1 


BEE 

jiver  and  litMe  ifland  of  Maffacre.  It 
contains  abcnt  4000  perfons.  The 
town  ftands  400  fathoms  from  thff  E. 
bank  of  MafTacrc  river,  more  than  80 
leagues  N.  W.  of  St.  Domingo,  and  a8 
W.  uf  St.  Yago.  N.  lat.  19.  2^.  W. 
long,  from  Paris  74.  9- 

Day'j  Po!7iU  on  James  R.  in  Virginia. 
There  is  a  plantation  here  of  about  a 
1000  acres,  which  at  a  diftance  appears 
as  if  covered  with  fnow ;  occaiioned  by 
a  bed  of  clam  fhells,  which  by  repeated 
ploughing  have  become  fine,  and  mix- 
ed with  the  earth. 

De  Bois  Blanc,  an  idand  belong- 
iii--;  to  the  N.  W.  territory,  a  voluntary 
^ji't  of  the  Ghipeway  nation  to  the 
¥nited  States,  at  the  treaty  of  peace 
concluded  by  gen.  Wayne  at  Green- 
ville, in  1795. 

Dead  Chest  Ijland,  one  of  the 
fmaller  Virgin  ifles,  iituated  near  the  E. 
end  of  Peter's  ifland,  and  W.  of  that 
of  Cooper's. 

Deadman'j  Bay,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Newfoundland  ifland,  lies  S.  of  St. 
John's  harbor,  and  N.  W.  of  Cape 
Spear. 

Dedham,  apofttown,  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Norfolk  CO.  MafT'chufetts,  called 
by  the  aboriginals  Tiot,  and  by  the  firft 
fcttlers,  Clapboard  Trees.  The  town- 
fliip  was  incorporated  in  1637,  is  7 
miles  in  length,  and  6  in  breadth,  and 
contains  1659  inhabitants.  Its  public 
buildings  are  ,j  congregationalchurches, 
an  epifcopal  church,  and  a  court-houfe. 
It  is  plealantly  fituated,  1 1  miles  S.  W. 
of  Bofton,  on  Charles  R.  A  fmall 
ftream  fumilhes  water  moft  part  of  the 
year  to  a  grift  mills,  z  faw  mills,  a  full- 
ing mills  Snd  a  leather  mill,,  all  in  the 
fpace  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and 
joins  Ncponfit  R.  on  the  borders  of 
Milton.  A  wire  manufodory  is  ere^- 
cil  here,  for  the  ufe  of  the  filh-hook  and 
card  manufat^urcrs  in  Bolton. 

Deal,  in  Monmouth  co.  New-Jer- 
fey,  about  7  miles  fouthward  of  Shrewf- 
bury.  This  place  is  the  refort  of  great 
numbers  of  people  from  Philadelphia, 
in  fummer,  for  health  and  pleafure. 

Deep  Spriiigt  in  the  ftate  of  New- 
York,  is  a  curiofity,  and  lies  about  9 
miles  S.  of  Oneida  lake,  at  the  head  of 
Chittenengo  creek,  and  10  miles  S.  Vi/. 
of  Oneida  caftle. 

Deep  /{.  in  North-Carolina,  rifes  in 
Wachovia,  and  unites  with  Haw  R. 


E>  E  F 

and  forms  the  IT.  W.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  river. 

Deer  FIELD,  a  townlhip  in  Cumber-' 
land  CO.  Ncw-Jerfey. 

Deerfield  R.  or  the  Poeomtic,  rife*' 
in  Stratton,  in  Bennington  -co.  Vermont, 
and  after  receiving  a  number  of  ftrtAms 
from  the  adjoiniiig  lOwhs,  unite  on  en- 
tering Mallachufetts ;  thence  winding 
in  an  E.  dirc«51ion,  it  receives  North  R. 
and  empties  into  Connecticut  R.  be- 
tween the  townlhips  of  Greenfield  and 
Deerfield,  where  it  is  about  15  rods 
wide.  Excellent  trads  of  meadow 
ground  lie  on  its  banks. 

Deerfield,  a  very  pleafant  town  in 
Hamplhire  co.  MaflTachufetts,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Connedicut  R.  from  v/hich 
the  compad  part  of  the  town  is  fepa*. 
rated  by  a  chain  of  high  hills.  It  is  in 
the  r  lidft  of  a  fertile  country,  and  hw 
a  ifmall  inland,  trade.  The  oompadt 
part  of  the  town  has  from  60  to  100 
houfes,  principally  on  one  ftreet,  and  a 
handfome  congregational  church.  It 
was  incorporated  in  i68i,  and  contains 
1330  inhabitants  ;  17  miles  N.  of 
Northampton,  and  109  N.  by  W.  of 
Bofton. 

The  houfe  in  which  the  Rev.  Mr» 
Williams  and  his  family  were  C3i.*ivat- 
ed  15/  the  Indians  in  the  early  feitle* 
ment  v:  this  town,  is  ftill  ftandmg,  and 
the  hole  in  the  door,  cut  h-;  the  Indians 
with  their  hatchets,  is  ftill  Ihewn  as  a 
curiofity.  An  academy,  incoqjorated 
in  1797,  by  the  name  of  "The  Deer- 
field Academy,"  is  cftabliihed  in  this 
town. 

DuERFiELO,  a  well  fettled  agricul- 
tiiral  town  in  Rockingham  co.  New- 
Hampfliire,  and  was  a  part  of  the  town- 
Ihip  of  Nottingham,  iq  miles  S.  E.  of 
Concord,  and  35  N.  W.  of  Portfmouth. 
It  contains  161-9  inhatitauts*  and  was 
incorporated  in  1766. 

Deer  Ifland,  an  ifland  and  townihip 
in  Penobfcpt  bay,  in  Hancock  co.  di£ 
trid  of  Maine,  contaning  68a  inhabit- 
ants.  It  was  incorporated  in  1789, 
and  lies  30^  miles  N.  E.  of  Bofton. 

Deer;  an  ifland  in  Pafl'amaqucddy 
bay. 

Deering,  a  townlhip  hi  Hillfbo- 
rough  CO.  New-Hampfliire,  incorporat- 
ed in  1774.  It  contains  9a8  inhabi- 
tants, and  lies  ij  miles  S.  W.  of  Con- 
cord, and  54  miles  W.  of  Portfmouth. 

Defiance,  a  fort  in  the  N.  weftenx 
'  tenitorv, 


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DEL 

temtery,  fituated  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
of  Au  OlaizCf  and  the  Miami  of  the 
lake,  nearly  half  way  between  Fort 
Wayne  on  the  Miami,  and  lake  Erie. 
N.  lat.  41.  41.  W.  long.  84.  43. 

De  La  March,  a  weftcm  water  of 
Illinois  R.  in  the  N.  W.  territory.  It 
il  30  yards  wide,  and  navigable  8  or  9 
miles. 

Delamattenoos,  an  Indian  tribe, 
in  alliance  with  the  Delawares. 

De  La  War,  a  town  in  King  Wil- 
liam's CO.  Virginia,  (ituated  on  lue  broad 
peninfula  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Pamunky  and  Mattapony.  The 
united  ftream  thence  aflumes  the  name 
of  York  R.  it  lies  ao  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Williamiburj  in  N.  lat.  37.  31.  W. 

Delaware  Bay^  and  Ri'uer.  The 
bay  is  60  miles  long,  from  the  cape  to 
the  entrance  of  the  river,  at  Bombay 
Hook  ;  and  occupies  a  fpace  of  about 
430*000  acres  ;  and  is  fo  wide  in  fome 
parts,  as  that  a  fhip,  in  the  middle  of 
it,  cannot  be  fcen  from  the  land.  It 
-'ipens  into  the  Atlantic  N.  W.  and  S. 
S.  between  Cape  Hcnlopen  on  the 
right,  and  Cape  May  on  the  left. 
Il^efe  capes  are  18  or  20  miles  apart. 

Delaware  R.  was  called  Chihohocki 
by  the  aboriginals,  and  in  an  old  Nu- 
renberg  map  is  named  Zuydt  R.  It 
rifes  by  two  principal  branches  in  New- 
York  ftate.  The  northemmoft  of  which, 
called  the  Mohawk's  or  Cookqugo 
branch,  rifes  in  lake  Uftayantho,  lat. 
4«.  aj.  and  takes  a  S.  W,  courfe,  and 
turning  S.  eaftwardly,  it  croires  the 
Pennfylvania  line  in  lat.  44.  ;  alK>ut  7 
miles  from  thence,  it  receives  the  Po- 
pachton  branch  from  the  N.  E.  which 
rifes  in  the  Kaats  Kill  mountains. 
Thence  it  runs  fouthwardly,  until  it 
ftrikes  the  N.  W.  corner  of  New-Jer- 
fey,  in  lat.  41.  34.  ;  and  then  paffes 
off  to  fea  throuj^h  Delaware  bay  ;  hav- 
ing New-Jcrfey  E.  and  Peqnfylvania 
and  Delaware  W.  The  bay  and  river 
are  navigable  from  the  fea  up  to  the 
gi'Cit  or  lower  falls  at  Trenton,  155 
miles ;  and  are  accommodated  \'.'ith  budy  s 
and  pierr,  for  the  direcJlion  and  fafciy  of 
ihips.  A  74  gun  fliip  may  po  up  to 
Philadelphia,  izo  miles  by  the  ihip 
channel  from  the  fea.  The  dillance 
acrofs  the  land,  in  a  S.  E.  courfe,  to 
New-Jcrfey  coaft,  is  but  60  miles. 
I^oopsgo  is  miles  alwve  Philadelphia, 


DEL 

to  Trenton  fells  ;  boats  that  carry  * 
or  9  tons,  100  miles  farther,  and  In- 
dian canoes  150  nules,  except  lieveral 
fmall  falls  or  portages.  For  other 
particulars  relating  to  this  river,  See 
Henlopen,  Majix  Bombay-Hookt  Reedy  I. 
Schuylkill,  Lthight  &c. 

It  is  in  contemplation  to  connejft  the 
waters  of  Chefapeak  bay  with  thofe  of 
Delaware  R.  by  4  different  canals,  viz. 
Elk  R.  with  Chriftiana  creek — Broad 
creek,  another  branch  with  Red  Lion 
creek — Bohemia,  a  third  branch  of  the 
Elk,  with  Apoquineiny  creek  ;  nd 
Chefter  R.  with  Duck  creek. 

Delawarf,  a  fmall  rive,  of  Eaft  Flo- 
rida.    See  Charlotte  Haven. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  United  States 
of  N.  America,  is  fituated  between  38. 
29.  30.  and  39.  54.  N.  lat.  and  between 
75.  and  75. 48.  W.  long,  being  in  length 
9*  miles,  and  in  breadth  24  miles — con- 
taining 2,ooo  fquare  miles,  or  i,aoo,ooo 
acres.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  river  and 
bay  of  the  fame  name,  and  the  Atlantic 
ocean  ;  on  the  S.  by  a  line  from  Fent- 
vdck's  ifland,  in  N.  lat.  38. a9.3o.drawn 
W.  till  it  interfefts  what  is  commonly 
called  the  tangent  line,  dividing  it  from 
the  ftate  of  Mar^'land  ;  on  the  W.  by 
the  laid  tangent  line,  pafling  northward 
up  the  peninfula,  till  it  touches  the  wef- 
tem  part  of  the  territorial  circle  ;  and 
thence  on  the  N.  by  the  Said  circle,  def- 
cribed  with  a  radius  of  la  miles  about 
the  town  of  Newcaftle,  which  di- 
vides this  ftate  from  Pennfylvania. 
This  ftate  derived  its  name  from  Lord 
De-La- War,  who  was  inftrumental  in  ef- 
tablifhing  the  firft  fettlcment  of  Virginia. 
It  is  divided  into  3  counties,  Newcaftle, 
Kent  and  Suflex ;  whoio  chief  towns 
are  Wilmington,  Newcaftle,  Dover  and 
Lewes.  Dover  is  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment. The  number  of  inhabitants  ui 
1790,  was  59,094,  of  whom  887  were 
flaves. 

The  eaftem  fide  of  the  ftate  is  indent- 
ed with  a  large  numlier  of  creeks,  or 
fmall  rivers,  which  generally  have  a 
fliort  courfe,  foft  banks,  numerous 
Ihoals,  and  are  (kirted  with  very  exten- 
five  marflie",  and  empty  into  the  river 
and  bay  of  Delaware.  In  the  fouthcrn 
and  weftem  parts  of  this  ftate,  fpiing  the 
head  waters  of  Pocomoke,  Wicomico, 
Nanticoke,  Choptank,  C'lefter,  SaflTafras 
and  Bohemia  rivers,  all  falIin,;:;into  Che- 
fapeak bay  :  fome  of  them  are  naviga- 
te 


I 


DEI, 

*le  ao  iir^o  miles  into  the  country,  for 
vcOels  of  50  or  60  tons. 

The  ftatc  of  Delaware,  the  upper 
parts  of  the  county  of  Newcaftle  ex- 
cepted, is,  to  fpeak  generally,  low  and 
level.  Large  quantities  of  ftagnant 
water,  at  particular  feafons  of  the  year, 
overfpreading  a  great  proportion  of  the 
land,  render  it  equally  unfit  for  the  pur- 
pofes  <rf  agriculture,  and  injurious  to 
the  health  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
ipine,  orhigheft  ridge  of  the  peninfula, 
runs  through  the  ftate  of  Delaware,  in- 
jclined  to  the  eaftem  or  Delaware  fide. 
Jt  is  defignated  in  Suftex,  Kent,  and 
part  of  Newcaftle  county,  by  a  remark- 
able chain  of  fwamps,  from  which  the 
waters  defcend  on  each  fide,  pafling  on 
the  eaft,  to  the  Delawa.  e,  and  on  the 
weft  to  the  Chefapeak.  Many  of  the 
fhrubs  and  plants,  growing  in  thefe 
fwamps,  are  fimilar  to  thofe  found  on 
the  higheft  mountains. 

Delaware  is  chiefly  an  agricultural 
ftate.  It  uxludes  a  very  fertile  tra«ft  of 
country ;  and  fcarcely  any  pait  of  the 
United  States  is  better  adapted  to 
the  different  purpofes  of  agriculture,  c 
in  which  a  great  variety  of  the  moft  ufe- 
ftil  produAions  can  be  fo  conveniently 
;and  plentifully  reared.  The  foil  along 
the  Delaware  river,  and  from  8  to  10 
miles  into  the  ioterior  country,  is  gene- 
rally a  rich  clay,  producing  large  tim- 
ber, and  well  adapted  to  the  various 
purpofes  of  agpnculture.  From  thence 
to  the  fwamps  above  mentioned,  the 
foil  is  light,  fandy  an4  of  an  inferior 
quality. 

The  general  afpecft  of  the  countiy  is 
very  favourable  for  cultivation.  Ex- 
cepting fome  of  the  upper  parts  of  the 
county  of  Newcaftle,  the  furface  of  tlie 
ftate  is  very  little  broken  or  irregular. 
The  heights  of  Chriftiana  are  lofty  and 
commanding ;  fome  of  the  hills  of  Bran- 
ilywine  are  rough  and  ftony ;  but  de- 
I'cending  from  thcfc,  and  a  few  others, 
the  lower  country  is  fo  little  diverfificd 
as  alnioft  to  form  one  extended  phin. 
f  n  the  county  of  Newcaftle  the  foil  con- 
iifts  of  a  ftrong  clay  ;  in  Kent,  there  is 
a  confiderable  mixture  of  Cind ;  and  in 
Suflex,  the  quantity  of  fand  altogether 
predominates.  Wheat  is  the  ftaple  of 
this  ftate.  It  grows  here  in  fuch  per- 
fedtion  as  not  only  to  be  particularly 
fought  by  the  manufacturers  of  flour 
throughout  the  union,  but  alfo  to  be 


DEL 

'diftinguifticd  and  preferred,  for  it?  <■««•> 
perior  qualities,  in  foreign  markets,; 
This  wheat  poflefles  an  uncommon  foft-i 
nefs  and  whitenefs,  very  favourable  to> 
the  manufadures  of  fuperfine  flour,  and' 
in  other  refpects  far  exceeds  the  hard 
and  flinty  gr^ns  raifed  in  general  on  the 
higher  lands.  Befides  wheat,  this  ftate- 
generally  produces  plentiful  croi.s  of 
Indian  corn, barley,  rye,  oats,  flax,  buck- 
wheat, and  potatoes.  It  abounds  in 
natural  and  artificial  meadows,  contain- 
ing a  large  variety  of  graljts.  Hemp, 
cotton,  and  filk,  if  properly  attended 
to,  doubtlefs  would  flouriih  very  well. 

The  county  of  Sufiex,  befides  pro- 
ducing a  confiderable  quantity  of  grain, 
particularly  of  Indian  corn,  poflefies 
excellent  grazing  lands.  This  county 
alfo  exports  very  large  quantities  of  lum- 
ber,  obtained  chiefly  from  an  extenfive 
fwamp,  called  the  Indian  River  or  Cy- 
prefs  Swamp,  lying  partly  within  this 
ftate,  and  partly  in  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land. This  morafs  extends  fix  miles 
from  eaft  to  weft,  and  neaily  twelve 
from  north  to  fouth,  including  an  area 
of  nearly  fifty  thoufand  acres  of  land. 
The  whole  of  this  fwamp  is  a  high  and 
level  bafon,  very  wet,  though  undoubt- 
edly the  higheft  land  between  the  fea 
and  the  bay,  whence  the  Pokomoke  de- 
fcends  on  one  fide,  and  Indian  River 
and  St.  Martin's  on  the  other.  This 
fwamp  contains  a  great  v.i  ritly  of  plant?, 
trees,  wild  beafts,  birds  and  reptiles. 

Almoft  the  w  '  of  the  foreign  ex- 
ports of  Del  awa  '"'omAVilminpton; 
the  trade  from  tin  iU- to  Philadelphia 
is  great,  being  the  priiicip.il  Iburce 
whence  that  city  draws  its  ti  j)le  com- 
modity. No  lefs  than  265,000  bnrrcls 
of  flour,  .^ocooo  bufliels  of  wheat, 
X  70,000  buflicis  of  Indian  corn,  befides 
barley,  oats,  flax-feed,  paper,  flit  iron, 
fnuti,  failed  provifious,  Sec.  Sec.  to  a 
very  confiderable  amount,  are  annually 
fent  from  the  waters  of  the  Delaware 
ftate;  of  which  the  Chriftiana  is  by  far 
the  moft  produclive,  and  probably  rnany 
times  as  much  lb  as  any  other  ci'eek  or 
river  of  like  magnitude  in  the  Union — 
?.45>ooo  banx'ls  or  flour,  and  other  ar- 
ticles, to  the  amount  of  80,000  dollars 
more,  being  exported  from  this  creek  ; 
of  which,to  the  value  of  550,000  dollars, 
are  manufaduved  on  its  northern  bank, 
within  two  or  three  miles  of  the  naviga- 
tion.   Among  c'u'.ei.  branches  of  induf- 

iry 


m 


i\ 


1 


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ir  ? 


DEL 

try  exercifed  in  and  near  Wilmington, 
are,  a  cotton  manufadory,  (lately  how- 
ever burnt)  ;  a  bolting  cloth  manufac- 
tory has  lateily  been  eftabliftied  by  an  in- 
genious European  ;  both  of  which  have 
promifed  fair  to  be  a  lafting  advantage  to 
the  country.  In  the  county  of  Ncw- 
caftle  are  fev^ral  fulling-mills,  two  fni-r'"- 
njills,  one  flitting-mili,  four  paper-n^'  ,i 
and  fixty  mills  for  grinding  grain,  all  ot 
which  arc  turned  by  water.  But  though 
Wilmington  and  its  neighbourhood  are 
probably  already  the  greateft  feat  of 
manufa'ituriis  in  the  United  States,  yet 
they  are  capable  of  being  much  improv- 
e<.l  in  this  refped,  as  the  country  is  hilly 
and  abounds  with  running  water ;  the 
Brandywine  ;done  might,  with  a  mode- 
rate expcnfe,  wlien  compared  with  the 
objed,  be  brouj<l\t  to  the  top  of  the  lull 
upon  which  V/ilmington  is  lituated, 
whereby  a  fall  fuiricient  for  forty  mills, 
in  addition  to  thofe  already  built,  would 
be  obtained.  The  heights  near  Wil- 
mington afford  a  number  of  agreeable 
profpcds  ;  from  fome  of  which  may  be 
leen  the  town,  the  adjacent  meadows, 
and  four  adjoining  ftates.  No  regular 
account  of  the  biiths  and  burials  has 
been  kept,  but  the  place  is  healthy. 
The  number  of  children  under  fixteeTi, 
is  probably  equal  to  that  of  any  town 
which  is  not  more  populous,  and,  ac- 
cording to  an  accurate  acx:ount  taken 
the  year  1 794,  there  wereupwardsof  1 60 
perfons  above  60  years  old.  The  legif- 
lature  of  this  ftate,  in  1796,  pafled  an 
act  to  incorporate  a  bank  in  this  town. 

There  is  no  college  in  this  ftate.  Tliere 
^s  an  academy  at  Newark,  incorporated 
in  1 769.  Tile  legiflature,  during  their 
feflion  in  January  1796,  palTed  an  ad  to 
create  a  fund  for  the  eftablilhmcnt  of 
fqhools  througliout  the  ftate. 

Wheat  is  the  ftaple  commodity  o' 
this  Itate.  Xhi:;  is  manufadured  into 
jlour  and  exported  in  large  quii.tities. 
'fhe  exports  from  the  port  of  Wilming- 
ton, where  a  number  of  fc^uare  rigged 
yUVels  are  owned,  for  the  year  1786,  in 
the  article  of  flour,  was  20,783  barrels 
lupcrfiiie,  4J7  tlo.  common,  296  do. 
middling,  and  J4:',  do.  fliip  ftuft"."  The 
manufatiture  of  flour  is  carried  to  a  h'^h- 
er  degree  01  perfedioii  in  this  ftate  than 
in  a»iy  other  in  tiie  Union,  iiefides  the 
well  conftruded  mills  on  Red  clay  and 
White  clay  creeky,  and  other  ftreams 
ill  diflcrent  parts  of  the  ftajte,  tlic  cele- 


D  E  L 

brated  colledtion  of  mills  at  Brandy* 
wine  merit  a  particular  defcription. 
Here  are  to  be  feen,  at  one  view,  i* 
merchant  mills  (befidesa  fawmill)  which 
have  double  that  number  of  pairs  of 
ftoncs,  all  of  fuperior  dimenfions,  and 
excellent  conftrudion.  Thefe  mills  ara 
3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek  on 
which  they  ftand,  half  a  mile  from  Wil- 
mington, and  ay  from  Philadelphia,  on 
the  poft  road  from  the  eaftern  to  the 
fouthern  ftates.  They  arc  called  the  B  in-: 
dywine  mills,  from  the  ftreamoji  which 
Ihey  are  ereded.  This  ftream  rifes 
near  the  Welch  mountains  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  and  after  a  winding  courfe  of  30 
or  40  miles  through  falls,  which  fumifh 
numerous  feats  ( 1 30  of  which  are  alrea- 
dy occupied)  for  every  fpecies  of  water 
worlds,  empties  into  Chriftiana  creek, 
near  Wilmington.  The  quantity  of 
wheat  manufadured  at  thefe  mills,  an- 
nually, is  not  aajuiately  afcertained.  It 
is  eftimatcd,  however,  by  the  beft  in- 
formed on  the  iiibjed,  that  thefe  mills 
can  grind  400,000  bufliels  in  a  year. 
But  although  they  are  capable  of  manu- 
faduring  this  quantity  yearly,  yet  trom 
the  difficulty  of  procuring  a  peiTnanent 
fupply  of  grain,  the  inftability  of  the 
flour  market  and  other  circumftances, 
there  are  not  commonly  more  than  from 
about  390  to  300,000  bulhels  of  wheat 
and  corn  manufadured  here  annually. 
In  the  fall  of  1789,  and  fpring  of  1790, 
there  were  made  at  the  Brandywine 
mills  50,000  barrels  of  fuperfine  flour, 
1,354  do.  of  common,  400  do.  middling, 
as  many  of  Ihip  ftuff,  and  2,000  do.  com 
meal.  The  c[uantity  of  wheat  and  corn 
ground,  from  which  this  flour,  &c.  was 
made,  was  308,000  bufliels,  equal  to  the 
export  in  thofe  articles  from  the  port  of 
Phil.i'k'lphia  tor  the  fame  year. 

Ti;  r-  miflsgive  employ  to  about  aoo 
pcri'o  1,.,  viz,  about  40  to  tend  the  mills, 
from  50  to  70  coopers  to  make  calks  for 
the  flour,  afutiicient  number  to  man  i» 
Jdoops  of  about  30  tons  each,  which  are 
employed  in  the  ti-anfportation  of  the 
wlieat  and  flour,  the  reft  in  various 
other  occupations  conneded  with  the 
mills.  The  navigation  quite  to  thefe 
mflls  is  fuch,  that  a  veffel  carrying 
1,000  bulhels  of  w!  at  may  be  laid  along 
fide  of  any  of  thiu  mills ;  and  bcflde 
forne  of  them  the  v\ater  is  of  fufficicnt 
depth  to  admit  cflfels  of  twice  the 
above  fizc.    The  veflfels  are  unloaded 

wiUi 


»  E  i 

tvith  .iftoniflung  expecRtion.  There  have  i 
been  inAancesof  i,ooobufhels being  car- 
ried to  the  height  of  4  Tories  in  4  hours. 
It  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  veffels 
with  1,000  bulheis  of  wheat  come  up 
with  flood  tide,  unlade  and  go  away  the 
fuccecding  ebb  with  300  barrels  of  flour 
on  board.  In  confequencc  of  the  ma- 
chines introduced  by  the  ingenious  Mr. 
Oliver  Evans,  three  quarters  of  the 
manual  labour  before  found  neceflary  is 
now  fuflRcient  for  every  purf)ofe.  By 
means  of  thefe  machines,  when  made 
ufc  of  in  the  full  extent  propofed  by  the 
inventor,  the  wheat  will  be  received  on 
the  fhallop's  deck — thence  carried  to 
the  upper  loft  of  the  mill — and  a  con- 
fiderable  portion  of  the  fame  returned 
in  flour  on  the  lower  floor,  ready  for 
packing,  without  the  aflfiftance  of  man- 
ual labour  but  in  a  very  fmall  degree, 
in  proportion  to  the  bufinefs  done.  The 
tranfportation  of  flpur  from  the  mills  to 
the  port  of  Wilmington,  does  not  re- 
quire half  an  hour  ;  and  it  is  frequently 
the  cafe  that  a  cargo  is  taken  from  the 
mills  and  delivered  at  Philadelphia  the 
fame  day.  The  fituation  of  thefe  mills 
is  very  pleafant  and  healthful.  The  firft 
mill  was  built  here  about  50  years  lince. 
There  is  now  a  fmali  town  of  40  houfes, 
principally  ftone  and  brick,  which,  to- 
gether with  the  mills  and  the  veflels 
loading  and  unloading  beiide  them,  fiir- 
nifli  a  charming  profpeft  from  the 
bridge,  from  whence  they  are  all  in  full 
view. 

Befidcs  the  wheat  and  flour  trade, 
this  ftate  exports  lumber  and  various 
other  articles.  The  amount  of  exports 
for  the  year  ending  September  30th, 
1791,  was  119,878  dollars,  93  cents — 
ditto  1792,  133,972  dollars,  27  cents — 
ditto  1793,  93,559  dollars,  45  cents — 
ditto  i794»  207,985  dollars,  33  cents — 
ditto  1795, 158,041  dollars,  n  cents. 

In  this  ftate  there  is  a  variety  of  re- 
ligious denominations.  Of  the  Prefljy- 
terian  k&,  there  are  24  churches— of  tlie 
Epifcopal,  14 — of  the  Baptift,  7 — ^of  the 
Methodifts,  a  confiderable  number,  ef- 
pccially  in  the  two  lower  counties  of 
Kent  and  Suflex :  the  number  of  their 
churches  is  not  cxaftly  afcertaincd.  Be- 
fides  thefe  there  is  a  Swedifli  church  at 
Wilmington,  which  is  one  of  the  oldeft 
churches  in  the  United  States. 

There  are  few  minerals  in  this  ftate, 
except  u-Qd}  large  quantities  of  bog 


t>  Eh 

iron  ore.  Very  fit  for  callings,  are  fbun4 
in  Suflex  co.  among  the  branches  of 
Nanticoke  R.  Before  the  revolution 
this  ore  was  worked  to  a  great  amount  J 
but  this  bufinefs  has  fince  declined. 
Wheat  arid  lumber  are  the  ftaple  com- 
modities 6f  this  ftate.  The  other  arti- 
cles of  produce  and  manufadure,  are 
Indian  corn,  barley,  oats,  flax-feed,  falt- 
ed  provifions,'  paper,  flit  iron,  fnufF,  &c. 

Settlements  were  made  here  by  the 
Dutch  about  the  ytfar  1623,  and  by  the 
Swedes  about  tiie  year  1627.  Theif 
fcttlements  were  comprehended  in  the 
grant  to  the  duke  of  York ;  and  Wil- 
liam Penn  united  them  to  his  govern- 
ment by  purchafe.  They  were  after- 
wards leparated,  in  fome  meafure,  from 
Pennfylvania,  and  denominated  the 
Tbree  Loivcr  Counties.  They  had  their 
dvi^n  aflTemblies,  but  the  governor  of 
Pennfylvania  ufed  to  attend,  as  he  did 
in  his  own  proper  government.  At  the 
late  revolution,  the  three  counties  were 
credted  into  a  fovereign  ftate ;  an*  i  have 
eftabliflied  a  repuWican  conftitution. 

Delaware  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  is 
S.  W.  of  Philadelphia  co.  on  Delaware 
river.  It  is  about  21  miles  in  kngth, 
and  IS  in  breadth,  containing  115,203 
acres,  and  fubdividcd  into  19  townlhips; 
the  chief  of  which  is  Chefter.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  9,483.  The 
lands  bordering  on  the  Delaware  are 
low,  and  afford  excellent  meadow  and 
pafturage  ;  and  are  guarded  from  mun- 
dations  by  mounds  of  earth  or  dykes, 
which  are  fometimes  broken  down  in 
extraordinary  frefhes  in  the  R.  If  this 
happens  before  cutting  the  grafs,  the 
crop  of  hay  is  loft  for  that  feafon,  and 
the  reparation  of  the  breaches  is  ex- 
penfive  to  the  proprietors.  Great  num- 
bers  of  caittle  a^e  brought  here  from  the 
weftern  parts  of  Virginia,  and  North- 
Carolina,  to  be  fattened  for  fupplying 
the  Philadelphia  market. 

Delaware,  a  new  county  in  the 
ftate  of  New-York,  on  the  head  waters 
of  Delaware  river,  taken  from  Otfego 
county. 

Delaware,  a  townihip  in  North- 
ampton CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Delawares,  an  Indian  nation  for- 
merly numerous  and  powerful,  and 
who  pofiefl'ed  part  of  Pennfylvania, 
New-Jerfey  and  New- York.  Thij 
name  was  doubtlefs  given  them  by  the 
Europeans  ;  f«r  they  call  themfelves 

Xcnnilenape, 


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DEM 

]>nnilenape,  that  is,  Indian  men  ;  or 
Woapanachky,  which  fignifics  a  peo- 
ple living  towaros  the  riling  fun.  They 
now  refide  about  halfway  between  lake 
Erie  and  Ohio  R.  They  are  an  inge- 
nious and  intelligent  people  ;  and  like 
the  Six  Nations,  are  celebrated  for 
their  courage,  peaceable  difpofition,  and 
powerful  sJliances.  Almoft  all  the 
neighbouring  nations  are  in  league  <vith 
them,  efpecially  the  Mahikan,  Shaw- 
anves,  Cherokees,  Twichtwtes,  Waw- 
iachtanos,  Kikapus,  Moflikos,  Tucka- 
chihas,  Chippeways,  Ottawas,  Pute- 
woatamies,  and  Kafkalkias.  The  Del- 
awares  were  lately  hoftile,  but  made 
peace  with  the  United  States,  1795, 
and  ceded  fome  lands.  The  United 
States,  on  the  other  hand,  have  en- 
gaged to  pay  them  in  goods,  to  the 
value  of  1000  dollars  a  year  forever. 
Twenty  years  ago,  the  Delawares  could 
fumifh  600  waniors  ;  but  their  num- 
lier  is  confiderably  decreafed  by  war 
fince  that  time. 

Deliverance,  Cape,  is  the  S.  E. 
point  of  the  land  of  Louifiade.  Bou- 
gainville was  here,  and  named  it  in  1768. 

Del  Rey,  a  captainfliip  in  the  fouth- 
cm  divifion  of  Bi-azil,  whofe  chief  town 
is  St.  Salvadore. 

Del  Spiritu  Santo,  a  river  which 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  N. 
W.  end  of  the  peninfula  of  Florida, 

Demerara,  a  river  in  Dutch  Gui- 
ana, in  S.  America,  is  about  two  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth,  oppofite  the  fort, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river,  and  ab(jut 
45  miles  diftant  from  Abary  creek. 
It  is  fcarcely  a  mile  wide,  la  miles 
above  the  fort ;  and  its  courfe  is  from  S. 
to  N.  It  is  navigable  upwards  of  200 
miles  for  veflels  which  can  pafs  the  bar 
at  its  mouth,  which  is  a  mud  bank, 
not  having  above  34  feet  at  the  higheft 
tides.  The  diiference  between  high 
and  low  water  mark,  is  from  10  to  la 
feet.  The  fort,  if  properly  fupplied 
with  men  and  ammunition,  is  able  ef- 
feftually  to  guard  its  entrance.  Stac- 
broeck,  the  feat  of  government,  ftands 
on  the  E.  fide  of  tlie  river,  ij  miles 
above  the  fort. 

Demerara,  a  diftridl  in  Dutch  Gui- 
Ana,  which,  together  with  Eflequebo, 
form  one  government,  and  have  the 
fame  court  of  police,  but  each  has  a 
feparatc  court  of  juftice.  The  two 
irtiftritJls  contain   about  3,000    whites 


htit 

and  40,000  flaves.  Demerara  R.  whidt 
gives  name  to  the  diftriA,  pafles  thro' 
it,  and  is  ufually  vifited  by  40  or  50 
large  fhips  from  Holland,  who  often 
make  two  voyages  in  a  year,  befidcs 
upwards  of  250  finaller  veflelSt  under 
the  Dutch  and  other  fla^s.  The  plan- 
tations are  regularly  laid  out  in  lots 
along  the  fea-lhore»  called  fagades, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mil^  wide,  and 
extending  Iths  6f  a  mile  back  into  the 
country.  ^«,h  lot  contains  about  250 
acres  each  ;  and  when  fullj  cultivated, 
the  proprietor  may  obtain  a  fimilar 
tra<5t  back  of  the  firft,  and  fo  on  in  pro- 
gteiTion;  Each  lot  will  contain  iao,ooo 
cotton  trees,  averaging  ufually  half  a 
pound  a  trie.  Such  a  plantation  is 
reckoned  well  ftockcd  to  have  120  ne- 
groes. The  fliorcs  of  the  rivers  and 
creeks  are  chiefly  planted  with'  coffee, 
to  the  diftancCr  of  about  30  miles  from 
thfe  fea ;  thence  30  mfles  further  up, 
the  foil  becomes  clayey  and  more  fit  for 
fugar  canes.  Beyond  .this,  the  fineft 
kinds  of  wood,  for  building,  furniture, 
&c.  are  (Jut;    See  D»teb  America. 

DeMi-Quiak,  a  river,  fwamp  and 
lake  on  the  weftem  fide  of  Illinois  R.in 
the  N.  W.  territory.  The  river  runs  a 
S.  S.  E.  couife,'  is  navigable  120  miles, 
and  has  the  fwamp  of  its  name  on  the 
northern  bank  near  its  mouth  ;  which 
laft  is  50  yards  wide,  32  miles  above 
Sagamond,  and  165  miles  above  the 
Mifliiiippi.  The  lake  is  of  a  circular 
form,  300  yards  W.  of  the  river,  is  6 
miles  acrois,  and  empties  into  the  Illi- 
nois by  a  fmall  pafTa^e  4  feet  deep,  171 
miles  from  the  Miffifippi- 

Denney'j  Rivert  cUftridl  of  Maine, 
32  miles  E.  of  Machias.  The  country 
between  this  river  and  Machias,  in  1794, 
was  a  wildemcfs.  The  banks  of  the 
river  wQre  at  this  time  thinly  fettled  by 
a  regular  and  well  dijbofed  people. 

Denn  I  s,  a  part  of  larmouth  in  Bam- 
ftable  CO.  MaflTachufetts,  which  was  in-- 
corporated  into  a  townfhip  in  1793. 

DENTON,thechieftownofCarohneco. 
in  Maryland  ;  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Choptank  creek,  the  E.  main  branch  of 
Choptank  R.  It  is  laid  out  regulariy, 
and  has  a  few  houfes,  and  lies  7  miles 
S.  of  Greenlborough,  and  37  S.  S.  E.  of 
Chefter. 

Deptford,  a  townfljip  in  Gloucef- 
ter  CO.  New-Jerfey. 

Derby,  a  townlhip  in  Orleans  co. 

Vermont^ 


I 


bt  s 

Vermont*  on  the  N.  line  of  the  ftate,  tn 
the  E.  Ihore  of  lake  Memphremagog. 

Derby,  a  town  in  Ncw»Haven  co. 
Connecticut,  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  Nauga- 
tuck  and  Houfetonick  rirers.  This 
town  was  fettled  in  i66j,  under  New- 
Haven  jurifdiftion,  and  is  now  divided 
into  two  parifhes,  and  has  an  academy 
in  its  infancy.  It  has  a  confiderable 
trade  with  the  Weft-Indies  for  fo 
fmall  a  town,  and  a  number  of  mills  on 
the  falls  of  Naugatuck,  and  ftreams 
which  fall  into  it,  and  iron  and  other 
works  on  Eight-mile  R.  which  falls  into 
the  Stratford.  The  Stratford  or  Hou- 
fatonick  R.  is  navigable  la  miles  to 
this  town. 

Derby,  a  town  in  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  7  miles  from  Chefter,  and  5 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  iituated  on 
Derby  creek,  which  empties  into  Dela- 
ware river,  near  Chefter. 

Derry,  a  townftiip  in  Dauphin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Swatara  creek,  *  miles  above  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Sufquehannah,  and 
celebrated  for  its  curious  cave.  See 
Dauphin  Coi 

Derry,  a  townftiip  on  Sufquehan- 
nah R.  in  Pennfylvania.  There  arc 
two  other  townftups  of  the  fame  name 
in  Pennfylvania  ;  the  one  in  Mlftlin  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Weftmoreland. 

Derryfield,  a  townftiip  in  New- 
liamplhire,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  Hillftjorough  co*  containing 
363  inhabitants,  and  was  incorporated 
in  1751  ;  the  foil  is  but  indifferent. 
It  is  4a  miles  W.  of  Portfmouth. 

Desaquadero,  a  river  in  Peru,  S. 
America,  over  which  the  Ynca  Huana 
Capac  built  a  bridge  of  flags  and  mfties, 
to  tranfport  hie  army  to  the  other  fide, 
and  which  remained  a  few  yedrs  fince. 

Desk  ADA,  Defiradat  or  Dejidera- 
da,  the  firft  of  the  Caribbee  illands, 
difcovercd  by  Columbus  in  his  fecond 
voyage,  anno  1494,  when  he  gave  it 
that  name.  It  is  fituated  £.  of  Guad- 
aioupe,  and  fubjedt  to  the  French  j  and 
is  of  little  confequcnce  except  in  time 
of  war,  when  it  is  the  refort  of  a  num- 
ber of  privateers.  It  is  10  miles  long  and 
5  broad,  and  looks  at  a  diftance  like  a  gal- 
ley, with  a  low  point  at  the  N.  W.  end. 
The  Spaniards  make  this  in  their  way 
to  America,  as  well  as  Guadaloupe. 
V.  lat.  16.  40.  W.  long.  6z.  ao. 


D  E  T 

Deseada, or Ca/f  Dejre,\he  fouth- 
em  point  of  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  ia 
S.  America,  at  the  entrance  of  the  South 
Sea.    S.  lat.  53.  4.  long.  74.  18.  W. 

Desert  Island,  Mount,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  diftridt  of  Maine,  Malfa- 
chufetts,  contains  about  aoo  families^ 
divided  into  two  different  fettlements, 
about  15  miles  apart. 

Despair,  a  bay  on  the  S.  weftem 
fide  of  Newfoundland  Iftand,  adjoining 
to  Fortune  bay  on  the  N.  eaftward; 
which  fee. 

Detour  DE3  Anolois,  ov  Engji/b 
Turn,  is  a  circular  direction  of  the  river 
Miffifippi,  fo  very  confiderable,  that  vef- 
fels  cannot  pafs  it  with  the  fame  wind 
that  conducted  them  to  it,  and  mufl; 
either  wait  for  a  favorable  wind,  or 
make  faft  to  the  bank,  and  haul  clofe  $ 
there  being  fufficient  depth  of  water  for 
any  vefliel  that  can  enter  the  river.  The 
two  forts  and  batteries  at  this  place  on 
both  fides  the  river,  are  more  ♦ban  fufli- 
cient  to  flop  the  progrefs  of  any  velTel 
whatever.  Dr.  Cox,  of  New-Jerfey,  af- 
cended  the  Miflifippi  to  this  place,  anno 
1698,  took  pofleflion  and  called  the 
country  Carolina.  It  lies  18  miles  be- 
low New-Orleans*  and  87  above  the 
Balize.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  fet- 
tled and  well  cultivated  from  this  to 
New-Orleans,  and  there  is  a  good  road 
for  carriages  all  the  way. 

D'ETRoiT,oneoftheprincipaltowns, 
and  beft  fortified,  in  the  N.  W.  territo- 
ry ;  fituated  on  the  weftem  bank  of  the 
ftrait  St.  Clair,  or  D'Etroit  R.  between 
lake  Erie  and  lake  St.  Clair;  18  miles 
N.  of  the  W.  end  of  the  former,  and  9 
miles  below  the  latter.  Fort  D'Etroit  is 
of  an  oblong  figure,  built  with  ftockades* 
and  advantageoufly  fituated,  with  one 
entire  fide  commanding  the  river.  It  13 
near  a  nule  in  circumference,  and  en- 
clofes  about  300  wooden  houfcs  and  a 
Roman  Catholic  church  ;  built  in  a  re- 
gular manner,  with  parallel  ftreets* 
crofting  each  other  at  right  angles.  It3 
fituation  is  delightful,  and  in  the  centre 
of  a  plealant  and  fruiiful  country.  For  9 
milts  below,and  the  fame  diftance  above 
Fort  D'Etroit,  on  both  fides  of  the  river, 
the  country  is  divided  into  regular  and 
well  cultivated  plantations ;  and  from 
the  contiguity  of  the  farmers'  houfes 
to  each  other,  they  appear  as  two  long 
extended  villages.  The  inhabitants, 
who  were  m^ftly  French,  v/cre  about 


I    , 


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f  1 

"  m 

t)  E  V 


D  in 


; 


jooo  in  number  in  1778,  500  of  whom 
^erc  as  good  markfmcn  as  the  Indims 
tliemfclves ;  and  as  well  accuftomed  to 
the  woods.  They  raife  large  ftocks  of 
black  cattle,  and  gn^at  quantities  of 
com,  which  they  grind  by  wind  mills, 
and  manuftifture  into  excellent  flour. 
The  chief  trade  of  D'Etrc»it  confifts  in  a 
barter  of  coarfeEuropean  goods  with  the 
nativns  for  furs,  deer-flcins,  tallow,  &c. 

By  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  Aug.  3, 
*79,if»  the  Indians  have  ceded  to  the 
United  States  the  port  of  D'Etroit,  and 
all  the  land  to  the  N.  the  W.  and  the  S. 
6f  it,  of  whach  the  Indian  title  has  been 
extinguinied  b/  pfts  or  grants  to  the 
French  or  Englifh  governments,  and  fo 
much  more  land  is  to'  be  anntxed  to 
D'Etroit  as  ihall  be  conrjprehencfed  be- 
tween Rofine  R.  on  the  S. ;  lake  St. 
Clair  on  tlie  N. ;  and  a  line  the  general 
courfe  whereof  fhall  be  6  miles  from  the 
W.  end  of  lake  Erie  and  D'Etroit  river. 
The  fort,  &c.  was  delivered  up  by  the 
Britilh  in  July,  1796,  according  to  trea- 
ty. It  lies  18  miles  N.  of  lake  Erie, 
744  N.  W.  by  W.  from  Philadelphia. 
N»lat.  42.  40.  W.  long.  8*.  56. 

D'Etroit  River,  or  Strait  of  St.- 
Clair,  flows  from  lake  St.  Clair  into 
the  W.  end  of  lake  Erie,  forming  part 
of  the  boundary  between  the  United 
States  and  Upi)er  Canada.  In  afcead- 
inp  it,  its  entrance  is  more  than  3  miles 
wic'e,  but  it  perceptibly  diminiflres  ;  fo 
that  oppofite  tlie  fort,  i8  miles  from 
lake  Erie,  it  does  not  exceed  half  a 
mile  in  width  ;  from  thence  to  lake  St. 
Clair  it  widens  to  more  than  a  mile. 
The  channel  of  the  ftrait  is  gentle,  and 
wide  and  deep  enough  for  fhipping  of 
great  burden,  although  it  is  incommod- 
ed by  feveral  iflands,  one  of  which  is 
more  than  feven  miles  in  length.  Thefe 
iflands  are  of  a  fertile  foil,  and  fi-om 
their  fituation  afford  a  very  agreeable 
appearance.  The  length  of  the  river  is 
38  miles  ;  and  feveral  ftreams  fall  into 
it  chiefly  from  the  N.  W.  viz.  Bauche, 
Clora*  Curriere,  D'Etroit,  and  Huron 
rivers. 

Devil'j  Mouth,  a  name  given  by 
failors  to  a  frightful  volcano,  near  Leon 
Nicaraguay,  in  New-Spain,  feated  near 
the  lake.  N.  lat.  13. 10.  W.  long.  65. 10. 

Devil'j  No/e,  a  promontory  on  the 
S.  fide\9f  lake  Ontario,  16  miles  E.  of 
Fiihing  bay,  and  23  N.  W.  of  the  mouth 
of  Geiieflee  river. 


Devil'j  Jflandt  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Chefapeak  bay,  is  in  Somerfetco.  Mary- 
land, between  Fifliing  bay  and  Nanokiii' 

river. 

Dewakrt,  an  inconfiderable  ifland 
lying  at  forte  diftjinct  E.  of  Terra  Ma- 
)^ellanica,  S.  Americx.  It  had  its  name 
from  the  firft  difcoverer. 

Dewee,  an  ifland  in  South-Carolina»> 
which  forms  one  of  the  three  harbora' 
of  Charlefton  city. 

Diamond,  or  Round  Ifland,  one  of 
the  Grenadines,  in  the  W.  Imlies.  See 
Rhonde  ijle. 

DiCKESson  College.  See  Carlije,  in 
Pennfylvania. 

DiCK*j/t.in  Kentucky,is  a  branch  of 
Kentucky  R.  which  it  joins  in  a  N.  W. 
diredion.  It  is  about  50  miles  long, 
and  45  yards  wide  at  the  mouth,  and 
has  a  number  of  excellent  mill  featSt 
and  runs  through  a  body  of  firft  rate 
land. 

DicitwAssET,  or  D'tgdeguajh,  a 
river,  in  the  Britifh  province  of  New- 
BrunfwicR,  which  empties  into  Pafla- 
maquoddy  bay. 

DiEP  Town,  or  Deep  To<iuH,  a  towft', 
on  the  N.  weftern  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Chriftopher's,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
lying  on  a  bay  of  the  fame  name. 

DiGBY,  fituated  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of 
Annapolis  bay,  18  miles  8.  W.  of  An- 
napolis, and  5;^  N.  by  E.  of  Yarmonth, 
is  one  of  the  moft  confiderable  of  the 
new  fettlements  in  Nova-Scotia. 

DlGGES  Cape,  on  the  S.  fide  of  Hud- 
fon  ftraitSjN.lat.  62.41.  W. long.  78.50. 

Dig H TON,  a  port  town  in  Briftol  co. 
Maflachufetts,  7  miles  from  Taunton, 
and  ao  from  Warren,  in  Ilhode-Ifland. 
There  are  236  houfes  in  the  townfliip, 
and  1793  inhabitants. 

DiNwiDDiE,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  S.  of 
Appamattox  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Chefterfield.  It  is  about  30  miles  long^ 
and  20  broad,  and  its  chief  town  it 
Peterfburg. 

Disappointment,  a  bay  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  N.America.  N.  lat.  5*. 
15.  W.  long.  1*9. 

Dismal,  a  fwamp  in  the  townftiip^ 
of  Milton,  Lincoln  co.  diftrift  of  Maine. 

Dismal  Swamp,  called  the  Great 
Difmal,  to  diftinguifti  it  from  another 
fwamp  called  Difmal,  in  Currituck  co. 
is  a  very  large  bog  extending  from  N, 
to  S.  near  30  miles,  and  from  E.  to  W. 
at  a  medium  about  i»  nviles ;  partly  in 

Virginia, 


D  I  8 


D  I  X 


Virginia,  and  partly  in  North-Carolina. 
ifo  lefs  than  5  navigable  rivers,  befidcs 
creeks,  rife  out  of  it ;  whereof  two  run 
into  Virginia,  viz.  the  S.  branch  of  Eli- 
aabeth,  and  the  S.  br^Jich  of  Nanfe- 
mond  river,  and  3  into  North-Carolina, 
namely,  North  R.  North-Weft  R.  and 
Perquimons.  All  thefe  hide  their  heads, 
properly  fpcaltinK,  in  the  l>jfmal,  there 
being  no  figns  of  tliem  above  ground. 
For  this  reafon  there  rauft  be  plentiful 
fubterraneous  ftoces  of  water  to  feed  fo 
many  livers,  or  elfe  the  foil  is  fo  repJ.te 
with  this  element,  drained  from  the 
highlands  that  furround  it,  that  it  can 
abundantly  afford  thefe  fuf^lies.  This 
ia  mod  probable,  as  the  ^ound  of  the 
fvvamp  is  a  mere  quagnure,  trembling 
under  the  teet  of  thole  that  walk  upon 
it,  and  every  impreilion  is  inftantly  fill- 
ed with  water.  The  Ikiits  of  the  fwamp, 
towards  the  E.  are  overgrown  with  reeds, 
10  or  J  2  feet  high,  interfperfed  every 
where  with  ftrong  baipboo  briars,  A- 
mong  thefe  grow  here  and  thereacyprefs 
pr  white  cedar,  which  latt  is  commonly 
miftaken  for  the  juniper.  Toward*  the 
S.  end  of  it  is  a  large  tradt  of  reeds, 
which  being  conftantly  green,  and  wav- 
ing in  the  wind,  is  called  the  green  fea. 
In  many  parts,  efpecially  on  the  bor- 
ders, grows  an  ever  green  fhrnb,  very 
plentifully,  called  the  gall  bufh„  It 
bears  a  berry  which  dies  a  black  color 
like  the  gall  of  an  oak,  whence  it  has 
its  name.  Near  the  middle  of  the  Dif- 
roal  the  trees  grow  much  thicker,  both 
cypress  and  cedar.  Thefe  being  always 
green,  and  loaded  with  very  large  tops, 
are  much  expofcd  to  the  wind  and  eafi- 
ly  blown  down,  the  boggy  ground  af- 
fording but  a  flender  hold  to  the  roots. 
Neither  beaft,  bird,  infedt  or  reptile,  ap- 
proach the  heart  of  this  horrible  del'ert ; 
perhaps  detened  by  the  cverlafting 
Ihade,  occafioned  by  tlie  thick  {hrubs 
and  bufhes,  which  the  fun  can  never 
penetrate,  to  warm  the  evth  ;  nor  m- 
deed  do  any  birds  care  to  fly  over  it, 
any  more  than  they  are  laid  to  do  over 
the  lake  Avemus,  for  fear  pf  the  noi- 
ibmc  exhalations  that  rife  from  this  va{^ 
body  of  filth  and  naftine(s.  Thefe  nox- 
ous  vapours  infecft  the  air  round  about, 
giving  agues  and  other  diftempers  to 
the  neighboring  inhabitants.  On  the 
yreftem  border  xif  the  Oiiin^  is  a  pine 
(wamp,  above  a  mile  in  breadth,  great 
l^art  of  which  is  cov^ed  with  water 


knee  deep  ;  the  bottom,  however,  i« 
firm,  and  the  pines  grow  very  talJ,  and 
are  not  eafdy  blown  down  by  the  wind. 
With  all  theie  difadvantaRes,  the  DiC- 
mal  L\  in  many  places,  pleafrng  to  the 
eye,  though  difagrecable  to  the  other 
fenfes. 

This  dreadful  fw^mp  was  judpted  im- 
painU>le,  till  the  line,  dividing  Virginia 
from  N.  Carolina,  was  carried  through 
it,  in  N.  lat.  36.  a8.  in  the  year  1728, 
by  order  of  king  George  II.  Although 
it  happened  then  to  be  a  very  dry  fea« 
fon,  the  men  who  were  employed  ia 
puihing  the  line  were  not  altc^ethcr 
free  from  apprehenfions  of  being  ftarv» 
ed  f  it  being  10  whole  days  before  the 
work  yran  accompliflied,  though  they 
proceeded  with  all  pofliblc  diligence 
and  refolution,  and  befidcs  had  no  dif* 
after  to  retard  them. 

This  fwamp  is  chiefly  ovraed  by 
two  companies.  The  Virginia  com- 
pany, of  which  General  Wafiilngton 
is  one,  owns  100,000  acres  :  the  North- 
Carolina  company  owns  40,000  acres. 
In  the  midft  of  the  fwamp  is  a  lake, 
about  7  miles  long,  called  Drummond's 
pond,  whofe  waters  difcharge  them- 
felves  to  the  S.  into  Pafquotank  river, 
which  empties  into  Albemarle  found  ; 
on  the  N.  into  Elizabeth  and  Nanfe- 
mond  rivers,  which  fall  into  James  R, 
A  navigsble  canal  is  now  digging  to 
conneft  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
Pafquotank  and  Elizabeth  rivers.  The 
diltance  about  14  miles.  This  canal 
will  pafs  about  a  mile  £.  of  Drum- 
mond's  pond,  and  will  receive  water 
from  it.  The  Canal  company  are  in- 
corporated by  the  concurring  laws  of 
Virginia  and  North-Carolina.  This  ca- 
nal, when  finiflied,  will  open  an  inland 
navigation  from  the  head  of  Chefapeak 
bay,  including  all  the  rivers  in  Virginia, 
to  Georgetown  in  South-Carolina ;  and 
when  the  Ihort  canal  from  Elk  river  to 
Chriftiana  creek  is  opened,  the  cosft- 
munication  will  extend  to  Philadelphia 
and  the  otlier  ports  conne<fted  with 
Delaware  river.  Such  an  cKtenfive  in- 
land communication  muft  be  beneficial 
in  time  of  peace,  and  in  time  of  war 
will  be  efleutially  Serviceable. 

Dixon'j  Soundt  on  the  N.  W.coaft 
of  N.  America,  is  the  pafl*^  into  the 
found  between  the  main  land  and 
Wafbington's  or  Queen  Charlotte's  ii^ 
ands,  from  the  N.  W.    Tb  i  feems  to 

he 


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be  what  is  called  in  America  BarreWs 
SiunJ  }  which  fee. 

Dobb'j  Ferry ton  Hudfon  river, is  a6 
miles  above  New- York  city. 

Dobb'j  Co.  in  Newbem  diftria,  N. 
Carolina,  has  been  divided  into  two 
counties,  viz.  Olafgow  and  Lenoir,  fince 
the  cenfus  of  1790,  and  the  name  no 
longer  exifts.  It  contained  6893  in- 
babitants,  of  whom  1915  were  flaves. 

Doo'j  IJitind,  one  of  the  finafle^ 
VirRin  iflands,  fituated  on  the  weft 
of  Virgin  Gorda,  and  E.  of  Tortula. 
K.  lat.  18.  ao.  W.  long.  6z.  55. 

Doa-RiBBED  ladianj,  inhabit  round 
lake  Ediande,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  N. 
America.  They  are  often  at  war  with 
the  Arathapefcow  Indians.  Both  thefe 
tribes  are  among  the  moft  favage  of  the 
human  race.  They  trade  with  the 
Hudfon  bay  company's  fettlements. 
Ediande  lake  lies  N.  of  the  Arathapef- 
cow fea,  or  lake,  and  near  the  arftic 
circle. 

Domingo,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  one  of  the  four  great  An- 
tilles, the  largeft  of  them  all,  except  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  and  proved  the  cradle 
of  European  power  in  the  new  world. 
Chriftopher  Columbus  landed  on  it  the 
^th  of  Dec.  149a.  The  natives  called 
k  Hayti,  fignifying  high  or  mountainous 
land.  Charlevoix  fays  it  was  called 
^ifqueya,  that  is,  great  country,  or 
mother  of  countries.  Others  fay  it  had 
the  name  of  Bohio,  which  means,  a 
country  full  of  habitations  and  villages. 
Oolumbus  called  it  Hi/panhla,  or  Little 
Spain,  which  name  the  Spaniards  ftill 
retain,  though  St.  Domingo  is  the  name 
commonly  ufed  by  other  nations  ;  fo 
called  from  St.  Domingo,  the  capital  of 
the  Spaniih  part  ;  which  was  thuw  nam- 
fd  by  Columbus  in  honor  of  his  father. 
St. Domingo  is  fituated  between  17.55. 
and  20.  N.  latitude,  and  between  71. 
a^d  77'  W.  longitude  from  Paris.  It 
lies  45  leagues  E.  N.  E.  of  Jamaica,  iz 
S.  E.  of  Cuba,  and  »o  N.  W.  by  W.  of 
Porto  Rico  ;  and  is,  not  including  the 
imall  dependent  illands  that  fun-ound 
it,  160  leagues  long  from  E.  to  W.  and 
from  60  to  70  broad  from  N.  to  S. 
iVhen  the  Spaniards  difcovered  the  ifl- 
tnd,  there  were  on  it  at  leaft  a  million 
of  happy  inhabitants,  and  Bartholomew 
de  las  Cafas  fays  there  were  three  mil- 
lionOf    Such,  hcrevcr,  were  tJie  cruel- 


ties of  the  Spaniards,  and  to  fuch  an  in- 
famous  height  did  they  carry  their  op- 
preflTion  of  the  poor  natives,  that  they 
were  reduced  to  60,000  in  the  (hort 
fpace  of  15  years  !  It  formed  five  king- 
doms, each  governed  by  foverdgns  call- 
ed caciques.  The  names  of  thefe  king- 
doms were  Maqua,  Marien,  Higuay^ 
Maguana,  and  Xaraguay.  The  Span- 
iards had  polTeflion  of  the  whole  of  the 
ifland  for  130  years.  At  laft,  about  the 
year  1630,  a  handful  of  Englifli,  French, 
and  other  Europeans,  came  and  forced 
them  to  fight  in  its  defence,  and  after 
repeated  wars  for  50  years,  they  were 
forced  to  divide  tlie  ifland  with  the 
French.  Thefe  'latter,  being  ,thc  only 
furvivors  of  the  firft  free^booters  or  buc- 
caniers,  or  having  infenfibly  acquired 
an  afcendancy  among  them,  had,  fo 
early  as  iiS4o,  formed  this  alTembly  of 
individuals,  bom  under  the  domina- 
tion of  aimoft  all  the  powers  of  Eu- 
rope, into  a  French  colony,  under  the 
direftion  of  the  general  government, 
firft  eftablilhed  at  St.  Chriftophers,  and 
afterwards  at  Martinico.  The  Spaniih 
part  is  by  far  the  moft  extenfivc  and 
the  moft  fertile  ;  that  of  the  French  the 
beft  cultivated.  The  whole  illand  now 
belongs  to  the  French  republic,  the 
Spaniards  having  ceded  their  part  of  it 
to  that  power  in  the  treaty  of  1795. 

The  Spaniards,  however  ungrateful 
to  the  difcovercr  of  the  new  world  dur- 
ing his  life,  would  not  leave  his  duft 
out  of  their  territories.  The  remains 
of  Columbus,  who  died  the  aoth  of  May, 
1506,  were  firft  depoiited  in  SeviMe,  af- 
terwards removed  to  the  cathedral  in 
the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  and  laftly  con- 
veyed to  the  Havannali  in  a  74  gun  ihip  ; 
and  on  the  19th  of  January,  i79<''>  'I'l 
that  was  mortal  of  that  great  man,  was 
committed  to  the  earth  the  third  time, 
\vith  great  parade  and  ceremony. 

The  following  particulars  relating  to 
this  famous  ifland  are  founded  on  the 
beft  authority,  and  many  circumftances 
require  a  feparate  view  of  the  two  arti- 
ficial divifions  of  the  ifland,  viz.  the 
French  and  Spanifti  territories,  before 
they  were  united  under  one  head.  They 
are  both  alike  in  polTeffing  the  various 
productions  common  to  the  W.  Indies. 
The  European  cattle  are  fo  multiplied 
here  that  they  run  wild  in  the  woodb  ; 
few  of  thefe  are  in  the  French  part  in 
in  companion  with  the  Spaniih. 


DOM 


DOM 


The  two  great  chains  of  mountains, 
whicli  extend  from  E.  to  W.  and  their 
numerous  Ipurs,  give  the  idand  an  af- 
oedt,  at  a  cliftance,  not  fo  favorable  as  it 
tieferves.  They  are,  however,  the  caufe 
of  the  fertility  of  the  ifland.  They  give 
iburce  to  innumerable  rivers,  repel  the 
violence  of  the  winds,  vary  the  tempe- 
rature of  the  air,  and  multiply  the  re- 
fources  of  human  induftry.  They 
abound  with  excellent  timber,and  mines 
of  iron,  lead,  copper,  filver,  gold,  fome 
precious  ftones,  and  even  mercury. — 
With  refp<"dl  to  the  vegetable  claw  in 
this  ifland,  it  would  be  diflficult,  even 
in  a  work  devoted  to  the  fubjed,  to 
iexprefs  or  paint  all  their  majefty.  Here 
are  the  mountains  of  Cibao,  Sellct  and 
Hotte,  reckoned  looo  fathoms  above  the 
level  of  the  fea.  In  the  bowels  of  the 
firft,  the  cruel  Spaniai'ds  condemned 
thoufands  of  the  natives,  to  facriiice 
their  lives,  in  fearch  of  gold.  The 
mines  are  not  now  worked,  although 
Valvarde  thinks  they  might  be  to  advan- 
tage. In  the  plains,  in  the  Spanifh 
part,  the  heat  is  nearly  uniform,  but  va- 
ries in  proportion  to  their  diftance  from 
the  mountains.  In  the  plains,  the  ther- 
mometer is  fometimes  at  99.  In  the 
mountaina  it  rarely  rifes  above  7a.  or 
77.  There  the  nights  are  cool  enough 
to  render  a  blanket  not  unwelcome ; 
and  there  are  mountains  where  even  a 
fire  is  a  very  agreeable  companion  in 
fome  evenings.  The  contrail  of  vio- 
lent heats  and  heavy  rains  renders  St. 
Domingo  humid ;  hence  the  tarnilhcd 
appearance  of  almoft  all  metals, 
however  brilliant  the  poliih  they  may 
originally  have  had.  Tiiis  is  particular- 
ly obfervable  on  the  fea  ihore,  which  is 
more  unhealthy  than  the  interior 
parts  of  the  ifland.  The  fouthem  part 
of  the  ifland  is  pretty  much  fubjeft  to 
hurricanes,  called  here  fouthem  gales, 
becaufe  they  are  not  attended  with 
luch  dreadful  confequences  as  the  hur- 
ricanes in  the  windward  iflands. 

The  Spanifli  part  is  computed  to 
contain  about  90  leagues  in  its  greateft 
length  from  E.  to  W.  60  leagues  in  its 
greateft  breadth '  having  a  iurface  of 
about  3, SCO  fquare  leagues.  About  400 
I'quare  leagues  of  this  furfacc  is  in  moun- 
tains, which  aj-e  generally  more  capable 
of  cultivation  than  thofe  in  the  French 
part,  and  have  fometimes  a  foil  that 
tlilputes  the  preference  with  that  of  the 


vallies.  There  remains  therefore  a  fint 
fertile  furfacc  of  more  than  1,700  fquare 
leagues,  divided  into  vallies  and  plaini 
of  various  lengths  and  breadths. 

Many  circumftances  confpircd  to  ren- 
der this  ifland  a  place  of  importance  to 
the  Spaniards.  It  was  a  key  to  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  a  convenient  place  for  their  • 
fliipping  to  touch  at,  an  excellent  ren- 
dezvous for  their  fquadrons  and  fleets, 
and  an  important  hold  for  naval  opera-? 
tions  of  all  forts  ;  but  from  the  impoli- 
tic meafurcs  of  the  government,  and  the 
reftraints  on  commerce,  it  proved  rather 
a  burden  than  an  advantage  to  the 
mother  country.  ^^ 

The  cantons  or  jurifdiaions,  begin- 
ning at  the  weftemmoft  point  of  the 
Spanifli  frontiers,  on  the  fouthem  coaft 
or  narrows,  are,  Baharuco,  (pofleflcd  by 
the  brigands  or  fugitive  Spanifli  and 
French  negroes,  who  inhabit  the  moun- 
tain of  Bahomco),A^iyitf,  Azua,  Bant  or 
Vani,  the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  and  terri- 
tory dependent  thereon,  St  Laurent  des 
Mines,  Samana,  Cotuy,  La  Vega,  St. 
Tago,  Daxabon,  St.  Raphael,  Hinche, 
Baniqtte,  and  St.  John  of  Maguana. 
Over  the  whole  of  the  Spanifli  part  of 
the  ifland,  mountains  and  plains,  are 
fpread  1*5,000  inhabitants  ;  of  whorni 
110,000  are  free,  and  15,000  flaves  ^ 
which  does  not  amount  to  40  individu- 
als to  one  fquare  league.  The  Spanifli 
Creoles  are  infeniible  of  all  the  trpafures 
which  furround  them,  and  pafs  their 
lives  without  wlfliing  to  change  their 
lot ;  while  the  French  portion  nimiflics, 
three  fifths  of  the  produce  of  all  the 
French  Weft-India  colonies  put  togeth- 
er ;  01  more  than  10  millions  fterling. 
The  drcfa  and  mode  of  living  of  the 
Spanifli  Creoles  indicate  piide,  lazinefs, 
and  poverty.  A  capital,  which  ofitfelf 
indicates  decay,  little  infignificant  towns 
here  and  there,  a  few  colonial  fettlc- 
ments,  for  which  the  name  of  manufaC't 
tories  would  be  too  great  an  honor,  im* 
menfe  poflefTions  called  Mattes,  where 
beads  and  cattle  are  raifed  with  little 
care,  in  different  grades  of  domeftica- 
tion  ;  as  the  domeftic,  the  gentle,  and 
the  fliy.  Thofe  called  wild  or  moun- 
taineers, as  alfo  the  fhy,  coft  the  herdP- 
men,  called  pioneers  and  lancers,  im- 
menfe  labor  and  danger  in  the  chafe; 
The  haites  are  the  moft  numerous  fort 
of  Spanifli  fettlements,  aud  of  an  extent 
far  diiproportioned  to.  their   utility. 

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f  ome  are  (everal  fquarc  leagues,  and  do 
Qot  contain  above  500  head  of  cattle, 

{reat  and  fmall.  Some  are  called  horfc* 
attcs,  otberti  cattle-hatts,  according  to 
the  nanne  of  the  animals  they  contain  ; 
Others  oled  in  breeding  pip[s  are  called 
corails.  A  fmajl  piece  of  wood  land, 
called  veneric,  frcuuently  fervcs  as  a 
boundary  between  the  hattes,  ccnnmon 
to  thofe  on  both  fules  of  it,  and  alfo 
{belters  the  cattle  from  the  heat  of  the 
fun.  The  woodland  likewife  attracts 
Che  wild  animals,  and  lefTens  the  labors 
ofthe  huntfman.  In  tlicfc  hatte3,  the 
people  lodge  mifcrably,  and  have  but 
pour  fublil^ce.  Tlie  fmall  provifion 
yarms  called* t'on^foj,  fall  generally  to 
the  lot  of  the  poorer  colonics,  or  moft 
commonly  people  of  color,  of  freed 
people. 

The  fupply  of  homed  cattle  to  the 
French  part  ofthe  iflaiid  caimot  be  cf- 
timated  at  lefs  than  15,000  head  annu- 
ally ;  of  which  the  Spaniards  furnin^ 
four  fifths.  Thefe  at  30  dollars  a  head, 
and  bringing  them  by  the  Spaniards, 
cannot  be  lefs  than  450,000  dollars. 
This  forms  thice  quarters  ofthe  pro- 
<luce  of  the  colony;  and  the  impoft 
paid  to  government  is  10  percent.  Thp 
number  of  aoo,ooo  head  of  cattle  is  the 
number  in  the  general  cenfus  taken  by 
order  of  the  prefident  in  1780,  and  if 
we  count  the  cattle  exempted  from  the 
tribute,  they  may  amount  to  250,000  ; 
without  comprehending  horfes,  mules 
and  ades,  which,  with  an  augmentation 
eftimated  fmce  1780,  would  make  a 
ftock  of  300,000  head,  and  an  annual 
produdlion  of  60,000 ;  and  fuppofe  a 
fifth  part  of  the  young  ones  perifh  ac- 
cidentally, their  iliH  remains  48,000. 
The  refources  of  the  colonifts  are  very 
confined,  and  their  few  cftablifhments 
are  all  below  mediocrity.  There  are 
but  ^^  fugar  manufadories  of  any  con- 
sequence ;  the  reft  being  not  worth 
naming ;  and  even  thefe  2}  have  alto- 
gether but  about  600  negroes.  Of  the% 
6  proilucc  fyrop,  and  fome  fugar  ;  but 
the  others,  which  are  called  trapachies, 
where  animals  are  employed  to  turn 
the  mills  and  prefs  the  canes,  with- 
out (belter,  in  the  open  air,  make  noth- 
ing but  fyrop.  The  whole  of  which 
produce  is  generally  ufed  in  tlie  colony  ; 
fmall  quantities  are  fomctimee  fent  to 
Porto  Rico,  or  to  Old  Spain ;  and  the 
goodnefs  of  the  fugaj:  has  proved  ^t 


of  the  foil,  but  nothing  in  favor  of  the 
manufaiturcr.  The  coffee  raiitdhen 
is  excellent  j  each  tree  in  a  ftate  of 
bearing  will  produce  on  an  average  a 
pound  wcigiit,  and  is  (bnnetimes  of  % 
quality  equal  to  that  of  Mocha,  yet 
chocolate  is  preferred  to  it.  Cottoii 
grows  naturally  at  St.  Domingo,  of  an 
excellent  quality,  even  without  care,  in 
ftony  land,  and  in  the  crevices  of  the 
rocks.  The  numerous  roots  of  indigo 
arc  only  obftacles  to  the  feeble  cultiva- 
tion ofthe  fields,  vyhere  it  grows  fpon- 
tancoully.  All  thefe  valuable  produc- 
tions have  (harcd  the  fate  of  depopula- 
tion. Tobacco,  fays  Valverde,  has  here 
a  larger  leaf  than  m  any  other  part  of 
America;  it  grows  every  wh^re,  and 
equals  fometimes  that  of  Cuba  or  the 
Havannah.  It  is  as  much  efteemed  as 
this  latter,  in  the  manufacftures  of  Se» 
ville,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it  in  fe- 
gars.  Its  cultivation  has  lately  become 
ii>qre  general.  The  kemel  ofthe  cocoa 
nut  of  St.  Domingo  is  more  acidulated 
than  that  ofthe  cocoa  nut  of  Venezuela 
and  Caraca,  to  which  it  is  not  inferior ; 
and  experience  proves,  that  the  choco- 
late made  ofthe  two  cocoas  has  a  more 
delicate  flavor  than  that  made  of  the 
cocoa  of  Caraca  alone.  Acbiote,  gin- 
ger, and  cafiia  have  fhared  the  fate  of 
the  other  produ(5lions. 

The  population  of  the  Spanifh  part 
is  compofed  of  whites,  freed  people, 
and  Oaves.  There  ace  alfo  a  few  Creoles 
refembling  the  Indians,  having  long, 
ftraight  and  black  hair,  who  pretend  to 
be  defccndants  of  the  ancient  natives. 
They  are,  however,  thought  to  be  de- 
fcended  from  a  mixture  of  the  aborigi- 
nes and  the  Spaniards.  There  were^ 
however,  in  1744,  feveral  Indians  at 
Banique,  who  proved  their  defcent  from 
the  fubjedts  of  the  unfortunate  cacique 
Henri  ;  although  hiftorical  authority 
affirms  th^t  the  wb.ole  race  was  cxter- 
uunated. 

The  li-eed  people  are  few  in  number, 
if  compared  with  the  whites,  but  con- 
fiderable  in  proportion  to  the  number 
of  flayes.  The  people  of  color  are  ex- 
cluded from  almoft  all  employments, 
civil  as  \vcll  as  military,  as  lon^  as  the 
color  of  the  (kin  betrays  its  origm  ;  hat 
the  political  conftiti^tion  of  the  country 
admits  of  no  diftindion  between  the 
civil  rights  of  a  white  inhabitant  and 
th  ^•^  of  a  free  perfoo.    Indeed  the  tna- 

jor 


« 


DOM 

jdt  p*t  of  the  Spanifh  colonics  are  of 
a  mixed  race  :  this  an  African  feature, 
and  fonrictimcB  more  than  one,  often 
bttrnys  ;  but  its  frequency  has  filcnccd 
a  prejudice  that  would  othenvifc  be  a 
troublcfome  remembrancer.  People  of 
color  are  admitted  to  the  pricfthood 
withont  difficulty ;  but  the  Spaniards 
have  not  yet  brought  themfelves  to 
make  negro  priefts  and  bifhops  like  the 
Portuguefe.  Slaves  are  treated  vVith 
extreme  mildnefs,  and  are  ufually  fed  as 
well  as  their  mafters.  A  religious  prin- 
ciple and  an  illicit  affcftion  tend  to  their 
emancipation.  A  flave  can  redeem  him- 
felf  at  a  price  fixed  by  law.  Thus  the 
fate  of  the  flavc  is  foftened  by  the  hope 
of  freedom,  and  the  authority  of  the 
mafter  by  the  habit  of  being  confound- 
ed, it)  fomc  fort,  with  thofe  who  were 
the  other  day  in  flavcry.  The  laws 
againft  flaves  arc  much  negledled  ; 
thofe  in  their  favor  are  vtry  exaftly 
obferved. 

Few  of  the  Creoles  can  either  read  or 
write  ;  hence  the  want  of  focial  inter- 
courff ,  which  isalfo  augmented  bv  the 
badnefs  of  the  roads.  The  roaas  are 
•othing  but  paths  paflable  only  on  foot 
and  Ml  horfeback ;  and  8  leagues  a  day 
i"  very  great  work^  in  which  fpace  the 
ti\..  c'  t.  often  does  not  meet  with  a  An- 
gle jjabitation,  and  muft  confequently 
carry  with  him  every  necelftry  for  nou- 
rilhment  and  lodging.  Such  is  the  low 
ilate  of  commerce  in  the  Spaniih  part, 
that  Don  Antonio  de  Valverde,  a  na- 
tive Creole,  goes  fo  far  as  to  aflert,  in 
his  account  of  the  territory,  that  the 
commerce  in  cattle,  with  the  French 
part,  is  its  only  fupport. 

The  whole  ifland  is  in  general  well 
watered  by  rivers  and  brooks  without 
number,  but  certain  fpaces  are  deprived 
of  this  advantage.  From  the  formation 
of  the  ifland,  their  courfes  are  but  (hort, 
and  few  of  them  navigable  to  any  dift- 
amce.  It  is  generally  impofllble  to  con- 
ceive, from  the  tranquil  afpe<5t  that 
thefe  rivers  ufually  wear,  what  they  be- 
some  when  they  overflow  their  banks. 
A  river  that  but  now  hardly  covered  the 
pebbles  on  its  bed,  or  wet  the  foot  of 
the  traveller,  is  changed  by  one  tem- 
pefhious  fhower  into  a  flood,  menacing 
all  that  it  approaches;  and  fhcJu  its 
banks  give  way,  it  fpreads  its  watery 
^evaftation  over  the  plains.  Many  of 
thefi:  arc  ipfisfted  with  alligators.    The 


only  lakes  or  ponds  worth  notice  M* 
thofe  of  Ilenriquclle  and  Salt  pond  i 
the  former  is  a  great  curiofHy,  See 
Hcnrtquelle. 

The  chief  of  the  iflands  which  fur- 
round  St.  Domingo,  part  of  which  be* 
longed  t-^  the  Spanifh  part,  are  Altavele* 
Saone,  Beate,  St.  Catherine^  on  the  S^ 
fide,  from  W.  to  E.  Mone,  and  Mon- 
ique  on  the  S.E.  Caymitc,and  Gonave 
on  the  W.  bef  ween  the  two  peninlulas* 
and  La  Tortue,  on  the  N.  fide,  towards 
the  W.  end  of  the  ifland,  and  that  of 
AVache  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  fouthtrrt 
peninfula. 

The  ancient  divifion  line  which  fep- 
arated  the  French  from  the  Spanifh  part 
of  the  ifland  extended  from  the  river 
des  Anfes  a  Pitre  or  Pedcmales,  on  the 
S.  fide,  to  that  of  MafTacrc,  on  the  N* 
fide,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Mancen- 
ille,  which,  together  with  the  large  bay 
which  fets  up  from  the  wcftward,  be- 
tween Cape  St.  Nicholas  and  Cape 
Dame  Marie,  S.  W.  of  the  former,  and 
43  leagues  apart,  moulds  this  divifion 
of  the  ifland  into  fuch  a  figure,  as  catt 
be  beft  comprehended  by  a  view  of  the 
map  ;  fuffice  it  to  fay,  that  it  contains 
a,joo,ooo  acres  of  land,  of  an  extremely 
fertile  foil,  prcfcnting  an  agreeable  va- 
riety of  hills,  vallies,  woods  and  flreams. 

The  French  part  of  St.  Domingo, 
containing  a,5oo,ooo  acres,  of  which 
1,500,000  were  under  high  cultivation 
in  1789,  was  then  divided  into  10  jurif-* 
didtions,  which  were  fubdivided  into^" 
51  pariflies.  Weft  jurifdiiftions.  Port 
aft  Prince,  St.  Mark,  Le  Petit  Goave» 
and  Teremie — in  the  north.  Cape  Fran- 
9ois,  Fort  Dauphin,  and  Port  de  Paix— - 
thofe  in  the  fouth,  Les  Cayes,  Sl.  Louis# 
and  Jacmel.  Before  tht.  late  revolution^ 
there  were  in  thefe  pariihes  about42,ooo 
white  people,  44,000  free  people  of 
color,  and  6co,ooo  flaves.  Other  ac- 
counts make  them  confiderably  lefs  $ 
the  above,  however,  is  from  good  au- 
thority. The  number  of  deatlis,  during 
1789,  according  to  the  bills  of  mortali- 
ty, 7 1  a  I — the  number  of  births  the  fame 
ycar,4»3 2.  The  excefs  of  deaths*  2889^ 
will  be  tlie  lefs  aftonifhing,  when  it  i!» 
confidered,  that  in  the  years  1787,  and 
1788,  there  had  been  imported  into 
the  colony  nearly  60,000  new  negroes. 
The  exports  from  Jan.  j,  1789,  to  Dec 
31, of  the  fiime  year,  were  47,5i6,53ilbs> 
white  fugar,   23,573,300  brown  fugar  ; 

76,835.»i9 


i^l': 


IM 


'I   \ 


? 


',1  i 


■WJIW"'^"'". '■'•J'V^'"'*?'-'™»^'I'»,Wi"|FWI"'^l"^-W-.'?'* 


.-Br 


A    <- 


b  O  M 

?M35>*'9  lbs.  coffee;  7,004,274  lbs. 
cotton;  758,6j8lb8.  ii'digo  ;  and  other 
articles,  as  tanned  hideb;  molafTes,  fpir- 
its,  &c.  to  the  value  of  46,873  livrcs. 
The  total  value  of  duties  on  the  above 
exportations,  amounted  to  770,^01  dol- 
lars, 3  cents.  Port  au  Prince  is  the  feat 
of  the  French  government  in  this  idand, 
in  time  of  peace,  and  a  place  of  con- 
fiderablc  trade.  Cape  Francjois  exceeds 
]^ort  au  Prince  in  the  value  of  its  pro- 
duftions,  the  elegance  of  its  buildings, 
and  the  advantageous  fituation  of  its 
port.  It  is  the  governor's  rcfidence  in 
time  of  war.  The  Mole,  though  hik- 
rior  to  thefe  in  other  refpefls,  is  the  lirft 
port  in  the  ifland  for  fr.r  t/  1.'  time  of 
war,  being  by  nature  and  art  j^rongly 
fortified.  The  other  towns  and  ports 
of  any  note,  are  Fort  Dauphin;  St. 
Mark,  Leogane,  Petit  Goave,  Jeremie, 
Les  Cayes,  St.  Louis,  and  Jacmel,  which 
fee  under  their  different  names. 

The  moft  ancient  town  in  this  ifland, 
and  in  all  America,  built  bv  Europeans, 
is  St.  Domingo  ;  of  which  an  account 
18  given  below.  To  thefe  p^^ular 
observations,  we  i.Jd  the  following,  of  a 
more  general  nature  :  The  fugar  and 
indigo  plantations  were  in  the  flat,  the 
coffee  in  the  mountainous  lands.  The 
plantations  weie  for  the  moft  part  en- 
clofed  with  live  hedges,  ftraight  and 
well  dreffed  ;  the  dw  oiling  and  manu- 
factory houfet;  were  built  and  laid  out 
,','ith  great  neatncfs  and  tafte  ;  every 
habitation  poffefTed  ::  private  iiofpital 
for  the  accommodation  of  its  fick  ne- 
groes, who  vrere  parentally  dealt  with  ; 
the  roads  were  excellent ;  and  from  the 
general  hoipitality  and  cheerfulnefs  of 
it^  former  inhabitants,  it  was  coiilidered 
as  one  cf  the  moft  enviable  fpots  on 
earth.  Such  was  the  French  part  of 
St.  Domingo  in  1789  ;  but,  alas  !  it  is 
no  more  :  the  deflru(5ti\e  ravages  of  an 
unrelenting  infurredUon,  of  frightful 
liiaflacres  and  conflagrations,  have  laid 
wafte  all  thofe  beautiful  fettlements, 
reduced  the  buildings  to  afhes,  and  laid 
low  in  dufl  or  fca^trred  in  exile,  its 
wretched  inhabitants. 

The  firft  interference  of  the  National 
AffemWy.  in  the  affairs  of  the  colonics, 
was  by  a  decree  of  the  8th  of  March, 
1790,  which  declared,  "•*  That  all  free 
perfons,who  were  propretors  and  refi- 
deuts  of  two  years  (landing,  and  who 
contributed  to  the  exigencies  of  the 


15  b  ft 

ftate,  fhonld  exercife  the  rights  of  vot* 
ing,  which  conflitute  the  quality  of 
French  citizens."  This  decree,  though 
in  fadt  it  gave  no  new  rights  to  the  peo- 
ple of  color,  was  regarded  with  a  jeal- 
ous eye  by  the  white  planters  ;  whofe 
pride  and  refentment  diftated  to  them 
to  repel  the  people  of  color  from  their 
affemblies.  This  feems  to  be  the  true 
fource  of  their  calamities  ;  to  develope 
which,  and  the  dreadful  confequences, 
belong  to  the  profcffed  hiftorian. 

DoMiNOO,  St.  the  apital  of  the 
Spariifh  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go oi-  Hifpaniola,  is  fituated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Ozama,  a  league  below 
the  mouth  of  Ifabella  river,  in  which 
diftance  it  is  14  feet  deep,  having  a  bot- 
tom of  mud  or  foft  fand,  and  banks  20 
feet  perpendicular  height  ;  but  N.  of 
the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to  4  feet. 
The  Ozama  is  navigable  for  9  or  10 
leagues,  and  has  feveral  fugar  manufac- 
tories, tile  kilns,  and  provifion  farms  on 
its  banks.  The  road  before  the  mouth 
of  the  Ozama  is  very  indifferent,  and 
lies  exjpofed  from  W.  S.  W.  to  E.  It  is 
impoffible  to  anchor  in  it  in  the  time 
of  the  fouth  winds  ;  and  the  north 
winds  drive  the  veffels  from  their  moor- 
ings out  into  the  fea,  which  here  runs 
extremely  high.  The  port  of  St.  Do- 
mingo is  magnificent  in  every  rcfpedt  j 
a  real  natural  bafon,  with  a  great  num- 
ber of  careenings  for  the  veffels  that  can 
get  at  them.  There  is  a  rock  at  the 
entrance,  which  will  only  admit  vefTcls 
drawing  1 8  or  ao  feet  water  ;  which  it 
is  afferted  might  be  remoVed  without 
great  difficulty. 

The  city  of  St.  Domingo  was  orig  1- 
aliy  founded  on  the  E.  fide  of  the  Oza- 
ma, in  1494,  by  Bartholomew  Colum- 
bus, who  gave  it  the  name  of  New- 
Ifabella.  Authors  affcrt  that  Chrilto- 
pher  Columbus  gave  it  the  name  of  his 
father,  and  that  the  inhabitants  of  Ifa- 
bella on  the  N.  coaft  of  the  illand, 
founded  by  Chriftopht-r  Columbus  in 
149.U  removed  to  New-Ifabella  in  1496. 
In  1502  a  hurricane  deftroycd  moll  of 
its  buildings,  which  induced  Ovando  to 
remove  the  inhabitants  to  the  W.  fide 
of  the  river.  The  new  city  was  fooiv 
built,  and  that  with  a  grandeur  of  de- 
fign  not  unworthy  of  the  firfl  metropo- 
lis of  the  New  Worid.  The  plan  of 
the  city  is  a  trapezium  of  about  540 
fathoms  on  the  £.  Ude^  along  the  Oza« 

ma; 


nia; 


iha  ;  near  500  fathoms  on  the  S.  bor< 
during  on  the  fea;  and  of  about  i8eo 
fathoms  ift  circumference.  To  the  W. 
and  to  the  N.  of  the  city,  the  land  is 
rough  and  rocky  for  about  half  a  league, 
but  after  that  it  becomes  good,  and  the 
country  delightful:  Towards  the  fea 
the  fcitc  of  the  city  lies  very  high,  which 
forms  an  infurmountable  dyke  againft 
:he  fury  of  the  wares.  It  is  furrounded 
with  a  rampart  8  feet  io  diaraet^rj  and 
abbwt  10  feet  high.  There  is  a  great 
deal  of  ordnance  at  St.  Domingo,  par- 
ticularly caft  ord,nance,  but  the  forti- 
fications are  not  flrong  ;  and  the  height 
of  the  Ilc'gnes  commands  it  entirely  ; 
and  its  crown  is  not  more  than  ajo 
fathoms  from  the  ditch.  The  flreets 
are  fpacious,  and  ftrait  as  a  line,  which 
gives  it  a  pleafing  appearance.  Ten  of 
thefc  ftrcets  run  from  N.  to  S.  and  10 
bthcrs  from  E.to  W.  The  greateft  part 
ftf  the  houfesj  firft  built,  are  of  '■  fort 
of  marble  fOundin  the  vicinity,  and  in 
the  ftyle  df  the  ancient  towns  of  Spain 
and  Italy  :'  thofc  of  a  niore  recent  con- 
/trufkion  art  of  tapii*  a  fort  of  pife. 
To  erca  thefe  buildings,  a  cafe  is  made 
of  plants,  between  pillars  of  mafopry  : 
this  cafe  is  filled  by  degrees  with  ared- 
difh  clay;  which  is  lammed  down  as  it 
is  thrown  in,,  until  it  fOrnis  a  folid,'  Of 
fort  of  wall,  between  tht  pillars.  The 
clay  thus  prefTcd  tdgethef,  acquires  an 
■Imazing  nardnefs,  and  the  Walls  are 
fomctiffies  fo  folid  and  ftrong,  that  the 
pWhrs  of  mafonry  are  ufelefs.  The 
houles  of  St.  Domingd  are  tolerably 
handfome,  in  a  fimplc  ftyle,  and  nearly 
uniform.  A  confiderable  part  of  thefe, 
built  within  thefe  15  years,  are  of  wood,, 
Covered  t*ith  the  leaves  6r  taches  of 
palm  trees.  The  roof^  art  generally 
platformed,  being  fhaped  fo  as  to  con- 
4u<ft  the  rain-water  to  the  ciltems.  ,The 
climate  of  the  capital  is,  happily,  very 
temperate.  The  nights  of  thoie  months 
which  anfwei  to  the  wh.ter  in  Europe, 
are  even  found  to  be  cold. 

Amon|;  a  number  of  piiblic  edifices 
thAt  tflcnt  attention,  in  this  declining  ci- 
tv,  •Ore  may  reckon  the  ruins  of  the  hoiife 
tnat  Diego,  fon  of  Chriftopher  Colum- 
bus, had  begun,  entirely  of  hewed  fVone. 
The  walls  are  yet  remaining,  and  fome 
cit  the  fiiulptxii'C  roUhd  the  'vindoWs. 
The  roof  and  ciclings  nrc  fallen  In,  the 
ItrWcr  floor  is  become  a  pen  for  Cuttle  ; 
i-H?  a  Latin  mfiTription  ever  tlie  t>ort?.l, 
[T  I] 


D  O  1*1 

is  now  hidden  by  the  hUt  of  a  herdfmfin. 
The  cathedral,  of  the  fame  fort  of  ftonfi 
as  the  houfe  of  Diego  Columbus,  ftanda 
on  the  S.  E.  Oppofite  its  entrance  is 
a  fine  fpacious  oblong  fquare,  at  the  S, 
W.  end  of  which  is  the  town  houfe. 
The,  cathedral  is  a  noble  Gothic  pile 
begun  in  1512,  and  finifhed  in  1540, 
and  was  conftrutfied  after  the  model  of 
4  church  at  Rome.  It  merits  admira- 
tion oh  account  of  the  boldnefs  of  its 
vault,  which,  notwitliftanding  the  ravag- 
es of  earthquakes  in  its  neighborhood, 
has  never,  till  within  thefe  15  or  ao 
years,  had  a  fingle  flavi'.  The  duft  of 
Columbus  reftdd  within  this  piU  until 
the  year  1796,  when  it  ^Va8  removed. 
Here  are  3  convents  for  men ;  which 
have  increafed  in  importance  fince  178a; 
s  nunneries,  3  hofpitals,  a  college,  and  a 
gaol.  The  convent  of  the  Cordeliers 
was  liiiilt  by  Ovando  in  150.^,  on  alit- 
tle  hill  containing  a  mine  of  mercury. 
All  the  3  parothial  churches  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, are  beautHul,  rich  in  ornaments,, 
in  vafes  of  gold  and  filver  fet  with  pre- 
cious ftones,  Jri  pictures,  in  ftatues  of 
marble  and  of  metal ;  but  the  cathedral 
furpalTes  the  othefsin  every  refpetft. 
The  population  bf  the,  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo is  not  very  confiderable  ;  yet  it  is 
extraordinarily  augmented  fince  the 
year  1780;  The  cenfus  lately  taken, 
^rrlottnted  to  40,000,  of  every  age  and 
fex.  But  this  is  far  btlow  the  exat\ 
number.  ^The  cenfUs  is  taken  by  the ' 
Spanifh  pfieftsor  vicars,  and  who  go  froni 
houfe  to  houfe  to  verify  thofe  who  do  not 
perform  their  pafchal .  duties.  This  lifl 
does  not  comprehend  children  under  j 
^ears  of  age,  ^or  heads  of  families  abfent 
from  their  hc'ftie  v;r  from  the  city.  But 
the  principal  taufe  of  the  inexaftnefs, 
is,'  one  hali*  of  the  parochial  territory  of 
the  city  ;:  on  the  outflde  of  the  wall's. 

This  territpry  comprehends  the  part 
called  the  Plains,  a  great  part  of  the 
Monte-de-Plate,  and  again  as  well  to  the 
K.  As  to  the  W.  of  the  city,  a  very  con- 
fiderable number  of  country  feats  and 
provifion  habitations,  where  tliere  are  al 
great  ma'ny  families  of  blacks,  of  people 
of  color,  and  white  cultivators  ;  fo  that 
there  are  alway;;  5  or  6000  not  included 
in  the  cenfuo. 

Notwitbftar.ding  the  declining  fitua- 
tion  of  ihe  SpanHh  territory  of  the  ift- 
;uid,  it  is  far  more  profperous  than  it 
was  60  years  ago.    A  cenfu$  even  uf 


!< 


^ff*' 


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f 


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M; 


17  O  M 


t)  OU 


i;m   ' 


!'■ 

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rf 

WmW  "M* 

If 

Wtm  ■  M 

'■'ft| 

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^mmU  m 

p ', 


T737  fiiows,  that  the  total  population 
at  that  time  did  not  furpats  6000  fouls, 
and  the  capital  contained  hardly  500. 

The  Spanifh  capital  is  70  leagues  E. 
by  S.  of  Port  au  Prince,  the  road  runs 
half  the  way  along  the  lea  coaft,  through 
Bany,  Azua,  and  Neybe,  and  thence  by 
the  lakes  HenriqucUe  and  Brackilh- 
pond.  In  this  route  you  have  to  crofs 
two  large  rivers,  Nifai  ard  Neybe,  bc- 
iides  1 1  Imaller  Jlreams.  It  is  90  leagues 
S.  E.  of  Cape  Francois*  going  by  the 
rpad  through  St.  Raphael,  Ajmr,  Sec. ; 
and  about  100  leagues  by  thit  of  Daha- 
bon,  St.  Yague,  and  La  Vtga.  N.  lat. 
18.  19.  30.  W.  long,  from  Paris  yz.  37. 
See  l)ominr;o,.  St.  the  preceding  article. 

DoMJNiCAvthe  laft  of  the  leewrard 
Charaibec  or  Cr.ribbee  i^ands^  taking 
them  from  N.  W.  to.  S.  F.  ;  but  the 
Spaniards  call  it  the  laft  of  the  wind- 
ward iflands.  ft  is  fituated  about  half 
way  betwixt  Guadaloupe  on  the  N.W. 
and  Martinico  on.  the  S.  E.  ij  leagues 
from  each,  between  15.  ao.  and  15.  44. 
30.  N.  lat.  and  between.  61.  17.  and 
6i.  30.  W.  long,  being  about  29  miles 
in  length  from  Crab-Point  S.  to  the  N. 
W.  cape  of  Agulha  bay  on  the  N. ;  and 
nearly  16  miles  broad  from  Raymond 
bay  E.  to  Coulihaut  on  the  W. ;  and 
contains  186,436  acres  of  land,  and  is 
divided  into  10  pariflies,  viz.  St.  John,. 
St.  Andrew,  St.  Peter,  St.  Jofeph,  St. 
Paul,  St.  David,  St.  George,  St.  Patrick, 
St.  Luke,  and  St.  Martin.  The  ifland 
contains  many  high  and  rugged  moun- 
tains, interfperfed  with  fertile  vallies, 
and  is  watered  by  upwards  of  30  rivers, 
befide  a  number  of  rivulets.  Several 
of  the  mountains  cont<iin  unextinguiHi- 
ed  volcanoes,  which  frequently  dif- 
charge  vaft  quantities  of  burning  ful- 
j^hur.  Here  are  feveral  hot  fprings,  ef- 
tec;med  efficacious  in  removing  tropical 
diforders.  Some  of  the  waters  are  faid 
to  be  hot  enough  to  coagulate  an  e^g. 
Here  are  vafl  fwarms  of  bees,  which 
produce  a  gi'eat  quantity  of  wax  and 
honey  ;  they  hive  in  the  trees,  and  are 
thought  to  have  been  tranfported  from 
Europe  :  the  native  bee  of  the  Weft-In- 
dies l>eing  .1  fmaller  fpecies,  unprovided 
■with  ftings,  and  very  different  in  its 
itianners  from  the  European.  The  for- 
efts  afford  an  inexhauilible  quantity  of 
Tofe  wood,  fo  efteemcd  by  cabinet  mak- 
ers. The  fruits  and  other  produdlions 
arc  limilar  to  tbofe  iu  the  neighboring 


iflands  ;  but  the  foil  being  gcncraUjf 
thin,  is  more  adapted  to  the  rearing  o( 
cotton  than  fugar.  The  bcfteyc-ftones 
that  are  known,  are  found  on  the  fhores 
of  this  ifland.  They  have  their  name 
from  the  ufe  which  is  made  of  them, 
for  clearing  the  eyes  of  any  dirt.  They 
are  ihaped  like  a  Ientil»  fmooth  and 
lleek,  but  much  frnaller,  and  of  a  grey 
color.  The  value  of  export3,'according 
to  the  current  London  prices  in  178^, 
amounted  to  £,.  302,987-15  ftcr.  includ- 
ing exports  to  the  American  ftates* 
value  £,.  7,164-5.  The  cargoes,  in  161 
vefll'lfl,  confifted  of  71,302  cwt.  1  qr, 
21  lbs.  of  iupar — 63,392  gall,  of  rum — 
16,803  gall,  molaires^ — T,i94cwt.  3  qrs, 
2  lbs.  cacao —18,149  cwt.  3  ^I'^s*  6  lbs. 
coft"ee — 1 1,2 J olbs.  indigo — 9  70,8 1 6;lbs. 
cotton — 161  cwt.  ginger,  beiide*  hide?» 
dying  woods,  &c.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants, in  the  fame  year,  appears  to 
have  been  1136  whites — 445  free  ne- 
groes, &c.  and  14,967  (laves.  There  arc 
alfo  about  30  families  of  Charaibes,  the 
remains  of  the  .ancient  natives.  The 
only  towns  here  of  any  note  are  Char- 
lotte town,  the  capital  and  the  feat  of 
government*  formerly  called  Roflcau, 
on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  the  ifland,  and 
Portimoutlv  fituated  at  the  head  of 
Prince  Rupert's  bay. 

Dominica,  from  its  local'  fituatlon, 
between  Marti  nico  and  Guadaloupe,  is 
the  beft  c^alculated  of  all  the  Britifli  pof- 
felfions  in  that  part  of  the  world,  for  fe- 
curingtoherthedominionoftheCharaib- 
bean  fea.  A  few  fliips  of  war  in  Prince 
Rupert's  bay  would  effeAually  ftop  all 
intercourfe  of  the  French  fettlements 
with  each  other,  as  not  a  ><eflel  can  pafs 
but  is  liable  to  cajjture,  by  fhips  cruif- 
ing  off  that  bay,  and  to  windward  of 
the  ifland.  It  is  a  fcparate  government 
and  a  free  port.  I'he  anchorage  is 
good  all  round  the  coaft  of  Dominica  \ 
but  it  has  no  port  or  bay  for  retiring 
into  ;  but  the  veflels  have  the  advan- 
tage of  flielter  behind  many  of  its  capes. 

It  was  difcovered  by  Chriftopher  Co- 
lumbus, Nov.  3,  1493  ;  and  had  ita 
name  from  being  difcovered  on  a  Sun- 
day. It  was  taken  by  the  French  in 
the  late  war,  and  reftored  to  Britain  at 
the  peace  of  1783. 

Dominica,  La,  one  of  the  Marquefa 
iflands,  called  by  the  natives  Hemaroa, 
is  the  largeft  of  them  all,  extending  E. 
and  W.  6  leagues  j  is  about  16  leagues 

in 


DOR 


D  O  ly 


fa  circuit,  full  of  rugged  hills,  and  of  a 
barren  aipeA  j  but  is  inhabited.  S.  lat. 
^.44.  The  long,  of  the  W.  cud  from 
Greenwich  is  139.  13.  W. 

Don  Christopher'j  Cove,  iks  on 
the  N.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
having  St.  Anne's  bay  on  the  W.  and 
Mammee  bay  on  the  S.  E.  It  is  re- 
markable for  having  given  flielter  to 
the  difcoverer  of  America,  during  a 
itcHrm,  in  1503,  and  for  being  the  fcite 
of  the  old  town  of  Sevilla  dc  Nucva. 

Done  jk,  an  interior  fettlement  in 
the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 3  leagues  N.  W.  of  St.  Raphael 
in  the  Spanilh  part,  and  13  leagues  £. 
by  N.  of  Les  Gonaives. 

Donegal.  There  ar^  3  townfhips 
in  Penufylvania  of  this  name  ;  the  one 
in  Lancafter  co.  the  other  in  that  of 
Weftmorelasid,  and  the  third  in  Wafh- 
ington  CO. 

DooBOUNT  Lake,  newly  difcovered, 
about  60  or  70  miles  long,  and  ao  or  30 
broad  ;  lies  fouth-eaft  of  the  head  of 
Chefterfield  inlet,  in  New  South  Wales. 

DuRCHssTER,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New-Hamplhire,  incorporated 
in  176J.  In  1790  it  contained  175  in- 
habitants. It  lies  N.  E.  of  Dartmouth 
College  about  1 7  miles. 

Dorchester,  an  ancient  and  thriv- 
ing townihip  in  Notiolk  co.  Malfachu- 
fctts,  fettled  as  early  as  1630.  A  num- 
ber of  towns  have  been  taken  otF  from 
it  lince  its  firft  fettlement.  It  is  lituat- 
ed  a  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bofton,  and  is 
now  about  6  miles  long  and  3  (•  broad. 
The  chief  manufadures  here  are  paper, 
choct)late,  fnutt",  leather,  and  flioes  of 
various  forts.  It  has  a  handfome  church, 
a.-;  6  houfes,  and  1 711  inhabitants.  The 
N.  E,  point  of  the  peninfula,  called 
Doicheller  neck,  approaches  within 
half  a  mile  of  Caltle  illand,  and  its  N. 
W.  point  within  half  a  mile  of  the  S. 
part  of  Bofton.  Forts  \vere  ereded  on 
the  heights  in  the  late  war  ;  and  this 
town  and  its  vicinity  fuftered  mush  dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  war. 

Dorchester,  in  Cumberland  co. 
New-Jerfey,  lies  on  the  £.  lide  of  Mor- 
ris R.  about  5  miles  Irom  its  mouth  in 
the  bay,  and  1 7  eaft  ward  of  Fairfield. 

Dorchester  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies 
on  the  £.  fide  of  Chefapeak  hay  ;  on 
the  S.  fide  of  Choptank  R.  which  fcpa- 
Kites  it  from  Talbot  co.  It  has  feveral 
tflands  on  its  coaft  ;  the  chief  of  thefei 


from  th?  mouth  of  Hudfon  river,  "arc, 
James,  Taylor's,  Barren,  Hooper's,  and 
Goldfborough's,  which  laft  lies  between 
Hungary  rivtr  and  Fiftiing  bay.  The 
length  of  the  county  from  E.  to  W.  is 
about  33  miles,  and  its  breadth  from  N. 
to  S.  37  miles.  The  number  of  its  in- 
habitants 15,875,  of  whom  5337  are 
flaves.  The  lands  in  the  r'^rthern  part* 
are  fomewhat  elevated,  out  in  the 
fouthem  parts  low  and  marihy,  partic- 
ularly along  Fifhing  bay,  and  up  its  wa- 
ters, Tranfcjuakiiig,  Blackwater,  and 
Fearim  creek,  and  along  Hungaiy  R.  an 
arm  of  the  Chefapeak.  The  produce  is 
chiefly  wheat,  com,  and  lumber.  Its 
chief  town  is  Cambridge. 

Dorchester,  a  fmall  town  of 
Charlefton  diftridt,  South-Carolina,  feat* 
ed  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  Afhley  R.  18 
miles  W.  N.  W.  of  Charlefton  city.— 
This  place  was  fettled  and  named  as 
early  as  1700,  by  a  colony  from  Dor- 
chefter  and  its  vicinity  in  Maflachufetts ; 
and  a  part  of  its  inhabitants,  about  the 
year  1750,  left  it  and  fettled  Midway, 
m  Georgia. 

DoRLACH,  a  townfhip  in  Otfego  co. 
New-York.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  i  796» 
433  of  its  inhabitants  arc  eleftors. 

Dorset,  a  townfliip  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vrrmont,  having  Rupert  W.  Man- 
chefter  S.  and  Danby  N. ;  and  contains 
958  inhabitants,  37  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Bennington. 

Douglass,  a  townfliip,  the  fouth- 
esTimoft  in  Woirefter  co.  Maflachufetts, 
having  the  fl:ate  of  Rhode-Ifland  on  the 
S.  and  that  of  Connedicut  an  the  S.  W. 
and  through  it  palPes  the  middle  road 
from  Bofton  to  Now-Yortc.  It  is  a  very 
rocky  townfliip,  and  contains  1080  in- 
habitants. It  lies  16  miles  S.  of  Wor- 
cellcr,  and  47  S.  W.  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  anno  1746,  and  received 
its  name  in  honor  of  William  Douglafs« 
M.  D.  of  Bofton,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
and  a  confiderable  benetiK^or  to  the 
town. 

Douglass,  a  townfliip  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Douglass,  a  cape  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  which  forms  the 
W.  fide  of  the  entrance  into  Cook's  R. 
oppofite  Point  Bede,  which  forms  the 
E.  fide.  It  is  a  very  lofly  promontory, 
whofe  elevated  fummit  appears  above 
the  clouds,  forming  two  exceeding  high 
mouutains.Lat.58.j6.N.Iong.ao6.io.K. 

DoVty'/ 


'*^'.\ 


\  y 


f\ 


^ 


^1 


4 

'if 


B  Q  V 

,  3>0OTyV  Falht  in  York  co.  MsiiKt 
^  plac^  where  9  poft  ofBce  is  kept ;  7 
iliiles  fiom  Berwick,  and  S  from  San- 
ford. 

X>ov:gii,  a  townQijp  in  Norfolk  co. 
TylafTachufttts,  incorporated  anno  i6jo. 
IJt  contains  485  inhabitant!!,  s^id  lie§  15 
Ti)i\?s  fputhward  of  Bofton, 
.  Dover,  a  confiderable  townfhip  in 
Strafford  co.  Ncw-Hamp(hire,  and  the 
Ihire  tq\\a  of  tha  county  ;  (jtuated  on 
ihe  foulLhern  fuifi  of  Cochecho  R.  about 
4  miles  above  its  jqnftion  with  Salmqn 
J^'ail  R.  which  together  f^rm  the  Eifcat- 
ijqua  ;  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochefter, 
6  from  Berwick,  in  Maine,  ^nd  ;»  N. 
W.  by  N.  from  Portfmouth.  The  lo- 
<iian8  named  it  Winichahanat,  and  Co- 
checho ;  by  the,  firft  fettlerj,  it  was 
called  Northam. '  It  was  incorporated 
i'l  ^633,  and  contains  1919$  inhabitants. 
The  public  buildings  arc.  a  Congrega- 
tional churcb,  court-houfQ  and  gaol. 
At  Dover  isi  a  high  neck  of  land,  be- 
tween the  noain  btranch  of  Pifcataqua 
;^n4  ila^ck  R.  a^ut  iwq  mjlcs  long^  and 
half  a  miie  wide,  riling  gently  along  a 
f^ns  road,  and  d^lining  qn  each  iide, 
like  ^  Oiip's  deck*  It  comm^'ids  an  eK- 
tcnfive.  and  variegated  profpe^Sk  of  the 
rivers,  Itays,  ;idjacent  Ihqrea,  and  dif- 
t^nt  mpmitains.  It  haa  often  bee>\  ad- 
mired by  travellers  aa  a.n  ^egant  fitua- 
tion  for  a  city,  and  by  military  gentle- 
men for  a  fortrefs.  The  ftrft  fettlers 
pitched  here,  but  the  trade  haa  lonj? 
$nce  bef  n  removed  to  Cochecho  falls  ; 
.nnd  this  beautiftil  fpot  is.  almpft  dcfert- 
ed  of  inhabitants.  N.  lat.  43, 11.  W. 
l.Qns:.  70.  50. 

Dover,  a  townfiiip,  in  Monmouth 
CO.  New-Jerfev,  between  Shrewfbury 
and  New-8tafK>rd,  and  extends  from 
the  fea  tg  the  co.iwty  line.  Although 
;\]ai'ge  townfliip,  i%  contains  only  910 
ijih^j^iianM)  who  live  moftly  upon  the 
feaw(jior«.  There  is  l?ut  one  church, 
the  property  of  a  generous  and  benevo- 
lent individual  ;  who  gives  liberty  to 
mioiftera  of  aU  deoomiiiation&  to  preach 
in  it  whenever  th<;y  pJi^afc. 

Dover,  the  metropolis  of  Ddaware 
ftate,  in  Keskt  co.  ou  the  J?-  W.  fide  of 
Jojies  crcekj  abo.ut  4|  miles  N.  W. 
from  ita  mouth,  in  the  PelawiU-e  ;  iz 
mile»  from,  Duck  creek,  4*  fA>m  Wil- 
miagton»  and  76  S,  5,  W.  of  Philadek 
phia.  It  «^t'ains'  a^ut  100  houies, 
i)ui^  principally  oi  bsick.  Tha-p  are 
%r«Bi¥lrrt 


D  R  U 

4  ftroets,  which  inttrfeft  «ach  othM 
at  right  angles,  in  the  centre  of  the 
town.  The  area  included  within  thefe 
interfeiftions  extends  into  a  fpacious 
parade  ;  pn  the  E.  fide  of  wrhich  is  a« 
elegant  ftat«;-houfc.  The  town  has  * 
lively  appearance,  and  drives  on  a  con- 
fiderable trade  with  Philadelphia,cbiefl)r 
in  flour.  N.  lat.  39. 10.  W,  long.  7^.  34, 

Dover,  a  town  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  Fox  Run,  which  falls  into 
Conew^go  creek,  n^ar  its  mouth,  in  the 
Sufquehanna.  It  contains  a  German 
IfUtheran  and  Calvinift  church,  united ; 
and  about  49  houfes. 

Downs,  pr  Downtt  a  townlhip  in 
Cumberland  co,  New-J«rfey.  « 
■  powN iNGs,  a  ppft  town  of  Penirfyl" 
vania,  in  Chefter  co.  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Brandy  wine  creek  ;  33  miles  W.by  N. 
of  Philadelphia,  and  near  7  N.  W.  of 
Weftcheftcr. 

DoYLSTOWN,  a  village  in  Bucks  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  lo  miles  S.  W.  of  IIow- 
ell's  ferry,  on  Delaware  R.  15  N.  W. 
of  Newton,  and  33  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Dracht,  ^  townlhip  in  the  north- 
crnmoft  part  of  Middleiex  co.  qnthe 
northern  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  oppo- 
fite  Patucket  Falls.  It  contains  1217 
inhabitants,  and  lies  30  miles  N,  by  W. 
of  Bofton,  and  tS  S>  W.  of  Exeter,  in 
New-Hampfhire. 

Drake,  a  harbor  in  California,  fo 
called  after  the  celebrated  Sir  Francisi 
Drake,  who  difcovcred  and  took  poffef- 
Uon  of  the  peiiinfuh  of  California,  for 
his  miftreff..  Queen  Elizabeth.  N.  lat. 
z8.  1$.  W.  long.  HI.  39. 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  or  Drake's 
Bay,  a  bafon  in  the  middle  of  the  Virgin 
iflcs,  in  the  Weft -Indies,  3  or  4  leagi  ..e^ 
broad,  and  6  or  7  long,  the  (ineft  that 
can  be  imagined  ;  and  in  which  £hipb 
nuy  ."inclior,  landlocked,  aiui  Sheltered 
from  all  wicds. 

Drbspen,  a  towTffhip  in  Lincoln cc. 
diltri^  of  Maint;  fituated  9  miles  from 
Wifcaflet  Point,  15  from  Fort  Wefton, 
at  Hallowell,  and  180  N.  by  E.  of  Bof- 
ton.   Swan  iQand  is  in  this  townihip. 

DrlnnjOn'j  Lick.  ■  See  Jcff^rfmi's  co. 

Dromore,  a  towniliip  in  Lancaller 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

.    Dko.wne»  Landjs.    SteOraHgeco, 
New-York.  r  a  vdri  i^    <i?r*.-f^. 

DxuMMOND,  or  Accdmac  dourt- 
,  houfe,  ill  yirgiai;i»  is  on  the  poft  road 

from 


^■mq^a  ■■pi«i^«iH'*'"f'">uv-^ini 


D  U  R 

^om  Philadelphia  to  Norfolk^  20  miles 
from  Belbaveni  and  194  fix)m  Philadel- 
phia. 

Bryd^n,  a  military  townfliip  in  the 
Hate  of  New-York,  having  Ulyffes  W. 
and  Virgil  on  the  E. ;  and  on  the  S.  the 
town  or  Owego,  in  Tioga  co.  The 
centre  of  the  town  lies  8  miles  E.  of 
the  S.  end  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Dry  Tortuoas.    See  Tortuga. 

DuANESBURon,  a  townfhip  in  Al- 
bany CO.  New-York,  containing  1470 
inhabitants ;  of  whom  260  are  elcfftors, 
and  5  flaves. 

Dublin,  a  townfhip  in  Cbfiihire  co. 
New-Hampftiire,  on  a  branch  of  Afhu- 
elot  R.  and  N.  of  the  Great  Monadnock, 
containing  901  inhabitants.  It  is  28 
miles  S.  £.  or  Charleftown,  and  63  W.  of 
Portfmouth.    Incorporated  in  the  year 

Dublin,  a  pleafant  town  in  Phila- 
<lelphia  co.  Pennfylvania,  lo  miles  N. 
S.  of  Philadelphia,  and  as  far  S.  W.  of 
Briftol.  Alfo,  a  townfliip  in  Hunting- 
don CO.  in  Pennfylvania, 

Duck,  a  river  in  Tenneflec,  which 
rifes  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  the  Cumber- 
land mountain.  It  runs  a  N.W.  courfc, 
and  empties  into  the  Tenneflee  in  N. 
lat.  36.  W.  It  is  aoo  yards  wide  5  miles 
from  its  mouth,  which  is  j  7  miles  weft- 
crly  of  Nafhville  ;  and  is  boatable  90 
miles. 

Duck-Creek-Cross-Roads,  or  So' 
lijiury,  a  conf^derable  and  thriving  pod 
town  in  the  ftatc  of  Delaware,  fituated 
on  Duck  Creek,  which  in  part  divides 
Kent  and  Newcaftle  couqties.  Jt  con- 
tains about  90  houfes  in  one  ftreet,  and 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  with 
Philadelphia,  and  is  one  of  the  largeft 
wheat  markets  in  the  ftate.  It  lies  xz 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and  36  from 
Wilmington. 

DucKTRiP,  »vilbge  in  the  diftrid 
of  Maine,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept, 
in  Hancock  co. ;  containing  47S  inhab- 
itants ;  It  miles  from  Belfalt  and  ja 
trom  Pcnobfcot. 

Dudley,  a  townfhip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  Maflachuietts,  containing  j  1 14  in- 
habitants. It  is  x8  miles  fouthw»rd  of 
Worcefter,  and  55  miles  S.  W.  of  Bof- 
ton. 

Duke'x  Co.  in  Maffachufctts,  com- 
prehends Martha's  Vinsyard  I.  Chaba- 
quiddick  I.  Noman's  I.  and  the  Eliza- 
beth illands ;  fituated  on  the  S.  E.  coaft 


» tin 

of  the  ftate.  The  number  of  inhaibitT 
ants  is  3265.  They  fend  3  reprefentaSr 
tives,  and,  in  conjun<aion  with  Nan- 
tucket I.  one  fenator  to  the  General 
Court.  Thefe  iflands  are  dcfcribcd  fcp- 
arately.    Chief  town,  Edgarton. 

Dumfries,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
^own  in  Virginia,  and  chief  town  cf 
Prince  William  co.  It  lies  on  the  N. 
fide  of  Quarftico  creek,  4  miles  above 
its  entrance  into  the  Potowmack,  and 
10  miles  from  Colchefter.  Its  public 
edifices  are  an  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  The  exports 
from  this  port  for  one  year  ending  the 
30th  of  Sept.  1794,  amounted  in  value 
tQ  85,635  dollars.  It  lies  a8  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Fredericklburg,  and  185  S.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

DuMMER  Fort,  is  fituated  on  Con- 
necticut R.  in  the  town  of  Chefterf.cid, 
New-Hampfliire. 

DuMMER,  a  townfhip  in  Gralitonco. 
New-Hampfhire,  incorporated  1773.  It 
is  to  the  S.  W.  of  lake  Umbagog,  on  the 
waters  of  Upper  Amonoofuck  and  of 
Audrofcoggin  rivers. 

DoMMERSTON,  a  townfhip  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  N.of  Brattleborough, 
containing  1501  inhabitants. 

Dun  BARTON,  a  townfhip  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  CO.  New-Hampfhire,  incorporat- 
ed in  1765,  and  containing  917  inhabit- 
ants ;  9  miles  S.  of  Concord,  and  36 
W.  of  Portfmouth. 

DuNCANSBOROuGH,  a  townfhip  of 
Vermont,  on  the  W.  fide  of  lake  Mem- 
phremagog. 

DuNDBRBERG,  in  Englifh,  Thmier 
hill,  is  fituated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Hud- 
fon  R.  at  the  S.  E.  entrance  of  the  high- 
lands, oppolite  Peek's  Kill  \  and  is  re- 
markable for  its  echoes. 

Duncard'j  Bottom,  a  tracft  of  fine 
lands  on  the  E.  fide  of  Cheat  R.  in  Vir- 
ginia, about  %%  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  49  W.  S.  W.  from  Fort  Cumber- 
land. 

Dunkard'jToww.    Sec  Epbrata. 

Dl'^ilope,  a  fort  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Little  Miama  R.  about  12  miles  above 
Columbia,  in  the  N.  W.  territory. 

Dunstable,  a  townfhip  in  Hillfbo- 
rongh  CO.  New-Hampfhire,  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Merrimack  R.  below  the  town 
of  Merrimack,  and  feparated  by  the 
ftatc  line  from  Peppcrel  and  Dunflable 
in  Middlefex  co.  Maffachiifetts.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1746)  contains  63a  in- 
habitants, 


U    i: 


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D  U  R 


D  UT 


fcabitants,  and  lies  about  40  n'-ilesN.  W. 
of  fiullun. 

Dunstable,  a  townfhip  of  MafTa- 
ehufetts,  in  the  northern  part,  of  Mid- 
illefex  CO.  and  on  the  fouthem  bank  of 
Merrimack  R.  It  contains  380  inhab- 
ijants,  and  hes  57  miles  N.  wcfterly  of 
Dofton. 

Dupage,  a  circular  lake  on  the  S.  E. 
fide  of  Plein  river,  or  rather  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  channel  of  tliat  river,  5 
jniies  from  its  mouth.  Plein  .md  'I'he- 
iikiki  there  fonn  the  Illinois. 

DuPMN  Co.  in  Wilmington  diftrift, 
>foith-Carolina,  is  bounded  E.  by  Onf- 
low, and  S.  VV.  by  Sampfon.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  5662,  of  whom 
J  3 83  are  flaves.  The  chief  town  is  Sa- 
redo,  on  the  N.  E.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear. 

Du  QuESNE,  Fort.    Soe  Pittjburg. 

DuRANGo,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Zacatccas,  and  audience  of  Guada- 
laxara,  in  New-Spain,  10  leagues  from 
Nombre  de  Dios,  and  is  a  biiliop's  fee, 
at  the  confluence  of  fcveral  rivers  which 
render  it  convenient  for  trade. 

Durham,  a  tuwafhip  in  Cumber- 
berland  co.  diftri(it  of  Maine,  on  the  S. 
W.  braik  q{  Androfcuggin  R.  which 
feparates  it  from  Bowdoin  on  the  N.  E. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1781;,  contains 
734  inhabitants,  and  lies  145  miles  N. 
eafterly  of  Bolton.     N.  lat.  43.  55. 

Durham,  a  poll  town  in  StnUford 
CO.  iNlew-Hamplhirc,  on  Oyfter  river, 
near  where  it  joins  the  Pifcataqua  ;  is 
miles  W.  of  Purtfmouth.  1 1  was  incor- 
porated in  1633,  and  contains  1247  in- 
habitants. It  was  formerly  a  part  of 
Dover,  which  adjoins  it  on  the  N.  r^nd 
was  c;illed  Oylter  river.  On  the  top 
of  a  hill  in  this  town  is  a  rock,  comput- 
vd  to  weigh  60  or  70  tons,  fo  cxadly 
poifed  oyi  another  rock  as  to  be  eafily 
moved  by  ojie'u  finger.  Its  lituation 
appears  to  be  natural. 

Durham,  a  townfliip  in  New-Hav- 
en CO.  Connc»Jticut,  fettled  from  Guild- 
ford in  i6<;8,  and  incorporated  in  1708. 
|t  is  about  22  miles  S.  W.  of  Hartford, 
and  18  miles  N.  E.  of  New-Haven.  It 
was  called  Cagingchague  by  the  Indians ; 
v.'hich  name  a  iinall  river  tliat  chictiy 
lifts  here,  flill  bears. 

Durham,  a  townlhip  iu  Bucks  co. 
pennfylvania. 

DuROT,abayontIieN.ridcofthe  S. 
^.eninfula  of  the'iflar.;i  of  St.  Domjngo. 


Dutchess  Co.  in  New-York,  Is  on 
the  £.  fide  ol  Hudfon  K.    It  has  the 
ftate  of  Connedicut  on  the  E.  W^ft. 
Chefter  on  the  S.  and  Columbia  co.  09 
the  N.    It  is  about  48  miles  long  and 
23  broad,  and  contains  15  townlhips, 
oif  which  Poughkecpfie  and   Filh^Kill 
are  the  chief.    It  contains  45»*66  in- 
habitants ;  of  thefe  6013  are  qualififcd 
to  be  eledtcrs,  and   1856  are  flaves. 
Dutchefs  CO.  fends  7  reprefentatives  to 
the  allembly  of  the  ftate.    In  the  year 
1792,  a  remarkable  cavern  wai  difcov- 
ered  in  this  county,  at  a  place  called  bv 
the  Indians  Sepafcot,  at  Rhynbeck.    A 
lad,  by  chance,  palling  near  its  entrance, 
which  lies  between  two  huge  rocks,  on 
the  declivity  of  a  Itcep  hill,  on  prying 
into  the  gloomy  recefsj  few  the  top  of 
a  ladder,  by  which  he  delcendcd  about 
10  fcet,  and  found  himftlf  in  a  fubter- 
raneous  apartment,  more  capacious  than 
he   chofc  to  inveftigate.      He  found, 
however,  that  it  had  been  the  abode  of 
perfons,  who  probably  during  the  war, 
had  taken  Ihclter  here,  as  bits  of  cloth 
and  pieces  of  leather  were  fcattered  a- 
bont  its  floor.    It  fince  appears  to  be 
divided  by  a  narrow  palTaf^e  into  two 
apartments  ;  the  firft  being  about  17 
feet  in  length,  and  fo  low  that  a  child 
of  eight  years  old  could  but  juft  walk 
upright  in  it  ;  the  breadth  is  about  8 
or  10  feet.     The  fecond  between  la 
and  14  feet  in  length,  but  much  higher 
and  broader  than  the  firft.    Like  many 
other  caverns  in  the  United  States,  it 
poireflTes  a  petrifying  quality  ;  and  tho 
wata,  which  is  conftantly  percolating 
through  the  roofs  of  its  apartments,  has* 
funned  a  variety  of  tranfpai-cnt  and 
beautiful  ftalaftites.      They  have  the 
appearance  of  icicles,  and  may  be  brok- 
en oft"  by  the  hand,  if  not  more  thao 
two  inches  in  circumference. 

But  what  is  moft  to  be  admired  is 
the  Ikeleton  of  a  lart»e  fnake,  turned  in- 
to folid  ftonc  by  the  petrifying  quality 
of  the  water  before  mentioned.  It  was 
with  fome  difficulty  torn  up  with  an 
axe  from  the  rock  it  lay  upon,  and  is 
now  in  ixjfleffion  of  the  gentleman  who 
explored  the  cavern.  A  want  of  free 
air  wab  experienced  in  the  inmoft  r«r- 
cefles  of  the  cavern,  by  a  difficult 
refpiration,  though  the  candles  burnt 
very  clear.  The  air  was  alfo  very  warm. 
Dutch  America.  The  only  pof- 
feflion  which  the  Seven  United  Provin- 
ces 


<)'- 


B  u  ir 


BUT 


c<s,  now  called  the  BatavLon  Republic, 
retain  on  the  continent  of  America,  is 
the  province  called  Dutch  Guiana.  A 
part  oF  thcfe  poflclHons  have  been  lately 
taken  by  the  Englilh.  The  illands  in 
the  Weft-Indies  belonging  to  the  repub- 
lic are  St.  Euftatius  and  Curaffou.  The 
ilnall  idand  of  Saba,  near  St.  Euftatiusv 
anf'.  the  iflands  Bonaire  and  Aruba; 
which  arc  appendages  to  Curaffou,  and 
ohiefly  improved  in  raifing  cattle  and 
provifions  for  that  illand. 

Dutch  Guiana,  in  South-Ameriany 
is  bounded  N.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  ; 
E.  by  Cayenne ;  S.  by  unexplored  coun- 
try called  Amazonia ;  W.  by  Oronoko, 
a  Spanilh  fettlemcnt.  It  lies  between 
5.  and  7.  N.  lat.  extending  along  the 
coaft  from  the  mouth  of  Oronoko  R. 
to  the  river  Marowyne.  Tliefe  fettle- 
ments  were  efteemed  by  admiral  Rod- 
ney, who  captured  them  in  1780,  as  an 
acquilltion  of  more  value  to  tJie  Britiih 
empire,  than  all  their  Weft-India  idands. 
It  is  divided  into  3  diftinft  governments, 
viz.  Surrinam,  Berbifch,  Ellequtbo,  and 
Demerara.  The  two  laft  are  two  dif- 
triifls,  forming  one  government.  A 
number  of  fine  rivers  pafs  through  this 
province  ;  the  chief  of  which  are  Effe- 
qucbo,  Surrinam,  Demarara,  Berbifch, 
and  Canya.  Effequcbo  is  ai  miles 
wide  at  its .  mouth,  and  is  more  than 
300  miles  in  length.  Th(f  others  are 
navigabje,  and  are  dcfcribed  under  their 
different  names.  'J'lie  chief  towns  are 
Paramabiro  and  Staebroeck. 

In  the  months  of  September,  Oiflo- 
ber,  and  November,  the  climate  is  un- 
healthy, particularly  to  ftrangers.  The 
common  difeafes  are  putrid  and  other 
fevers,  the  <b*y  bcUy-aclie,  and  the  drop- 
fy.  100  miles  back  from  the  fea,  you 
come  to  quite  a  different  foil,  a  hilly 
country,  a  pure,  dry,  wholefomc  air, 
where  a  fire  fomctimes  would  not  be 
difagreeable.  Along  the  fea  coaft,  the 
water  is  brackifh  and  unwholefome — 
the  air  damp  and  fultry.  The  ther- 
mometer ranges  from  75.  to  90.  through 
the  year.  A  northeaft  breeze  never 
fails  to  blow  from  about  9  o'clock  in 
the  morning  through  the  day,  in  the 
bottcft  feafons.  As  the  days  and  nights, 
throughout  the  year,  are  very  nearly  of 
equal  length,  the  air  can  never  be- 
come extremely  heated,  nor  the  in- 
habitants fo  greatly  incommoded  by 
the  hcat|  as  thofe  who  live  at  a  greater 


diftance  from  the  equator.  The  feafon* 
were  formerly  divided  regularly  into 
r?!ny  and  dry;  but  of  late  years  f« 
muchdependeuce  cannot  be  placed.upon 
them,  owing'  probablv  to  the  country's 
being  more  cleared,  by  which  means  a 
free  pailage  is  opened  for  the  air  and, 
vapours.  The  water  of  the  lower  part» 
of  the  rivers  is  brackifh,  and  unfit  for 
ufe ;  and  the  inhabitants  are  obliged  to 
make  ul'c  of  rain  water,  which  is  here 
uncommonly  fweet  and  good'. 

About  76  miles  from  the  ica,  on  the 
river  Surrinam,  is  a  village  of  about  40 
or  50  houfcs,  inhabited  by  Jews.    Thi» 
village  and  the  towns  above  mentioned^ 
with  the  intcr\'cning  plantations,  con- 
tain all  the  inhabitants  in  this  colony, 
which  amount  to  3,200-  whites,  and 
43,000  flaves.    The  buildings  on  the 
plantations  are  man/  of  tliera,  coftly,^ 
convenient  and  airyJ      The  country 
around  is  thinly  inhabi£ed  with  the  na-. 
tive  Indians,  a  harmlefs  friendly  fet  o( 
beings.    They  are,  in  general,  fhort  of 
ftature,  but  remarkably  well  made,  of 
a  light  coppei"  colour,  ftraight  black 
hair,  without  beards,  high  cheek  bones, 
and  broad  fhoulders.     In  their  ears, 
nofes  and  hair,  the  women  wear  orna- 
ments of  lilver,  &c.    Both  men  and 
women  go  uaked.    One  nation  or  tribe 
of  them  tie  the  lower  part  of  the  leg  of 
the  female  children,  when  young,  with 
a  cord  bound  veiy  tight  for  the  breadth 
of  6  inches  about  tlie  ancle,  which  cord 
is  never  afterwards  taken  off  but  to  put 
on  a  new  one ;  by  which   means  the 
flelb,  which  fliould  othcrwife  grow  on 
that  part  of  the  leg,  increafes  the  calf 
to  a  great  fize,  and  leaver  the  bone  be- 
low nearly  bai'e.    This,  though  it  muft: 
render  them  very  weak,  is  reckoned  a 
great    beauty    by    them.      The    lan- 
guage of  the  Indians  appears  to  be 
very  foft.       They    are    mortal    ene- 
mies to  every  kind    of  labour  ;    biit 
nevcrthelefs,   manufadhire    a  few  ar- 
ticles, fuch  as  very  fine  cotton  ham- 
mocks, earthen  water  pots,  balkets,  a 
red  or  yellow  dye  called  Roucau,  and 
fome  other  trifles,  all  of  which  they- 
bring  to  town  and  exchange  for  fuch 
articles  as  they  ftand  in  need  of.    They 
paint  themfelves  rea,  and  fome  are  cu- 
rioufly  figured  with  black.    Their  food 
confifts  chiefly  of  fifli  and  crabs  and 
caffava,  of  which  they  plant  great  qtian- 
tlties,  Ind  this  is  almoft  the  only  pro- 
duce 


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*i«tfth<y  attend  to.  They  cannot  be 
fiiid  to  b«  abfolutely  wandering  tribes, 
but  their  huta  being  merely  a  few  crofs 
iticks,  covered  with  branches,  fo  as  to 
defend  them  from  the  rain  and  fun, 
they  iirequently  quit  their  habitations, 
a  they  fee  occaiion,  and  cftabltlh  them 
tifewhere.  They  do  not  fliun  the 
whites,  and  have  been  fefviceable  againft 
the  runaway  negroes. 

On  each  fide  of  the  rivers  and  creeks 
are  fituated  the  plantations,  containing 
from  500  to  3000  acres  each,  in  num- 
ber about  sso  in  the  whol?  colony,  pro- 
ducing at  prefent  annually  about  16,000 
khds.  of  fuga^,   ii,ooo,ooolb.  coffee, 
^oo,ooolb.  cocoa,  8jo,coolb.  cotton  : 
All  which  articles    (cotton  excepted) 
have  fallen  off  within  15  years,  at  lealt 
one  third,  owing  to  bad  management, 
both  here  and  in  Holland,  and  to  6ther 
caufes.     Of  the  proprietors   of  th6fe 
plantations,  not  above  80  refide  here. 
In  the  woods  are  found  many  kinds  of 
good  and  durable  timber,  and  fome 
woods  for  ornamental  purpofes,  par- 
ticularly a  kind  of  mahogany  called  co- 
pic.    The  foil  is  perhaps  as  rich  and  .is 
luxuriant  as  any  in  the  world ;  it  is  pe- 
ttendly  a  rich,  rat,  clayey  earthy  lying 
m  fome  places  above  the  level  of  the 
rivers  at  high  water  (which  rifes  about 
t  feet)  ^d  in  mofl:  places  below  it. 
Whenever  from  a  continued  coiufe  of 
cultivation  for  many  years,  a  piece  of 
land  becomes  impoverifhed  (for  manure 
is  not  known  here)  it  is  laid  tinder  w^- 
ter  for  a  certain  number  of  yearsy  arid 
thereby  regains  its  fertility,  and  in  the 
mean  time  a  new  piece  of'  wood  land  is 
deared.    This  country  has  never  ex- 
perienced thofe  dreadful  fcourges  of  the 
Weft-Indies,  hurricanes :  and  droughts 
from  the  lowneis  of  the  land,  it  has  not 
to  fear ;  nor  has  the  produce  ever  been 
deftroyedby  infedls  or  by  the  Waft.   In 
ihort,  this  colony,  by  proper  manage- 
ment, might  become  equal  to  Jamaica 
iar  any  other.    Land  is  not  wanting ; 
k  is  finely  hiterfedled  by  noble  rivers, 
and  abundant  creeks ;  the  foil  is  of  the 
beft  kind»  it  is  vf^ell  fituated,  and  the 
climate  is  not  very  unhealthy,  and  is 
growing  better,  and  will  continue  fo  to 
«o  the  more  the  country  is  cleared  of 
its  woods,  and  cultivated. 

The  rivers  abound  with  fiflf,  fome  of 
which  ire  good;  at  certain  feafoas  of 
♦ie  year  there  ii  plenty  of  tttttle.    The 


woods  abound  with  plenty  of  decifi 
hares,  and  rabbits,  a  kind  of  LttfTaloe, 
and  two  fptcies  of  wild  hogs,  one  of 
which  (the  peccary)  is  remarkable  for 
having  fomething  like  its  navel  on  the 
back. 

The  woods  are  infefted  with  fcveral 
fpccies  of  tygers,  but  with  no  other 
ravenous  or  dangerous  animals.  The 
rivers  are  rendered  dangerous  by  alli- 
gators ftotn  four  to  fcven  feet  long,  and 
a  man  was  a  fhort  tiine  fmce  crufhed 
between  the  jawsof  a  iifh,  but  its  natnc 
is  not  known.  Scorpions  and  tarantu- 
las arc  found  here  of  a  large  fize  antt 
great  venom,  atfd  other  infcifts  without 
number,  fome  of  them  very  dangerous 
and  troublcfome.  The  torporific  eel 
alfo,  the  touch  of  which,  by  means  of 
the  bare  hand  or  any  condU(5lor,  has 
the  effe(ft  of  a  ftrong  eledlrical  fnock. 
Serpents  alfo,  fome  of  which  are  venem- 
ous,  and  others,  as  has  been  rlTerted  by 
nufny  credible  perfons,  are  fnm  45  td 
50  feet  long.  In  the  WOOds  a."e  mon- 
keys, the  floth,  and  parrots  in  all  theic 
varieties ;  alfo  foiiie  birds  of  beautiful 
plumage,  among  others  the  Bamingo* 
but  few  or  no  finding  birds. 
.  The  river  Sifrnnam  is  guarded  by  s 
fbrt  and  two  redoubts  at  the  entrance, 
and  a  fort  at  ftramaribo,,  but  none  or 
them  of  any  ftrength,  fo  thstt  one  or 
two  frigates  would  be  fufficient  to  make 
themfelvcs  mafters  of  the  whole  colony  j 
and  never  was  there  a  people  who  mOre' 
ardently  wifhed  for  a  change  of  govern- 
ment than  the  inhabitants  of  this 
colony.  The  interior  government  coii- 
fifts  of  a  governor  and  a  fuprtme 
and  inferior  council ;  the  members  of 
the  latter  are  chofen  h^  the  governor 
from  a  double  nomination  of  the  prin- 
cipal inliabitants,  smd  thofe  of  the  for- 
mer in  the  fame  .Tiartrter;  Bf  thefr 
powers,  and  by  a  feagifttate  prefiding 
over  all  criminal  affa:rs,Jullice  is  execut- 
ed and  laws  are  enaaed  necelHry  for 
the  interior  government  of  the  colony ; 
thofe  of  a  more  geiieral  and  publie  tiir 
ture  are  enafted  by  the  dire(5Cors,  and  ' 
require  no  approbation  here  by  the 
comt. 

The  eolony  is  guarded  ferther  by 
about  1600  regidar  troops,  paidf  by  the 
direikors.  Thefe  troops,  together  with 
a  qorps  of  about  aso  free  tt^oeSf  paid 
by  the  comrt  here,  and  another  uiall 
coipief  chllfeUM,  atljj  C<^Mf^  ^lY^  M 
■ .  ir.  the 


edfi 

loCf 

eof 

;  for 

the 


t>uiE 

ji««ottrttUidn  fit  to  order  fronthe 
planten  from  time  to  tinie»  are  iiSpexC' 
cd  at  pofts  placed  at  proper  dtftanccs 
on  a  CordoDy  furroiinding  the  colony 
on  the  land  fide,  in  order*  aafe  as  poffi- 
ble,  to  defend  the  diftant  plantationi 
and  the  colony  in  genosl  Arom  the  at- 
tacks of  feveral  dangerous  bands  of 
runaway  flakes*  which  from  verv  fmall 
oeginnings  have»  from  the  natural  proli- 
^cacy  of  the  negix)  race,  and  the  contin* 
ual  addition  of  neih  fugitives^  arriTcdat 
fuch  an  height  as  to  have  coft  the  coun- 
try very  great  fums  of  money  and  much 
lofs  of  men,  without  being  able  to  do 
thefe  negroes  any  eflFeftual  injury^ 

This  colony  was  firft  pofTefled  by  the 
French  as  early  as  the  ye^r  1630  or  40, 
and  was  abandoned  by  them  on  account 
of  its  unhealthy  climate.  In  the  year 
1650  it  was  taken  up  by  fome  Engliih- 
me%  and  in  i66»  a  charter  was  granted 
by  Charles  II.  About  this  time  it  was 
oonfiderably  augmented  by  the  fcttle- 
nient  of  a  number  of  Jcws^  who  had  been 
<lriven  out  of  Cayenne  and  the  Brazils, 
whofe  defcendants  (with  other  Jews) 
compofe  at  prefent  one  half  of  the  white 
inhabitants  of  the  colony,  and  are  allow- 
ed great  privileges;  In  1667  it  was 
taken  by  the  Dutch*  and  the  Englifli 
having  got  poflellion  about  the  fame 
time  of  the  then  Dutch  colony  of  New- 
York,  each  party  retained  its  conqfleft, 
the  Bnglifli  planters  moft  of  them  retir- 
ed to  Jamaica,  leaving  their  fl:ives  be- 
hind them,  whofe  language  is  ftill 
£ngli{h»  but  fo  corrupted  as  not  to  be 
underftood  at  firft  by  an  Engliihman.^~- 
At  prefent  this  colony  is  in  the  pofleP' 
fion  of  the  Britilhi 

Dutchman 'j  Psinti  a  point  of  land 
on  the  Vermont  fide  of  lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  16  miles  S;  of  the  Canada 
line.  The  Britifli  held  a  fto^kaded  hut 
here,  gatrilbned  by  fix  foldiersf  fince 
the  peace  of  1783.  It  has  fince  been 
delivered  up  to  the  United  States. 

D VTBORouGH^  a  maritime  towrtfhip 
in  Plymotith  co.  Mal&chii^s*  incor- 
porated in  163  7^  ao  veOels,  the  great- 
er part  fhim  6e  to  90  tons,  are  owned 
here.  It  is  a  heakhy  town*  and  con- 
tains J46t  inhabitants  ;  not  a  greater 
number  thtm  it  contained  so  years  ago. 
It  lies  S.hif  £.  of  Plymouth,  3  miles 
acrofs  Plymouth  bay  by  water,  and  S 
ftniind  by  knd»  and  ^8  S*  £•  by  8.  of 
Softoa.  WU^  the  harbor  a?e  Clarke's 


I.  coAfifUng  of  about  zoo  icm  of  ex- 
cellent land,  and  Sauouidi  I.  vrbii^  yit$ 
formerly  joined  to  toe  Ouroet*  by  * 
narrow  piece  of  land  ;  but  the  water 
has  infulated  it.  The  Oumet  is  aa 
eminence  at  the  Southern  extrenuty  off 
the  beach,  cui  wbkb  is  a  light>|K>tt^ 
built  by  the  ftate.  The  Indian  name 
of  the  town  was  Mattakeelet,  or  Naattu 
keefet.  It  was  fettled  by  capt.StaDdtfli 
and  his  alTociatas.  The  captain  came  to 
Plymouth  with  the  firft  lettlers  in 
t6ao. 

D.vxBURY,  a  townihi]^  in  i£lUbo^ 
rough  CO.  New-Hampfiure,  iocoipo* 
rated  in  1763  ;  firft  called  Dantzick# 
joined  with  Sutton  in  the  enumeration 
of  17  75.    It  has  only  169  inh^itonts* 

DuxBURY,  a  townihip  in  Chitten- 
den CO.  Vermont j  about  ao  miles  S.  £. 
of  Burlington^  and  contains  39  inbabit- 
antsj 


^r 


'  nil! 


EARl,  a  townfhip  in  Lancafler  co» 
Pennfylvania. 

£astanallek^  the  north-eaft  head 
br^ch  of  Alabama  R.  in  Georgia,  on 
which  ftai)db  the  town  of  Eaftanallee. 

East  Bethlehem,  a  townihip  ia 
Wafhingtori  co.  Peniifylvania. 

East  Chester,  a  townihip  in  Weft 
Chefter  co.  New-York,  on  Long4nand 
founds  about  9  miles  S.  W.  of  Rye» 
5  northetly  of  Weft  Chefter^  andi  7  W. 
£.  of  New-Yoric  It  contains  740  in^ 
habitants  i  of  whom  io6  ate  electors* 
and  75  flaves. 

£ast£r^  an  ifle  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
S.  lat.  17.  8.  W:  long.  109.  41.  It  it 
barren^  and  has  no  firefh  water. 

Eastern  J/larulf  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Chefapeak  bay,  at  the  month  of  Chdl« 
riven 

£astsrk-Prbcinct,  in  SOmerfetco. 
New-Jerfey,  contains  ao68  inhabitants, 
of  whom  468  are  flares. 

Basterm-Riter,  a  iettlement  ia 
Hancock  co.  diftti^  of  Maine,  contain- 
ing 3|40  inhabitants. 

Eastertoj),  a  village  in  Daui^ 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  fide  of  Sut* 
quei»anna  R.  4  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Har* 
nfbttrgyand  12T  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Phit' 
adelphia.  •<.'««]; 

East  Florida.    See  FioridHt  ' 

East  GREEi*WiCH,  a  poft  town, 
zai  tim  ^iaf  tOVRtfliip  in  Kent  co. 

Rhede- 


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RfiofleJnand  |  i6  milfs  S.  of  ProvJ- 
dcnqi^  and  aa  N.  N.  W.  of  Nexvport, 
«nd" contains  1844  inhabitants.  The 
compaft  part,  called  Greenwich  Pown, 
bfts  a  number  of  dwelling-houfes,  a 
ineeting4>o«ife,  and  hundfome  court- 
Ikoufe  ;'and,  although  its  commerce  is 
greatly  reduced,  carries  on  the  fifhcries 
to  advantage,  and  fends  feme  veflels 
to  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  N.  W.  part  of  Narraganfet  bay. 
Both  this  town  and  Warwick  are  noted 
for  making  good  cider ;  and  formerly 
for  railing  tobacco  for  exportation. 

East  Haddam,  a  townfhipin  M<d- 
dlefcx  CO.  Connefticut,  fituated  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Conncdticut  R.  oppofitc  to 
Haddam,  of  which  it  was  formerly  a 
part.  It  was  fettled  in  1704,  and  lies 
14  miles  fouthwardly  of  Middleton, 
and  ai  N.  W.  of  New-London. 

Eastham,  atownfhipin  Barnftable 
CO.  Maflachufctts,  about  10  miles  long, 
fituated  on  the  peninfula  of  Cape  Cod, 
between  Chatham  and  Wellfleet,  and 
95  or  100  miles  S.  E.  of  Bofton.  It 
contains  1834  inhabitants. 

EASTHAMPTONjatownfhip-inHamp- 
fhire  co.  Maffachufetts,  6  miles  Sv  of 
Northampton,  and  10.?  W.  by  S.  of 
Bofton.  It  contains  45  7  inhabitants,  and 
is  divided  from  the  W.  bank  of  Con- 
ncfticut  R.  ;<y  the  celebrated  mountain 
called  Mount  Tom. 

East  Hampton,  a  handfome  town 
in  iSuffolk  CO.  New- York,  on  the  S.  E. 
coaft  of  Long-Illand,  1%  miles  E.  N.  E. 
of  South  Hampton,  and  105  E.  of  New- 
York  city.  It  has  a  Prefbyterian  church, 
an- academy,  and  about  80  dwelling- 
fioufes'  in  one  ftreet.  The  townfliip 
contains  1497  inhabitants,  of  whom  414 
are  cleftors.  Gardner's  Ifland  is  an- 
nexed to  this  town. 

East  Hartford,  in  Hartford  co. 
Connefticut,  lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  Con- 
ncdticut R.  oppofitiK  to  Hartford.  The 
compadl  ]jart  of  it  lies  in  one  broad 
•ftreet  a  imle  and  a  half  in  length .  Here 
•are  a  number  of  mills  on  the  different 
ftreams  which  water  the  town  j  alfo 
froii  and  glafs  tvorks. 
•  East  Haven,  a  townfhip  in  New- 
Haven  GO.  Connedticut,  on  the  E.  fide 
of  New-Haven  harbor.  There  is  a  fort 
a  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  bay  op- 
pofitc Smith's  point  to  defend  the  paf- 
«ige.  The  Scotch  Captaig  and  other 
final!  iflots  and  rocks  He  on  the  S*  flior*. 


East  Haven,  a  townfhip  in  Iffex 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Maidftone,  11 
miles  S.  E.  of  Ihe  fouthem  end  of  Wi!- 
loughby's  lake,  and  18  N.  by  W.  o€ 
the  upper  b<«r-  of  the  15  mile  falls  on 
Connecticut  river. 

East  KiNGf>TON,  in  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hampftiirc,  a  part  of  Kings- 
ton ;  which  fee.  In  1 790  it  contained 
358  inhabitants  ;  and  now  906. 

East  Main)  is  that  part  of  New- 
Britain,  or  Labrador,  in  North-Ameri- 
ca, which  lies  on  the  E.  fide  of  James's 
bay  i  as  part  of  New  South  Wales  on 
the  W.  fide  of  tlie  fame  bay  is  called 
West  Main. 

The  Hudfon'sbay  faftory  called  Eaft 
Main,  is  fituated  on  the  Si^  part  of  Eaft 
Main,  between  Rupert  and  Slade  rivers^ 
botli  of  which  mn  weft  ward  into  James's 
bay. 

Easton,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfylva" 
nia,  and' capital  of  Northampton  co.;. 
pleafantly  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Lehigh  ;  and  on  the  W.  fide  of  Dela- 
ware R.  '  s  regulariy  laid  out,  and 
contains  at  c  150  dwelling- houfes,  a 
church,court-houfe,rcgifter'soff5ce,and 
an  academy.  It  is  ii  miles  N.  E.  of 
Bethlehem,  and  70  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Easton,  the  chief  town  of  Talbot 
CO.  Maryland,  formerly  called  Talbot 
Court-Houfe,  is  on  the  E.  fide  of  Chcfa- 
peak  bay,  near  the  forks  of  Treadhaven 
R.  12  miles  from  its  junction  with  Chop- 
tank  R.  It  has  a  handfome  court-houfe, 
and  market-houfe  ;  about  i5odwelling- 
houfes,  and  fcveral  ftores  for  the  fupply 
of  the  adjacent  country.  It  is  5  mile; 
S.  wcfteriy  of  Williamfburg,  37  S.  of 
Chefter  Town,  and  118  S.  W.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Easton,  a  townftiip  in  Wafliington 
CO.  New- York.  In  1790  it  contained 
»539  inhabitants,  of  whom  48  were 
(laves.  By  the  ft:ate  cenfus  of  1796,  it 
appears  that  347  of  its  prefent  inhabit- 
ant'? are  eledlors. 

F \STo«, or Ma^bwtt,  atownfhip im- 
portant for  its  iron  manufaftures,  fituatv 
ed  in  Briftol  co.  MaflTachufetts,  near  the 
head  of  Raynham  R. ;  6  miles  N.  W. 
of  Raynham,  and  i»  W.  of  Bridge- 
water.  It  contains  1466  rahabitants. 
The  beft  mill-faws  in  the  ftate  are  made 
here.  The  art  of  making  fteel  was  in- 
troduced here  by  Capt.  Eliphalet  Leo- 
nard, in  1 7  86.  It  is  made  in  quantities  ; 
and  19  cheaper  than  imported  fteel>  and 
J.    v^  equal 


cqud  in  quality  for  large  work,  fuch  ai 
plough  fliarest  horfc  fhoes,  &c.  which 
vequire  large  quantities  of  hard  fteel. 
But  for  edge  tools,  in  gcnerali  it  is  found 
to  be  of  ii^erior  quality  to  what  is  im- 
ported. The  manufadure  of  Hnfeed 
oil  began  here  in  17931  and  from  an  an- 
nual ftock  of  3000  buihels  of  feed,  there 
has  been  annually  produced  near  5000 
gallons  of  oil. 

Easton's  Beach  and  liay»  in  the  ftate 
of  Rhode-Ifland,  is  leparated  irom  Sa> 
chueaft  beach  and  bay  byEallon's  point. 
Both  lie  at  the  fouthern  end  of  Rhode- 
Ifland. 

East  R.  in  the  ftate  of  New- York, 
and  the  waters  of  Nortli  or  Hudfon  R. 
form  York  I.  The  communication  be- 
tween North  R.  and  Long-Iiland  found 
is  by  Baft  R.  along  the  eaftem  fide  of 
New- York  Ifland. 

E  A  s  T  or  No  R  T  H  H  A  V  E  N  ,or  ^J«■«^;^^ljg•* 
R.  in  Connei^icut,  rifes  in  Southington, 
pot  far  from  a  bend  in  Farmington  R. 
and  pafling  through  Wallingford  and 
North-Haven,  empties  into  New-Haven 
harbor.  It  has  been  contemplated  to 
connedt  the  fource  of  this  river  with 
Farmington  R. 

East-Town,  in  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

East-Whiteland,  a  townflup  in 
Chefter  co.  Pennfylvaiiia. 

East  Windsor,  a  townfliip  in  Hart- 
ford CO.  Connedlicut ;  feparated  from 
Windfor  by  Connecticut  K.  and  about 
7  miles  N.  E.  of  Hartford.  The  corn- 
pad  part  of  the  town  lies  on  one  broad 
llreet  of  about  a  miles  in  length.  In 
the  townihip  are  3  Congregational 
churches.  The  lands  are  fertile  ;  and 
betides  thofe  articles  common  to  the 
ftate,  produce  large  quantities  of  good 
tobacco. 

Eaton,  a  fmall  town  in  the  north- 
em  part  of  Strafford  co.  New-Hamp- 
Ihire  ;  3  n^iles  N.  of  the  Great  Oftipee 
lake,  and  about  56  N.  by  W.  of  Portf- 
Qioutb.'  It  was  incorporated  in  1766, 
and  contains  25  3  inhabitants. 

Eatontowk,  improperly  called  £d- 
entown,  a  pleafaot  village  in  New-Jer- 
fey,  about  a  mile  S.  of  the  town  of 
Sorewibury,  in  the  iame  townftiip.  Jt 
u  a  place  of  fome  bufinefs  and  thriving, 

^BENEZER,  a  poft  town,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Effingham  co.  Georgia,  feated  on 
^e  S.  W.  bank  of  Savannah  R.  $  nules 
jcrom  Abercorn,  35  N.  N.  W.  of  Savan  - 


aah,  ft  S.  £.  of  Louifville,  and  8<o  S.W.^. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  but  a  few 
koufes  ;  and  was  fettled  in  1735,  by  a 
number  of  Proteftants  driven  out  of 
Saltfliurg,  in  the  Elci^or^te  of  Davaria» 
by  perfecution. 

Eden,  a  townfhip  in  Hancock  co. 
diftriA  of  Maine,  incorporated  in  1796, 
taken  from  the  northerly  part  of  Mount 
Defert. 

Eden,  a  townfhip  in  Orleansco.  Ver- 
mont, N.  W.  of  CrafWbury,  ai^oining* 

Edenton,  a  diftridt  on  the  fca-coaft 
of  North-Carolina,  bounderl  N.  by  the 
ftate  of  Virginia ;  E.  by  the  ocean  ;  W. 
by  HaKifax  diftria,  and  S.  by  Newbcm. 
It  is  fubdivided  into  9  counties, 
viz.  Chowan,  Pafquotank,  Perquimins, 
Gates*  Hertford,  Bertie,  and  Tyrrel. 
It  contains  53,770  inhabitants,  of  whom 
19,198  are  flaves.  IwS  chief  town  is 
Edenton.  The  wood  is  chiefly  pine, 
oak,  cyprefs,  and  juniper;  of  all  which 
there  is  abundance. 

Edenton,  the  capital  of  the  above 
diftiid,  isapoft  town  and  port  of  entry, 
at  the  head  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Albenaarle  found,  and  at  the  N.  E.  fide 
of  th8  opening  of  Chowan  R.  It  con- 
tains above  150  indifferent  wooden 
buildings,  and  a  few  haudfome  ones. 
The  public  buildings  arc  an  .  icient 
brick  Epifcopal  church,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol.  In  or  near  the  town  lived 
the  proprietary,  and  the  firft  of  the 
royal  governors.  Its  fituation  is  ad- 
vantageous for  trade,  but  unhealthy  ; 
which  doubtlefs  has  tended  to  retard 
its  profoerity.  Its  exports  in  the  year 
ending  September  30, 1794,  amounted 
to  the  value  of  50,646  dollars.  It  is  97 
miles  N.  of  Ncwbern,  257  N.  N.  E, 
of  Wilmington,  139  S.  E.  of  Petcrf- 
burgh,  and  440  S.  S.  W.  of  Philadel. 
phia.    N.  lat.  36.  6.  W.  long.  77.  11. 

Edeston,  a  plantation  in  Hancock 
CO.  diftridt  of  Maine,  containing  no 
inhabitants. 

Edgarton,  a  port  of  entry  and  poll 
town  of  MafTachufetts,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Duke's  co.  fituated  on  the  E, 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Martha's  Vineyard. 
The  fertile  iiland  of  Chabaquidick  is 
within  the  jurifdiaion  of  Edgarton  ; 
which  has ,  a  fmall  trade  to  the  Wefl- 
Indies.  The  exports  in  1794  for  one 
year  ending  Sept.  30th,  amounted  to 
2,357  doll^  value.  It  lies  about  14 
miles  S.  of  ^amltable  co.  on  the  main, 

and 


1 


''S, 


I . 


£  i;  L 

mil  94  mile*  8. 8.  E.  of Bdkon.   R 

K6oiporatcd  in  1 671}  aad  contain  I J5 s 

§lihabitante. 

..  Edocomb,  a  Umnftiip  in  Lincoln  co. 

dUbift  of  Maine,  containing  855  >>^ 

Babitanta.  It  was  incorporated  in  ^  7  74* 

«nd  Uet  x8o  milea  N.  by  B.  of  Bofton. 

Bdccomb.  a  county  of  Halifax  dif- 
triftf  N.Carolina^  bounded  S.  by  Pitt  co. 
S.  W.  by  Wayne  co.  and  Tar  R.  wtiich 
idTords  It  commi*r.Icauon  with  feveral 
counties  in  the  ^tate ;  W.  by  Naih  co. 
and  £.  by  Martin  and  l^ali£KX  counties. 
It  contains  jQ,%5f  inhabitants^  of  whom 
ir)009  are  (laves. 

EDO s 91  ELD  Co. in  S.  Carolina,  19  the 
fouthernmoli  in  iht  diftnft  of  Ninety 
$ix  ;  bounded  N.  by  Saluda  R.  which 
divides  it  from  Newbury  co. ;  8.  W. 
by  Savannah  R.  which  feparates  it  from 
the  ftatc  of  Georgia  j  E,  1j»y  Orange- 
burg diftiidt,  arid  W.  by  Abbeville  co. 
The  ridge  of  elevated  land,  which  di- 
vides, the  waters  of  Saluda  from  thofe 
of  Savailnab  R.  pafies  nearly  through 
the  middle  of  the  county.  Edgefleld 
po.  is  about  34  miles  long  and  34  broad, 
ind  contains  sjtftSo  inhabitants,  of 
V'bpm  36x{|  are  flaves. 

EoGEFieLO  CouRT-HousE,  in  the 
above  county,  where  is  a  poft-oflice,  is 
^o  miles  from  Abbeville  court-houfe  ; 
ii'frpm  Aiigufta  and  60  from  Columbi<4. 

Edoemqnt,  atqwndupinDc^'iwan: 
60.  Pennfylvania. 

ED|STO,,or  Ponpon,  a  navigable  river 
ih  S.Cartilka,  wiiich  rUes  in  two  branch- 
ii  fnta.  a  acmarkable  ridge  in  the  inte- 
rior  part  of  the  ftatc.  Thefe  brandies 
finite  below  Orangeburgh,  which  ftands 
6a  the  N.  fork,  and  form  Edifto  river, 
which,  having  palTedJackfonburg,  leav- 
ing it  on  the  S.  branches  and  embraces 
Edifto,  and  feveral  finaller  ifles. 

Edward,  a  fort  in  Nova-Scotii,  in 
tEe  town  of  MTindfor,  in  Bants  eo.  laid 
fo  be  large  enough  to  contain  4qq  men. 
Xt  is  iituated  on  ^von  E.  which  is  navi- 
taUe  thus  hr  for  vefleiB  of  400  tons ; 
fKoie  of  60  toni  can  go  1  miles  higher. 

EDWAab,  aft»iiflcati(Hi  ih  Wa{hin^> 
ton  CO.  New'Xbrk,  now  in  mint.  It  is 
fitualed  on  the  B.  bahk  of  Hiidfon  R. 
ibout  X4  iiiires  S.  by  f.  of  JPort  George, 
ph  the  Ibuthem  extreihity  of  L^ 
'George,  and  19  S.  by  W.  of  Skendbo- 
rongh,  oh  South  bay,  an  arm  of  lake 
CBvhpIain.  N.  lat.  43.  7..  W.  long.  74. 

.  ^Jf  I.  ItivEK  indict  inhabit  the  lands 
at 


dnEdltaheadbrandi  ofWabaflkR. 
They  were  lately  hoftilc;  but  Gedc4 
foRie  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  t«» 
the  U.  States,  at  the  treaty  of  Green- 
viBe,  in  f  795  ;  when  government  pud 
thcM  a  fum  of  money,  and  engaged  to 
pay  them  in  goods,  t9  the  value  of  500 
dollars  annually  forever. 

Effinohah,  formerly  Leavitftown, 
a  townlhip  in  Strafford  co.  New-Hamp« 
ihire,  S.  E.  of  Oflipee  pond,  on  Oflipee 
river,  incorporated  in  1766^  and  hat 
X54  inhabitants. 

Effingham  Co.  in  the  lower  diftriA 
of  Georgia^  is  bounded  by  Savannah  R. 
on  the  N.  eaftward,  which  feparates  it 
from  S.  Carolina ;  by  Ogeechee  R.  on 
the  S.  weftward,  which  divides  it  f^om 
Liberty  co.  It  contains  3424  inhabit- 
ants,'including  750  flaves.  Chief  towns, 
Ebenezer  and  Elberton. 

Eog-Harbor,  atown  in  Gloucefter 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  Great  Egg  Harbor ; 
famous  ftM*  the  exportation  of  pine  and 
cedar. 

Egg  Harbor  R.  Great  and  Lit- 
tle. Great  Egg  Harbor  river  rifes 
between  Gloucefter  and  Cumberland 
counties,  in  New-Jerfey.  After  run^ 
ning  £.  S.  £.  a  few  mUcs  it  becomes  the 
diyUional  line  between  Cape  May  anc^ 
Gloucefter  counties,  and  fells  into  the 
bay  of  its  owii  name.  The  inlet  firon^ 
the  Atlantic  ocean  lies  in  39.  as.  The 
river  abounds  with  fheepmcad,  rock- 
fifh,  perch,  oyfters,  clams,  5cc.  which 
fifid  a  ready  market  at  Philadelphia. 
This  river  is  navigable  20  miles  for  vef* 
fels  of  aoo  tons. 

Little  Mgg  Harbor  Inlett  lies  about 
17  miles  N.  E.  of  Great  Egg  Harbor 
Inlet.  It  receives  Mulicus  R.  which 
rifes  in  Gloucefter  arid  Burlington  ooun- 
tiesi  and  forms  part  of  the  divifional  linq 
a  few  miles  fix>m  the  bay.  It  is  naviga- 
ble »o  ihiles  for  vcffels  of  60  tons.  The 
tOMmlhip  of  Little  Sgg  Harbor^  in  Bur- 
lington CO.  coniifts  'of  about  23,000 
acres ;  the  moft  of  which,  being  thin 
and  barren,  is  not  under  improvefnent. 
The  compad  part  of  the  townftiip  is 
called  Clam  Twvrit  vtrhere  there  is  i 
meeting-houfe  for  Friends,  and  ^bout  {( 
dozen  hOUfes.  It  has  a  ftnall  trade  to 
the  ^yeft-Indie8.  During  tiie  hte  wa^ 
c^tains  Fe^gufon  and  ColHns  burn^ 
a  number  of  privateers  and  other  veP 
HA*  ih  Little  Egg  Harbor,  and  ddMyt 
ed  the  place.  '^  ":  vA^-^f 


KcA  IJfMtult  m  fionall  iflard  oa  the  N. 

Sflde  at  Dtlawaro  baift  in  Cumber^ 
id  CO. 

BOMONT,  9n  iRand  in  th«  South  Pa- 
flific  ocean»difc(tvcred  by  capt.  Cartaret. 
The  Spaniard*  caQed  it  Santa  Chiz. 
9.  lat.  19.  ao.  £.  king,  from  Greenwich 

164.  30- 

Egremont,  atowiUhu)  in  BerUhirc 
CO.  MalTachufetts,  contatning  759  in- 
habitant*, Dicorporated  in  1760—15 
mUea  S.  W.  of  Stockbridge,  aiid  145  W, 
of  Bofton. 

EiaHTEnn-iAtLttOt  Long  Beacbtcn 
the  coaft  of  Ncw^Jerfey^  Ucs  between 
Littl«  Egg  Harbor  inlot,  and  that  of 
iBamegat. 

Blbert,  a  new  county,  in  the  upper 
diftridt  of  Georgia,  on  the  trad  of  Innd 
between  Tugulo  and  Broad  rivers.  'l*he 
S.  E.  comer  of  the  county  i>  at  twir 
tonflucnce,  at  the  town  of  Peterf- 
\»irg.  On  the  N.  W.  it  is  bounded  by 
Franldin  county. 

£LBERT0N,the  leat  of  juftice  in  the 
above  co.  is  sj  miles  N.  W.  of  Peterf- 
burg,  and  30  S.  £.  of  Franklin  court- 
noufe. 

Elberton,  a  poft  town  in  Bffing- 
jkam  CO.  Oeoigia,  on  the  N.  £.  bank  of 
OgeecheeR.containing  about  30  houfes. 
It  is  about  19  miles  W.  of  Bbenezer, 
48  N.  W.  of  Savannah,  and  55  S.  £.  of 
Louifville.  N.  lat.  39,  >  S*  45  •  W.  long. 
80.  30. 

ELUTHERA,or  jUaAo/ftrf  onc  of  the 
Bahama  or  Lucaya  iflands,  where  above 
io  families  formerly  fettled  tmder  Dep. 
Gov.  Holmes,  and  erected  a  finall  tort. 

Elias,  Mount  St.  a  mountain  near 
the  fliore  of  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North- 
America,  N.  W.  of  Admiralty  bay,  and 
3.  £.  of  Prince  William's  found. 

Elizabeth,  Cape.  See  Cafe  MUt- 
abeth  and  Cafco  Bay. 

Elizabeth  City  Co.  in  Virginia, 
lies  between  York  and  James  nvers, 
having  Warwick  and  York  counties  on 
the  W.  and  Chefapeak  bay  on  the  £. 
andN.  There  are  feveral  fmall  iflands 
pn  its  fea-coaft,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Long  and  Egg  iflands.  Point  Comfort 
is  the  S.  eaftem  extremity  of  the  co. 
It  contains  3450  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1876  are  flaves. 

Elizabeth  Jflanis^  feveral  finall 
iflands  on  the  S.  £.  fide  of  Buzzard's 
i>ay,  exteiiding  S.  wefterly  from  the  ex- 
trcmity  of  Barnftablc  co.  in  Mafl^bu* 


ttt 

fctts,  and  bearing  N.  W.  from  MiftliA 
Vineyard  ;  fituated  between  41.a4.an4 
41.  32.  N.  lat.  and  between  70.  3JB.  anft 
70.  ?6.  W.  long.  They  arc  about  x$  iy 
number ;  the  chief  of  which  arc  NaJbr 
awn,  PaiiGqui,  N.ifhawenna,  Pinequdb 
and  Cattahunk  iflands.  All  th^  be* 
\o/ii%  to  Duke's  county, 

Elizabeth,  a  fliort  fbuthern  arm  ef 
James  R,  in  Virginia.  It  affords  an  ex- 
cellent harbor,  and  large  enough  for 
30c  ihrns.  T'le  channel  is  from  150 
to  300  fathonu  ^vide  ;  and  at  conmioa 
flood  tide  it  has  78  feet  water  to  TT^r- 
folk,  which  Hands  near  the  mouth  of 
its  eaftem  branch.  The  S.  branch  rife* 
in  the  Difmal  Swamp.  Craney  ifland» 
at  the  mouth  of  Elizabeth,  lies  j  miles 
S.  W.  of  Point  Comfort,  at  the  moutl| 
of  James  nver. 

Eh?iabith's  IsLAifD,  Queen,  i« 
the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  in  S.  America. 
Here  frefli  water,  herbs  fit  fix  fiUlad, 
and  wild  fowl  may  be  had  in  great 
plenty.  Jhe  ihores  alfo  abound  witk 
Ihcll-fifti. 

Elizabeth,  a  townihip  in  Lancafter 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  contauung  about  30 
houfes,  and  a  Dutch  church  t  18  miles 
N.  W.  by  W.  of  Lancafter,  and  84  W. 
by  N.  of  PhUadelphia. 

Elizabbthtown,  a  poft  town  an4 
borough,  in  Effex  county,  New.Jerfcy  \ 
pleafantly  fituated  on  a  fmall  creek 
which  empties  into  Arthur  Kull.  Its 
foil  is  equal  to  any  in  the  ftate.  In  the 
compad  part  of  the  town,  there  art 
about  150  houfes,  two  brick  churches, 
one  for  Prefoyterians,  very  handfomc, 
the  other  for  Epifcopalians,  and  aa 
academy.  This  is  one  of  the  oldeft 
towns  in  the  ftate,  having  been  pur- 
chafed  of  the  Indians  as  early  as  1664* 
and  fettled  foon  after.  It  hes  6  miles 
foutheriy  of  Newark,  and  i<  S,  W.  b j 
W.  of  New-York.  v^c;:  -i'- 

Elizabethtown,  a  village  of  ASr, 
leghany  co.  Pennfylvania,  fituated  oa 
the  S.  £.  fide  of  Monongahela  R.  ber 
tween  Redftone  Old  Fort  and  Pittibutg^ 
about  18  miles  firom  each,  and  6  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Youghagany.  Many 
boats  are  built  here  idt  the  trade  ana 
emigration  to  Kentucky,  and  in  tiie 
environs  are  feveral  law  milli.  N.lat. 
40. 13.  W.  long.  79.  aa.       "    t' ,..':•-• 

Elizabethtown,  a  poft  town  of 
Maryland,  and  capital  of  Wafbington 
CO.  formerly  called  Hagarftown,  feated 


\    . 


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m 


m 


,;i  'il 


'■P: 


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.;.?!  I 


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I 


mm-^l 


ELK 

is  the  fertile  valley  of  ConegochcRgue. 
tbas  feveral  ftreets  regularljr  laid  out. 
rbe  houfes  are  principally  built  of  brick 
fnd  ftonei  in  number  about  300.  £pif- 
copaliansy  Pre(byteriaus>  and  German 
lAitherans  have  each  a  church.  The 
aoun4ioufe  and  market-houle  are  hand- 
fome  buildings,  and  the  ^aol  is  of  ilone, 
and  Tubftantiai.  The  trade  with  tiie 
w^ftem  country  is  conilderable  ;  and 
there  are  a  niunber  of  mills  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, on  .iintietam  creek.  See  Ho' 
garjJiiivn. 

.  Flizabe  /HTOWNjthe  chief  town  of 
Tyrrel  co.  in  Edenton  diftrid,  North- 
Caiolina,  h.isagaolj.fourt-houfe,  and 
a  few  dweJiing-houles.  It  is  4.0  miles 
from  Fayeiteville,  and  S5  froni  Wil- 
mington. 

Elizabethtown,  a  poft  town  and 
the  chief  in  Bladen  ro.  N.  Carolina,  is 
fituated  on  the  N.  W.  branch  01  Cape 
fear.  It  contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol, 
and  about  30  houfes  ;  36  miles  fuuth- 
ward  of  Fayetteville,  and  47  N.  W.  of 
Wilmington. 

£lk,  a  creek  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania, which  uniting  witliPenn's 
cr«ek,falls  into  the  Sufquehanna,  s  niiles 
below  Sunbury. 

£lk,  a  navigable  river  of  the  eaftern 
^ore  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  in  Chef- 
^er  CO.  Pennfylvania,  by  two  branches ; 
Big  and  Little  Elk  creeks.  At  then: 
confluenct  ftands  E'kton.  The  canals 
ill  contc  nplation  from  Elk  R.  to  Dela- 
ware bay,  are  noticed  under  Delaware 
bay. 

Elk,  a  fhort  navigable  river,  in  the 
^atc  of  TennelTee.  It  rifes  on  the  N. 
W.  f\de  of  Cumberland  mountain,  runs 
i).  weftcrly,  and  falls  into  the  Te-incfllee 
1^  V'  'le  above  tlie  Mufcle  (hoals  ;  about 
40  miles  W.  N.  W.  of  the  Creeks' 
V^rofling  Place. 

Elkhorn,  a  fmall  water  of  Kentuc- 
ky  river.  The  Elkhorn  lands  are  much 
e'ucemed,  being  tituated  in  a  bend  of 
Kentucky  rivcry  in  Fayette  co.  in  which 
jhis  Imall  river,  or  creek,  rifes. 

Elk  LaJiei  one  of  the  chain  of  fnMH 
lakes  which  connedts  the  lake  of  tm: 
Woods  with  lake  Superior.  N.  lat. 
48.  41.  W.  long.  93. 

Elrridgf.,  a  fmaii  towii  in  Ann 
Arandc'  co.  Maryland,  htuated  on  tbt 
tf,  bank  of  Pat^pfco  R.  and  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Deep  R-.n.  This  place  is  fa- 
;nou^  fur  the  bright  tobacco  called 


E  N  F 

iite's  foot.  It  is  8  miles  S.  W.  of  Bft1« 
timore,  snd  19  N.  W.  of  Annapolis. 
N.  lat.  39. 12.  30. 

Ei.XTOH,  a  poft  town  of  confiderablc 
trade,  at  the  head  of  Cheiapcak  bay» 
in  Maryland,  and  the  capital  of  Cecil  co. 
It  is  iituated  at  the  confluence  of  the 
head  branches  of  Elk  R.  13  miles  from 
its  mouth  at  Turkey  Point,  and  a  mile 
above  French  town.  The  tide  flows  up 
to  the  town,  and  it  enjoys  great  advan- 
tages fiom  the  carrying  trade,  between 
Baltimore  and  Philadelphia.  Upwards 
of  450,000  bulhels  of  wheat  are  colled- 
ed  here  annually,  for  fupplying  thofe 
markets,  or  the  neighboring  mills. 
Elkton  confifts  of  one  ftreet,  in  which 
are  about  ^t.-  houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and 
gaol.  On  t«je  W.  fide  of  the  town  is 
ail  academy.  It  is  iz  miles  S.  W.  of 
Chriftiaiia  bridge,  10  N.  E.  of  Charlef- 
Lown,  47  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  56 
N.  E.  of  Baltimore. 

Ellington,  a  townihip  of  about 
aoo  families,  in  Tcrfland  co.  Conne<£li- 
cut.  It  lies  about  la  miles  N.  E.  of 
Hartford  city,  and  6  W.  of  Tolland. 

Ellis  R.  in  the  diftrid  of  Maine,  is 
a  branch  of  Saco  river. 

Elmore,  the  fouthernmoft  townfhip 
in  Orleans  co.  in  Vermont  ;  and  con- 
tained, by  the  cenfus,  only  12  uihabit- 
ants. 

Emery'j  21.  a  fmall  river  in  Tcnnef- 
fee,  which  runs  S.E.  into  the  Tenneflee, 
7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Clinch 
river. 

Emmaus,  a  Moravian  fettlement,  S 
miles  from  Bethlehem,  in  Pennf/lvania, 

Emmitsburgh,  or  Emmtjburgb,  a 
flouriihing  village  in  Frederick  co.  Ma- 
ryland, Iituated  between  Flat  Run  and 
Tom's  creek,  weftern  head  waters  of 
the  Monococy,  and  about  a  mile  S.  of 
the  Pennfylvania  line.  It  is  34  miles 
N.  E.  by  E.  of  Frederick,  and  50  N. 
W.  of  Baltimore.    N.  iat.  39.  10.  30. 

Enchanteo  Mountain,  See  Tennef- 
fee. 

Endless  Muuntainty  a  name  fomc- 
timet  apphcd  to  the  AUeghany  moun- 
taisk. 

Ende  avour  Straits,  are  between  the 
K.  point  of  New-Holland,  and  the  S. 
coait  of  Nrw-Guinea.  S.  l»t.  10.  E, 
loag.  from  Paris  140. 

ENFiELi>,atownlhip  in  Haftfcrd  co. 
Conne«£ticut,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Con- 
JKcdicut  R.  oppoftt?  to  Suflield,  aii4 

bounced 


B  P  H 

Booftded  on  the  N.  by  the  Maflacha- 
letts  foe  :  It  was  granted  by  the  court 
of  Maflachufetts,  to  Springfield,  in  1648, 
and  was  iettled  in  1681.  In  176^  it 
contained  ai4  Englifh  families.  In  the 
town  are  two  Congregational  churches* 
and  a  meeting-houfe  for  Shakers.  The  ' 
corapaft  part  of  the  town,  contiguous 
to  the  river,  is  very  pleafant.  It  is  16 
or  18  miles  N.  of  Hartford. 

Enfield,  a  townihip  in  Grafton  co. 
?<ew-Hamplhire,  about  11  miles  S.  E. 
of  Dartmouth  College.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  Z761,  and  has  724  inhabit- 
ants, chiefly  farmers. 

Enganno,  Trompeur,  or  Falfe 
Cape,  is  the  eaftemmoft  land  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  si  leagues  north- 
erly of  Pointe  de  I'Epee,  and  a*  S.  E. 
of  Cape  Raphael,  or  Round  Mountain. 
N.  lat.  19.  3.  W.  long,  from  Paris  71. 

English  Harbor,  one  of  the  beft 
harbors  in  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  on 
the  S.  (hore,  a  mile  S.  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  Falmouth  harbor.  It  is  well  fortifi- 
ed, and  has  a  royal  navy  yard  and  arfe- 
nai,  with  conveniences  for  careening 
fhips  of  ivar.  N.  lat.  17.  8.  25.  W. 
long.  61.  47.  30. 

English  NEiGHBORHOOD.a village 
in  Bergen  co.  New-Jerfey,  on  a  N.  E. 
branch  of  Hackinfack  R.  W.  of,  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Fort  Lee. 

Englishtown,  in  New-Jerfey,  a 
fmall  village  in  the  N.  weftern  part  of 
Monmouth  co.  on  the  road  fVnm  Prince- 
town  to  Sfhrewibury,  2 1  mi.es  1.  om  the 
former,  6  W.  of  Monmouth  court- 
houfe,  and  18  E.  of  Princeton. 

English  Tuas.  See  Detour  Jes 
Anglo'tJ. 

Eno,  a  rivpr  in  N.  C folin?.  which 
unites  w««.h  Littl*-  and  flat  »'ivers  in 
Orange  co.  and  foriKS  the  NevMy  Jbout 
17  miles  below  Hillfborou^ti . 

Enoref,  a  N.  W.  branch, of  Broad 
R.  in  S.  Carolina.  It  feparates  Pinck- 
ney  and  Ninety-Six  diftn(::t>s,  and  joins 
Broad  R.  about  5  miles  below  Tyger  R. 

£nosbi;rg,  a  townihip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vermont,  about  18  or  ao  miles  E.  of 
Swantown. 

ErHRATA,  or  Dunktird  Town,  a  vil- 
lage in  Lancafter  co.  Pcnnfylvania,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Calico  crceli, 
which,  joining  the  Coneftoga,  falls  into 
thc^Sufquehanna.  It  lies  i%  miles  N. 
cf  the  town  of  Lancafter,  and   up- 


wards  of  60  W.  of  PhiladctphlK  ft  fir 
fituated  in  a  romantic  and  fequefterecl 
vale,  and  poflefled  by  a  religious  coW" 
munity  called  Tmkers,  who  are  moftlf 
of  German  defcent,  and  believe  in  genew 
ral  redemption.  They  ufe  j;reat  plain- 
neis  of  drefs  and  language,  and  ^ill 
neither  fwear,  nor  fighty  nor  gotolaw^ 
nor  take  inteieft  for  the  money  they 
lendkr  They  hrivc  many  pecoliahties  j 
but  their  innocent  manners  have  ac- 
quired them  the  name  of  the  harmlefii 
TiMikers.  This  fettlement  is  fometime» 
called  Tunfcer's  Town,  and  confifts  o( 
about  40  buildings  }■  of  which  3  are 
places  of  worfhip.  They  fiubfift  bf 
cultivating  the- r  lands,  by  attending* 
printing-offc^  '.  grift-mill,  a  paper- 
mill,  an  oil-mili,  &c.  and  the  fifters  by 
fpinning,  weaving,  iewing,  &c.  Befide* 
this  congregation  at  Ephrata,  therd 
were  in  1770,  14  others  of  this  fedt  int 
various  parts  of  Pcnnfylvania,  and  fom« 
in  Maryland.  The  whole,  exclufive  of 
thofe  in  Maryland,  amounted  to  up-< 
wards  of  acco  fouls. 

Epping,  a  plantation  in  the  diftri(Jb 
of  Maine,  of  about  25  families,  12  miles 
from  Narraguague. 

Epping,  a  townfhip  in  Kockinghamt 
CO.  New-Hampfhire,  taken  from  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Exeter,  and  incorporated  ^n 
1741.  In  1700  it  contained  1233,  now 
1740  inhabita:  .'s.  It  is  6  miles  N.  W. 
of  Exeter,  and  »3  W.  of  Portfmouth. 

Epsom,  ati  wnlhip  in  Rockinghan* 
CO.  New-Ham '.(hire,  lies  E.  of  Pem- 
broke, .idjoininj;  ;  10  miles  E.  of  Con- 
cord, an  1  45  milcK  N.  W.  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1737  j 
in  177.';  it  contain^'d  387,  and  in  1790, 
799  inhabitants. 

Erik,  Fort,  a  ftrong  fortification  in 
U|^>er  Canada,  fituated  ou  the  N.  ihore 
of  lake  Erie,  and  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Niagara  P.  27  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Niaga 
ra  Fort,  4' A  18  above  the  carrying  place 
at  the  Fi4iR  of  Niagara.  ]Nf.  lat.  4a., 
59.  W.  long.  78.  20.  30. 

Erie,  a  lake  of  the  fourth  magnitude 
in  North-America,  and  through  which 
runs  the  line  between  the  United  State* 
and  Upper  Canada  D'Etroit  R.  on 
the  W.  brings  the  *at<  rs  of  the  great 
lakes  with  which  lake  Erie  has  a  com- 
munication on  the  N.  W.  and  Nia- 
gara R.  on  the  E.  forms  its  communi- 
cation with  the  waters  of  lake  Ontario 
and  the  river  St.  Lawrence.    It  is  iituat- 

ej 


!■ 


i 


\ 


:U 


Kd  between  41.  and  43.  K.  Ut.  ind  be- 
tween 78.  4S.  and  83.  W.  long.  Its 
rorm  is  eliptical.  Its  length  is  about 
M5  Aides;  and  its  me^um  breadth 
aSx}ut4c.  It  affords  good  navigation 
for  {hipping of  any  burJen.  The  coaft 
OB  both  ^es  of  the  lake  ii  generally; 
fnar^ir  for  the  paffage  of  batteatm  and 
eanoes.  its  banks  in  many  places  have 
a  flat  fanciv  fbore,  particuhiriT  to  the 
eaftwutl  at'  the  penmfaia  called  Long 
F(unt,  wbicf;  runs  utjarrtis  of  18  miles 
into  the  lake,  an*::  oicsg  compoied  of 
fund  is  very  cunv^sufrcr  to  haul  boats 
«iit  of  the  fitrf  apoo  it;  when  lire  lake 
M  two  rough  fv>r  faiting  amd  towing  ; 
yet  in  finae  {places*  chiefr  on  the  S. 
fide  towards  both  en^  of'itc  Mse,  it 
would  be  dangerous  tc  appaoach  and 
inpoflrble  to  land?  by  iiafon  «^the  per- 
pendicular height  of  the  rocks;  Some 
«f  thefct  (^  at  Cayahoga,  which  are  al- 
»eady  defcribed)  are  magnificent  beyond 
defcription,  and  muft  alfo  infpire  dread 
in  the  boldeft  bread,  when  Viewed  firrm 
the  water.  X^e  Erie  has  a  great  va- 
riety of  fine  filh,  fuch  as  ftutgeon,  ed, 
■wdiite  fifh,  trout,  perch.  Sea  Lakes 
Huran  and  Michigan  afford  coirimuni- 
cation  with  lake  Erie,  by  veffels  of  8 
feet  drai^t  There  are  portages  into 
the  waters  of  lake  Erie  from  the  Wa- 
bafli,  Great  Miami,  Muflcingum,  and 
AlKghany,  from  a  to  16  miles.  The 
portage  between  the  Ohio  and  Potow- 
mac  will  be  about  ao  miles,  when  the 
obftrudions  in  the  Monongahela  ,ind 
Cheat  rivers  are  removed. 

Erie's,  an  Indian  nation,  called  by 
the  French.,  du  Ghat,  or  Cat-ps»tio»- 
They  were  extirpated  by  the  Iroquo 
i  .*out  the  year  t6sS'  Were  it  not  for 
the  lake  which  ftill  bears  the  nam'-  of 
that  nation,  one  would  not  have  kn*/wn 
that  they  ever  exifted. 

Errol,  a  fmall  town  on  lake  Untb; 
gog,  in  the  N.  ealternmoft  fettled  part 
of  Grafton  co.  Ncw-Hampfliire,  incor- 
porated in  1774. 

JSrvine,  a  townihip  in  Ontario  co. 
New- York.  Of  its  inhabitants  93  are 
qualified  to  be  eledors. 

EscAMaiA,  one  ofthe  moft  confidc- 
table  rivers  that  £^1  into  the  bay  oFPcn- 
facola  in  Weft-Florida,  empties  itfelf 
near  the  head  ofthe  N.  branch,  about 
XI  or  15  miles  from  Penfecola,  through 
&faal  marfhes  and  channel;;,  which 
.h^i^  a  number  of  iflands  between  thflM« 


that  axe  overflowed  when  the  wiibir  &; 
high.  A  flioal  near  its  month  prcventa' 
vdOTels,  drawing  moifc  than  5  or  6  £eet» 
from  entering ;  but  there  is  from  a  to 
4  fathoms' of  water  afterwards.  Capt. 
Hutchins  afcended  it  in  a  boat  upwards 
of  8^0  miles,  and  frorti  the  depth  of  wa> 
ter  there,-  it  appeared  to  be  navigable 
for  pettiaugers  many  miks  further.  It 
is  uncertain  where  its  fource  is.  The 
courfe  is  very  winding.  At  theinouth 
of  the  river  on  the  W.  fide  was  the 
town  of  Cambleton,  fettled  by  French 
Proteftants  in  1766,  but  was  afterwards 
abandoned. 

Ti»e  lands  in  general  on  each  fide  of 
tjie  iwer,'  are  rich,  low  or  fWampy,  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  the  cuHure  of  rice 
or  corn.  The  great  number  of  rivulets 
which  fell  into  this  river  fhjm  the  high 
circumjacent  country,  may  be  led  over 
any  part  of  tiie  rice  lands,  at  any  feafon 
of  the  year.  The  numerous  iflands  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  fome  of  veiy 
confiderable  extent,  are  not  inferior  for 
rice  to  any  in  Amoica.  The  fettle- 
nrrents  made  by  Meffrs.  Tait  and  Mitch- 
ell, capt.  JohnfoM,  TiMtr.  McKinnon,  and 
fome  others,  are  very  evident  proofs  of 
this  aflortion  ;  who  witliin  two  years 
of  their  firft  fettkninit,  had  nearly  clear- 
ed all  the  expenfes  they  had  been  at 
in  making  very  confiderable  eftablilh- 
ments ;  and  would  entirely  have  done 
it  HI  another  year,  had  not  the  Span- 
iards taken  poffeffion  at  the  country. 

EscATARi,  a  fmall  ifland  about  ^ 
leagues  N.  of  Louifboar?,  in  the  ifland 
of  Cape  li*cton. 

E  SOP  us.    See  Kirtgjion,  New- York. 

EspiRiTu  Santo,  Isies  del,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  S.  W.  «f  Providence,  in  the 
Weft-Indies;    See  Andro:  IJles, 

£»riRiTu  Sancton  a  uay  ontheW« 
coaft  «rf  Eaft  Florida,  a.  27.  8.  N.  lat. 
It  has  '  good  harbor^  4  fathom  water, 
and  hte.  anchorage  ;  but  the  land  all 
about  iSr  coaft  is  very  \om,  and  cannot 
be  fecn  from  a  fb:p',  deck  when  in  7 
firthom  water.  Several  low,  fandy  ill' 
ainds  and  maHhes,  covered  with  man- 
grove builiee.  lie  before  tlie  RMin  land. 
Here  wt  imaiMir  numbers  «f  Mh  in 
the  fummer  tiMf/tfhich  may  be  c«ight 
with  a  ieine,  enougf  to  load  a  fhip,  (rf 
the  cUohMe  wouki  v\tra*  of  curing 
them)  even  in  a  few  4afft. 

EsoviMAvx.  8#r  Labrad^  and 
NeW'MrHmw. 


CSS 

{  IlitjpiMAUXy  s  large  bay  on  the  La- 
linulor  coaft,  into  which  a  river  of  the 
ftme  name  empties.  It  lies  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  the  gul&of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  mouth  Of  the  ftiaits  of  Belle- 
ffle.  Efquimaux  iflands  lie  acrofs  its 
mouth. 

'  Esat.(ive.TiO  DifiriSknd  River.  EC- 
fcquebo  is  a  diftrift  of  IJutch  Guiana,  in 
8.  America,  and  teceives  its  name  ifrom 
the  large  navigable  river  which  waters 
it.    See  tkmerara  and  Dutch  jtimerica. 

£  s  s  E  X  Co.  in  Maflachufetts;  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  ftate  of  N.Hamplhire  5  Ej 
&  S.by  the  ocean,  and.the  town,  of  Chel- 
fea  in  Suffolk  co. .;  W.  by  lUiddlefex 
CO. }  in  length  about  38  milesi  in  breadth 
«5  ;  and  is  ihaped  triangularly,  ^helfea 
being  the  acute  point.  The  chief  iil- 
andson  its  coaft^  belonging  to  it,  are 
Cape  Anne  and  Plumb  iflands.  It  is 
fubdivided  into  %i  townfhips,'  which 
Contain  7644  houfes  and  57,913  inhab- 
itants •  being  the  moft  pc^ulous,  of  its 
fize,  of  any  in  the  ftate,  having  about 
lis  foJl*  to  a  fquare  mile. ,  The  firft 
fettlement  in  Maffachufctts  P'ropef  was 
made  in  Salem,  the  capital  of  the  coun- 
ty, in  )t6a8,  by  John  Endicott,  fifq.  one 
cf  the  original  patentees,  and  many 
years  governor  of  the  colony.  It  was 
made  a  (hire  in  1643,  being  one  of  the 
three  into  which  the  colony  was  firft 
divided.  Eflex  co.  pays  about  one  fcv- 
enth  part  of  the  ftate  tax,  elefts  fix  fen- 
ators  and  counfellors  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  commonweulth,  and  one 
reprefentativc  in  the  lejiflature  of  the 
United  States. 

The  fare  of  the  (bounty  is  plcafingly 
variegated  with  hills,  vales,  woods,  and 
plains.  The  land  is  generally  fruitful ; 
but  is  more  favourable  to  barky  than 
moft  other  pans  of  the  ftate.  Quarries 
of  marble  and  lim'rftone  are  tbund  in 
this  county  ;  and  the  fea  coal^  is  in- 
dented A^ilh  a  number  of  good  harbors. 
Merrimack  river  interfedls  the  N.  t«rt 
of  Effex  county  ;  between  it  and  tn* 
New-tlampftiire  line  are  the  towns  of 
Methuen,  Haverhill^  Almfl}ury  and  Sal- 
llbury. 

Essex  Co.  in  VirgiiM.  is  bounded 
£.  and  N.  £.  by  RappahAnnocIc  river, 
which  dit'tdes  it  <roin  Richmond.  It  is 
about  ss  miks  ionf:  and  n  bioad,  and 
Contains  91x1  inhabitants,  of  whom 
5440  are  flaves. 

EssPK  Co.  in  New-Jerfer,  ta  iu  the 


E  U  8 

eaftern  part  of  the  ftate,  and  divided 
from  Staten-Illand  by  Newark  bay.  It 
is  about  25  miles  in  length  and  16  in 
breadth,  and  has  three  townlhips,  viz. 
Newark,  Eh'zabethtown  and  Acquack* 
anack,  whjch  contain  17,785  inhabit* 
ants,  of  whom  1/71  are  flaves.  The 
foil  is  very  fertile,  and  its  fruits  and  oth- 
er produ^ions  meet  with  a  quick  fale 
in  New-York  city.  Eflex  county  ha* 
vrithin  it  7  Prelbyterian  churdies,  3  for 
Epifcppalians,  i  for  AnabaptiftSf  and  • 
for  Dutch  Calvinifts. 

Essex  Co.  in  Vermont,  is  the  ncnlh- 
eaftemmoft  in  the  ftate. 
,  Essex,  a  townfhip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  contains  354  inhabitants.  It 
lies  betvreen  Jericho  on  the  S.  E.  and 
Colchefter  on  the  N.  W. 
,  EsTAfAf  6r  £/fapet  a  town  belong- 
ing  to  the  province  of  Tabafco,  and  au- 
dience of  Mexico,  in  New-Spain,  N. 
America.  It  is  mentioned  by  Dampier* 
as  fitUated  on  Tabafco  R.  4  leagues  be- 
yond Villa  de  Mofe.  It  is  faid  to  be  a 
place  of  confiderable  trade  ;  and  fo 
ftrong,  that  it  repulfed  capt.  Hewct, 
Tfrhen  he  attacked  it  with  aoo  defperate 
buccaneers. 

EsTAPO,  a  ftrong  town  in  New- 
Spain,  inhabited  by  Spaniards  and  na- 
tive Americans ;  fituated  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Tlaluc.  N.  lat.  17.  30. 
W.  long.  ^63. 5. 

.  Esther  Town,  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Sufquehanna  R.  a  little  N.  of  Har- 
rifburg. 

Etec  HI  MINES,  Indian  nations  on  the 
borders  of  Nova-Scotia.  See  Malecites 
and  Scovdick. 

Eufhasee,  the  ancient  name  ofHi- 
waflee  R.iri  Tennefllee ;  alfo  the  name 
of  an  Indian  tbWn  on  its  S.  W.  bank, 
a8  miles  from  its  mouth.  See  Hkvajfee, 

EiTSTACE,  or  F.u/acia,  called  alfo 
Metanzas,  or  Slaughter,  (from  a  butch- 
ery made  on  it  by  the  Spaniards).  It  iv 
an  inconfiderable  ifland,  about  30  milea 
in  circuit.  It  forms,  with  .>  long  point- 
of  land,  tlie  entrance  to  t-he  h^orof 
St    Auguftine,  in'Eaft-Florida. 

EusTATiA  Toru;n,.'m  the  ifljkhd  6f 
Euftatia  or  Euftatius,  in  the  Caribbean 
ica  in  the  Weft-Indies.  N.  lat.  17.  aj. 
W.  long.  6j.  f. 

EusTATius  Sir  <vr  Kiijfatia,  is  the 
chief  ifland  belonging  to  the  Dutch  ia 
the  Weft-Indies,  fiUAlti  in  the  Carib- 

l^an 


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'beanfeaiifl  17. 19.  N.  lat.  and-in6j. 
*o.  W.  long,  and  3  leagues  N.  W.  of 
St.  Chriftc^ers.    It  is  only  a  moun- 
tain, about  a9  miles  in  compafs,  riftng 
put  of  the  fea,  like  a  pyramid,  and  al- 
moft  round ;  but  though  fo  fmall  and 
inconveniently  laid  out  by  nature,  the 
induftry  of  the  Dutcn  has  turned  it  to 
to  gooid  account,  that    it  is  faid  to 
«'ontain  5000  whites,  and  15,000  ne- 
groes..   The  fides  of  the  mountains  are 
laid  out  K>  very  pretty  fettlements ;  but 
they  have  neither  fprings  nor  rivers. 
The  produce  is  chiefly  fugar  and  to- 
bacco. This  ifland^as  well  asCuraffou, 
i»  engaged  itt  the  Spaniih  contraband 
trade,  for  which»  however,  it  is  not  fo 
well  (ituated;  and  it  ha»  dra^ra  the 
iame  advantage  from  its  conftant  neu- 
trality.   But  in  the  lait  war  between 
Great-Britain  and  HoUa;nd,  admiral  Rod- 
ney, having  been  fent  to  reduce  it  with 
a  conliderable  land  and  fea  force,  oblig- 
ed it  to  furrender  at  difbretion,  on  the 
3d  of  February,   1781.     The  private 
property  of  the  inhabitants  was  confif- 
cated,  wdth  a  degree  of  rigor  very  un- 
common among  civilized  nations^  and 
very  inconfiftent  with  the  humanity  and 
generofity  by  which  the  Britifb  nation 
ufed  to  be  chara(5)Jeri2cd*    The  reafort 
afligned  was,  that  the  inhabitants  of  St. 
Euftatius  had  afliftcd  Fiiance  and  the 
United  States  with  naval  andotherftores. 
The  Britilh  merchants,  as  well  as  thofe 
of  France  and  America,  fufFered  im- 
menfe  lofs  by  efFedts  df  pofited  in  this 
ifland.     On  the  a  7th  of  November,  the 
fame  year,  it  was  retaken  by  the  French, 
under  the  command  of  the  marquis  de 
Bouille,    who   had    an   inconfiderable 
force.    The  Dutch  firft  took  poflTeffion 
of  this  illand  in  the  year  i635^ 

EvANSHAM-,  the  capitd  of  Wythe 
CO.  in  Virginia^is  P.tuated  on  the  £.  fide 
of  Reedy  creek,  which  falls  into  the 
Great  Kanhaway,  Wood's  or  New  river. 
It  contains  a  court-houfe,  gaoU  and 
about  *5  houfes ;  40  miles  W.  by  Si  of 
Chriftianft)urg»  242  in  a  like  diredlicn 
from  Richmond,,  and  5 18  S.  W»  by  W. 
of  Philadelphia.- 

BvESHAM,  atownftiip  in  Burlington 
eo.  Ncw-Jeiiey,  fituated  between  the 
forks  of  Moore's  creek,  which  runs  N. 
ws;fterly  to  Delaware  R.  It  is  7  miles 
«a.1eriy  of  Haddonfield,  16  E.  of  ^lila- 
^'IphiA,  and  15  S.  of  Burlington. 
MoK  is  atv  k^^i^  fcUloncety  called 

9«/ 


£X  B 

Edge  Pittickt  a  y^4!t  of  Uod  reTe^d  hf 
the  ancient  native?.  They  **av«  fomt; 
bundredfl  of  acres  of  imprpv«!d  laods* 
about  30  houfes,  and  a  me^ng«hQi>ler 
They  formeri)  had  a  miniftcr  of  theic 
own  crder„  who  ftatcdly  officwt«d  ui 
the  Indian  language.  t- 

ExETBR^a  poft  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hamplhire,- and,  next  to  Poftit 
moutii,  the  moft  con(id«rabIe  fea-port 
town  in  tlie  ftatc.    It  is  lituated  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  Swamfc-ot,  or  Ex- 
eter R.  a  branch  of  the  Pifcataqua,  15 
miles  S.  W.  of  Portfmoutii,  and  a  like 
diftance  N.  W.  of  Newburyport,  in 
ElTex  CO.  Maffacbufetts.    The  tide  rifes 
here  1 1  feet.    It  is  well  fituated  for  a 
manufatfVuriag  town,  and  has  already  a 
duck  manufadory  in  its  infancy,  6  faw 
mills,  a  fulling  mill,  flitting  mill,  paper 
mill,  fauft'milT,  »  chocolate  and  10  grift 
mills,  iron  works,  and  z  printing  officer 
The  faddlery  bulinefs  is  carried  on  here 
to  greater  extent,  than  in  any  town  on 
this  fide  Philadelphia.    Before  the  rev- 
olution, (hip  building  was  a  profitable 
bulinefs  ;  and  the  veifels  were  employ* 
ed  in  the  Weft-India  trade.    Noiwith- 
ftanding  the  lofs  of  this  market,  there 
are  four  or  five  velTels,  of  different  bur- 
den, built  here  annually  ;  the  river  be- 
ing capable  of  floating  down  thofe  of 
500  tons.     An  equal  number  is  alfo 
employed  in  the  foreign  trade,  chiefly  to 
the  Weft-Indiet.    The  fituation  of  this 
place  bids  fair  £pr  extenGve  popuTation. 
The  public  edifices  are  1  Congregational 
churchcSii^an  elegant  building  appropri- 
ated for  the  academy,  a  handfome  and 
capacious  couFt-houfe,'and  a  gaol.  The 
public  otfices  of  the  ftate  are  ktrpt  here 
at  prefent.    Beftdes  the  celebrated  Ex- 
eter academy,  there  are  here  an  EngHfli 
fchool,and  6  or  8  private  fchools,.  chief- 
ly for  females. 

This  townihip  is  of  irregular  figure^ 
and  about  4  miles  fquars.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1638  ;  prior  to  which, 
it  had  the  name  of  Swamfi  ot  Falls, 
from  the  fall*  ol  the  river,  which  fepa- 
rate  tht  t'relh  from  the  tide  water ; 
where  the  body  of  the  town  is  fituated  | 
chicrAy  on  the  weftem  fide  of  the  river. 
The  number  ^>t  inhabitants  in  17 75,  was 
1741 — a«»d  .n  1790,  i/iJ.  It  lie*  J 4 
miles  N.  of  Bofton,  and  401  N.  E.  ot 
Philadel    >ia.  N.Ut.42.59.W.tong.7i. 

'•  Phu-ps   Exeter  Acadcmi'*   was 

founded  aod  co^owed  by  the  hon.  John 

.  Phillips, 


TA  I^ 


FA  I 


ft$np8»  IL.  D.  of  Exeter,  and  in«or« 
pttrated  by  aft  of  Aifembly  in  17S1. 
It  k  a  veiy  reipedlable  and  uf«ful  in- 
ftitution,  undfcr  the  infpedioa  of  a 
board  of  truftsee,  and  the  immediate 
fovfmment  and  inftru6tion  of  a  precep- 
tor and  an  afliftant.  It  has  a  fund  of 
jC*i5fOOO,  a  part  of  which  is  in  lands 
not  yet  produftive.  The  prcfent  aa- 
aual  income  is  /J^8o.  It  has  com- 
monly betfveen  50  and  60  ftudents.  In 
1794,  a  building  was  eredcd,  76  by  36 
£eet,  two  ftories  high  ;  which,  in  point 
of  convenience,  and  perhaps  elegance, 
is  exceeded  by  few  buildings  of  the 
Jdnd  in  the  United  States, 

Exeter,  the  N.  weftemmoft  town- 
fliip  in  Walhington  co.  Rhode-Ifland 
ftate,  has  North-Kingfton  on  the  £.  and 
Voluntown,  in  Connedicut,  on  the  W. 
The  feveral  branches  of  Wood  R.  unite 
here,  and  take  a  S.  courfe  between 
Hopkinton  and  Richmond.  It  contains 
3495  inhabitants,  of  whom  37  are 
Saves. 

Exeter,  a  townihip  in  L'azem  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Exeter, a  town  in  New-Hanover  co. 
In  Wilmii^ton  diftrift,  N.  Carolina  ; 
^tuated  on  the  N.  £.  branch  of  Cape 
Tear,  about  36  miles  N.  from  Wilming- 
ton, and  ^^  from  the  New  river. 

ExuMA  I/let  one  oi  the  Bahama  ifles, 
fituated  on  the  £.  of  the  Great  Bank, 
between  Stocking  ifles  on  the  S.  W.  and 
Long-ifle  on  the  £.  It  is  now  uninbdi- 
ited,  excepting  two  families,  yet  is  one 
of  the  beil  of  the  Bahamas,  not  only  for 
'is  fertility,  but  for  the  excellence  of  its 
anchoring  ground,  in  the  found  to 
which  it  gives  name  ;  where  all  the 
Britifh  navy  could  ride  in  iafety.  N. 
hit.  34. 30.  W.  long.  ■74.  30. 

ExuMA  Soundf  lies  £.  of  the  Great 
Bahama  Bank,  between  it  and  the  ifle 
6f  Guanahani.    N.  lat.  34.  W.  long.  75. 


I^AB!  A^i  £.5  a  river  in  j^ouifiana, 
f  hidi  wns  S.  eaftward  into  the 
Iff"  jfipjji,  41  N.  lat.  39.  30.  ;  16  miles 
ahove  Jaftioni  R.  and  50  beiow  the  Iowa 
town  and  rapids. 

Fabius,  )ne  of  the  military  town- 
tiips  in  N;.w-York. 

pAiarAX  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  about  a^ 
uiles  long,  anu  18  bmatl  ;  ex  the  W. 
;;a]ik  of  Potowrmack  river     ii  vontains 


i«,3ftO  inhabitants,  of  whom  4574  inf 
(laves.    Chief  town,  Alexandria.         -  V 

Fairfax,  a  townfhip  in  Franklhi  coi^^ 
Vermont,  £.  of  Geoi^a,  and  onn  the 
bank  of  La  Moille  R.  and  contains  tj^ 
inhabitants  ;  and  is  about  9  miles  from 
lake  Champlain. 

Fairfield,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln 
CO.  diftridt  of  Maine,  on  the  S.  £.  bank 
of  Kennebeck  R.  S.  of  Canaan,  and  op' 
pofite  Hancock  %  about  17  miles  fix>m 
Pittftown,  and  7  from  Fort  Halifax.  It 
contains  491  inhabitants,  and  is  t»5 
noiles  N.  £.  of  Bofton. 

Fairfield, a  new  townihip  in  Her- 
kemer  county,  New»York. 

Fairfield,  atowjifhip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vermont,  £.  of  St.  Albans  ;  and 
contains  109  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles 
S.  of  the  Canada  line,  and  as  far  from 
the  neareft  part  of  laike  Champlain. 

Fairfield,  a  townfhip  in  Waihing- 
ton  CO.  New-York.  By  the  <tat^  cen- 
fusof  i796>  29  of  its  inhabitants  are 
eledors. 

Fairfield,  a  townihip  in  Cumber- 
land  CO.  New-Jerfey,on  Ccrfianzy  crcekt 
and  at  the  head  of  Black  creek ;  %s 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salem,  in  Salem  co. 

Fairfield  Co.  in  ConneAicut,  is  the 
S.  weftemmoft  in  the  ftate  ;  bounded 
W.  by  the  ftate  of  New-York,  E.  by 
New-Haven  co.  N.  by  Litchfield,  and  5. 
by  Long-Ifland  found.  Its  fhape  is  very 
irregular.  It  is  divided  into  13  town- 
fhips,  of  which  Fairfield  and  Danbury 
are  the  chief ;  and  contains  36^50  in- 
habitants, including  433  flaves.  It  is 
feparated  from  New-^Haven  co.  and  part 
of  Litchfield  co.  by  Stratford  R.  The 
other  parts  of  the  county  anr  watered 
by  fmall  ftreams,  as  Sagatuck,  Sairo, 
I^ganowk,  Five  Mile,  Rodcns,  Mill, 
and  Majamus  rivers.  Several  harbors, 
and  a  number  of  fmall  dies  lie  along  the 
found,  in  the  towns  of  Greenwich, 
Stamford,  Norwalk,  Fairfield,  and  Strat- 
ford. The  face  of  the  county  is  n.  ugh, 
but  the  foil  is  good. 

FAiRviiELD,  the  UnquQuua  of  the  In- 
dians, a  poft  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Connecticut^  and  capital  of  the  above 
county,  is  pltafantly  fituated  on  Mill- 
Run,  a  little  above  its  entrance  into 
Long-Ifland  found,  1%  miles  S.  W.  by 
W.  of  New-Haven,  and  64  from  New- 
York.  It  contains  about  aoo  houfes,  a 
ncnt  Congrcgaticnal  church,  and  e 
cuurt'hQufe.    About  4  miles  N.  W.  of 

the 


'V  „■ 


>^^'M 


'  FiBj^jfli 


,    I 


'  1 1 


FAX. 

Vat  body  of  the  town,  and  in  the  town- 
Hiip,  IB  the  beautifal  parifh  of  Green- 
lldid,  in  which  is  a  flouriihing  academy. 
A  hijKh  eminence  in  the  centre  of  the 
mriin  commands  a  delightful  pro^A. 
Fairfield  was  fettled  from  Weatherf- 
field  in  i639»  and  in  1736  contained 
400  fiimilies.  It  was  burnt  by  a  party 
of  tones  and  Britifli,  under  the  com- 
mand of  gov.  Tryon,  in  1777  ;  thelofe 
luftaioedy  amounted  to  upwards  of 
JC*4o>ooo.  Fairfield  carries  oh  a  con- 
fiderable  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The 
itxports  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.30th» 
X794,  amounted  to  77,425  dollars. 

Fairfield,  atownihip  in  Weftmore- 
land  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Fairfield  Co.  in  Canjden  di(tri(5t, 
S.  Carolina,  between  Wateree  I^.  which 
divides  it  from  Lancafter  co.  and  Broad 
R.  which  feparates  it  from  Newbury 
and  Union  counties.  It  contains  6138 
white  inhabitants,  and  1485  flaves.  Its 
chief  town  is  Winniborough. 

Fair  HAVEN,  in  Briftol  co.  Rfaflachu- 
fetts,  lies  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Buz- 
/ard'sbAy,  and  on  the  eaftern  fide  of 
Accuilfnet  river,  oppofite  to  Bedford  ; 
xvhm\  fee.  ' 

Tairhaven,  a  confiderable  town- 
fhip  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  N.  W.  of 
Poultney.  It  contains  545  inhabitants, 
and  is  5 1  miles  N.  of  Beiinington. 

Fair  LEE,  a  townihip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  W.  bank  of  ConnedH- 
cut  R.  16  miles  N.  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege. The  townihip  is  hilly,  but  of  a 
good  foil,  and  has  feveral  glades  of  ex- 
cellent land.  It  contains  463  inhabit- 
ants. 

Fair  V/eather,  Cape,  on  the  E. 
coaft  of  Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  lies 
northerly  froiji  Cape  Virgin  Mary.  S. 
iat.  51.45.  W.  loiig.  from  Greenwich 
^8.  io. 

Falkland  I/Iz-j,  lie  at  no  great  dif- 
tance  from  the  (traits  of  Magellan,  at 
the  utmoft  extremity  of  S.  America  ; 
between  50.  and  56.  W.  long,  and  51. 
and  53.  S.  Iat.  Thefe  iflands  were  dif- 
covered  by  Sir  Richard  H.iwr  li'.s,  'in 
ij94  J  the  chiei"  of  t lie  two  ;"  iricis  he 
xi'dtncd  Hawkins'  Maitlenliv.J,  ir.  lioncr 
of  Queen  Elizabelh.  The  -oil  oF  tliele 
illauds  is  had,  and  the  fhrnt .;  an  licaten 
by  pTjietual  Itornri'^.  A  TJntiil  lottlc- 
meiit  was  mcA:-  hf;re,  or  \vh:<'p,  tliuy 
were  difjjuilt ded  hy  t'-.c  Spai-irds,  111 
r?7o,  loon  aiicr  it  had  been  cntablilhcd. 


FAL- 

The  Spaniards  now  fend  crimiradi  ta 
thefe  inhofpitablc  fliores  from  their  iet> 
tlements  in  America. 

Fall  R,  is  an  inconfiderable  ftreams 
rifing  in  Watuper  Pond,  in  Rhode-Ifti 
and,  and  after  a  fhort  N.  W.  coorfe^ 
empties  into  Taunton  riven 

Falls,  a  towpfhip  m  Bilcks  coimty, 
Pennfyivania.      ' 

Fallen  City,  or  Old  Jerufakm^  a 
range  of  rocks  among  the  Virgin  ifles, 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  S.  W.  of  Virgin: 
Gorda,    N.  Iat.  18.10.  W.  long.  62. 53. 

Falling  Spring,  a  branch  of  James 
R.  in  Virginia,  where  it  is  called  Jack- 
fon's  river,  rifing  in  the  mountain,  20 
miles  S.  W.  of  the  Warm  Spring.  The 
water  falls  over  the  rock  aoo  feet» 
which  is  about  50  feet  higher  than  the 
fall  of  Niagara.  Between  the  fheet  of 
water  and  the  irock  below,  a  man  may 
walk  acrofs  dry.  ' 

Fai,mouth,  a  townihip,  formerly 
including  Portland,  in  Cumberland  co« 
Maine,  containing  2991  inhabitants.  It 
is  fituated  on  Cafco  bay,  fio  miles  N. 
N.  E.of  Bofton.    Incorporated  in  1718. 

Falmouth,  a  townihip  in  Hants 
CO.  Nova-Scotia  ;  fituated  on  the  S.  E. 
fide  of  the  Bafin  of  Minas,  oppofitf 
Windfor,  28  miles  N.  W.  of  Halifax. 

Falmouth,  a  maritime  townihip  in 
Barnftable  co.  Maflachuf«tts,  fituated 
on  the  N.  E.part  of  the  Vineyard  found, 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name  ; 
77  miles  S.  E.  by  S.  of  Bolton,  18  from 
Sandwich,  and  9  from  Holme's  Hole. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1686,  and 
contains  1637  inhabitants.  N^  Iat.  41. 
3.1.  V/.  long.  7c.  3  ^•.    It  is  a  poll:  town. 

Falmouth,  a  poll  town  in  Stafford 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Rappahannock  river,  nearly  oppofite  to 
Frederiokfijurg.'  It  is  irregularly  built, 
;a.d  i;ontains  an  lipifcopalian  church 
and  about  150  houfcs.  'It  is  23  miles 
S.  W.  of  Dumfries,  70  N.  by  E.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  207  •''•  wefterly  of  Philadel- 
phia. Confiderable  quantities  of  to- 
bacco are  infpedted  here. 

Falmout  M  a  town  in  Lancafterco. 
Pcn«fylvaiiii«  lituatedon  the  S.  E.  fide  of 
Uonawago  cicek,  ;o  miles  wefterly  ot 
L;uicaftLr.    It  has  been  kttely  laid  out. 

Falmouth,  a  town  and  harbor  or 
the  S.  (licve  of  the  illand  >>!' Antigua,  iu 
the  Wtft-Iiidics,  R  has  Englilh  harbov 
on  the  E.  .ind  KcikIc/.vous  bay  on  th( 
W.  J  and  lituated  in  St.  Paul's  Danilu 

■'at 


tervah 
ftaii  Is 
tiuiial  I 
as  earl 

weir   ^ 
hare  I 


vP«    JIW  •-111 


m'p^ir'wpi^^ 


FAR 

ft  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  harbor> 
which  is  well  fortified. 

Falmouth,  iij  theifland  of  Janiai- 
cay  in  the  Weft»Indie8,  commonly  call- 
ed the  Point,  is  fituated  on  the  S.  fide 
of  Martha  Brile  harbor ;  and  including 
the  adjoining  villages  of  Martha  Brae 
and  .the  Rock,  i»  compofed  of  220 
houfes.  Here  30  capital  Rationed  fhips 
load  for  Great«Bntain,  exclufive  of 
lloops  and  fmaller  craft. 

False  Cape  Horn,  the  foutb-weftem 
point  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Falsington,  a  village  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  in  Bucks  co.  z8  miles  N.  £.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Famine  Pert,  a  fortrefs  feated  on 
the  N.  £.  coaft  of  the  ftraits  of  Magel- 
lan, in  S.  America.  Here  a  Spanifh 
garrifon  perifhed  for  want ;  fince  which 
time  it  has  been  negleded.  §.  lat.  55. 
AA-  W.  long.  70.  ao. 

Fannet,  a  townihip  in  Franklin  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Fao^ier  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  Loudon  and  E.  by  Prince 
William.  It  is  about  55  miles  long 
and  20  broad,  and  contains  17,892  inr- 
habitants,  of  whom  6642  are  flaves. 

Farewell,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of 
Weil  Greenland,  on  the  N.  fide  of  the 
entrance  of  Davis's  ftraits,  North  Ame- 
rica.   N.  lat.  59*  37.  W.  long.  42.  42. 

Farmington,  a  very  flourifhing 
townihip  of  excellent  laiwl,  in  Lincoln 
CO.  diftritft  of  Maine,  on  Sandy  river, 
35  miles  N.  W.  of  Hallowell,  30  fame 
courfe  from  Harrington,  and  204  N.  N. 
E.  of  Bufton.  Number  of  inhabitants, 
about  1200.  A  very  few  years  fmce 
this  townihip  was  a  wildernefa^ 

Farmington,  a  large,  plcafant,  and 
wealthy  town  irt  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, 10  miles  S.  W.  of  Hartford  city, 
.]2  N.  E.  of  New-Haven,  and  22  E.  of 
Litchfield.  Farmington  river,  a  water 
of  Connedticut,  mtanders  delightfully 
through  charming  intervales,  which 
beautify  and  enrich  this  town.  The 
houfes,  in  the  compact  part  of  this 
town,  Hand  chiefly  on  a  Itreet  which 
runs  N.  and  S.  along  tlie  gentle  decliv- 
ity ot  a  hill,  which  afcends  I.,  of  the  in- 
tervaltH  ;  about  tht*  centre  of  thi*  ftreet 
ftan  Is  a  larKi;  and  handfome  Con>;rega- 
tional  churc  h.  This  town  was  fettied 
as  early  ad  1645,  ^"d  its  limits  th<n 
wtrv^.  very  cxtcniive.  Several  towrtb 
hare  been  fince  taken  from  it. 


Fakmingtov,  a  fmall  river  of  Gohf 
ne Aicut,  which  paffes  through  the  taw^ 
of  Farmington,  where  it  receives  CanU 
bridge  or  Poquabock  R.  from  the  S.  "V^^ 
when  it  acquires  the  name  o^  WindfoQ 
R.  and  falls  into  Conne^cut  R.  in  thd 
town  of  Windfor,  about  4  miles  abovd 
Hartford  city.  :. 

Favourable  L^ti^,  inN.lat.52.48^ 
W.  long.  93.  10.  is  the  fource  of  twa 
large  rivers,  at  the  mouth  of  one  08 
which,  emptying  into  Winnipeg  lake, 
ftands  the  Canadian  houfe.  The  othw 
is  the  S.  W.  branch  of  Severn  river.     1 

Fawn,  a  townihip  in  York  co.  Penn^ 
fylvania. 

Fayette,  a  fettlementin  Tioga  co. 
New- York,  between  the  Unadilla  and 
the  main  branch  of  the  Chenengo.  It  i» 
laid  out  into  100  lots  of  a  fquare  mili; 
each,  as  nearly  as  the  ground  will  per* 
mit. 

Fayette  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Weftmoreland,  S.  hf 
part  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  W. 
by  Monongahela  R.  It  is  39  miles  in 
length  and  29  in  breadth,  and  contain^ 
473,280  acres;  divided  into  11  town- 
fhips,  of  which  Union  is  the  chief.  The 
ti umber  of  inhabitants  is  13,325,  of 
whom  282  are  Qaves. 

Fayette,  a  diftridofN.  Carolina, 
comprehending  6  counties,  viz.  Moore, 
Cumberland,  Sampfon,  Richmond,  Ro- 
befon,  and  Anfon.  It  is  bounded  N. 
by  HiiKborough,  S.  E.  by  Wilmington 
and  Newbern,  W.  by  Saliibury,  and  S. 
bjr  the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina.  It  is  120 
mile  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth,  and 
contains  34,020  inhabitants,  of  whom 
5,678  are  flaves. 

Fayettevillc,  fo  called  in  honor 
of  the  Marquis  La  Fayette,  a  flourifhing 
poft  town  of  North-Carolina,  the  feat 
of  juftice  for  the  above  diftrift,  and 
plealantly  fituated  in  Cumberland  co. 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  N.  W.  branch  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  nearly  at  the  head  of  navi- 
g.ation,  and  100  miles  above  Wilming- 
ton, and  61  foutlierly  of  Raleigh.  On 
the  bank  of  the  river,  ftand  a  few  build- 
ings and  the  tobacco  ware  houfes, 
which  have  received  h\  one  feafon  6000 
hhds.  of  tobacco,  equal  in  quality  ti> 
that  of  Peterfbrrg.  The  compa(it  part 
of  the  town  is  fituated  about  n  mile 
from  the  river,  near  the  junction  of 
Blount's  and  Crofs  creek  ;  on  whict 
i  jatt  it  is  chiefly  ereded,  and  from  that 

circumllauce 


Irt   '*  f'i  fj 


'*; 'I 


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y  ■ .  -ii 


^'M  r 


ill  J  i 


I  I 


PE0 

«ircumftance  was  formerly  named  Croft 
Creek.  On  both  fides  the  ci'eek  are 
about  400  houfcs,  t  handfome  edifices 
fofr  the  fupreme,  dlftrid»  and  county 
epuit«,  and  the  meetings  of  the  town 
(officers  and  its  citizens.  The  Free  Ma- 
6)118'  lodge  isalfo  a  large  and  handfome 
building.  The  town  is  regularly  laid 
cut,  and  its  principal  (treets  are  100 
feet  wide.  Here  are  three  millSf  two 
conGderable  diililknes  and  breweries, 
andlfveral  extenlive  tan  yards.  The 
trad£  to  Wilmington  is  veiy  confidera> 
ble,  to  which  it  fends  down  tobacco, 
wheat,flour,  beef,  pork,flax-fecd,hemp, 
cotton,  butter,  lumber,  ftaves,  naval 
ftores,  &.C.  The  boat?  ufed  in  tranf- 
porting  ihife  articles  to  Wilmington, 
contain  about  la^  barrels,  and  make 
timir  returns  of  European  and  India 
goods*  &c.  in  from  10  to  10  days.  The 
utuat'on  of  the  town  is  agreeable  and 
health/,  and  well  adapted  for  eftablifh- 
ing  manufadories.  The  country  im- 
ijiediately  round  the  town  ig  coniide- 
rably  elevated,  and  tl>e  foil  dry  and 
barren;  but  near  the  water  courfes, 
which  are  numerous,  the  (oil  is  as  rich 
as  any  in  the  ft-te.  Since  the  fire  in 
1792,  which  deftroyed  many  houfesy 
the  people  begin  to  build  with  brick, 
y/hich  are  made  here  of  a  good  quality, 
and  fold  reafonabty.  f^c  town  ftands 
in  a  fcttlcment  of  Scotch  Highlanders, 
and  is  55  miles  N.  W.  of  Camden  -n 
S.  Carolina,  100  S.  W.  of  Tarborougl, 
147  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Halifax,  379  S-  by 
W.  of  Wafhmgton  city,  *nd  526  &.  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

t'AiCETTE,  a  CO.  of  KJentu^-Ky,  fur- 
rouudcd  by  Clarke,  Bourbon,  Scott, 
Vranklin,  Woodford,  Maddifon,  and 
Mercer  cp^mti^s,  P^icf  town  Lexihg» 
ton* 

FAysTowN,  atownfliip  inCliitteiv 
don  CO.  Vermont,  unin4»abit^d  in  1790. 

Fear  Point,  Care, at  the  rnouthof 
Cape  Fear  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  4  miles  S. 
S.  £.  of  the  light-hou(it:  w  Bald  Head. ' 

Fe D K  R A :.  City.    See  IVq/bift^ton  ti(f. 

FeoeralsbuiIg,  a  village  m  Mary- 
i;ind,  on  the  £.  fide  of  Che^peal^  bay, 
lituated  on  Marlhy  Hope  creek,  partly 
in  Dorchellcr  and  paitly  in  Caroline  co. 
5  miles  £.N.  £  of  Hunting-Creek  town, 
and  about  30  N.  £.  of  Cambridge. 

Fe  d'Antwchia,  Santa,  tte  moft 
northern  town  of  Popayan,  a  diftri<^  of 
'JTcFca  Firmaj  S.  America*    jtisfituated 


FE  L 

200  miles  N.  of  Popayan  cky,  neir  thf 
confines  of  the  province  of  Carthageaa, 
on  the  banks  of  St.  Martha  river,  and 
near  x8o  miles  S.  of  its  conflux  with 
the  Magdaleua.  Thither  the  inh^t- 
ants  removed  from  Antiochia,  15  leagues 
from  it,  now  an  inconfiderable  place, 
whereas  Santa  Fe  d'Antiochia  is  a  con- 
fidcrable  place,  and  capital  of  the  audi- 
ence  of  Santa  Fe. 

Fe  de  Bagota,  Santa,  the  capi> 
tal  of  New-Grenada,  S.  America,  fitua- 
ted  on  the  banks  of  the  little  river  Fati,. 
a  water  of  the  Magdalena  ;  is  i  So  miles 
£.  of  the  bottom  of  Bonaventura  bay. 
It  is  an  arch-bifhop's  fee,  and  the  feat 
of  an  univerfity  founded  by  king  Philip 
III.  in  1610.  Near  this  city  we  gold 
mines.  The  air  is  temperate  and 
healthful,  and  provifions  plenty.  S.lat. 
4. 10.  W.  long.  74-  5. 

Fe,  or  FoY,;  Santa,  a  place  in  the 
middle  of  Veragua,  a  province  in  th^ 
audience  of  Guatimala,  in  North  Ame- 
rica, wliere  the  king  of  Spain  keeps  of- 
ficers for  calling  and  refining  gold.  It 
(lands  at  the  lource  of  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  North  Sea. 

Ft:,  San  T A,  the  capital  of  New-Mex- 
ico, in  N.  America.  It  is  fituated  near 
thefource  of  Rio  del  Nort,  130  leagues 
from  its  mouth,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
It  is  faid  to  be  a  rich  and  regularly 
built  city,  and  a  btihop's  fee.  Baud- 
rand  makes  it  9  leagues  from  the  river. 
It  is  alfo  called  Santa  Fe  de  Grenada  ; 
by  others  New-Mexico.  N.  lat.  36. 
W  long. 104.  •  .    • 

Fe,  Santa,  a  city  of  Paraguay,  S. 
A?»«rica,  15c  leagues  S.  by  S.  W.  of 
the  city  of  Afiumption.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  chiefly  employed  in  hufbandry, 
grazing,  and  weaving  cloth.  They  felt 
t|)eir  produdtions  and  manufadures  to- 
good  pwofit  in  Brazil.  From  hence  is 
a  road  to  Potofi  in  Peru,  and  to  Corbu- 
da  in  Tucumana  ;  which  being  eafy 
^d  convenignt,  is  very  advantageous  to 
this  pltfiCe.  The  diftance  not  being  a-> 
bove  350  leagues.  It  ftaods  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Paraguay  river.  S.  bt.  30. 45. 
W'  long.  60.  40. 

Felipe,  Y  Sant-Yaqo,  a  large  bay 
on  the  N.  fide  of  the  ifland  £lpiritii 
Santo.  Sec;  Tierra  Auftral  dtl  E/plritu 
SanU        ■      ' 

Felix,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
oce^n,  N.  N.  W.  of  Juan  Femandes, 
and  due  weft  gf  Copiapo,  ii^  S.  AsaaU 

ca. 


y  f  £f 


Tt 


nd 
ith 
iit> 
uet 
ce. 


ta,    S.  lat.  36.  W.  long,  from  Paris  ij. 

Fell'j  Point.  See  Baltimore. 
.  Sf.%t  Point  au,  on  the  W.  coaft 
of  lake  Champlain,  lies  in  Clinton  co. 
nearly  a  miles  S.  of  the  divifion  line  be-< 
tween  New- York  and  Lower  Canada, 
and  %s  niles  S.  of  St.  John'».  The 
Bntifli  occiijsied  a  barrack  berey  fur- 
nilhed  with  one  field  piece}  a  few  meiii 
and  a  fubaltern  officar.  It  has  been 
given  up  according  to  treaty. 

Ferdinand  Na^onka,  anifl.indoh 
the  coaft  of  Brazil,  South  Amcrki,  lies 
in  S.  lai.  3.  56.  W.  long.  3a.  43. 

Fermanagh,  a  townihip  in  SlifBin 
CO.  Pennnfylvania. 

Ferrisburgh,  a  townihip  in  Ad<> 
difon  CO.  Vermont,  on  lake  Cham'plain. 
It  contains  481  inhabitants.  Otter 
creek.  Little  Otter  and  Lewis's  aeeks 
fall  into  the  lake  here.  The  mouth  of 
Otter  creek  lies  in  N.  lat.  44. 11.  45. 
W.  long.  73.  9.  4;. 

FmLERs  Eliow,  a  bend  of  Wood 
creek,  between  the  outlet  of  South  Iwiy 
and  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  at  v.hc 
northern  end  of  lake  Champlain,  op^io- 
fite  the  mouth  of  Baft  bay.  The  mouth 
•f  Wood  creek  lies  in  N.  lat.  43«  3a« 
W.  long.  73. 15. 1  a. 

Fi OCTREE  Bajf  li*8  on  the  S.  W. 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftophers,  in 
ibe  Weft-Indies,  at  the  head  of  which 
ftands  Sandy-Fort  town.  The  bay  iis 
fecured  by  a  fort  on  each  fide. 

FiNCAST.LE,  a  poft  town  in  Virginia, 
and  -capital  of  Botetourt  co.  fituated 
nn  the  E.  fide  of  Catabaw  creek,  u 
fmall  ftream  which  falls  into  Junes  R, 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  North  Mountain, 
Here  are  about  50  houfes,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol.  It  lies  on  the  poft  road  from 
Richmond  to  Kentucky,  36  miles  eaft- 
erly  of  Lexmgton,^  aud  19*  W.  by  N. 
<^  Richmond.' 

FiNfiLEY,  a  towtilhip  irt  Waihing- 
ton  CO.  Fennfylvania. 

FiSHBRSFiELD,'  a  townfliip  in  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  New-Hampfhire^  iocorpo* 
rated  in  1763,  containing  331  inhabit- 
ants. Sutupee  pond  lies  partly  here, 
and  in  the  townihip  of  Wendel.  It 
is  about  16  ihiles  eafterly  of  Charl^- 

town..     ,    t*-;fi 

FitHBftV  J/Kuxti/,  in  Lon^-Ifland 
found,  lies  oppofite  to  Groton  m  Con- 
ne^cut,  is  about  10  miles  in  length 
rod  4  in  breadth,  having  a  light  foil, 
fMwablefbrratfii^iheep*  It  produces 


alfo  wheat  and  other  grain.'  ftltaJJ 
nexed  to  the  townihip  of  Southh<>Id> 
in  Suffolk  CO.  on  Long-Jfland. 

Fi&HiHO  Bajrt  in  Maryland,  lies  di 
the  £.  fide  of  CheCipeak  bay,  partly  ia 
Dorcheftcr  *nd  Somerfet,  counties.  It 
receives  feveral  rivers  from  each  ,coun» 
ty,  the  chief  of  which  are  Wicomicoi 
Nantiooke  ;'  alfo  Tmniquaking  and 
Blackw^ater  creeks.'  The  entrance  int* 
this  large  b^  lies  between  Goldfbo' 
rough  and  Devil's  iflands.      . 

Fishing  ifay,  on  \hc  S.  iide  of  lake 
Ontario,  is  abouV  37  miles  E.of  Fort 
NiagaiQ.        . 

FisHmo-CkeEK,'a  townftiip  on  Suf- 
qu«hanna  river,  in  Penniyivania.  See 
Nortbutmberland  Go^   .     ,     ,    ,    , 

Fish  KILL,  a  poft  town  in  Dutchef* 
CO.  New-York,'5  n»iles  E.  of  Hudfon  R-' 
on  Fifii^oll  OP  creek,,  at  the  foot  of  thtf 
Highlands,-  which  rife  S.  of  it ;  contain- 
ing about  3«  houfes,  a  church  for  £pif-i 
copalians,  and  one  for  Low  Dutch^^ 
The  townihip  is  very  extcnfwe,  and 
contained,  in  i79o>  594*  inhabitants,  of 
whom  601  were  flaves.  It  lies  14  milet 
S.  by  E.  of  Poughkecpfie,  oppofite  New- 
burgh,  and  66  N.  of  New-York  city. 
There  are  a  few  houfes  only  at  the  Land-'' 
ing,  on  the  maipn  of  the  river. 

Fish  iW/,  or  Creeit  on  which  the 
town  above  defcribed  ftands,  and  front 
which  it  derives  its  name,  is  fmall,  and 
empties  into  Hudfon  R.  about  a  mile 
below  the  Landing,  «nd  nearly  oppo- 
fite New-Windfor. 

Alfo,  the  name  of  a  fmall  ftream 
which  runs  S.  W.  into  Oneida  lake. 

Likewife,  a  ftream  which  rifjis  from 
Saratoga  lake,  and  runs  6  miles  eafterly 
to  the  Hudfon.  Its  mouth  is  oppofite 
Batten  kill,  a  miles  above  Saratoga 
town  ;  and  on  the  N^.  fide  of  which. 
Gen.  Bwrgoyne's  army  laid  doxvn  their 
arms  as  priionersi^ 

FrrcHBURGHy  a. poft  town  of  Maf- 
iachuirbtts^Worcefter  co.  13  miles  N.  of 
Worcefter»  34  from  Concord,  and  4» 
N»W.  ofB(^on.  It  has  xiji  inhab- 
itants 

FiTzwiLLiAM,  a  townihip  in  Chef- 
hire  co.New-Hampfliire,  about  16  miles 
£.  of  Connecticut  R.  and  feparated  from 
Royalfton  in  Worcefter  co.  Maflachu^ 
fetts,  bvthe  ftate  line.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1773,  and  contains  1038  in- 
habitants. 

Fine  Fort»  is  fituated  lis  miles  W.' 

S.W. 


,'     ii 


/ 


i       \' 


Hi''" 


m 


r  L  E 

I.  W.  of  Winnipeg  lake,  N*  lat.  49<  42> 
W.  long.  IC2. 

.  Flamrorouoh,  n  fadtoi-y  oi'  the 
Vudfon  bay  company,  on  the  S.  wclt- 
«rn  tide  of  Mudfou  bay. 

FtATBUBif,  the  chief  town  of  Kind's 
CO.  Long-llland,  New-York.  It  ih  a 
^eafant  and  hcnithy  town,  fituated  un 
a  fmall  bay  which  opcna  E.  from  New- 
York  harbor,  and  i»  5  miles  S.  by  E. 
from  New-York  city.  It  contains  » 
number  of  dwclling-houtiss,  moiUy  in 
one  ih'cct ;  many  of  which  are  elegant 
and  commodiouH.  The  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  of  Dutch  extratf\ion.  It  con- 
tains 941  inhabitants^  of  whom  107  arc 
?ualiflcd  dehors,  and  37*  are  Haves, 
'he  produdtious  are  various  kinds  of 
fruit,  vegetables,  (p-ain,  &c.  which  And 
a  ready  market  in  the  metropolis. 
The  land  lies  low  \  and  iir  funmcr  the 
whole  townlhip  appears  like  an  exten- 
five  garden.  The  public  buildings  are 
a  Dutch  church,'  a  court-houfe,  and  an 
academy,  called  ErafiniiS  Hall,  the  moft 
ftourilhing  of  all  the  academies  in  the 
Aate.  It  it  in  n  pleAfsnt  and  healthful 
fituation,  4  miles  from  Brookline  ferry. 
•  A  bloody  b.11tle  was  fought  near  this 
town  on  the  «7th  of  Augttff,  1776, 
■when  the  Americans  wei^e  defeated  by 
ffie  Britiih  with  great  lofs.  The  rc- 
fliains  of  the  American  army  retreated 
to  New- York  under  the  cover  c<f  a 
thick  fog. 

Flati.and5».  a  fman  townfliip  in 
King's  CO.  Long-Ifland,  diftant  fi-om 
NeAV-York  city  6  or  7  miles.  It  con- 
tains 4ij  inhabitants,  of  whom  44  are 
4|uaHfied  to  be  electors,  .ind  1:57  are 
flaves. 

Flat  Kock,  is  an  cspanfi-^e,  clear, 
Hat  rock,  but  a  little  above  the  furfoce 
*f  the  ground,  ami  near  the  banks  of  a 
delightful  rivulrt  of  excellent  water, 
which  is  one  of  the  head  branches  of 
Oreat  Ogcechcc  R.  in  Georgia.  This 
is  a  common  i-endcvtvous  or  camping 
place  for  traders  and  Indians. 

Flatte.xv,  Ca?e,  fo  nameti  by  cap- 
tain Cook,  on  account  of  its  promifing 
at  a  diftancc  v^tli  it  denied  on  a  nearev 
approach.  Lai.  48.  x'5.  long.  435.  30. 
I.  This  cape,  captain  Ingraham  of 
Bofton,  found  to  be  the  S.  fide  of  the 
entrance  of  the  ftraits  of  Juan  «ie  Fuca. 
K.  lat.  48. 4;.  W.  long.  124. 52.  See 
Tuca, 
^I^MtMiNGTONy  a  finall  poil  town  of 


f  L  0 

New-Jcrfey,  in  Hunterdon  co.  5le«af)o»4 
6  njiL-H  N.  caftward  of  Amwell  on  Del- 
aware K.  a.i  N.  N.  W.  of  Trenton,  9 
S.  of  Pittftown,  and  53  N.  E.  by  N.d 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  a  doz- 
en cumpadt  houfes. 

Fi-KTCHFR,  a  townOvip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vermont,  containing  only  47  inhab- 
itants, it  has  Cambridge  on  the  S.  E. 
and  Georgia  W. 

Flint  Rivtr^  a  confiderable  river  of 
Georgia,  wliich  rifcs  in  Uie  country  of 
the  Creek  Indians,  and  running  a  S. 
and  thence  a  S.  W.  courfe,  joins  the 
Appalachicola,  at  its  entran«  into  Flo- 
rida; The  Flint  is  about  30  rods  wide, 
and  from  la  to  15  teet  deep  in  fummer, 
and  has  a  gentle  current.  The  terri- 
tory  lying  on  this  river,,  efpccially  on 
the  upper  part  of  it,  prefents  every  ap- 
pearance  of  a  delightful  and  fruitful  re- 
gion in  tbnac  fiitui*  day  ;  it  bjeing  n 
rich  ft)il,  and  exceedingly  well  fituatcd 
for  cvtry  branch  of  agriculture,  and  of- 
fers an  uninterrupted  navigation  to  the 
bay  of  Mexico,  and  AtlanUc  ocean,  and 
thence  to  the  Weft-rndia  illands  and 
over  the  whole  world.  There  are  a 
number  of  villages  of  Creek  Indians  on 
this  river. 

Flint,  a  fmall  river,  al>out  aSmilc* 
long,  in  the  GencfTte  country,  in  New- 
York,  which  runs  N.  N.  E.  into  Canan- 
darqiu  creek. 

Flintston,'  a  plantation  in  Cum- 
beriand  co.  Maine,  having  180  inhabit- 
ants. It  has  one  eminence  in  it  called 
Saddle-Back  mountain,  bqt  the  coun* 
try  in  general  is  level  enough  for  culti. 
vatibn.  One  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
pine  and  white  oak. 

Florica,  a  townfWp  irt'  Orange  co. 
New-York,  6  01  8  miles  S,  of  Goflien, 
3  nd  5  0  N.  W.  of  New^-York  city.  377 
of  its  inhabitants  are  qualified  to  be 
elcdors.  It  has  been  lately  iiicorpo- 
rated,  .    .    .  •.  ' 

Florida*  Eafi  and  Wejl^  belonging 
to  Spain,  fituated  between  25.  and  .11. 
N.  lat.  ard  between  80.  and  91.  W. 
long,  about  600  miles  in  length.  Its 
breadth  is  various  ;'  the  broadelt  part 
of  Weft  Florida  is  about  130  miles, 
while  the  narrow  penipfula  of  Eaft 
Florida  extends,  in  the  fame  diredlioc, 
from  S.  to  N>  400  miles.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  Georgia,  S.  by  the  gutf  of  Mexi- 
co, E.  by  the  Atlantic  ocei^i,  and  W> 
by  the  Mifiifippis  ^rhkh  feparates  it 

from' 


worn  Lcmifima,  and  it  nearljr  of  the 
ffprin  uf  the  letter  L.  Among  itt  rivcrn 
that  fiiU  into  the  Atlantic,  St.  John's 
and  Indian  rirera  are  the  chief.  Segua* 
iia,  Appalachicoia,  Chnfahatchi,  Efcam- 
bia.  Mobile,  Pafcagoula  and  Pearl  rivcrn 
all  rife  in  Oeoraia,  and  nm  fotitherly 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  The  principal 
bay*  are  St.  Brmard'Sf  Aicenfinn,  M(>> 
bile,  Pentacola,  Dauphin,  Joleph,  Apal* 
achy,  Spiritu  Sando  ;  and  the  cnief 
capfH  .ire  Blanco,  St.  B1aize»  Anclote, 
and  ca|>e  Florida  at  the  extremity  of 
the  peninfuU.  "the  climate  is  little 
4ifrerent  tirom  that  of  Georgia^  There 
art,  in  this  cour^tryj  a  j^reat  variety  of 
foils  ;  the  eaftein  part  ut  it,  near  to,  and 
about  St.  AuguAine,  i^  by  far  the  moft 
unfruitful  J  yet  even  there,  two  crops 
of  Indian  corn  are  annually  produced. 
The  banks  of  the  rivers  Whicl.  water 
the  riuritUs,  and  the  parts  contiguousi 
arc  of  a  fuptrior  quality,  and  well  adapt- 
cd  to  the  culture  of  rice  and  corn;  The 
fine  lands  near  the  river  Efcambia^  are 
^efcribed  under  the  account  of  that  R. 
The  interior  country;  which  is  high 
9Dd  plea&nt,  abounds  with  wood  of 
aJmoft  every  kind  (  p<u1icular1y  white 
and  red  oak,  live  oak,  laurel  niagnolia, 
|>>n«t  hickory,  cypicfs,  red  and  white 
cedar.  The  live  o  ,  though  not  tall, 
«oatain  a  pnxiigiuua  •  ^  <iiitity  uf  timber. 
The  trunk  is  generally  froirt  ii  to  ao 
feet  in  circumference,  and  rifes  idoria 
feet  Jrom  the  earth,  and  then  branches 
into  4  or  5  great  lnnl>s<  which  jjrow  in 
Jiearly  a  horizontal  dirct^tion,  turming 
;» gentle  curve.  **  I  h;i»e  ftepped"  fays 
Bartram,  «•  above  50  p.trcs,  on  a  ftmight 
line,  from  the  trUnk  ot  one  of  thefc 
trees  to  the  extremity  of  the  limbs." 
They  are  ever  green,  and  the  wood  al- 
moft  incorruptible.  They  bear  a  great 
iquantity  of  fmall  acon^s,  which  is  agree- 
^lefood  when  roafted^  and  &om  which 
the  Indians  cxtra(^t  a  fWeet  oil,  which 
they  Uie  in  cooking  homminy  and  rice. 
The  laurel  ma'^'nolia  is  the  mbft  beau- 
tifidl  among  tht  xrees  of  the  fored,  and 
h  ufuaUy  lob  feet  high,  tliough  fomc 
;ire  much  higher.  The  trunk  is  per- 
ltkAlyeNA,riruie  in  the  forr*  ai  s  ^  au- 
tiful  eolumn^and  fupporting  ,>  l}ea>l  like 
an  obtufe  cone.  The  flowtr",  wiiich 
are  (« the  extremity  of  the  :<rr(nc'ie8, 
are  large,  white^  and  expanded  <ike  a 
rofe,  and  are  the  lai^geft  and  moft  com- 
flttka  «f  any  yet  known ;  whca  fully 


FLO 

expanded,  they  are  from  6  to  0  inched 
(li.imeter,  and  have  a  moft  deKciout 
fragrance.  The  cyprt-fs  is  the  laraed 
of  the  American  treen;  *'  I  have  £ett 
trunks  of  thefe  trees,"  fays  Bartraini 
'*  that  woukl  meafure  8, 10  and  t%  fen 
in  diamefer,  for  40  and  50  fee*  fljaft.'* 
The  trunks  make  Excellent  fliing1«Sy 
boards,  and  other  timber  f  and  wheft 
hollowed^  make  durable  and  conveni* 
ent  canoes.  The  garden  vegetables  art 
in  high  perfection  i  the  orange  an* 
lemon  trees  grow  here,  without  culti- 
vation, to  a  large  (iae,and  produce  bet« 
tcr  fruit  than  in  Spain  and  Portugal* 
The  intervales  between  the  hilly  partt 
of  this  country  art-  extremely  rich.  Th« 
principal  town  iu  Weft  Florida  is  Pea* 
nK:ola  i  in  Eaft  Florida,  St.  Augufhne. 
,  The  Spaniih  (trength  in  the  Florida«|p 
iind  Louifiana,  in  1790,  wan  as  follows* 
aficording  to  Vtr.  Mclford's  account  i 
Troops  and  levies  at  St.  Auguttinc  and 
on  St.  John's  river,  400 — St.  MarkV 
lOo— Penfacola,  350— Mobile  andTom* 
bigbee,  150— attheNatchrt,soo— Red 
rivers  Joo— -Illinois  river,  300— in  all 
i6oo  men;  called  the  Orleans  or  Loui>*> 
fiana  regiment. 

,  The  n  limber  of  American  femi!ie» 
that  have  been  Spaniih  fubjcAs  Ance 
1783;  amounts  to  1720;  viz.  at  Tenfau^ 
near  Mobile  bay,  90— on  Tombigbee 
river,  i;,b---at  the  Natchez  on  the 
MiOllippi,  15O0.  All  the  (ettlers  ia 
thcfe  diftrifts  art  under  the  inuiiediat« 
oHers.  of  the  military ,  commandants^ 
ai,  •liijiedt  to  martial  law ;  with  an  ap« 
pea  om  ftage  t'  ftage,  up  to  the  vice- 
roy 01  Mexico.  TTie  projjerty  of  the 
fubjcdt  At  his  deccafe  is  to  be  mana(;«fd 
by  the  commandanf,  Whofe  fees,  by 
law,  are  enormous. 

Until  the  year  i?^6  the  continent  o£ 
Nurt  h-America  went  by  the  name  of 
Florida.  It  received  this  naii  e  from 
John  Ponce,  bccaufe  when  he  lauded  \rt 
N.  lat.  ,8.  8;  in  April  iji.?,  he  found 
the  Country  then*  in  full  bloom.  Flo- 
rida has  trequently  changed  mafterSr 
belonging  alternately  to  the  French  and 
Spaniafcls.  Weft-Flai-ida,  as  far  as  Per* 
dido  K;  was  owned  and  occupied  by 
the  French  ;  the  remainder,  and  aft 
Eaft-Florida,  by  che  Spaniards,  previou* 
to  their  being  ceded  to  the  Britilh,  at 
the  peacti  of  17?)^.  The  Britifli  divid- 
ed this  country  into  E.  and  W.  Floridait' 
Durinr  the  Americaa  wai',  both  the 


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Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTE'R,  N.Y.  14580 

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FloKdas  were  reduced  by  this  SpaiMirdt, 
ahd  ettarantied  to  the  crown  of  Spain 
By  the  definitive  treaty  of  1 7  83 . 

^LORiOA,  Caps,  the  fouthemmoft 
^bint  of  land  of  the  pcninfida  of  Eaft- 
Florida.  It  is  100  miles  N.  of  the  ifl- 
a;iid  d'Cuba.  N.latv^aj-.  ao.  W.  long. 
80.  zo. 

'(  FLOft.iDA  Keys,  on  Martyr* i  Iflandst 
a  number  of  rocks  and  ftnd  banks, 
bounded  W.  by  the  gnlf  df  Mexico,  E. 
By  that  of  Florida.  The  great  fand 
liank  extends  from  the  pwiinfula  of 
Eaft-Florida  inward,  to  thegulf  of  Mcx- 
iieo,  in  the  fonn  of  a  hook ;  its  W. 
point  is  divideclfrom  the  bank  called 
fiie  Dry  Tortugas,  by  Tortugas  chan- 
nel. 

Florida,  Gulf  of,  is  the  channel 
lietween  the  peninfula  of  Florida  and 
the  Bahama  iflands,  N.  of  the  ifland 
of  Cuba  ;  and  through  which  the  Gulf 
Stream  finds  a  paflage,  and  runs  to  the 
m.  £.  aV^ng  the  American  coaft.  See 
Culf  Stream  axiA  Mexico, 

Fv^WERTOWN,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  a 
finall  village  about  la  miles  N.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, in  Montgomery  co, 

Floyd,  a  new  townlhip  in  Herke- 
mtr  CO. 

•  Flushing,  a  town  in  Queen's  co. 
New-York,  fituated  onthe  N.  W.  part 
of  Long  Illand,  and  on  the  S.  fide  of 
Hell  Gate  ;  7  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New- 
York  city.  It  contaiiis  1607  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  whom  a  10  are  qualified  eleft- 
ors,  and  340  are  fiavos. 
.  Fluvanna.  Sec  James  Rhver. 
'■-  Fluvanna,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  by  Albemarle,  N.  E.  by 
Louifa,  E.  by  Goochland^  W.  by  Am- 
herft,  and  S.  by  Fluvanna  or  James 
river,  which  divides  it  from  Bncking- 
haih.  It  is  about  %%  miles  long,  and 
ito  broad,  and  contams  3,921  inhabit- 
ants, including  1,466  flavcs.  There  is 
great  plenty  of  marble,  both  white  and 
varie^fatef'  with  blue,  red  and  purple 
veins,  foitind  here,  on  James  R.  at  the 
mouth  of  Rockfiih  ;  where  it  forms  a 
Ikrge  precipice,  overhanging  a  ilaviga- 
blc  part'  of  the  river. 
"'  FQbOY'Gyp,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
N.  ^mericai  is  fituated  on  the  S.  eaft- 
im  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Alafka,  and 
W.ofKinitaciQand. 
:  FbGOY  7^1*,  onthe  fame  fide  of  the 
benihiula  as'the  above,  lies  a  ihort  way 
libyWiO,*;  Foggy  Ciwe."     -■,'<-?-  n. 


^^^ 


FoLLO^JrFiELb,  a  townlhip  in  Ti''*ft*» 
ington  CO.  Pennfylvania.  Eaft*aw4We«? 
Followfield  are  alfo  two  tOMmflt^Sy^ik* 
Cheftcr  coJ  Pinnfylvania.'    ■   '  •      i 

FoNiiECA^  Gulf  orj  lies;  in  N^w> 
Spain  on  the'Pacifid  oceait»  40  miles  Si^ 
£.  of  the  town  of  81.  Miguel,'and  aibout 
490  miles  N.  W.  of  Caipe  Blan«6,  on 
thef  weftem  fide  of  the  gulf  of  Nicoya. 

Po-XTAiNE,  Belle,  a  firttlemr.»t  in 
the  N.  W,  territory,  fitiiated  on  the  E.- 
fide  of  tHe  Mifiifippi,  about  i%  miles  N. 
of- St.  Philips^  and  2I3  below  Cahokia. 

Font,  or  Foiitb,  Straits  De,  lie 
on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Aineriea,  in 
Ni  lat.  54. 35.  W.long.  9. 55.-  There  is 
Shurge  ifland  in  the  middle  of  the  en*' 
trance.'  This  is  thought  to  be  the  fame 
ftrait  that  De  Fonte,  a  Spanifli  adtni-' 
ral,  difcovcrcd  in  1640,  whofe  accotmt 
of  it  has  been  long  treated  as  fabulous. 
It  has  been  feen  by  captains  Gray  and 
Ingraham,of  Bofton. 

FOralones,  in  the  ifland  of  Guara*- 
and  coaft  of  Pern,  in  S.  America,  are 
old  walls  of  fome  ancient  building  in 
the  time  of  the  Yncae,  which  fcrve  here 
as  light-houfes  for  the  Ihipping  which' 
fail  from  Callab  to  Paka,  on  the  S.  Sea: 
coaft. 

Foresterton,  a  village  in  BurUng** 
ton  CO.  New-Jerfey,  which  lies  between 
Ayerfton  and  Eveiham ;  about  15  mileft' 
E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  11  S;  of  Bur- 
lington city. 

Forest,  a  fmall  idand  in  the  Britifh 
territories,  at  the  mouth  '>f  Lake  Onta- 
rio, between  which  and  Grand  Ifland' 
is  a  narrow  channel.  It  lies  9  miles 
foutherly  of  Fort  Frontinac,  and  6  N. 
wefterly  of  Roebuck  I.  in  the  fame  lake, 
andwiOiinthe  line  of  the  United  States. 

FORKED' Debr^.  anarigable  river  in 
Tenneffee,  which  rurts  wefterly  ihto 
Miffifippi  R.'  between  the  Obian  and 
Hatchy.  It  is  about  76  yahh  widej  7 
miles  n-om  its  moutl..  - 

Forks,  a  townfliip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania; 

Formose,  a  fmall  fettiement  at  the 
S.E.  end  of  Newfoundland  ifland,  at  the 
head  of  Bear  Cove. 

Fort  Bali 2  e,  at  the  mouth  ofMhfi- 
fipf'  river,  lies  loj  miles  below  the  city 
of  New-Orleans. 

Fort  Blount,  ftands  on  Cumber- 
land R.  in  the  ftate  of  Tenneflee. 

FoRt  Brewingtom,  in  New-Ydrk 
:  i  ftate,  i»  fituated  at  the  W.  end  of  Onei-' 
^   ,  ,  ■  .  ■  d» 


POX 

Ai.JUhCrrahd  on  the  N.  fide  of  Onon>> 
4dK<xK»  at  its  mouth  ia  the  Ulut. 

Fort  Ch  artiix«»  in  the  IiL  W.  terri- 
tor)r*i&fituated  on  the  E.latikof  MUB- 
UppiRri  miles  W.by  S.  of  St.  Phillios, 
«nd  S9  W.  N.  W.  of  Kafluilriu  village. 

EoftT'  sDavphin*  a  finall  lake,  at 
rather  arm  of  Little  Winnipeg;  bdce*  and 
weft  of  it. 

FotT  Epward,  a  pleaCuit  grillage  in 
■Walhiington  co.  Nc^-York,  on  the  E. 
liank  of  Hudfon  R.  h"}  ifoks  Nt  of  Al- 
bany. Ithasitanaue  from  the  larg6 
fort  .built  here.in  j  75  j . ;  of  which  there 
are  no  remains  but  large  mounds  of 
<arth. 

Fort  Anne,  a  village  on  the  head 
-waters  of  Wood  creek»  in  Wafliington 
CO.  New-York»  60  miles  N.  £.  of  Al- 
bany  city.  It  has  its  name  from  a  imall 
picket  rort,  eredled  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Anne»  of  .which  there  is  no  ne£- 
t^eleft. 

Fort  6eoiu}e»  lies  at  the  S.  end  cf 
lake  George>  6»  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
Here  are  the  remains  of  the  old  forts* 
.George,  and  William  Henry.  Thefitu- 
ation  is  pkafant,  but  there  is  hanl< 
Jy  the  appearance  of  a  village^  fiee 
Otfrget  Like, 

FoRTRoyAi.»in  the  ifland  of  Grena<- 
da.  ^tSt.  George**. 

FoRTROYALf  one  of  the  principal 
towns  in  the  ifland  of  Martinicoi  in  the 
Weft-Indies.  It  is  tiie  leat  of  govern- 
ment it  the  illand ;  its  ftreets  are  regu- 
lar, the  houfes  agreeable,  and  the  peo- 
ple gay  and  luxurious.  The  citadel 
which  defends  the  town  coft  the  French 
jC>335>ooo  fterling.  The  harbor  here 
is  one  of  the  beft  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
and  the  (hips  pivtsx  winter  in  it. 

Fortune,  a  large  bay  towards  the 
S..  W.  part  of  Newfoundland  ifland  ; 
acrofs  the  mouth  of  which  lies  Micklon 
ifland,  and  S.  of  it  Peters  ifland.  This 
extenfive  bay  is  interfpciftd  with  finall 
ifles,  and  within  it  are  many  bays.  It 
has  great  depth  of  water  througltout. 
-  Foster,  a  townfliip  in  Providence 
CO.  Rhode-Ifland,  containing  .3968  in- 
habitants ;  z  7  miles  wefterly  df  Provi- 
(ktnce»  and  31  N.  W.  of  Newport, 

Foxbqrouoh,  a  tpwnfliip  in  Nor- 
folk-co.  Maflachufetts,  containing  674 
Inhabitants,  a6,  miles  S.  of  Bottom  It 
'was  fermcriy  a  part  of  Dorcbefter,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1778. 

FQx»  «  river  m,  \f^%^.  W.  territory, 


F  R  A 

which  riies  in  the  S.  and  runs  at 
miles  N.  where  it  approaches  .very. new, 
to,  and  parallel  with,  Ouifoonfin,  a  H^ 
ea^em  branch  of  the  Miflifippi  rive>> 
From'  the  Great  Carrying  place  here* 
through  labenWinnebago,  it  runs  kiSci- 
erly,  then  N.  £.  to  bay  Puan,  about 
.( 80  miles.  From  the  carrying  place  tb 
Winnebago  it  is  nadgable  for  canoes  4 
or  5  milet.  From  hay  Puan  its  cuicr 
rent  is  gentle  i  itam  thence  to  Winnflr> 
bago  lake  it  is  ftiU  of  rocks  and  very 
rapid»  Its  breadth  is  between  70  uid 
160  yards.  The  land  on  its  borders  is 
good,  thinly  wooded  with  hickory,  oak* 
and  hazel.  See  Ouifcot\fing  and  Winna-' 
bago. 

Fox,  a  northern  water  of  Illinois  riv- 
er, 34  niiles  below  the  mouth  of  Plein 
riyer. 

Framikgham,  a  townfliip  injiflid*> 
(Uefex  CO.  Maflichufctts,  cpntaining 
1598  inhabitants.  It  was  mcorporated 
in  1700,  and  is  24  miles  W.  S.  W.  of 
jBoAon. 

Fit.AN£xsTowM,  an  interior  .town- 
fliip in  HiUflioirough  cq»  New-ilamp> 
fliire,  on  ihe  £.  Gde  of  Contecook  R. 
about  %\  nules  to  the  S.  W.  of  Ccm- 
cord*  It  was  incorporated  in  177a, 
and  contained  in  1775,  aooiuhabitant^ 
in  1790, 98a.  V 

FRANCtsBOROusii,  » Icttlcment  if 
York  CO.  diftriA  of  Afaine,  containing 
311  inhabitants, 

Francis,  St.  a  lake,  or  extenfioa 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  between 
Kingfton  and  Montreal,  through  wfaick 
pafl*es  the  line  dividing  Upper  fipom 
Lower  Canada. 

Francis,  St.  ariver  in  the  provinct 
of  Lower  Canada,  which  rifts  from 
lake  Memphremagog,  and  runs  noitlif 
ward  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  It 
is  not  all  the  way  navigable  ;  i^k  it 
would  afford  an  important  communU 
cation  from  the  northern  part*,  of  Vov 
mont  to  the  markets  of  MoOb^  and 
Quebec 

Fran  CIS, 'St.  a&iailriveriDLow^ 
iana,  which  runs  a  S.  £.  courieinto^ 
Milfifippi*  108  miles  above  Arkaaiba 
R.  and  70  mil^s  above  Mai^gptR.  ob 
the  £.  fide  of  the  Miflifipiu.  |t.M  m- 
markabk  for  nothing  but  t)ie  genetfl 
rendezvous  for  the  hunters  frpm  ^cwi- 
prieans,  who  winter  there,. 4nd  cioUbft 
fait  meat,  fuet,  and  bear**  oil^  ixJCok 
fupply  of  that  city, .  Kappas  Old  la$ 

fomerly 


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df  Hood  at  the  mouth  of  thU  ifr- 
cr,  OB  ue  ibutli^  fide.  It  was  built 
iff  the  French  during  their  wart  mth 
ibe  ChickaiktHr  Indians. 
:  Atfo>  the  name  of  a  fmall  river  in  the 
V.  W.  territory,  which  /ufis  a  S.  W.  hf 
W.  cdutft  into  MiiBf^i,  between 
Cold  a|td  ftum  rivers,  6p  mUes  above 
lit.  Anthoia|{r's  Fails.  The  country  a 
Uttk' above  i|  is  hiUy^  and  thjp  foil 
]ardtty  good.  To  the  N.  £.  are  the 
fnall  iokes  dkUcd  the  Thovfand  lake6. 
The  AffifiUippi  here  i^  fldt  above  90 
yards  wide. 

.  FiRANCis,  St.  in  Brazil,  $.  America, 
«<ltmg  iud  }at:ge  river  which  runs  N. 
cafterly,  and  thenct  S.  £.  till  it  empties 
into  the  ooeap,  N.  £.  of  the  town  of 
fietegeppe  del  Rey.  )t  has  a  number 
of  towns  and  fettlements,  chieQy  on 
«U  head  watcrst  ' 

'  f  KAM901S,  C4?E  St.  a  jtirUUiAion, 
iqty,  and  port  in  the  N.  Weftern  part  of 
the  iflaad  of  St,  Domingo.  This  jurif- 
didiota  is  in  the  North  divilion  of  the 
iiland,  in  vriuit  was  calkd  the  French 
i>ait  of  it  {  ai|d  contains'  13  pariflies. 
Jtecixpaitsirdm  Jan.  i,  i?^),  to  Dec. 
31,  of  tiie'lame  year^  were  ^  foHow  i 
33^187,636  lbs.  white  fugar,  7,»6y,53i 
jtt».  brown  fugar,  32*.f  45-,5a4  lbs.  coffee, 
969,240  lbs.  cottorij  245,177  lbs.  indi- 
go i  tanned  hides,  moiafiis,  ^ritR,  ice. 
t/o  the  /ahie  of  8^1,789  livres.  Total 
value  of  duties  on  exportdtt6n,'ft53,5^o 
4oUars,  37  cents.  ^Cape  Francois  ex- 
ceeds Port  au  PriVice  in  the  v^ilue  of  its 
podudions,  the  elegance  of  its  buila- 
lOgs,  and  the  Ml^vantageous  (ituation  of 
its  port.  The  city,  which  is  the  gov- 
■nor'e  refideace  inline  of  war,  is  fit- 
natedoB  a  oape  at  the  edge  of  a  li^i^e 
|dain,  ao  leagues  long,  and  oi)  an  aver- 
age 4  broad*  Wweenthe  fea  and  the 
jDountaincL  There  are  ftw  Uftdi  bet- 
ter watered*  but  there  is  not  a  river 
dttt  ivfll  adihit  a  flqop  above  3  miles. 
SIbb  Ipaoe  is  cut  through  by  ftraight 
roads,  40  feet  broad,uninterruptcdly  lin> 
4^  with  hedges  of  Ihne  and  lemon  trees, 
iatenfiixcd  -with  long  aven^<es  of  lofty 
tBBCS,  leading  to  plantations  which  pro> 
sittce  a  greater  quantity  of  ftlgar  than 
«ny  ipat  of  the  fiune  iite  in  the  woridJ 
The  town,  which  is  fitUatod  in  the  moft' 
unliQaltby  "place  of  this  etctenfrve  and 
henailffA  plain,  had,  feme  years  (tncc, 
fmtcM  ekgant  public  buildings,  as  the 
^pfoaa^A  lioufe,  |iut  iurracldi,  die 


nuigisiBe,  and  two  hofmtali,  ^  led  ttl 
Jbou/es  of  Providence,  rounded  for  tb^ 
benevolent  and  humane  puipofe  of  fiip. 
porting  thole  Buropeans  who  camt 
thitlier  without  money  or  merehandiscL 
The  harkcMr  is  admirably  wrcll  fituateA 
for  fli^s  which  comic  from  Eura|ie,be^ 
in^  only  <^n  to  the  N.  from  yribcacc 
(hips  receive  no  damage,  its  entrance 
bemg  ij;>:inkled  over  with  recft  itiat 
breax  the  foroe  of  the  waveg.  fiefoue 
its  deftrudtion  in  1793,  thif  cit^  con- 
tained abo^t  8000  inhabitants ;  whites, 
pef^ile  of  color,  and  flayes.  See  Sti 
Jiothuigo, 

Fran9'qis,  Old  Cap£,  the  north- 
eaftemmoft  point  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo  or  Hifpaniola ;  having  Bahaii 
mo  bay  N.  W.  and  Scotch  bay  S.  S.  £. 

Franconia,  a  townlh^  in  Graftot' 
CO.  New-Hamp(hire,  14  miles  N.  £.  of 
Ifaverhill  (N.  H.)  on  COnnedticut  river. 
Incorporated  ih  1 7  64,  firft  called  MoiW 
riftown.    It  contains  72  inhabitants. 

Frankcort,  a  townih^  in  Han- 
code  CO.  diftriA  of  Maine,  on  the  W.fide 
of  Peniobicot  bay.  It  has  a  few  houfes, 
regulariy  iui^,  and  lies  8  miles  W.  of 
Penobioat,  123  W.  of  Paflanraquoddy, 
and  238  N.  £.  of  Bofton.  The  town<i 
Ihip  contains  891  inhai>itibt«; 
'  Frankfort,  or  JBra»4/«r4^  a  plcal» 
ant,  thriving  village,  in  Pbiladelpma  co, 
Pennfylvania,  feated  on  the  N.  £.  fide 
of  a  creek  of  the  iarae  name,  a  mik 
and  an  half  from  Delaware  R.  It  con- 
tains about  50  houfes,  chieiy  of  ftone, 
aA  £pi(capal  and  a  German  church  ; 
on  elevated  ground,  about  5  miles  N. 
£.  of  Phihidelphia. 

Frankfort,  a  new  townfhip  in 
Herkemer  co.  New-York,  £  of  Whitefc 
town  J  adjoining. 

Frankfort,  a  thriving  village  in 
Hampfhire  co.  Virginia,  on  a  creek 
Whicih  empties  into  Potowmack  R.  It  is 
13  miles  N.  W.  of  Rumney,  4  niiles  S. 
of  the  PotoWmack,  and  10  S.  S.  £.  of 
Fort  Cumberland.      '     '  ' 

Frankfort,  the  capital  of  Bnidle- 
ton  CO.  Viiipnia,  is  fituated  on  the  W. 
fide  of  a  S.  "branch  of  Potowmack  R^ 
It  contains  a  coui^-houfe«  gaol,  end 
about  30  houfes  i  1 80  miles  N:  W.  of 
Rjohniortd. 

Frankfokt,  the  metropolia of  Ken- 
tucky, is  fituated  in  FrankUnco.  on  the 
N.  £.  bank  of  Kentucky  R.  about  s* 
iqil^&om  ita  ci^AflMnce  \vith  the^Obio. 

IX 


y  It  4 

tik*BmwMing  town,regu3aF}ylaidout, 
iad  bas  a  number  ^  bandlbme  houfes. 
The  ftate^ufti  ia  a  handibme  ftone 
Iniil^g*  Here  is  alfo  a  tobacco  ware- 
huufe*  /  It »  30  miles  N.  of  Hanrodf- 
f»ui:g»  40  N<  by  W<  of  Danville,  123 
homhM^villt,  and  7^0  W.  by  S.  of 
PJuladdphia.    N.  lat.  38. 14.  W.  long. 

Franklin,  Fort,  is  in  AUeghany  co. 
PeanfyhraBia,  near  the  p<^l  billed  Ve- 
iHUigo,  and  wa«  etc^ledin  1787  in  order 
to  defend  the  frontiers  of  Pennfylvania 
jfrvm  the  depmlatioasof  the  n^gbboring 
Indians.  It  is  feated  on  the  S.  W.  bank 
of  Alleghany  R.  oppofite  the  mouth  qf 
French  creckf  N.  laL  41*  i.  46.  W. 
long.  79.  41.;  S3  miles  S.  S.  £.  of 
PrciquK  Ifle,  and  6j  p<^ward  of  Pittf- 
burg. 

[  F&ANXVIN  Cff.tbe  north-weftepunoft 
^1  Vemoont,  bounded  N.  by  Lower  Can> 
sda,  and  W.  by  iake  Champlain.  It 
was  lately  taken  from  Chittenden  co. 
a^  cootaias  »o  towoihips. 

Fran  Ki^iNCcinPennfylVania,  bound- 
«1  N.  by  Mifflin,  N.  £,  by  Cumber*and; 
£.  by  York,  S.by  Waihington  co.iu  Ma- 
ryland, W.  by  Bedford  a),  and  N.  W. 
pf  Hunteifdon.  It  in  computed  to  con- 
tain 800  iQuare  miles,  equal  to  513,000 
acres.  It  lies  chiefly  between  the  ^i^, 
and  S.  Mountains,  auid  qcunprehends 
^  middle  part  of  the  beautiful  and 
rich  val)^  of  Conegocheague ;  which 
is  i^ataeed  by  the  creek'  of  its  name, 
Which  falla  into  Fotowmack  at  Williams 
Port  in  Maryland.  This  county  exhib^ 
ita  a  moll  luxuriant  ^ndfcapie  10  fum- 
mer,  from  the  top  qf  Suutli  Mountain. 
poa  ore  is  found  her^  fufficient  already 
to  ftwrniOl  work  for  a  furnace  and  forge. 
The  county  is  divided  into  jj  town- 
ihips,  wfaidi contain  15,651  inhabitants, 
of  whom  330  are  Oaves.'  •  '  ' 

Fr  AN  KL  lii  Co.  in  Kentucky,  isbound- 
ed  N.  by  Scott  co.  N-  W.  and  W.  by 
Shelby,  S.  iE.  by  Fayette,  and  S.  by 
Woodford.    Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

FaANKbiN  €^.  in  HalUiax  diftri(5t,  N. 
Carolina,  contains  7559  inhabitants,  of 
whom  4717  are  flaves.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  0*eenvillei  S.  by  Johnfton,  N, 
E.  by  WmWf  S.  W.  by  Wake,  and  W, 
by  Orange  00.    Chief  town,  Lemtbuiig. 

FRAN«|.Ui  C».  HI  Virginia,  is  boufid- 
ed  N.  by  Bedford,  N.  W.  by  Botetourt, 
W.  by  Montigomery,  &  W.  by  Henry, 
^  by  Fat4ek»  and  £.  by  CiimpbeV  ««• 


It  k  about  At>  milet  long,  and  sjf  trtdt 
and  contains  684a  inhabitants,  iiic}VHlr 
ing  1073  flavei;  Arittige  of  the  All«#> 
hany  Mountain^  pafles  through  it  «i 
the  N.  W.  It  is  copfeqoently  bflly  in 
general. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Georgia  is  &toi^ 
ed  in  the  Upper  Diilridt,  bounded  S^ 
and  N.  E.  by  Tugulo  R.  which  fiiipsh 
rates  it  from  the  ftate  of  S.  Carolinal; 
W.  and  N.  W.  by  the  country  of  tht 
Cherokees;  S.  by  the  head  bruichesof 
Broad  R.  and  S.  £.  by  £lbert  co.  It 
contains  IP41  inhabitants,  of  whom  wg^ 
are  flaves.  The  court-houfe  is  1 7  n^ikii 
from,  Hatton's  Ford  on  Tugulo  R:  25 
from£lberton,  and  7  7  from  Wailungton. 

Fran  k  lin-Colleg  e,  See  Lantuftefi 
in  Pennfylvania.  ' 

Franklin,  a  townflup  in  Norfoflc 
CO.  Maflacbufetts ;  taken  from  Wren* 
tham,  and  incorporated  in  177S,  anil 
$»}ntain8  17,000  acres  of  land..  It  hsk 
1x91  inhabitants;  is  bounded  tH.hf 
Charles  R.  whic^  feparates  it  from  Mod^ 
way,  and  lies  30  tnUes  S.  of  Bofton. 

FaAN  KLIN,  a  fmall  ifle  at  the  moutk 
of  St.  George's  R.  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine  s 
4  leagues  fouthward  of  Thomafton. 

Fran  KLIN,  a  newtownihip  inDutclW 
efs  co.lJcw-York.  By  the  ftate  cenfusof 
1796,  It  appears  there  are  sio  of  its  in- 
habitants qualified  to  be  eledtors.-«^Alfai, 
a  new  townftiip  in  Delaware  county,  ^ 
whofe  inhabitants  239  are  ekftors.  It 
lies  S.  W.  from,  and  borders  on  Haiw 
persiidd,  and  its  W.  line  runs  along  the 
S.  eaftem  bank  of  Suii]uehanna  R.  Thife 
town  was  divided  by  an  a(^  of  the  Le» 
giflature,  1797. 

Franklin,  a  townftiip  In  Weftmoret 
land  CO.  Pennfylvania.— ^Alfo,  3  dthett 
in  theJame  ftate,  viz.  in  Yorkco.  Faj*- 
ette  CO.  and  in  Walbington  co.  >* 

FfLANKLiN.  a  townihip,  tiic  nortHi^ 
eramoft  in  New-London  co.  ConneAi* 
cut,  6  miles  N.  W.  of  Norwich.  It 
contains  above  1000  inhabitants,  wfaji 
are  chiefly  wealthy  fenners.  '"'■ 

Frankstown,  atownfhipin  Huat^ 
ingdon  co.  Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  fjbii 
Frankftown  branch  of  Jusiatta  R.  4Mi. 
miles  W.  of  Huntingdon.  ■■■■■r^ 

Frayles,  an  ifland  near  thecoaft  flf 
New-Andalufia,  Terra  Firma.  T 

Fraylbs,  Los,  a  clump  of  nieki 
which  rife  above  water  on  the  S.  fide  ()C 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  4  Jeaguei^  if. 
W,  qf  t^ie  ifl^d  offieafie,  ti^^ctfi;^ 

pofite 


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^effite  the  Ifles  caned  the  Seven  Breth- 
•en,  in  tbt  bay  of  Monte  Chrift,  on  the 
K.  fide  of  the  ifland.  Tbefc  rocks  are  * 
alfa  called  the  Brothers  or  Monks.  The 
«apiditj  of  the  currents  renders  this 
part  of  the  coaft  very  dangerous. 

Freoeiiica*  a  village  in  Kent  co. 
Hate  of  Delaware^  fituated  between  the 
two  main  branches  of  Mother  KiU>  a 
.ftream  which  falls  into  Delaware  7  miles 
Irom  the  town,  and  3  S.  £.  of  James's 
,«rcek,  which  leads  up  to  Dover,  It 
contains  about  40  houfes,  and  lies  i» 
laHes  £,  of  Dover,  and  88  from  VtAa- 
debhia. 

F&EUBktCA,  a  town  of  Olynn  eo.  in 
Geor^a,  iA  fituated  on  St.  Simon's  ift- 
and,  m  a  very  plealant  tituation,  and 
was  built  by  gen.  Oglethorpe.  The 
ibrtrels  was  beautiful  and  regular,  but 
i»  now  in  ruins.  The  town  contains 
but  few  houfes,  which  ftand  on  an 
eminence,  upon  a  branch  of  Aktamaha 
river,  which  waihes  the  W.  fide  of  this 
agreeable  ifland,  and  forms  a  bay  before 
tie  town,  afforcfing  a  fafe  and  commodi- 
jOTis  harbor  for  veflels  of  the  largeft  bur- 
jden,  which  may  lie  along  the  wharf.  It 
was  fettled  by  fome  Scotch  highlanders, 
about  the  year  1735,  who  accepted  of^ 
•an  eftablifhment  both  here  aadatDa- 
jrien,  to  defend  the  colony,  if  needful, 
againft  the  neighboring  Spaniards.  N. 
lat.  31.  ij.  W.  iong.  80, 

Frederick  Co.  in  Maryland,  is 
4bQuhded  N.  by  Pennfylvania,  W.  and 
K.  W.  by  Walhington,  E.  by  Balti- 
more, and  S.  W.  by  Potowmack  R. 
On  the  Mohocacy  river  and  its  branches 
are  about  37  grift-mills,  a  furnace,  iron 
lorge,  and  a  glafs  manufadory,  called 
the  Etna  glais  works,  which  an:  in  a 
thriying  ftate.  This  county  is  about 
30  miles  each  way,  reckoning  from  the 
•Jrtreme  parts.  The  Gotoftiny  Moun- 
tain extends  from  the  Potowmack  in  a 
N.  diredion  through  this  county  into 
Pennfylvania,  between  the  South  Moun- 
tain and  Monocacy  Creek  ;  the  eaftern 
parts  are  generally  level.  It  contains 
30,791  inhabitants,  including  3,641 
flaves.    Chief  town,  Fredericktowh. 

Frederick  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  Berkley,  S.  by  Shanandoah, 
W.  by  Hampfiiire,  and  E.  by  Shanan- 
db^  R.  which  feparates  it  fi'om  Lou- 
don eo.  It  is  30  miles  in  length,  and 
^  in  breadth,  and  contains  19,681  in. 
iab^smts,  of  whoni  4,'35o  are  flaves. 


Iron  ore  is  found  here  irigre^t  pkaCy  f 
and  works  have  been  ereAed'  which  prc»» 
duce  x6o  tons  of  bar  iron,  and  650  ton* 
of  pig,  annually^  In  r  year  300  tons  oi 
bar  iron  wtre  maoafiiftuj:<yL  Pott  and 
other  utenfih,  caft  thinner  uair  vfiul  of 
this  iron,  may  be  fafdy  thrown  kito  or 
out  of  the  waggon,  in  which  ihey  are 
tranfported.  Both  this  and  Berkley  co. 
has  a  good  foil.  Between  the  waters  of 
Opeckan  creek  and  the  Shanandeuh  i« 
the  rieheft  limfftone  land  in  the  eafteni 
parts  of  the  ftate. 

Near  the  North  Mountain  in  this 
countv  is  a  curtv)uscave,  by  ibme  called 
Zaney  J  Cave.  Its  entrance  is  on  the 
top ofan«xteBfive ridge.  Youdefcen^ 
30  or  40  feet  as  into  a  weS,  firom  whence 
the  cave  then  extends,  nearly  horizonr 
tally,  409  feet  into  the  earth,  preferving 
a  breadth  of  from  so  to  50  feet,  and  ^ 
height  of  ^m  5  to  i»  feet.  After  en- 
tering this  cave  a  few  feet,  the  merct^ 
ry,  which»  in  the  open  air,  was  at  5  a. 
rofe  to  57.  of  Fahrenheit's  thermometer. 
After  this  may  be  added  the  Natural 
Well  on  the  lands  of  Mr.  Levris.  It 
is  fomewhat  larger  than  a,  common 
well,  and  riies  as  near  the  furface  of  the 
earth  as  m  the  neighboriag  artificial 
wells ;  and  is  of  a  depth,  as  yet  un- 
known. It  is  ufed  with  a  bucket  and 
windlafs  as  an  ordinary  welU  It  is  faid 
there  is  a  current  in  it  tending  fenfibly 
downwards.    Chief  town,  Winchefter. 

Frederick  Hou/e,  a  trading  ftation 
in  Upper  Canada,  on  the  head  wrater 
of  Abbitibbe  river.  N.  lat.  48.  35.  W< 
long.  8z.  6. 

FREOERiCK,afort  in  Walhington  co^, 
Maryland,  fituated  on  the  N.  £.  bank 
of  Potowmack  R.  near  the  S.  line  of 
Pennfylvania. 

F4(ED£RiCK,  atownfhip  in  Montgo- 
mery CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Frederick,  a  town  en  the  N.  fide 
of  SaSafiras  R.  in  Cecil  co.  Maryland, 
and  feparated  by  that  river  from  George 
Town  in  Kent  co.  It  lies  6  miles  S.  W. 
of  Warwick,  and  14  £.  of  Grove  point 
in^ Chefapeak  bay.    N.lat.  39. as.  30. 

FreobricksbvrOj  a  poft  town  in 
Spotfylvania  co.  Virginia  }  fituated  on 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  Rappahamieek  river, 
no  iniles  fttun  its  mouth  in  Chefapeak 
bay.  tt  is  an  incorporated  town,  and 
regularly  laid  oui>into  feveral  ftreets, 
the  chia  of  which  runs  parallel  with 
the  river,  and  to  aU  contains  ujpwyu-ds 

of 


«f  ado  boufet,  two  tohacco  warehoiifes, 
and  fttcral  ftoica  of  ..ell  a<r«rted  goods. 
Ito  public  buildings  are  an  Epifcopal 
diurchf  an  academy^  coort-houie  and 
gaol.  It  is  3  place  or  confiderable  trade 
and  contains  abfivit  sooo  inhabitants^-of 
whom  587  are  flaves.  A  forge  in  this 
nefghborhood  made»  fotnetime  ago,  a- 
bout  300  tons  of  bar  iron  in  a  yearr 
from  pi|;8  imported  from  Maryland.  It 
is  56  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Alexandria,  68 
N.  by  E.  of  Richmond^  xoa  S.  W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  aoj  8.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia. N.  lat.  38.  aa.  W.  long.  77.  j6. 
FRJiDEftiCKSTCWN,  a  townAiip  in 
Dutchefs  CO.  New-York,  which  con- 
tains 593a  inhabitants,  of  whom  x89' 
we  qualified  to  be  eleftors,  and  63  are 
laves. 

Frederickton,  a  confiderable 
townfliip  in  the  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wick,  90  miles  up  St.  John's  R^  which 
is  thus  hx  navigable  for  floops. 

Fredericktown,  a  poft  town  of 
Maryland,  jmd  capital  of  Frederick  co. 
fituated  on  both  fides  of  CarroUs'  creek, 
a  finall  ftream  that  empties  into  Mono- 
cacy  R.  over  which  ate  two  bridges. 
The  ftreets  arc  regularly  laid  out,  inter- 
feding  each  other  at  right  angles.  The 
dwelling-houfes,  chiefty  of  ftone  and 
brick,  are  about  700  in  number,  many 
of  which  are  handfome  and  commodi- 
ous. The  public  edifices  are,  one 
church  for  Prafbyterians,  two  for  Ger- 
man Lutherans  and  Calvinifts,  and  one 
for  Baptifts,  an  elegant  court-houfe,  a 
gaol,  and  a  brick  market-houfe.  It  is 
a  very  flouriihing  town,  and  has  con- 
fiderable trade  with  the  back  country. 
The  Etna  glafs  works  are  fituated  4 
miles  above  the  tovm,  on  Tuikarora 
creek.  Fredericktown  Ts  4  miles  E.  of 
Cotodin  mountain,  47  SV.  by  N.  of 
Baltimore,  34  £.  of  Sharpibiu^,  and 
148  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia,  N. 
lat.  39.  34. 

Fr KB  HOLD,  a  town  in  Monmouth 
CO.  New-Jerfcy,  jj;  miles  W.  of  Shrcwf- 
bury,  and  ao  S.  E^by  S.  of  New-Brun£> 
wick;  In  this  town  was  fought  the  ob- 
ftinate  battle  called  the  Monmouth  bat- 
tle, on  the  aStb  of  June,  1 7  78.  See  Mon- 
tttotob*  There  is  an  academy  in  this 
town.  Freehdd  contains  3785  inhab- 
itants, of  whom  6a7  are  flaves^  See 
Upper  Freebtld, 
Frsehoid,  a  townfliip  in  Albany 


FUE 

itants,  of  whom  56a  are  quaTifie^  deZlf^ 
ors,  and  5  are  flaves. 

Freeport,  a  townfhip  in  Cumberi^' 
land  CO.  diftri^t  of  Maine,  fituated  at 
the  bead  of  Cafco  bay  ;  adjoining  tat 
Durham  on  the  N.  E.and  to  Narth; 
Yarmouth  Otl  the  S.  W.,;  aboi\t  10  miiet 
N  £/of  Portland,  and  140  N. by  E.ofi 
Bofton.'  It  was  incorporated  ia  iji^ 
and  contains  i'33(»  inhabitants. 

Fp.eestone-Oap,  a  place  fo  called-- 
in Tenneflce,  a^  miles  fi-oni  Hawkin'a 
court-houff,  and  35  from  Cumberland" 
mountain.' 

F^EETowjfi  a  thriving  townfliip ia, 
Briftol  CO.  Mafladhufett8,r  incot]>orated 
in  1683,  contains  aaoa  inhabitants,  imii' 
lies  so  miles  foutherly  of  Bofton.'  .  ,  ; 
French,  a  finail  river  in  Mafladiu*..' 
fetts»  has  its  fource  in  a  finall  pond,  oft* 
the  borders  of  Leicefter  and  Spencer,  isi 
Worcefter  co.  and  runs  througb  0)K 
ford  and  joins  Quinebauge  river,  im. 
Thompfoh  townfliip,  in  Conne^icttt..' 
It  derives  its  name  from  the  Frendk^ 
Proteftants,  who,  obtained  a  fettlemOit 
in  the  town  of  Oxford,  after  tlie  nevgi-; 
cation  of  the  edift  of  Nantz,  in  1685.  ; 
French  America.u  Theonlyi»it 
of  the  continent  which  the  French  na- 
tion now  poflefs,  is  the  diftriA  or  pro- 
vince of  Cayenne,  and  the  ifland  of  the 
ikme  name  on  its  coaft,  in  S.' America.- 
In  the  Weft-Indies  the  French  daim 
the  following  iflands,  to  which  the  read- 
er is  referred  for  a  particular  defcripi; 
tion  :  St.  Domingo,  or  Hifpaniola,  Guad-^ 
aloufe,  St.  Lucia,  Tobago,  St.  Bartioio^ 
mnv,  Defeada,  and  Marigalante. 

The  French  were  among  the  laft  na- 
tions who  made  fettlements  in  the  W, 
Indies  ;.  but  they  made  ample  amends 
by  the  vigour  with  which  they  purfued 
them,  and  by  that  chain  of  judicious 
and  admirable  meafures  which  thor. 
ufed,  in  drawing  from  them  every  ad- 
vantage that  the  nature  of  the  dinute 
would  yield,  and  in  contending  againfl* 
the  diiBculties  which  it  threw  in  thdt 
way. 

French  Broad,  a  navigable  river  Uf 
Tenneflee,  which  riles  on  the  S.  E.  fide 
of  the  Great  Iron  and  Bald  mountains* 
in  N.  Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  two 
main  branches,  which  i:eceive  feveral 
ftreams  in  their  cgurfe.  Tbdeuqite 
about  58  miles  from  the  fource  of  4j>e 
Nolachucky,  the  eaftem  branch  \  tbc9ce 
it  flows  ^N.  nearly  abpn^  >£.  tnS^ 


NfcS 


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f    'I'iv 


i.i  I 


r^ 


f 


HI 


ted  joins  the  Holfton  1 1  miles  above 
KnoxviHe,  and  is  400  or  (oo  yards  wide. 
Irhc'ofvtgation  of  this  branch  is  much 
uiterrupted  by  rocks,  as  is  alfo  the  Ten- 
neiTee  bnuich»  which  joins  the  main 
fiver  50  miles  below  this. 

A  latf  e,  ctear,  medlcreal  fpring,  faid 
fo  be  diicaciOQs  in  caring  many  djf- 
4af<ts>  has  been  lately  difcovered  on  the 
waters  of  this  river»  about  30  miles  in 
$  diredt  line  ftom  its  month.'  The  wa- 
ter ift  fo  hot»  that  a  patient  at  firll  go- 
ing into  it  can  fcarcely  fupport  it.' 
Nearer  the  mouth  of  the  rhrer,  a  valu- 
Me  lead  mine  has  been  dilbovered; 

Frxnch  Creei,  a  N.  weftem  watef 
tf  Alleghany  river,'  into  Which  it  i^lls 
tiong  the  Ni  fide  of  Fdrt  Frankh'n,  80 
miles  N.  by  K.  of  Pittfburg; .  It  aflTords 
Ihe  neatcft  paflage  to  lake  Eric.  It  is 
navigable  with  fmaH  boats  to  Le  Bieuf, 
by  a  very  crooked  channel  ;  the  Port- 
ia thence  to  Prefque  Ifle,  from  an  ad- 
joining peninfula,  is  <5  mil^s.  This  is 
the  utual  route  from  Quebec  to  Ohio. 

French  Lid,  in  TennelTee,  is  the 
name  of  a  fait  fpring,  near  which  the 
town  of  Naihville  now  ftands: 

Frknchman'j  Bajt  lies  on  th'^  fea 
eoaft  of  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  and  is  form- 
ed by  Mount  Defert  idand  on  the  weft- 

ara*  and  tiii  peninfula  of  C^oldlbo- 

lUgh  to^vnlhip  on    the  eaftward. — 

ound  Mount  Oeftrt  illand  it  has  an 
inland  circular  communication  vdth 
Blue  Hill  bay. 

French  Toiivi;  in  Cecil  co.  Eilary- 
land,  lies  on  the  £.  Hde  of  Elk  R.  a  mile 
S.  of  Elkton,  from  which  it  is  f^parated 
by  Elk  creek:  Elk  ferry  is  6  miles  be- 
lo\Vthi8. 

pRENEUli  Laie,  a  large  colleAiciii 
•f  water,  through  whieh  St.  John's  R. 
in  New-Bninfwick,  paflTes.  In  fome 
maps  this  appears  only  as  a  dilatation  of 
the  river  ;  but  in  others  it  appears  as  a 
large  lake  of  very  irregular  figure,  and 
deceiving  confiderable  ftreams  from'  the 
ftircumjacent  country. 

Friedburg,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
in!  Wachom,  air  Surry  co.  N.  Carolina. 

FaiEDLANDf  a  Moravian  fettlement 
kt  Wachovia^ 

Fribdemshi^  tTTEN,  a  Moravian  fet- 
flementy  whofe  name  fignifies  Tentj  9/ 
|Vi)«r,  fitttated  on  Snlquehanna  R.  in 
fdwiVlvaniay  about  14  miles  below  Ti- 
•!•  p(^  }  cftaUiflied  by  the  United 
•i^tiMrea  in  1745.    It  tll«i  oonfifted  of 


r  R  Q 

X  3  Indian  huts,  and  upwards  of  4^. 
houies,  built  after  the  Eumpran  ma»>' 
ner,  with  a  neat  chapel.  Next  to  tkc 
houfet  the  ground  was  laid  out  m  gar- 
dens ;  and  between  the  fettlement  iui 
the  river  about  »5o  acres  were  divided 
into  regular  plantations  of  Indian  corn.' 

FRIEDeNSTADT,  OT  Towtt  o/ Ptaet, 

a  Moravian  fettlement  which  was  eftab- 
lifhed  between  Great  Beaver  and  Yd^ 
low  Greeks ;'  about  40  miles  N.  W.  of 
Pittfburg.    It  was  abandoned  in  1773. 

Frobisher'j  Straits,  lie  a  Httle  to 
the  northward  of  Cape  Farewell  and. 
Weft  Greenland,  and  were  difcovered 
by  Sir  Martin  FrobiAiCr.  N.  lat.  63. 
W.  long.  4«.     , 

Frog'j  Pnni  or  Neek^tnWt^  CheA 
t<*r  Co.  New- York,  lies  on  the  coaft  of 
Long-Ifland  Sound,'  9  nilct  from  Har- 
laem  heights.' 

FRONTiNACFoRT,a  fortrefsin  C»> 
Aada^  fituated  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay 
oi-  harbor,  on  the  N.  Vf.  fide  of  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  where  all  forta 
ofveffels  mav  ride  in  (afety.  It  is  a 
league  from  the  mouth  of  the  lake,  and 
a  fhgrt  difiance  9;  of  Kingfton,  and 
about  30»  miles  from  Quetec.  The, 
winter  about  this  place  is  much  fhorter 
than  at  (Quebec  r  and  the  foil  is  fo  well 
Cultivated,  as  to  produce  all  forts  of  Eu- 
ropean and  Indian  com,'  and  fiiiits. 
Here  is  one  of  the  m<^  charming  prof, 
pedts  in  the  world','  during  fpring  and 
fummer^  The  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
month  of  Lake  Ontario,  contain  a  num- 
ber of  beautiful  and  fertile  iflands  of 
different  magnitudes,  and  Well  wooded, 
and  the  toy  often  prefents  to  the  view 
veiTels  at  anchor,  and  others  palling  to 
ioA  from  the  lake/ .  But  the  misfortrim.' 
is^  that  the  advantageous, commiinica-< 
tion  between  this  lake,  Montreal  and 
Quebec^  is  fomewhat  difficult  and  dan- 
gtious,  on  account  of  the  river  being 
full  of  rocks  and  water  falls.'  Thisf'to* 
gether  with  the  ambufcades  ^f  the  Iro> 
qttois  Indians,  induced  the  French  to 
abandon  and  deftroy  the  ftrong  woHu 
the^  had  ereded  here.  This  happened 
in  16S9.  After  this  they  re-took  and 
repaired  the  place.'  At  length  the 
Britifh,  under  col.  Bradltreet,  took  it 
in  1759,  to  whom  itwaa  confimed 
at  the  peace  in  17^3. 

A  river  has  lately  been  furvcyed  by 
the  deput;  furveyor  general  of  Canada, 
fipon  i««entraiictf'iiito  the  lake  at  Kcnty« 


Vv.»3^''j|«.*.&.**'.**J^i&-'." 


t  tJ  N 

iiear  CadAraquii  to  its  Iburce  in  lake  St. 
Ulie ;  trom  which  there  is  an  eafy  and 
fliort  portage  acrofs  N.  W.  to  the  N. 
£.  angle  of  Lake  Huront  and  another 
t^at  is  neither  long  nor  difficult,  to  the 
ibuthward.to  the  old  fettlement  of  To- 
ronto. This  is  a  fliort  route  from  Fort 
l^rontenac  to  Michillimackinack.  See 
Kingjlon. 

Frowsack  Channel,  or  the  Gut  of 
Canfof  a  ftrait  between  Nova-Scotia  and 
Cape  Breton  Iflandt  5  French  leagues 
long,  and  one  broad. 

Frydupfrin^  a  townihip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Frying-Pan,  a  dangerous  flioal  Co 
called  irom  its  form.  It  lies  at  the  en- 
trance of  Cape  Fear  R.  in  North-Caro- 
lina ;  the  S.  part  of  it  is  in  N.  lat.  33: 
32.  6  miles  from  Cape  Fear  pitch,  and 
24  S.  £.  by  S.  from  the  light-houfe  on 
Bald  Head. 

Frysburoh,  or  Fryii/r^^  atownlhip 
pleafantly  fituated  in  York  co.  in  the 
diftri(!t  of  Maine,  in  a  bow  formed  by 
the  N.  branch  of  Great  Oflipee  R.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1777,  has  a  flou- 
riihing  academy^  and  contains  447  in- 
habitants. This  is  the  ancient  Indian 
'tillage  Peckwalket,  through  which  the 
upper  part  of  Saco  meanders ;  60  miles 
from  the  fea,  and  130  N;  by  £.  of  Bof- 
ton.    N.  lat.  44.  2.  W.  long.  70. 47. 30. 

FucA,  Straits  of  Juan  de,  lie  on 
the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America.  The  en- 
trance lies  between  Cape  Flattery  on  the 
S.  iide,  in  N.  lat.  48.  25.  W.  long.  134. 
5a.  to  the  oppolite  coalt  of  the  Quad- 
ras iflesj  in  N.  lat.  48.  53.  30.  It  com- 
municates with  Pintard's  found,  and 
thus  forms  Quadras  ifles ;  in  the  S.  eart- 
crn  coalt  of  which  lies  Nootka  found. 
See  Pintard'f  found.  The  Spaniards^ 
jealous  of  their  right  to  the  American 
coaft,  cftablilhed  a  fettlement  at  this 
place. 

FuEOO.     See  Terra  del  Fuega. 

Full  Moon  SAoal.    See  Hatteras. 

■  Fundv,  a  large  bay  in  N.  America, 
which  opens  between  the  iflands  in  Pe- 
nobfcot  bay,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
and  Cape  Sable,  the  S.  weftern  poin4  of 
Nova^Scotia.  It  extends  about  aoo 
miles  in  a  N.  £.  direction  ;  and  with 
Verte  bay,  which  puihes  into  the  land 
in.  a  S.  W.  diret^on  from  the  ftraits  of 
Northumberland,  forms  a  very  narrow 
jithmus,  which  unitei  Nova-Scotia  to 
the  continent )  and  ^^  uere  the  divifion 


a  AC 

line  runi  between  thait  provinte  atact 
New-Brunfwick.  From  its  mouth  up 
to  Paffiunaquoddy  bay,  on  its  N.  W. 
fide,  fituated  between  the  province  of 
New-Brunfwick  and  the  diftriA  of 
Maine,  are  a  number  of  bays  and  iflands 
on  boUi  fides,  and  thus  far  it  contract 
its  breadth  gradually.  It  is  12  leagues 
acro&  from  St.  John's;  in  New-Brunf- 
wicki  to  the  Gut  of  Annapolis,  in  Nova- 
Scotia  ;  where  the  tides  are  rapid,  and 
rife  30  feet.  Above  this  it  preferves 
nearly  an  ec^ual  breadth,  until  its  waters 
are  formed  mto  two  arms*  by  a  penin- 
fula,  the  weftern  point  of  whith  is  call- 
ed Cape  Chignedo.  At  the  head  of  the 
N.  eaftern  arm,  called  Chignedo  chaiW 
nel,  which  j  with  bay  Verte  forms  the 
ifthmus,  the  tides  rile  60  feet.  In  the 
Bafin  of  Minas,  which  is  the  E.  arm  of 
branch  of  this  bay,  the  tides  rife  40  feet* 
Thefe  tides  are  10  rapid  as  to  overtake 
animals  feeding  on  the  Ihore. 

Funkstown;     See  yeru/altnti  ill 
Maryland.  .,       „      -     ^     . 


GA3BARON,  a  bay  on  the  S.  W.  o^ 
Louifbourg,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton. 

Gabori,  a  bay  on  the  S;  £.  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton  ifland.  The  entrance  into 
it,  which  is  not  more  than  20  leagues 
from  the  ifles  of  St.  Pierre,  is  between 
iflands  and.  tticks  about  a  league  in 
breadth.  The  bay  is  »  leagues  deep* 
and  affords  good  anchorage. 

GA0RIEL,  Sti  an  ifland  in  the  great 
river  La  Plata,  S.  America,  difcovered 
by  Sebaftian  Cabot,  in  the  year  1526. 

GacHpasj  an  Indian  tribe,  formerly 
in  alliance  with  the  Delawares. 

Gage'j.  Tinun,  a  fettlement  in  Sun- 
bury  CO.  New-Brunfwick  ;  on  the  lands 
granted  to  general  Gage,  on  the  W.  fide 
of  St»  John's  R.  on  the  northern  fliore 
of  the  bay  of  Fundy.  The  general's 
grant  confifts  of  20,000  acres  of  land  ) 
the  up-land  of  which  is  in  general  very 
bad.  Thtfre  is  fome  intervale  on  the 
river  fide*  on  which  are  a  few  fettlers  ; 
exclufive  of  thefe  fcttlements,  there  ia 
very  little  good  land  of  any  kind^ 

Galen,  a  mihta.ry  townfiiip  in  the 
ftate  of  New-York j  htuated  on  Canada^ 
que  creek,  12  miks  N.  W.  of  the  N^ 
end  of  Cayuga  lake,  aiid  13  S.  by  £.  of 
GreatSodus.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  Junius. 

CALKTSy 


\..M 


\f 


GAL 

Oalit»^i  an  ifland  at  the  E.  ead  of 
bkc  Ontario*  and  in  the  A»te  of  New- 
Torkt  5  nule*  S.  wedward  of  Roebuck 
ifland,  5  nortjherly  of  Point  Gaverfe> 
and  ji  S.  E.  of  Point  au  Goelaos. 

Galstt£,  La,  a  neck  of  land  in  Uie 
river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada.  From 
the  point  opposite  to  I'ifle  dc  Montreal, 
a  road  might  be  made  to  Galette,  fo  as 
to  fave  40  leagues  of  navigation,  which 
the  foils  render  almoft  impracticable, 
and  always  very  tedious.  The  land 
about  La  Galette  is  very  good  ;  and  in 
two  days  time  a  barque  may  fail  thence 
tu  Niagara,  with  a  good  wrind.  La  Ga- 
lette is  a  league  and  a  half  above  the 
fall  called  les  Galots. 

G  A  Li  BIS,  or  Charaibest  a  nation  of 
Indians  inhabiting  near  New-Andalulia, 
in  S.  America  ;  from  which  the  Cha- 
raibcs  of  the  Weft-Indie».  are  thought 
to  be  defcended. 

Galicia,  an  audience  in  Old  Mex> 
ico  or  New-Spain,  containing  7  provin- 
ces.   Guadalaxera  is  the  capital  city.. 

Galipago  JJlesy  the  name  of  feveral 
uninhabited  ifles  in  the.  South  Sea,  on 
both  fides  the  equator,  not  far  from,  the 
coaft  of  Terra  Firma  ;  belonging  to 
Spain.  They  lie  between  3.  N.  and  4. 
S.  lat.  and  between  83.  40.  and  89.  30.. 
W.  long.  There  are  only  9  of  them  of 
any  confiderable  fize  j  fome  of  which 
are  7  or  8  leagues  long,  and  3  or  4  broad. 
Dampier  faw  14  or  1$  of  them^  The 
chief  of  thefi:  are  Norfolk,  nearcft  the 
continent,  WenmoreamongtheN.  weft- 
crnmoft  and  Albemarle  the  weftemmoft 
of  all.  A  number  of  fmall  iifts  lie  W. 
from  thefe,  on  both  fides  the  equator  : 
one  of  which,  GAllego  L  lies  in  the  ift 
degreeofN.  lat.  and  loa  ofW.  long. 
Many  of  thefe  i/Ies  are  well  wooded, 
and  fome  have  a  deep  black  mould. 
Vaft  quantities  of  the  fineft  turtle  are 
to  be  found  among  thefe  illands,  where 
they  live  the  greateft  part  of  the  year  ; 
yet  they  are  faid  to  go  from:  thence 
over  to  the  main  to  lay  their  eggs,; 
w|»ich  is  at  Icaft  100  leagues  diftant. 

Gal  LAN,  St.  a  fmall  iOand  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  in  lat.  14.  S.  5  miles  N. 
of  the  high  land  Mtrro  Peijoy  or  Old 
Man's  Head  ;  between  which  ifland 
and  the  high  land,  is  a  molt  eligible  fta- 
tion  to  cruize  for  ..veflels  bound  for 
eallao,N.crS.  ,;.,,. 

Galliopdlis, apolt.towTj in  the  N. 
W».tenitory,  fituated  on  a  bend  of  the 


>i.>M 


GAR 


\      r>J4. 


OhiO|.thd  aeariy  oppofite  toth«  mottttit 
of  the  Great  Kaiihaway.  It  is  faid  to* 
contain  about  loc  houfes,  all  inhabited 
by  French  people.  Itis  T4omile«eaftward 
of  Columbia,  300  S.  W.  of  Pittfljurg, 
and  5S9  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
39.  x»W.  long.  83.9. 

This  town  is  faid  to  be  on  the  decliner 
their  right  to  the  lands  not  being  fuflt» 
cicntiy  fecurcd. 

Galots,  the  lowed  of  the  falls  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence  in  Canada.  Be- 
tween  the  neck  of  land  la  Galette  and 
les  Galots  is  an  excellent  country,  and 
no  where  can  there  be  feen  finer  torefts. 

Galots^  l'mle  aux,  an  ifland  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada  }  % 
leagues  beyond  I'ifle  aux  Chevres,  iii' 
N.  lat.  43-  32,' 

Gallo,  an  ifland  in  the  province  of 
Popayan,  S.  America,  in  N.  lat.  a.  40. 
Captain  Dampier  fays  it  is  fituated  in  a 
deep  bay,  and  that  off  this  ifland  there 
is  not  above  4  or  5  fathom  water  ;  but 
at  Segnetta,  which  is  on  the  N.  fide,  a 
veflel  may  ride  in  deep  water,  firee  firom 
any  danger.  The  ifland  is  high,  pro- 
vided with  wood  and  good  water,  and" 
having  good  lander  bays,  where  a  fhip 

may  be  cleaned. ^Alfo,  the  name  of 

an  ifland  of  the  S.  fea,  nea>-  the  coaft  of 
Peru*  which  was  the  firft  place  poflefl'- 
ed  by  the  Spaniards,  when  they  at* 
tempted  th»  conqucft  of  Peru. 

Galloway,  a  townfliip  in  Gloucef- 
ter  CO.  New-Jerfcy. 

Galway,  a  townfliip  in  the  new- 
county  of  Saratoga,  in  New- York.  By 
the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  it  appears  that. 
49J  of  its  inhabitants  are  qualified  to  be 
eledors... 

GambleViS7^/j«;,  a  fort  about  i» 
miles  from  Knoxville,  in  Tenneflee. 

Gammok,  Point,  anciently  called 
Point  Gilbert,  by  Gofnold,  forms  the 
eaftem  fide  of  the  harbor  of  Hyanio  or 
Hyennes,  in.  Bamftable  co.  Ma&v  hu< 
fetts. 

Gaknelor,  a<  fmall  ifland  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  N.  lat.  48.  near 
Bird  ifland. 
_  Garazu,  a  town  in  Brazil^  and  pro- 
vince of  Pemambuco,  45  miles  N.  of 
Olinda. 

Gardner,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in  1785. 
It  ccntaing  about  i4)Ogo  acres,  well  w»* 
tcred,  chiefly  by  Otter  R.  The  road 
frgm  Connedicut  R.  thro'  Feterihamir 

Gerry*. 


O  A  Y 

<OeiTyi  and  Templeton  on  to  Bofton^ 
pa0e8  through  it.  It  contains  511  in- 
AabttantSy  and  it  »6  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Worccfter,  and  6e  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Gardner'^  J/IanJi  or  f/le  of  Wight^ 
Itc»  at  the  £.  end  of  Long-Ifland,  in 
New-York  ftate,  flieitered  within  Oyf- 
-ter  Pond  and  Moatauk  points .;  10  miles 
N.  W.  of  the  latter,  and  as  far  S.  W. 
of  Plumb  I.  It  contains  about  3000 
acres  of  fertile  land,  the  property  of 
one  perfon>  and  yields  excellent  grafs, 
wheat  and  com.  Fine  flieep  and  cat- 
tle are  raifed  on  it.  It  is  annexed  to 
Eaft  Hampton,  and  ties  40  miles  fovth- 
Avefterly  of  Newport,  Rhode-Ifland. 

Gaspe,  or  Gatbepey  a  bay  and  head- 
iand  S.  of  Florell  ifle,  which  lies  be- 
tween it  and  Cape  Rollers,  on  the  £. 
coaft  of  Lower  Canada,  and  W.  Gde  of 
the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

OaspS£,  or  Namquit  PoinU  7  miles 
S.  of  Providence  (R.  L)  projeAing  from 
the  weltern  Ihore  of  Providence  river, 
remarkable  as  being  the  place  where 
the  Britilh  armed  ichooner,  called  the 
Cafpee,  was  burnt,  June  10,  s;;*,  by 
about  60  men  firom  Providence^  paint- 
ed like  Narraganfet  Indians.  For  the 
caufe  of  this  tran{a6tion,  fee  Gordon's 
Hift.  of  the  Amer.  Rev.  vol.  I.  p.  311. 

Gaspesia,  a  traa  of  country  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  St.  Lawrence 
R,  and  on  the  N.  fide  of  Chaleurs  bay, 
in  Lower  Canada.  Its  E.  extremity  is 
Cape  Rofiers.  The  Indians  called  Gaf- 
pefians  inhabit  here. 

Gates  Co.  in  Edenton  eafliem  dif- 
trid,  N.  Carolina,  is  bounded  N.  by 
the  ftate  of  Virginia,  S.  by  Chowan  co. 
It  contains  539a  inhabitants,  includisg 
aai9  flavcs.    Chief  town,  Hertford. 

Gay  Heady  is  a  kind  of  peninfula  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  between  3  and  4 
miles  in  length  and  %  in  breadth,  and 
almoft  feparated  from  the  other  part  of 
the  idand  by  a  large  psnd.  The  In- 
dians inhabiting  this  part,  when  lately 
numbered,  amounted  to  903.  The  fod 
is  good,  and  only  requires  cultivation 
to  produce  moft  vegetables  in  peifec- 
tion.  There  are  evident  matlcs  of  there 
having  been  volcanoes  formerly  on  this 
peninfula.  ThiC  marks  of  4  or  j  craters 
are  plainly  to  be  fcen.  The  moft  fouth- 
crly  and  probably  the  moft  ancient,  as 
it  is  grown  over  with  grafs,  now  called 
the  Devil's  Den,  is  at  Teaft  so  rods  over 
n  the  top«  i4|  «t  the  totl»B%  ai4  Ml 


9  E  N 


\ 


130  feet  at  the  ftdes,  except  that  whicl 
is  next  the  fea,  where  it  is  open.  A 
man  now  alive  relates,  that  his  mother 
could  remember  when  it  was  common 
to  fee  a  light  upon  Gay  Head  in  the 
night  time.  Others  fay,  their  anceftnra 
have  told  thom,  that  the  whalemen  ufed 
to  guide  themfclves  in  the  nijiht  by  the 
lights  that  were  i'een  upon  Gay  Head. 
The  fea  has  made  fuch  encroachments 
here,  that,  within  30  years,  it  has  fwcpt 
off  15  or  no  rods.  The  extremity  of 
Gay  H«ad  in  the  S.  W.  point  of  the 
VineyaM.  N.  lat.  41.  ao.  W.  Idng. 
from  Greenwich  70.  50. 

GCKELEMUEKPECHUKNK,    a    tOWn 

of  the.  Delaware  Indians « on  a  creek  df 
the  fame  name,  a  head  water  of  the 
Muikingum.  .  his  was  the  northem- 
moft  Moravian  1^  clement  on  Muikin- 
gum R.  It  lies  x»  miles  N.  £.  by  N. 
of  Salem,  and  78  N.  wefteriy  of  Pitt£> 
burg. 

Oemssib.  a  fort  on  the  river  %t, 
John's,  which  <was  taken  by  the  Englifli 
in  2674. 

Genessec,  a  townihip  in  Ontario 
CO.  New- York,  having  217  eledors. 

OVNESSEE  Country t  a  large  traft  of 
land  in  the  ftate  of  New-York,  bound- 
ed N.  and  N.  W.  by  bke  Ontario,  9. 
by  Pennfylvania,  £•  b]^  thewefteni  part 
of  the  military  townftdpSf  in  Onondag* 
CO.  and  W.  by  lake  Erie  and  Niagara 
R.  It  is  a  rich  tradt  of  country,  and 
well  watered  by  lakes  and  rivers  ;  one 
of  the  Jatter,  Geneflec  R.  gives  name  to 
thistradt.  It  is  generally  flat,  the  riv*. 
ers  fluggift),  the  foil  m(»ft«  and  the  lakes 
numerous. 

Gen  ESS  E£  River.    "See  Chetieffke. 

Geneva,  a  lake  in  Upper  Canada 
which  forms  the  W.  extremity  of  lake 
Ontario  ;  to  which  it  is  joined  by  a 
fliort  and  narrow  ftratt. 

Geneva,  apofttownin  Ommdag6 
CO.  New-York,  on  the^ceat  road  froih 
Albany  to  INiagara,  Tituated  on  t!he 
bank  of  the  N.  W.  comer  of  Seneca 
lake,  about  74  miles  W.  of  Oneida  c«& 
tie,  and  91  W.  of  Whiteftown.  Tlie 
Friends  fettlement  lies  about  i%  mUet 
below  this.  Here  were  so  Iog-houfei« 
and  a  few  other  buildings  feveral  years 
ago,  which  have  much  increafed  fince. 

Genevikvs,  St.  or  Miffing  a  rifles 
in  Louifiana,  on  the  weftcii  bank  of  toe 
Miflifippi,  neariy  oppofite  to  (he  village 
Of  Kaft«fcia»  i»  fluaa  <iaul^ertr  of 

•    Foit 


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en© 

Vort  Chartres.  It  contained  about  i* 
years  ago,  upwards  of  loo  boufes,  and 
460  inhabitants,  befides  negroes. 

Oeorob's,  St.  a  cape  and  idands 
nearly  oppofitc  to  the  rivei*  Apalachico- 
la,  on  the  coaft  of  E.  Florida.  Cape  St. 
George's  lies  about  6  leagues  to  the 
caftward  of  Cape  Blaizo,  being  an  elbow 
of  the  largeft  of  St.  George's  iflands,  in 
K.  lat.  39.  38.  There  is  a  large  flioal 
running  out  from  it  a  condderable  way, 
but  how  ftir  has  not  yet  been  afcertalii- 
cd.  The  coaft  between  it  and  Cape 
JSlaizo,  forms  a  kind  of  hollow  bay, 
with  deep  foundings  and  a  foft  bottom. 
There  are  two  idands  to  the  N.  W.  of 
St.  George's  Gape  ;  that  neareft  to  it 
is  finall,  and  remarkable  for  a  clump  of 
itraggling  trees  on  the  middle  of  it ;  the 
other  is  pretty  large,  and  of  a  triangular 
ibrm,  and  reaches  within  ,1  leagues  of 
Cap«  Blaize,  having  a  paflTage  at  each 
end  of  it  for  fmall  craft  into  the  bay, 
between  thefe  idands  and  the  river 
Apalacbicola  ;  but  this  bay  is  full  of 
ihoals  and  oyfter-banks,  and  not  above 
two  or  three  feet  water  at  moft,  in  any 
of  the  branches  of  that  river. 

Gborge,  Fqrt,  was  fituated  on 
Point  Comfort,  at  the  mouth  of  James 
R.  and  5  miles  N.  E.  of  Craney  idand, 
at  the  n:outh  of  Elizabeth  R.  in  Vir- 
f inia.     Se;  Comfort. 

GiORCi,  Fort  King,  an  ancient 
fort  in  Georgia,  which  ftood  5  miles  N. 
E.  of  the  town  of  Darien,  in  Liberty  co. 
fituated  at  the  head  of  a  creek  which 
flows  into  the  ocean  oppofite  Sapelo  I. 
It  is  now  in  ruins. 

George,  Lake,  in  Eaft  Florida,  isa 
dilatation  of  the  river  St.  Juan,  or  St. 
John,  and  called  alfo  Great  Lake.  It 
is  about  ij  miles  wide,  and  generally 
about  15  or  *o  feet  deep,  excepting  at 
the  entrance  of  the  river,  where  lies  a 
bar,  which  carries  8  or  9  feet  waiter. 
The  lake  is  beautified  with  two  or  three 
fertile  iflands.  The  largeft  is  about  » 
miles  broad,  and  commands  a  moft  de- 
lightful and  extenfive  profpedt  of  the 
waters,  idands,  E.  and  W.  Ihores  of  the 
lake,  the  capes,  the  bay  and  mount 
Rgyal  ;  and  to  the  f'.  the  view  is  very 
extenfive.  Here  arc  evident  marks  of  a 
large  town  of' the  aborigines,  and  the 
ifland  appears  to  have  been  once  the 
chofen  refidence  of  ati  Indian  prince. 
On  thefcitd  of  this  ancient  town  ftands 
^    «  verjr  pompoiu  indian  fflount,  or  ««u- 


C  E  6 

cal  pyramid  of  earth,  from  which  ntM 
in  a  ftraight  line,  a  grand  avenue  or  In- 
dian highway,  through  a  magnificent 
grove  of  magnolias,  live  oaks,  palms  and 
orange  trees,  terminating  at  the  verge 
of  a  large,  green,  level  (avanna.  From 
fragments  dug  up,  it  appears  to  have 
been  a  thickly  inhabited  town.  See  St. 
John^s  river. 

Gborob,  Lake,  lies  to  the  fouth- 
ward  of  lake  Champlain,  and  its  waters 
lie  about  100  feet  higher.  The  portage 
between  the  two  lakes  is  a  mile  and  a 
half ;  but  with  a  fiuall  expenfe  misrhfe 
be  reduced  to  60  yards  ;  and  with  one 
or  two  locks  might  be  made  navigable 
through,  for  batteaux.  It  is  a  moft 
clear,  beautiful  collection  of  water ; 
16  miles  long,  and  from  i  to  7  wide. 
It  embofoms  ^orc  than  300  idands, 
fome  fay  365  ;  very  few  of  which  are 
any  thing  more  than  barren  rocks,  cov- 
ered with  heath,  and  a  few  cedar, 
fpruce  and  hemlock  trees,  and  fhrubs, 
and  abundance  of  rattle-fnake«.  On 
each  fide  it  is  fliirted  by  prodigiotis 
niountains  ;  from  which  large  quanti- 
ties of  red  cedar  are  annually  carried 
to  New-York  for  fhip-timber.  The 
lake  is  full  of  fifhes,  and  fome  of  the 
beft  kind,  as  the  black  or  Ofwego  bafs, 
alfo  large  fpeckled  trouts.  It  was  call- 
ed lake  Sacranient  by  the  French,  who, 
ya  former  times,  were  at  the  pains  to 
procure  this  water  for  facramental  ufes 
in  all  their  churches  in  Canada  :  hence 
probably  it  derived  its  name.  The  re-r 
mains  or  Fort  George  ftand  at  the  S. 
end  of  the  lake,  about  14  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Fort  Edward,  on  Hudfon  river. 
The  famous  fort  of  Ticonderoga,  which 
ftood  on  the  N.  fide  of  the  outlet  of 
the  lake,  where  it  difchargw  its  wafers 
into  lake  Champlain,  is  now  in  ruins. 
See  Champluin  and  Ticonderoga. 

Georges,  St.  an  ifland  and  parifli 
belonging  to  the  Bermuda  illes,  m  the 
Weft-Infies.    N.  lat.  34. 45'  W-  'ong. 

63.  30* 

George's,  St.  a  large  and  deep 
bay  on  the  W.  fide  of  Newfoundland 
idand.    N.  lat.  48.  12. 

George's  Bank,  St.  a  fifhing  bank 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  E.  of  Cape  Cod, 
in  MafTachufetts.  It  extends  ftx)m  N. 
to  S.  between  41.  15.  and  4a.  aa.  N. 
lat.  and  between  67. 50.  and  68. 40.  W. 

long.  **"-.. 

\     Ocorge's  K«v,  St.  was  ©ne  of  th« 

principal 


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prindpal  Britifh  fettlemcnts  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras.  It  watt  taken  by  the 
JSpanianlt  durlnk  the  American  war, 
but  retaken  by  the  firitiOi  foon  after. 

The  Britifh  fettlements  on  the  Mof- 
quito  fhore ,and  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
were  furrendered  to  the  crown  of  Spain, 
at  the  Spanifh  convention,  figned  at 
London,  the  14th  of  July,  1786. 

George's  River,  St.  in  St.  Ma- 
ry's CO.  Maryland,  is  a  very  broad 
but  ihort  creek,  whofe  mouth  lies  be- 
tween Piney  Point  and  St.  Mary's  R. 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Potovvmack,  op- 
pofite  the  ifland  of  the  fame  name. 

_  Georob's  River, St. in  Lincoln  CO. 
diftriA  of  Maine,  or  rather  an  arm  of  the 
fea,  lies  about  a  leagues  S.  W.  of  Pc- 
nobfcot  bay.  Four  leagues  from  the 
mouth  of  this  river  ftands  Thomafton. 
This  river  is  navigable  for  brigs  and 
fhips  of  a  large  burden  up  to  the  nar- 
rows ;  and  firom  thence  about  4  nules 
higher,  to  nearly  the  head  of  the  tide, 
for  floops  and  fchooners  of  80  or  90 
tons.  It  is  about  half  a  league  wide  up 
to  the  narrows.  Of  late  feveral  confide- 
rable  veflels  have  been  built  in  this  river, 
which  are  employed  in  coafting,  and 
fometimes  in  foreign  voyages.  There 
are  now  owned  in  this  river,  though  it 
does  not  in  all  exceed  4  leagues  in 
length,  I  brig,  »  topfail  fchooners, 
and  9  floops :  In  all  about  1 100  torn. 
The  navigation,  however,  is  generally 
interrupted  in  winter,  when  not  only 
the  ftreams  through  the  country,  but  the 
fait  water  rivers  are  locked  up  until 
fpring.^  Firii  abound  here,  of  almoft  all 
kinds,  in  their  feafon  ;  and  even  lobitcrs, 
pyfters,  clams,  and  other  delieacies  of 
the  aqueoui  kind,  are  plenty  in  this 
river. 

Georoe'sjSt.  a  village  nearly  in  the 
centre  of  Newcaftle  co.  Delaware,  on  a 
creek  of  its  own  name,  which  falls  into 
Delaware  R.  4  miles  below,  a  little 
above  Reedy  Illand.  It  is  17  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Wilmington,  and  45  S.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Georoes,  St.  the  capita)  of  the  ill- 
and of  Grenada,  in  the  Weft-Indies ; 
formerly  called  Fort  Royale,  which 
name  the  fort  ftill  retains.  It  is  fituat- 
ed  on  a  fpacious  hay,  on  the  W^  or  lee- 
fide  of  the  ifland,  not  far  from  the  S.  end, 
and  poflefles  one  of  the  fafeft  a^d  moft 
Commodious  harbors  in  the  Britifh  W. 
Indies,  which  has  lately  been  fortified 


at  a  very  great  cxpenfc,  and  dcdar  •  *  ♦ 
free  port.  This  town  was  deftroycd  bj 
a  dreadful  fire  in  1771,  and  on  Novem- 
ber I,  177.?,  it  met  with  the  like  mif- 
fortunc  i  and  the  lofs  was  valued  at 
jC.joo,ooo.  The  town  now  makes  a 
very  handlbmc  appearance,  h<is  a  fpa- 
oious  fcjuare  or  parade  ;  the  houfcs  arc 
built  ut  brick,  and  tiled  or  flatcd  ;  foms 
few  are  builtof  ftoiie,exceptingthe  ware- 
hoiifcs  and  dwcUing-houfcs  round  the 
harbor,  which  are  moflly  wootlcn  build- 
ings. Thcfe  are  in  a  great  mcafure 
feparated  from  the  town  by  a  very  fteep 
and  rocky  hill,  the  houl'es  on  which, 
with  the  trees  which  I'crve  for  lh;>''c, 
have,  a  romantic  appearance.  The 
town  is  computed  to  contain  about 
acoo  inhaMtants,  many  of  whom  are 
wealthy  merchants.  This  was  its  fitu- 
ation  before  tJ;c  'nfurredion  of  the  ne- 
groes ;  of  its  preicnt  ftatc  we  havaiiol 
authentic  inf  )mation. 

Georgetown,  the  chief  town  ot 
Sufl'ex  CO.  Delaware,  is  fituated  16  mile* 
W.  S.  W.  of  Lewiftown,  and  103  S.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  3* 
houfes,  and  has  lately  been  made  the 
feat  of  the  county  courts. 

Georgetown,  a  poft  town  in  Mar^'- 
land,  fituated  in  Kent  co.  on  the  £.  lids 
of  Chefapeak  bay,  of  about  30  houlbs. 
It  is  9  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er Saflafras,  being  feated  on  the  S.  fide 
oppofite  to  Frede.ick,  60  N.  E.  of 
Chefter,  and  65  S,  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Fayette 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  lituated  on  tho  S.  E. 
fide  of  Monongahcla  R.  at  the  mouth 
of  George's  creek.  Here  a  number  of 
boats  are  annually  built  for  the  trade 
and  emigration  to  the  weftem  country. 
It  lies  16  miles  S.  W.  of  Union. 

Georgetovn,  a  pofl;  town  and 
port  of  entry,  in  Montgomery  co.  Mary- 
land, and  in  the  territory  of  Columbia. 
It  is  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  number  of 
imall  hills,  upon  the  northern  bank  of 
Potowmack  R. ;  bounded  eaftward  by 
Rock  creek,  which  feparates  it  from 
Wafliington  city,  and  lies  4  miles  from 
the  capitol,  and  8  N.  of  Alexandria. 
It  contains  about  »-jo  houfcs,  feveral  of 
which  ara  elcgai^t  and  commodious. 
The  Roman  Cathi^i«i^have  cftablilhcd 
a  college  here,  for  the  promotion  of 
general  literature,  wiiich  is  at  prcfent  in 
a  very  flourifhing  ftate.  The  building 
b$in|;  found  inadequate  to  contain^the 

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GEO 

BumTicr  of  ftudents  that  applied,  a  large 
addition  has  been  made  to  it.  George- 
towr  carries  on  \  fmall  trade  with  Eu- 
rope and  the  W.  Indies.  The  exports 
in  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1794*  a- 
mounted  to  the  value  of  ia8,9J4  dol- 
lars. It  is  46  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  148  S.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Georgetown,  in  Lincoln  co.  dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  is  lituated  on  both  fides 
of  Kennebeck  R.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1716,  is  the  oldcft  town  in  the 
county,  and  contains  13,^3  inhabitants. 
It  is  bounded  fouth'rly  by  the  ocean, 
wefterly  by  the  towns  of  Haipfwcll  and 
Brunfv/ick,  N.  wefterly  by  Bath,  and 
cafterly  by  Woolwich  ;  being  entirely 
furrounded  by  navigable  waif  rs,  except- 
ing about  a  miles  of  land,  which  divides 
the  waters  of  Winnagance  creek,  a  part 
of  tie  Kennebeck,  from  an  arm  or  in- 
flux of  Cafco  bay,  called  Stephen's  R, 

The  entrance  at  the  mouth  of  Kenne- 
beck R.  is  guided  on  the  E.  by  Parker's 
jfland,  belonging  to  this  to-  -nfliip.  It 
contains  about  28,090  acres  of  land  and 
fait  marfti,  and  is  inhabited  by  more 
-than  one  third  part  of  the  people  of  the 
townfhip.  This  was  the  fpot  on  which 
the  Europeans  firft  attempted  to  colo- 
nize New-England,  in  the  year  1607. 
It  is  a  part  of  what  was  called  Sagada- 
hock  }  and  the  patentees  of  the  Ply- 
mouth company  began  here  to  lay  the 
found:it- jii  o'/  a  great  ftate.  They  fent 
over  a  number  of  cjvil  and  military  ofli- 
ecrs,  and  aboat  109  people.  By  vari- 
ous misfortui  wS  they  were  forced  f> 
give  up  the  fcttlcment,  and  in  i6o8, 
the  whole  number  who  fui*vived  tlie 
winter  returned  to  England, 

There  was  a  tradition  among  the 
Norridgewalk  Iiw'ians,  that  thefc  plant- 
ers invited  a  number  of  the  natives, 
who  had  come  to  trade  with  them,  to 
draw  a  fmall  cannon  by  a  rope,  and 
that  when  they  were  ranged  in  a  line, 
the  white  people  diicharged  the  piece, 
and  thereby  killed  and  wounded  feveral 
of  them.  The  refentmcnt  of  the  na- 
tives at  this  treacherous  murder,  oblig- 
ed the  Europeans  to  reinibark  the  next 
fiimmer.  Georgetown  is  tj  miles  S, 
of  Pownalborougji,  and  170  N.  by  E, 
«f  Bofton. 

Georgetown,  a  poft  town  of  Geor- 
gia, in  the  co.  of  Oglethorpe,  50  miles 
S.  W.  of  Augi4fta,  furrounded  by  a  poor 


«  E  O 

country  j  but,  neverthelefs,  ezhibSt 
marks  of  growing  profperity. 

Georg£towm,  a  Urge  maritime  diiV 
trid  in  the  lower  country  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, fituated  in  the  S.  E.  comcf  of  the 
ftate  ;  bounded  N.  £.  by  the  ftate  of 
N.  Carolina,  S.  E.  by  the  ocean,  S.  W. 
by  Santee  river,  which  divides  it  frona 
Charlefton  diftrid,  and  N.  W.  by  Cam- 
deu  and  Cheraw  diftri(3:s.  It  ia  about 
J 12  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  63  irom  E. 
to  W.  and  is  divided  into  the  pariihet 
of  All  Saiots,  Prince  George,  and  Prince 
Frederick.  It  contains*  according  to 
the  cenfus  of  1790,  22,122  inhabitant^, 
of  whom  13,131  are  flaves.  It  fends 
to  the  ftate  legiflature  10  reprefentativet 
and  3  fenatorsi  and  pays  taxes  to  the 
amount  of /|,3585-i2-6. 

GfOROETOWN,  a  poft  tovim,  port  of 
entry,  and  capital  of  tlie  above  difttidt* 
is  fituated  on  a  fpot  near  which  feveral 
ftreams  unite  their  waters^  and  form  a 
broad  ftream  called  Winyaw  bay*  i» 
miles  from  the  fea.  See  Petle*  Rii>er» 
Its  fituation  connects  it  with  an  exten- 
ilve  back  country  of  both  the  CaroUnas, 
and  would  be  a  place  of  vaft  import- 
ance, were  it  not  for  a  bar  at  the  en- 
trance of  Winyaw  bay,  which  inter- 
rupts the  entrance  of  veflels  drawing 
above  ii  feet  water,  and  is  in  many  re- 
Ipeds  a  dangerous  place.  It  contains 
above  300  houfes,  built  chiefly  of  wood. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-houfe, 
gaol,  and  academy  ;  3  churches,  of 
which  the  Epifcopalians,  BaptiftSf  and 
Methodifts  have  one  each.  There  is 
here  a  fmall  *—.dj  to  the  Weft-Indies, 
The  exports  for  one  year,  ending  Sept, 
30,  1795,  were  to  the  vaiue  of  21,511 
dollars.  It  is  60  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Charlefton,  127  S.  W.  of  Wilmington, 
N.  Carolina,  and  681  from  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  33.  24.  W.  long.  79.  35.    . 

Georgia,  one  of  the  United  Sutes 
of  N.  America,  is  fituated  between  30. 
37<  and  35.  N.  lat.  and  between  80.  8. 
and  91.  8.  W.  long,  being  about  6o« 
nxiles  in  length,  and  on  an  average  a5* 
in  breadth.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean  ;  S.  by  E.  and  W.  Flo- 
rida i  W.  by  the  river  Miffifippi ;  N, 
E.  and  N.  by  S.  Cajolina  and  the  Ten- 
neflee  ftate.  It  was  formerly  divided 
into  parifhcs,  afterwards  into  ^  diftridts, 
but  lately  into  two  diftriils,  viz.  Upper 
and  Lower,  which  are  fubdivided  inta 
14  counties  aa  follow  :  la  the  Lower 

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Ailirlifl  arc  Camde 
Chatham,  Bryan,  ft 
Scriven,  and  Burke 
fhe  Upper  Diftritft 
Waihington,  Hanc 
lin,  Oglethorpct  £ 
coin,  Warren,  Jeff 
lock,  Columbia,  ar 
principal  towns  an 
the  feat  of  ^ovcmr 
foiTner  capital  of 
Brunfwick,  Frederi 
Louifville,  which  i 
the  ftate  ;  and  hei 
records  of  the  ftat 
late  legiflatiuT  ^d 
Ucly  burnt. 

The  principsd  i 
Georgia  are,  Savan 
k  from  S.  Carotin 
which  runs  parall 
and  Alatamaha,  wb 
the  others.  Befldc 
merous  branches,  t 
Little  Sitilla,  Great 
and  St.  Mary's,  wl 
the  fouthem  boun 
States.  The  river 
weftem  parts  will ' 
bead  cH  Georgia  W, 
thefe  are  fiored  w 
fifli,  as  rock,  mt 
trout,  drum,  bafs, 
and  fturgeon  ;  a 
goons  are  fnpplic 
ether  Ihell-fiifa,  < 
The  clams,  in  { 
their  meat  white. 
The  fhark  and  gr< 
inlatiable  canniba 
fome  to  the  Sflier 
or  marfli  is  Ekani 
Ouaquaphenogav 
hi  circumference. 

The  eaftem  par 
tl.£  .^oantabs  an 
rivers  Hannah 
of  country  more 
N.  to  S.  and  frot 
is  level,  without 
the  diftance  of 
from  the  fea  boa 
1iand3  begin  to  !> 
until  they  gradu 
The  vaft  chain  a 
palaehian  iriouot 
with  the  Kaats  ~ 
the  ftttc  <£  Ne 
Qtergia,  6d  mi 


,m 


<«» 


CtO 

iataia  arc  Camden,  Glvnn,  Liberty, 
Chatham,  Bryan,  M'Intolh,  Effingham, 
Scriven,  and  Burke.  The  counties  in 
the  Upper  DiftriA  are  Montgomery, 
Wafhington,  Hancock,  Greene,  Frank- 
Kn,  Oglethorpe,  filbert,  Wilkes,  Lin- 
coln, Warren,  Jefferfon,  Jackfon,  Bul- 
lock, Columbia,  and  Richmond.  The 
principal  towns  are  Augufta,  formerly 
the  feat  of  government.  Savannah,  the 
fonner  capital  of  the  ftate,  Sunbury, 
Brunfwick,  Fredcrica,  Wafhington,  and 
Louifville,  \(i)ich  in  the  metropolis  of 
the  ftate  ;  and  here  are  depofited  the 
records  of  the  ftate,  fuch  of  them  as  a 
late  legiflature  did  not  order  to  be  pub- 
licly burnt. 

The  princip^  rivers  which  water 
Georgia  are.  Savannah,  \9iaeh  feparates 
k  from  S.  Carolina  ;  Ogeechee  river, 
which  runs  parallel  with  the  former, 
and  Alatamaha,  which  runsparallel  vidth 
the  others.  Befldes  thefe  and  their  nu- 
merous branches,  there  is  Turtle  river. 
Little  Sitilla,  Great  Sitilla,  Crooked  R. 
and  St.  Mary's,  which  forms  a  part  of 
the  fouthem  boundary  of  the  United 
States.  The  rivers  in  the  middle  and 
weftem  parts  will  be  noticed  under  the 
head  of  Georgia  JVefiern  Territory.  All 
thefe  are  flored  wiui  a  great  variety  of 
fifl),  as  rock,  mullet,  whiting,  fhad, 
trout,  drum,  bafs,  catfilh,  white,  brim 
and  fturgeon  ;  and  the  bays  and  la- 
goons are  fupplied  with  oyfters,  and 
ether  Ihell-fifi),  crabs,  Ainmps,  &c. 
The  clams,  in  particular,,  are  large, 
their  meat  white,  tender,  and  delicate. 
The  fhark  and  great  black  ftingray  are 
infatiable  cannibals,  and  very  trouble- 
fome  to  the  Slhcrmen,  The  chief  lake 
or  marfh  is  Ekanfanoka,  by  fome  called 
Ouaquaphenogavtr,  which  is  300  miles 
in  circumference. 

The  eaftem  part  of  the  ftate,  between 
tl.£  .mountains  and  the  ocean,  and  the 
rivers  SaHrannah  and  St.  Mary's,  a  tradt 
of  country  more  than  lao  miles  from 
N.  to  S.  and  from  50  to  80  £.  and  W. 
is  level,  vrithout  a  hill  or  ftone.  At 
the  diftance  of  about  40  or  50  miles 
from  the  fisa  board,  or  fait  marlh,  the 
Iiuid3  begin  to  be  more  or  lefs  uneven, 
until  they  gradually  rife  to  mountains. 
The  vaft  chain  of  the  Alleghany  or  Ap- 
palachian iTiouDtains,  which  commence 
with  the  Kaats  Kill,  near  Hudfon  R.  in 
the  fhctc  of  New-York,  terminate  in 
€}torgia,  60  miles  9.  df  its  aorthem 


c  ta 


,!'■:: 


boundary.  From  the  foot  of  this  moni^-* 
tain  fpreads  a  wide  extended  plain,  of 
the  richeft  foil,  and  in  a  latitude  and' 
climate  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation- 
of  moft  of  the  produftions  of  the  fouth 
of  Enrope,  and  of  the  Eaft-Indics.  In- 
the  low  country,  near  the  rice  fwamps, 
bilious  complaints  and  fevers  of  various 
kinds  are  pretty  nnivcrfal,  during  the 
months  of  Jiily,  Augiiftr^  and  Septem- 
ber ;  but  the  fertility  of  the  foil,  and 
the  eafe  with  Which  it  is  improved,  arc 
a  fuilicient  indacement  to  fettlers,  and 
an  unfailing  fource  of  weafth.  Before 
the  iickly  feafon  approacbcR,  the  rich 
planters,' with  their  families,- remove  ta 
the  fca-ifland8,or  fome  elevated,  healthy 
fituation,  for  the  benefit  of  the  frefh  air* 
In  the  winter  and*  faring,  pleurideSf. 
peripneumonics,  and  other  inflamma- 
tory diforders,  occaffoncd  by  violent 
and  fudden  colds,  are  confiderably  com-- 
mon,'  and  frequently  fatal.  Confump- 
tions,  epilepfies,  cancers,  palfies,  and 
apoplexies,,  are  not  fo  common  among 
the  inhabitants  of  the  fouthem  as  north-' 
em  climates. 

The  wint*rs  in  Georgia  art  very  mJld^ 
and  pleafant.  Snow  is  feldom  or  nev- 
er feen  ;  nor  is  vegetation  often  pre- 
vented by  fevere  frofts.  Cattle  fubfift 
tolerably  well  during  the  winter,  feed- 
ing in  the  woods  and  favannas,  and  are 
fatter  in  that  feafon  than  in  any  other. 
In  the  hiUy  country,  which  begins  about 
50,  and  in  fome  places  100  miles,  firom 
the  fea,  the  air  is  pure  and  falubrious^ 
and  the  water  plenty  and  good.  From 
June  to  September  the  mercury  in  Fah- 
renheit's thermometer  commonly  fluc- 
tuates firom  76.  to  9c.  In  winter  from 
40.  to  60.  The  moft  prevailipg  winds 
are  S.  W.  and  E.  ;  in  winter  N".  W.- 
The  E.  wind  is  warmcft  in  winter  and 
cooleft  in  fummer.  The  S.  wind  in- 
fummer  and  fall  particularly,  is  damp,, 
fultry,  unelaftic,  and  of  courfe  un- 
healthy. In  the  S.  E.  parts  of  this  ftatc^ 
which  lie  vrithin  a  few  degrees  of  ther 
torrid  zone,,  the  atmofphere  is  kept  ii» 
motion  by  imprefTions  from  the  trader 
winds.  This  purifies  the  air  ;  fo  that 
it  is  found  to  have  falatary  eftedts  on 
confumptive  habits. 

In  the  low  lands  are  the  rice  fields. 
In  the  interior  and  hilly  parts,  wheat,, 
Indian  com,  and  the  other  proiduAion». 
more  common  to  the  northern  ftatcs. 
Bice  is  at  prefect  the  ftaple  ca(nmo<fity 


'  m\ 


,  t'«M'...  i 


rr^I' 


I 


i 


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GEO 

•f  the  ftate ;  tobacco,  wheat  .nnd  u>digo 
are  the  other  great  articles  of  produce. 
Befides  thefe  the  ftate  yields  cotton, 
(ilk,  com,  potatoes,  oranges,  figs,  olives, 
pomegranates,  &c.  The  forefts  confifl 
of  oak,  hickory,  mulberry,  pine,  cedar, 
tec.  The  whole  coaft  is  bordered  with 
iflands  ;  the  principal  of  which  are 
Skidaway,  WalTaw,  Oltabaw*  St.  Cath- 
erines, Sapclo,  Frcderica<  JekyI,  Cum- 
berland, &c*  Thefe  iflands  are  fur- 
xounded  by  navigable  creeks,  between' 
wliich  and  the  main  land  is  a  large  ex- 
tent of  fait  marfli,  fronting  the  whole 
ftate,  not  lefs,  on  an  average,  than  4  or 
5  miles  in  breadth,  interfeited  with 
creeks  in  various  direAions,  admitting, 
through  the  whole,  an  inland  naviga- 
tion, between  the  iflands  and  the  main 
land,  from  the  N.  E.  to  the  S.  E.  cor- 
ners of  the  ftate.  The  E.  fides  of  thefe 
iflands  are,  for  the  moft  part,  clean, 
hard,  Cindy  beaches,  expofed  to  the 
wafh  of  the  ocean.  Between  thefe 
iflands  are  the  entrances  of  the  rivers 
from  the  interior  country,  winding 
through  the  low  fait  marihes,  and  de- 
fivering  their  waters  into  the  founds, 
■which  form  capacious  harbors  of  from  3 
to  8  miles  over,  and  which  communi- 
cate with  each  other  by  parallel  fak 
creeks. 

The  foil  and  its  fertility  are  varionsj 
according  to  frtuation  and  different  im- 
provement. The  illands  in  their  natu- 
ral ftate  are  covered  with  a  plentiful 
growth  of  pine,  oak,  hickory,  live  oak 
fan  uncommonly  hard  and  very  valu- 
able wood]  and  fome  red  cedar.  The 
foil  is  amixture  of  fand  and  black  mould,- 
making  wliat  is  commonly  called  a  grey 
foil.  A  confiderable  part  of  it,  partic- 
ularly that  whereon  grow  the  oak,  hick- 
ory and  live  oak  is  very  rich,  and  yields 
•n  cultivation,  good  crops  of  indigo, 
cotton,  com,  &  potatoes.  The  foil  of  the 
main  land,  adjoining  the  marflies  and 
creeks  is  nearly  of  the  fame  quality 
with  that  of  the  iflands  :  except  that 
•which  borders  on  thofe  rivers  and 
creeks,  which  ftretch  far  back  into  the 
country.  On  thefe,  immediately  after 
you  leave  the  falts,  begin  the  valuable 
rice  fwamps,  which,  on  cultivation,  af- 
ford the  prefent  chief  ftaple  of  com- 
merce. 

The  foil  between  the  rivers,  after  you 
leave  the  fea  board,  and  the  edge  of  the 
fwamps,  at  the  diitance  of  %^  or  30 


eiS 


miles,  changes  from  a  grey  to.  a  fdi 
color,  on  which  grows  plenty  of  oak 
and  hickory,  with  a  confiderable  inter- 
mixtu-e  of  pine.  In  fome  places  it  it 
gravelly,  but  fertile,  and  fo  continues 
for  a  number  of  miles  gradually  deep-* 
ening  the  reddilh  color  of  the  earth,  till 
it  changes  into  vvhat  is  called  the  Mu-t 
latto  foil,  gonfifting  of  a  black  and  red 
earth.  The  Mulatto  lands  are  general- 
ly ftrong,  and  yield  large  crops  of 
wheat,  tobaccoi,  com,  &c.  To  this 
kind  of  land  fucceeds  by  turns  a  foil 
nearly  black  and  very  rich,-  on  which 
grow  large  quantities  of  black  walnut, 
mulberry,  &c.  This  fucceffion  of  dif- 
ferent foils  continues  uniform  and  reg* 
ular^  though  there  are  fome  large  veins 
of  all  the  different  foils  intermixed ;  and 
what  is  more  remarkable,  this  fucceflion, 
in  the  order  mentioned,  ftretches  acrofs 
this  ftate  nearly  parallel  with  the  fea 
coaft,  and  extendi  through  the  feveral 
ftate; .  nearly  in  the  fame  diredlion,  to 
the  banks  of  Hudfon  river. , 

Cotton  was  formerly  planted  here, 
only  by  the  poorer  clafe  of  people,  and 
that  only  for  family  ufe.  They  plant- 
ed two  kinds,  the  annual  and  the  fVfJ' 
Indian  ;  the  fonner  is  low,  and  planted 
every  year  ;  the  balls  are  large,  and  the 
phlox  long,  ftrong,  and  perfedtly  white. 
The  latter  is  a  tall  perennial  plant,  the. 
ftalk  fomewhat  fhrubby,  feveral  of 
which  rife  up  fi-om  the  root  fpr  feveral' 
years  fucceffiVely,  the  ftems  of  the  for- 
mer year  being  killed  by  the  winter 
frofts  Tbe  balls  of  the  Weft-India 
cotton  are  not  quite  fo  large  as  the  oth- 
er, but  the  phlox  or  wool  is  long,  ex- 
tremely fine,  filky  and  white.  A  plant- 
ation of  this  kind  will  laft  feveral  years,' 
with  moderate  labor  and  care.  The 
culture  of  cotton  is  now  much  more  at- 
tended to ;  feveral  indigo  planters  have 
converted  their  plantations  into  cotton 
fields.  A  new  fpecies  is  about  to  be. 
introduced  into  this  ftate,-  the  feed  of 
which  was  lately  brought  by  Capt. 
Jofiah  Roberts  from  Waitahoo,  one 
of  the  Marquefa  iflands  in  the  S.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  and  fent  to  a  gentleman  in 
Georgia  by  a  member  of  the  Hiftoricaf 
Society  in  Bofton.  This  cotton  is  of  a 
very  fine  texture,  and  it  is  e:itpeded 
will  prove  a  coniiderable  acquifition  to 
the  fouthern  ftates.  The  cotton  at 
prefertt  raifed  in  Greorgia,  is  diftingUiih- 
«d  by  fome  into  tw»  kindly  the  grwii 


CEO 


C£0 


^d  bhck  feed ;  the  former  is  planted  in 
imrVSPf  Cftmtryf  the  lattcron  the fea- 
ilhtidraad  ai^accint  lands*  and  was 
brought,  about  the  year  1788^  from  the 
Bahamas.  And  there  is  now  a  prof- 
pttt,  that  in  a  few  years  the  States  of 
S.  i*krolina  and  Geoi^a  may  be  able  to 
ran6  more  than  ten  millhnt  of  pounds 
of  cotton  aantolfy  for  exportation. 
Mbft  of  the  tropical  fruits  would  flour- 
ilh'inthis  Slate,  with  proper  attention. 
The  fouth-Weftern  part  of  this  State, 
and  the  parts  of  £aft  and  Weft  Florida, 
which  lie  adjoining^  will,  probably,  in 
fome  fiiture  time,  becoir.e  the  Tincyard  of 
America.    The  chief  ardcles  of  ex 

f»ort  are  rice,  tooicco,  indigo,  fagc 
nmber,  naval  rtores,  leather,  cleer-lkins, 
fnake-rooti  myrtle  and  bees  wax,  corn, 
and  lire  ftocki  Tlie  planters  and  farm- 
ers raifc  large  ftoclcs  of  cattle,  from 
1,000  to  1,^00  heaa,  and  fome  more. 
The  value  m  fterling  money,  of  the  ex* 
ports  of  Georgia,  in  the  year  1755,  was 
*5»744l;— in  177»>  I»i,677l.-7in  1791, 
♦alue    in    dollars    491,47a— -in    179a, 

458,973— in  I793>  501*3*3— in  i794» 
6>6,i54,  and  in  1796*  950,15?.  In 
i^9o,thetonnageeraployedin  this  State 
ivas  38,54c,  and  the  number  of  A- 
merican  feamen  iiyi%$.  \a  return  for 
her  exports  Georgia  receives  W.  India 
goods,  teas,  wines,  cloathing,  and  dry 
goods  of  all  kinds.  Prom  the  northern 
States^  cheefe,  filh,  potatoes,  apples,  ci- 
der, and  Ihoesi  The  imports  and  ex- 
ports ar^  princifjiall-y  to  and  from  Savan- 
nah, which  has  a  fine  harbour,  and  is  the 
|>lace  where  the  principalcommercial  buf- 
inefs  of  the  State  is  tranik(5led.  Accord- 
ing to  the  cen(iis  of  1 790,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  amounted  to  84,^48,  of 
whom  «9,»64  were  flaves.  The  increafe 
by  immigration  and  otherwife,  has  been 
very-conuderable  fine*.  The  different 
religious  fefts  are  Prefbyterians,  Epifco- 
palians,Baptift$,andMethodifts.  They 
bare  but  tew  regular  minifters  among 
them.  The  cidlens  of  Georgia  have 
lately  revilisd  and  altered  their  conitito- 
tion,  and  formed  it  upon  a  plan  (Imilar 
to  the  federal  Conftitntion  of  the  United 
States;  The  literature  of  this  State, 
which  it  Yet  in  its  infancy,  is  commenc- 
inr  on  a  plan  which,  if  ever  carried  imo 
tm&t  will  be  very  advanugeous  to  the 
Sute.  A  college  with  ample  and  liber- 
al eodowmeats,  is  ioftituted  in  Louif- 
vili«,  »  h^h  uA  healthy  pvt  of  the 
•  ■■--  • *-  C2»J 


cotmtrYj  near  the  centre  of  the  State. 
There  is  alfo  provilion  made  for  the  m-  - 
ftitution  of  an  academy  in  each  countyt  * 
of  the  State,  to  be  fupported  from  th«^ 
fame  funds,  and  confidered  as  parts  and 
members  of  the  fame  inftitution,  under 
the  general  fuperintendance  and  direc- 
tion  of  a  prefident  and  board  of  trufJ 
tees,  felefted  for  their  literary  accom- 
plilhments  from  the  different  parts  of 
the  State,  and  invefted  with  the  cuftom* 
ary  powers  of  corporations.  Thisin- 
ftitution  is  denominated  The  Vniverfttf 
of  Georgia i  The  funds  for  the  fupport 
of  literary  inftitutions  are  principally 
in  lands,  amounting  in  the  whole  to 
50jOoo  acres,  a  great'  part  of  which  is 
of  the  beft  quality/  and  at  prefcnt  venf 
valuable  \  together  with  nearly  6000U 
fterling  in  bonds,  boufes,  and  town  lots 
in  Auguftaj  Other  public  property  to 
the  amount  of  loool.  in  each  county^  ha!« 
been  fet  apart  for  tl«  purpofes  of  build* 
ing  and  fumifhing  their  refpeftive  acad.< 
emies.  The  funds  originally  dedgned 
to  fupport  the  literary  orphan-houfe, 
founded  by  the  Rev.  George  Whitefield, 
are  chiefly  in  rice  plantations  and  ne^* 
groes*  On  the  death  of  the  Counted 
of  Huntingdon,  to  whom  Mr.  White* 
field  bequeathed  this  property,  as  truf^ 
teey  the  legiflature,  in  the  year  1792* 
palled  a  law  vefting  it  ift  13  commif- 
iiooers,  with  powers  to  carry  the  orig." 
inal  intention  of  Mr.  Whitefield  inttf 
execution )  and  in  compliment  to  th« 
Countefs,  the  feminary  is  ftyled  Hunt* 
ingdon  College* 

This  State  was  firft  fettled  in  the  yea* 
173a,  and  was  the  only  colony  fettled 
at  the  expenfe  of  the  crown. 

GEORGtA  Western  Terjiitory- 
Under  this  name  is  included  all  that  p;uc 
of  the  State  of  Georgia  which  lies  weft  of 
the  head  waters  ot  thofe  rivers  which 
fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  This  exi 
ten  five  tradt  of  country  embraces  fom<» 
of  the  fineft  land  in  the  United  States,  is 
interfered  with  a  great  number  of  no- 
ble rivers,  which  may  be  feen  by  an  in- 
fpe<flion  of  the  map,  and  is  inhabited 
(except  fuch  p.irts  wherein  the  Indian 
title  has  been  exUnguiihed)  by  three  nn* 
tions  of  Indians,  viz.  the  Muikogtilge  or 
Creek,  the  Chadlaws,  and  Chicafaws* 
The  Cherokees  alfo  have  a  title  to  4 
fmall  portion  of  the  northern  part  of 
this  territory,  on  the  Tenodfee  river. 
Thefe  ot^oa^  togjcther  can  fumifh  be^ 

twee».  : 


i 


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v->MMrt»  ^«^i£tL' ■  >*!.  ^il 


«-*— ^.J— ''-^■-*--      '   ^  t^  A^.,.At,M 


mmmmm'm' 


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5  £  O 

tween  8  and  9000  warriors.  About  aodo 
i'amilies  of  white  people  inhabit  thofe 
parts  of  this  territory  where  the  Indian  ti- 
tle has  been  extingui(1icd,  chiefly  at  the 
Natche?,  and  the  Yazoo  river,  on  the 
banksof  the  Miniiippi,and  a  confidcrable 
number  on  the  Tombigbee  river,  and  Icat- 
teicd  among  the  Crecii  Indians.  This 
territory,  for  reafons  which  will  here- 
after appear,  has  lately  become  an  ob* 
jedV  of^much  public  attention  and  in- 
quiry, in  Europe,  as  well  as  in  the  Uni- 
.ted  States  {  and  on  this  account,  the 
following  defcription  of  it  and  ftatement 
of  fa«5f8  relative  to  the  fale  of  certain 
parts  uf  it,  and  the  claims  of  the  United 
"States,  &c.  have  been  colledled  and  ar. 
ranged  with  great  care  from  the  moll 
authentic  fources  that  can  be  obtained, 
and  given  under  this  head  fpr  the  infor- 
mationof  tlie  public,*  This  Territory, 
lying  between  the  31ft  and  35th  de- 
grees of  N.  latitude,  is  not  fubjet^t  to  the 
extremes  o*"  heat  or  cold  ;  the  climate 
is  temperat  and  delightful  tlirough  the 
year  ;  and  except  in  low  grounds,  ai^d 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Itagnant  wa> 
ters,  is  very  healthfitl.  White  frpfts, 
and  fometimes  thin  ice,  have  been  fcen 
as  far  S.  as  the  3iil  degree  of  latitude ; 
but  fnow  is  very  uncommon  ip  any  part 
pfthis  territory.  A  perfon  refidmg  at 
the  Natchez  writes  to  his  friend,  in  the 
eaftern  part  of  Georgia,  that "  this  coun- 
try affords  the  beft  ipring  water  }  eve- 
ry perfon  almoft  is  in  blooming 
healtJi."f    Others  who  have  vifited  it, 

#  The  fources  whence  the  author  has  derived  his 
Intormation,  in  drawing  up  the  following  account, 
arc  Ca|it.  I'homus  Hutcliins's  "Hiftorical  narrative 
»nd  tO|iograpliical  defcription  of  Louifiana  and 
Weft-Klorida,"  comiircliending  alfo  many  of  tjie 
livers  and  fettlements  in  the  Georgia  Wtlieni  Ter- 
ritory ;  pubHflxed  iti  1784.  Private  Ictti-rs  and 
jnur:>a!? ;  minutes  taken  from  verbal  defcriptioni 
of  gciultini'ii  of  verai.ity  and  intelligence  who 
have  r'-lided  in  that  cnuntry.  The  journals  and 
laws  ol  the  State  of  Georgia— .'itate  papers,  and 
Reports  both  printed  an>l  M.  i>.  of  Conetcrs,  and 
ofAj^i;ntsol  the  fevcral  companies  who  have  pur- 
cUalcd  lands  in  this  territory. 

f  The  letter  lierc  alluded  to  contains  the  follow- 
Inp  paraprapho  :  "  Our  navigation  is  excellent ;  our 
high  landn  preferable  to  Beach  Illand,t  when  in  its 
bloom  ;  ilciik  is  as  e*fy  come  at  as  wlicre  you  are  ; 
lamls  are  riling  faft,  and  I  expert  will  be  very  high 
]n  a  few  years.  Tbe  canes  in  common,  on  the  high 
lanii'i,  Iart;er  than  in  the  riyer-fwamps,  [meaning  in 
tl-caliern  part  of  Georgia]  from  101035  feet  hiijli, 
at!d  upwards,  nnd  in  many  plac;,s  (land  lo  tliitlc,  that 
<ine  tan  fcarccly  walk  a  mile  in  half  an  hour.  Some 
fanillies  uiijft  tie  cr.mini;  to  this  moil  flourifhing 
country  in  the  world.  I  with  you  to  advlfe  any  or  : 
niv  ri:htion'.  you  ice  to  con\c  with  all  ha(te ;  if  they 
tahgit  111  rc,'s:id  are  turned  out  naked  in  the  world, 
in  one  year  tht;y  might  be  iixed  again.    I  am  fure 

t  Ai'vditig  to  a  remarkably  fertile  ifland  in  tkee^- 
trnpart  i/Gtr.rgij,  inthenctghhourhociinf  tbcvril- 
er'i  ccrr-fi'or.i(i.t,  and  ■u'iib  wbict  betb  Vjtrc  Vidl  - 


GEO 

fay  of  that  part  of  the  territory  which 
borders  on  the  Miflifippi,  that  **  the 
water  is  good  for  ao  miles  bacll>from 
the  river,  and  the  country  hejjJthy  and 
pleafant,  and  of  all  others  that  they 
have  feen  the  vao&  defiiablc,"  Mr. 
Hutchins,  fpeaking  of  the  fame  traft, 
fays,  "theglimate  is  healthy  and  tem- 
perate, the  country  delightful  and  wdl 
watered,  and  the  profped  is  beautiful 
and  extenlive ;  variegated  by  many  in- 
equalities, and  fine  meadows,  feparated 
by  innumei;able  copfesj  the  trees  of 
which  are  of  different  limps,  but  moft- 
ly  of  walnut  and  oak,  The  elevated, 
open,  and  airy  lituatiqn  pf  this  country, 
renders  it  Icfs  liable  to  fevers  and.  agues 
(tlic  only  diforders  ever  known  i,n  its 
neighbourhood)  than  fome  other  parts 
bordering  pn  die  Miflilippi,  where  the 
want  of  a  fulHcient  defccnt  to  convey 
the  waters  off,  occafions  numbers  of 
ftagnant  ponds  whofe  exhalations  wfetl 
the  air."  Another  traveller  defcribeq 
the  country  between  the  Tombigbee 
and  the  Coofa  and  Alabama  as  being 
healthy,  well  watered  with  many  pleal- 
ant  rivulets,  affording  delightful  fitut: 
tions  for  fettlcments,  and  the  water 
pure  and  very  gQod|. 

To  give  a  juft  view  of  the  rivers,  and 
to  afcertain  the  advantages  derived 
from  them  to  this  Territory,  it  is  necef- 
fary  to  trace  them  from  their  moudis 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  ft^ilElippi 
bounds  this  territory  on  the  W.  The 
free  navigation  of  this  noble  river  is  now 
enjoyed  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  Uni- 
ted States.  It  empties,  by  feveral  mouths 
of  different  depths,  from  9  to  i6  feet, 
into  the  Gulf  of  Me:(ico,  in  about  lat. 
39  N.  The  bars  at  the  moudi  of  this 
river  frequently  fhift ;  after  paffing  them 
into  the  river,  there  is  from  3  to  10  fath- 
oms of  water,  as  far  as  the  S.  W.  pal's ; 
and  thence  to  the  Miffouri,  a  diflance  of 
1,142  computed  miles,  from  la,  15,  ao, 
and  30  fathoms  is  the  general  depth. 

In  afcending  the  MifTifippi  there  are 
extenfive  natural  meadows,  with  a  proi- 
ped  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  each 
fide,  the  diflance  pf  3a  miles,  to  a  place 

called 

cpuld  I  have  time  to  fay  as  much  as  I  wUh  to  fay, 
ynj  would  be  with  me  this  fall.  I  could  venture  to 
aininit  promile,  if  you  would  be  wiie  and  come,  to 
make  good  any  defieientes  vou  might  And  in  the 
plaie.'*^  The  Author  is  in  poffcflion  of  tbe  origlnat 
letter,  above  mentioned,  which  lus  every  mark  of 
authenticity ;  and  tlic  above  extra£lji  are  infertcd, 
as  containing  the  fimple,  honett  defcription  of  % 
plain  fanner ;  and  on  which  more  dependence  Is  t* 
rr  placi-d,  than  on  the  molt  clahoiatc  and  elegant 
delcripUans,  (if  jutCiCtUJ  itt«iivi«luil«, 


e^led  Detour-aux-Plaquemines,  in  W. 
f'lorida.  Thence  ao  miles  to  the  fet- 
tlcmilits,  the  banks  are  low  and  marll)y, 
generally  overflowed  and  covered  with 
thick  wood,  palmetto  bulhcs,  &c.  appa- 
rently impenetrable  by  man  pr  bcaft. 
Thence  to  Detour-dcs-Anglois,  at  the 
jjend  of  the  river,  the  banks  are  well 
iphabited  ;  as  alfo  from  hence  to  New- 
Orleans  1 8  miles,  which  diftance  there 
is  a  good  foad  for  carriages.  VelTels 
pafsfrom  the  mouth  of  mis  riyer  to 
Kcw-Orleans  105  miles,  in  7  or  8  days, 
commonly ;  fometimes  in  3  or  4, 

From  Ne\v- Orleans,  the  capital  of 
Louifiana,  there  is  an  eafy  communica- 
tion with  ■yVeft-Florida  by  Bayouk 
<[^reelc,  which  is  a  •W4tcr  of  lake  Ponch- 
artrain,  navigable  for  veflels  drawing 
four  feet  water,  fijr.  piles  up  from  the 
lake,  to  a  landing-place  two  miles  from 
New-Orleans.  For  nearly  50  miles,  as 
you  proceed  lip  the  river,  both  its  banks 
are  fetded  and  highly  cultivated,  in 
part  by,emigrants  from  Germany,  who 
furnifli  the  market  with  indigo  of  a  fu- 

Eerior  (Quality,  cotton,  rice,  beans,  myr- 
e  wax,  ana  lumber.  In  1762,  feme 
rich  planters  attempted  the  cultivation 
of  canes  and  the  makiiig  of  iugar,  and 
ereded  mills  for  the  p^^po^e.  J  his  fu- 
gar  was  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
fome  of  the  crops  were  laige  ;  bjjt 
fome  winters  proving  fo  fevere  as  to  kill 
the  canes,  no  dependence  can  be  placed 
on  the  culture  of  that  article. 

The  fettlements  of  the  Acadians, 
which  were  begun  in  the  year  1763, 
extend  on  both  ndes  of  the  river,  from 
the  Germans,  to  th^  riyer  Ibberville, 
\vhich  is  99  miles  aboye  !Ncw-Orleans, 
and  270  troni  Penfacola,  by  way  of 
lakes  Ponchar^rain  and  Maurepas. 

At  Point  Coupee,  35  miles  above  the 
Ibberville,  are  fettlements  extending 
ao  miles  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  river, 
which,  30  years  ago,  had  a,ooo  white 
inhabitants,  jwid  7,000  (laves,  who  were 
employed  in  the  cultivation  of  tobacco, 
indigo,  Indian  corn,  Sec.  fox  the  New- 
Orloans  market,  which  they  furnifhcd 
alfo  with  poultry,  and  abundance  of 
iquared  timber,  ftaves,  &«:, 

Mr.  HutchiVis,  from  his  peifonal 
l^nowledge,  delcribes  the  country  on 
both Titles  of  the  Miflifippi,  between  the 
latitudes  30  and  3 1 ,  bordering  on  Geor- 
gia, as  follows  : 

"  Although  this  country  might  pro- 
(iuce  4II  the  valuable  articles  raifed  in 


0  5  0 

other  parts  of  the  globe,  fituated  in  thp 
fame  latitudes,  yet  the  inhabitants  prin- 
cipally  cultivate  indigo,  rice,  tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  and  fome  wheat ;  and  they 
raife  large  flocks  of  black  cattle,  horfes, 
mules,  hogs,  fhecp,  and  poultry.  The 
Ihcep  are  faid  to  make  the  fweeteil 
mutton  in  the  world.  The  black  cattle, 
when  fat  enough  for  fale,  which  they 
commonly  are  the  year  round,  are  driv- 
en aciofs  the  country  to  New-Orleans» 
where  there  is  always  a  good  mark^et. 

This  country  is  pi  incipally  timoered 
with  all  the  different  kinds  of  oak,  but 
njollly  with  live-oak,  of  the  largell  and 
beft  quality,  uncommonly  large  cyprefs, 
black  walnut,  hickory,  wliite  afh,  cher- 
ry, plum,  poplar  trees,  and  grape  vines ; 
here  is  found  alfo  a  great  variety  of 
flirubs  and  medicinal  roots.  The  lands 
bordering  the  rivers  and  lakes,  are  gene- 
rally well  wooded, but  jita  fmall  diltance 
from  them  arc  very  extenlive  natyiral 
meadows,  or  lavannas,  of  the  moft  lux- 
uriant foil,  compofcd  of  a  black  mould, 
i^bout  one  and  a  half  feet  deep,  vei-y 
looie  and  rich,  occafioned  in  part,  by 
the  frequent  burning  of  the  favannas  ; 
below  the  black  moiild  is  a  ftiff  clay  of 
different  colours.  It  is  fai4,  this  clay, 
after  being  expofed  fome  time  to  the 
fun,  becomes  fo  hard,  that  it  is  difficult 
either  to  break  or  bend,  but  when  wet 
by  a  light  fliowcr  of  rain,  it  flackens  ii^ 
the  lame  manner  as  lime  does  when  ex- 
pofed to  moifture,  and  becomes  loofe 
and  moulders  away,  after  \vhich  it  is 
found  excellent  for  vegetation." 

After  pafling  the  31ft  degree  of  N, 
lat.  from  W.  Florida  into  Georgia,  you 
enter  what  is  called  the  Natchez  Counr 
try,  bordering  on  the  Miffifippi.  Fort 
Rofailie,  in  this  country,  is  in  lat.  31  40, 
a4j  miles  aboye  Ne\v-Qrle?.ns. 

"  The  foil  of  this  country  is  fuperior 
to  any  of  the  lands  on  the  borders  of 
the  river  Miflilipni,  for  the  produtftion  cf 
many  articles.  Its  fituation  being  high- 
er, affords  a  greater  v;iriety  of  foil,  an4 
is  in  a  more  tavourable  climate  for  the 
growth  of  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  &c. 
than  die  country  lower  down,  and 
nearer  to  the  fea.  The  ^bil  alfo  produ- 
ces in  equal  abundance,,  Indian  corn, 
rice,  hemp,  flax,  indigo,  cotton,  pot- 
herbs, pulli:  of  every  kind,  and  palfur- 
age ;  and  the  tobacco  made  here,  is 
eftccmed  prefcfable  to  any  cultivated  in 
other  parts  of  America.  Hops  grow 
wild ;  all  kinds  of  Jiuni^can  fi  \xM^  arrivi; 


» ■.  I 


%\, 


III 


va 


(VEO 


6Kd 


li- 


te iJp'eat  perfciUortf  and  no  part  of  the 
known  world  is  more  favourable  for  thie 
riifiiig  of  evefy  kind  of  ftock.  The 
rifing  grounds,  which  are  cloathed  with 
Crafs  and  other  herbs  of  the  fineft  ver- 
dure, are  well  adapted  to  the  cuU 
tiire  of  vines  s  the  mulberry  trees  are 
very  numerous,  and  the  winters  fuffici- 
ehtly  moderate  for  the  breed  of  lilk 
wbrms.  Clay  of  different  colour;;,  fit 
fbr  glafs  works  and  pottery,  is  found 
here  in  great  abundance  >  and  alfo  a 
Variety  of  Itatcly  timber,  fit  for  houfe 
and  Hiip  building.  Sic." 

Another  oentleman,  well  informed,* 
ftys,  ♦•  The  lands  on  the  MifHGppi,  ex- 
tending eaftward  about  lo  miles,  are 
hilly,  without  ftonesor  fand,  extremely 
rich,  of  adeep  black  foil,  covered  thicK 
witli  canes,  white  and  black  oak,  walnut, 
hickory,  afh,  fome  fugar  maple,  beech, 
and  dogwood  ;  that  tnere  are  very  few 
ftreartis  or  fprings  of  water  ;  that  the 
water  is  not  good,  and  taftes  as  if  im- 
pregnated with  fulphur  ;  that  the  coun- 
try is  much  infefted  with  infefts ;  that 
the  land  is  high  and  bluff  three-fourths 
of  the  diftanoc  along  the  river  MifliGppi, 
and  a  part  overflowed  and  drowned." 
But  it  is  apprehended  that  this  defcrip- 
tion  is  not  peffctaly  juft,  fo  far  as  it  ap- 
plies to  the  fcarcity  and  bjidnels  of  the 
watery  as  a  gentleman  of  refpe«5lable 
charaiter,  who  rcfided  9  months  at  the 
ISt^tchez,  fays,  "  The  lands  on  tlie  Mif- 
fidppi  are  more  level,  and  better  water- 
ed, than  is  above  reprefented  ;  and  that 
the  water  is  good,  and  the  country 
healthy  arid  remarkably  pleafant." 

This  country  was  once  famous  fot  its 
inhahitatfts,  the  Natchez  Indians ',  who, 
from  their  great  mimbers,  and  the  im- 
proved ftate  of  fociety  among  them, 
were  confidcred  as  the  moft  civilized 
Indians  on  the  continent  of  America. 
Nothing  now  remains  of  this  nation  but 
their  name,  by  which  their  country 
continues  to  he  called.  The  diftrid  of 
the  Natchez,  as  well  nr?  all  along  the 
eaftem  bank  of  the  MilTifippi  to  thj  riv- 
er Ibberville,  was  fettling  very  fall  by 
emigrations  from  the  northern  States,  till 
the  capture  of  the  Britifli  troops  on  the 
Mi/fifippi,  17 79,  put  an  entire  ilop  to  it. 

"  From  fort  Kofailie  to  the  Petit  Gou- 
fre  is  3i{  mile"!.  There  is  a  firm  rock 
on  the  eaft  lidi;  of  the  Miflilipp:  for 
rear  a  mile,  which  feems  to  bs  of  tbi? 
nature  of  lime-ftone.    The  land  acir 

«  Ur.  I£uc  Pcrrf,  of  Burke  county,  Georgli. 


the  riyer  is  much  broken  and  rti-y  Jiigfa^ 
with  a  good  foil,  and  feverai  plantJtfions 
on  it.  From  the  Petit  Ooufife  to  Money' 
river,  is  4^  miles.  From  the  mouth  tor 
what  is  called  the  f6rk  of  this  river,  is 
conrpnted  to  be  ax  miles.  In  this  dii^ 
tance  there  are  feverai  (Juarriett  of  ftone^ 
and  the  land  hiis  a  clay  foil,  with  gravet 
on  the  furface  of  the  ground.  On  the 
nofth  fide  of  this  river,  the  land  in  gen- 
eral is  low  and  rich  )  that  on  the  Ibuth 
fide  is  nmch  higher,  but  broken  into* 
hills  and  Vales ;  but  here  the  low  land) 
are  not  often  overflowed;  both  fides 
are  fhadcd  with  a  variety  of  ufeful  tim* 
ber.  At  the  fork»  the  river  parts  al« 
inoft  at  riaht  angles,  and  the  lands  be- 
tween and  on  each  fide  of  thein  are 
faid  to  be  clay  and  marl  fori,  not  fo  un- 
even as  the  lands  on  this  river  lowef 
down.  From  Stoney  river  to  Loufa 
Ghitto,  or  Big  Black  nrer,  is  10  miles. 
This  river,  at  the  mouth,  if  about  39 
yards  wide,  but  within,  from  30  to  (6 
yards,  and  is  faid  to  be  nivigable  tor 
canoes  30  or  40  leagues.  About  a  milef 
and  a  half  up  this  river,  the  high  lands 
are  clofe  on  th«  tiglit,  and  are  much 
broken.  A  mile  and  a  half  further, 
the  high  lands  appeaf  ag^n  on  the 
right,  where  there  are  feverai  n>nnKS 
ofwater,  but  none  as  yet  have  been  dif- 
covered  on  the  left.  At  about  8  miles 
further,  the  high  lands  are  near  the  riv- 
er, on  the  lef^  and  apDear  to  be  the 
famp  range  that  comes  from  the  Yazoo' 
cliffs.  At  fix  miles  further^  the  high 
lands  are  near  the  river  on  both  fides, 
and  continue  for  two  or  three  miles, 
but  broken  and  full  of  fprfaigs  of  water. 
This  land  on  the  left  was  chofen  by 
Gen.  Putnam,  Capt.  Enos,  Mr.  Lyman, 
and  other  New-England  adventurers, 
as  a  proper  place  tor  a  town  i  and,  by 
order  of  the  governor  and  council  of 
Weft-Florida,  m  «773»  it  was  referved 
for  the  capitaU  The  country  round  is 
very. fit  for  fettlements.  For  four  or 
five  miles  above  this  place,  on  both 
fides  of  the  river,  the  land  is  rich,  and 
not  fo  much  drowned,  nor  fo  uneven, 
as  fome  parts  lower  drnm.  About  fix 
miles  and  a  half  further,  there  is  a  rap- 
id water,  (tones  and  gravel  bottom,  i6o 
yards  in  length;  ana  in  one  place  a 
firm  rock  almoft  acrofs  the  river,  and 
as  much  of  it  bare,  when  the  water  is 
at  a  moderate  height,  as  confines  the 
ftream  to  nearly  »o  feet ;  and  the  chan- 
nel is  about  four  feet  deep.     # 

From 


6  to 

Trom  the  Loufa  Chitfo  to  the  Yazoo 
Cliffs,  is  40  miles.    From  this  clifF  the 
liigh  kinds  lie  north-eaftward  and  ibuth< 
ibuth-caftward,  bearing  off  from  the 
liver,  full  of  cane  and  rich  foil,  even  on 
the  very  highcll  ridges.    Jiift  at  tho  8. 
end  of  the  cliffs,  the  uank  is  low,  where 
the  water  of  the  Miffifippi,  when  high, 
flows  back  ahd  runs  between  the  bank 
and  high  land,  which   ranges  nearly 
northerly  and  fouth-fouth-ealtei ly  to  the 
Loufa  Chitte,  occafioning  much  wet 
(ground,  cyprcfs  fwannp,  and  ilagnant 
ponds.    From  the  Cliffs,  is  feven  miles 
and  a  half  to  the  river  Yazoo.    The 
moi'.th  of  this  river  is  upwards  of  loo 
yards  in  width,  and  was  found  by  Mr. 
Caul  to  be  in  lat.  31  37,  and  by  Mr.  Pur- 
cell  in  3a  a8N.    The  water  of  the  Milfi- 
(ippi,  when  the  river  is  high,  runs  up  the 
Yazoo  I'everal  miles,  and  empties  itfelf 
again  by  a  number  of  chaoncls,  which 
direct  their  courlb  acrofs  the  country, 
and  fall  in  abovf  tiie  Walnut  Hills.    I  he 
Yazoo  runs  from  the  N.  E.  and  glides 
tiirough  a  healthy,  fertile  and  plcaiant 
country,  greatly  refcnibling  tliat  about 
the  Natchez,  particularly  in  the  luxuri- 
ancy  and  divcility  of  its  foil,  variety  of 
timber,  temperature  of  climate,  and  de- 
lightful htuation.    It  is  remarkably  well 
watered  by  fprings  and  brooks  ;  many 
of  the  latter  afford  convenient  feats  tor 
mills.    Further  up  this  river  the  canes 
are  lefs  frequent,  and  linaller  in  lize, 
and  at  the  diltance  of  10  miles  there  arc 
Icarcely  any.    Here  the  country  is  cleat 
of  under-wood,  and  well  watered,  and 
the  foil  very  rich,  which  continues  to 
the  Chadaw  and  Chicl;afaw  towns,  on 
the  ealtern  and  north-wellern  branches 
iif  Yazoo  river.    1  htle  branches  unite 
50  miles  from  the  Mi/lilippi,  following 
the  courfe  of  the  river )  the  navigation 
to  their  jundlioh,  commonly  called  the 
Fork,  is  pradicable  with  very  large  boats 
in  the  Ijpring  feafon,  and  with  fmaller 
ones  a  confiderable  wa/  fiirther,  with 
the  interruption  of  but  one  fall,  where 
ihey  are  obliged  to  make  a  (hort  port- 
:ige,  JO  miles  up  the  N.  W.  branch,  and 
70  miles  from  the  Milfifippi.  'Ihc  coun- 
try in  which  the  Chadaw  and  Chicka- 
faw  towns  are  fituated,  is  laid  to  be  as 
healthy  as  any  part  of  the  continenr, 
the  natives'  fcarcely  ever  being  (ick. 
^?uch  of  tliem  as  frequent  the  Milfifippi, 
leave  its  banks  as  the  fummer  approach- 
es, left  they  might  partake  of  the  fevers 
tha^  lomctinies  vilit  the  low,  fwampy 

lAAl] 


GEO 

lands  bordering  upon  that  river.  Wheat« 
it  is  faid,  yields  better  at  the  Yazoo  than'^ 
at  the  Natchez,  owing  probably  to  its 
more  nortlicrn  iiiuation.  One  voi  y  con- 
iiderable  advantage  will  attend  the  fct- 
tlers  on  the  river  YazOt),  which  thofe  at 
the  Naichcz  will  be  deprived  of,  with- 
out going  to  a  great  expenfe  ;  that  is^/ 
the  building  with  itone,  there  being 
great  plenty  near  the  Yazoo,  but  none 
has  yet  been  difcovercd  nearer  to  the 
Natchez  than  the  Petit  Goufre,  or  Little^' 
Whirlpool,  a  diftancc  of  about  31  miles. 
Between  this  place  and  the  Balize,  there 
is  not  a  Hone  to  be  feen  any  where  near 
the  river.     Though  the   <iuantity  of 
good  land  on  the  Millifippi  and  its 
branches,  from  the  Bay  of  Mexico  to 
the  river  Ohio,  a  diftance  of  nearly  one 
thoufand  miles,  is  vaftly  great,  and  the 
conveniences  attending  it ;  fo  likewife 
we  may  efteem  that  in  the  neighbour-^, 
lu)od  of  the  Natchez,  and  of  the  river  ^' 
Yazoo,  tlie  flower  of  it  ail. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  up  the  Yazoo 
river,  on  the  N.  fide,  there  is  a  large 
creek,  which  communicates  with  the 
Mifljlippi  above  the  livur  St.  Francis,  a- 
bout  ICO  leagues  higher  v.p,  by  tho 
courfe  of  the  liver.  It  pafl'es  through 
feveial  lakes  by  the  way.  At  the  ihl- 
tance  of  i»  miles  from  the  mouth  cf  the 
river  Yazoo,  on  the  S.  lide,  arc  the  Ya- 
zoo hills.  There  is  a  cliff  of  folid  rock 
at  the  landing  place,  on  w  liich  are  a  va- 
riety of  broken  pieces  of  fca-(helis,  and 
fome  entire.  Four  miles  further  up,  is 
the  place  called  the  Ball  Ground,  near 
which  a  church,  fort  St.  Peter,  and  a 
French  fettlement,  foimeriy  llood. 
They  were  deftroycd  by  the  Yazoo  In- 
dians in  1729. 
tirely  cxtintjt." 

From  about  30  miles  ealiward  of  the 
Miflilippi,  to  llulf  way  or  Pcail  nvor, 
the  diftance  of  about  60  niilc3,  (fomo 
fay  lefs)  is  "  a  tine,  level  country,  very 
tortile,  and  better  watered  than  nearer 
the  Miffiiippi.  There  is  ibme  mixture 
of  fand  with  loan),  the  timber  the  lame, 
with  the  addition  ot  black-jack,  and 
poft-oak.  This  traft  is  interfperfedwith 
what  the  French  call  Pniirky  or  Sava/!' 
nas,  which  are  cxtcniiye  intervals  ot 
1,000  and  a,ooo  acres  of  excellent  land, 
ofa  deep  black  foil,  hee  of  all  timber 
and  trees.  It  is  this  kind  of  land  w  hich 
the  Indiarts  c\iltivate.  From  the  MilFi-' 
fippi  to  this  river,  there  are  no  Indians." 
To  a  ti  aft  of  this  country,  extending 

aionji 


That  nation  13  nyv;  en- 
[Hutdi/ii.] 


lri'% 


1^ 


m 


O  EG 


OE  9 


lllllii 


along  the  Minifippi  from  the  3 xft  de- 
gree of  latitude  to  the  Yiizuu  river,  at 
th«  S.  endf  30  miles  wide,  and  narrow- 
io|{  as  you  proceed  northerly  to  the 
width  ot  IS  miles,  the  Indian  title  has 
been  extin^uifhcd.  It  was  at  firlk  pur- 
chafcd  by  the  KngliQi ;  but  they,  not 
having  completed  the  payment  tor  it, 
kefore  it  fell  irito  the  hands  of  the 
Spaniards,  they,  (ilie  Spaniards)  in  the 
•year  x^flai  p^io  tiie  balance.  At  Wal- 
nut Hills,  the  Spaniards  have  a  fort, 
uhich»  according  to  treaty,  is  to  be 

8ivcn  up  C>f  uot  already  done)  to  the 
(uited  States.  To  the  country  N.  of 
the  Yazoo,  the  Indian  title  is  not  yet 
cxtingui/hed.  About  one  half  of  tiie 
£(>uthern  park,  a  diAancc  of  about  (O 
i^iiles  up  the  Yazoo,  is  owned  by  the 
Cha(5laws,  the  northern  half  by  the 
Chickafaws."  The  gentleman  who 
gives  the  above  ir^orination,  and  who 
was  in  ''lis  country  in  the  year  1791, 
feys,  *'  that  the  Yazoo  is  about  90  yards 
yide ;  is  boatable  100  miles ;.  that  he 
eroded  the  country  by  different  routes, 
3  or  4  times  from  the  MiiUfippi  to  the 
Tombigbee ;  pafl'ed  over  the  Yazoo  lev- 
cral  times ;  went  up  and  down  the  river 
on  the  fbore,  and  fays  that  the  lands 
to  the  E,  of  the  Yazoo  (tlie  diftance 
of  about  100  taUes)  are  very  excel- 
lent." 

Pearl  river  ts  about  40  yards  wide  ^  a 
branch  of  it  paffingE.of  theNatchezand 
ncarelt,  io  Coxe's  map,  bears  tlve  name 
ufButfaloe  river.  On  the  E,  fide  of 
Pearl  river,  commence  the  Cha^w  fet- 
tienients,  and  extend  thick  to  the  Chick- 
afaw  Hay  rivec  ;  thence,  about  40  nuies 
eaftward,  the  iettlements  are  fparfe,  and 
extend  near  to  the  Tombigbee.  This 
is  a  numerous  nation,  containing  :ibou<. 
jooo  hunters,  a  peaceable  and  friendly 
people.  The  country  inhabited  by 
thele  Indians  is  noted  in  Coxe's  map,  to 
be  "  poor  and  barren  land,  covered  gen- 
erally with  long-leufcd  pine."  Odier 
accounts  represent  it  as  much  the  fame 
as  tlut  between  the  Mifli(ippi  and 
Pearl  rivers,  with  the  addition  of  fome 
pine  land,  and  better  watered.  The 
III  earns  un  which  the  Chadlaws  are  fee- 
tied,  as  laid  down  un  Coxe's  map,  a.re, 
.I)roceeding  from  W.  to  E.  the  Homa- 
chitta,  (called  by  Purceli  Hoftaphatcha) 
Ciiadlaw,  and  Souhawtee,  which  imite, 
arid  the  main  fiream  retains  the  name 
of  Homachltta  till  it  empties  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico..   This  is  jprobably  the 


fame  liver  that  Hutchint  calls  Pafcagooh 
la ;  which  fee.  Tlic  head  blanches  of 
this  river  fprcad  extculivclv  through 
the  northern  part  of  this  Territory^ 
chieily  weUward  of  tlue  Chadaw  natiou. 
Wltite,  or  ISluiF  rivcr»  on  Coxe's  m<tp, 
appears  to  rile  in  about  lat.  33  N.  takei 
a  cuuile  to  the  it-  of  the  Chat^taws,  and 
empties  into  the  Tombigbee,  iume  dil* 
unce  below  the  head  oi  the  tide  water^ 
and  is  laid  dowu  as  about  the  iize  oif 
Pearl  river. 

From  tlic  compact  fettlemcots  of  the 
Chac'laws  eallward  to  the  wcftera 
branches  of  the  Tombigbee,,  the  laud  is 
tolerably  good»  the  umber  geoerally 
oak  arid  pmc,  with  fome  hickory,  weU 
watered  and  level.  Of  this  kind  is  the 
country  a  dillance  of  about  40  miles  W. 
of  the  wcftern  branches  of  the  Tombig- 
bee^ thence  to  the  1  ombigbce,  the  laud 
is  more  uneven,  intcrfperled  with  large 
favannas,    and    the    whole   geDerally 

£)od  land,  and  pretty  well  watered ; 
e  water,  however^  has  a  hmy  talle. 
The  natural  growth  much  tlie  fame  as 
on  the  MilElippi.  The  intervale,  or  as 
they  call  it  in  this  country,  the  httota 
landtf  are  generally  about  a  mile  wide 
un  the  river,  extremely  rich,,  and  thick- 
ly overgrown  with  canes.  This  gene- 
ral delicription  will  apply  to  the  whole 
trac^  belonging  to  the  "  Georgia  Miflj- 
ftppi  Company."  Mr.Coxe,  on  his 
map,  remarks  that,  "  On  the  Tombig- 
bee and  Alabama  rivers  there  are  bodies 
of  fine  rich  land,  but  low  down,  towards 
Mobile  Bay,  unhealthy." 

We  have  uow  arrived  eaftward  to  the 
Mobile,  the  principal  riv«r  in  this  territo- 
ry. "On  the  bar  at  the  entrance  of  the 
bay  of  Mobile,  there  is  urUy  about  x  j  or 
16  feet  water  ;  two-thirds  of  the  way 
tliro  ugh  the  bay,  towards  theto  wn  of  Mo* 
bile,  there  is  from  z  to  3  fathoms ;  ^  the 
deepeiV  water  to  be  depended  oa  in  the: 
upper  part  of  the  bay  is  only  10  or  i» 
feet,  and  in  many  places  not  fo  much. 
Large  ve£els  cannot  go  within  7  nuies 
of  the  town."  [flutchim.\  "  This  bay 
is  about  30  miles  long,  and  from  to  to 
1%  wide.  The  tide  flows  60  or  70  miles 
above  this  bay,  and  is  fo  far  navigable 
for  lea  vcflels.  Thence  130  or  aoo  miles 
norths  is  good  boat  oavigation^  finootli 
watery  generally  100  to  150  fards  wide^ 
and  8  to  10  feet  deep."  [M,  S.  Mimtet 
from  Mr.  Ferrj.]  "  The  bay  of  Mobile 
tcrininatcs  a  little  to  the  norui-eaftward 
of  the  towOf.  in  a  aumbec  of  xnaffhes 
aai 


ceo 


CEO 


tnd  lajjoons ;  which  fubjciJt  the  people 
to  tityers  and  agues,  in  the  hot  ieafon.* 
The  river  Molnle,  as  you  aicend  it,  di- 
vides into  4  principal  branches,  abont 
40  miles  above  the  town  {  one  of  which, 
called  the  Tan/^w,  falls  into  the  eait 
part  of  the  bay  \  the  other  empties  iilelf 
dole  by  the  tiiwn,  AH'here  it  has  a  bar  of 
7  teet ;   but  there  is  k  br.inch  a  little  to 
the  caltwaid  of  this,  called  Spiinilh  river, 
vhere  there  is  ;i  channel  of  9  or  10  feet, 
when  the  water  is  high  ;  but  this  joins 
Mobile  river  about  a  leagues  above  the 
town.    Two  or  three  leagues  above  the 
Tanlaw  brancht  the  Al!>.bainit  river  tails 
into  Mobile  river,  after  running  from 
the  nortb-eall  a  courfe  of  about  130 
miles ;  that  is,  troin  Alabama  fort,  Sit- 
uated at  the  confluence  of  the  Coofa, 
and  Talipoolee,  botli  very  confidcrable 
rivers;  on  which  and  their  branches 
are  the  chief  iettlemcnts  of  the  Upper 
Creek  Indians.     The  French  fort  at 
Alabama  was  evacuated  1763,  and  has 
not  Jince  been  garrifoncd.    Above  the 
confluence  of  Alabama  and  Mobile,  the 
latter  is  called  the  Tombigbce  river, 
Irom  the  tort  of  TomWgbee,  iituatcd  on 
the  weft  fide  of  it,  about  96  leagues  a- 
bove  the  town  of  Mobile.    The  iburce 
of  this  river  is  reckoned  to  be  about  40 
leagues  higher  up,  in  the  country  ftf  the 
Chickafaws.    The  fort  of  Totnbigbee 
was  taken  poflelfion  of  by  the  Englifh, 
but  abandoned  agiiin  in  1767,  by  order 
of  the  commandant  of  Penliicob.    The 
fiver  is  navigable  for  Hoops  and  I'choon- 
ers  about  35  leagues  above  the  town  of 
Mobile.    The  banks,  where  low,  are 
partly  overflowed  in  the  rainy  feafons, 
whicn  adds  greatly  to  the  foil,  and  a- 
dapts  it  particularly  to  the  cuItivAion 
of  rice.     The  iides  of  the  river  are  cov- 
ered in  many  places  with  large  canes, 
fo  thick  that  they  are  almoft  impenetra- 
ble ;  Uicre  is  alfo  plenty  of  remarkable 
iarge  red  and  white  cedar,  cyprefs,  elm, 
alh,  hickory,  and  various  kinds  of  oak. 
Several  people  have  fettled  on  this  river, 
who  find  the  foil  to  anlwcr  beyond  ex- 
pCifVation.    The  lands  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Mobile  river  are  generally  low ; 
as  you  proceed  upwards,  the  land  grows 
higher,  and  may  with  propriety  be  di- 
vided into  three  ftages.    Fu-ll,  low  rice 
knd3,ort  or  near  the  banks  of  the  river, 
of  a  moft  excellent  quality.    Secondly, 

#  Mr.  Coxe,  In  W«  map,  extends  MoWle  Hay  fome 
4Wance  north  of  the  smdegree  of  latitude.  Other 
Aceountf  fay  this  biiy  doe*  nut  extend  intu  tlic  dtate 


what  are  called  by  the  people  of  iVe 
country,  fecond  low  lantls,  or  level  ait 
cane  lands,  al)0ut  4  or  5  feet  higher 
than  the  low  rice  lands.    And,  thirdly, 
the  high  upland  or  open  country.  The 
lirll,  or  low  Jands,  extend  Jii0\ii  an  half 
or  threc-quarft'isof  a  mile  from  the  riv- 
er,  and  may  almoft  every  where  be  eij- 
iily  drained  and  turned  into  moft  tH- 
eellcnt  rice  fields,  and  are  capable  of 
being  laid  under  water  at  almolt  all  fea- 
fons of  the  year.     They  are  a  deep  •. 
black  mud  or  Uime,  which  have  in  a  fuc<[|i^- 
celfion  of  time  been  accumulated,  or 
formed  by  the  overflowing  of  the  river. 
The  fecond  low  grounds  being,  in  gen- 
eral, formed  by  a  regular  rilina  of  about 
4  or  j  feet  hicher  than  the  low  lands» 
appear  to  have  oeen  originally  the  edge 
of  the  river.     The  fecond  clafs  or  kind 
of  land  is  in  general  extrcmelyrich,  and 
covered  with  large  timber  and  thick 
llrong  canes,  extending  in  width  upon 
an  average  three-quarters  Of  a  mile,  and 
in  general  a  pcrftjd  level.     It  is  excel- 
lent for  nil  kinds  of  grain,  and  well  cal- 
culated for  the  culture  of  indigo,  hemp* 
flax,  or  tobacco.     At  the  extremity  of 
thefe  fecond  grounds,  you  come  to  what 
is  called  the  high  or  uplands,  which  it 
covered  with  pine,  oak,  and  hickory, 
and  other  kinds  of  large  timber.    The 
foil  is  of  a  good  quality,  but  much  in- 
ferior to  the  lecond  or  low  land.    It  an- 
fwers  well  for  railing  Indian  corn,  po- 
tatoes, and  every  thing  elfe  Uiat  delights 
in  a  dry  foil.    Further  out  in  the  coun- 
try again,  on  the  weft  fide  of  this  river, 
?!0\x  come  to  a  pine  barren,  v/ith  exten- 
ive  reed  fwamps  and  natural  meadows 
or  favannas,    which  afford    excellent 
ranges  fof  innumerable  herds  of  cattle. 
On  the  eaft  of  the  river  Mobile,  towards 
the  river  Alabama,  is  one  entire  extend- 
ed rich  cane  coui:  ;ry,  not  inferior,  per- 
haps>  to  any  in  AmericiL     Whenever 
poit  ges  ar?  mi^e  Lnween  the  Mobile 
and  'i  eonedee  river,  or  their  branches, 
which  are  proliably  but  1  tcwmiles  apart, 
the  Mobile  will  be  the  firft  river  for  com- 
merce (the  Miffifippi  excepted)  in  thi« 
part  of  the  world,  as  it  affords  the  (hort- 
elt  and  moft  dire(^t  comraunicatioa  to 
the  fea."  _  [Hutchi/u.] 

In  addition  to,  and  confirmation  ofi 
the  al>ovc  accoimt  of  Capt.  Hutchins, 
feveral  other  gentlemen  of  intelligence 
who  have  been  in  this  country,  fay  that 
♦'the  Tombigbee  is  navigable  for  fea 
velieb  60  miles  into  the  State  of  Geo  r. 


m 


I 


'\r 


C  EC 


GEO 


!    •: 


cia  ;"*  others,  that  "it  is  navigriblc in 
boats  of  ao  tons  up  to  tht- junituJti  of 
1(3  ami  ao  Milo  deck.  Tlie  Alabama 
ami  Cooi'i  are  navigable  for  boats  ot  40 
tons,  as  bi^i;h  as  the  big  flioals  of  Coofa 
river.  Tlie  piincipal  rivers  whicli 
jivander  through  this  trad  of  country, 
«rc  ocprty's  ami  Cane  Brake-  rivers, 
both  which  fall  into  the  Tonibigljee, 
iind  r..c  :ia\ig;.blc  tor  boats  as  high  ■■, 
the  ^.ul  device  ol'  latitude ;  ami  tlie 
Cawh.iwboii  liver,  whieh  tails  into  Ala- 
Ijama  ri\er,  beli)w  tlic  junition  of  Coo- 
ill  and  O.iktiilkce,  are  boatable  as  far  N. 
:is  the  rivers  lall  mentioned.  The*  loil 
on  tl.c  L.  (iile  of  Toinbigbee,  is  of  a 
rci!(lllh  ciift,  producing  naturally  oak, 
hiekory,  and  abundance  of  very  high 
gr.if*.  The  cuuntiy  appears  well  cal- 
culaied  lor  the  cul'ure  ot  wheat,  corn, 
rye,  oats,  and  barley.  I'he  bollopisor 
inttrvalo.i  on  the  rivers  are  not  fubjctit 
to  inundaiions,  and  are  exceedingly 
lich.  I  he  country  is  well  watoied 
"with  good  wholeibnie  water.  ^  Fuither 
«oith,  the  country  becomes  uneven  and 
i()n)cwl)at  hilly,  that  part  paiticul.irly 
Avhich  divides  the  waters  of  Tonibig- 
bec  from  Tcnnelii;e  river,  but  as  ytm 
defcend  to  a  lower  latitude,  the  country 
is  more  level ;  and  down  abc>ut  the 
mouth  of  Cane  Hr.d;e  liver,  and  theuce 
acrofs  to  the  Alabama,  is  ainiolt  one  en- 
tire c.me  brake." 

*'  'I'iie  ridge  which  di\ides  the  Tom- 
I'lgbee  and  Alabama  riveis  is  ftony, 
f.nd  the  foil  inferior  to  that  on  t!\e  riv- 
trf ;  of  thi'  dcfoription  aili)  i;the coun- 
try lying  oetwecn  the  CawliaVvbon  and 
Alabama  rivers ;  but  the  bottom  lanas 
on  the  water  courfes  are  txccedingty 
lich.  The  couniiy  is  pleafant  and 
healthy,  being  genci.illy  oxcrgrown 
with  high  grafs,  vx-II  (.akulafsil  for 
farming,  particularly  for  railing  cattle. 
There  are  many  e\lenlive  .lud  rich  bot- 
toms of  cane  land  on  the  Alabama, 
'.rhc  river  which  fills  into  the  Tombig- 
btc  nf'xt  abevo  i^eprtv's  river,  lias  niuch 
rich  land  on  its  banks,  and  is  boatable 
iimie  diftance  in  Ihiall  boa<s,  and  ipreads 
into  many  branches,  throng!) ;.  pkafant, 
hcijrliy,  and  well  watered  countrv." 
[tW.r  M.  S.  Ljt.'n:]  As  ^ou  ad- 
Vuuee  call  ward  of  the  Alabama,  in  tlie 
Tcfritoiv  we  art  Jefei-ibing,  you  come 
firrt  to  tiic  Pfcauibia  ri\er,  atid  then  to 
the  Chat'. a  I!:aeha,  or  Km  river,  which 
Cipt.  ilutchlns  tints  dc'ltibes— ''The 


tiver  Efcambia  is  the  mofi:  conlidcrablt 
that  tails  into  the  Bay  of  1'cnliicol.i. 
.Sec  lyidmbla  River..  'I'he  Chatta 
Hutcha  or  Pea  river,  which  alfo  heads 
in  the  Georgia  Weftern  Territory, 
empties  from  the  N.  B.  into  R«fe  Bay, 
wh  .h  is  .10  miles  Icmg  and  from  4  to  ft 
broad.  The  bar  at  -lie  entrance  into 
the  bay  has  only  7  or  8  feet  water,  at 
deepell: ;  but,  alter  crolfing  the  bar,  has 
16  or  17  feet.  J  he  mouths  of  the  riv. 
er  (for  almoft  all  the  limthern  rivers 
have  fcveral  mouths)  are  16  Ihoal,  that 
only  H  fmall  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs 
them.  Mr.  Ilutchins  afccnded  this  riv- 
er abi)ut  75  miles,  and  found  that  its 
banks  very  much  rel'embled  thofe  of  EI^ 
cambia.  r'urtlicr  call  are  the  Appala- 
chicola,rlint,  and  Alabaha  i  ivers,  which 
are  delcribed  binder  their  relpedivc 
heads. 

The  nordiern  parts  of  this  Tei'iitory 
are  watered  by  the  great  bend  of  the 
'I'enneHee,  and  ita  tiibutary  ftreams. 
This  noble  liver  bends  fouthward  as  tar 
as  latitude  .■?4  15,  according  to  Capu 
Hutehins'  map,  and  ilivides,  into  neasly 
equal  parts,  the  purehale  of  the  TcnncJ- 
fcc  Onni^any.  Nordi  of  the  Tenneliee, 
m  this  purchafe,  tliere  is  not  an  Indian 
inhabitant.  Trom  the  fouUi,  tlie  Ten. 
neliee,  in  its  courfe  ilirough  Georgia, 
receives,  befides  fmallcr  It  reams,  the 
Hiwaflee,  Chiecamauga,  and  Occochap- 
po  01  liearCieek,  wliich  are  <le»i;ribed 
under  their  lelpedive  heads.  Travel- 
lers  (peak  of  the  lands  on  the  bend  of 
the  Tenneifee,  in  teims  of  die  highetk 
conimcndaiion. 

Of  the  territory  defcribed  above,  tlie 
State  of  Georgia,  by  acT  of  their  legifia- 
turt,  pafl'ed  Jan.  ;,  1795.  fold  about, 
twenty-two  millions  of  aeies  to  tout  dif- 
ferent comv>anics,whoft  names  and  the 
Iin)its  >>i  their  rtl"pe(itive  purchid'es,  as 
dciint'd  by  the  act,  tbilow, 

I.  *•  All  that  trad  or  pai  eel  of  land  in- 
cluding iflandsjbcginningoiiMobilebay, 
where  the  lat.  3 1  N.  of  die  equator  intel- 
lects the  fame,  running  tlience  up  the 
laid  bay  to  the  mouth  ol"  the  lake  Ten- 
iiiw  ;  thence  up  tire  faid  lake  Tenlaw, 
to  the  Alabama  river,  including  Curreys 
and  all  other  iflands  therein  ;  thence  up 
the  liiid  river  Alabama,  to  the  junitioa 
cf  the  Coofa  and  Oakfulkce  nvert; 
thence  up  ttic  Coofa  river,  above  the 
Big  Shoals,  to  v/here  it  interlt'els  the 
latitude  c^  ;,4  N.  ol'the  ctpaator  ;  thence 
a  due  W-  youiii;  w  Uie  Millilippi  river ; 

tJK'ncii 


cr,  to 


CEO 


G  r  0 


thence  down  the  middle  of  ibe  fiid  ri^'- 
er,  to  the  latitude  of  ^t  40  ;  thence  a 
due  E.  coiirfc  to  the  Dan  or  lombipbce 
river ;  thence  down  the  iniddlt:  oi'  ilic 
faid  river  to  it3  junction  with  the  Ala- 
bama river ;  thence  down  the  middle  of 
the  laid  river  to  Mobile  Bay  ;  tliencc 
down  the  faid  Mobile  liay,to  the  place 
oi  hefi;inning,  (halt  be  liilJ  unto  James 
( !unn,  Matthew M'Aililltr,  and  George 
Walker,  and  their  ailociates,  called 
T/v  Ceon^/ti  Company." 
_  a.  '*  All  that  ti  a<ft  of  country,  includ- 
ing iflands,  within  the  lollowing  boun- 
daries, viz.  beginning  on  the  river  Mil- 
lillppi,  at  31  18  N.  lat.  thence  a  dueE. 
coinle  to  the  middle  of  Dan  or  Toni- 
bigbee  river ;  thence  up~  the  middle  of 
the  faid  river  to  N.  lat.  31  /\o  \  thence 
a  due  W.  courl'e  along  the  Georgia 
Company  line,  to  tlie  rivtr  Mifli'ippi; 
thence  <lown  the  middle  of  the  iame,  to 
the  place  of  beginning,  fliall  Iw  ibid  to 
Nicholas  Long,  Thomas  GlaW'cock, 
Anibroiti  (iordon,  and  Thomas  Cum- 
inings,  and  their  aflbciatcs,  called  Th( 
Georgia  M:Jfifipi>i  Company.'' 

,3.  ''All  "that  trad  of  country,  includ- 
ing iflands,  within  the  following  Ixuin- 
daries,  viz.  beginning  at  the  Miililippi 
river,  whore  the  northern  boundary  i..)e 
of  the  St.ite  flrikes  the  lame  :  thence 
along  the  iaid  northern  bounclary  line, 
due  £.  io  the  'J'ennefTee  river ;  thence 
along  the  faid  Tenncilce  river,  to  the 
niouih  of  Bear  Creek ;  thence  up  Bear 
Creek,  to  where  the  parallel  of  latitude 
%$  H:itilh  (latute  miles  S.  of  the  north- 
ern boundary  lii:a  of  the  Slate  interfeds 
the  lame }  thcrte  along  the  laft  men- 
tioned parallel  of  latitude,  acrcfs  Tom- 
bigbee  or  Twenty  Mile  Creek,  due  W. 
to  the  Milhfippi  i<vtr  ;  thence  up  the 
middle  of  the  faid  livtr,  to  the  begin- 
ning, (liall  be  fold  tc  John  B.  Scott, 
John  C.  Nightingale,  and  Wade  Hamp- 
ton, called  The  Upper  Miftlippi  Com- 
pa  fly." 

4.  ♦*  All  that  trail:  oflanJ,  including 
iflands,  within  the  h)llowinj^  boundaries, 
viz.  beginning  at  the  numth  of  Bear 
Creek,  on  the  S.  hdc  of  Tennenife  river  ; 
thence  up  tiie  fiiid  cieek  *'^  the  mollt 
^uthtrn  fource  thereof;  thencc  ''-le  S. 
to  lat.  34  10  N.  thence  dueE.  120  miles; 
thrice  a  due  N.  courfe  to  the  Gredt 
Tcnnefrec  river  ;  thence  up  the  midille 
of  the  faid  river  to  the  nordicrn  boun- 
dary line  of  the  State  ;  thence  a  due  W. 
couiii;  along  the  iiii4  line  tg  where  it 


intcrfefls  the  Oreat  TenntfT'r  river,  be- 
low the  Mufcle  Shoals ;  tlirincc  up  the 
faid  river  to  the  place  of  brginning, 
Hiall  be  fold  to  Zachariah  Cox,  Madras 
Maher,  and  dieir  afliiciates,  called  Th 
Tetmejlce  Company" 

'Jhe  fame  law  cnafis  alfo,  "  that  all 
lands  lying  wcftward  and  fouthward  of 
the  eaih.rn  Innindary  of  the  liiveral 
Companies'  purchafes;,  and  not  included 
therein,  dkimateil  at  one-fourth  of  the 
whole  lar.ds  lying  weftward  and  fouth- 
ward of  the  tallern  boundary  of  the 
laid  purchafes,  and  liippcfed  to  contain 
7,250,000  acres,  (hall  he,  and  the  fame 
is  hereby  declared  to  be  relerved  and  fet 
apart  to,  and  for  the  ule  and  benefit  of 
this  State,  to  be  grante<l  out,  or  other- 
wile  difpolcd  of,  as  future  iegiflatures 
may  dnecH."  {Ail of  Ccori^ia  Le^ijla' 
tuvcrifjan,  7//',  1795. 

The  purciiafe-monev,  amounting  to 
.'lopjooo  dollars,  was  duly  paid  by  the 
refpective  Companies,  into  the  State 
treaiury  of  G<:uigia,  agreeably  to  the 
terms  of  the  adt.  This  land  was  foon 
alter  fold  by  the  original  Companies, 
to  various  g(  ntlemen,  principally  in  the 
Middle  and  Fafl'irn  States.  J  he  iaie 
of  this  ttrritoiy  excited  a  warm  and  vi- 
olent oppolitinn  in  Geoigia.  i  he  vl{-\ 
atuhoriling  this  fale,  was  by  certain 
h.iiding  men  in  the  St;ite,  declared  to  he 
*'  an  lifurped  aift, — repugnant  to  the 
principles  of  the  Federal  Conllitution, 
and  i>t  theConllilulii>n  of  Georgia — op- 
poli:d  to  the  good  of  the  .State,  and  ob- 
tained by  fraud,  atrocious  Ipeculation, 
corruption  and  collufion."  In  confe- 
tiuenit  ol  diefe  icprelentations,  a  deter- 
mination was  f()rmed  by  a  powerful  pan. 
ty,to  fct  afideand  annul,  at  the  fuccecd- 
ing  feffion  of  the  legiflature,  this  oflln- 
five,  "  iilui ped  aiJl."  ];flort,s  were  ac 
cordingly  made,  ami  widi  fuccefs,  to  ob- 
tain alcgiflaturc  fuitcd  to  the  accom- 
plilhnvcnt  of  dieirdefJgns.  Accordingly, 
on  the  13th  of  Feb.  1 796,  an  adt  was  pal- 
fed  declaring  the  above-mentioned  "  u- 
fuipedact"  null  and  void  ;  and  all  tha 
grants,  rights  and  claims  arifing  there- 
from, of  no  validity  or  eltet't ;  and  that 
tlicfaid  territory  was  the  fole  property 
of  the  State."  I  o  complete  the  utter  an- 
nihilation of  this  odious  adl,  as  far  as  puf- 
hble.the  Icgidaturo ordered, that, in  their 
prefencc,  and  that  of  the  i)ublic  ofTicers 
of  the  State,  the  feveral  records,  docu- 
ments and  tleeds,  in  the  feveral  public 
oliiccs,  Iht'wld  bu  "expunged  from  '.lie 

faces 


i> 


'  r: 


'■•«.|«r*<; 


li^il 


%  \.^. 


G  E  R 


O  l:  R 


11 


faces  and  indetes  of  the  books  of  record 
of  the  State  ;  and  the  enrolled  law,  or 
«furped  afl,  publickly  burnt."  All  this 
was  accomplilhed  three  days  after  the 
pafling  of  tJie  atft.  Tliefe  unprecedent- 
ed proceedings  were  attended  and  fol- 
lowed with  tnoft  difagreeable  and  tu- 
multuary eflfefts.  Ihe  original  pur- 
chalerG  of  thefe  lands,  the  then  holders, 
and  all  tiiofe  who  had  been  intermedi- 
ately concerned,  who  had  by  this  time 
become  a  numerous  and  rei'pedabic 
body,  fcatlered  through  the  United 
States,  were,  for  the  moment,  thrown 
into  an  unpleafant  dilemma,  and  for  a 
time  tliis  bulinefs  was  the  general  topic 
t>f  converfation.  The  title  to  the  lands 
purchafed  by  the  above  named  compa- 
nies, has  been  Itill  furdier  embarrafied 
by  a  claim  brought  forward  in  behalf  of 
the  United  States.  As  it  may  be  matter  of 
curiofityto  the  reader,  and  perhaps  of  in- 
terelt,  to  examine  into  tlic  title  of  the 
levcral  companies  to  their  refpet'tive  pur- 
cliaks,  under  exilting  rircunrftances,  a 
lummary  Itatement  ot  the  claims,  and  of 
the  fads  and  arguments  in  their  fupport, 
(though  foreign  to  the  cxprefs  dciign  of 
this  work)  is  annexed  to  theApPFN- 
j>ix,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred. 

Georgia,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vermont,  contains  .^40  inhabitants. 
It  IS  htuated  on  I^e  ChampJain,  oppo- 
iue  to  the  N.  end  of  South  Hero  liland, 
and  joins  Mihon  on  the  S.  and  St.  Al- 
bsm's  on  the  north.  La  Moillc  river 
crolles  the  extremity  of  the  S.  E.  cor- 
nerofthisto"'"»hip. 

<jtoRGiA,  a-tuthertf,  a  clufter  of  bar. 
ren  iflands,  in  the  Houth  Sea,  and  E.  of 
the  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego ;  ak-mt 
lat.  54  j^  S.  and  long.  36  30  VV.  One 
ot  them  is  between  30  and  60  leagues  in 
Jength. 

GtRARDSTOWK,  a  neat  little  town, 
Situated  in,Berkely  ca.  Virginia,  contain- 
ing about  30  or  40  houl(?s ;  10  miles 
from  Martiniburg,and  >.^4  from  Phila- 
tielphia. 

German,  a  townlT^ip  in  Fayette  co. 
Pcnnfylvania. 

GtRMAN  Ft- ATS,  the  chief  townfhip 
of  Herktmer  co.  taken  from  that  ot 
Montgomery,  in  New-York.  By  the 
cenfus  of  1790,  it  cont«in«i  IJ07  in- 
habitants, incKitfing  30  tiaves  ;  by  the 
State  cenfus  of  17'/',  4194  inhabitants, 
of  whom  684  are  electors.  It  lies  on 
'the  fouth  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  nppo- 
lite  Herkcmer.     It  is  14  ihilcs  E.  of 


^'hltertoWn^  and  60  miles  Weft  of  Sch*- 
neftady. 

Germantown,  (N.  Y.)  in  Columbia 
CO.  containing  516  inhabitants.  In  1796, 
it  had  75  qualified  voters. 

Gkrmantown,  in  Fhiladelphia  co. 
Penntylvania,  is  htuated  7  miles  north 
of  Philadelphia  city,  and  was  efteemed 
the  fecond  town  in  the  country,  until 
feveral  inland  towns  cdipfed  it,  by  liipe- 
rior  ertablilhments  and  number  of  inhab- 
itants.   It  is  a  corporation,  conlifting 
chiefly  of  High  ana  Low  Dutch,  and 
contains  about  150  hoiifes,  chiefly  of 
ftone,  fome  of  which  are  large,  elegant 
and  commodious  ;  boilt  chiefly  on  one 
If  reet,  about  two  miles  in  length.    The 
public  buildings  are  a  German  Ca1vin» 
1*1:  and  Lutheran  church,  a  Friend's meet- 
ing-houfe,  and    an    academy.      Knit 
ftockings,  ot  cotton,  thread  and  worft- 
ed,  are  manufaiSured  here  by  individu- 
als to  a  confiderable  extent,  and  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality.    It  is  an  ancient  town, 
pleafantly  fituated,  and  by  its  vicinity  to 
the  metropolis,  well  adapted  for  manu- 
fadures.    Here  is  the  principal  congre- 
gation of  the  Mennonifts,  and  the  moth- 
er of  that  feft  in  America.    They  de- 
rive their  name  from  Menno  Simon,  a 
learned  man  of  Witmaf  s,  in  Germany, 
one  of  the  reformers,  bofrt  in  150c. 
Some  of  his  followers  came  into  Penn- 
fylvariia,    from    New-York,  in    169a. 
There  are  about  4000  of  them  in  the 
State.    ThL'y  do  not,  like  the  Tunkers, 
beliere  in  general  felvation ;   yet,  like 
thcni,  they  will  neither  fwear  nor  (Jeht, 
nor  bear  any  civil  office,  nor  go  to  law, 
nor  take  intereft  for  money,  thougl^  ma;- 
nv  break  that  rule.     They  ufe  great 
plainnefs  in  their  drefs,  &c.  ?nd  i>raitife 
niany  of  the  rites  of  the  prirhitite  Chrif- 
tian  church.    Thi**  town  is  alfo  render- 
ed famous,  by  the  battle  fought  in  it,  on 
the  4th  of  Od.  1777. 

Gfrmantown,  a  poft-toVn  aild  the 
capital  of  Stckcs  co.  N.  Carolina.  It  is 
fituated  near  the  Town  Fork  of  Dan  riv- 
er, and  contains  a  court-ho\ife,  gaol, 
and  about  30  houfes.  It  is  528  miles  S. 
W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Gbrmantown,  the  chief  town  of 
Hyde  to.  in  Neubcrn  diftridt,  N.  Care 

Gf.rmavy,  a  townrv;-  i.i  '*brk  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

G  F  R  R I  s  H  I/land,  a  fmall  iflc  near  Cape 

Neddoc,  clo^  to  the  main  land  ot  the 

Diftridl  of  Maine. 

OtaRV, 


O  1  N 


G  I,  O 


GstRVt  <(  towniKip  in  Worccder  co. 
MaHachtifctts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
17K6,  and  contains  141OO0  acrejs  uf  iaod, 
on  which  4re  740  inhabitants.  It  is  30 
miles  N.  W.  of  Worccilcr,  and  Cj  N. 
W.  by  W.  (if  Bofton. 

GtTTYSRURGH,  a  fmall  town  in 
Vork.  CO.  Pennfyivatnia,  iituated  at  ihc 
head  of  Uock  Creek,  one  of  the  head 
waters  of  the  Mooococy,  and  contains 
:\bout  -jo  houfes.  It  is  9  miles  north  of 
the  Maryland  line,  8  miks  from  Millcrf- 
town,  ij  from  Abbotjftown,  36  from 
Wiiliamiport  in  Maryland,  and  118  \V. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

GiBBAWAYs,  an  Indian  tribe  redding 
io  Upper  Canada,  on  the  eaft  iide  of  De- 
troit river,  oppofitt:  to  Port  Gibralter. 

G1BS.ALTKR,  an  ancient  town  in  the 
province  of  Venezuela,  in  Terra  Firma. 
it  is  iituated  on  the  fouth-ealkrn  fide  of 
Maracaibo  Lake.  The  country  in  its 
vicinity  is  well  watered  with  rivers,  and 
bears  ilie  beft  quality  of  cacao,  and  very 
l^rge  cedars.  I'he  Left  &paniih  tobacco 
is  made  here,  chilled  I'abugo  dc  Mara- 
caibo, from  which  the  valuable  fnuff  is 
made,  vulgarly  called  Muciaba  fnufl. 
The  air,  however,  is  fo  unhealthy,  tliat 
very  few  but  labourers  live  in  the  towa  ; 
ibe  wealthier  fort  leforting  to  Merida 
or  Maracaibo. 

Gill,  a  new  townfliip  io  Hanipfli'TC 
CO.  MaiEichufetts,  on  the  wefl  bank  of 
Connedicut  river,  a  little  below  the 
mouth  of  Miller's  river,  on  the  oppofite 
Iide,  and  named  after  his  Honor,  Mo- 
les Gill,  Licutenajfit-Govcroor  of  MaiTa- 
chuletts. 

GiLLORi,  an  ifknd  on  the  coaft  of 
Well-Florida,  is  divid<;d  from  Dauphin 
Iflund  by  a  narrow  channel,  tliiough 
which  a  uuit  may  pafs  with  ibnie  diffi- 
culty ;  tn<l  between  Gillori  and  the 
main  land,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Mobile 
Bay,  there  is  a  chain  of  fmall  illands, 
and  oyfler  fiidls,  through  which  is  a, 
paflage  of  4  feet  called  I'affe  au  lieron. 

GiLMANiowN,  a  townlliip  in  Straf- 
ford co.  Ncw-Hainpfhirc,  fouth-wefler- 
ly  of  Lake  Winnipifeogee,  and  5  a  miles 
W,  W.  t)f  Pot  tfmouth.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1727,  and  conuined  773  inhab- 
itants in  1775  ;  and  in  17VC,  1613. 

GiLsoN,  a  tuwnfliip  iu  Chclhire  co. 
New'-Haiupfhire,  containing  298  inhab- 
itants. It  IS  fltUHted  on  the  K.  fide  of 
Alhuelot  river^  and  joins  Kecne  on  the 
fouth. 
CiMCER  JJlanJ^  OM  of  the  fmailcr 


Virgin  Iflc!,  fituated  between  the  Round 
Rock  on  the  north,  and  Cooper's  lilc 
on  the  ibuth,  between  which  is  the 
King's  Channel.    N.  lat.  x8  5,  W.  long. 

Girty's  Town,  an  Indian  village  in 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  near  tlie  head  of 
the  navigable  water  or  landing  on  Hu 
Mary's  river,  where  tlie  Indians  ceded 
at  the  treaty  of  GiecnviUe,  a  tradt  of  % 
iiules  fquarc  to  tiie  Uiiitcd  Slates. 

Gladk  liouJ,  at  IJonneis'  tavern, 
4  miles  from  BcJfurd,  on  the  road  from 
Philadelphia  to  Pmlburg  Forks  ;  tlie 
Ibutherniiioil  is  called  the  Glade  Road  i 
the  noithernmoft  the  OJJ,  or  lorbsi's 
RoaJf  and  goes  by  Ligonier.  'I'hefe 
loads  unite  a8  Uiilcs  irom  Pittfbuig. 
In  the  CUJa,  a  tradt  of  country  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
they  cannot  raife  corn,  as  the  eartli  is 
fubjcdtcd  to  fioll  from  Sept.  to  June, 

Glauy  Creek,  a  fmall  ftream  whicli 
flows  through  the  calt  bank  of  Little 
Miami  river  in  the  N.  W.  Territory. 

Glaize,  Au,  a  S.  S.  W.  branch  of 
the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  which  inter- 
locks with  St.  Mary's  river.  By  the 
treaty  at  Gi  ecnvillc,  the  Indians  have 
ceded  tu  the  Uiiktd  Mates  a  tradt  of 
laad  6  miks  fquare,  at  the  head  of  it& 
navigable  waters,  and  6  miles  fquare  at 
its  confiuence  with  the  Miami,  where 
Fort  Defiance  now  (lands. 

Glasguv,  a  new  county  in  New- 
bern  diltridf,  N.  Carolina,  taken  from 
Dobbs'  CO.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Edg- 
comb,  S.  by  Lenoir,  1>.  Ly  Pitt,  and 
W.  by  Wayne. 

Glastonbury,  a  townfhip  in  Ben- 
nington CO.  Vermont,  having  only  34 
inhabitants.  It.has  good  intervale  lands, 
and  heb  N.  F.  of  BeuningLun,  adjoining. 

Glastonbury,  a  handlome  iittie 
town  in  Hartford  co.  Connedticut,  fiui- 
ated  on  the  eall  tide  of  Connedticut 
river,  oppofite  to  Wcatliersiield,  and  of 
which  it  formed  a  pai  t  until  1690.  Ic 
the  tow  nf hip  are  z  meeting-houfcs ;  and 
on  Koarinfe  Brook  andoihei  fiuull  ftteaiu* 
are  1 7  mills  of  different  kinds  and  1  forge. 

G  Lo  u  c  E  s  T  t  R /foa/t',  belonging  to  tlift 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  is  iituaicd  ia 
New  Soutli  Wales,  on  tlie  N.  (ide  of  tli« 
waters  which  form  a  communicatiua 
till  ough  a  chain  of  fmall  lakes,  between 
Winnepeg  Lake  and  Albany  river. 
Ifenlcy  lloui'e  lies  N.  E.  c^'tliis,  nearer 
the  mouth  of  Albany  river,  io  Jame** 
Bay.  N,  i*t.  ;4»  W.  long.  87  30. 
Qloucksx&r, 


iff' 


•Ks. 


I"' 


t 


W  M'l;: 


'H 


G  L  O 


G  L  Y 


•  Oi.owrEsTER,  or  Citpe-Atm,  a  to^ri- 
fliip  in  EfTex  co.  MaUkcludctts,  whole 
eaft  point  Jbriiis  the  north  lide  of  the 
bay  of  Maitaohuretts.  It  contains  5317 
inhabitants,  and  is  dividtd  into  5  par- 
ilhe;^,  and  has  bolides  a  focietv  of  Uni- 
vcrlalills.  This  is  a  poft-tovvn  and  port 
of  entry.  The  harbour  is  very  open  and 
acceflible  to  large  fhips ;  and  is  one  of 
the  moit  coniidcrable  tifhing  towns  in 
the  Commonwealth.  At  the  harbour, 
■properly  fo  called,  are  fitted  out  annu- 
ally from  60  to  70  bankerr  ;  and  from 
Squani  and  Sandy  Hay,  two  fmall  out 
ports,  the  bay  fifhery  is  carried  on  with 
great  fpirit,  and  to  a  Jarge  amount.  The 
exports  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 
1 7(^,  amounted  m  value  to  229,613  dol- 
lius.  Thatcher's  liland,  on  which  aie 
two  lights  of  equal  height,  lies  clofe  to 
lire  S.  £.  (ide  of  the  cowiilhip,  which  is 
itfelf  joined  to  the  continent  by  a  beacii 
of  fand  wliich  is  vrry  rarely  overflowed 
by  the  water.  There  is  u  very  (xwtt  white 
land  here  fit  for  making  glaiii.  The  har- 
bour is  defended  by  a  battery  and  cita- 
del eredted  in  1795.  It  is  16  miles  N. 
K.  by  E.  of  Salem,  and  34  N.  E.  of 
Boiton. 

Gloucestkr,  the  north-weftern- 
molt  townfliip,  and  the  largclt,  in  Prov- 
idence CO.  Rhode-ifland,  iiaving  Con- 
uedicut  on  the  well,  and  Maflachufetts 
on  the  HOrch ;  and  contains  4025  inhab- 
itants. 

GLoucHSTEa  County^  in  New-Jeifey, 
is  bounded  north  by  Burlington  co,  Ibuth 
by  Salem,  Cumberland,  and  Caps  May 
counties,  eaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  welt  by  Delaware  river.  Its  Icngdi 
on  the  Delaware  is  about  ^0  miles,  &  on 
»he  lea  the  line  is  about  22  miles.  Great 
and  Little  Egg  harbour  rivers  are  both 
navigable  for  veilels  of  200  tons  about 
ao  miles  from  tluir  mouths  bee  Eg^ 
Harbour.  The  Itreams  wliich  fall  into 
Delaware  river  are  navijiable  lor  finall 
velTels,  u  few  miles  up  from  their 
moutlis,  and  afford  fome  Ihad,  rock, 
herrings,  and  perch.  The  adjacent  ill- 
ands  are  Red  Hank,  IVtt,  and  Old 
Man's  Creek  Iflands.  The  firfl  of 
wfiich  is  famous  in  the  l:iilory  of"  the 
American  war,  for  the  defi)erite  de- 
fence the  garriibn  upon  it  made,  to  pre- 
vent the  hiitilh  fleet  from  pallirfg  up  to 
Philadelphia.  The  ibil  of  this  county 
IS  a  mixture  of  land  and  loam,  and  the 
tM«a  boidcring  on  tlio  Deidware  is  in  a 
kjgh  ftiie  oi  caluviuoa.    The  chitf 


lirodudUonp  are  beef,  pork,  filh,"  hayj 
corn,  lumber,  butter,  cheefe,  &c.  It  is 
divided  into  10  townfliips,  viz.  Wood* 
bury,  Waterfbrd,  Newtown,  Gloucet- 
terTownlhip,  Gloucefter  Town,  Dept- 
ford,  Greenwich,  Woolwich,  Egg  Har- 
bour, ar'd  Galloway.  The  firlt  8  lie 
along  the  Delaware,  and  the  other  two 
on  the  oce.m.  Mulicus  river  divides 
this  county  from  Burlington,  and  is  nav- 
igable ao  miles  tor  venels  of  60  tons, 
Maurice  river  rifes  here,  runs  foutherly 
about  40  miles  through  Cumberland  co. 
into  Delaware  Bay,  is  navigable  for  vei- 
lels of  100  tons  15  miles,  and  for  fiial- 
lops  10  miles  farther.  It  contains  13,17a 
free  inhabitants,  and  191  Haves.  There 
are  found  in  this  county  quantities  of 
bog  iion  ore,  which  is  nianufaOitured  in- 
to pig  and  bar  iron,  and  hollow  ware, 
ileic  IS  alio  a  glals-houf&.  Chief  town, 
Woodbury,  9  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Gloucester,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
above  county,  on  the  eaft  lide  of  Dela- 
ware river,  3  miles  below  Philadelphia. 
It  was  formerly  the  county  town,  but  has 
now  fcarcely  the  appearance  of  a  village. 

Gloucester,  a  poit-town  in  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  in  the  county  of  its  own 
name,  on  a  point  of  land  on  the  N.  fide 
of  York  river,  partly  oppolite  York- 
Town,  17  miles  diftant. 

Gloucester.  County,  in  Virginia,  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated,  bounded  N. 
by  Piankitank  river,  which  feparates  it 
from  Middlefex,  eaft  by  Mathews  co. 
and  Chefapeak  Bay,  N.  W.  by  Kmg 
and  Queen,  S.  and  S.  W.  by  York  river, 
which  divides  it  from  York  co.  It  is 
about  55  miles  in  length,  and  30  m 
breadth,  and  contains  13,498  inhabit- 
ants, including  7063  flaves.  The  low 
lands  here  produce  excellent  barley, and 
Indian  corn,  the  ftaple  produce  of  the 
county.    Tobacco  is  little  attended  to. 

Gloucester  HouJ'c,  in  the  territory 
of  the  Hudibn's  Bay  Company,  is  on  die 
N.  fide  of  Mulquacobalton  Lake,  120 
miles  weft  of  Ofnaburgh  houlc.  N.  lat. 
J I  24,  W.  long.  86  59. 

Gr.ovtR,  a  townlhip  in  Vermont,  in 
Orleans  co.  north-eaft  of  Craftitorough, 
adjoining. 

Glvnn  CouKty,  in  the  Lower  diftrift 
of  Georgia,  bounded  call  by  the  ocean, 
north  by  Alatam:ilia  river,  which  fcjM- 
rates  it  from  Liberty  co.  and  ibuth  by 
Camden  co.  It  contains  413  inhablc- 
unts,  including  aij  llavcs.  Chief  town, 
Brur.f'Ai'.k. 

O.SA02.N7IUtTTiN, 


ry's 


G  O  ^ 

^HADENHUETTEH,  or  (jWilirwiaWM. 

i^fettlemeht  of  the  Moravians,  or  United 
irethren,  on  Muildcgum  river,  oppoiitc 
toSaleiti,  in  tile  lands  which  belonged  to 
the  Mahikan  Indians.  In  j'746  it  was  a 
plealknt  ^town,  inhabited  by  Chrillian 
Indians,  where  were  &  chapd,  miflioha- 
fy'a  huufe,  and  many  Indian  hoiifes. 
This  together  with  Schocnbiun  and  Sa- 
lem were  referved  by  Conjj/efs,  by  an 
ordinance,  May  ao,  178?,  tor  the  Chrif- 
tian  Indians  foimerlyfetoed  there ;  Sept. 
.-5,  1788,  it  was  cefolved  tlial  the  plat  of 
dach  town  (hould  ihake  up  4,000  ^cres,' 
and  the  grant  was  made  to  the  United 
Brethren  fpf  propaigating  the  gofpel 
among  tlie  heatlien. — ^Alib  the  name  of 
a  Moravian  fcttlenient  on  the  fouth-weft 
bank  of  I^high  river,  in  Pehnfylvaniaj 
about  39  miles  uorth-weft  of  Bethlehem. 

Gn  ADEN  Hu  EtTt  N  NE\v,a  Moravian 
fettlenient  on  Huroo  river,  which  runs 
fouth-eailerly  into  Lake  St.  Clair,  in  the 
north-weft  territory.  It  is  about  24 
miles  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  a8  north- 
weft  of  Detroit. 

Goat  Ijcitu/;  in  the  State  of  Rhode- 
Ifland,  a  fmall  iftot,  oppoli'te  to  the  town 
of  Newport,  and  on  which  is  Fort 
Wafhington.  The  fort  has  been  lately 
repaired,  and  a  citadel  eredted  in  it. 
The  fort  has  been  ceded  to  the  United 
States, 

OoAVE  Le  Petit,  one  of  the  \veft 
jurifdiftions  of  the  French  part  of  St. 
Domingo.  It  contains  5  parifhes,  is 
the  unhealthieft  part  of  die  colony,  the 
inhabitants  being;  fubjcdl  to  conftant  fe- 
vers, occalioned  by  the  badncfs  of  the 
waters.  Its  dependencies,  however,  are 
healthv,  and  remarkable  for  the  culture 
of  coffee.  Exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789, 
to  Dec.  .1 1,  of  the  fame  year  j  2  7,o9olbs 
whiteriigar--655,i87lbsDrcvvn-8o7,865 
lbs  coffee — ^OjOjslbs  cotton-^and  210 
.\bs  indigo.  The  town  of  the  fame  name 
is  fituatod  on  the  narroweft  part  of  the 
fouth-weftcrn  penbfula,  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  neckw  , 

GoiLANS,  PoiMT  AV,  a  promontory 
on  the  north  fide  of  Lake  Ontario, 
about  33  miles  fouth-wefterly  of  Fort 
Frontinac. 

GoFFSTOWN,  in  Hillftiorough  coun- 
ty, New-Hamp(hire,  on  the  weftcrn 
bdnk  of  Merrimack  river,  3  miles  from 
Amuflicag  Falls,  and  60  miles  weft  of 
Portfraouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1761,  and  contains  1,175  inhabitants. 
Some  pieces  ol  baked  eartlien  ware  have 
M 


fe  0  O 

been  found  in  this.townfliip^  from  whicli 
it  is  fuppofed  that  the  Indians  had  learn- 
ed the  liotters'  art ;  but  of  what  antiqui- 
ty the,fe  remnan.ts  are,  is  uncertain. 

GdiDEN  J/land  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  or  gUlfof  Darich,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Terra  Firma,  in  South  America, 
N.  lat.  9*'.  W.  Ion.  77"  10'. 

Gold  lUvet^  fituated  in  Terra  Firma, 
on  the  ifthmus  of  Darien,  fouthward  of 
the  •■iver  Santa  Maria  j  affording  much 
gold  duft,  from  whence  it  has  its  name, 

GOLDSBORouGH,apoft-town  in  Han- 
cock county,  Diftridt  of  Maine,  contain- 
taining  267  inhabitants.  It  was  incor- 
p6rated  in  1 7  89,  is  the  fouth-eaftemmoft 
town  in  the  county.  On  tlie  waters  of 
its  harbour  is  the  town  of  Waftiington. 
It  is  47  miles  eafteply  of  Penobfcot,  i8i 
fouth-eaft  of  Portland,  and  33onorth- 
eaft  of  Bofton.  N.  lat.  44°  19'. 
,  GoLPHiNGTON,  the  chief  town  of 
Wa(hington  county,  Georgia,  is  fituated 
near  the  head  of  Ogeeche  river,  about 
26  miles  eaft-fcuth-eaft  of  Occonee 
town,- 37  fouth-weft  of  Augufta,  and 
56  north-weft  of  Louifville; 

Gon  AiVEs,  a  bay  in  the  ifland  of  Hif-- 
paniqla,  ibutJi-eafcward  of  Cape  St. 
Nicholas,  in  about  19°  33'  N.  lat. 

Goochland,  a  county  in  Virginia* 
furrounded  by  Louil'a,  Fluvanna,  Hen- 
rico, Hanover,  and  Powhatan  counties* 
It  is  about  40  miles  long  and  14  broad,; 
and  contains  9,053  iiihaoitants,  includ- 
ing 4,656  flaves. 

Good  Hope,  a  Danifh  colony  la 
Weft  Greenland,  in  N.  lat.  64". 

Goose  Creek,  a  river  vhich  falls  in- 
to Potowmac  river,  about  a  mile  foutli- 
"caft  of  Thorpe,  in  Fairfax  county,  Vir- 
ginia. 

Gooseberry  Mcuntain,  in  New- 
York  State,  lies  on  the  weft  bank  of 
Hudfon's  river,  about  4  miles  louth  of 
Fort  George. 

Goose  KERRY  Jjlands  jind  Rocks,  On 
the  coaft  ot  Fll'ex  county,  Mafikchufetts, 
have  be^n  tlie  liccafioo  of  the  lofs  of 
many  valuable  veflbls.  'I'o  prevent  luch 
acciuenU!  in  future,  feamen  may  attend 
to  the  tollovving  particular  inforination, 
which  is  here  inferted  for  their  benefit. 
1'hc  north  pait  of  Goofeberry  great 
rock  v.ith  the  north  of  Cat  Illand,  bears 
S.  54  \V.  from  the  beacon  on  Ba- 
ker's Ifland.  The  wcftem  Goofeberry 
S.  41  \V.  the  diftante  ncaily  thiee- 
fouiths  of  ;t  mile.  The  norvherii 
r»M  c-f  the  weJiw'iiiGouiebcrry  i;vi.'\.» 

ti 


G  O  tt 


OR  A 


td  from  the  beacon  over  the  point  of 
land  running  out  from  it.  The  eaftern 
Goofeberry  bears  S.  a6  W.  and  it  is 
ihoal  as  far  as  the  weflern  breaker. 
The  eaftern  breaker  lies  S.  .^5  £.  and 
the  weftem  breaker  S.  29  E.  The  eaft- 
ern breaker  is  about  the  fame  diilknce 
from  the  beacon,  as  the  weftern  Goofe- 
berry, but  the  eaftern  Goofeberry  falls 
■withm  that  diftance.^  Satan  appears  S. 
3»  W.  and  halfway  rock  S.  3  W-  at 
the  diftance  of  1^  miles.  The  inner 
part  of  Cat  Ifland  is  above  *  miles  from 
the  beacon,  and  With  the  beacon  to  the 
fouthward  the  Goofeberry  rock  bears 
only  I  a  minutes.  The  weftern  dry 
breaker  extends  from  a8  to  3a ;  and 
the  eaftern  from  31  to  3a.  Halfway 
rock  with  the  beacon  from  Cat  Ifland 
is  65  to  the  fouthward. 

Gore  I/land,  difcovered  by  Capt. 
Cook,  in  his  laft  voyage.  N.  lat.  64* 
W.  long.  169'. 

GoRTA,  St.  Maria  la,  a  finall  ifl- 
and in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  lat.  a  6**  35' 
W.  long.  1350;  .  .    „     . 

G  EC  RG I  AN  A,  the  name  ongmally  giv- 
en in  the  charter,  to  a  traft  of  country 
in  the  Province  of  Maine. 

GoNAVE,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Leogane,  in  the  weftern  part  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  14I  leagues 
long,  and  unifomily  about  3  broad,  ex- 
cept a  very fmall  ijartateach  extremity. 
Ptfliie  Gonave,  an  ifle  about  a  miles  each 
way,  is  feparated  from  the  fouth-eaft 
corner  of  the  former,  by  a  channel  3 
miles  wide.  Gonave  is  1^4  leagues  W.. 
by  N.  W.  of  Port-au-Prince  ;  and  its 
■weft  point  is  27i^  leagues  E.-byN».of 
€ape  Dame  Marie. 

GoN.'  IVES,  a  fea-port  in  the  fame 
ifland,  at  die  head  ot  a  bay  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  north  lide  of  the  bay  of 
Leogane.  The  town  is  (ituated  on  the 
great  road  from  Port  de  Paix  to  St. 
Mark,  16  leagues  foutheaft  of  the  for-^ 
mer  and  i-  N.  by  E.  of  the  latter,  N. 
lat.  19'  37'  W.  long,  from  Paris  75" 
a'  30". 

GoRGONA,  afmalliflandof  the  South 
Sea,  about  n  miles  W.  of  the  coaft  of 
Peru,.S.  lat.  3'  ao'. 

GoRHAM,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
county,  Maine,  on  the  north-eaft  fide  of 
Saco  river,  15  miles  from  Pepperelbo- 
lough  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  130 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1764)  andcontaixis  3,244  in- 
habitants.. ■     ,;  .    :'    ,-V'  .  ■       f.- 


GoscHGoscHUENCK,  a  town  of  the 
Delawares,  confifting  of  3  villages  fit- 
uated  oh  the  banks  of  the  Ohiov  Its'' 
name  fignifi'es  the  habitation  of  owls y 
from  the  number  of  thefc  birds  who  re- 
fort  here. 

Goshen,  a'  toWhftiip  in  Hampfliire 
county,  Maflachufetts,  between  Cum- 
min gton  and  Conway,  i+rtiles  north  of 
Northampton,  and  na  W.  by  N.  of 
Bciflxyn.  It  was  incorporated  in  1781, 
and  contains-  £3x  inhabitants. 

GosHENf,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon 
county,  Vermont,  adjoiiimg  to  Salifl^ury 
on  the  weft,  and  ai  miles  N.  E.  by  E. 
of  Mount  Independencfe. 

Goshen,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania. 

Goshen,  a  town  in  Litchfield  coun- 
ty, Coraietfhctity  famous  for  the  produc- 
tion of  excellent  cheefe.  It  is  7  miles  N. 
by  N.  W.  of  Litchfield,  and  50  north- 
ward of  New-Haven. 

Goshen,  the  moft  confiderable  town 
in  Orange  county,  New-York,  about  58' 
miles  north  of  New- York  city,  ao  W. 
by  S.  of  New-Windfor,  and  30  W.  by 
S.  of  Fifli-Kill.  This  town  is  pleafantly 
fituated,containing  about6o  or  7ohoufes» 
an  acadiemy,  court-houfe,gaol,  and  Pref- 
byterian  church.  ^  The  townfliip  con- 
tains 2,448  inhaUtants;  of  whom  316 
areeledtors. 

GosHGOSHiNK.a  Moravian  fettle- 
ment  in  Pennfylvania,  fituatcd  on  Alle- 
ghany river,  about  1 5  miles  above  Ven- 
ango, or  Fort  Franklin; 

GosfoFtT,  formerly  called  Appledore, 
a  fifliing  town  on  Star  Ifland,  one  of  the 
ifles  of  Shoals,  belonging  to  Rockingham 
county,  New-Hampmire,  containing  93 
inhabitants.  It  lies  about  la  miles  £. 
S.  E.  of  Pifcataqua  harbor.    See  Shoals. 

Gotham,  a  fmall  village  in  Mary- 
land', about  4  or  J  miles  north  of  Balti- 
more city.. 

Govandore,  a  bay  on'  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  South-America. 

Gracias  A  Dios,  a  town  belonging 
to  the  province  of  Honduras,  or  Com- 
aiagua,,  and  audience  of  Guatimala.  It 
is  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  upon 
a  rocky  mountain,  which  has  fome  gold' 
mines  in  its  neighbourhood.  It  was 
built  the  fame  year  as  was  Vallidolid, 
the  capital,  (from  which  it  lies  about  27 
leagues  to  the  weft)  for  the  fecurity  of 
the  miners.  Alfo  a  cape  on  this  coaft 
difcovered  by  Columbus,  N.  lat.  14* 
3  y  W.  long.  84"  13'. 

Graftoi*"* 


G 

ihire 

fuutl 

fcoro 

State 

tria 

as  mi 


G  H  A 

CfxATTON  County,  in  New-Hamp- 
Ihire,  is  bounded  north  by  Canada ; 
ibuth  by  the  counties  of  Strafford,  Hillf- 
ttorougn,  and  Cheftiire  ;  weft  by  the 
State  of  Vermont,  and  eaft  by  the  Dif- 
%nSt  of  Maine.  It  comprehends  nearly 
as  much  territory  as  all  the  other  four 
cojinti.es,  but  is  by  no  means  fo  liiiclcly 
fettled.  It  is  divided  into  so  townflups, 
and  17  locations,  and  contains  i3>47> 
inhabitants,  of  whom  «i  ate  flavcs.  The 
increafe  of^population  fmte  the  eoume- 
ration  of  1 790  has  been  great. 

GRAFroN,  a  townfhip  in  the  county 
of  its  name  in  New-Hamp{hire,  13  miles 
S.  £.  of  Dartmouth  college  and  19  S. 
W.  of  Plymouth.  It  was  mcorporated 
in  1778,  and  contains  403  inhabitants. 
Lapis  Jpeculeirijf  commonly  -  called 
ifing-glals,  of  the  beft  quality,  i«  found 
in  this  town,  in  a  mountain  about  «o 
miles  eaftward  of  Dartmouth  college. 
It  is  found  adhering  to  the  rocks  of 
Avhite  or  yellow  quartz,  and  lying  in  la- 
niinae,  like  flieets  of  paper.  It  is  found 
ill  other  places  in  the  State  in  iinailer 
pieces. 

Grafton,  Hit  Hajfanam'tfco  of  the 
Indians,  a  townfhip  in  Worceller  coun- 
ty, Maflachufetts,  containing  900  inhabits 
ants  J  40  miles  S.  W.  of  Bolton,  8  eaft- 
erly  of  Worcefter,  and  34  N,  W,  of 
Providence. 

Grainger,  Fort,  {lands  on  the  N. 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  Holfton  river  in 
TennefTee. 

Grainger,  the  name  given  to  a  new 
county,  in  the  diftri(fl  of  Hamilton,  State 
of  Tennefiee,  formed  of  parts  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Knox,  JefFcrfon  and  Hawkins, 
and  called  after  the  maiden  name  of  the 
Lady  of  Gov.  William  Blount. 

Graiso,  L'Ance  la,  a  fettlement 
in  Louiiiana. 

Granada,  or  GrrnaeLt,  the  moft 
foutherly  of  the  Caribbee  Iflands  in  the 
Weft  Indies,  lituated  between  11°  58' 
and  iz^ao'N.  lat.  and  between  61"  2p' 
and  61"  35'  W.long.  about  xp  leagues 
N.  W.  of  Tobago,  and  ao  N.  of  New 
Andalufia,  on  the  continent  of  America; 
.•?o  leagues  S.  W.  of  Barbadoes,  and  70 
from  Martinico.  Its  extreme  length  is 
about  28  miles,  and  its  breadth  i.^  miles. 
Tt  contains  about  8o,coo  acres  of  land ; 
of  which  (although  no  Icfs  than  74,141 
acres  paid  taxes  in  1776,  yet)  the  quan- 
tity under  cultivation  never  exceeded 
^<! 0,000  acres.  The  face  of  the  country 
K  mountainous,  but  not  inacceilible  in 


G  R  A 

any  part ;  and  it  abounds  with  fittings 
ana  rivulets.  The  exports  of  the  ifland 
and  its  dependencies  in  1776,  were  val* 
ued  at  the  oorts  of  (hipping,  to  be  vorth 
600,000/.  fterling.  The  lugar'-was  the 
produce  of  xo6  plantations ;  and  they 
were  worked  by  18,293  negroes  ;  whicn 
was  more  than  a  hogihead  of  Mufcovado 
fugar  of  i6cwt.  from  the  labour  of  each 
negro,  old  and  young,  employed  io 
its  cultivation  and  manufadure— a  re- 
turn unequalled  hy  any  other  Britifh  ifl- 
and in  the  Weft-Indies,  St.  Chrifto- 
pher's  excepted,  rhe  exports  of  1 7  8  7 
were  inferior  :  by  the  prices  in  London^ 
the  value  of  the  cargoes  was,  however, 
jC6  14,908  19:3  and  confilled  of  the  fol- 
lowing articles  (hipped  off  in  188  vef^ 
fels,  viz.  I75,j48cwt.  9lbs.  fugar— 
670,390  gallons  of  rum — ^4,300  gallons 
molafTes — 8,8i2cwt.  aqrs.  4lbs.  coflFee 
— a,7i6cwt.  3qrs.  iSlbs.  cocoa — 2,062, 
4S7lt».  cotton — a,8iolbs.  indigo;  be- 
fides  hides,  dying  woods,  &c.  The  ex- 
ports to  the  American  States,  included  in 
the  above  fum,  amountedto ^^24,597  4/. 

This  ifland  is  divided  into  fix  parifli- 
cs,  St.  George,  St.  David,  St.  Andrew, 
St.  Patrick,  St.  Mark,  and  St,  John  ;  and 
its  chief  dependency,  Caiiacou  ifland 
forms  a  7th  parifli,  Befides  St.  George's, 
the  capital,  the  other  towns  are  in(r;on- 
fiderable  villages,  generally  fituated  at 
the  bays  or  (iiipping  places  in  the  fever- 
al  parifties.  Beiides  the  capital,  Gren- 
ville,  or  La  Bay,  is  a  port  of  entry, 
with  diftin(5t  revenue  officers,  inde^ 
pendent  of  St.  George's.  The  white 
population  has  decreafed  considerably 
lince  Granada  and  the  Granadines  were 
in  pofleflion  of  the  Britifli.  In  1771, 
there  were  above  1,600;  in  1777  only 
1,300,  and  now  there  are  not  above 
1,000  :  of  which  number,  two-thirds 
are  incorporated  into  five  regiments  of 
militia,  including  a  company  of  free 
blacks  or  mulattoes,  attached  to  each. 
There  are  likewife  about  500  regular 
troops  on  the  Britifli  cftablifhment. 
The  free  people  of  colour  amount  to 
1,115.  In  itS.?  there  were  23,926  ne- 
gro flaves.  The  above  was  the  (late 
of  the  ifland  prior  to  the  late  infurrec- 
tion, 

A  chain  of  mountains  croflcs  the  ifland 
from  N.  to  S.  The  air  is  good  ;  and 
the  foil  fruitful  in  all  productions  com- 
mon to  the  climate.  Several  of  the  rivers 
have  their  fource  in  a  lake  of  a  circular 
form, called  Grand  Etang,  in  the  highell 

ground 


1  Ml,   . ,  ■« 


*-*• 


\-t^ 


■         ,1    -J 


C  R  A 


^  R  A 


ml 


I  i:i 


jgroiind  in  the  ifland.  The  high  roa(3 
yrhich  runs  nearly  the  whole  length  of 
the  ifland  is  very  near  it ;  and  on  the 
oppofite  fide  of  the  road,  in  this  elevated 
fpot,  is  a  genteel  taVcrn,  for  the  acconi- 
modation  of  travellers.  Here  the  air  is 
always  cooled  by  rpfrefhing  breez.es ; 
and  the  profpedl  is  delightrul  and  ex- 
tenfive.  On  the  fea-coaft,  about  half 
way  from  St.  George's  to  Goave,  feme 
of  the  high  rocks  arc  formed  into  bafal- 
tic  colurnns  from  20  to  30  feet  high, 
and  appear  like  regular  malbn  worjc, 
impaired  by  time.  _ 

Granada  'A'as  difcovcred  by  Colum- 
bus in  his  third  voyage  in  1498.  The 
Caribbees  were  a  numerous  and  warlike 
people,  who  happily  remained  in  peace- 
liil  oblcurity  until  the  year  1650;  ibon 
after  which  the  French,  by  a  feries  of 
f?normities,  exterminated  that  devoted 
people.  Granad^  was  ceded  to  Great- 
Britain  in  176J,  was  taken  by  theFrench 
during  the  American  war,  and  at  the 
peace  of  1783  was  jreftored  tp  Great- 
|}ritain. 

Granada,  a  town  of  Nicaragua  and 
audience  of  Guatimala,  in  Soutn-Ame- 
rica.  It  is  feated  70  miles  from  the  fea, 
pn  a  lake  of  the  lame  name,  by  means 
of  which  the  inhabitants  carry  on  a 
great  trade.  John  David,  a  Dutchman, 
J)il]aged  this  town  in  the  laft  century 
with  90  men,  when  oppofcd  by  at  lean: 
800  inhabitants.  N.  hit.  11"  38';  W. 
long.  870. 

Oranada,  New,  a  province  of  Ter- 
ra Firma,  South-America.  It  contains 
Tnines  of  gold,  coppery  ancl  iron.  San- 
ta Fe  dc  Bagota  is  the  capital. 

Gravadillof-s,  or  Grenadines,  a 
Jcnot  of  dangerous  iiflands  and  rocks  near 
the  Icewnrd  iflands,  where  thp  greatert 
phunnel  is  but  3  or  4  leagues  broad. 
They  lie  about  the  i8th  dtj^ree  of  lali- 
iturle,  and  are  a  range  of  fmall  iflands 
and  rocks  dependent  on  Granada.  This 
archipelago,  whpfe  length  is  about  14 
leagues,  contains  4,5  iflands  fit  to  pro- 
duce cotton,  coffee,  indigo,  and  even 
fngar.  The  air  is  healthy,  but  there  are 
no  running  fprings  of  frelh  water.  The 
moH:  confiderable  at  the  N.  end  of  the 
ciiain  is  n<n  above  two  lcr.gue3  from  St. 
Vincent,  and  is  called  Eecoiiya,  or  Be- 
<]uia  ;  but  the  Frrnch  called  it  Little  Mur- 
tinico.  Befides  this, there  are  the  ilUnds 
pf  MoHiitos  and  Cannaouan  ;  Frigate 
and  Union  Iflands  are  between  Beconva 
and  Caiiacoy.     The  Crifoa,  aiul  llic  | 


Diamond  onRhonde  Iflj^nds,  arc  tht^avn 
principal  ones  among  thofe  which  fiU 
up  the  interval  between  Cariacou  and 
Granada. 

G^ANBY,a  townfhip  in  E(&xcountyi 
Vermont. 

Gp.anbv,  a  townflnip  in  I-Iampflitre  • 
county,  Maflachuletts,  fe.  of  South-Ha4- 
iey,  apbut  90  miles  wefterly  of  Bofton ; 
was  incorporated  io  X768,  and  contains 
596  inhabitants.  .     ] 

Gran  BY,  a  towofliip  in  Hartford 
county,  Connecfticut,  on  the  line  which 
feparates  Conncifticut  from  Maflachu- 
fetts.  It  was  formerly  a  part  of  Symf- 
bury,  and  is  18  miles  north  of  Hartford. 

Granby,  a  fmall  town  on  the  Con- 

f;aree,  in  S.  Csrolina,  about  a  miles  bq- 
ow  the  junflion  of  Broad  and  Saluda 
rivers.  Here  a  curious  bridge  has  been 
built,  whofe  arches  are  fupported  by 
wooden  pillars,  ftrimgly  fecured  in  iron 
work,  fixed  in  the  fohd  ••"'•k^  Its  height 
is  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the  water. 
The  centre  arch  is  upwards  of  100  feet 
in  the  clear,  to  give  a  paflage  to  large 
trees  which  are  always  broiight  down 
by  the  flpods.  The  ingenious  architeA 
has  the  toll  fecured  to  bim  by  the  Legif' 
lature  for  100  years. 

Grande,  a  riyer  in  South-America, 
iri  Peru,  near  Cayanta ;  remarkable  (oi 
its  fands  enriched  \vith  gold  duft. 

Grand  Bav,  on  the  S.  W.  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  ifland,  19  leagues  north- 
eaflrerly  of  North  Cape  in  the  ifland  of 
Cape  Breton. 

Grawde  Riviere,  a  fetrJement  in  a 
hilly  trai"^  of  the  ifland  of  St.  t)omingo, 
6i  leagues  fouth-weft:  of  Fort  Dauphin, 
and  4I  leagues  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Ruphael, 
in  the  Spanifh  part  of  the  ifland,  N.  lat. 
19°  .iVt  W.  long,  from  Paris  74,°  ^o'. — 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  fmall  river,  in  the 
fame  ifland,  which  rifes  at  Limonadc, 
and  empties  into  the  fea  at  Qr.  NJorin, 
S  leagues  eaft  of  Cape  Francoi?^ 

Grande  ScAux,  an  Indian  nation, 
who  inhabit  fouth  of  the  Miffouri,  and 
can  furnilh  800  -warriors. 

Grand  F^z/rrj-jfeyeral  large  detach- 
ed mountains  in  the  Ibuih-caft  corner  of 
Tennefl'ee,  in  which  are  the  head  waters 
of  French  Broad  and  Cataba  rivers. 

Grand  ///cr,  arc  two  large  iflands  in 
Lake  Cham  plain  ;  each  about  8  or  10 
miles  long,  and  each  fbnv.s  a  townflii;i 
belonging  to  Vermont.  See  SoatJi  hd* 
fo,  and  A'orf/}  Hero. 

Geand  IJi'iinJ,  at  the  mouth  of  Lak^ 

Ontario, 


OR  A 

^n^e,  is  within  tlie  Britini  territories, 
^aviftg  'Roebuck  and  Furcft  iflacdls  "n 
tj)e  fouth-v/eft,  and  the  Thoufand  Ifles 
CO  'tllie  oorth-eaft.  It  is  20  miles  in 
length,  dimL  its  grcateft  brcadtli  is  4 
miles. 

Grand  Jflandt  ip  Lake  Superior,  lies 
oui  the  north  fide  of  the  lake. 

G^k^n  Iftand,  in  Niagara  river,  is 
about  is  inilips  long  and  t,  broiid.  The 
jEbiith  end  is  4  miles  nortli  of  Fort  Erie  ; 
>nd  its  northern  extremity .?  miles  fputh 
<of  Fort  Slufher,  and  nearly  14  foutlx  of 
Niagara  fort. 

Gra:<d  Lakct  in  the  province  of  New 
Bruniwick,  near  jhe  river  St.  John's,  is 
faid  to  be  30  miles  in  length,  8  or  10 
in  breadth,  and  it)  fome  places  40  fath- 
.oms  deep. 

Grand  Manan  IJIard,  lies  6  miles 
S.  by  S.  E.  of  Campo-Bello  Ifland,  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  oppofite  to  Pafla- 
piaquoddy  Bay,  on  the  eallern  border 
pf  the  United  States. 

Grand  River  runs  a  north-weft 
pourfe  into  Lake  Erie,  %o  miles  belpw 
the  Forks,  89  jpiks  fouth-well  pf 
Prefque  Ijle. 

'  Grange,  Capt  La,  or  Cape  Mor,te 
Chrtflt  on  the  north  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo.  It  is  a  high  hill,  in  the 
^rm  ojf  a  tent,  and  may^e  fecn  by  the 
jiaked  eye  at  Cape  Francois,  from  which 
jt  is  1 4  leagues  E.  by  N.  A  ftrip  of  land 
jpins  it  to  the  territory  of  Monte  Chrift; 
lb  tliat  at  a  diftance  it  feems  to  be  an 
ifland.  The  cruifers  fiom  Janoaica  often 
|ie  pff  here.  This  cape  hcs  in  lat.  19° 
54'  '30"  N.'  and  loiig.  74°  9'  ^c-'  W. 
trpra  Paris  ;  and  with  Foint  dc  Dunes 
forrns  thq  rnouth  of  the  bay  of  Monte 
fhrift}  which  fee. 

Granville,  a  fine  townfliip  in  An- 
napolis county,  Nova-Scotia.  It  lies 
on  the  north  fide  of  Annapolis  river,  on 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  is  30  miles  in 
length  J  firil  fettled  from  Ncv-fing- 
|iind. 

Granvilj,!,  a  tpwnlhip  in  Hamp- 
fliire  county,  M.iflachufetts,  about  14 
piiles  weft  of  Springfield.  It  was  in- 
jiorpprated  in  1754,  and  contains  1979 
inhabitants. 

Granville,  a  townfhip  in  Wafbing- 
ton  county,  New  York,  containing,  2*40 
inhabitants,  pf  whom  41a  are  electors. 

Granvijule  County^  in  Hill(bo- 
rpiigh  diftri<Sl  in  North-Carolina,  has 
the  State  of  Virginia  nordi,  and  con- 
Ifiins  10,989  iphubita^ts,  ofiwhpiiji  4i6j 


«  R^& 

are  flavcs.    Chief  town,  Williamfturg^ 

Granville,  ;f  ^ouri/lung  town  m 
Kentucky. 

Grass,  a  river  in  New  ^uth  Wales. 

G41ATKS,  a  point  of  Imd  on  tlic  caft 
fide  of  Newfoundland  Ifland. 

ClRAVE  Cref.k,  on  the  Ohio,  j% 
miles  down  tjie  river  fiona  Wheeling. 
Here  is  a  mound  of  earth,  plainly  the 
work  of  art,  called  an  Indian  grave. 
It  is  of  a  copical  form,  in  height  about 
80  feet.  It  afcends  in  an  angle  of  aboqt 
So*".  ,  The  diameter  at  the  top  is  about 
60  feet ;  the  margin  enclofing  a  regulaf 
concave,  funk  about  4  fcct  in  the  cen- 
tre. Near  the  top  ftands  an  oak,  about 
3  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  faid  the  Indian* 
hare  no  tradition  what  nation  ever  buri- 
ed their  dead  in  this  manner.  On  ex- 
amination, thefe  mounds  have  beeii 
found  to  contain  a  chalky  fubftance, 
fuppofed  to  be  bones  of  the  human  kind. 

Gravesend,  Port  of, is  fituated  on 
the  fouth-weftern  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Jamaica,  in  a  large  bay.  It  lias  two 
channels;  the  Leeward  and  the  Main 
Channel,  ^nd  affotifs  good  anchorage 
for  large  veflels. 

GRAVESEND,afoall  village  in  King's 
county,  Lqng-lfland,  I^ew-York,  7  miTes 
N.  by  E.  of  the  city.  The  townftijp  of 
Its  name  contains  436  inhabitants. 

Qray,  a  poft-town  in  tlic  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  in  Cumberland  county,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  The  townfl\ip 
was  incorporated  in  1778,  and  contains 
577  inhabitants. 

Great  Bank  of  N?wfounblani>. 
This  noted  fifliing  bank  extends  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  is  almoft  of  a  trian- 
gular fliape.  Between  it  and  the  ifland 
on  the  weft  is  a  broad  channel  of  deep 
water.  It  lies  between  41'  o'  and  50* 
84'  N.  lat.  and  between  49''  45'  and  54' 
45'  W-  long. 

Great  Bear  Lake,  a  water  which 
runs  Tveftwaid,  and  flows  into  M'Ken- 
zie's  river  in  the  north-weft  part  of  N. 
Anjerica  ;  not  far  from  the  ar^ic  circle^ 
Its  mouth  is  150  yards  wide. 

Great  Alligator  Dismal.  See 
Difntal. 

Great  Barrington,  a  townCup  in 
the  fputii-weftern  part  of  the  State  of 
MaffachufettSjin  Berklhire  county,  lyings 
fourii  of  Stockbridge,  i.?o  miles  weft  ot 
BoftoD,  and  z6  £.  by  S.  of  Hudfon  city, 
New-York. 

Great  Famine,  a  river  inNew- 
Ycfk  which  rifes  ia  the  mountains' near 

the 


»'fA 


M 


G  R  E 


G  R  E 


W'^r 


mi 


li 


I  M 


4tit  fource  of  Oneida  river,  and  flows 
N.  W,  by  W.  to  Lake  Ontario.  Its 
mouth  is  lo  miles  fouth.wefterly  from 
the  mouth  of  Black  river. 

Great  Ego  Harbour^  &c.  See  Egg 
Harbour. 

G«EAT  Island  in  Pifcataqua  har- 
bour, Ncw-Hampfliire. 

Great  Kan  haw  ay,  a  large  river 
which  flows  through  the  eaftern  bank 
of  the  Ohio  in  39°  5'  N.  lat.  nearly  500 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  The  current 
IS  gentle  for  about  10  or  i  a  miles,  \yhen 
it  becomes  confidcrably  rapid  for  up- 
wards of  60  miles  farther,  where  you 
meet  with  the  fii  ft  falls,  when  it  becomes 
impofllble  to  navigate  it  from  the  great 
rumberof  its  cataradts. 

Great  Mecatina,  an  ifland  on  the 
Labrador  coaft.  Its  foitdiern  extremity 
lies  in  50"  43'  N.  lat. 

GREATPELiCAN7/7^«il  SctPe/icatt. 

Great  Sodus.    See  Sod/iT. 

Great  Swamp,  between  Northamp- 
ton and  Lucern  counties,  in  Pennfylva- 
,nia.  This  fwamp,  on  examination  and 
furvey,  is  found  to  be  good  farm  land ; 
thickly  covered  vith  beach  and  fugar. 
maple. 

Great  Ridge,  one  of  the  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which  fepa- 
rates  the  waters  of  the  Savannah  and 
Alatamaha. 

At  the  fouth-caft  promontory  of  the 
Great  Ridge  is  that  extraordinary  place 
cdled  Buttaloe  Lick,  diftant  about  80 
miles  from  Augufta.  It  occupies  feveral 
acres  of  ground.  A  large  cane  fwamp 
and  meadows,  forming  an  immenfe 
plain,  He  fouth-eaft  from  it ;  in  this 
fwamp  Mr.  Bartram  thinks  the  branches 
of  the  Great  Ogeeche  take  their  rife. 
The  Lick  is  nearly  level,  and  lies  be- 
tween the  head  of  the  cane  fwamp,  and 
the  afcent  of  the  Ridge.  The  earth,  from 
the  fuperficies  to  an  unknown  depth,  is 
an  almoft  white  or  cinerous  coloured, 
tenacious,  fattifti  clay,  which  all  kinds 
of  cattle  lick  into  great  caves,  purfuing 
the  delicious  vein.  Mr.  Bartram  could 
not  difcover  any  thing  faline  in  its  tafte, 
but  an  infipid  fweetnefs.  Horned  cattle, 
horfes,  and  deer,  are  immoderately  fond 
of  it ;  infomuch  that  their  excrement, 
which  almoft  totally  covers  the  earth  to 
fome  diftanee  round  this  place,  appears 
to  be  perfeft  clay  ;  which  when  dried 
by  the  fun  and  air,  is  almoft  as  hard  as 
■brick. 

X2&EAT  Speirqsi  isan  amazing  fouti* 


Uun  of  tranfparent,  cool  water,  fituatei 
near  the  road,  about  mid-way  between 
Augufta  and  Savannah.  It  breaks  fud- 
denly  out  of  the  earth  at  the  bafis  of  a 
moderately  elevated  hill  or  bank,  forni- 
ina  at  once  a  bafon  near  oo  yards  over, 
afcending  through  a  horizontal  bed  of 
foft  rocI;s,  chiefly  a  teftaceous  concre- 
tion of  broken,  entire,  and  pulverized 
fea-fliells,  fand,  &c.  conftitutinc  a  coarf^ 
kind  of  lime-ftone.  The  ebullit'on  is 
copious,  active,  and  continual,  over  the 
ragged  apertures  in  the  rocks,  which  lie 
fcven  or  eight  feet  below,  fwelling  the 
furface  confidcrably,  immediately  above 
it ;  the  waters  defcend  fwiftly  from  th? 
fountain,  forming  at  once  a  large  brook, 
fix  or  eight  yards  over,  and  five  or  fix 
feet  deep.  There  arc  multitudes  of  fi(h 
in  the  fountain  of  various  tribes  ;  chiefly 
the  f?veral  fpecies  of  bream,  trout,  cat- 
fiih,  and  garr,  which  are  beheld  contin- 
ually afcending  and  defctnding  through 
the  rpcky  apertures.  Bartram,  from 
whofe  travels  the  above  is  taken,  ob- 
ferves,thathe  crofllcd  no  ftream  or  brook 
of  water  within  la  or  15  miles  of  this 
fountain,  but  had  in  view  vaft  favannahs, 
iwamps,  and  cane  meadows,  which  h? 
conjedures  are  the  refervohs  which  feed 
this  delightful  grotto. 

Greene,  «  county  in  Walhington 
diftri(5l,  State  of  Tenncflee. 

Green,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania. — Alfo  a  toWnfliip  in 
Wafliington  county  in  the  fame  State. 

Green,  apoft-town  in  Lincoln  coun- 
ty, in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  fituated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Androfcoggin  river,  31 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittfton,  39  north  of 
Portland,  and  164  N-  by  E.  of  Bofton, 
containing  639  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  navigable  river  of  Ken» 
tucky,  which  rifes  in  Mercer  county,  has 
a  gentle  current,  and  is  navigable  nearly 
150  miles.  Its  courfe  is  generally  weft  ; 
and  at  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio  is 
upwards  of  200  yards  wide.  Between 
the  mouth  of  Green  river  and  Salt  rivr 
er,  a  diftanee  of  nearly  200  miles,  the 
land  upon  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  are 
jjenerally  fertile  and  rich  ;  but,  leaving 
Its  banks,  you  fall  into  the  plain  country, 
which  is  copfidered  as  little  better  than 
barren  land.  On  this  river  are  a  num- 
ber of  Salt  fprings  or  licks.  There  are 
three  fprings  or  ponds  of  bitumen  near 
this  river,  which  do  not  form  a  ftream,' 
but  empty  themfelves  into  a  common  re- 
fervoifi  and  when  ufed  ii)  lamps,  anfwer^ 

alt 


all  the  purpofes  of  the  beft  oil.  Vafl 
quantititis  of  nitre  are  found  in  the  caves 
i)Q  its  banks ;  und  many  of  the  i'etttcrs 
manufaifture  their  own  gunpowder. 

Gkeen  Bay,  or  Puan  Ba^,  a  fouth- 
Weftern  branch  of  Lake  Michigan.  See 
Michiji;tin,  Puati,  and  H^iu/idit^o.^ 

Grees,  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  in 
the  town  of  Marlborough  in  Vermont, 
and  falls  into  Conncdicut  river  above 
Deerfield,  in  Maflachufctts. 

Green  Bria-r,  a  large  and  fertile 
county  of  Virginia,  furroundcd  by  Bath, 
Randolph,  Hairifon,  Kanhaway,  Bote- 
tourt, aiid  Montgomery  counties.  It 
is  about  TOO  miles  long  and  45  broad ; 
and  together  with  Kanhaway  county, 
which  was  formerly  a  part  of  it,  contains 
6,015  iiiliabitants,  including  319  Haves. 
There  is  a  large  cave  on  Rich  Creek  in 
this  county,  tl)e  earth  at  the  bottom  of 
which  ih  ftrongiy  impregnated  with  ful- 
phur.  Many  fuch  are  to  be  found  on 
Green  Bi  iar  river.  The  chief  town  is 
Lcwifburg.  At  Green  Briar  court-houfe 
is  a  poft-office,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Sweet  Springs,  and  103  weft  of  Staunton. 

Green  Briar  River  runs  a  S.  W. 
courfi;,  and  falls  into  tlie  eallern  fide  of 
the  Greiit  Kanluway,  at  tJie  place  where 
that  river  breaks  through  the  Laurel 
Kidge,  and  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of 
New  river,  in  N.  lat.  38. 

GREENBURGH,a  townfhip  inWeft- 
chefter  county.  New- York,  containing 
1400  inhabitants,  of  whom  i»»  are 
flaves,  and  164  areeledlocs. 

GreenbVsh,  a  townihip  in  Renfla- 
laer  county,  New- York  ;  164  of  its  in- 
habitants are  eleiftors. 

Grbencastle,  a  town  in  Franklin 
bounty,  Pennfylvania,  Ctuated  near  the 
Concgocheague  creek.  Here  are  a- 
bout  80  houfes,  i  German  churdies> 
and  a  FVefbyterian  church.  It  is  11 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chamberiburg,  and 
ij6  W.  by  S.^of  Philadelpliia. 

GREBSE,a  county  in  Kentucky,  ex- 
tending from  Ohio  river  on  tlie  north, 
to  Tenneffce  State  on  the  fouth>  and  bor- 
dering weft  on  the  MifliGppi  river,  and 
eaft  upon  Hardin  and  Jcfferfon  counties. 

Greene,  a  county  in  V7afliingt.on 
diftridt  in  the  State  of  Tenneflee,  having 
7,741  inhabitants^  of  whom  4^4  are 
flaves.  Greenville  college  has  been  ef- 
tablilhed  by  law  in  this  county.  It  is 
fituated  between  two  fmall  northern 
branches  of  Nolachucky  river,  about 
15  miles  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Jooefborough, 


ore; 

and  54  caft  of  the  mouth  of  Frenih- 
Broad  river. 

Greene,  a  townihip  in  Tioga  county^ 
New-York,  on  the  eait  fide  of  Chenen-' 
go  river. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  upper  dif- 
tritft  of  Georgia,  bounded  weft  by  the 
upper  part  of  Oconee  river,  ealt  by 
WiU&es  county,  and  ibuth  by  that  of 
Wafliington.  It  contains  5,405  inhab- 
itants, mduding  1,377  ^iives.  Chief 
town,  Greenlborough. 

Green  FIELD,  a  handfomeflouriihing 
town  in  Hamplhire  county,  Mafliichu- 
fetts,  about  4  miles  north  of  Dccrficld, 
and  114  W.  by  N.  of  Ijoft»n.  The 
townfhip  lies  on  the  weft  bank  of  Con- 
ne<flicut  river,  was  incorporated  in  1 73  3, 
and  contains  1,498  inhabitants.  A  com- 
pany was  incorporated  in  1796  to  build 
,  a  bridge  over  Conne<5licut  river,  to  con-« 
ncdl  this'  town  with  Montague. 

Greenfield,  a  townihip  in  Saratov 
ga  county.  New- York  j  380  of  the  in-» 
Habitants  are  eledors. 

Green  I/laiid,  or  Serpent  IJlani^  one 
of  the  lefler  Virgin  iflands,  which  is 
claimed  by  the  Spaniards,  and  Htuated 
near  the  eaft  end  of  Porto-Rico. 

Green  Ijlaiid  Harbour  lies  on  the 
I  weftem  end  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 
It  furnifhes  good  anchorage,  having 
Davis's  Cove  on  the  north-eaft,  and  ' 
Half-Moon  and  O'range  bays  ea  the 
fouth-wefl:. 

GRBENLA.ND,  a  town  in  Rocking- 
ham county,  Ncw-Hampfhire,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  ocean,  5  miles  foutherly 
from  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1 7 13,  and  contains  634  inhabitants. 

Gr t  e N  L  AN  n.  This  extenfive  coun- 
try properly  belongs  to  neither  of  the 
two  continents  ;  unlefs,  as  fcenas  prob- 
able, it  be  united  to  America  to  the 
northward  of  Davis's  Straits.  It  is  bound- 
ed by  Davis's  Straits  on  the  weft ;  to  the 
northward  by  fome  wiknown  ocean,  or 
by  the  north  pole  j  eatt,by  the  Icy  Sea> 
and  a  ftrait  which  feparatcs  it  from 
Iceland  ;  fouth-eaft  by  the  Atlantic 
ocean  ;  Ibuth  it  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Farewell,  in  N.  lat.  59°.  The 
weftem  coaft,  which  is  wafhed  by  Da- 
ris's  Straits,  is  high,  rocky,  bad  land» 
which  rears  its  head,  dole  to  the  fca, 
in  lofty  mountains  covered  with  fnow» 
and  inacceflible  cliffs,  and  meets  the 
mariner's  eye  40  leagues  at  fea.  The 
Greenlanders,  reckoned  to  amount  to 
about  7}Ooo»  Uve  to  the  fouthward  of 

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0it  6k!  dfgrce  of  N.  lat.  or  as  tihe  in- 
bubiunts  arc  wont  to  fay,  in  the  fouth  ; 
but  no  Europeans  live  there,  fo  that 
thoft;  parts  are  butlhtle  known.  The 
European  colonics  have  fixed  themftlvcs 
to  the  northward' of  lilt.  6a* 

The  aftonifhing  niountiiiAs  of  ice  in 
this  country,  nmy  well  fie  recorded 
among  its  grcatcft  curiofifica.  Nothing 
can  exhibit  a  more  dreadful,  and  at  the 
fame  time  a  more  da/.zliiiy  appeiirance, 
tlun  ihofe  viicdigious  malies  of  ic(^  that 
furround  the  \vnole  eoaft  in  various 
fornfis,  reflcdHng  a  multitude  of  coiOurs 
from  the  fun-beams,  an<i  calling  to  mind 
tile  enchanting  fccnes  of  rorfiance. 
Stich  profpeds  they  yield  in  calm 
•weather  ;  but  when  tne  \<'ind  begins  to 
blow,  and  the  wavofs  tO  rife  in  v::ll  bil- 
low;, the  violent  fhocks  of  thole  pieces 
of  ice,  daftiing  one  ;tgainft  another,  fill 
the  mind  iXfith  horror. 

As  this  country  is  covdxd,  in  moft  pla- 
tes, with  everlalting  ice  and  fnow,  it  is 
cafy  to  imagine  that  it  miift  be  extreme- 
ly cold.  Among  the  vegetables  of  this 
cold  countrj',  are  forrcl  of  various  forts, 
angelica,  wild  tanfey,  icur^'y  grafs  in 
great  quantities,  wiki  roftmary,  dunda- 
Eons  in  plenty,  and  various  foits  of 
grafs  ;  whortleberries  and  cranberries 

grow  here.  Europeans  have  fown  bar- 
:y  and  oats,  which  grow  as  high  and 
as  tlvrifty  as  in  warmer  climates,  but  ftl- 
dom  advance  fo  far  as  to  ear,  and  nev- 
er, even  in  the  warmeft  places,  to  mata- 
rity,  bccaafe  the  frofty  nights  begin 
too  foon.  Unfruitful  as  this  country  is, 
it  affords  food  for  fome,  though  but  few 
kinds  of  bcafts,  which  farmlh  the  na- 
tives with  food  and  raiment.  Of  the 
wild  game  are  white  hares,  rein -deer, 
foxes,  and  white  bears,  who  are  fierce 
and  mifchierous,.feals,  &c.  T  c  Green- 
Janders  have  no  tame  animals  liut  a  fpe- 
cies  of  tfogs,  who  reftrablc  wolves. 
The  Grccnlanders  believe  in  the  doc- 
trine of  the  tranfmigration  of  fouls,  and 
have  very  lingular  and  romantic  notions 
concerning  a  future  rtate. 

Weft  Greenland  was  firll  peopled  by 
Europeans  in  the  eighth  century.  At 
-that  time  a  Compitny  of  Icelanders, 
headed  bv  one  Encke  Runde,  were  by 
accident  driven  on  the  co;ilT:.  Oh  his 
return  he  rcprcfented  the  country  in 
fiich  a  favoirrable  liglit,  that  {<>m^  fam- 
ilies again  folldwed  him  thither,  where 
they  foon  became  a  thri  vinj;  colony,  and 
bcft'owcd  oa  their  ii<?w' habitation  the 


name  of  GraenhMd  or  Oreettfan'iy  Uti 
account  of  its  verdant  appearance.' 
This  colony  was  converted  to  Chrif- 
tianity  by  a  miflionary  from  Norway, 
lent  thither  by  the  celebrated  Olaf,  the 
lirft  Norwegian  monarch,  ■^\\a  embrac- 
ed the  true  religion.  The  Greenland 
fettlement  continncd  to  increalc  and 
thrive  under  his  protcftion,  and  in  a  lit- 
tle time  the  coutitry  \Vas  provided  with 
many  towns,  churchts,  convents,  bilh- 
ops,  8fe.  under  t>ie  jurifdiftion  of  the 
iirclibilhop  of  Dronrheim.  .  A  confider- 
iible  commerce  was  carried  on  betwccjv 
Gr(.tniand  and  Norway ;  and  a  regular' 
intcrCouriij  maintained  between  the  two 
countries  till  the  year  1406,  When  the 
hift  bifhop  was  lent  over.  From  that 
time  alt  ccrreipondencc  was  cut  off, 
and  all  knowledge  of  Greenland  has 
been  buiied  in  obhvion. 

The  colony,'  from  its  firft  fettlement, 
had  been  haraffed  by  the  natives,  a  fav- 
age  people,  agreeing  in  cuftoms,  garb 
and  appearance,  ^vlth  the  Efquimaux. 
(See New-Britain.)  This  nation,  called 
Schreltinsh  Sklralingurs,    or    dwarfilh 

f)eoplc,  Trorti  their  fmall'  ftature,  at 
ength  prevailed  ovetthelcdhnd'fettldrs,, 
who  inhabited  the  wcftern  difttid,  and' 
extern -nated  them  in  the  14th  cehtury ; 
infomuch  that  when  their  brethren  of 
|the  eaftern  diftrift  cAihe  to;'' their  affift- 
lance,  they  found  nothing  alive  but  ibmc 
jcattle  ana  flocks  of  Iheep  running  wild 
about  the  country.  The  Schrcllings 
have  a  tradition  that  thefc  were  likewiTe 
iekterminatcd,  and  affirm  tliat  the  ruins 
of  their  houfes  and  ullages  flill  appear. 
There  are  reafons,  however,  for  believ- 
ing that  there  may  be  fliJl  fome  de- 
fcendanti?  of  the  ancient  Iceland  colony 
remaining  in  tlie  eaftern  diftridt,  thougn 
they  cannot  'be  vifited  by  land»  on  ac- 
count of  the  ftupendous  mountains,  per- 
petually covered'  "with  fnow,  which  di- 
vide the  two  parts  of  Greenland ;  whilft 
they  have  beeti  rendered  inaccelllble  by 
fea,  by  the  vaft  quantity  of  ice  driveh 
from  5spitft)ergen,  or  Eatl-Grecnland,' 
one  would  imagine  tliat  there  muft  have 
been  fome  confiderablc  alteration  in  the 
northern  parts  of  the  world- lince  the 
15th  century,  fo  that  the  coaft  of  Green-- 
land  is  now  become  almoft  totally  in- 
acceflible^  though  formerly  vifited  willr 
very  little  dilhculty.  Niimefous  at- 
tempts have  been  made  in  the  laft  and' 
prefent  century  to  difcover  the  eaftern 
diihidt,  bat  they  have  all  pfoved  abor- 
tive. 


ORE 


ORE 


t{Ve.  In  thefc  atumpts  ore  has  been 
found,  every  hundred  Ibi.  oi'  wliich 
yielded  46  ounces  uf  filver  ;  and  fand, 
from  which  an  eminent  chemill  extradt- 
cd  pure  gold. 

It  K  thought  the  only  pradlicable 
method  of  reaching  that  part  of  the 
country  will  be  to  coall  north  about  in 
litiall  veffeh,  between  the  great  flakes 
of  ice  and  the  ihore  ;  as  the  Greenland- 
ers  have  declared,  that  the  currents  con- 
tinually iffuing  from  the  bays  and  inlets, 
and  running  ibuthweftward  along  the 
fhore,  hinder  the  ice  from  adhering  to 
the  land  ;  ii)  that  there  is  always  a  chan- 
nel open,  through  which  velTeb  of  Imall 
burden  might  p;ds,  efperiully  if  lodges 
were  built  at  fuitable  diltanccs  on  tlie 
Ihorc,  for  the  convenience  and  direifbon 
of  the  adventurers. 

The  Greenland  fiHiery  is  produftivc, 
and  chieJiy  engrorted  by  tiie  Uritifh  and 
Dutch  nations.  In  1785  the  former 
employed  153  ihips  in  tlic  whole  iilh- 
ery,  and  the  Dutch  65. 

Ureen  Mountains,  a  range  of 
mountains  extending  N.  N*  E.  to  S.  S. W. 
and  dividing  the  waters  which  How 
eafterly  into  Connecticut  river,  from 
thofe  which  fall  weftcrly  into  Lake 
Champlain,  Lake  George,  and  Hiidioo's 
river.  The  afcent  from  the  call  to  the 
top  of  the  Green  Mountain  in  Vermont, 
is  much  eafier  than  from  tlie  weft,  till 
you  get  to  Onion  river,  where  the  moun- 
tain terminates.  The  height  of  land  is 
generally  from  to  to  30  miles  from  the 
river,  and  about  the  fame  diftance  from 
the  New-York  line.  The  natural  growth 
Upon  tlTis  mountain,  is  hemluck,  pine, 
ipruce,  and  other  evergreens ;  hence  it 
has  always  a  green  appearance,  and  on 
this  account  h;is  obtained  the  delbriptive 
name  of  Fer  Mom,  Green  Mjuiitain. 
On  fome  parts  of  this  mouatain  fnow 
lies  till  May,  and  fomctimcs  till  June. 
The  chain  extends  through  Miflachu- 
fetts  and  Connefticut,  and  terminates  in 
New-Haven.  Keliington  Peak,  the  high- 
eft  of  thele  mountains,  is  about  3,454  teet 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

Oreensborouoh,  a  poft-town,  and 
chief  town  of  Greene  county,  Georgia, 
50  miles  from  Lexington,  and  78  W. 
by  S.  from  Augufta. 

Gkbbnsborough,  a  thriving  vil- 
lage in  Caroline  county,  Maryland  ;  on 
the  weft  fide  of  Choptank  Creek,  about 
I'even  miles  north  of  Danton,  and  az 
miles  S»  E.  by  S.  of  Chefter. 
N 


OnBENSBOROuoii,  a  nowtownfhirf 
in  Orleans  county  in  Vermont.  It  ad- 
joins to  Minden  on  the  nortiuweft,  and 
Wheclock  on  the  iDUth-caft,  iind  con- 
uint  only  19  inhabitants. 

Orbbnsburo,  a  poft-town,  and  tho 
capital  of  Weftmoreland  county,  Pcnn* 
fylvania.  It  is  a  neat  pretty  town,  fitu- 
ated  on  a  branchy' f  Sewickly  Creek, 
which  empties  into  /oughioga.iy  river. 
Here  are  100  dwelling  hoult^,  a  Ger- 
man Calvinift  churcli,  a  brick  court- 
lioufc,  and  a  ftone  gaol.  It  is  3 1  miles 
S.  li.  by  E.  of  Pittfburg,  and  a 70  W.  by 
N.  of  Philadelphia. 

One  tNs  VI LLF,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
encompaflcd  by  Brunfwick,  Southamp- 
ton, and  Siiffcx  counties,  on  the  weft, 
north,  and  ealk,  and  by  the  State  of 
North-Carolina  on  the  I'outh.  It  is  about 
24  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and  con- 
tains 6,362  inhabitants,  of  whom  3,620 
are  llaves. 

Grbbnvillb  Cotirt-Houfc;  in  Vir- 
ginia, ftands  on  Kick's  Ford,  25  miles 
nom  Soutliampton,  and  61  from  Nor- 
folk. 

GREBNVitLB,  a  county  in  Wafliing- 
ton  diftrift,  S.  Carolina;  fituated  in  the 
N.  W.  corner  of  the  State ;  bouiuled  eaft 
by  Spartanburg  county,  in  Pinckney  dif- 
trirt ;  fouth,  by  Pendlei;on  ;  weft,  by 
tlie  State  of  Georgia,  ahd  that  trac^  of 
coinitry  which  the  State  of  South-Caro- 
lina ceded  to  the  United  States  ;  and 
north,  by  the  State  of  North -Carol  in  a. 
It  contains  6,503  inhabitants,  of  wlioi'n 
606  are  flaves.  Taxes  £i<)2  :  f>  :  8. 
Tile  lands  are  mountainous  and  hilly, 
and  well  watered,  and  tho  climate 
healthy  and  agreeable. 

G  RE  E  N  VI L  L  E,  a  poft-town  of  South- 
Carolina,  and  chief  town  of  Cheraw9> 
diftricft  ;  fituated  on  the  weft  (ide  of 
Great  Pedee  river,  in  Darlington  coun- 
ty. It  contains  about  30  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  and  acavlomy.  It  is  5? 
miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Camden,  90  N.  E.  by 
E.  of  Columbia,  135  N.  by  E.  of  Charlci- 
ton. 

GREENEvrT,LE,a  poft-town,  and  the 
chief  town  of  Pitt  county,  North-Caro- 
lina ;  fituated  on  the  fouth  bank  of  Tar- 
river,  diftant  from  Oerecok  Inlet  no 
miles.  It  contains  about  50  houfes,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol  ;  alio  a  feminary 
of  learning,  called  the  Pitt  Academy. 
It  is  23  miles  from  Wafhington  and  25 
niiles  from  Tarborou^h. 

GRBSNevii'Le,  a  Iraall  poft-town  in 

Greene 


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l^li 


HP 


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G  R  E 

Of  eene  county,  in  the  State  of  Tenneflee, 
Ctuated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  north- 
eafternmoft  branch  of  Nolachucky  riv- 
er, about  fix  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Green- 
ville college,  a6  miles  north-weft  of 
Jonefboroiigb,  75  eaft  of  Knoxville, 
and  653  fouth-weft  of  Philadelphia. 

Greenville,  a  fort  and  fettlement 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  a  north-weftern  branch  of  the 
Great  Miami,  fix  miles  north-weft  of 
Fort  Jefferibn  on  the  fiuie  branch,  and 
about  a  3  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Fort  Recov- 
ery. It  is  a  picketed  fort,  with  baftions 
at  each  angle,  and  capacious  enough  to 
accommodate  a,ooo  men.  Here  the 
American  legion  had  their  head-quar- 
ters in  che  late  war  with  the  Indians.  It 
was  eftablifliedby  the  late  Maj.  Gen.  A. 
Wayne  in  1793,  and  here  he  concluded 
a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Indian  na- 
tions, oil  the  3d  of  Auguft,  1795. 

Grenvim,e  Bay,  or  La  Bayt  a. 
town  and  port  of  entry  on  the  eaft  or 
■windward  fide  of  the  iflaod  of  Granada. 
l'i.hasabout6odwclling-houfes,achurch, 
find  feveial  rich  ftores  of  India  and  Eu- 
ropean goods,  and  plantation  utenfils. 
The  iituation  is  low,  and  i^hec  ux^ 
healthy. 

Greenwich,  a  tcwpfhip  in-  Hamp- 
ftiire  county,  Maflachufetts,  incorporat- 
ed in  1754,  cotitains  1045  inhabitants. 
It  is  ao  miles  eafterly  of  Northampton, 
and  75  wefterly  of  Bofton.. 

Greenwich, a  townlhip,  the  fecond 
in  rank  in  Gloucjfter  county,  New-Jer- 
fey,  fiiuated  en  the  eaft'  bank  of  Dela- 
waie  river,  oppofite  ta  Fort  Mifflin,  3 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Woodbury,  and  6 
fouth-eaft  of  Philadelphia. 

Greenwich,  a  townlhip  in  Suffex 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Bv-lttware  river,  in  a  mountainous  coun- 
try, about  5  miles  north-eafterly  of  Eaf- 
ton,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  31  fouth-weft 
of  Newton,  tlie  fiiire  town.  It  contains 
a,03j  inhabitants,  of  whom  64  are  Haves. 

(i  R  E  E  N  w  I  c  H ,  a  town  ia  Cumberland 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  north-weft 
bank  of  Cohanzy  creek,  abtiut  3  miles 
from  its  mouth  in  Delaware  Bay.  Here 
are  about  80  houfes,  and  a  Friend's 
nieeting-houfp.  It  is  15  miles  fouth-eaft- 
eily  of  Salem,  and  668.  by  W.  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Greenwich,,  a  maritime  townlhip 
in  Fairfield  county,Conne(5licut,  and  the 
fouth-wefternmoft  of  theStatc,lies  about 
jo  niiles  weft  of  New-Uaveo,  and  40 


ORE 

eaft  of  New-York  city.  Its  fca-coaft 
on  Long.Illand  Sound,  and  that  of  the 
townfliip  of  Stamford  on  the  eaftward, 
has  a  number  of  illes  and  roeks  border- 
ing «*  ".  inlets  of  the  fca  and  mouths  of 
the  .  reeks.  Byrant river  pafTes  through 
♦his  town,  thelargeftof  the  fmallftreamS' 
which  water  it,  and  only  noticeable  as 
forming  part  of  the  line  between  Con- 
nedticut  and  New-York. 

This  tradt  was  purchafed  of  the  na- 
tive Indians  in  1640,  and  fettled  under 
the  government  of  tlie  N«w  Nether- 
lands (now  New- York)  and  was  incor- 
porated by  Pet«r  Stuyvefant  in  1665, 
who  was  then  gc/ernor  of  the  New 
Netherlands.  This  town  falling  with- 
in the  bounds  of  Connedlicut-,  was  after- 
wards granted  to  eight  perfons  by  tliat 
colony. 

Greenwich,  in  Rhode  Ifland;  fee 
Eafi-Greennuick. 

Greenwood,  a  townfhip  in  Ciun- 
berland  county,  Pennfylvania.  Alfo,  a 
townlhip  in  MilfUn  county  in  the  fame 
State. 

G  r  E  e  t»  JVoods,^  a  vaft  foreft  of  ftatc- 
ly  pines  in  Litclifield  60<inty,  Connecti- 
cut, which  cover  the  face  of  a  part  of 
that  county.-  Thefc  are  cloathed  in 
green  bearoed  mofs,  which  being  pen- 
dant from  the  boughs,  foreens  many  of 
the  trees  fr-om  the  eyes,  and  gives  to 
the  whole  a  gloomy,  wild>  and  whim- 
fical  appearance. 

Grecoria,  St.  atown  of  New-Mex- 
ico, (ituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Rio 
Bravo,  h  f  ■^w  leagues  north  of  St.  Anto- 
niot 

Gregstown,u  village  in  Somerfet 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  eaft  fide- of 
Milltlone  river,  6  miles  north-eafterly 
of  Princeton>  and  about  9,  fouth-weft  of 
New-Brunfwick.; 

GRBN..DA.    ^c  Granada,     ^i*  ... 

GreSjCape  a  u,a  promontory  on  the 
eaftern  fide  of  the  Miffifippi  in  the  N» 
W.  Territory,  8  leagues  above  the  Illi- 
nois river,  and  the  t-adl  of  country  fo 
called  extends  ^  leagues  on  that  river. 
There  is  a  gradual  defcent  back  to  de- 
lightful meadows,  and  to  beautiful  and 
fertile  uplands,  watered  by  ieverai  rivu- 
lets, which  faU  into  the  Illinois  river^ 
between  30  and  40  miles  froni  its  en- 
trance into  the.  Miffifippi,  and  into,  the 
latter  at  Cape  au  Gres.  The  diftance 
from  the  Miflifippi  to  the  Illinois  aciofs 
the  cor.ntry,  is  lefTened  or  increafed,  ac- 
cordli.g  to  the  wbdings  of  the  former 

river; 


wmmm 


G  R  O 

river :  the  fmalleft  difta"-  is  at  Cape 
au  Cres,  and  there  it  is  between  4  and  5 
miles.  The  lands  in  this  intermediate 
fpace  between  the  above  two  rivers  are 
rich,  almoft  teyond  parallel,  covered 
with  large  oaks,  walnut,  &c.  and  not  a 
ftone  to  be  feen,  except  upon  the  fides 
of  the  river^ 

If  fettlements  were  begun  here,  the 
French  inhabitants  acknowledge  that 
the  Spanifli  fettlements  on  the  other  fide 
of  the  Miffifippi  would  be  abandoned  ; 
as  the  former  wouki  excite  a  c-onftant 
fucceffion  of  fettlers,  and  intercept  all 
the  trade  of  the  upper  Miffifippi. 

Grison,  one  of  the  fmaller  Orana- 
dillaSj  Situated  between  Diamond  ifland 
and  Cariacou.  It  is  uninhabited,  having 
no  frefh  water. 

Gros  MoRNB  ftands  in  the  middle 
of  the  north  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  D'^^mingo,  between  the  mountain 
and  the  head  waters  of  a  river  which 
falls  into  the  fca  4  leagues  to  the  north, 
and  a  league  and  a  half  weft  of  Port  de 
Paix.  It  is  equally  diftant,  1 1  leagues 
Borth-eaft  of  Point  Paradis,  and  north- 
weft  of  Les  Gonaiyes.  N.  lat.  19°  46^, 
W.  long,  from  Paris  75°  13'. 

Grotok,  a  townihip  in  Caledonia 
county,  in  Vermont,  k  fituated  wcftward 
of  and  adjoining  to  Ryegate  townfhip 
on  Connedicut  nvcr,  and  9  miles  north- 
wefterly  of  Stephen's  Fort  on  tlut  river. 
It  contains  45  inhabitants. 

Groton,  a  townfhip  in  Middlefcx 
county,  Maffachuletts,  35  miles  N-  W. 
uf  Bolton,  and  contains  1,840  inhab- 
itants. 

Groton,  a  townfliip  in  New-Lon- 
don  county,  ConnciUcut,  having  Fifli- 
er's  Ifland  Sound  on  the  fouthward,  and 
Thames  river  on  the  weft  ;  which  fcp- 
arates  it  fioni  New-London,  to  which  it 
formerly  belonged.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1 70 j,  and  coniifts  of  two  pariflics, 
containing  3,946  inhabitants.  In  1770 
there  were  140  Indians  here;  44  of 
whom  could  read,  and  17  were  ciuirch 
•Tiembers.  On  a  height,  on  tlic  hank  of 
the  Thames,  oppofite  New-London  city, 
ftood  Fort  Giifwold,  memorable  for  be- 
ing ftormed  on  the  6th  of  September, 
1781,  by  Benedift  Arnold,  a  n^vave  of 
Connecticut,  after  he  had  become  u 
traitor  to  his  country.  Here  70  men, 
the  flower  of  the  town,  were  put  to  the 
fword,  aftrr  they  had  lurrendered  them- 
selves prifoners.  The  comp;u't  part  of 
ihe  town  was  burnt  at  the  fame  time. 


G  U  A 

and  fuftaincd  lofles  to  the  amount  of 
jCa3»ai7.  Fort  Grifwold  defends  the 
harbour  of  New-London. 

Grovb  Point  forms  the  north  fide 
of  the  mouth  of  Saflafras  river,  in  Chef- 
apeak  Bay,  s  miles  fouth-fouth-weft  of 
Turkey  point. 

Grovet's  Creek,  in  the  State  of 
Tenneflee,  lies  7  miles  from  King's 
Spring,  and  2  from  the  foot  of  Cumber- 
land Mountain. 

GRYALVA,a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiaoa,  in  New  Spain,  which  is  faid  to 
breed  certain  amphibious  beafts  not  to 
be  found  in  any  other  place.  They  re- 
femble  monkeys,  and  are  fpotted  like 
tygers ;  they  hide  themfelves  generally 
under  water,  and  if  they  fee  any  man  or 
beaft  fwim  by,  they  twift  their  tails 
about  a  leg  or  arm  to  draw  them  to  the 
bottom  ;  and  yet  it  has  never  been  ob- 
ferved  that  they  eat  them. 

Grvson,  a  new  county  of  Virginia, 
taken  from  Montgomery,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  north.  It  has  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina, fouth,  Henry  and  Wythe  coun- 
ties on  the  eaft  and  wefL 

GuACANA,  a  village  in  New  SpaiA, 
near  the  mountain  Jeruyo,  which  was  de- 
ftroyed  by  a  volcaiio  in  that  mountain, 
in  1760. 

C  ACOCKiNGO,  a  town  in  New 
Spain,  30  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Mexico. 

GuADALAjARSA,  or  Guadaljxurat 
a  province  in  the  audience  of  Galicia, 
in  Old  Mexico  or  New  Spain,  and  its 
capital,  an  epifcopal  city  of  the  fame 
name,  both  large  and  beautiful.  The 
city  was  built  anno  1531,  by  one  of  the 
family  of  the  Guzmans ;  and  the  biflv- 
opric,  which  was  before  fettled  at  Com- 
poftella,  was  tranflatf  d  thither  in  1.1;  70- 
It  is  fituated  on  a  d  lightful  and  fertile 
plain,  watered  with  feveral  ftreams  and 
fountains,  not  far  from  Baranja  river. 
The  air  of  the  country  is  temperate,  and 
the  foil  fo  fertile,  that  it  yields  100  to 
one  ;  and  all  the  fruits  of  Europe  grow 
in  luxuriance  and  abundance.  N.  lat. 
io°  50',  W.  long.  104°  49'-  The  prov- 
ince is  watered  by  the  Guadalar.ara 
river. 

GuADALAXARA,  or  Great  River,  in 
Mexico  or  New  Spain,  rifes  in  the 
mountains  of  the  valley  of  To'occan, 
where  ftands  the  city  of  Guadalajarr,>, 
or  Ouadaiaxara,  the  capital  of  New 
Galicia.  After  running  a  courfe  of  more 
tiian  ^100  miles,  it  empties  into  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  in  the  j jd  degree  of  N.  lat. 

It 


S  ' 


«1.-^ 


i 


^p 


ih: 


OVA 

It  has  ftupendous  falls,  15  miles  fouth  of 
the  city  of  its  name. 

GuADALouPB,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Calilbrnia,  in  N.lat.  49'' 5',  W. 
long.  118°. 

CjuadaI/Oupe,  one  of  the  Caribbc 
iflands  in  the  Weft-Indies  belonging  to 
France,  having  been  fettled  by  tliem  in 
1635.  The  natives  called  it  Caracucita 
and  Caracu.ira.  Columbus  gave  it  its 
preient  name,  from  the  refemblance  of 
Its  njoiintains  to  thofe  of  that  name  in 
Spain,  It  is  (ituated  in  16°  so'  N.  lat^ 
and  in  /i2°  W.  long,  about  30  leagues 
north  of  Martinico,  and  almoft  as  many 
fouth  of  Antigua,  being  45  miles  long, 
and  38  broad.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  a  fniall  arm  of  the  fea,  or  rather 
a  parrow  channel,  through  which  no 
fliips  can  venture  ;  but  the  inhabitants 
pais  it  in  a  ferry-boat.  Its  foil  is  equally 
fertile,  and  in  the  fame  productions  with 
that  of  Martinico.  This  iflund  was  tak- 
en by  the  Britifh  in  1759,  but  was  reftor- 
cd  at  'le  treaty  of  peace  in  1763.  It 
was  tiiivcnbythe  fame  power  in  1794, 
but  was  retaken  by  the  French  in  the 
clofe  of  the  lame  year.  Here  is  a  hi^'Ji 
burning  mountain,  which  abounds  with 
fulphur,  and  fmoke  ifliies  out  from  fun- 
dry  clefts  and  chinks.  The  negroes 
who  fell  brimftone  fetch  it  from  this 
mountain.  Many  years  ago  this  ifland 
produced  46  million  pounds  of  fugar,  31 
millions  of  cofFcc,  3^0,000  of  cottun,  and 
8,000  pounds  of  cocoa. 

GuAOAi'jjJir,.    Sec  Guayaquil. 

GuAiRA,  a  bay  in  Terra  Firma,  S, 
America,  in  the  North  Sea. 

GuAiRA,  a  Spanifli  province  in  the 
raft  divifion  of  Paraguay,  in  S.  America. 
Its  city  is  Cividad  Real,  cailedallu  Gua- 
ira,  and  Oliveros. 

GvAMALiKs,  a  province  in  the  juiif- 
di<5tion  of  the  al>p.  of  Lima,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, and  ehipire  of  Peru,  begins  80 
leagues  north-eaft  of  Lima,  and  extends 
along  the  centre  of  the  Cordillera.  The 
Indian  inhabitants  apply  themfelves  to 
weaving,  and  making  a  great  variety  of 
baizes,  ferges,  and  other  fluffs,  with 
which  they  carry  on  confiderablc  trade 
witli  the  other  provinces. 

Guam  AN  Villas,  a  jurifdiiftion  un- 
der the  abp.  of  IJma,  7  leagues  from 
Cuamanga.  It  is  highly  iertilc,  alxjund- 
ing  with  corn,  fruits,  paflurps,  cattle  in 

fjrtat  quantities,  and  all  manner  of  cfcu- 
ent  vegetables.    The  Indians  here  are 
equally  mduArious  as  thoii;  above  nicn- 


O  U  A 

tioncd,  making  baize^..  corded  fluffs,  &c, 
which  they  lend  to  Cufco  and  other 
provinces. 

Guamanoa,  or  Guamatica^  or  5/, 
Juan  de  la  Fittoria,  a  city  of  Peru,  about 
60  leagues  fouth-eaft  of  Lima,  and  hav- 
ing Pilco  between  it  and  the  fea.  It  was 
founded  by  Pizarro,  in  1539.  The 
houfes  are  all  of  flone,  covered  with 
flates.  There  are  in  it  3  elegant  church- 
es, feveral  convents,  and  a  rich  hofpital ; 
being  the  leat  of  a  bifhop,  under  the  abf ., 
of  Luna,  the  feat  of  a  governor,  and  the 
capital  of  a  linail  province.  The  air  ia 
wholefome  and  temperate.  The  foil 
produces  wheat,  and  the  meadows  breed 
numerous  herds  of  catde.  There  are 
in  the  province  mines  of  gold,  liiver, 
iron,  lead,  copper,  and  lulphur.  The 
famous  quick-filver  mines  of  Guaniavel- 
ica  are  9  or  10  leagues  from  t)\is  v 
S.  lat.  ia°  jo',  W.  long,  71'^  ,,r 

GuANAHANi,  or  St.  Salvaa., .-,  a.x 
Qat  JJland. 

Guana  Patina,  a  volcano  near  Are- 
quipa,  in  the  valley  of  Quilea,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, and  empire  of  Pent ;  whofe  erup- 
tion, afllfted  by  an  earthquake,  laid  Are- 
quipa  in  ruinb  in  1600. 

GuANCHA  Belica,  a  jurifdiftion 
fubjecl  to  the  abp.  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  30 
leagues  north  of  the  city  of  G'lanianga ; 
has  very  rich  quick-filver  mines,  but  oth- 
erwife  very  bairen.    See  Guanzaveticci. 

GuANCHACO,  a  port  or  harbour  in 
Peru,  S.  America,  about  a  leagues  north 
of  Truxillo,  and  the  channel  of  its  mar- 
itime commerce,  fituated  in  8^  6'  S.  lat. 
m  the  South  Sea. 

GuANTA,  a  jurifdidtion  north-north- 
weft  of  Guamanga  4  leagues,  in  the  em* 
pire  of  Peru  ;  under  the  abp.  of  Lima. 
Its  rich  filver  mines  are  pearly  exhauft- 
ed, 

GuANZAVELiCA,  or  GuancavcUc.a,, 
a  town  of  Peru  in  South-America,  and 
in  die  autlience  of  Lima.  It  is  rich  ana 
abounds  in  mines  of  quick-filver ;  uo 
miles  north-eaft  of  Pifco,  and  17?  foudi- 
eaf^  of  Lima.  S.  lat.  13°,  W.  long, 
88"^  30'.  The  famous  quick-filver  mines 
called  Ouan-^<r.;:.-'/ci>,  or  El  AJfiento  de 
Oropejh,  not  far  from  the  above  town 
near  the  city  of  Orcpcia,  v;ere  difcover- 
ed  by  the  Spaniards  in  1566,  and  pro- 
duce annually  a  million  pounds  of  quick- 
filver,  which  is  tranfportcd  by  land  to 
Lima,  afterwards  to  Arica,  and  thence 
to  Potofi,  whcr'-;  thcv  n»  ikc  ufe  of  it  to 
mtlt  and  rUine  th'„  fiLec  j  and  it  yiddA 

to 


yejir. 


I  r 


%l', 


9^rr^ 


b-x 


QUA 

to  Uie  Spanish  treafury  40,000  duciits  a 
yeiir,  befides  other  eniolamcnts.  The 
quick-filver  is  found  in  a  whitHh  m:ifs 
rcfeinbUng  brick  illy  burned.  This  fub- 
ftiince  is  volatilized  by  fire,  and  receiv- 
ed ill  fteam  by  a  combination  of  g!;i1s 
vefliils,  where  it  condenle?  by  means  of 
a  little  water  at  the  bottoni  of  each  vef- 
fel,  and  forms  a  pure  heavy  liquid, 

GuANuco,  or  Guanu^o,  a  city  and 
the  capital  of  its  jurifdiftion,  in  the  abp. 
of  Lima,  in  Peru,  which  begins  40  leagues 
from  Lima.  It  was  a  fetdenient  made 
by  the  iirft  conquerors,  but  the  city  is 
now  in  a  mean  condition.  Several  kinds 
of  jellies  and  fweetnieats  are  made  here, 
and  fold  to  other  provinces.  It  is  192 
miles  norih-eaft  or  Lima.  S.  lat.  jo° 
31',  W.  long.  75°  ao'. 

GuARA,  a  town  in  its  own  jurifdic- 
tlon  on  the  road  from  Truxillo  to  Lima, 
containing  about  aoo  houies.  It  has  a 
paridi  church,  and  a  convent  of  Fancif- 
cans,  funoundcd  by  fine  plantations, 
and  delightful  improvements.  At  the 
fouth  endof  Guara  ftands  a  large  tower 
>vith  a  gate,  and  over  it  a  kind  of  re- 
doubt. This  tower  is  eroded  before 
a  ftoncbiidge,  under  which  runs  Gurra 
river.  It  fies  in  S.  lat.  11"  31'  36". 
Not  far  from  this  town  are  ftill  to  be 
feen  a  great  many  ruinous  remains  of 
the  edifices  of  the  Yncas  or  Incas ;  fuch 
as  walls  of  palaces,  large  dykes,  by  the 
fides  of  fpacious  highways,  fortrefles, 
and  calHes,  ereiled  lor  checking  the  in- 
roads of  die  enemy. 

CvARCHi,  a  jurifdic^ion  6  leagues 
'?aft  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  extends  itfelf  a- 
!■  JVC  40  leagues  along  the  Cordilleras, 
t;.'x>unding  in  grain  and  fruits.  It  has 
f-  le  filver  mines,  but  as  the  metal  is 
':  Jdiuercnt,  few  are  wrought. 

'■^UARico,  a  town  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
but  more  commonly  calle<l  G/i't'  Fra»- 
cats  ;  which  fee. 

GuARMA,  a  maritime  town  of  Peru, 
in  South-America.  South  lat.  10°  10'. 
Weft  long.  77°49'« 

GuAKMOY,a  fnuU  maritime  town 
of  Peru,  in  Soudi-America.  It  is  the  re- 
sidence of  a  corrcgidore  ;  has  a  good 
harbour,  and  lies  134  miles  north-weft 
01  Lima,  S.  lat.  18"  3' 53". 

GuAsco,  a  river  of  Chili  in  South- 
America. 

GuASTACA,  or  Panticc,  (which  fee) 
a  province  which  borders  on  New  Leon 
aad  Mc^icg,  io  which  province  iire  grain, 

u    . 


G  U  A 

cocliineil,  and  fonie  very  rich  CItct 
mines.  All  the  Ihores  are  low,  over- 
flowed, unhcaltliy,  and  full  of  fait  marfh« 
es. 

G  u  A T  A  VT T  A,  a  iakc  in  Terra  Firma, 
South-America,  near  the  city  of  5<r«/<i 
Fe  de  Bi^goia  ;  which  lee. 

Gu  ATI  MALA,  Audience  and  Prov- 
ince  off  in  New  Spain,  is  about  750 
miles  in  Itngth,  and  450  in  breadth.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  nortli  by  Chiapa  and 
Vera  Pax  ;  on  th:  fouth  and  weft  by 
the  South  Sea,  and  on  the  eaft  by  Hon* 
duras.  It  abounds  iji  chocolate,  which 
they  make  ufe  of  inftead  of  money.  It 
has  I  a  provinces  under  it,  and  the  na-» 
tix'e  Indians  profefs  Chriftianity  ;  but  it 
is  mixed  with  a  great  many  of  tlicirowi) 
fuperftitions. 

There  is  a  great  chain  of  high  moun-* 
tains,  which  runs  acrofs  it  from  eaft  to 
weft,  and  it  is  fubjefl  to  earthquakes  an4 
ftorms.  It  is,  however,  very  fertile, 
and  produces  great  quantities  of  choc- 
olate, cochineal  cotton,  indigo,  honey, 
fonie  baham  and  woad.  The  merchan- 
dize of  the  province  is  generally  con- 
veyed to  the  port  of  St.  Thomas  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  to  be  vent  to  Europe, 
The  way  acrofs  this  province  to  th4 
South  Sua  is  about  65  leagues,  and  is 
the  next  to  that  from  Vera  Cruz  to  A- 
capulco.  Tliis  province  is  called  by 
the  Indians  i^iatuernallac,  which  figni- 
fies  a  rotten  tree. 

St.  Jago  de  Guatimala,  the  capital 
city,  is  fituated  in  a  valley,  through  the 
midft  of  which  runs  a  river  between  two 
buining  mountains.  In  1541  tliis  city 
was  ruined  by  a  dreadful  tempeft,  and 
a  number  of  the  inhabitants  were  buri- 
ed in  the  ruins.  It  was  rebuilt  at  a  good 
diUance  from  the  volcano,  and  became 
a  large  and  rich  town,  with  a  biihop's 
fee,  and  an  univerfity ;  but  it  was  fwal- 
lowed  up  by  an  eaithquake  in  1773.  It 
contained  about  60,000  inhabitants  of 
all  colours,  and  was  immenfely  rich, 
but  there  are  no  traces  of  it  left.  The 
lofs  was  valued  at  ij  millions  fterling ; 
and  it  was  the  third  city  in  rank  in  Span- 
iih  America  In  this  dreadfiil earthquake 
8,000  families  inftantJy  perifhed.  New 
Guatimala  is  built  at  lome  diftance,  is 
well  inhabited,  and  carries  on  a  great 
trade.  N.  lat.  13°  40',  W.  long.  90*^  ^d. 

GuAXACA,  a  province  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Mexico,  m  New  Spain,  N.  A- 
niL-rica,  and  its  capital  city  of  the  fame 
naiuv.  It  reaches hOQ;  the  bay  of  Mex^ 

ico 


w 


M. 


#i<k^ 


\--  : 


G  U  A 


G  U  A 


^ 


iflv;':i,i 


ico  on  the  north  to  the  South  Sea,  having 
the  province  of  Tlafcala  on  the  north- 
weft,  and  thofe  of  Chiapa  and  Tabafco 
on  the  fouth-caft.  It  extends  nearly 
9?  leagues  along  the  South  Sea,  50 
along  the  bay  of  Mexico,  and  near  i  ao, 
iay  lonae,  along  the  confines  of  Tlafcala, 
but  not  above  50  on  thofe  of  Chiapa. 
The  air  here  is  good,  and  the  foil  fruit- 
ful, efpecially  in  mulberry  trees ;  fo  that 
it  produces  more  filk  than  any  province 
in  America.  Except  the  valley  of  Guax- 
aca  (which  is  famous  for  giving  the  title 
of  Marques  del  Valle  to  Ferdinand  Cor- 
tez,  the  conqueror  of  Mexico)  the  great- 
eft  part  is  mounta'nou",  yet  abounding 
with  wheat;  r  tie,  fugar,  cotton,  honey, 
cocoa,  plan,  i  '  1  other  fruits.  It 
has  rich  mine.>  V ',  fil ver,  and  lead  ; 

nnd  all  its  rivers  L  j  'old  in  their  fands. 
Cailia,  cochineal,  cryltal,  and  copperas 
abound  alfo  here.  Vanilla,  a  drug,  ufed 
as  a  perfume  to  give  chocolate  a  flavor, 
grows  plentifully  in  this  province. 
There  were  in  this  province  no  monafte- 
ries,  befides  hofpitals,  fchools,  and  other 
places  of  public  charity,  i.jo  confidera- 
ble  towns,  befides  upwards  of  300  vil- 
lages. But  now  the  province  is  faid  to 
be  thinly  inhabited. 

GuAXACA,  the  capital  of  the  iaft 
mentioned  province,  is  a  bifliop's  fee, 
and  the  refldencc  of  a  governor.  It  lies 
a.qo  miles  fouth  of  the  city  of  Mexico, 
120  weft  of  Spirito  Santo,  and  132  fouth 
ofthegulfof  Mexico,  and  of  Vera  Cruz, 
in  the  delightful  valley  of  Guaxaca, 
which  is  40  miles  in  length  and  ao  in 
breadth  ;  and  on  the  road  leading 
through  Chiapa  to  Guatimala.  This 
city  contains  a  v6ry  ftately  cathedralj 
ana  feveral  thoufanafamilics,both  Span- 
iards and  Indians.  It  carries  on  a  con- 
fiderable  trade  with  the  N.  and  S.  feas. 
The  river  is  not  fortified,  fo  that  it  lies 
open  to  invafion.  The  Creolian  clergy 
Here  are  bitter  Enemies  to  t!ie  Spanim 
clergy.  According  to  fome,  the  proper 
name  of  Guaxaca  is  Antiqiura ;  but 
this  Iaft,  others  make  a  feparate  town 
and  bifhop's  fee  alfo,  fituated  about  80 
miles  to  the  S.  W.  It  is  faid  to  have 
a  ftately  cathedral,  adorned  with  many 
large  and  high  pillars  of  marble,  each 
of  which  is  one  entire  ftone.  It  is  fitu- 
ated in  N.  lat.  18"  a',  W.  long  101°  10'. 
Guaxaca  is  fituated,  according  to  fome, 
in  N.  lat.  17"  45'.  W.  long.  10 j'. 

GUAYALAS,  a  province  andjurifdic- 
*:k}n  in  the  archbithopric  of  Lima,  in 


Peru,  S.America;  extends  along  the 
centre  of  the  Cordilleras,  begins  50 
leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  Lima  ;  produces 
gram,  fruits,  and  pafture  for  cattle. 

Gu  A  VAN  A,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Paria,  in  Terra  Firma,  South-Amer- 
ica, about  175  miles  S.  E.  by  E.  of  v":al- 
abeza,  and  75  fouth  of  the  mouth  of  ti:<: 
gulf  of  Paria. 

G  u  A Y  Ac>u  I L,  called  by  fome  Gttia- 
nuil^  by  others  Cuagaqiiil  and  Guaya- 
htly  a  city,  bay,  harbour,  and  river,  in 
Peru,  South-America.  Guayaquil  city 
is  the  fecond  of  Spanifli  origin,  being 
as  ancient  as  153^  ;  is  fituated  on  the 
weft  .xde  of  the  river  Guayaquil,  north 
of  the  ifl::nd  of  Puna  at  the  head  of  the 
bay,  and  about  15.;  miles  S.  S.  W.  of 
Quito,  in  z°  11'  fouth  lat.  79°  17'  weft 
long.  Cividad  Viega,  or  Old  Town, 
was  its  firft  fituation,  but  it  was  remo- 
ved about  a  quarter  of  a  league  in  169^^ 
by  Orellana ;  and  the  communication 
over  the  great  ravins  or  hollows  of 
water,  prefcrved  between  the  old  and 
new  towns  by  a  wooden  bridge  of 
half  a  quarter  of  a  league.  The  city 
is  about  two  miles  in  extent  ;  is  de- 
fended by  three  forts,  two  on  the 
river  near  the  city,  and  the  third  be- 
hind it,  guarding  the  entrance  of 
a  ravin.  The  churches,  convents, 
and  houfes  are  of  wood.  It  contains 
about  aojooo  Inhabitants — Europeans, 
Creoles  and  other  cafts  j  befides  a  num- 
ber of  ftrangers  drawn  hither  by  com- 
merctal  interefts.  The  women  here 
are  famed  for  their  perfonal  charms,  po- 
lite  manners,  and  elegant  drefs.  The 
fait  creek  here  abounds  with  lobfters 
and  oyfters  ;  but  the  fifh  in  the 
neighbourhood  are  not  efteemed,  being 
full  oi  bones,  and  unpalatable.  But  this 
place  is  moft  noted  for  a  fhell-fifh  called 
turbine,  no  bigger  than  a  nut,  which 
produces  a  purple  reckoned  to  exceed 
all  others  in  the  world,  and  to  vie  with 
that  of  the  Tyrians.  It  is  called  the 
fturple  of  Punta,  a  place  in  the  jurifdic- 
tion  of  Guayaquil.  With  this  valuable 
and  fcarce  purple,  they  dye  the  threads 
of  cotton,  ribbands,  laces,  &c.  and  the 
weight  and  colour  arc  faid  to  exceed  ac- 
cording to  tlie  hours  of  the  day ;  fo 
that  one  of  the  firft  jMeliminaries  to  a 
contrail  is  to  fettle  the  time  when  it 
fliall  be  weighed.  The  dye  is  only  the 
blood  of  the  filh,  prcfTed  out  by  a  par- 
ticular procefs  ;  and  the  cotton  fo  dyed 
Is  callca  by  way  of  eminence  caracoll^o^ 

The 


■BUM 


O  U  1 

The  river  Guayaquil  is  the  channel  of 
its  commerce ;  and  the  diftance  of  the 
navigable  part  of  it,  to  the  cultom-houfe 
of  Babahoio  is  reckoned  about  24 
leagues.  The  commerce  of  this  place 
is  confiderable ;  the  productions  of  the 
country  alone  form  the  moft  confidera- 
ble  part  of  it }  thefe  are  cocoa,  timber^ 
fait,  horned  cattle,  mules,  and  colts ; 
Guinea  pepper,  drugsj  and  lana  de 
eeibo,  a  kind  of  vyool,  the  produft  of  a 
very  high  and  tufted  tree  of  that  name, 
being  finer  than  cotton.  It  is  ufed  for 
matrail'es  and  beds. 

GuA  YAiiA,LA,a  maritime  town,  and 
one  of  tlie  chief  of  Caraccas,  b  South- 
America. 

G  u  A  Y  N  A«  a  town  in  the  interior  part 
of  Brazil  on  Parana  river,  a  /hort  diitance 
fouth  of  the  tropic  of  (Japrieorn. 

Guiana,  a  large  country  of  South- 
America,  between  the  rirers  Oroonoko 
and  Amazon.  The  fea-coaft  is  partly 
pofleiied  by  the  Dutch  and  French. 
See  French  AfHerka  or  Cayevtie  s  and 
Dutch  ylmerica  or  Dutch  Guhvin.  I'he 
moft  eonfiderable  of  the  Indian  nations 
of  Guiana  are  the  Charibbccs,  the  Arva- 
ques,  the  Yaos,  and  the  Galibis.  Thefe 
are  well  proportioned,  for  the  moft  part, 
are  fwarthy,  and  go  naked.  The  Cha- 
raibe<i.orCaribbecs  are  enterprizing.and 
to  cautious  of  furprife,  that  they  pott  out- 
guards  and  centinels  with  as  much  care 
and  art  as  the  Europeans.  They  are  laid 
to  have  been  formerly  cannibals.  The 
Galibis  are  more  aadided  to  peace  ; 
they  manufaiture  hammocks  and  cotton 
beds,  and  are  very  ingenious.  Such  as 
are  near  the  Europeans  have  learpt  to 
handle  fire-aim».  The  Charaibes  in 
the  Weft-Indies  are  thought  to  derive 
their  origin  firom  thefe  nations.  The 
Charaibes  of  Guiana  ftill  fondly  cher- 
illi  the  tradition  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's 
alliance ;  and  to  this  dpy  preferve  the 
Englifh  colours  which  he  left  with  them 
at  parting,  above  180  years  flnce. 

Gt;iANDOT,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  in  the  Cumberland  Moun- 
tain, and  nmning  a  N.  by  W.  courfe  a- 
bout  80  miles,  falls  into  the  Ohio  river, 
about  .■^4  miles  below  the  Great  Kanha- 
way.  It  is  faid  to  be  '  >  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  as  many  miles  navigable 
for  canoes. 

Guiara,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,on 
the  Caracoa  coaft.  Its  harbour  is  al» 
miles  eaft  of  Maracaibo,  where,  in  the 
years  1739  and  1743,  the  Britilh  were 


O  U  L 

twice  repulfed,  and  loft  fome  men  in 
attacking;  this  place.  S.  lat.  10°  39', 
W.  long.  66°  1'. 

Guildhall,  a  townfhip  in  Effcx 
county  in  Vermont,  is  fituated  on  Con- 
nefticut  river,  and  contains  158  inhabit-' 
ants.  It  is  opposite  the  mouUi  of  Ifrael 
river  in  New-Hamplhire. 

Guilford,  a  toWnfhip  in  Franklin 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Guilford,  a  townfhip  in  Windham 
county,  Vermont,  on  the  weft  bank  of 
Connecticut  river,  and  oppofite  to  the 
mouth  of  Afhuelot  river  in  New-Hamp- 
fhire*  It  has  Hinfdale  on  the  ibuth-eaft, 
and  the  State  of  Maffachufetts  on  tlie 
fouth,  and  contains  243  a  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  apoft-town  of  Connec- 
ticut, in  New-Haven  county,  fituated  on 
the  Ibuth  fide  of  Long-Ifland  Sound, 
about  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New-Haven 
city.  The  townfhip  is  large  and  is  di- 
vided into  5  pariflies,  and  was  fettled  in 
1639.  It  was  called  Menuncatttck  by 
the  Indians. 

Guilford  County,  In  Salifbury  dif- 
trid,  North-Carolina,  is  bounded  eaft  by 
Orange,  weft  by  Rowan,  fouth  by  Rock- 
ingham county,  and  north  by  the  State  pf 
Virginia.  It  is  noted  for  the  extcnfive 
and  rich  trails  called  New  Garden, 
BafFaloe  and  Deep  river  lands.  It  con- 
tains 7191  inhaWtants,  inclufive  of  576 
flaves.    Chief  town,  Martinville. 

GvihVOv.t>  Court-Houfe.  See  Ma r- 
tinville.  It  is  on  the  poft-road  fromi 
Halifax  to  Salifbury,  48  miles  fouth- 
weft  of  Hillftorough,  and  61  eaftward 
of  Salifbury. 

GuiNET,  a  t'^"'nfhip  in  Montgome- 
ry county,  rennfylvania. 

Gulf  of  Florida,  or  New Bahavta 
Channel,  is  bounded  on  the  weft  by  the 
peninfula  of  Eaft-Florida,  and  on  the 
eaft  by  the  Bahama  Iflands.  It  is  gen- 
erally about  40  miles  wide,  and  extends 
from  the  25  th  to  the  28th  degree  of  N. 
latitude. 

Gulf  Stream.  This  remarkable 
phenomenon  is  a  current  in  the  ocean 
which  runs  along  the  coaft,  at  un- 
equal diftances  from  Cape  Florida  to 
the  Ifle  of  Sables  and  the  banks  of 
Newfoundland,  where  it  turns  oft'  and 
runs  down  through  the  Weftcrn  ifl- 
ands ;  thence  to  the  coaft  of  Africa, 
and  alongf  that  coaft  in  a  fouthern  di- 
redtion,  till  it  arrives  at,  and  fiipplics 
the  place  of  thofe  waters  carried  by 
the    conftant   trade-winds    horn    the 

coaft 


;i 


■w 


^1  •■' 


I' 


■  ■  1 


Mii\ 


CUY 

coaft  of  Africa  to%vards  the  weft,  tlhis 
producing  a  conftant  circulating  current. 
Tins  ftrtam  is  about  75  miles  fiom  the 
fliores  of  the  fouthern  States,  and  the 
diftance  increafes  as  you  proceed  north- 
ward. The  width  ot'  it  is  about  40  or 
50  railes,  widening  towards  the  norths 
Its  common  rapidity  is  three  miles  an 
hour.  A  north-eaft  wind  narrows  the 
ftre;uTi,  renders  it  more  rapid,  and  drives 
it  nearer  the  coaft.  North-weli  and 
veft  winds  have  a  contrary  elfcd.  The 
Gull'  Stream  is  fuppoled  to  be  occafion- 
ed  by  the  trade-wiilds  that  are  conftant- 
ly  driving  the  water  to  the  weftwaid, 
•wliich  being  comprefied  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  finds  a  pafl'age  between  Florida 
and  the  Bahama  Iflands,  and  runs  to  the 
nordveaft  along  tlie  American  coaft* 
This  hypothelis  is  confirmed  by  anoth- 
er faft :  It  is  faid  that  the  water  in  the 
Crulf  of  Mexico  is  many  yards  higher 
ihao  on  the  weftern  fide  of  the  conti- 
nent in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  highly 
probable  that  the  fund  carried  down  by 
great  rivers  into  bays,  and  the  current 
out  of  thele  bays  nieedng  widi  tlie  Gulf 
Stream,  by  their  eddies,  have  formed 
Kantucket  Shoals,  Cape  Cod,  George's 
Bank,  the  Ifland  of  Sable,  &c. 

Skilful  navigators,  who  have  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  extent  to  whici>  this 
Hream  reaches  v/ti  the  New-England 
coaft,  have  learnt,  in  their  voyages  from 
Europe  to  New-England,  New- York, 
or  Pennfylvania,  to  pafs  the  banks  of  j 
Newfoundland  in  about  44®  or  45°  N. 
lat.  to  fail  tlience  in  a  courfe  between 
the  northern  edge  of  the  Gulf  Stream, 
and  the  (hoals  and  u;.  Vs  of  Sablj  Ifland, 
George's  Bank  and  Nantu.ket,by  which 
diey  make  better  and  quicker  voyages 
to  America. 

Gunpowder,  a  river  of  the  weftern 
fhore  of  Maryland,  whofe  chief  branches 
unite  a  little  above  Joppa,  and  empty  in- 
to Chefapeak  Bay,  about  li  miles  above 
Patapfco  river.  It  is  navigable  only  a 
few  miles,  by  reafon  of  falls. 

GuNPowoEa  Neck,  near  the  head 
of  Chefiipeak  Bay,  is  a  curious  peninfula 
formed  by  Gunjjowder  river  and  Bufli 
river. 

Gurnet,  The.    See  DnyihoroHgh. 

GUYSBOROUGH,  ov  Matichejiery  a 
townftiip  in  NovarScotia,  on  Cheda- 
bu(5lo  Bay,  10  leagues  north-weft  of 
Cape  Canfo,  and  40  leagues  eaftwatd 
«f  Halifax,  confined  i^o  families  in 


H  AO 

H.'  ^"   -'■■■■''-"■' 

HA  Brag  A,  formerly  calle<l  Fott 
Dauphin,  a  fort  in  the  ifland  of 
Cuba. 

Hacha,  Rio  de  la,  or  La  Hachd, 
a  province,  its  chief  town,  and  a  river, 
in  Terra  Firma  or  Caftile  del  Oro,  in 
Soutli-America.  The  province  is  fur- 
rounded  on  two  fides  by  the  ocean,  viz. 
on  the  N.  and  N.  W*  and  on  the  third 
caft  ward  by  the  gulf  of  Venezuela.  The 
town  is  fivuated  at  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er, and  on  its  weft  fide,  on  a  little  hill 
about  a  n>il5  from  the  fea.  The  foil 
about  it  is  vcfy  rich,  and  abounds  with 
produtT^ions  common  to  the  climate,  alfb 
iZuropean  plants  and  fruits  ;  well  fup- 
pHed  v/ith  fait  fprings,  veins  of  gorld, 
and  fome  gems  of  great  value.  The  har- 
bour is  none  of  the  beft,  being  expofed 
to  the  north  winds.  It  is  about  8  leagues 
from  New  Salamanca,  and  18  from 
Cape  Vela,  N.  by  E.  and  246  miles  caft 
of  Carthagena.  Here  the  Spanifh  gal- 
leons toiicli  at  their  arrival  in  South-A- 
merica, from  whence  exprefles  are  fent 
to  all  the  fettlements,  to  give  them  no- 
tice of  it.  In  I  ?9^  it  was  furprifed  and* 
facked  by  Sir  Francis  Drake.  N.  lat. 
11"' 30',  VlMong.  7z°. 

Hacketstown,  a  fmall  poft-town 
in  SufTex  cmmty,  Ncw-Jerfey,  on  the 
north-weft  fide  of  Mufconecunk  river* 
It  is  about  three  miles  above  the  miner- 
al fpringnear  Roxb\uy,  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  the  river,  ai  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Morriftown,  1^6  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Suflex 
court-houfe,  and  ijo  N.N.E.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Hack  INS  ACK,  a  river  of  New-Jerfey 
which  rifes  in  New- York,  and  runs  a 
foutherty  courfe  four  or  five  miles  weft 
of  Hudfon's  river.  It  unites  with  Pafla- 
Ic  river  at  the  head  of  Newark  Bay,  and 
is  navigable  about  i^  railes. 

Hackins  AC  K,  die  chief  town  in  Ber- 
gen county,  New-Jerfey,  is  fituated  near 
the  weft  bank  of  the  above  river,  lo  milej 
north-weft  of  New- York  city.  The  in- 
habitants are  moftly  Dutch.  The houf- 
es  are  chiefly  built  of  ftone,  in  the  old 
Dutch  tafte.  Here  are  four  public 
buildings,  a  Dutch  and  Epifcopal  church, 
acourt-liourc,and  a  flouriihing  academy. 
The  people,  who  are  moftly  farmers, 
carry  their  produce  to  N€w-York. 

Haooam,  a  ;Bown  of  Conneftt- 
cut,  the  fecond  iii  rank  in  Midcflefex 
couity,  fituated  on  the  weft  fide   of 

Connecticut 


Connc 
its  nioi 
the  cit 


HAL 


HAL 


in 


VIZ. 


Corine£Hcui  mer,  i8  or  ao  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  lo  miles  fouth-eaft  of 
the  city  of  Middletown.  This  town- 
ihip,  including  Eaft-Haddain,  on  the  op- 
poiite  fide  of  the  river,  was  purchafed 
of  the  Indians,  May  zoth,  i66*.  Afpot 
in  Eaft-Haddam  was  famous  for  Indian 
FawafvstAnd  was  fubjed  for  many  years 
to  earthquakes  and  various  noifes,  which 
the  firft  fettlers,  agreeable  to  the  fuper- 
ftitious  ideas  of  that  age,  atuibuted  to 
thefe  Pwwanvs.  An  old  Indian  being 
alked  what  was  the  reafon  of  i'uch  noil- 
es  in  this  place  ? — anfwered,  "  The  In- 
dian's God  was  very  angry  becaufe  the 
Englifhmen's  God  came  "here."  Thefe 
Hoiies  are  now  frequently  heard. 

HAOBONf:«?Lt),  a  Imall  town  in 
Gloucefler  count  j-.  New- Jerfey,  o  miles 
S.  E.  by  E.  of  Philauclphii,  and  17 
from  Bui'lington. 

Haoley,  a  pleafant  town  in  Hamp- 
fhire  county,  Maflachult'tts,  lying  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  Connecticut  river,  nearly 
oppofite  Northampton,  ao  miles  north  of 
Springfield,  afld  97  wefl  of  Bofton. 
The  town  conlills  of  two  long  fpacious 
ftreets,  which  run  parallel  with  each 
other,  and  with  the  river.  The  town- 
fhip  contains  882  inhabitants. 

Hacar&town,  now  called  Eliza- 
hith-Tciun  ;  which  fee.  It  has  a  confid- 
crable  trade  with  the  weltern  country, 
and  has  between  two  and  300  houfes. 
It  is  fituated  in  Wafhington  county, 
Maryland  f  is  a  pofl-town,  26  miles 
ftorth-weft  of  Fredericktown,  73  N.  W. 
by  W.  of  Baltirnore,  and  aa  S.  by  W.  of 
Cnamberfburg  in  Pennfylvania. 

Hal  BUT  Point,  the  north-eaft 
point  of  Cape  Anne,  in  Mjiflachufetts. 

Hales,  a  location  in  Grafton  county, 
New-Hanipfliire,  having  9  inhabitants. 

Half  IVIoon,  an  extenftve  townfliip 
in  Albany  county,  New-York.  It  con- 
tains 3,600  inhabitants ;  of  thefe,  ia8 
afe  flaves,  and  563  are  qualified  elec- 
tors. Waterfordi  a  neat,  compaft,  thriv- 
ing village  of  about  70  or  80  houfes,  two 
miles  E.  N.  E.  of  the  Cohoez,  and  la 
miles  north  of  Albany,  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  moft  northerly  branch  of 
Mohawk  river  and  on  the  wefl  bank  of 
the  Hudfbn,  is  fituated  in  this  townfhip. 

Halifax,  a  county  in  the  eaftcrn 
I>art  of  the  Britifh  province  of  Nova- 
Scotia.  It  contains  Halifax,  the  capit- 
al ;  the  townfhips  of  Londonderry, 
Truro,  Onflow,  Colchefter,  Lawreijce, 
Southampton,  Canfo,  and   Tinmcuth. 


The  mliabitants  are  chiefly  Irifh,  Scotch 
and  New-Englanders.  It  has  numerous 
bays,  and  rivers  }  the  chief  of  tlie  latter 
are  Shabfaennacadie,  which  is  a  boatable 
river,  the  PetitcocUac,  Memraracook, 
&c.    See  Nova-Scotia. 

Halifax,  the  capital  of  the  province 
of  Nova-Scotia,  in  the  county  of  its 
name,  was  fettled  by  a  number  of  Brit- 
ifh fubjeds  in  1749.  It  is  fituated  on 
a  fpacious  and  commodious  bay  or  har- 
bour, called  Chebufto,  of  a  bold  and  ea- 
fy  entrance,  where  a  thoufand  of  tlis 
largeft  fhips  might  ride  with  great  con- 
venience and  fatety.  The  town  is  built 
on  the  weft  fide  of  the  harbour,  on  the 
declivity  of  a  commanding  hill,  whoii 
fummit  is  436  feet  perpendicular  from 
the  level  of  the  fea.  The  town  is  laid 
out  into  oblong  fquares ;  the  ftreets  pa- 
rallel and  at  right  angles.  The  town 
and  fuburbs  are  about  two  miles  in 
lengtli ;  and  the  general  width  a  quarter 
of  a  mile.  It  contained  in  1793  about 
40C0  inhabitants  and  700  houfes.  At 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  town,  is 
the  king's  naval  yard,  completely  built 
andfupplied  with  Itores  of  every  kind 
for  the  royal  navV.  The  harbour  of 
Halifax  is  reckoned  inferior  to  no  place 
in  Britifh  America  for  the  feat  of  gov- 
emment>  being  open  and  accefTible  at  aJl 
feafbns  of  the  year,  when  almoft  all 
other  harbours  in  thefe  provinces  are 
locked  up  with  ice  ;  alfo  from  its  en* 
trance,  fituation  and  its  proximity  to  the 
bay  of  Fund)',  and  principal  interior 
fettlements  of  the  province. 

This  city  lying  on  the  fouth  coafl  of 
Nova-Scotia,  has  communication  with 
Pidou,  68  miles  to  the  north-eaft  oa 
the  gulf  of  St,  Lawrence,  by  a  good 
cart-road,  finifhcd  in  1792.  It  is  i% 
miles  northerly  of  Cape  Sanibro,  which 
form*  in  part  the  entrance  of  the  bay  ; 
27  fouth-calterly  of  Windfor,  40  N.  by 
£.  of  Truro,  80  N.  E.  by  E.  of  Annap. 
olison  the  bayof  Fundy,  and  157  fouth- 
eafl  of  St.  Ann,  in  New-Biunfwick, 
meafuring  in  a  flraight  line.  N.  lat. 
44°  40'.  W,  long.  6.?"  15'. 

Halifax, afoit  in  ihc  town  of  Winf- 
low,  in  Lincoln  county,  Mnine,  erc<^evl 
by  oixier  of  Governor  Shiilt.'y  in  1754. 
It  (lands  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  the  Sebaf>acook 
with  the  Kcnn(.iieck,  30  midcs  below 
Sandy  river. 

Halifax,  a  townOiip  in  Windhiim 
county,  VeimoDt,  23  miles  F.  by  S.  of 

Bennington, 


■■«''.  -•■•I       ;.'' 


■         I 


HAL 


HAM 


Bennington,  has  Marlborough  on  the 
north,  Hnd  the  Maflkchuletts  line  i'outh. 
It  contains  1309  inhabitants. 

Halifax,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Mail'achuletts,  iituated  35  niiles 
fouth-eaft  of  Bolton.  It  was  incorpo- 
tated  in  1-734,^  and  contains  664  inhabit- 
ants. 

Halifax,  a  village  or  fettkment  on 
the  eaft  tide  of  Suiquehannah  river,  in 
JDauphin  o()unty,Pennfylvania,  13  miles 
nortli  ot  J  larrifburg. 

H a L I F  AX,  one  ot  the  middle  diftrids 
of  North-Carolina,  bounded  north  by 
the  State  of  Virginia,  eaft  by  Edenton 
diftrid,  well  by  ffiUfborough,  and  fouth 
by  Newbcrn.  It  is  divided  into  7  coun- 
ties, viz.  Northampton,  Halifax,  Mar- 
tin, Edgconib,  Warren,  Franklin,  and 
Naih,  which  contain  64,630  inhabitants, 
including  25,402  (laves.  B«fiid«sihiall- 
er  ftreams,  the  Roanoke  pafles  through 
this  diftrld  in  a  fouth-eaft  courfe,  and 
the  Paniplico  has  its  fource  in  it.  Chief 
town,  Halifax. 

Halifax,  a  county  of  the  above  dif- 
trid,  bounded  north  by  Northampton, 
jTouth  by  Edgcomb,  eaft  by  Bertie,  and 
-weft  by  Warren.  It  contains  7459  in- 
habitants, and  6jo6  Haves.  Chief  town, 
^aiifax. 

Halifax,  the  cliief  town  of  the 
above  county,  and  of  the  diftridt  of  its 
-came  in  North-Carolina,, is  a  poft-town, 
pleafantly  Iituated  on  the'  \veftern  bank, 
of  the  Roanoke,  Scvt  fix  miles  below 
the  falls,  vcguldi-j  1  out,  and  befide?- 
dwellini:  hourcs,  has,  a  court-houfe  and 
gaol.  It  is  36  miles  north  ofTarbo- 
rough,  28  miles  from  Grenville  court- 
houl'e,  147  notth-eaft  of  Fayetteville,  75 
S.  by  W.  of  Pcterftiurg,  Virginia^  and 
383  S.W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 

36°i.V.  .       .     . 

Halifax,  a, county  in  Virgmia,  bor- 
dering on  tlie  State  of  North-Carolina. 
It  is  about  42  miles  long  and  39  broad, 
arid  contains  14,722  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 55^.5  Ikves. 

ri  A  J,  L  A  M,  a  townfliip  io  York  county, 
Pcnnfylvania.. 

Hallowell,  a  flourifhirg  poft- 
town  in  the  Diftridl  of  Maine,  and  the 
fliire  town  of  Lincoln  county,  fituated  in 
N.  lat.  44°  16',  at  the  head  of  the  tide 
waters  on  the  weft  fide  of  Kennebeck 
river.  An  academy  is  eftablifhed  here 
widi  a  confidei  able  fund  in  lands.  The 
court-houfe  Iiere  is  12  miles  S.  by  W. 
«f  Vaflalborough,  30  N.  by  W.  of  Wif- 


calTet,  40  north-raftof  New-Glouccfter/ 
and  19.5  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton.  Ha//oive/i 
Hook  lies  on  the  fame  fide  of  the  river^ 
three  miles  below  die  town,  and  five 
north  of  Pittlton.  The  whole  townfhip 
contains  1194  inhabitants. 

Hambaio,  a  principal  alTiento,  or 
jurifdidion  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in 
Peru.  It  is  fituHicd  in  1°  41'  sThit.  and 
12  miles  weft  of  the  city  of  Quito  ;  and 
has  6  fmall  villrfges  in  its  dependence.  It 
contains  about  18,000  inhabitants,  who 
are  nioilly  employed  in  weaving  ftufFs> 
and  in  knitting. 

Hambuen,  or  HatnJe/i,  3.  townfhip 
in  New- York  State,  bounded  north  by 
land  ceded  to  Maflachufetts,  fouth  bu 
the  north  line  of  Pennfylvania,  and  ealt 
by  Sidney.  Sufquehannah  river  pafTes 
in  a  welt  courfe  through  both  towns. 
The  centre  of  the  town  lies  13  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Chcnengo 
river. 

Ham  burg  ,  afmall  poft-town  of  New- 
Jcrfey,  18  miles  from  Ooflien  in  New- 
York,  and  20  from  Newtown  or  Sulfex 
court-houfe. 

Hamburg,  a  handfome  town  in 
Buike's  county,  Pennfylvania,  feated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Schuylkill.  Here  are 
about  50  or  60  houfes,  a  German  Lu- 
theran and  Calvinift  church,  united.  It 
is  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Reading,  and 
70  north-north-weft  of  Philadelphia. 
North  lat.  40°  34',  weft  long.  76°. 

Hamden,  a  townfhip  in  New- Haven 
county,  Connet^icut,  about  eight  miles 
north  of  New-Haven  city. 

Hamilton,  a  cape  on  the  north 
end  of  Newfoundland  Illand. 

Hamilton.  There  are  three  town- 
fliips  of  this  name  in  Pennfylvania ;  one 
in«ach  of  tlie  counties  of  York,  Franklin, 
and  Northampton. 

Hamilton,  a  iettlement  in  Vermont 
on  the  Canada  line. 

Hamilton,  in  Herkemer  county, 
New-Yoik,  a  townfhip  i*  miles  fquare, 
20  foutli  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  a  level 
townfhip  of  good  land,  faft  fettling. — 
Orifke  or  Olhifke  creek,  a  water  of 
Mohawk,  and  Chenun^,  a  water  of  Suf- 
quehannah, rife  in  this  townfhip.  In 
1796  there  were  1202  inhabitants,  of 
whom  196  were  elctftors. 

Hamilton,  a  town  or  fettlement 
lately  laid  out  in  Albany  county,  New- 
York,in  the  cxtenfivetownfliip  of  Water 
Vliet,  formerly  called  the  Glafs  Fa{}ory  r 
and  has  its  prefent  name  in  honour  of 

that 


HAM 


HAM 


Hrtiat  great  patron  of  American  manufac- 
tures, the  late  fecretary  of  the  treafury 
of  the  United  States  of  America.  It 
lies  10  miles  weft  of  Albany,  two  miles 
from  the  Scheno(^f;idy  road  ;  and  is  one 
of  the  moil  dccifive  eflforts  of  private 
enterprizc  in  the  mamifadturing  Ime,  as  • 
yet  exhibited  in  the  United  Stiitcs.  The 
giafs  manufaftory  is  now  fo  well  eftab- 
liHied,  and  fo  happily  fituated  for  the 
fupply  of  the  northern  and  weftern 
parts  of  the  State  of  New- York,  as  well 
as  Vermont  and  Canada,  tliat  it  is  to  be 
expe(5ted  the  proprietors  will  be  amjply ' 
rewarded  for  their  great  and  expenuve 
4;xertions.  The  glafs  is~  in  good  repu- 
tation. Here  are  two  glafs-houfec,  and 
various  other  buildingsycurious  hydrau- ' 
lie  works  to  fave  manual  labour,  oy  the 
help  of  niacliinery,  A  copious  flream 
runs  through  the  heart  of  the  lettlement 
which  lies  high  ;  and  being  furrounded 
by  pine  plains,  the  air  is  highly  Iklubri- 
ous.  The  great  Schoharie  road  ttav- 
€rfes  the  fett-lenient.  A  i'pacious  fcliool- 
houfe,  and  a  church  of  an  oftugon  form 
are  foon  to  be  erefted. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  thefe  glafs 
works,  a  block  was  cut  out  of  an  ancient 
tree,  not  many  years  ago,  containing 
evident  marks  of  an  axe  or  fome  edge 
tool,  made  i8;  years  ago,  determined 
according  to  the  ufuai  and  certain  mode . 
of  albertaining  the  age  of  trees.  I'he 
i)lock  is  prefei  ved  in  Albany  as  a  curi-  • 
ofity.  Henry  Hudfon  afcendcd  the  riv- 
er which  bears  his  name,  as  high  as  Al- 
iany,  in  tlie  autumn  of  1 609,  187  years 
ago,  and  thele  marks  were  probably 
made  by  fome  of  his  men. 

Hamilvon  For»  liesnear  the  mouth 
of  Bullock's  Creek  in  North-Carolina. 
This  was  the  route  purfued  by  Tarle- 
tftn,  after  his  deieat  at  Cowpcus,  in  Jan- 
iiary,  1781. 

Hamilton-,  a  dirtrid  in  the  State  of 
Tenneffce,  fituated  on  the  waters  of  the 
Holllon  and  Clinch  ;  bonified  ibuth 
by  Tenneflte  liver,  and  leparatcd  from 
Mero  diftrid  on  the  well  by  an  unin- 
habited country.  It  contains  the  counties 
•of  Knox,  JcfFerlon,  Blount,  Sevici,  and 
Grriingtr. 

Hamilton,  a  comity  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  erected  Jan.  4, 1 790,  "  begin- 
ning on  the  bank  ot  the  Ohio  rivei  at 
tiie  confluence  of  the  Little  Miami; 
and  down  the  faid  Ohio  riyer  to  dic 
mouth  of  the  Big  Miami,  and  up  Idid 
Miami  to  the  Standing  Stooe,  f  oiks,  or 


branch  of  faid  river  ;  and  thence  wit>i  t 
line  to  be  drawn  due  E.  to  the  Little  Mi- 
ami, and  down  faid  Little  Miami  river 
to  the  place  of  beginning." 

Hamilton,  Fort,  llands  on  the 
caft  iide  of  the  Great  Miami,  in  the  N. 
W.  Territory  }  45  miles  fouth  of  Fort 
St.  Clair,  and  15  north  of  Cincinnati. 
It  is  a  ftockaded  fort,  capable  of  con- 
taining aoo  men.  The  htuation  is  as 
advantageous  for  defence  as  pleafing  to 
the  eye.  It  is  built  upon  a  narrow  neck 
of  land,  commanding  the  Miami  on  the 
north-weft,  and  a  praire  and  fheet  of 
•water  on  the  nortli-eaft,  about  a  mile 
wide,  and  ai  miles  long.  The  ibil  near 
it  is  rich  and  fertile  ;  and  forage  may 
be  g^ot  by  repeated  mowings  of  natural 
grals. 

Hamilton,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda 
iHands. 

Hammel's  Town,  a  town  in  Dau- 
phine  county,  Pennfylvania,  five  miles 
from  Sulquehannah  river,  and  85  from 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  German 
church,  and  about  35  dwelling  houfea, 

Hampden  Syunby  Col,lege.  See 
Prhice  Edivard  County,  Virguiisi. 

HAMPSHJRii,  an  extenfive,  populous 
and  wealthy  county  in  Mallachuletts, 
made  a  Ibire  in  i66z.  It  is  in  many 
parts  mountainous  and  hilly,  and  ex- 
tends acrofs  the  State  from  north  to 
fouth  ;  bounded  nortli  by  ihe  States  of 
New-Hampfhire  and  Vermont,  fouth  by 
the  State  of  Connedicut,  eafl  by  Wor- 
cefter  county,  and  well  by  Berkfliire. 
It  contains  60  townftiips,  9 181  houfes, 
9617  families,  and  59,681  inhabitants. 
Its  principal  towns  lie  on  both  fides  of 
Connefticut  river,  which  interfeds  it 
from  north  to  ll'uth.  Thefe  are  Spring- 
field, Weft-Springfield,  Northampton, 
'Hadley,  Hatfield,  Dcerfield,  and  North- 
field.  It  is  generally  of  a  fertile  foil,  and 
produces  the  neccflaries  of  life,  and  fome 
of  its  luxuries  in  great  plenty. 

Hampshire,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  the  Patow- 
niack  river,  whicli  divides  it  from  the 
State  of  Maryland.  It  is. about  60  miles 
long  and  50  broad,  and  contains  7.ufj 
inhabitants,  including  454  (laves.  It  is 
well  watered  by  Patowniack  and  its 
Ibuth  branch.  Iron  ore  and  coals  have 
been  difcovered  on  the  banks  of  this 
river.    Chief  town,  Romney. 

Hampsteao,  rttown  in  Hockingham 
county,  Now-Hampihne,  about  34  miles 
weiltrly  of  Poitlmoulh,    It  was  incor- 
porated 


n-    \ 


!   t 


m. 


\    .V 


HAM 


H  A  N- 


•'S 


'Ml 


porated  in  1749,  and  contained  in  1775, 
768  inhabitants;  in  1790,  724. 

Hampsteao,  atownonl.onglfland, 
New- York,  nine  miles  eiifterly  ot  Ja- 
iTii'.ics,  and  13  miles  caftward  of  New- 
York  city.  In  this  town  is  an  exten- 
five  and  j  emarkable  plain,  called  Hajnp- 
Jiead  Plain.    See  Lonv  Ijlaiid, 

Hamhstead,  a  village  in  Georgia, 
about  lour  miles  from  Savannah,  and 
about  a  mile  from  another  village  called 
llighgate.  The  inhabitants  arc  garden- 
ers, and  fupply  the  town  witli  greens, 
pot  herbs,  roots,  Sec. 

Hampton,  a  townlhip  in  Windham 
county,  Connedicut,  three  miles  north- 
eiit  of  Windham,  of  which  it  was  form- 
erly a  pariHi,  but  lately  incorporated. 

Hampton,  East,  a  townlhip  io 
Ilanipfliire  county,  Ma.Tachufett>',  con- 
t  lining  45  7  inhabitants,  and  fituated  105 
miles  weft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1785. 

Hampton,  East,  on  the  eaft  end 
of  Long  I  Hand,  (New-York)  a  half  Aiire 
town  of  Suffolk  county.  It  has  3260 
inhabitants  ;  and  in  it  is  Clinton  Acad- 
emy, which  in  1795  had  9*  ftudents. 

Hamppon,  a  townfhip  on  the  fca- 
coaft  of  New-Hamplhire,  on  die  eaftcrn 
iide  of  Rockingham  county,  and  called 
IVinicutnet  by  the  Indians.  It  was  fet- 
tled under  Mafjachuletts,  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1638.  In  1775  it  contained  86» 
inhabitants,  and  in  1790,  853.  It  is  12 
or  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Portfmo\ith, 
and  eight  fouth-eafl:  of  Exeter.  In  1 791 , 
a  canal  was  cut  through  the  madhes  in 
tliis  town,  which  opens  an  inland  naviga- 
tion from  Hampton  through  Salifbury 
into  Merrimack  river,  for  about  eight 
miles ;  loaded  boats  may  pafs  through 
it  with  eafe  and  fafety. 

Hampton  Falls,  a  fmall  town 
taken  from  the  above  town,  lying  on  tlie 
road  which  leads  from  Exeter  to  New- 
bury-Port,  fix  miles  fouth-eafterly  of  die 
former,  and  eight  northerly  of  tlie  latter. 
In  1775  it  contained  645,  and  in  1790, 
^ij4i  inhabitants.  It  was  incorporated 
»n  1712. 

Hampton,  a  town  (hip  in  the  north- 
ern pait  of  Wafhington  county,  New- 
York,  havinjT  Skeenfijorough  on  the 
weft.  It  has  463  inhabitants,  of  whom 
107  are  eleftors. 

Hampi  ON,  the  capital  of  Elizabeth 
county,  in  Virginia,  alfo  a  port  of  entry 
and  poft-town,  fituated  at  the  head  of  a 
bay  which  fuos  up  north  fro.n  the  luou'.h 


of  James  river,  called  Hampton  Road,  fivft 
miles  north-v/elt  of  Point  Comfort.  It 
contains  about  30  houfes,  an  epifcopal 
church,  a  court-houfe  and  gaol.  The 
value  of  its  exports  of  grain,  lumber, 
ftaves,  &c.  amounted  to  41,997  dollars 
in  one  year,  ending  September  30,  1794. 
This  town  was  anciendy  called  Kecou^h- 
ton  by  the  Indians.  It  is  18  miles  nurtii 
of  Norfolk,  22  foudi-eaft  of  York-Town, 
93  eaft-fouth-eaft  of  Richmond,  and  205 
W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Ha Ncocit's  Harbour,  called  by  the 
Indians  C/iojHot,  is  fituated  about  ao 
leagues  eaft-lbiith-eaft  of  Nootka,  in 
N.  lat.  48°  30',  weft  long,  from  Green- 
wich 115°  26'.  The  entrance  of  this 
harbour  is  about  five  miles  in  length,  and 
has  COP''  -nchorage  ;  about  it  are  feat, 
tered  a  number  ot  iflands,  and  fevcral 
fand-banks  or  fpiis.  It  has  alfo  a  num-< 
ber  of  fine  coves.  The  land  round  the 
harbour  is  generally  uneven,  rocky  and 
mountainous ;  covered  however  with 
pine,  fir,  fpruce,  cedar,  hemlock,  cyprefs 
and  other  trees  of  a  remarlcible  fize. 
The  climate  here  is  much  milder  than 
in  the  fame  latitude  on  the  eaftern  fide 
of  the  continent ;  the  froft  in  winter 
being  feldom  fo  fevere  as  to  prevent 
vegetation.  An  eafterly  wind  is  con-- 
fictered  here  as  a  prognoftic  of  a  ftorm, 
and  weft  winds  bring  fair  weather. 
Deer,  racoons,  wolves,  bears,  fc^uirrels, 
martins,  land  otters,  beaver  and  wild-cats 
are  the  animals  which  inhabit  the  forefts. 
The  amphibious  animals  are  the  com- 
mon feal,  ;ind  the  fea-otter.  The  (kin 
of  the  lattir  is  very  valuable.  .The  in- 
habitants re  faid  to  be  cannibals.  This 
and  other  places  of  the  fame  name  have 
their  appi  'rttion  in  honour  of  the  late 
Governor  Hancock,  of  MafTichufetts. 

Hancock,  a  river  of  Wafhingtoq 
ifland,  on  the  north-weft  coaft  of  North-, 
America,  called  Majheet  by  the  Indians, 
difcovered  by  Captain  Crowell  in  1791, 
It  empties  into  the  fea  from  the  north 
end  of  the  largeft  ifland.  At  its  mouih 
it  is  nearly  two  and  an  half  nautical 
miles  wide  ;  and  a  confiderable  fize  ten 
miles  up.  It  has  at  its  mouth  five  fath- 
oms water,  gradually  increafing  in 
breadth  ;  ana  for  74  miles  up,  to 
Goofe  Ifland,  has  not  lefs  than  ten  fath- 
oms. Captain  Ingraham  examined  it 
about  la  miles ;  but  by  the  information 
of  the  natives,  he  judged  that  it  commu- 
nicates with  Skitikils  Bav,  or  near  it,  on 
the  eafl  lidc  of  the  iflands.    It  is  by  far 

the 


wmm 


HAN 

the  raoft  eligible  for  a  new  fetHemcnt, 
otany  place  the  Captain  had  feen  on  the 
coaft.  The  land  is  low  and  apparently 
very  fertile  ;  and  the  river  abounds  with 
falraon.  Were  a  good  houfe  ereded  on 
forae  of  the  pleafant  ibots  it  would  have 
every  appearance  of  bein^  long  fettled. 
Beautiful  bufltes  and  gfais  occupy  the 
(kirts  of  the  woods.  The  mouth  of  the 
river  is  in  north  lat.  54"  7',  weft  long. 

*3i  54'. 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon 
county,  Vermont. 

Hancock,  a  large  maritime  county 
of  theDittridtof  Mame,  bounded  north 
by  Lower  Canada,  fouth  by  the  ocean, 
eaft  by  Wafliington  county,  and  weft 
by  Lincoln  county.  It  is  190  miles  long 
frow  north  to  fouth,  and  nearly  60 
broad.  It  contains  24  townlhips  and 
plantations  ;  of  which  Penobfcot  and 
Caftine  are  the  chief.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  greatly  incrcafcd  fince 
1790.  At  that  time  there  were  9549 
fouls.  It  is  remarkably  well  watered 
by  Penobfcot  river  and  its  branches. 
Union  river,  and  other  fmallcr  ftreams. 
The  northern  part  of  the  county  tends 
its  waters  in  one  ftream  from  numerous 
branches,  in  a  N.E.  courfe  to  St.  John's 
river.  On  the  i'ea-coaft  are  many 
harbours  and  inlets,  hid  by  a  multitude 
of  fertile  iflands  ;  the  largeft  of  thefc  in 
a  S.  W.  direftion  from  Goldlborough, 
are  Mount  Defart,  Swan  Ifles,  Vinal  Ha- 
ven, Haut  Ifle,  Deer,  ?.nd  Iflefcorough  ; 
iill  fituated  in  Penobfcot  Bay.  Great 
part  of  the  county  is  yet  unfettled.  The 
towns  along  the  fea-coaft,  and  on  the 
|janks  of  Penobfcot  and  Union  rivers,  are 
the  moft  fertile  and  populous.  Caftine 
is  the  ihire  town.  See  Maine  and  Pe^ 
nohfcot. 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine,  embofomed  by  the  Ken- 
nebecJc  atid  Sebafticook  rivers,  bounded 
N.  W.  by  Canaan,  and  7  miles  north  of 
the  confluence  of  the  tv/o  rivers.  It  con- 
tains  278  inhabitants, 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  inHillftjorough 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  fituated  be- 
tween two  wcftern  branches  of  Contoo- 
iGook  river,  14  miles  eaft  of  Keene,  and 
between  60  and  70  W.  by  S.  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1779, 
and  contains  634  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  long,  narrow  and  moun- 
tainous townfliip  on  the  New- York  line, 
in  Berkftiire  county,  Maflachufetts,  hav- 
ing tlic  tuwas  «f  Lanen)orough  and 


II  A  N 

Partridqefield  on  the  northward,  awl 
Pittsfield  on  the  S.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1776,  has  iiii  inhabitants,  and  lies 
10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lenox,  and  ijo 
W.  ofBofton. 

Hancock,  a  fmall  poft-town  of  Ma- 
ryland, fituuted  in  Wafliington  couQty, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Patowmack  river,  be- 
tween Conolowy  and  Little  ConolowTr 
creeks,  about  45  miles  S.  E.  of  Bedford 
in  Pennfylvania,  34  N.  E.  of  Old  Town 
in  Maryland,  and  119  N.  W.  of  Balti- 
more. 

Hancock,  a  new  county  in  the  tip« 
per  diftrid  of  Georgia. 

Hannah  Bay  Hmfi,  a  facjtory  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  at  the  fouth 
end  of  James'  Bay  m  North-America, 
and  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Harricanaw 
river,  45  miles  £.  byS.  of  Moofe  Fort, 
and  1 8  below  a  houfe  on  the  fame  river. 

Hannah's-Town,  in  Weftmoreland 
county,  Pennfylvania,  4  miles  N.  N.  E. 
of  Greenfl)urg,  and  on  the  road  from 
Bedford  to  Pittfljurg ;  54  miles  N.  W. 
by  W.  of  the  former,  and  »6  eaft  of  the 
latter. 

Hannibal,  a  military  townfliip  in  the 
State  of  New-York,  on  lake  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Ofwego. 

Hanover,  a  bay  in  the  fea  of  Hondu- 
ras, fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  penin- 
fula  of  Yucatan,  from  which  it  receives 
the  waters  of  the  Rio  Honde.  The 
traft  of  land  between  the  river  Honde 
and  the  Balize  was  ceded  by  the  Span- 
ilh  king  to  the  king  of  Great-Britain,  at 
the  peace  of  1783,  for  the  purpofe  of 
cutting  and  carrying  away  logwood. 
See  Bahia  de  Clxitumat. 

Hanover,  a  townfhip  in  Luzeme- 
county,  Pennfylvania.    Alfo  a  townfhip 
in  Wafliington  county.    Eaft  and  Weft 
lIanover,are  two  townfliips  in  Dauphine 
county  in  the  fame  State. 

Hanover,  or  M^AtliJier'j-To'wn,  a 
poft-town  in  York  county,  Pennfylva. 
nia,  fituated  between  Cadorus  creek, 
and  a  branch  of  Little  Conewago,  which 
flows  into  the  Sufquehannah.  It  con- 
tains nearly  300  dwelling  houfes,  and  a 
German  and  Lutheran  church.  It  is  7 
miles  north  oftl»e  Maryland  line,  18 
miles  fouthrweft  of  York,  and  106  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Hanover,  a  townfliip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Maflachufetts,  25  miles  S.  E, 
from  Boflon ;  was  incorporated  in  1 7a  7, 
and  contains  1,083  inhabitants. 

liANQVER,    a  poft-town  of   New* 
Hampfhire, 


''    iil:; 


IS 


ii:      ' 


••»-*^ 


r? 


HAN 

Hampfhire,  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Connt'dticut  river  in  Grafton  county. 
Darhnoiith  Col/e^f,  in  this  town,  n 
fituated  on  a  btautiful  plain,  about 
half  a  mile,  from  the  river,  in  4,1°  43' 
N.  lat.  and  in  74°  14'  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich.  It  derives  its  name  from 
William,  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  one  of  its 
principal  henefa(Jtors,  and  was  founded 
in  the  year  1769  by  the  late  Dr.  Eleazer 
Wheclock.  The  funds  of  the  college 
confift  chiefly  of  lands,  amounting  to 
about  8o,coo  acres,  which  are  incrcafinR 
in  value  in  proportion  to  the  growth  of 
the  country  ;  1,200  acres  lie  contiguous 
to  the  college ;  and  arc  capable  of  tlie 
bed  improvement;  12,000  lie  in  Ver- 
mont. A  tni:l  of  8  miles  fquarc  war. 
S anted  by  the  afiembly  of  New  Hamp- 
ire  in  1789.  The  revenue  of  the  col- 
lege, ariling  from  the  lands,  in  1793, 
amounted  annually  to/ 140.  By  con- 
tradsthen  made,  they  would  amount,  in 
four  years  after,  to/450;  and  in  la 
years  to  /650.  The  income  from  tui- 
tion is  about  jC6oo  per  annum.  The 
rumber  of  imder-graduatcs  is,  on  an  av- 
erage, from  150  to  180.  A  grammar 
fchool  of  about  50  or  60  fcholars  is  an- 
nexed to  the  college.  The  {Indents 
are  under  the  imvntidiatc  government 
and  inftruftioD  of  a  prefidcnt,  who  is 
aifo  profeflbr  of  hiftorv,  a  profcfTor  of 
mathematics  and  natural  philofophy,  a 
profeflbr  of  languages,  and  two  tutors. 
The  college  is  furnilhed  with  a  haniifome 
library  and  a  philofophical  apparatus  tol- 
erably complete.  A  new  college  edilice 
of  wood,  150  by  50  feet,  and  three  (lories 
high,  w.^s  ere>fted  in  1786,  containing  ,^6 
rooms  for  ftudents.  Its  fituation  is  ele- 
vated, healthful  and  picafant,  command- 
inc  an  extenfivc  profped  to  the  weft. 
There  arc  three  other  pubhc  build- 
ings, belonging  to  the  college,  and  a 
handfome  congregational  meeting-houfe 
has  lately  been  erected,  in  which  the 
commencement  exercifes  are  exhibited. 
Jt  is  ■$»  milts  north  of  Cliarlcfton,  11^ 
N.  W.  by  W.  of  Portfmouth,  138  N. 
W.  of  Bofton,  and  378  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Hanover,  a  townfliip  in  Morris 
county,  New-Jerfey.  In  a  ridge  of  hills 
in  this  townftiip  are  a  number  of  wells, 
40  miles  from  the  fea  in  a  ilraight  line, 
vhich  regularly  ebb  and  flow  about  6 
f  ieet  twice  in  every  24  hours.  It  is  about 
t6  miles  N.  W.  of  Elizabcrh-Town,  and 
joins  upon  Morriftown. 


H  A  R 

IlANorrR,  a  county  of  Virginia,  fy, 
ing  between  Pamunky  and  Chickahom- 
iny  river?!.  Its  length  is  about  48  miles, 
and  its  breadth  11 ;  and  contains  14,754 
inhabitants,  including  X,i»j  (laves»  It 
abounds  with  limc-ltone. 

Hanovf.r,  a  fmall  townof  Virginia, 
of  the  above  county,  fituated  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  Pamunky,  in  which  is  an 
academy.  It  is  6  mile»  from  New-Caftle, 
la  N.  E.  by  E.  of  Richmond,  and  no 
N.  N.  W.  of  Wafhington  city. 

Hants,  a  county  of  Nova-Scotia,  be- 
ginning about  .^o  miles  frrmi  Halifax, 
contains  the  townfhips  of  Windfor,  Fal- 
mouth, and  Newport ;  leveral  valuable 
trafts  leinain  unfettled.  The  road  from 
Halifax  runs  part  of  tne  way  between 
Windfor  and  Newport,  and  has  fettlc- 
ments  on  it  at  fmall  diftances.  The 
county  is  about  20  miles  fquare,  and  is 
well  watered.  The  rivers  St.  Croix, 
Kenetcoot,  and  Cocmiguen  empty  into 
the  Avon,  and  are  all  navigable  except 
thelart.  The Cacaguet and Cobe'  'tare 
navigable  40  miles  for  veflcls  o'"        ons, 

Hapaef.,  4  fmall  iflands  ar  he 

Friendly  Iflcs,  in  the  South  Sea. 

Hardin,  a  new  county  in  the  State 
of  Kentucky,  bounded  N.E.  by  Wafh- 
ington and  Lincoln,  N.  W.  and  W.  by 
Nelibn  and  Greene,  and  S.  E.  by  Logan 
counties. 

Hardwick,  a  townlhip  in  Caledonia 
county,  in  Vermont. 

Hardwick,  a  townlhip  in  Worcefter 
county,  Mafliichufetts,  a  ^  miles  N.  W. 
of  Worcefter,  and  70  S.  W.  of  Bofton. 
It  is  feparated  fi-om  New-Braintree 
and  Ware  by  Ware  river.  There  are 
within  this  town  445  houfes,  1,725  in- 
habitants, 5  corn  and  4  faw  mills,  and 
two  clolhiers'  works. 

Hardwick,  a  townfhip  in  SufTex 
County,  New-Jerfey,  nearly  10  miles 
S.  W.  of  Newton. 

Hardwic^  a  fnudl  town  of  Geor- 
gia, at  the  mouth  of  Ogeeche  river,  and 
about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  lately  been  made  a  port  of  entry. 

Hardy,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed north  by  Hampfhire.  It  is  about  60 
miles  long,  and  40  in  breadth,  and  con- 
tains 7,3.'?6  inhabitants,  including  369 
Haves.    Chief  town,  Moodield. 

Hardvston,  a  townlliip  in  Suffer 
county,  New-Jerfey,  containing  2,393 
inhabitants,  including  a6  ilaves. 

Harf,  B/7)',  a  large  bay  on  the  eaft 
coail  of  Newibundiuad. 

Hare 


MAR 


inhabit     near    M* 
the  N.  W.  part  of 


HarR  Indians 
kcnzie's  river  in 
North-America. 

Harford  County,  in  Maryliind,  is 
bounded  north  by  York  county  in  Penn- 
I'ylvania ;  call  by  Sul'quehannah  river 
and  Chelapeak  Bay.  The  chiet  waters 
within  die  county  are  Bu(h  river  and 
Deer  creek;  on  which  are  i6  mills  ot 
diilercnt  kinds.  On  the  former  and  its 
brunches  are  the  towns  of  Ilaifbrd,  Ab- 
inston,  Coopftown,  and  Btlle-Air.  The 
other  towns  are  Havre  de  Ciras  at  the 
mouth  of  Sulquchnnnah,  and  Joppa  be- 
low tlie  forks  oi  Gunpowder. 

It  contains  14,976  mhabitants,  inclu- 
ding 3,417  Haves.  Chief  town,  Belle- 
A-r. 

Harford,  or  BuJ/j-tsnun,  in  Harford 
county,  Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  waters  of  Bufh  river,  between 
Binam's  and  Janies's  runs ;  die  former 
ieparating  it  from  Abington.  It  has 
few  houfes,  and  is  falling  to  decay  (ince 
the  courts  of  juflice  have  been  removed 
to  Belle-Air.  It  is  9  miles  S.  E.  of 
Belle-Air,  and  ij  N.  £.  by  E.  of  Balti- 
more. 

IlARLEM.atownflilp  in  Lincolncoun- 
ty,  Maine,  incorporated  in  1796.  It  was 
formerly  called  Jona's  Plantation. 

llARLEM,or£fl///</Wr,a  river  which 
connects  Long-Illand  Sound  with  North, 
or  Hudlbn  river,  and  forms  York-Ifl- 
and. 

Harlem,  a  divifion  of  New- York 
county  in  the  northern  part  of  York-Ifl- 
and,  which  contains  803  inhabitants, 
including  189  flaves.  The  village  of 
its  name  ilands  9  miles  northerly  of 
New- York  city,  and  4  S.  W.  of  Weft- 
Chefler.  It  is  oppolite  to  the  weft  end 
of  Hell  Gate. 

Harm  AN 's  Stationy  in  Kentucky,  is 
a  fort  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  weft  branch 
of  Big  Sandy  river.  On  the  oppolite 
fide  of  this  branch  is  die  Great  Salt 
fpring.  Harman's  Station  is  about  20 
miles  foudi  of  Vancouver's  fort. 

Harmar,  a  well  conftiiiited.  fort  in 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  iituated  at  the 
moudi  of  the  Mulkingum.  It  has  5  bal- 
tions,  and  3  cannon  mounted,  and  is 
garrifoned  by  4  companies.  It  is  con- 
veniently iituated  to  reinforce  any  of 
the  pofts  up  or  down  the  river  Ohb. 
The  place  is  remarkably  healthy. 

HARMONY,a  village  inLuzerne  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  clofe  on  the  line  of 
New- York,  on  the  north  fide  of  Star- 


H  A  R 

ucca  creek,a  water  of  the  cart  branch  of 
Suiiiuehannah  river.  Between  this  and 
Stockport  on  Delaware  river,  diftant  iS 
miles  K.  S.  1^.  there  is  a  portage.  It  is 
about  140  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  1 30  N.  W.  of  New- York.  N, 
lat.  4i«'58'. 

IIarpatw,  a  fma}l  beatable  river  in 
TenncHie,  which,  after  a  N.  N.  W. 
courfe  of  about  10  miles,  falls  into  Cum- 
berland river,  19  miles  N.  W.  of  Nalh- 
ville. 

Harpersfield,  a  townfhip  in  Otfd- 
go  county,  in  New-York,  bounded  S. 
VV.  by  Unadilla  townlhip,  and  32  miles 
S.  E.  of  Cooperftown  ;  155  of  its  inhab- 
itants are  eleffors.  Through  this  town 
runs  the  great  poft-road  from  Hudibo 
to  Williamfburgh,  62  miles  weft  ot 
Hudiba  city. 

Hakple,  a  townfliip  in  Dela\vare 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Harpswf  LL,  atownfhip  in  Cumber- 
land countv    >iftrift  of  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated in  I ; ,  '6,  and  contains  107 1  inhab- 
itants.  Itis  bounded  eafterly  byGeorgc- 
town  ;  from  which  it  is  feparatcd  by  a' 
navigable  river.    The  people  here  are 
opening  a  communication  by  a  canal 
between  the  waters  of  Kennebeck  river 
and  thofe  of  Cafco  Bay,  through  the 
arm  of  the  lea  called  Stevens's  river. 
The  point  called  Metryconcag,  pro- 
je(^ina  itfelf  into  the  bay  together  with 
the  ilTand  Sebafcodeagan,  and  feveral 
other  fmall  iflands,  are  incorporated 
and  form  this  townlhip.    The  waters 
round  this  ifland  extend  to  within  two 
miles  of  the  waters  of  the  Kennebeck, 
and  thus  form  what  is  called  Small  Point. 
Harrington,  a  townfliip  in  Bergen 
county,  New-Jerfey. 

Harrisuurg,  a  poft-town,  and  the 
capital  of  Dauphine  county,  Pennfylva- 
nia, is  (ituated  on  theN.E.  bank  of 
Sufquehannah  river.  It  is  laid  out  rcg. 
ularlv)  and  contains  about  300  houfes  ; 
of  wnich  feveral  are  neat  and  conveni- 
ent ;  lome  of  brick  and  others  of  ftone. 
In  1 789,  it  contained  i  ,^0  houfes,  a  ftone 
gaol,  and  a  German  church.    At  that 

Eeriod  it  had  been  fettled  about  3  years, 
t  is  107  miles  W.  N.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, S3  W.  S.  W.  of  Reading,  and  17 
E.  N.  E.  of  Carlille.    N.  lat.  40"  16*. 

Harrison,  a  townfhip  in  Weft-GheC. 

ter  county.  New- York,  containing  1004 

inhabitants;  of  whom  115  areeleftors^ 

and  54  flaves. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  weftera 

part 


fVi 


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H  A  R 


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^rt  of  Virginia,  Sounded  N.  by  Ohio 
county,  N.  £.  by  Monongalia,  S.  by 
Greenbmr;  and  6.  W.  by  Kenhauja^ 
Its  length  13  about  120  miles,  its  breadtli 
80;  and  ♦h::  number  of  inhabitants 
11,080,  including  67  ilaves.  Chief  town, 
Clarkfturg. 

Harrison,  a  new  county  in  the  N. 
E.  part  of  the  State  of  Kentucky,  N.  of 
fiourbon. 

Harrodsburg,  or  Harrodftotun^  a 
poft-town  in  M^-ccr  county,  Kentucky, 
at  the  head  of  Salt  river,  which  con- 
tains about  ao  houfes,and  is  10  miles  S. 
W.  of  DanviJlc,  30  S.  by  TV.  of  Frank- 
fort,  and  825  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Hartford,  a  townfhip  in  Windfor 
county,  Vermont,  on  ConneSicut  river, 
oppofite  the  town  of  Lebanon,  in  New- 
Hampihire.  It  contains  988  inhabitants. 
Hartford,  a  townihip  on  the  eafl 
bank  ot  Genefiee  river,  in  New-York 
Slate,  40  miles  W.  of  Geneva,  and  67 
S.  E.  by  E.  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Uartvori>,  a  fertile  and  populous, 
though  hilly  county,  in  Conne<<Hcut, 
houuaed  N.  by  the  State  of  Maflkchu- 
fetts  ;  S.  by  part  of  Middlelex  and 
New-Haven  counties  ;  E.  by  Tolland, 
and  W.  by  Litchfield  county.  It  is 
about  94  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  its 
greatelt  breadth  fronr  '...  to  W.  is  30 
miles.  It  is  divided  '■Jto  i^  townfhips, 
and  t:Qntains  38,039  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 263  flaves.  Chief  town,  Hartford 
city. 

Hartford  C//y,  the  cr.pital  of  Con- 
necticut, lies  on  the  weft  bank  of  Con- 
nedicLt  river,  in  the  county  and  town- 
fliip  of  its  own  name,  50  miles  north- 
wellerly  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  at 
Saybrook  Bar,  in  Long  Ifland  Sound  ; 
and  thus  far  tire  tide  flows.  'I  he  town- 
fhip  is  6  miles  fquare,  bounded  N.  by 
Wmdfor,  N.E.  by  Eaft-Windfor,  W.  by 
Farmington,  E.  by  Eaft-Hartford,  S.  E. 
by  Glaltenbury,  and  S.  by  Wethergfield. 
The  town  is  divided  by  a  Imall  ftream 
called  Little  River,  with  high  romantic 
banks,  over  which  is  a  bridge  connefling 
the  two  divisions  of  the  town.  The 
city  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  ftreets  in- 
teriedting  each  other  at  right  angles.  Its 
buildings  are  an  elegant  ftate-houl'e,lately 
built,  2  churches  for  Congregationahfls, 
i  for  EpifcOpaiiaos,  and  between  400 
and  500  dwelling-houfcs  ;  a  number  of 
which  are  handwmcly  biuit  with  brick. 
The  inhabitants  amount  to  upwards  of 
4^«c-<3.    A  baok  M'as  incorporated  in 


1 792,  with  100,000  dollars  capital,  n  Jtn- 
ber  of  Ihares  250.  The  cor^ration  havd 
the  power  to  extend  tlieir  capiul  to 
500,000  dollars.  A  woollen  manufac- 
tory was  f  <Hblithed  here  and  encourag* 
ed  by  the  State,  but  kas  not  fucccedea. 
The  town  is  advantageoufly  iituated  fof 
trade,  has  a  fine  back  country,  enters 
largely  into  the  manufacturing  bufinefs, 
and  is  a  rich,  fkurilhing,  commercial 
town. 

This  town  was  firft  fettled  in  th«  year 
1636,  by  Mr.  Hayne?  and  Mr.  Hooker^ 
who,  with  their  adhereAtf,>removed  front 
Mafladiufetts.  The  Dutch  had  then  % 
trading  houfe  at  the  confluence  of  Mill 
and  ConneClieut  rivers*  .  They  foon  re- 
linquilhed  the  fettlement,and  their  lands 
were  conflfcated  by  a  comlhiffion  from 
the  Commonwealth  of  England  in  1653. 
A  point  of  land,  which  formed  part  of 
then-  pofleflions,  is  ftill  called  Dutch 
Point.  It  is  40  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
New-Haven,  55  N.  W.  of  New-I^n- 
don,  134  S.  W.  of  Bofton,  ia!8  N.E.  of 
New- York,  223  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia, 
^o»  from  Richmond,  376  from  Walh-' 
ington  city,  1044  from  Augufta,  and 
1018  from  Frankfort  in  Kentucky.    N. 

lat,4i«44',W.long.  73<'4'. 

Hartland,  a  townihip  of  Connecti- 
cut, the  north-eaiternmoft  in  Litchfield 
county. 

Hartland,  a  townfhip  in  Windfof 
county,  Vermont,  fituated  on  the  wefl 
bank  of  Connecticut  river,  11  miles  be- 
low the  15  mile  Falls. 

HARVARr,  a  townihip  in  the  eaftern 
partofWorceftercounty,Maffachufetts, 
23  miles  N.  E.  of  \\orcefter,  and  2S 
north-eafterly  of  Boftor  It  was  incor- 
pomted  in  173a,  by  this  name,  in  hon- 
our of  the  founder  of  Harvard  Univerfity 
in  Cambridge.    It  has  1400  inhabitants. 

Harvard  University.  See  CatH' 
bridge. 

Harwich,  a  townfliip  on  Cape  Cod, 
in  Barnftable  county,Maflkehufetts,lyin^« 
between  Yarmouth  and  Chatham,  about 
88  miles  S.  E.  of  Bofton, containing  2303 
inhabitants.  It  extends  quite  acrofs  the 
cape,  which  is  here  about  6  miles  over. 
Their  marine  bufinefs  lies  chiefly  in  the 
fiftiery.  The  remairts  of  the  Indians  of 
this  townfhip  are  only  6  or  7  foul?. 
They  live  at  Potanuviaquut. 

Harwich,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland 
county,  Vermont,  containing  165  inhab- 
itants. 

Harwincton,  a  poft-town  of  Con- 
necticut, 


tt  At 

he6Hcut;  in  Litchfield  county,  8  miles  i 
t.  of  Litchfield,  and  24  W.  by  N.  of 
Hartford. 

Hatborough,  a  fniall  town  in 
Montgomery  county^  Pennfyivania,  fit- 
uated  Oh  the  N.  E.  fide  of  Pannepack 
Creeks  which  runs  into  Delaware  river 
about  5  miles  above  Frankfort.  It  con- 
tains about  £0  houfes. 

Hatcka  Cones.    See  Pearl  River. 

Hatch  I.    Ste  Pearl  River. 

Hatch V,  a  navigable  river  in  the 
State  of  Tenneflbe,  runs  wefterly  into 
the  Miflifippi,  about  19  miles  N.  of 
Wolf  river,  and  is  about  80  yards  wide 
;  miles  from  its  mouth. 

HAtFiEtD,  a  very  pleafant  toWn  in 
Hampftiire  couhty,  M.ifTachufetts,  (itua- 
ted  on  the  weft  bank  of  a  bend  of  Con- 
nedicut  river  where  it  is  80  rods  wide, 
5  miles  north  of  Northampton,  and 
100  weft  of  Bofton.  It  lies  chiefly 
on  one  ftreet,  and  contains  103  hou- 
fes, and  ^03  inhabitants.  Here  are 
two  ferries  on  Connefticut  river ;  the 
one  to  Hadley,  the  other  to  Amherfl:. 
North  of  the  ferry  to  Amherft,  the 
river  meets  with  a  bled  of  rocks,  which 
leffens  its  breadth  ao  or  30  rods — no 
fall,  but  a  large  eddy  at  high  water. 

Hatjbras  i;;  the  moft  remarkable 
and  dangerous  cape  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
America.  This  point  extends  far  irito 
the  ocean,  from  the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina, 
in  3?'^  15'  N.  lat.  The  water  is  very 
fhoal  ht  a  great  diftance  from  the  cape, 
which  is  remarkable  for  fuddcn  fqualls 
of  wind,  and  for  the  moft  feverc  ftorms 
of  thimder,  lichtning  and  rain,  which 
happen  almoil  every  day,  during  one 
half  the  year.  At  the  time  of  Sir  Wal- 
ter Raleigh's  approaching  this  coaft, 
the  ftioals  in  the  vicinity  of  Hatteras 
were  found  fc  dangerous,  fo  extenfive, 
and  fo  (hallow,  many  of  them  covered 
with  not  niore  than  5  or  6  feet  water, 
that  no  vcfi'els,  in  that  latitude,  ventur- 
ed within  7  leagues  of  the  hind. 

At  prefent  the  out-flioals,  which  lie 
about  14  miles  S.  W.  of  the  cape,  are 
but  of  5  or  6  acres  extent,  and  where 
they  are  re?lly  dangerous  to  veflels  of 
moderate  draught,  not  above  half  that 
extent.  On  the  Ihoaleft  part  of  thefe 
is  about  10  feet  at  low  water ;  and 
here,  at  times,  the  ocean  bteaks  in  a 
tren^cndous  manner,  ipouting,  ar>it  were, 

to  the  clouds,  from  the  violent  agitation 

of  the  Gulf  Stream,  which  touclies  the 

eaftcrri  edge  of  the  banks,  from  which 


H  A  V 

the  declivity  is  fudden,  that  is  to  fay, 
frdra  10  fathoms  to  po  foundings.    Orj 
the  foot  above  mentioned,  which  is 
firm  land,  it  has  been  the  lot  of  many  a 
good  veffel  to  ftrike,  in  a  gale  of  wind, 
and  go  to  pieces.    In  moderate  weath- 
erj  however,  thefe  flioals  may  be  pafled 
over,  if  ueceflar^',  at  full  tide,  without 
much   danger,   by  veffels  not  draw- 
ing more  than  8,  9,  or  10  feet  water. 
From  this  bank,  formerly  of  vaft  ex- 
tent, and  called  the  Full  Moan  Sbul,  a 
ridge  runs  the  whole  diftance  to  tiie 
cape  about  a  N.  W.  courle,  is  about 
half  a  mile  wide,  and  at  low  water  has 
generally,  10,  11  and  la  feet  water. 
There  are  gaps  at  equal  intervals,  af- 
fording channels  of  about  15  or  16  feet 
water.    The  moft  noted  of  thefe  is  a- 
bout  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  land, 
and  is  at  leaft  two  miles  and  a  half 
wide,  and  might  at  full  fea  be  fafely 
paifed  by  the  iargeft  fhips;  but  is  rare- 
ly ufed  except  by  coafting  veflels.    It 
may  be    eadly  known  by  a  range  of 
breakers  always  fcen  on  the  weft  (ide, 
and  a  breaker  head  or  two  on  the  eaft- 
ern  fide ;  which,  however,  are  not  fo 
conftant,  only  appearing  when  the  fea 
is  confiderably  agitated.    A  little  north 
of  the  cape  is  good  anrhoring  in  4  or  ? 
fathoms ;  and  with  the  wind  to  the  weft- 
ward,  a  boat  may  land  in  fafety,  and 
even  bring  off"  c'flcr?  of  fiefli  water,  plen- 
ty of  which  is  to  be  found  every  where 
on  the  beach,  by  digging  a  foot  or  two, 
and  putting  a  barrel  into  the  fand. 

Hatton's  Ford,  on  Tugelo  riv- 
er, a  village  16  miles  from  Pendleton 
court-houle,  in  S.  Carolina,  and  17  from 
Franklin  court-houle,  in  Georgii. 

Haut  Isle  is  the  fouthernmoft  of 
the  large  illands  in  Penobfcot  Bay,  in 
Lincoln  county,  Diftrift  of  Maine. 

Havannah,  a  ftrongly  fortified  fea- 
port  town,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  capital  of  the  ifland,  lor 
miles  alinoft  diredtly  S.  of  Cape  Floricla, 
ai.d  conil  jucntly  commands  the  gulf 
of  that  ramt.  Its  great  Ihength,  im- 
portance, and  happy  fituiuion,  occrifion 
It  to  be  called  the  key  of  the  Weft- In- 
dies. It  is  famous  for  its  harbour,  which 
is  fo  large  that  it  may  hold  1000  veflels, 
and  yet  the  mouth  isfo  narrow  that 
only  one  fliip  can  enter  at  a  time.  This 
is  the  place  vheie  alt  the  f^iips  ih>t 
come  from  the  Spanifh  fettlements  ren- 
dezvous on  their  return  to  Spain.  The 
entrance  iuto  the  harbow  is  well  defend- 

a  ■ 


■'1 

1 1 

\ 

mw 


'■^ 
I 


H  A  V 


HAW 


ed  by   forts  and  platforms  of  great 

Jjuns.  The  town,  lituated  on  the  weft 
ide  of  the  harbour,  contains  above  aooo 
houfes  with  a  great  number  of  rich 
churches  and  convents.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  convmerce  i  the  re(idence  of  the 
governor  of  the  ifland,  and  other  royal 
ofKcers,  the  bifhop  of  St.  Jago,  and  moft 
men  of  fortune  belonging  to  the  idand. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Britifli  in  176a,  but 
reftored  to  tlie  Spaniards  by  the  treaty 
of  peace  in  1763.  It  is  30  miles  W.  of 
the  town  of  Sant..  Cruz,  and  54  miles 
from  Cape  Sed.  N.  lat.  23,^  11',  W. 
long.  8»°  13'. 

Haverforu,  a  lownfhip  in  Delaware 
county,  Pcnnfflvania. 

Haverhh-l,  a  poft-towB  of  New- 
Hamplhire,  and  the  capital  of  Grafton 
county,  lituated  on  the  eaft  Ctle  of  Con- 
nedicut  river,  in  Lower  Coos.  It  has 
be. ween  40  and  ^o  compatfl  houfcs,  a 
well  conftruiited  court-houfe,  and  a  con- 
gregational church.  This  townfhip  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  contains  552 
inhabitants.  In  it  is  a  bed  of  iron  ore, 
which  has  yielded  fome  profit  to  the 
proprietor,  alio  a  quarry  of  free-ftone, 
£t  for  hearths  and  chimney  pieces.  It 
has  alio  a  fuUing-mill,  an  oil-mil!,  and 
many  other  excellent  mill  feats.  It  is 
©ppofite  to  Newbury  in  Vermont,  35 
miles  above  Dartmouth  college,!  1 9  miles 
N.  W.  ofPortfinouth. 

HAVERHrLL,  ahandfome  poft-town 
of  Maffachufetts,  m  Eflex  county,  fit- 
uated  on  the  N.  lide  of  Merrimack  riv- 
er, acrofs  which  is  an  elegant  bridge, 
connefting  this  town  with  Bradford, 
650  feet  long  aad  34  wide.  It  has  3 
arches,  of  180  feet  eacli,  fupported  by 
3  handfone  flone  piers,  40  feet  fquar*?  j 
alio  a  draw  of  30  feet,  o»er  the  channel 
cf  the  river.  Haverhill  has  a  conlidera- 
ble  inland  trade,  lying  about  33  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Bofton,  and  is  miles  from 
NewDuryport,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  about  a8  S.  W.  of  Portfinouth  in 
New-Hampfhire.  It  lies  chiefly  upon 
two  ftreets  ;  the  principal  of  which 
runs  paraUel  with  the  river.  Vcflels  of 
xoo  tonslurden  can  go  up  to  it.  Trav- 
ellers are  ftruck  with  the  pleafantnefs  of 
the  fituation ;  and  a  number  of  neat  and 
well  finiflied  houfes  give  it  an  air  of  ele- 
gance. Here  are  two  churches,  one 
ior  Congregationaliils  and  one  for  Bap- 
tifts ;  3  diuilleries,  one  of  which  has 
lately  undergone  a  laudable  tranfmuta- 
tioa  into  a  brewery.    Some  vefl'cb  aic 


annually  built  here,  andfeveral  ate  tlii* 
ployed  in  the  Weft-India  trade.  A 
manufadtory  of  fail-cloth  was  begun 
here  in  1 789,  and  is  faid  to  be  in  a  prom* 
ifing  way.  The  trade  of  the  place, 
however,  is  confiderably  lefs  than  before 
the  revolution.  The  whole  townlhip 
contains  330  houfes, and  2,408  inhabit^ 
ants. 

Haverstbaw  Bay,  called  by  fome 
Haver/bit m,  in  Hudfon's  river,  38  miles 
above  New- York  city,  fpreads  S.  of 
Stony  Point,  und  before  the  town  of  its 
own  name,  is  10  miles  long  and  about  3 
wide. 

HAVERSTRAW,atownfliipinOrange 
cormty.  New- York,  lituated  on  the  W. 
fide  ot  the  above  bay,  31;  miles  N.  of 
New- York  eity.  It  contains  4,826  in- 
habitants, uf  whom  98  are  qualified 
ele(flor&,  and  238  flaves. 

Havre  ue  Grace, orGRASiapoft-* 
town  and  port  of  entry  in  Harford  coun- 
ty, Maryland,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  at  its  mouth  in  Chcfapeak 
Bay.  It  contains  about  40  houfes,  250 
inKabitants,  and  is  the  port  of  entry  for 
all  the  Ihores  of  Chefapeak  Bay  aoove 
Turkey  Point.  It  is  6  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Charlefton  in-  Cecil  county,  37  N.E. 
of  Baltimore,  and  65  W.  S.  W.  of  Pliil- 
ad,elphia.    N.  lat.  39°  39'. 

Haw,  a  w^ater  of  Cape  Fear  which 
unites  with  Deep  river.  It  may  be  ren- 
dered navigable  for  jo  miles.  Sec  Sax' 
apakano  River. 

Hawke,  a  to\7n(hip  in  Rockingham 
county,  New-Hamplhire,  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1760,  and  contained  in  1775, 
504,  and  in  1790,  420  inhabitants. 

Hawkins,  a  county  in  Walhington 
diftri(5^,  in  Tenneflee,  having  6,970  in- 
habitants, inclufive  of  807  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Uogerfville. 

Haw  kins  Court-Hou/a,  in  Tenneflee, 
is  ts  milts  from  Fiee-ftone  Cap,  72  from 
Abingdon,  and  178  from  Danville  in 
Kentucky. 

Hawk's  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Weft- 
Florida,  wcftward  of  the  mouth  of  Mo- 
bile  Bay,  is  between  Pelican  and  Dau- 
phin iflands.  There  is  a  broad  channel 
of  1 1  and  1 2  feet  water,  afterwards  fate 
anchora{;e  in  4  fathoms,  good  holding 
ground,  and  (heltercd  from  moft  winds ; 
on  which  account  it  is  rery  convenient 
for  fmull  vellels. 

Hawke's  Harbovr  is  an  arm  of 
Igornachoix  Bay,  Newfoundland  Ifland. 

HAWLtY,  a  tov/nlhip  in  Hamplhire 

county. 


HE  I 


H  E  L 


county,  MaflHchufetts,  i  jo  miles  U'cffcr- 
ly  of  Bofton.  Previous  to  its  incorpora- 
tion in  1792,  it  was  called  Plantation 
No.  7,  and  had  5,39  inhabitants.  It  is 
compofed  of  parts  of  feveral  adjoining 
towns,  and  is  about  ao  miles  N.  W.  of 
Northampton. 

Ha V COCKS,  afraall  ifle  in  Delaware 
river,  about  7  miles  below  Eafton,  in 
Northampton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Havk's  Island,  a  linall  ifland  ofNew 
Sout>.  Wales  formed  by  the  rivers  Nel- 
Ibn  and  Hayes.  At  the  mouth  of  Nel- 
fon  river  ftands  Fort  York  ;  which,  as 
well  as  Nelfon  river,  is  called  Bourbon 
by  the  French. 

Hayne's  Fort,  Colonel,  is  fituated 
jn  Nelfon  county,  Kentucky,  on  the 
north  fide  of  Green  river,  25  miles  weft 
of  Craig's  Fort,  and  5.3  from  the  Ohio. 

Heath,  a  townfliip  in  Ilamplhire 
couniy,Maffachufetts,  containing  3  79  in- 
habitants. It  was  incwporatcd  m  1 7  8  5 , 
and  is  tt^  miles  N.  W.  of  Bofton,  and 
about  18  miles  N.N.W.of  Northampton. 

Hf.bron,  a  town  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty,  Maine,  iituated  on  the  N.  E.  fide  of 
Little  Androfcoggin,  wasincorporatcd  in 
J79S.  It  is  3  5  miles  N.  by  \  T.  of  Portland. 

Hebron,  a  townlhip  in  Wafhington 
rounty,  New- York,  containing  1703  in- 
habitants, of  whom  414  are  ele(ftors. 

Hebron,  a  townfliip  in  Tolland  coun- 
ty, Connedicut,  fettled  in  1 704  from 
Northampton.  Moft  of  the  lands  were 
given  by  Jolhua,  fachcm  of  the  Mohe- 
gan  tribe,  in  his  laft  will  and  teftamcnt. 
It  lies  between  Lebanon  and  Glaftcn- 
bury,  about  18  miles  S.  E.  of  Hartford, 
and  16  fouth  of  Tolland. 

Hebron,  a  Morax-ian  fettlement  in 
Pennfylvania,  16  miles  from  Litiz,  which 
is  70  miles  northerly  of  Philadelphia. 
This  fettlement  began  in  1757. 

Hector,  a  military  townfhip  in  the 
State  of  New-York,  on  the  call  (ide  of 
Seneca  Lake  towards  the  fouth  end, 
having  Ovid  on  the  north  and  Newtown 
townmip  on  the  louth,  and  29  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake. 

Heidelberg,  u  Moravian  fettlement 
in  PcnnfyK'ania,  begun  in  i74.>;  fitua- 
ted 34  niiles  from  Litiz,  which  is  in 
Warwick  townfhip,  Lancafter  county. 

Heidelberg,  a  handfomc  town  in 
Dauphinc  county,  Pennfylvania,  con- 
taining about  100  houfes  and  two  Gcr- 
rnan  (marches  for  Lutherans  and  Cal- 
vinifts*  'one  of  the  churches  is  a  hard- 
fome  fto|e  building.    It  is  53  miles  E. 


by  N.  of  Harrifljurg,  and  74  N.  W.  by 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  There  are  two 
other  townfliips  of  this  name  in  the 
State,  the  one  in  York  county,  the  oth* 
er  in  that  of  Northampton. 

Height  of  Land,  a  range  of  moun- 
tains which  extend  from  S.  W.  to  the 
N.  E.  and  feparates  the  Diftrift  of 
Maine  from  Lower  Canada,  giving  rife 
to  many  rivers  which  fall  into  St.  Law- 
rence river,  and  others  which  fall  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  principal 
grmvth  between  the  Height  of  Land 
and  St.  Francis  river  is  beech,  mapje, 
birch,  henibck  and  fir,  very  few  white 
pines,  and  no  oak  of  any  fort.  Some 
of  the  rivers  have  fine  intervales. 

Helena  Island, St. on  the  coaflof 
S.  Carolina,  with  the  continent  on  the 
north,  forms  St.  Helena  Sound  or  En- 
trance, and  gives  name  to  a  parifh  in 
Beiufort  diftrift. 

Helena  Parish,  St.  in  Beaufort  dii^ 
trii5>,  S.  Carolina,  confifts  of  a  clufter  of 
iflands,  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  St.  Helena 
Ifland,  one  of  the  largeft  of  which  is 
Port  Royal."  Adjacent  to  Port  Royal 
arc  St.  Helena,  Ladies,  Paris,  and  Hunt- 
ing Iflands.  The  Hunting  iflands  are 
5  or  6  in  number,  bordering  on  the 
ocean,  fo  called  from  the  number  of  deer 
and  other  game  found  upon  them.  All 
thefe  iflands,  and  fome  others  of  lefs  note 
belong  to  this  parifli.  The  produce  of 
the  iflands  is  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  corn, 
and  fweet  potatoes  ;  the  cultivation  cf 
which,  as  well  as  in  otli'T  parts  of  the 
St  '■;  entirely  carried  on  byflaves. 
T  lid  by  St.  Helena  parifh  jCi, 144 

13  :  a.     Chief  town,  Beaufort,  on  Poir 
Royal  iflard. 

Helena,  St  ;  tov/n  on  the  caft  oi 
Florida,  built  by  :!ie  Spaniard  and 
burnt  by  Sir  Francis  Drake  in  158 , . 

Hell  Gate,  this  celebrated  ftrait  is 
near  the  weft  end  of  Long  Ifl;md  Sound 
oppofite  to  Harlem  in  York  '  'Innd,  and 
about  8  miles  north-eaft  o*  New-York 
city,  and  is  remarkable  foi  its  whirl- 
pools,  which  make  a  tremendous  roar- 
ing at  certain  times  of  the  tide.  T'-^efe 
whirlpools  are  occafioned  by  ^h<  ar- 
rownefs  and  crookedncfs  of  1 1-  likge, 
and  a  bed  of  rocks  which  extend  quite 
acrofs  it ;  and  not  by  the  meeting  of 
the  tides  from  eaft  to  weft,  as  has  been 
conjeftured,  becaufe  they  meet  at  Frog's 
Po-nt,  feveral  miles  above.  A  fkilfal 
pilot  may  conduct  a  fliip  of  any  burden, 
with  fafety,  through  this  ftral:,  at  high 


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HEN 

water  with  the  tide,  or  at  low  water 
%vith  a  fair  wind.  There  is  a  tradition 
amona  the  Indians,  that  in  Tome  diilant 
period,  in  former  times,  their  anceftors 
could  ftep  from  rock  to  rock,  and  crofs 
this  arm  of  the  fea  on  foot  at  Hell  Gate. 

Hemlock, alakein New-York  State, 
1%  miici)  long,  and  i  broad,  in  the  Gen- 
cflee  country. 

Hempfield,  the  name  of  two  town- 
fliips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lan- 
cafter  county,  the  other  in  that  of  Weft- 
morel  and. 

Henderson's  Grant,  a  traft  la 
miles  fquarc,  on  the  peninfula  formed 
by  the  juntElion  of  Green  river  with  the 
Ohio,  in  the  State  of  Kentucky. 

Henley  House,  a  ftation  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  on  the  north 
bank  of  Albany  river,  in  New  S.  Wales, 
ijo  miles  S.  W.  of  Albany  Fort,  and 
1 10  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Brunfwick  Houfe. 
N.  lat.  si"  14' 27",  W.  long.  8,5°  5'  54''. 

Henniker,  a  townlhip  in  Hillfbo- 
rough  county,  New-Hampfliire,  about 
iz  miles  weft  of  Concord.  In  1775,  it 
contained  367,  and  in  1790, 1127  inhab- 
itants. 

Henlopen,  Cape,  forms  the  S.  W. 
iide  of  the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay, 
and  Cape  May  tlie  N,  E.  fide,  38  miles 
apart.  Cape  Henlopen  lies  in  N.  lat. 
38°  50 ',  and  in  W.  long,  75  "  26'.  There 
is  a  light-houfe  here,  a  few  miles  below 
the  town  of  Lewis,  of  an  otftugon  form, 
handfomely  built  of  ftone  115  feet  high, 
and  its  foundation  is  nearly  as  much  a- 
bove  the  level  of  the  fea.  The  lantern 
is  between  7  and  8  feet  fquare,  lighted 
■with  8  lamps,  and  may  be  feen  in  t|ie 
night  10  leagues  oft"  at  fea.  its  annual 
expenfe  is  about  £(ti;o.  There  is  a 
llrong  iron  net-work,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent birds  from  breaking  the  glafs  at 
pight.  Yet  fo  attraflive  Is  the  lit  -it  to 
the  winged  tribe,  that  flu-itly  aft' :  its 
ere(5lion,  no  birds  of  different  kinds 
were  found  dead  one  morning,  and  a 
duck,  in  particular  flew  againft  it  with 
fuch  force,  as  to  penetrate  tjirough  both 
the  wire  and  glafs,  and  was  found  dead 
in  the  lantern.  Since  the  above  acci- 
dent, few  fiinilar  ones  liave  occurred,  and 
the  birds  have  become  more  wary. 

VefTels  olF  tlie  De'..ware,  upon  dif- 
playing  a  jack  at  tjic  foietopmalVhead, 
will  be  immediately  furnilhed  with  a 
pilot.  None,  however,  are  to  be  de- 
pended upon,  unkls  they  are  furniflied 
with  branches,  and  with  a  certificate 


HER 

from  the  board  of  war4en9  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Henr!CO,  a  county  of  Virginia,  about 
30  miles  long,  and  7  broad,  contains 
1 3,000  inhabitants,in  eluding  5819  Oaves. 
It  is  furrounded  by  Hanover,  Charles 
City,  and  Goochland  counties,  and 
James  river.  A  number  of  coal  mines 
are  in  the  county,  and  pits  have  been 
opened  by  many  of  the  proprietors,  and 
worked  to  confiderable  profit.  The 
coals  in  feveral  of  tb  pus  are  found 
nearly  300  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river,  and  3  or  4  fe§t  below  the  furface 
of  the  ground.  It  is  fuppofed  that 
500,000  bufhels  might  be  raifcd  from 
orie  of  thefe  in  a  year.  Chief  town» 
Richmond. 

Henriqjjelle,  a  remarkable  falt- 
pond  in  the  Spanifh  part  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  about  33  leagues  in 
circuit.  It  is  inhabited  by  lizards  and 
alligators,  and  land  tortoifes,  all  of  a 
lai"ge  fize.  The  water  is  deep,  clear, 
bitter  and  fait,  and  has  a  difagreeable 
fmell.  Near  the  middle  of  this  pond  is 
an  ifland  about  3  leagues  long,  and  a 
league  wide,  in  which  is  a  ipring  of 
frein  water,  well  ftocked  with  cabritoesy 
and  thence  called  Cabrito  ijlani.  This 
pond  is  about  1 1  leagues  E.,  of  Port  a,u 
Prince. 

Henry,  a  cape,  the north-eaftern  ex- 
tremhy  of  Princefs  Ann  county,  in  Vir- 
ginia, I  %  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cape  Charles 
in  Northampton  county.  Thefe  capes 
form  the  entrance  of  Ch^fapeak  Bay. 
Cape  Henry  lies  in  "fij.  laV  37",  W. 
long.  76°  16'. 

Henry,  a  fort  in  Pennfylvania,  8  miles 
N.  by  W,  of  Myer's  Town,  at  the  head 
of  Tulpehocken  creek,  3  a  N.  of  Lan- 
cafter,  and  nearly  37  S.  E.  of  Sunbury. 

Henry,  a  mountainous  and  hilly 
county  of  Virginia,  bounded  N.  by 
Franklin,  S.  and  S.  E,  by  Patrick,  S.  W. 
by  Grifon,  and  N.  W.  and  W.  by 
Montgomery.  It  is  about  40  n)iles  long, 
15  broad,  and  contains  6938  inhabitants, 
includ'ng  1551  flaves. 

Hentionitan,  an  ifland  in  the  N. 
E.  part  of  Lake  Huron. 

Herkemer,  a  new  county  of  New- 
York,  divided  into  ao  townfhips,  viz. 
German  Flats,  Warren,  Frankfort,  and 
Litch?  id,  I'ormtd  out  of  German  fiaii 
in  Feb.  179^).  Herkemcr,  Fairfield  and 
Norv  ,  y,  fomied  out  of  FchfieUs  Feb. 
1796.  -Schuyler.  The  following  werp 
<;oii.prehended  originally  in  Whitejvwn^ 

vi*. 


HER 

viz.  Paris,  Sangerfidd,  Hamihon,  Sher- 
burn,  Brookficid,  Cazenovia,  Weftniore- 
land,  Mexico,  Rorqe,  Steuben  and  Floyd. 
By  the  State  cenliis  of  1796  this  county 
contains  25,573  inhabitants,  of  whom 
4 16 1  are  electors.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
part  of  Lower  Canada  and  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  N.  W.  by  the  E.  end  of 
Laite  Ontario,  and  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence ;  S.  by  Otfego  county  ;  E.  by 
Clinton  and  part  of  Wartiington  county. 

Herkemek  Town,  in  the  above 
county,  is  fituated  on  the  north  fide  of 
Mohawk  river.  The  townfliip  includes 
the  village  galled  Little  German 
Flats,  and  the  celebrated  plain  called 
German  Flats,  The  village  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  a  Dutch  church,  and 
about  40  dwelling  hdufes,  which  laft 
are  very  indifferent  buildings.  It  is  80 
miles  N.  W.  by  V/.  of  Albany,  i6  S,  E. 
of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  and  ao  in  a  like  di- 
redlion  from  Wmteftown.  In  the  midft 
of  the  fiats  is  a  fhrub  oak  plain  of  80 
or  100  acres,  barren  and  ftoney,  of  no 
ufe  but  for  building  lots.  The  townfhip 
is  named  in  honour  of  general  Herkemer, 
who  was  mortally  wounded  in  the  late 
war.  It  contained  in  1796,  by  the  State 
cenfus,  2073  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  338 
were  eleiitors. 

Hero,  No^ith,  an  ifland  in  Lake 
Champlain,  is  a  townfliip  annexed  to 
Chittenden  county  in  Vermont,  and 
pontains  135  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles 
in  length,  and  *  in  breadth. 

Hero,  South,  an  i/land  in  the  fame 
lake,  belonging  to  Chittenden  county, 
Vermont,  is  a  townfhip  and  port  of  en- 
try, and  contains  537  inhabitants.  It  is 
J4  miles  long,  and  3^  broad.  Numer- 
ous fmall  ifle?  furround  the  Heros.  This 
ifland  produces  good  crops  of  wheat 
and  other  grain.  In  it  is  a  quarry  of 
bluilb  grey  marble,  which  has  the  ap- 

f)earance  of  being  a  petrifaftion  of  fcal- 
ops,  a  fpecies  of  fhcll  common  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  lake,  together  with  the 
common  earth  of  the  fhore,  which  is  of 
a  marlcy  fubftance, 

Heron,  Pass  Ay,  at  the  bay  of  Mo- 
bile, in  W.  Florida,  is  18  miles  E,  of 
Pafcagoula  river,  and  has  a  feet  water  ; 
and  from  thence  to  the  point  which  is 
on  the  E.  fide  of  the  bay  of  Mobile,  in 
N-  lat.  30°  I  /  is  nearly  6  miles. 

Herring  Bay,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Chefapoak  Bay,  Maryland,  a6  miles  S. 
pf  Annapolis,  and  derives  its  name  from 
the  fifli  oi  its  name  which  frequent  it. 


HI  G 

Herring  Pond  Indians.  BKSanf- 

ivich. 

Hertford,  a  county  of  Fdenton  dif. 
tri6t,  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N.  by  the 
St4te  of  Virginia,  S.  by  Bertie  county, 
E.  by  Chowan,  and  W.  by  Northamp- 
ton, and  contains  5318  inhabitants,  uf 
whom  344*  are  fl^ves.  .Chief  town, 
Wynton. 

Hertford,  a  nofl-town  of  N.  Caro^ 
lina,  in  Edenton  diflrid,  and  capital  of 
Gates  county,  fituated  on  the  W.  fide 
of  Perquimin's  river.  It  cont;uDS  about 
20  houfe^,  a  couit-houfe,  and  gaol,  and 
is  18  miles  N,  N,  E.  of  Edenton,  20% 
N.  N.  E.  of  Wilmington,  and  38  S.  by 
W.  of  Suffolk  in  Virginia. 

Hervey's  Isle,  oiie  of  the  new  dit 
covered  iflands,  in  the  South  Sea,  vifited 
by  captain  Cook  in  1778,  S,  lat.  19* 
18',  W.  long.  159"  6'. 

Heve,  or  ta  Haive,  a  port  and 
cape  on  the  S,  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia, 
Here  the  French  01  ilt  a  fort,  which 
was  taken  by  the  Briaih  witli  fome  I0& 
of  men  in  1712, 

HiATsTOWN,  a  village  in  Middlefex 
county,  New-Jei  fey ;  13  miles  northeafl- 
crly  of  Trenton,  and  17  S.  by  W.  of 
Ncw-Brunfwick. 

•Hickman's,  a  fettlement  in  Fayette 
county,  Kentucky,  on  the  N.  fiae  of 
Kentucky  river,  10  miles  N.  of  Danville 
and  aa  S.  of  Lexington. 

Hid  Island  is  fituated  in  the  N.  W, 
Territory  ;  in  Plein  river,  the  northern 
head  water  of  tlie  Illinois. 

Highgatf,  a  village  in  Georgia* 
nbout  4  miles  from  Savannah.  See 
Hampjlcad, 

IliGHGATr,  die  north-Vvreflernmofl: 
townfhip  except  Alburgh,  in  Vermont, 
in  Franklin  county,  contains  103  inhab- 
itants. 

Highlands,  a  moimtainous  trail  of 
fountry  on  the  banks  of  Iludfon's  river, 
in  the  State  of  New- York,  between  40 
and  60  miles  N.  of  New-York  city. 
The  paflage  on  the  river  through  thele 
Hich.'aiids,  for  the  diftance  of  about  \% 
miles,  is  grand  and  -romantic  in  a  high 
degree.  The  opt-ning  fcems  to  have 
been  formed  on  purpofe  for  the  pafTiige 
of  this  noble  river.  In  thefo  highlands 
are  fituated  the  important  and  famous 
fortrefTcs  of  Well  Point,  Fort  Montgom- 
ery, and  Stoney  Point.  The  moft  no- 
ted peaks  are,  as  you  afcend  the  river, 
Thunder  Hill,  St.  Anthony's  Nofe,  Su- 
gar Loaf,  Butter  Hill,  and  Break  Neek 

Hill. 


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Hill.  After  pafTing  the  two  kft,  the 
coi-.ntry  opens  delightfully,  and  prefents 
to  the  eye  the  pleafant  \'ilJages  of  New- 
"W'ndlbrand  Newburgh.  Thefe  moun- 
tains abound  with  iron  ore. 

HiGHWAssEE.  See  Hiivajee  Riv- 
er. 

HiGUEY,  or  J/fa  Gracia,  a  city  in 
the  S.  E.  part  of  the  Spanifli  divifion  of 
St.  Domingo,  the  eafternmoft  of  all  the 
fettlements  in  the  ifland,  celebrated  for- 
merly for  its  fertility,  and  the  quantity 
of  fugar  it  produced.  It  was  tormerly 
the  feat  of  Cayacca,  the  moft  poM'erful 
cacique  of  the  ifland.  It  has  now  only 
about  500  inhabitants,  and  is  diftant  a- 
bout  40  leagues  to  the  cailward  of  St. 
Domingo,  between  which  and  Higuey 
are  three  roads,  the  circuitous  and  north- 
crnmcft  of  which  leads  by  Bayaguana. 
N.  lat.  18°  ^o'. 

Hills,  a  river  in  New'  South  Wale*;, 
which  rifes  fromPathapoowinepee  La.kc, 
and  empties  into  Hudlbn's  Bay  at  York 
Fort. 

Hillsdale,  a  townfltip  in  Columbia 
county.  New  York,  i8  miles  from  Hud- 
fon  city,  containing  4556  inhabitants, 
including  31  flaves.  By  the  State  cen- 
fiis  of  1796,  62»  of  the  inhabitants  are 
eletStors. 

Hillsborough,  an  idand  on  the 
Labrpdor  coaft,  on  a  bay  at  the  head  of 
which  is  Naip.    See  Nah. 

HiLLSBORorcH,  a  county  of  Ncw- 
Hampfliirc,  bounded  N.  by  Grafton 
county,  S.  by  the  State  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  \V.  by  Chelhire,  and  E.  by  Rock- 
ingham county ._ 

7t  is  dividea  into  ^57  townfliips  and  4 
gores  of  land,  which  contain  3a,87i  in- 
habitants, all  free  people,  who  chiefly 
follow  agriculture.  The  academy  at 
Amherft,  has  X^8oo  funds,  and  anotlier 
At  New-Ipfwich  of>C  1000.  Chief  towns, 
Amherft  and  Hopkinton. 

HiLLSBOROtTGiT,  a  townfliip  in  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  northern 
head  branches  of  Contocook  river,  a- 
bout  I?  or  20  miles  W.  of  Concord,  was 
incorporated  in  177a,  and  contains  798 
inhabitants. 

HiLLsnoROUGH,  a  townfliip  in  Som- 
erfct  county,  New-Jerfev,  containing 
4,?oi  inhabitants,  including  306  flaves. 
It  is  about  15  miles  W.  of  Brunfwick, 
and  18  northerly  of  Trenton. 

HiLLSBOROi'iGH,  a  village  on  the 
eaftern  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Caro- 
line county,  Mar^'bnd ;  feated  on  the 


E.  fide  of  Tuckahoc  Creek,  one  of  the 
chief  branches  of  Choptank  river,  7 
miles  S.  E.  by  E.  of  Dtnton,  9  N.  W. 
of  Greenlborough.  and  27  S.  S.  W.  of 
Chefter. 

HiLLsnoROUGH,  oneofthe  middle 
diftri(5ts  of  North-Carolina,  bounded  N. 
by  the  State  of  Virginia,  S.  by  Fayette- 
ville  diftria:,  E.  by  Halifax,  and  W.  by 
Sidifljury.  It  comprehends  the  counties 
of  Gran\-ille,  Perfon,  Cafwell,  Orange, 
Wake,  Chatham,  -and  Randolph  ;  and 
contains  59,98.^  inhabitants,  of  whom 
13,506  are  flaves.  Chief  town,  Hillfbo- 
rough. 

HIM.3BOROUOH,  a  poft-town  of 
North-Carolina,  and  capital  of  the  dif- 
tridofits  name,  is  fituated  in  Orange 
county,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Eno  river,  in  a 
high,  healthy  and  fertile  country.  It 
contains  about  80  houfes,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol ;  and  had  in  1788  an  academy 
of  60  or  80  fludents,  patronized  by 
the  principal  gentlemen  of  the  State. 
The  Eno  unites  with  Little  and  Flat 
rivers,  and  forms  the  Neus,  about  17 
miles  below  the  town.  It  is  180  miles 
W.  N.  W.  of  Newbern,  a6  S.  by  W, 
of  Perfon  court-houfe,  loi  W.  by  S.  of 
Halifax,  no  E.  N.  E.  of  Salifburj',  and 
454  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

HiLLSDALF,  a  townfliip  in  Colum- 
bia county.  New- York,  having  Claver- 
ack  on  the  W.  and  Great-Barrington 
in  Berkfliire  county,  Maflachufetts,  on 
the  E.  It  contains  4556  inhabitants,  of 
whom  31  are  flaves. 

HiLLTOWN,  a  fmall  to\vn  near  th,e 
centre  of  ChefVer  county,  Pennfylvania ; 
28  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  ai  N. 
W.  of  Chefler.  Alfo  the  name  of  a 
townfliip  in  Bucks  county  in  tl;e  fame 
State. 

Hilton  Head  is  the  moft  fouthcrn 
fea  land  in  S.  Carolina.  W.  and  S.  W. 
of  Hilton  Head  lie  Pirckney's,  Bulls, 
Dawfufldes  and  fome  fmaller  iflands, 
between  which  and  Hilton  Head,  are 
Calibogie  river  and  found,  which  form 
the  outlet  of  May  and  New  rivers. 

Hilton's  Poikt,  in  Pifcataqua  river, 
in  New-Hampfhire,  is  the  fpot  where 
the  united  flream  of  Ncwichawannock 
p.nd  Cochecho  rivers,  which  comes  from 
Dover,  meets  the  wef^ern  branch  and 
forms  the  Pifcataqua  :  From  thence  to 
the  fea  is  7  miles,  the  courfe  generally 
S.  to  S.  E.  and  the  river  is  fo  rapid  that 
it  never  freezes. 

HiNCHE,  a  territory  and  town  in  the 

Spanifi> 


K  IT 


HOL 


SpaniiK  jpart  of  St.  DomingOi  thd 
Canton  of  Ilinche  is  bounded  W.  by  the 
French  parifties  of  Gonaives,  Petit  Rivi- 
ere and  Mirebalais— <and  contains  with 
fome  appendages  about  12,000  fouls. 
Tiie  town  contains  about  500  houfes, 
and,  togedier  with  its  dependencies, 
4,500  fouls,  500  of  whom  are  capable  of 
bearing  arms.  It  is  fituated  on  the  £. 
lide  ot  the  mouth  of  the  river  Guaya- 
nnico,  64  miles  N.  W.  of  St.  Domingo, 
N.  lat.  19°  3'. 

HiNESBURGH,  a  townfiiip  in  Chit- 
tenden county,  in  Vermont,  lies  E.  of 
and  joins  Charlotte  on  Lal;e  Ciumplain. 
tt  contains  454  inhabitants. 

HiNGtiAM,  a  poft-town  in  Suffolk 
county,  Mairachufetts,tituatedon  a  fmall 
bay  which  fets  up  foudi  from  Bofton 
Bay.  It  contains  a  number  of  houfes 
conipadtly  built,  two  Congregational 
churches,  and  a  well  endowed  fcliool, 
called,  in  honour  of  its  principal  donor 
and  founder,  Derby  School.  It  is  19 
miles  S.  E.  of  Bofton,  and  22  in  a  like 
diredlion  from  Plymouth.  The  town- 
Ihip  is  about  4  miles  fquare,  confifts  of 
two  parilhes,  was  incorporated  in  1635, 
and  contains  2,085  inhabitants.  Here 
arc  6  grift-mills,  3  fa\y-mills,  and  a  full- 
ing-mill ;  four  of  which  are  tide  mills. 
Two  hiUs  in  this  town,  one  of  which 
is  called  Baker's  Hill,  prefent  extenfive 
and  delightful  profpeds  of  Bofton  Bay, 
its  iflands,  and  the  adjacent  country. 

Hinsdale,  the  S. eufternmoft  town- 
fiiip in  Verniont,  and  in  Windham  coun- 
ty.   It  contains  482  inhabitants. 

Hinsdale,  a  townlhip  in  Chefhlre 
county,  New-Hampdiire,  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Connecticut  river,  where  the 
fouth  line  of  the  State  ftrikes  the  river 
in  42"  43'  59"  N.lat.  and  is  oppolite  to 
Hinfdalc  in  Vermont.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1753,  and  contains  522  inhabit- 
ant;:. It  IS  about  38  miles  above  North- 
ampton. 

Hiram,  a  fmall  fettlement  in  York 
county,  Maine.    See  Nrw  Andover, 

HisPANioLA,  or  St.  Doi/ihigo,  See 
St.  DomhigOm 

liircHzv\Ghf  or  HocMaga,  an  In- 
dian village  in  Lower  Canacia,  fituatcd 
in  the  ifland  of  Monueal,  and  at  the  foot 
of  the  mountain  fo  called.  It  is  fortified 
after  the  Indian  manner,  and  the  inhab- 
itants fpeak  the  Huron  language. 

HiTTON,  a  fmall  village  in  Anne 
Arundel  county,  Maryland,  13  miles 
W.byS.  of  Baltimore. 


ttiWASSEE  is  the  only  river  of  any 
confcquencc  which  empties  into  the 
Tennclfee  from  the  fouth.  It  is  a  bold 
river,  pafTmg  through  the  Cherokee 
towns,  and  empties  into  the  Tenneflcc 
about  40  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Clinch,  and  46  above  the  Whirl  or  Suck, 
by  land,  but  60  by  water.  It  is  naviga- 
ble till  it  penetrates  the  mountains  op. 
its  S.  fide.  Ore  was  found  in  thefi: 
mountains,  when  in  pofTcffion  of  the 
Britifli,  from  which  gold  was  extradcd. 
The  Indians  know  the  fput;  but  are 
very  anxious  to  keep  it  a  Iccret.  A 
branch  of  the  Hiwafl'ee,  called  Amoia, 
alnioit  interlocks  a  branch  of  the  Mo< 
bile.  The  portage  between  them  is 
fliort,  and  the  road  firm  and  level. 

HoBBSHOLK.    See  Tuppahaunock. 

HoBOKLN,  a  tra<ft  of  land  in  Bergen 
county,  New-Jerfey,  fituated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Hudfon,  in  the  mountainous 
country  betwccs  the  town  of  Bergco 
and  Fort  Lee,  about  7  miles  above  New- 
York  city. 

HocKHOCKiNo,ariver  intheN.W. 
Territory, about  2 8  miles  below  the  Muf- 
kingum,  ^vhich  it  leferablcs,  but  is  in- 
ferior to  it  in  fizc.  It  rifcs  near  a  branch 
of  the  Sciota,  and  taking  a  S.  W.  courfe 
enters  the  Ohio  at  BeTlpre,  in  N.  lat. 
38*  5  7^  It  is  navigable  for  large  flat- 
bottomed  boats,  between  70  and  80 
miles  ;  has  fine  meadows  with  high 
banks,  which  are  feldoni  overflowed, 
and  rich  uplands  on  its  borders.  On 
the  banks  of  tliis  fine  river  are  incx- 
hauftible  quarries  of  free-ftone,  large 
beds  of  iron  ore,  rich  mines  of  lead,  and 
co;U  pits.  There  are  alio  produdivc 
fait  fprings,beds  of  white  and  blue  clay 
of  an  excellent  quality.  Red  bole,  and 
many  other  ufeful  toflils  have  been 
found  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 

HocKQUAR,  or  HockqtMrt,  an  ifland 
of  Upper-Canada,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Lake  Superior. 

Hog,  an  ifl.ind  on  the  £.  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain,  in  Franklin  county,  Ver- 
mont, 9  miles  long,  and  generally  about 
3  broad. 

Hog,  an  ifland  in  Narraganfet  bay, 
in  the  State  of  Rhode-Ifland,  about  % 
miles  in  circumference,  %  miles  front 
Briftol. 

HocoHBCE,  Callamanco,  and 
Cherokeb;  names  formerly  applied 
to  TenfieJJee  river. 

Hold  EN,  a  townlhip  b  Worcefter 
county,   MafTuchufetts,  was  formerly 

ihc 


11' 


5      ': 


i;: 


■M\-y  ri: 


.  I 


Hoi, 


tioL 


>il: 


ii  ( 


the  north-weftcrn  part  of  Worcefter, 
fiom  which  it  is  diftant  j  miles,  and  5 1 
mile?  W.  of  Bofton.  !t  contains  1080 
inhabitantSi  It  was  incorporated  in 
i  740.  In  the  earthquake  in  1 755,  there 
were  feveral  acres  of  land,  in  an  obfcure 
place  in  the. N.  E.  corner  of  the  town- 
ship, quite  furrounded  by  a  vifible  frac- 
ture in  the  earth,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  of  various  width  and  depth.  The 
fmall  river  there  had  its  bed  raifed  fo 
as  to  occafion  a  confiderablc  fall  of  wa- 
ter, where  there  was  litde  or  none  be- 
fore. The  flump  of  a  tree,  that  Hood 
direftlv  ovei"  the  chafin,  on  the  E.  was 
divided  into  two  equal  parts,  one  ftand- 
inof  on  the  outfide  of  the  chafm,  the 
other  upon  the  infide ;  but  not  oppofite 
to  each  other  :  the  half  within  the 
chafm,  being  carried  five  hex.  forward, 
towards  the  river. 

HoLDERNKSs,  a  town fliip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hampfiiire,  fituatcd  on 
the  eaftcrn  fide  of  Pemigewaflct  river, 
Vras  incorporated  in  17 61,  and  contains 
339  inhabitants.  A  corner  of  Squam 
Lake  is  in  this  townfliip ;  and  Rattle- 
fnake  Mountain  lies  pardy  in  this  and 
Sandwich  the  adjoining  townfliip  on  the 
N.E.  It  is  64  miles  N.  N.  W.  of 
Portfmouth. 

HoLD-wiTH-HoPE,  the  firft  land 
difcovered  by  Hudfon  on  the  eaftcrn 
coaft  of  Greenland,  in  X607.  N.  lat.  73°. 

Hole-in-the-Wam-,  a  village  in 
Talbot  county,  Maryland,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Chefapeak  bay ;  7  miles  eafterly 
of  Oxford,  and  a  like  diftance  S.  of 
Eafton. 

Holland, a  townfliip  in  Hampshire 
county,  Maflachufetts,  which,  until  in- 
corporated in  1781;,  was  the  E.  patifli 
of  South-Brimfield,  and  is  bounded  S. 
by  Tolland  county,  in  Connedicut,  E. 
by  Worcefter  county,  and  northward 
hy  Brimfield.  It  contains  428  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  75  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of 
Bofton. 

Holland  Company  Lands,  are  fitu- 
ated  in  Pennfylvania,  on  the  navigable 
waters  of  Alleghany  river  and  French 
Creek. 

Hoi  land's  IJlands  are  near  to,  and 
fouth  of  Hooper's  Ifland  and  Straits  in 
Chefapeak  Bity. 

Holland's  Point,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Chefapeak  Bay,  together  with  Park- 
er's Ifland,  form  the  mouth  of  Herring 
Bay. 

HOLLis,  ihs  Nijitiirct  of  the  Indians, 


a  townfliip  in  Hillfljorough  county* 
New-Hampfliire,  fituated  on  the  Mafla- 
chufetts Hne,  incorporated  in  1746,  and 
contains  1441  inhabitants.  It  is  about 
70  miles  S.  W.  of  Portfmouth,  and  4c 
N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Holliuays  IJland  lies  m  miles  up 
Chowan  river  in  North-Carolina :  Thus 
far  the  river  is  three  miles  wide. 

HoLnsTON^  the  moft  foutherh  town- 
fliip in  Middlefex  county,  Mafliichufetts^ 
has  Hopkinton  on  the  north,  Wrcntham 
on  the  eaft,  and  is  ^4  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Boftoni  The  firft  fettlements  were 
made  here  in  1710,  and  in  1714  thtf 
town  was  incorporated  by  its  prefent 
name  in  honour  of  Thomas  Hollis  of 
London,  one  of  the  patrons  of  Cam- 
bridge Univerlity  j  and  it  now  contains 
875  inhabitants^ 

HoLSTONjthe  laf  gcft  branch  of  Ten*, 
neflee  fiver,  rifes  in  Virginia,  and  joins 
that  river  zi  miles  below  Knoxville.  It 
is  a  large,  bold  river,  upwards  of  300 
yards  wide  at  that  town,  is  about  200 
miles  in  length,  and  receives  in  its  courfe 
feveral  Confiderable  rivers,  viz.  from  its 
head  downwards,  Watauga,  French 
Broad,  (which  includes  Limeftone 
Creek,  Nolachucky,  Swanano,  Big  Lau- 
rel, and  Big  and  Little  Pigeon)  and  Lit* 
tie  rivers.  The  ftreams  on  the  north- 
ern fide  are  creeks  of  no  great  fize  or 
length  of  courfe.  Holfton  is  navijgable 
for  boats  of  a.?  tons  upwards  of  loo 
miles,  as  high  as  the  mouth  of  the  Ncrth 
Fork ;  at  which  place  Mr.  David  Rofs 
has  ere<5led  iron-works  upon  a  large 
fcale.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river,  on 
the  north  fide,  ftands  Fort  Grainger. 
The  river  is  ijo  yards  wide,  16  miles 
above  the  North  Fork  at  Rofs'^i  iron- 
works, and  nearly  5  abo'"*  T.nn^.ifland, 
and  in  N.  lat.  36"  27',  W.  long,  gf  8'. 
See  TenneJJee  and  Long-JJland. 

HoLSTON,  a  fettlement  on  the  river 
above  mentioned,  in  the  State  of  Tcn- 
neflee,  containing  48,649  inhabitants, 
though  in  the  year  1775  it  had  hardly 
a, 300 ;  yet  its  importance  during  the 
revolution  may  be  conceived,  when  it  is 
known  that  a  great  part  of  thofe  volun- 
teer troops  who  attacked  and  defeated 
the  Btitifh  and  tories  on  King's  Moun- 
tain, who  were  commanded  by  Colonel 
Fergufon,  came  from  this  country. 

The  land  is  generally  fertile,  but  the 
face  of  the  country  is  much  broken. 
Placed  between  two  large  mountains,  it 
fddom  fuifers  for  want  of  rain.    It  a- 

bounds 


bounds  vrith  iron  ore.  A  capital  fur- 
nace and  forge  have  lately  been  eredled 
$n  Holfton  near  the  Virginia  line,  a 
bloomery  below  the  mouth  of  Wauw- 
ga,  and  another  aj;  miles  above  ihe 
mouth  of  the  French  Broad.  There 
we  fundry  lead  mines  in  the  fettlement, 
one  in  particular  on  the  Trench  Broad, 
that  produces  75  per  cent,  pure  lead. 
Long-Ifland  on  Holfton  river  is  340 
miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Richmond  m  Vir- 
ginia. 

Holy  Rood,  a  bay  ana  pond  in  New- 
foundland Ifland.  The  bay  is  at  the 
head  of  Conception  Bay. 

Homer,  anailitary  townfliipin  Onon- 
daga county,  New- York,  on  the  head 
waters  of  the  N.W.  branch  of  Chenengo 
river  ;  56  of  its  inhaWtants  are  eleftors. 

Hon  A  Chitto,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
Georgia,  in  N.  lat.  3%°,  between  Pearl 
and  Loafa  Chitto  rivers,  runs  foutherly 
125  miles,  and  at  the  town  of  Manca  in 
Weft-Florida,  a  few  miles  from  its 
mouth,  rtins  W.  to  Miffifippi  river.  N. 
lat.  3o«  3j'. 

HoNDOj,  Rio,  a  river  of  Yucatan, 
which  empties  into  the  bay  of  Hondu- 
ras. This  river,  by  the  peace  of  1783, 
Was  the  northern  boundary  of  the  tradt 
fouthward  of  Ballefle  river,  granted  by 
the  Spaniards  to  the  Britifli,  to  cut  and 
carry  away  logwood. 

HoNOB,abay  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba,  weftward  of  d\e  Ha- 
vannah. 

Hon  DOR  AS.  a  province  of  New 
Spain,  having  tne  bay  of  its  name  and 
the  North  Sea  on  the  north ;  Yucatan 
on  the  north-weft ;  and  the  Mofquito 
Shore  on  the  north-eaft ;  Nicaragua  and 
Guatimala  on  the  fouth,  and  Vera  Paz 
on  the  weft.  It  is  about  loo  leagues 
long  and  80  broad.  It  abounds  widi 
honey,  cotton,  fine  wool,  dye  woods 
in  particular,  and  has  fonie  gold  and  fil- 
Ver  mines.  The  rivers  overflow  like 
the  Nile,  and  enrich  the  land.  The  air 
is  good,  except  near  the  lagoons  and 
low  grounds.  The  fqil  in  many  parts 
bears  Indian  corn  thrice  a  year ;  and 
the  vineyards  bear  twice  a  year ;  for 
immediately  after  the  vint.ige  they  cut 
them  again  ;  and  the  fecond  crapes  are 
ripe  before  Chriftmas.  Valladolid  is 
the  chief  town,  where  the  governor  and 
biiliop  refide.  Truxillo  is  alfo  a  fine 
town,  and  very  ftrOng  by  nature  ;  and 
Omoah  is  ftrongly  fortified.  The  Span- 
iards claim  tills  country  •  but  the  EngUfti 


We  been  long  in  poiTcflion  of  Uie  log* 
woodtradl  inthe  Bay  of  Honduras,  eat- 
ing large  quantities  of  it  every  year.  And 
the  Mofquito  Indians  to  the  eaft  of  this 
province  have  entered  into  treaties  with 
the  Englifli,  received  tliem  into  their 
country,  and  done  them  fevcral  fervices. 
Befldes,  the  Spaniards  have  no  forts  in 
this  bay,  or  in  the  country  of  the  Mof- 
quitos,  only  two  fmall  towns. 

Honduras,  Sea  of,  is  that  part  of 
the  North  Sea  bounded  N.  by  the  Ifl- 
and of  Cuba,  S.  by  the  Mofquito  Shore, 
S.  W.  by  the  bay  of  Honduras,  W.  by 
the  penmfula  of  Yucatan,  N.  W.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  £.  N.  £.  by  Jamai- 
ca, and  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Honduras,  Bay  of,  noted  for  cut- 
ting of  logwood,  as  that  of  Campeachy 
formerly  was.  It  lies  in  the  province 
of  tiie  fame  name,  and  opens  betwixt 
Cape  Honduras  in  N.  lat.  13°  3c'  and 
Cape  Catoche,  the  eafternmoft  point  of 
Yucatan  in  N.  lat.  ai"  30'.  The  dif- 
tance  between  thefe  capes  is  370  miles. 
The  great  lake  of  Nicaragua  has  an 
outlet  into  it  by  the  river  Anuzeios,  or 
Angelos,  only  narigable  by  fmall  craft. 
In  this  bay  are  feveral  fmall  iflands,  par- 
riculariy  tlie  Pearl  Iflands,  a  little  to  the 
north,  but  the  pearls  fiftied  up  are  not  in 
fuch  quantities  as  formerly,  nor  fo  large. 
Sugar  river  alfo,  a  fmall  nver  from  Ve- 
raguap,  falls  into  it.  It  has  its  name  from 
the  quantity  of  fugar  works,  witli  which 
the  country  abounds.  The  part  of 
the  country  where  the  Englifli  cut  their 
log^vood  is  all  a  flat,  and  a  great  part  of 
it  a  morafs,  with  feveral  lagoons,  wliich 
are  very  often  overflown.  The  cutters 
amount  to  15  or  1600  men  ;  but  form 
no  regular  colony ;  yet  they  choofe  a 
chief,  who  cannot  have  lefs  authority, 
luxury,  or  emolument,  or  whofe  fub- 
jedts  are  more  difobedient.  The  quan- 
tity of  wood  annually  furniflied  by  tl.e 
bay  has  been  valued  at  20,000  tons. 
The  Englifli  export  only  about  6,roo  ; 
but  the  principal  branch  of  the  trade 
was  lately  carried  on  by  the  Dutch, 
whofe  annual  clear  profit  ufed  to  amount 
to  above  90,000/.  frerling.  The  bay  is 
fprinkled  with  an  infinity  <)f  flioals,  rocks 
and  clufters  of  drowned  iflands,  which 
abound  with  great  niimbers  of  green 
turtle.  There  are  feveral  channels  be- 
tween them,  amcng  which  a  fliip  flioiild 
not  venture  without  an  experienced  pi- 
lot. The  manati  is  frequently  met  with 
here,  and  that  called  the  Jcw-'fifli,  which 

is 


Vi**>^ 


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I'jt:; 


HOP 


h  0  R 


i' 


li  ! 


Ij} 


i^ 


'!l 


is  foYncthtng  like  the  cod,  but  thicker 
in  proportion,  and  much  better  eating. 
They  have  very  broad  fcales,  and  fome 
©f  them  weigh  8olbs. 

HoNEYYOE,  a  lake  in  the  GeneiTee 
country  in  New-Yoi  k  State,  •weftw-ard 
of  Canandargua  Lake,  5  miles  long  and 
3  broad. 

HoNomrNri'S,ariver  in  the  N.W .Ter- 
ritory which  runs  S.S.  eafterhr  into  Puan 
Bay.  Between  the  head  ot  this  river 
and  Lake  Superior  is  a  fliort  portage. 

Hood's  Island,  one  of  the  Marque- 
fas  Iflands  in  the  South  Sea,  fo  called 
by  its  difcoverer  Captain  Cook.  It  lies 
in  9»  a6'"S.  lat.  5  or  6  leagues  N.  by  W. 
of  the  eaft  point  of  Dbminica. 

Hook  Island.^     See  Bo7iibay  Hcak. 

HooKSET  Falls,  or  Hookfet I/Ie Fulh 
in  Merrimnck  river,  juft  below  the 
mouth  cfSuncook,  7  miles  above  Amuf- 
keag  Falls,  and  8  miles  below  Concord', 
in  New-Hampfhire. 

HoOKSTOWN,  a  village  on  the  weft 
fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay  in  Maryland,  in 
Baltimore  county,  6  miles  N.  VV^  of  the 
town  of  Baltimore. 

HooKToWN,  a  village  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot  county, 
Maryland,  lies  north  of  Eafton,  and 
S.  W.  of  WillJamfburg,  nearly  3  miles 
from  each. 

Hooper's  Island  and  Straits  lie 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  and 
on  the  S.  W.  coaft  of  Dorchefter  coun- 
ty, Maryland.  The  ifland  is  7  mHes 
long,  and"  ik  broad. 

HoosACK,  a  river  of  New- York 
which  falls  into  the  Iludfon  from  the 
eaft,  about  3  miles  above  the  city  of 
Lanfinburgh.  It.  rifcs  in  Berkmire 
county,  Maifachufetts,  runs  north-wcft- 
erJy  through  Powixul  in  Vermont,  thence 
into  New-York  State.  Its  length  is  about 
40  miles.  The  curious  mill-ftream  call- 
ed Hudfon'is  Brook,  which  falls  into  a 
north  branch  of  Hoofack,  is  del'cribed  in 
the  account  of  Adatns,  in  MafTachufetts. 

Hope,  a  vUlage  in  Suflfex  countyi 
l^ew-Jerfev,on  the  poft-roadfromXew- 
town  to  Eafton  in  Pennfylvania,  16  miles 
J>.  W.  of  the  former,  and'  ao  N.  E.  of 
the  latter.  It  is  inhabited  by  about  too 
of  the  Moravian  United  Brethren. 

Hope,  a  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coa|t  of 
N.  America,  fo  named  by  Capt.  Cgok. 
The  entrance  of  Nootka,'or  St.  Geo^e's 
Sound,  is  fituatea  in  the  eaft  corner  of 
Hope  Bay,  in  N.  lat..49°  33_'>  £.  long.  : 
aj3*  iif^     ■  ■  •■■■••*-  •-  "-■"-•'•-  •'--      I 


Hope,  a  Moravian  fcttlemcnt  in  Wa* 
chovia,  in  N.  Carolina,  in  Surry  countyi 
where  is  a  meeting-houfe  of  the  United 
Brethren. 

HbPE,  a  frtall  ifland  in  Narraganfet 
Bay,  State  of  Rhode-Ifland. 

Hopkins,  or  Hopkhtfvillc,  a  townlhip 
in  Caledonia  couhty,  in  Vermont,  was 
granted  to  Dr.  flopkins ;  11  miles  north- 
weft  of  the  upper  bar  of  the  Fifteen 
Mile  Falls  in  Connefticut  river. 

HopKiNTON,  a  townfliip  in  Hillftio- 
rough  county,  New-Hampfhire,  on  Con- 
toocook  river,  9  miles  S.  W.  from  its 
confluence  with  the  Merrimack,  and  di- 
vided from  Concord  on  the  eaft,  by  the 
Rockingham  county  line.  It  was  firft 
granted  by  Maflachufetts,  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1765,  and  contains  1,715  inhab* 
itants,  who  are  chiefly  farmers.  It  is  4a 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charlcftown  on  Con^ 
nefticut  river,  and  abou*  58  W.  by  N. 
of  Portfmouth." 

HoPKiNTOW,  a  t&wi.Txipin  Middle- 
fex  county,  Maffachufett.-.  It  was  in- 
corporatea  in  1715,  and  ci,)ntains  1317 
inhabitants.  The  rivers  Concord,  Prov- 
idence and  Charles  receive  each  of  thenl 
a  branch  from  this  town :  Thefe  ftream3- 
furnifh  feats  for  7  or  8  griftmilis,  a  nurai 
ber  of  faw-mills,  iron-works,  &c. 

Hop-KiNTON,  a  townfhip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  county,  Rhode-Ifland'j  (ituated  on 
the  weft  line  of  the  State,  on  feveral 
branches  of  Pawcatuck  river.  It  con^ 
tains  2462  inhabitants,  including  7  Oaves'. 

Hopewell,  a  townfliip  in  Cumber- 
land county,  in  the  province  of  New- 
Brunfv/ick,  (Ituated' on  Chepodie  river, 
which  runs  eafterly  into- a  northern  arm 
of  the  Bayof  Funay,  and  is  navigable  4 
or  5  miles.. 

Hopewell,  the  name  of  3  townfhips 
in  Pennfylvania,  viz.  in  York,  Hunting- 
don, and  Wafliington  counties. 

Hopewell,  a  townfliip  in  Hunter- 
don county,  New-Jerfey,  fituated  on 
Delaware  river,  14  miles  W.  of  Prince- 
town,  I r  above  Trenton  and  30  fouth- 
wcfterly  of  New-Brunfwick.  It  con- 
tains a3zo  inhabitants,  including  233 
flaves.  Another  townfliip  of  this  name 
lies  in  Cumberland  county,  in  New-Jer- 
fey. 

Horn,  Capf,  the  fouthern  extremity 
of  Terra  del  Fu(g'>,  and  of  South-A- 
merica, was  firft  failed  round  in  1616, 
and  the  ftraits  were  difcovered  in  i643» 
S.  lat.  ss°  58'.  W.  long.  67*  ai'. 

Horn,  aq  ifland  on  ths  eoaft  of  Wefl? 

Florida, 


HOW 


HUD 


Florida,  between  Ship  and  Maflacrc 
iflands.  Horn  ifland  is  nearly  17  miles 
long  and  about  halfa  mile  wide.  There 
are  more  trees  on  the  middle  of  the  ifl- 
and  tiian  in  any  other  part  of'  it ;  and 
lor  about  3  miles  from  the  eall  end  thece 
gre  no  trees  at  all  j  but  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  fandy  hillQcks. 

Horn -TOWN,  a  village  in  Maryland* 
31  miles  from  Snowhill,  a6fromI)rum- 
mohd,  or  Accomack  court-houfe,  in 
Virginia,  and  16S  from  Philadelphia. 

HoRSENBCK-FiBLD-PoiNT,  a  round 
bluff  on  the  coaft  of  Greenwich  town- 
ihip  in  Connecticut,  t  miles  £.  of  the 
^few-York  Jine  at  Byram  river. 

Ho  K  SB  NECK,  a  point  of  land,  on  the 
north  fide  of  Long-lfland,  between 
Hog's  Neck  and  Eafton's  Neck. 

HoR^NECK,  a  town  in  Fairfield 
county,  Conr-cfticut,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Pai  homjingt  was  fettled  in  1680- 
It  lies  6  miles  N.  32.  of  Rye,  in  Well- 
Chefter  county,  New-York  State.  A 
bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between 
jthc  Dutch  and  the  Indians,  in  1 646.  The 
JJutch  with  great  difficulty  obtained  the 
victory.  Great  numbers  were  (lain  011 
botJi  lidcs  ;  and  their  graves  appear  to 
this  day.  It  is  53  milts  S.  W  ol  New- 
Jiaven,  and  37  N.E.  of  New- York  city. 

HoRSENECK,  a  village  in  Eflex  coun- 
ty, Ncw-Jerl'ey,  on  the  Ibuthern  bank  of 
I'allluc  river  above  the  Little  Falls,  four 
miles  S,  W.  by  S.  of  tlie  town  of  Pattcr- 
fon. 

Horsham,  a  townfhip  in  Montgom- 
ery CQunty,  Pcnnfylvania. 

HoRTON,  ^  townlhip  in  King's  coun- 
ty, Nbva-Scotia.  $Almon  river  runs 
through  Uorton,  and  fup'plicp  thp  inhab- 
itants with  excellent  jafmon. 

HosACK,  or  Hoofidcky  a  townfhip  in 
Rcnfl'alcar  county,  New-York,  lituated 
6n  the  eaftern  boundary  ol  the  State, 
contains  3035  inhabitants,  419  of  whom 
areele^ors, 

HoTTE,  a  mountain  in  the  weftern 
part  of  the  fouthern  pqniafuic!.  cf  the  ifl- 
aud  of  St.  Domingo. 

Hot  Spring.   Sec  ftrgi/ii^. 

Ho u CUE,  La,  a  little  fort  fjtuatcd  a 
leagues  beyond  the  Ilavannah,  in  the 
iflana  of  Cuba,  From  hence  vcfl'els  be- 
gin to  difcovcr  La  Pain  de,  Matance,  a 
pjountain  whofe  top  rcfenjbles  an  oven 
pr  a  loaf.  It  ferves  failors  to  kno\v  the 
bay  of  Matance  by,  which  is  about  14 
leagues  from  the  Havannah. 

j(|y)yfc,  Forff  on  St.  Jolin'3,  rivqr^in 


New-Brunfwick,  is  capable  of  contaiik. 
ing  100  men. 

Howe's  IJIand,  in  the  South  Sea,  was 
difcovered  by  Captain  Wallis,  July  30, 
1767.  Smoke  was  fccn  to  arife  from 
it,  but  no  inhabitants  could  be  difccrn' 
ed-    S.  lat.  i6''46',  W.  long.  154°  8'. 

HojJAHEiNE,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
ands, in  thc^outh  Sea.  S.  lat.  16*^  44V 
W.  long.  151°  1'. 

How  land's  Ferry,  is  the  narrow" 
part  of  the  waters  that  feparate  Rhode- 
liland  from  the  main  land.  It  is  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide.  The  bridge 
built  acrois  this  ftrait  coft  .30,000  dol- 
lais,  and  was  carried  away  by  a  florin 
in  January.  1796.    It  is  rebuilt. 

HousATONicK,  ariver  of  Connefti- 
cut«  in  the  Indian  language  f^nifying 
over  the  mountain.,  rifcs  oy  two  lources  $ 
the  one  in  Lanefborough,  the  other  in 
Windfor,  both  in  Berklhire  county, 
Maflkchufctts.  Thcfe  branches  form  a 
jundion  near  Salifbury,  and  the  river  af- 
ter pafling  throngli  a  number  of  towns, 
empties  itfelf  into  Long-Ifland  Sound, 
between  StJ-atford  and  Milford  in  Con- 
neJticut-  It  is  navigableabout  i  a  miles, 
to  Derby.  A  bar  of  (hells,  however, 
at  its.  mouth,  obftruds  the  navigation  of 
krge  velTels.  In  ihis  river,  bctwcea 
SaJilbury  and  Canaan,  is  a  cataraft, 
where  tne  water  of  the  whole  river, 
which  is  150  yards  wide,  falls  perpen- 
dicularly 60  feet. 

Hou&E  OF  THE  Devil.  See  Lake 
Ontario. 

HouAKiLA,  a  name  by  fome  applied 
to  tlie  N.  E.  branch  of  Illinois  river. 
See  Tkcakikj. 

HuBBARDSTOK,  a  townfliip  in  Wor- 
cefter  county',  MalTachufetts,  and  form- 
ed the  N.E.  quarter  of  Rutland,  until 
incorporated  in  1767.  It  borders  on 
the  weilcrn  part  of  Wachufet  Hill,  and 
contains  9-53  inhabitants.  It  is  ao  miles 
N.  W.  of  Worceller,  and  60  W.  of 
Bofton. 

HuBBARDTON,  a  fmall  river  rifing 
in  tlic.N.  part  of  this  townfliip,  no- 
ticeable only  for  its  5  tiiUs  which  iurnifli 
excellent  niill-feats. 
'  IluBUKRTON,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland 
cowiity,  Vernumt.  It  contains  404  in- 
habitants, and  lies  50  mile?  N.  of  Ben- 
nington. 

Hudson's  Bay  took  its  name  from 
Henry  Iludfon,  who  difcovered  it  ir« 
1610.  It  lies  between  55  and  6.?  degrees 
of  noith  Utitude.    The  eaAcrn  bound»> 

ry 


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t?  I J 


fti' 


II 


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Yf  of  the  bay  is  Terra  dc  Labratior ;  tbe 
northern  part  has  a  ftraight  coa'lt  fa- 
cing the  bay,  guarded  with  a  line  of 
ifles  innumerable.  A  vaft  bay,  callt-d 
the  Archiwinnipy  Sea,  lies  within  it, 
and  opens  into  Hudfon's  Bay,  by  means 
of  Gulf  Hazard,  through  which  the 
Beluga  wh;ilc3  pafs  in  great  numbers. 
The  entrance  of  the  bay,  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  after  leaving,  to  the  north, 
Cape  Farewell  and  Davis's  Straits,  is 
between  Refolution  Ifles  on  the  north, 
and  Button's Iftes,  on  the  Labrador  coaft, 
to  the  foUth,  forming  the  eaftern  ex- 
tremity of  Hudfon's  Straits.  Th;  coafts 
are  very  high,  rocky  and  rugged  at  top ; 
in  fonie  places  precipitous,  but  fonie- 
times  exhibit  extenlive  beaches.  The 
iflaiids  of  Salifbury,  Nottingham,  and 
Digges  are  very  lofty  and  naked.  The 
deptn  of  water  in  the  middle  ol'  the  bay 
is  140  fathoms.  From  Cape  Churchill 
to  the  fouth  end  of  the  bay,  are  regular 
foundings ;  near  the  fliore,  (hallow,  \vjth 
muddy  or  fandy  bottom.  To  tlie  north- 
ward of  Churchill,  the  foundings  are 
irregular,  the  bottom  rocky,  and  in  fome 
parts  the  roc'  .  appear  above  the  furface 
at  low  water.  Hudfon's  Bay  is  reckon- 
ed about  300  leagues  wide,  from  north 
to  fouth.  Its  breadth  is  uncqunl,  being 
about  130  leagufs  where  broadcft  ;  but 
it  grows  narrower  at  both  extremities, 
being  not  much  above  35  leagues  in 
fonie  places.  In  the  account  of  New- 
Britain,  We  have  given  a  getieral  account 
of  the  Hudlijn's  Bay  Companies  fettle- 
mcnts  on  both  fides  of  James's  Bay. 
The  commerce  in  the  countries  adja- 
cent to  this  inland  fea  is  in  tlie  hands  of 
an  CJtclttfiveBritirti  Company  of  its  name, 
\vho  employ  only  4  fhips,  and  130  fea- 
men.  The  forts,  Pnncc  of  Wales, 
Churchill  river,  Nelfon,  New  Severn, 
and  Albany,  are  garrifoncd  by  186  men. 
The  French,  in  1 781,  took  and  deftroy- 
ed  tliefe  fettlemenis,  &•:.  laid  to  amount 
to  the  value  of  ;C5oo,ooo  {lerling.  The 
Company's  exports  are  to  the  amount 
ofX|i6,ooo,moftly  the  drugs  of  the  mar- 
ket,  which  produce  returns,  chiefly  in 
beaver  flcins  and  rich  furs,  to  the  value 
of  ;C  19,000  ;  yielding  government  a 
clear  revenue  of/C3,734.  This  includes 
the  tifhery  ih  Hudfon's  Bay.  The  lldns 
and  firs  procured  by  this  trade,  when 
manufadured,  afford  articles  for  trading 
with  many  nations  of  £uroi)e.  to  great 
advantage. 
Hudson's  Strait,  or  Froh'tjhtr's 


K  U  D 

Mifiaken  Strait,  which  leads  into  Huc8» 
fon's  Bay,  in  a  wefterly  courfe  is  76. 
miles  wide,  between  Cape  Chidlcy  and 
the  S.  point  of  Refolution  Ifland. 

Hudsom's  Hovsb,  one  of  the  Hud- 
fon's Bay  Company's  faftories  in  N. 
America,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Suf-. 
kaihawan  river,  xoo  miles  eaft  of  Man- 
chcfler  Houfe,  and  167  S.  E.  by  E.  of 


lat. 


53*0' 


3»'V 


Buckingham  Houfe.    N< 
W.  long.  io6°  a 7'  iof'. 

Hudson  River  pafTes  itJ  wht'.e 
courfe  in  the  State  of  New- York,  and  is 
one  of  the  largett  and  fincfl  rivers  ia 
the  United  States.  It  riles  in  a  mountain- 
ous country,  between  the  lakes  Ontario 
and  Champlain.  In  its  courfe  fouth- 
eaflerly  it  approaches  within  6  or  ft 
miles  of  lake  George ;  then,  after  a  Ihort 
courfe  E.  turns  foutherly,  and  receives 
the  Sacondaga  from  the  S.  W.  which 
heads  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Mohawk 
river.  The  courfe  of  the  river  thence 
to  New- York,  where  it  empties  into 
York  Bay,  is  very  uniformly  S.  la®  or 
15''  W.  Its  whole  length  is  about  %so 
miles.  From  Albany  to  lake  George  is 
6^  miles.  This  diltance,  the  river  is 
navigable  only  for  battcaujc,  and  has 
two  portages,  occafioned  by  falls,  of 
half  a  mile  each.  The  banks  of  Hud- 
fon's river,  efpecially  on  the  weftern 
fide,  as  far  as  die  highlands  extend,  arei 
chiefly  rocky  cliffs.  'I  he  pafTagc  tlirough 
the  Htghlahds,  which  is  16  or  18  miles, 
affords  a  wild  romantic  fcene.  In  this 
narrow  pafs,  on  each  fide  of  which  tlic 
oxountains  tower  to  a  great  height,  tlic 
wind,  iftheiebcany,  IS  colleded  ahd 
comprefied,  and  blows  continually  as 
through  a  bellows;  veffels,  in  pafling 
through  i£  are  often  oblijged  to  lower 
their  fails.  The  bed  of  this  river,  which, 
is  deep  and  fmooth  to  an  aftonifhing 
diftance,  through  a  hilly,  rocky  coun- 
try, and  even  through  ridges  of  fome  of 
the  highcfl  mountains  in  the  United 
States,  muft  undoubtedly  have  bWn  pro- 
duced by  fome  mighty  convnllion  ih  na- 
ture. TJie  tide  flows  a  few  miles  above 
Albany,  which  is  160  miles  from  New- 
York.  It  is  navigable  for  floops  of  80. 
tons  to  Albany,  and  for  fhips  to  Hud- 
fon.  Ship  navigation  to  Albany  is  in- 
terrupted by  a  number  of  iflanas,  and 
fhoals  6  or  8  miles  below  the  city,  call-* 
ed  the  Ovirjlaugh.  It  has  been  m  con- 
templation to  confine  the  river  td  one 
channel,  by  which  means  it  will  be  deep- 
ened} and  the  difficulty  of  approachihg 

Albany 


mta 


M  U  iS 

Albany  with  vertcls  of  a  larpcr  fizc,  be 
removed.  About  60  miles  above  New- 
York  the  water  becomes  frefh.  The 
Hver  is  ftored  with  a  variety  of  fifh, 
which  tenders  a  fummer  p«fl;ige  to  Al- 
bany, delightful  and  amufinp  to  thofc 
who  are  fond  of  angling.  The  adv  n- 
tages  of  this  river  Tor  carrying  on  the 
fur  trade  with  Canada,  by  means  of  the 
lakes,  are  very  great.  Its  conveniences 
for  internal  commerce  are  fingularlv 
happy.  The  produce  of  the  remoteft 
farms  is  eafily  and  fpcedily  conveyed  to 
a  certain  and  profitable  market,  and  at 
the  loweft  expenfe.  In  this  rei^jeft, 
JJew-York  has  gieatly  the  advantage 
of  Philadelphia.  A  great  proportion  of" 
the  produce  of  PennTyrvania,  is  carried 
to  market  in  waggons,  over  a  great  ex- 
tent of  country,  fnme  of  which  is  rough  | 
hence  it  is  that  Philadelphia  is  crowdea 
with  waggons,  carts,  horfes  and  their 
drivers,  to  do  the  fame  bulinefs  that  is 
done  in  New-Yofk,  where  all  the  prod- 
tjce  of  the  country  is  brought  to  mar- 
ket by  water,  with  much  left  fhew  and 
parade.  But  Philadelphia  has  other  id- 
tantages,  to  compcnfate  for  this  hatu- 
ral  defeft.  The  increafing  popuUtibn 
6f  the  fertile  lands  upon  tnie  northern 
branches  of  the  Hudion,  muft  annually 
incr^afe  the  amazing  wealth  that  is  con- 
veyed by  Us  waters  to  New. York.  The 
northern  And  wcftern  canals,  when  cbiti- 
pletcd,  will  hi  of  incalculable  advantage 
to  the  trade  of  this  State. 

Hudson's  River,  a  broad  but  fhort 
river  emj)tying  mto  Chefapeak  Bay,  in 
PoVchefter  count^^,  Mai-yland.  Hill's 
Point,  N.  £.  of  it,  Aupes  the  broad 
mouth  of  the  river. 

Hudson  City,  a  port  of  entry  and 

?oft-town  fituated  ifi  Columbia  county, 
Tew- York,  on  the  caft  fide  of  Hudfon's 
river,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany,  and 
13a  notth  of  New- York  city.  The 
lliuits  of  the  corporation  include  a  fquare 
xaik,  and  its  privileges  as  a  port  of  en- 
try extend  no  fartlier.  In  the  autumta 
Of^i783,  Meflrs.  Seth  and  Thomas  Jen- 
kins;  from  Providente,  in  the  Statfe  bf 
Rhode-Iflahd,  fixed  on  the  utifettled 
f^jot,  whereon  this  city  ftands,  fbv  a 
tbwn,  to  which  the  city  is  navigable  for 
vefTels  of  any  fiie.  The  city  is  laitt  out 
into  large  fc^uares,  bordering  ort  the 
river,  and  tfividfed  into  30  lots.  Othtr 
atlvi^ntuvers  we^e  admitted  to  propor- 
ttons,  and  tire  town  was  laid  out  in 
Squares,  formed  by  fpacioys  ilrcets; 


Hud 

eroding   each  other  at  right   anglcj. 
Etch  Iquare  cont-iins  30  lots,  two  deep, 
divided  by  a  »o  feet  alley.    Each  lot  is 
JO  feet  in  front  and  lao  feet  in  depth. 
In  the  fpring  of  1 784,  fcvcral  houfcs  and 
llorcs  were  ercftcd.     The  increafc  of 
the  town  from  this  period  to  the  fpring 
of  1786,  two  years  only,  was  aftonifh- 
ingly  rapid,  and  reflefts  great  honotit- 
upon  the  enterprifing  and  pcrfacring 
.pirit  of  the  original  founders.    In  the 
f  pace  of  tinie  juft  mentioned  no  lefs  than 
150    dwclling-houfbs,    hefides    fhops, 
barns,  and  otlier  buildings,  four  watc- 
houfes,    fcvcral    wharves,    fpermaceti 
works,  a  covered  rope-walk,  and  ond 
of  the  bcft  diftillcrics  in  America,  were 
ereded,  and  i,joo  fouls  coUeifled  on  a 
fpot,  which  three  years  before,  was  ini- 
proved  as  a  farm,  and  but  two  years  be- 
tore  began  to  be  bliilt.     Its  increaft 
fince  has  been  very  rapid  ;  a  printing- 
office  has  been  cftablifhed,  and  fcvcral 
public  buildings  have  been  erefted,  be- 
lides  dwellinglaoufes,  ftores,  &c.    The 
inhabitants  are  plentifully  and  conve- 
niently fupplied  with  water,  brought  to 
their  cellars  in  woodfeh  pipes,  from  a 
fpring  two  miles  frorii  the  town.     Ik 
has  a  large  bay  to  the  foiithward.  and 
ftands  on  an  emintince  from  u'hith  are 
ixtenfive  and  delightful  tiiWs  tb  the 
N.  W.    N.  and  round  that  way  to  the 
S.  E.  confifling  of  hills  ind  vatlies,  Va- 
negated   with    wbbds  and   orchaids, 
(Jbrn-lields  and  meadows,  with  Ac  riv- 
er,  which  is  in  moft  glides  a  mile  ovei*, 
and  may  be  feen  aconfidcrablc  diflance 
to  the  northward,  forihtilR  a  number  of 
bays  and  creeks,    FroiA  the  S.  E.  id  the 
S.  W.  the  city  ii  fcree«ed  with  hilh,  at 
different  dittanies,  and  weft  afar  ofF 
over  the  river  and  a  lurge  valley,  the 
proftefl  is  bouiided  by  a  chain  of  ftu- 
'pendous  mbuntaijis,  called  the  Katti 
Kill,  ruhhihg  to  the  W.  N.  W.  which 
add  magnihcence  and  fublimity  to  the 
whole  fcfene.    Upwards  of  laoo  fleighs, 
entered,  the  city  daily,  for  feveral  dkys: 
to^edier,   in    Febi'uary,  1^86,   loaaed 
With  grain  of  various  kinds,  btbrds  fhin- 
files,  itaveS,  hoops,  iron  ware,  ftone  for 
building,  fire-wobd,  and  fundry  articles 
of  proviAon  for  the  market,  from  which 
fbiTie  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  advan« 
tl^e  of  its  fituation,  whh  refiicft  to  ihi 
country  adjacent,  which  iS  every  way 
cxtenfive  and  fertile,  particularly  Weft- 
ward.      Irhe   original    proprietors   of 
Hadfbn,  oflfercd  to  pWchafe  a  traft  <3if 

land 


••i-<n 


HUN 


HU^ 


m  f 


:  '(.ni 


land  adjoining  the  fouth  part  of  the 
city  of  Albar<v,and  were  conftrained,  by 
a  refufal  of  the  propoiition,  to  become 
competitors  for  the  -commerce  of  the 
northern  country,  when  otherwil'e  they 
would  have  added  great  wealth  andcon- 
fequence  to  Albany.  There  is  a  bank 
here,  called  Bank  of  Columbia,  whofe 
capital  may  not  exceed  160,000  dollars. 
It  IS  compofed  of4ooihares,  at  400  dol- 
lars each.  Hudfon  city  is  governqd  by 
a  mayor,  recorder,  4  aldermen,  4  aflift- 
ants,.and  a  nuniher  of  other  officersi. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  in  Htidjon 
T'nniiTiJhip,  by  *he  cenfus  of  1790* 
amounted  to  ,584,  including  193  flaves; 
and  it  appears  by  the  State  cenliis  of 
J  796  that  3.38  of  the  inhabitants  a  ;e  elec- 
tors. Hudfon  city  is  4  miles  S.  W.  of 
Claverack;  47  north  of  Poughkeepfie; 
"and  43  fouth  of  Lanlinburg. 

KucHESBURG,a  town  m  Northum- 
berland county,  Pennfylvania,  called  al- 
fo  Cata'weJJy.  being  fituatcd  at  the 
mouth  of  Catawe/Fy  creek,  25  miles  N. 
E.  of  Sunbury.  It  contains  about  60 
faandforoe  houfes,  and  a  meeting-houfe 
for  Friends.  It  is  144  miles  ij,  W.  of 
Philadelphia.    N.  iat.  40°  54'. 

Hull,  an  inconfidcrable  town  in  Suf- 
Xvjlk  county,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Bofton 
harbour,  Mafiachufetts,  containing  120 
jnliahitants.  On  the  fort  on  tlfe  eail 
hill  there  is  a  well  funk  90  feet,  which 
commonly  has  80  odd  feet  of  water. 

HuMAwj  an  India:  village  on  the 
caft  fide  of  MiiTifippi  river  in  LouiHana,. 
5o  miles  above  New  Orleans.  The 
Humas  were  formerly  a  condderable  na- 
tion, but  about  1770  ■ivere  reduced  tO' 
about  ac  warriors.  ►The  Alabanias, 
whofe  villages  are  ne^  thofe  of  the  Huv 
mas,  had,  at  the  above  period,  about  30 
warriors,  and  followed  the  French  here 
when  they  abandoned  the  poft  on  Ala- 
Bama  river  in  176a.'  The  Chetimachas, 
have  about  »7  warriors. 

HuMBER,  a  rivei'  of  Newfoundland 
Ifland,  which  empaes  into  the  gulf  of 
St.  Law-ence  through  tlie  bay  of  Iflands. 
HuMMj^'s  Town,  a  thriving  town 
in  Dauphtne  county,  Pennfylvania,  con- 
tnjnjng  a  German  Lutheran  church  and 
about  00  houfes  \  fituated  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  Swetara  creek,  6  miles  north  of 
Middletown,  10  E.byN.of  Harrifburg, 
fthd  ICO  weft-north-weft  of  Philadel- 
IJhia. 

HuNGERFORD,  a  townfhip  in  Frank- 
lin county,  Vcrmoxu,  coauining  40  in* 

"'btd '^       " . 


habitants,  7  miles  fouth  of  the  Canada 
line  and  14  eaft  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Hunger  Creek,  a  ftream  which 
carries  the  various  water  machinery,  in 
the  new  and  thriving  manufacturing 
town  of  Hamilton,  between  Albany  ana 
Scheneftady,  Nev/-York, 

Hunter,  Fort,  ai  miles  weft  of 
Schenedtady^  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Mo» 
hawk  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Schohary 
Creek,  over  which  a  bridge  is  abo^ut  to 
be  built.  h.:re  is  an  old  diureh  built  ia 
the  reign  of  queen  Ann,  and  3  or  4 
houfes.  At  this  place  was  the  Old  Mo. 
hawk  town,  which  was  abandoned  by 
that  nation  as  lat^  as  the  fpring  of  1780. 
Thefe  Indians  had  made  coh(iderabl« 
advances  in  civili?ation-T-could  general-, 
ly  fpeak  the  Engliih  language,  and  num- 
bers of  tliem  made  profeihon  of  their 
faith  in  the  Chriftian  religion.  In  die 
church  which  is  now  ftanding,  tliey  ufed 
to  attend  public  worfliip  in  the  £pifco<> 
pal  form,  Thefe  Indians  are  now  fet- 
tled, a  part  of  tliem  on  Gxand  river,  a 
northern  water  of  Lakp  Erie,  and  a 
part  of  them  in  another  part  of  Upper 
Canada.  None  of  tiiis  nation  now  re- 
main in  die  United  States.  The  father 
of  the  only  rem^dning  family  was  drown- 
edin  1788.   '        ,     ■. 

Hunterdon  Couniy,  in  New-Jerfey, 
is  bounded  N.  by  that  of  Morris,  E.  by 
Somerfet,  S.  E.  by  Burlington,  S.  W. 
and  W.  by  Delaware  river,  which  fep- 
arates  it  from  the  State  nf  Pennfylvania, 
and  N.  W.  by  Suifej?  county.  It  is 
about  40  miles  long;  and  ja  Droad>,  i^ 
divided  into  10  t^^wiifhips,  ?.nd  contains 
*ot%s^  inhabitants,'  including  1,301 
Haves.  On  the  top  of  Muikonetcong 
niountain  in  this  comity,  is  a  noted  me- 
dicinal fpring,  much  rcfoited  to.  It 
iHues  from  the  fide  of  a  mountain  into 
^n  artificial  refervoir,  for  the  accompo- 
dation  of  thofe  who  yfi(k.  to  bi),tlie  in,  as 
well  as  to  drink,  the  waters.  It  is  a 
'  ftrong  clwlyUeate.  Trenton  is  the  chief 
town, 

Hunterstown,  a  village  of  Penn- 
fylvania, fituated  in  York  fiounty,  35 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  York-Town. 

Hunting-Creek,  in  Virginia,  runs 
eaft  into  PatOAvmak  river,  at  the  fouth 
corner  of  the  territory  of  Columbia, 

Huntino-Creek-Town,  a  village 
in  the  northern  part  of  J)orcKefter  coun- 
,ty,  Maryland ;  14  miles  N.  N.  W-  of 
Vienna,  16  S.  by  W.  of  JQeqton,  and  <8 
'N,  £.  of  C4mbridg9, 
'      '        • :      '4       HuKtiiicDON 


H  u  k 


Kr  c 


II      t 


"■  tttfurirnGDOV  Col/ege.  See  Georgia. 
Huntingdon,  an  extenfive  and 
fhountaino\is  county  in  Pennfylvania, 
bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  Lycoming 
county,  E.  and  N.  E.  by  Mifflin,  S.  E. 
fey  Franklin,  S.  and  S.  W.  by  Bedford 
and  Somerfet,  and  weft  by  Weftniore- 
land.  It  is  about  75  miles  long  and  39 
broad  ^  contains  1,432,9^0  acres  of 
land,  divided  into  7  townftiipj,  which 
contain  7,565  inhabitants.  Limeftone, 
iron  ore  and  lead  are  found  here.  A 
furnace  and  t;wa  forges  manufadhire 
confiderable  quantities  of  pig  and  bar 
iron,  and  hollow  ware ;  large  works 
have  alfo  been  eftablifhed  for  manufac- 
turing of  lead.  Chief -town,  Hunting- 
don. 

Huntingdon,  the  capital  of  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  N.  E. 
lide  of  Juniatta  river,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  Standing  Stone  creek,  50  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  Juniatta,  contains  about 
<>o  houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  It 
IS  about  83  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  Lewis 
Town,  and  184  W.  N.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

HuNTrNGUON,  a  poft-town  on  the 
north  fide  of  Long  Kland,  New- York, 
fituated  at  the  head  of  a  bay  in  Suffolk 
county,  which  fets  up  foeth  from  the 
found,  contains  about  70  houfes,  a  Pref- 
byterian  and  Epifcopal  church.  It  is 
38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New-York  city. 
It  is  uppolite  to  Norwalk  in  Connec- 
ticut, and  contains  3,260  inhabitants  y 
of  thefe,  552  are  eledors,  213  flaves. 

Huntingdon,  a  townlhip  in  York 
coilnty,  Pennfylvania. 

Huntington,  a  townfhip  in  Fair- 
field county,  Connedicut,  iepara^ed 
from  Derby  on  the  north-eaft  by  Strat- 
ford river. 

HuNTiNG-TowN,  a  village  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay  m  Mary- 
land, lituPted  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  Hunt- 
ing Creek,  in  Calvert  county,  3  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Prince  Frederick,  and  2a 
E.  N.  E.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

HuNTSBURC,  a  townfhip  in  Frank- 
lin county,  in  Vermont.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  Canada  line,  having  46  mhabit- 
ants. 

HuNTSviLLE,  a  poft-town  in  North- 
Carolina,  10  miles  from  Bethania,  and 
16  from  Rockford. 

Hurley,  a  townfhip  in  Ulfter  coun- 
ty, New- York,  containing  847  inhabit- 
ants; of  whom  iii>  are  cleftors,  and 
MS  flav«$.     The  compa^  part  con* 


tains  about  30  houfes,  fituated  on  Eib^ 
pus  Kill,  about  5  miles  from  the  weflS 
bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  loo  north 
of  New- York.  The  lands  around  it 
are  low  and  fertile,  but  infefVed  with 
wild  onions. 

Huron,  one  of  the  five  principal 
northern  lakes.  It  lies  between  43"  30'i. 
and  47"  30'  N.  lat.  and  between  80**  45', 
and  84°  45'  W.  long,  and  is  reckoned 
to  be  upwards  of  1000  miles  in^  circum- 
ference. Tlie  fifh  are  of  the  fame  kind 
as  in  Lake  Superior,  and  it  communi- 
cates with  that  lake  through  the  ftraits 
of  St.  Marie  on  the  N.  W.  with  Michi- 

fan  on  the  W.  and  with  Erie  on  the  S. 
t  is  of  a  triangular  fhape,and  on  the  S^ 
W.  part  is  Saguinwn  or  Sagana  bay,  So- 
miles  in  length,  and  about  18  or  20  in 
breadth ;  the  other  moft  remarkable  bay 
is  Tbmider  Bay  ;  which  fee — alfp  fee 
Matiataulin  IJlaudy  wA  MichilUmakkift' 
ack.  On  the  banks  of  the  lake  are 
found  amazing  quantities  of  fand  cher- 
ries. The  land  bordering  on  the  weft- 
ern  Ihore  of  the  lake  is  greatly  inferior 
ir.  quality  to  that  on  Lake  Erie.  It  is 
niixed  with  fand'  and  fmall  fiones,  and 
is  principally  covered  with  pines,  birch, 
and  fome  oaks  ;  but  a  little  diftance 
from  the  lake  the  foil  is  very  luxuriant. 
Twenty  years  ago,  part  of  the  Indiaa 
nations,  called  Chepaways  and  Oltawas, 
who  inhabited  round  Saguinum  bay  and 
on  the  bajiks  of  the  lake  could  furnidi 
200  warriors  ;  and  thofe  of  the  latter 
nation,  who  lived  on  the  E.  fide  of  Lake 
Michigan,  21  miles  from  Michillimak- 
kinack  could  furnUh  200  warriors. 

Huron,  a  fmall  river  of  the  H.  W. 
territory,  which,  a&er  a  courfe  of  38 
miles,  falls  into  Lake  St.  Clair  from  the 
N.  W.  Gnadenhuetten  lies  on  this 
river.  Alio  the  name  of  another  fmall 
river  in  the  fame  territory,  which  runs 
N.  eaftward  into  Lake  Erie,  40  miles 
weftward  of  Cayahoga,  and  15  S.  E.  of 
the  mouth  of  Sandulky  Lake, 

Hyanis  Road.  See  Barnfiahky  in 
Maflachufetts.  _ 

Hyde,  a  maritime  county  in  Newbern 
diftrift,  North-Caronna  ;  bounded  E. 
by  the  ocean,  W.  by  Beaufort  county* 
N.  by  Tyrrel,  and  S.  by  Carteret.  It 
contains  4120  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1048-  are  flaves. 

HYco-oteb,  or  nycoo^  a  fmall 
river  which  empties  into  the  Dan,  about 
4  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Staunton 
liver.         •  : 

HVBESPARKy^ 


i[:Vl 


u 


-ittl^Hh'kMVAUI.'l 


Wl' 


1 1':'' 


M 


-If.', 


I  L  fi 

KvpcspARK,  a  town(hIp  in  Orleans 
coujlty,  in  Venpont,  contaiqing  43  in- 
habitants. It  is  15  miles  S.  of  the  Can- 
ada line,  and  u6  north  by  eaft  of  Bcd- 
Dington. 


[JK  ."^ym^v 


tiXr- 


I  AGO*    Seeyag9,f>ftiriHf.      ^ 
Iat  A,  a  bay  on  iJie  coaft  of  Cnili. 

Ibberville^  a  river  or  rather  a  fort 
of  natural  canal,  of  W.  Florida,  which, 
■when  the  Mifliliptji  overflows,  and  is 
high  enough  to  fun  into  it,  (whidh  is 
generally  in  the  months  of  May^  June, 
and  July)  forms  a  communication  for 
veflels  drawing  thfce  or  four  feet,  from 
the  Miflifippi  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
oaftward,  through  the  lakes  Mauripas 
and  Pontchartram.  This  canal,  ivhich 
has  been  dignified  with^the  name  of 
river,  is  dry  all  the  reft  orthe  year.  It 
is  a  mile  below  a  village  of  Alabama  In- 
dians, ^s  miles  ffom  the  fettlemeqts  of 
Point  Coupei,  99  W.  by  ft.  of  Ne>«r- 
Orleans,  104  N.  W.  of  tne  Balize,  and 
«70  W.  of  Penfacola,  by  the  ^ve 
lakes.  It  receives  the  river  Amit  or 
Amite,  from  the  northward,  which  is 
Aavigable  for  batteaux  to  a  confiderable 
(iiftance. 

IcAouBpoiNT,onthcE.endofthe 
ifland  w  St.  Domingo,  Iat.  19*  a'. 

I  c  H  u  A-T  0  w  N ,  in  the  Geneffee  coun- 
nry  in  the  State  of  New- York,  is  an  In- 
dian village  at  the  mouth  of  Ichua 
Greek,  a  north-eaftern  head  water  of 
Alleghany  river.  It  is  60  miles  eafterly 
of  Fort  Erie,  70  E.  by  S.  of  La  Boeut, 
and  67  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford  on  Gen- 
•ffee  river. 

IcuNADA  DE  Barrugan,  a  town  on 
the  river  La  Plata,  in  S.  America.  See 
Buenos  Aires.  ^ 

Icy  Cape  is  the  north-wcfternmoft 
head  land  of  N.  America,  fituated  in  the 
Northern  ocean.  Between  this  cape 
and  Cape  North,  in  Afia,  is  the  opening 
into  Behring's  Straits,  which  lead  from 
the  Northern  into  the  Pacific  ocean. 

loNACio,  St.  a  town  in  the  eaftem 
part  of  Peru,  and  on  the  N.  fide  of  Am- 
tzon  river. 

looRNACHoix,  a  bay  in  the  ifland 
of  Newfoundland,  fouthward  of  St. 
John's  Bay. 

Ileignes,  or  St.  Charles^  a  town 
oij  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, and  100  farhoms  from  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  inhabited  by  em- 
igrants from  the  Cviary  iilands,  and 


has  a  few  ftreets  which  ri^  from  thA 
four  cardinal  points,  and  cut  each  o^et 
at  right  angles.  The  inhabitants  ar^ 
the  moil  induftribus  pepple  in  theSpan^ 
ifh  part  of  the  ifland. 

Ilh  EOS.  a  captainfliib  S.  of  that  called 
Bay  of  All-Saints,  and  in  the  middle 
divifion  of  Brazil.  Chief  tawn,  Payai 
Ilheos,  the  capital  of  the  above  province, 
ftands  abdut  30  leagues  N.  £.  of  Pond 
Segaro,  and  as  far  S.  W.  of  the  Bay  of 
All-Saints.  It  is  watered  by  a  riyer  of 
the  fame  name,  and  contains  about 
aoo  families*  S.  lat»  15"  40',  W.  Ion. 
34**  a8'. 

Illinois,  a  large  navigable  river  of 
the  N.W,  Territory,  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  the  rivers  Plein,  ana  Theaki- 
ki,  in  41°  48'  N.  Iat.  and  in  88'='  4*'  W. 
longitude.  This  noble  branch  of  the 
Mimfippi,  after  running  a  ferptntins 
S.  W.  courfe,  through  an  extenfivei 
country  of  rich,  fertileland,  and  receiv- 
ing a  vaft  number  of  rivtrs  from  ao  td 
100  yards  wide«  which  are  navigable 
fpr  boats  from  i  j  to  180  miles,  approach- 
es V^ithin  J  miles  of  the  MifTifippi ;  froni 
thence  running  caftward  about  ta  miles, 
it  pays  its  tribute  by  ai  mouth  400  yards 
wide,  in  38°  40'  N.  Iat.  and  in  9**  la' 
W.  longitude  ;  oppofite  tlie  large  cave, 
176  miles  above  the  Ohio  and  18  abova 
the  MifTouri.  The  lands  on  the  bank^ 
of  the  Illinois,  particularly  thofe  on  the 
S.  £.  fide,  are  perhaps  as  fertile  as  any 
part  of  North-America.  They  produce 
in  the  moft  luxuriant  plenty,  wneat,  rye, 
Indian  com,  peas,  beans,  flax,  hemp, 
tobaeco,  hops,  grapes,  apples,  pears, 
peaches,  dying  roots,  medicinal  plants, 
&c.  ^  Here  alfo  grow  large  forefls 
of  hickory,  oak,  cedar,  mulberry  trees, 
&c.  Savannas,  or  natural  meadows 
are  both  numerous  and  extei)five.  In 
the  forefts  are  great  variety  of  animals, 
as  buffaloes,  deer,  &c.  and  in  the  rivers 
are  plenty  of  fifli,  particularly  cat,  carp, 
and  perch,  of  an  enoi  mous  fize,  _  Such 
is  the  abundance  of  wild  grapes  in  this 
country,  that  in  the  year  1769,  the 
Flench  planters  upon  this  river  made 
above  1 10  hhds.  of  ftrong  wine,  from 
thefe  grapes.  On  the  north-weftern 
fide  of  this  river  is  a  coal  mine,  which 
extends  for  ha)f  a  mile  along  the  mid- 
dle of  its  banks,  and  ^bout  the  fame  difr 
tance  below  the  coal  mine  are  two  fait 
ponds,  100  yards  in  cirCDfnference,  and 
fevera!  feet  in  depth.  The  water  is 
flagni^t  Mid  of »  yjB%wifh  Zfjmf  \  b<4 

the 


' AUt^' -  ^  h  Jj^  AWi»  .1 


IND 


I  N  D 


fte  French  and  natives  make  good  fait 
from  it.  The  Illinois  fumilhes  a  com- 
munication with  lake  Michigan,  by 
Chicago  river,  between  which  and  the 
Illinois  are  two  portages  the  length  of 
which  do  not  exceed  4  miles.  The 
whole  length  of  the  river  from  the  fource 
of  Theakiki,  which  is  but  a  fhort  dif- 
tance  from  the  river  St.  Jofeph,  oppo- 
site to  Fort  St.  Jofeph  on  the  north,  is 
480  mile?.  The  Indians  have  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  by  the  treaty  of 
Greenville,  in  1795*  a  traft  of  land  i^ 
miles  fquare,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Illinois  ;  alfo  a  trad  6  miles  f(}uare, 
at  the  Old  Prarias  fort  and  village  near 
the  fouth  end  of  Illinois  Lake.  That 
lake  is  only  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  and 
is  fituated  about  340  miles  below  tJie 
iburce  of  Theakiki,  and  43  below  the 
Salt  Ponds.  It  is  20  miles  long  and  5 
miles  broad  in  the  middle. 

Illinois  Indians  inhabit  nearCaho- 
kia  on  the  Miflifippi.    Warriors  a6o. 

Imperials,  acity  of  Chili  in  South- 
America,  6  leagues  from  the  South  Sea, 
having  the  river  Cautcn  to  tlic  fouth 
and  anotlier  river  to  the  weft,  both  nav- 
igable.   It  is  fituated  on  a  rifmg  Iteep 
neck  of  land,  hard  to  be  afcended.    In 
J  600,  it  was  taken  by  tlie  Indians,  after 
a  year's  fiege ;  moft  of  the  inhabitants 
having  periflied    by    famine.      They 
burnt  the  town,  and  then  laid  fiege  to 
Soforno.    In  this  war  Valdivia,  Argol, 
Sanfta  Cruz,    Chilla,   and  Villa  Rica 
were  taken.    After  which  they  became 
fo  confident  of  their  ftrength,  that  they 
fought  the   Spaniards  bravely,  and  in 
fome    meafure  revenged  the  cruelties 
they  had  committed  upon  tlieir  coun- 
trymen. The  Spaniards  afterwards  built 
a  town  here  called  Conception  ;  which 
fee.    S.  lat.  :,Z°  41',  W.  long.  7j<»  25'. 
In  AG  u  A,  Great  and  Little,  two  fmall 
iflands  in  the  Windward  Paffage,  N.  W. 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  N.  E. 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Inattbnoub  IJiand,  (the  Gower 
Ifland  of  Carteret)  fo  named  by  Sur- 
ville,  lies  on  the  north  fide  ol  the  iflands 
©f  Arfacides,  a°  4'  eatt  of  Port  Praflin. 
Incai,  a  fouthern  branch  of  Amazon 
river,  in  S.  America. 

Independence,  Mount,  is  fituated 
on  the  ftrait  through  which  the  waters 
of  Lake  George  and  Fall  Bay  flow  in- 
to Lake  Cliamplain,  in  the  N.  W.part  of 
the  town  of  Orwell  in  Rutland  county, 
Vermont,  and  oppoGte  to  Ticonderoga. 
R 


Indian  Bay  lies  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Bonavifta  Bay,  in  Newfoundland  Ifl- 
and. 

Indian  Old  Town,  a  town  in  Lin- 
coln county,  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine, 
fituated  on  an  ifland  in  Penobfcot  river, 
juft  above  ♦he  Great  Falls,  and  about 
60  below  the  Forks.  Here  are  about 
100  families,  who  are  Roman  Catholics, 
the  remains  of  the  Penobfcot  tribe,  and 
the  only  Indians  who  refide  in  the  DiC- 
tridl  of  Maine.  They  live  together  ia 
a  regular  fociety,  ana  are  increaling  in 
number ;  the  Sachems  having  laid  aa 
injunftion  on  the  young  people  to  mar- 
ry early.  In  a  former  war,  this  tribe  had 
their  lands  taken  from  them  j  but  at  the 
commencement  of  the  American  revo- 
lution, the  Provincial  Congrefs  grant- 
ed them  a  tradt  of  land,  la  miles  wide, 
interfered  in  the  middle  by  the  river. 
They  have  a  right,  in  preference  to  any 
other  tribe,  to  hunt  and  fifti  as  far  as  the 
mouth  of  the  bay  of  Penobfcot  extends. 
In  their  town  is  a  decent  church  with  a 
bell ;  and  a  priell  refidcs  among  tlienx 
to  adminifter  the  ordinances. 

Indian  Orchard,  a  tradt  of  land  ia 
Northampton  county,  Pennfylvania,  on 
the  W.  fide  of  Delaware  river,  on  the 
river  Lexawacfein. 

Indiana,  a  territory  in  Virginia,  ly- 
ing between  Ohio  river  and  the  Laurel 
Mountain,  containing  about  34  millions 
of  acres.  It  is  nearly  of  a  triangular 
form,  and  extends  in  length  from  the 
Pennfylvania  fine  to  the  waters  of.  the 
little  Kanhaway.  It  was  granted  to 
Samvel  Wharton,  William  Trent,  and 
George  Morgan,  efqaires,  and  a  few 
other  perfons,  in  the  year  1768,  by  the 
Shawanele,  Delaware  and  Huron  tribes 
of  Indians,  as  a  compenfation  for  loffea 
to  the  amount  of  ^85,916  :  10  :  8  cur- 
rency, which  thcle  people  had  fuftained 
by  the  depredations  of  the  Indians,  in^ 
the  year  1763.  It  is  a  valuable  trait  of 
land ;  but  the  title  of  the  proprietors, 
though  pronounced  good  by  a  Ct)mmit- 
tce  of  Congrefs  in  1782,  is  at  prefent 
embarraflld  in  confequence  of  the  revo- 
lution. 

Indi  ANE,  a  fmall  harbour  in  the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton. 

Indian  River,  or  Cyprefs  S-vjampy 
lies  partly  in  the  States  of  Maryland  and 
Delaware.  This  morals  extends  6  mile's 
from  eaft  to  welt,  and  nearly  12  from 
north  to  fouth,  including  an  area  of 
nearly  5  o,coo  acrcb  of  land.  The  whole 

of 


I  m 


I: 


m 

I'  1 


4 


l;„:    i 


I  N  D 

©/this  fwamp  is  a  hich  and  level  bafon, 
very  wet,  though  undoubtedly  the  high* 
eft  land  on  that  part  of  the  coaft.  Falfe 
Cape,  at  the  mouth  of  Indian  river,  and 
the  N.  E.  part  of  Gedar  Neck  is  in  38" 
2S'  is"  N.  lat.  and  iii  miles  fouth  of 
the  hght-houie  at  Cape  Henlopen.  Ce- 
dar Swamp  contains  a  great  variety  of 
plants,  trees,  wild  beafts,  birds,  and 
reptiles. 

Indian  River,  on  the  eaft  coafl  of 
the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida,  rifes  a  fhort 
diftance  from  the  fea-coaft,  and  runs 
from  north  to  fouth,  forming  a  kind  of 
inland  pailage  for  many  miles  along  the 
coall.    It  is  alfo  called  Rio  Ays,  and 
lias  on  the  north  lide  of  its  mouth  the 
point  El  Palmar,  on  the  fouth  that  of 
the  Leech.    N.  lat.  4.7°  30',  W»lo0g. 
So''  40'. 
Indian  IstANd.  See  Peml/cot River. 
Indian s>    The  amount  of  Indian 
population^  in  America,  can  only  be 
guelTed  at.    The  new  difcoverod  lilands 
in  the  South  Sea,  and  pait  of  the  N.W. 
coaft  are  probably  the  moll:  populous. 
The  beft  informea  have  conjeftured  the 
number  of  aborioinal  inhabitants^  or  In- 
dians, in  Amenca»to  be  under  two  rail- 
lions  and  a  half.-    Tlie  decreafe  fince 
the  difcovery  of  America,  lias  been 
amazing :  At  that  period,  the  iiland  of 
Hifpaniola  alone  contained  at  leaft  a 
million  of  inhabitants  ;  Bartholomew 
de  las  C:ifas  eftimated  the  number  at 
three  millions.    Millions  were  buried  ia 
the  mines  or  hunted  to  death  by  the 
Spaniards,  both  on  the  iflandB  and  con>- 
tinent.    In  the  northern  parts  of  Amer- 
ica, numbers  were  doubtkfs  deltroyed 
in  formins  tlie  Engll'Hi,  Dutchy  and 
French  cdonies ;  but  notwithftandinjf. 
the  ruptures  between  the  colonifts  and 
the  Indians,  very  lew  comparatively  pe- 
rifhed  by  war.    Famine,  and  its  com- 
panion the  peftilcnce,  frequently  deftroy 
whole  tribes.    The  dileafes  alfo  intro- 
duced by  the  Europeans,  have  made 
great  havock ;  the  fpirituous  liquors  in 
the  ufe  of  which  they  have  been  initia- 
ted by  the  whites,  prove  perhaps  moft 
of  all  repugnant  to  populution.    They 
wafte  as  the  Europeans  advance  j  they 
moulder  away»  and  difappear.    The 
moft  numerous  tribes  are  at  the  greateft 
diftance  from  the  fettlements  of  the 
whites,  and  it  is  very  certain  tl^at  in  pro- 
portion to  their  diftance  they  are  unac- 
Suainted  with  the  ufe  of  fire-arms.    All 
vi  nations  oorth  ot  lake  Superior,  and 


t  N  1> 

thofe  beyond  the  MiiTifippi,  ufe  only 
bows  and  arrows,  fo  that  when  their 
fcattered  (ituation  is  conlidered,  the  va- 
rious cuftoms  and  fuperftitions  which 
it  would  be  nectflary  to  reconcile,  in 
order  to  produce  unity  of  adHon,  and 
what  a  fmall  proportion  of  them  have 
die  apparatus,  or  ^nderftand  the  ufe  of 
mufquetry,  or  pofkifs  refourccs  to  enable 
then!  to  carryon  lafting  hoftilitles  againft 
the  power  of  the  United  States,  it  muft 
be  obvious  tliat  even  partial  defeats  of 
the  federal  troopfe  will  haften  their  ruin-j 
notwithftandlnj  the  \yonderful  dexteri- 
ty and  intrepidity  which  they  exhibited 
in  feveral  adiohs  with  ilie  regular  troop* 
in  die  late  war.  But  this  neither  is  nor 
ought  to  be  the  wifh  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  United  States  ;  they  ought  to- 
teach  them  tlie  blefliogs  of  peace,  and 
curb  the  exorbitant  luft  of  farther  ex- 
tent of  territory. 

A  lift  of  Indian  tribes,  'n  Imla^'s 
Hiftory  of  Kentucky,  maJces  the  ag- 
^egate  number  lefs  than  60,000  who 
inhabit  the  country  froni  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  on  both  fiaes  of  the  Miflilippi^ 
to  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  as 
far  weft  as  the  country  has  been  gen- 
erally explored,  that  is,  to  the  head- 
water of  the  Miflifipp^j  and  from  thence 
agoodway  up  the  MiUburi^and  between 
that  river  and  Santa  Fe.  To  give  any 
account  of  the  nations  farther  fouth,  far 
Icfs  in  S.  America,  would  be'  a  tail{  be- 
yond all  bounds ;  the  chief  of  thefe  are 
noticed  und«r  their  refpc<Jtivc  names. 

The  population  of  the  Indian  nations 
in  the  fouthern  parts  of  the  United 
States,  lomewhat  different  from  Im- 
lay,  is,  according  to  Mr.  Purcell,  wha 
reiided?  among  them  in  17801  as  fol- 
lows :- 
Mufcogees,  common^ 

ly  called  Creeks 
Chadaws 

Cliickafaws    iw/m.-^-  - 
Cherokees      '  - 
Catabaws 

13,516    4a»033 

Tlie  above  red  nations  have  increafed 
in  a  fmall  degree  (ince  the  general  peace 
eftabliflied  among  them  in  1777.  The 
whites  incorporated  among  them  are 
few  in  number,  and  lead  a  vagabond 
life,  going[  from  tribe  to  tribe  as  their 
reftlels  diipofition  leads  them.  The  in- 
creale  of  population  is  cooliderabiy 
checked  by  the  quantities  of  adulterat- 
ed 


G-Jti-men 

;    Total; 

5>86o 

17,180 

4,131" 

•»3»4»,^ 

575 

a,»90 

3,800 

8>55o 

150 

490 

Total; 
i7,a8o 

2»390 

8>J5o 
490 


TND 

«fl  and  poifonous  fpiritnous  liquors,  and 
the  venereal  diftemper  introduced  a- 
nong  them  by  the  whites. 

Major  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  put  an 
-end  to  the  deftruftri'j:  war  with  the  In- 
dians by  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendfliip 
concluded  at  Greenville  Aug.  3,  J795, 
Avhich  was  ratified  by  the  Prefident  ot 
the  United  States,  Dec.  aa,  1795. 
The  Indian  tribes  figned  the  treaty  in 
tlie  followng  order:  IVyandotsj  Dch' 
*ivares,  Shaivanoes,  Ofia'wai,  Chipanvasy 
Ottaiva,  Pataivatames  of  the  river  of 
St.  Jofeph,  Pataivatames  of  Huron, 
Miames,  Miami i  and  Eel  River ^  Eel 
Fiver  tribe,  Miamis,  Kickapoos  and 
Kajkajkiasy  Delanvares  of  Sanduflcy, 
and  fome  of  the  Six  Nations  living  at 
Sanduflcy.  Thefe  Indians  ceded  to  the 
United  States  various  trafls  of  land  from 
a  to  la  miles  fquare,  near  the  different 
polls  in  the  N.  W.  Territory.  The 
United  States  delivered  to  the  Indian 
tribes  above  named  in  goods  to  the  val- 
ve of  ao,coo  dollars;  and  agreed  to 
deliver  in  goods  to  the  value  of  9,500 
dollars  annually,  forever.  The  portion 
"which  each  tribe  is  to  receive  will  be 
feen  in  the  account  of  the  particular 
nation  or  tribe. 

Little  is  yet  known  of  the  Indians  in 
the  interior  parts  of  North-America. 
In  1793,  Mr.  Stewart,  faid  to  be  in  the 
employ  of  the  British  court,  returned 
from  four  years  travels  through  the 
hitherto  unexplored  regions  to  tlic  weft- 
ward.  Taking  his  courfe  weft-fouth- 
•wefterly  from  the  ports  on  the  lakes, 
he  penetrated  to  tlie  head  of  the  Miflbu- 
ri,  and  from  thence  due  W.  to  within 
500  miles  of  the  fhores  of  the  Pacific 
ocean.  He  joined  the  interior  Indians 
in  feveral  battles  againft  the  fliorc  In- 
dians, all  which  coming  fliort  of  his  ob- 
jeft,  the  procuring  a  peace,  fo  that  he 
might  explore  the  continent  from  fea 
to  fea ;  after  fome  ftay,  he  returned 
nearly  by  the  fame  route  he  had  pur- 
fued  m  going  out.  Beyond  the  Millbu- 
rt,  Mr.  Stewart  met  with  many  power- 
ful nations,  in  general  hofpitable  and 
courteous.  The  Indian  nations  he  vif- 
ited  weftward,  appeared  to  be  a  polifli- 
cd  and  civilized  people,  having  towns 
regularly  built,  and  being  in  a  llate  of 
fociety  not  far  removed  from  that  of 
the  Europeans,  and  only  wanting  the 
ufe  of  iron  and  fteel  to  be  perfectly  fo. 
They  are  always  clad  in  flciiis,  cut  in  an 
elegant  manner,  and  in  many  refpefts 


1  N  G 

preferable  to  the  garments  in  ufe  among 
the  whites.  Adjacent  to  thefe  nations 
is  a  vaft  ridge  of  mountains,  which  may 
be  called  the  Alleghany  of  the  weftern 
parts  of  America,  and  ferves  as  a  barri- 
er againft  the  too  frequent  incurfions  of 
the  coaft  Indians,  who  entertain  a  mor- 
tal antipathy  to  the  nations  and  tribes 
inhabiting  the  country  eaftward  of  the 
mountains. 

Indian-Town,  in  Maryland,  a  vil- 
lage fituated  on  Indian  Creek,  on  the 
S.  E.  bank  of  Choptank  river,  and  in 
Dorcheftcr  county,  3  miles  S.  W.  of 
New-Market. 

Indian-Town,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
N.  Carolina,  10  miles  from  Sawyer's 
Ferry,  and  52  from  E  demon. 

Indies.    See  H^c/l-Imlies. 

Ingraham,  Port,  on  the  wcftem 
fide  of  Wafhington  Ifland,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  Young  Frederick's  Ifland.  It 
is  a  fine  harbour  for  wintering  in,  being 
near  the  fea,  and  having  deep  water, 
N.  lat.  5  3«  3  7',  W.  long.  133°!  8'. 

Ingraham  I//es,  in  the  South  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  lie  N.N.  W.  of  the  Marquefas 
Iflands,  from  35  to  50  leagues  diftant, 
and  are  7  in  number,  \iz.  Oohoona,  or 
Wafhington  ;  ffooapoo,  or  Adams  / 
Lincoln  ;  Nooheeva,  or  Federal ;  Ta- 
too-e-tee,  or  Franklin ;  Hancock,  and 
Knox.  The  names  in  Italic  are  thofe 
by  which  they  are  known  to  the  natives. 
The  others  were  given  them  by  Cap- 
tain Jofeph  Ingraham,  of  Bofton  in 
MafTachuietts,  commander  of  the  brig- 
antine  Hope  of  Bofton,  who  difcovered 
them  on  the  19th  of  April,  1791,  a  day 
remarkable  in  the  annals  of  America, 
the  revolutionary  war  having  com- 
menced on  that  day  in  1775,  and  the 
firft  difcoveries  made  under  the  flag  of 
the  United  States  marked  its  i6th  anni- 
verfary.    Thefe  iflands,  lying  between 


3'  and  9''  34'  S.  lat.  and   between 
140°  19'  and  141' 


18'  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich,  are  inoftly  inhabited,  and 
appear  to  be  generally  variegated  with 
hills  and  vallies,  abounding  with  timber, 
and  very  plcafant.  Nookeeva,  or  Fedr 
cral  ifland,  if  reprefented  by  the  natives 
to  be  tiie  largeft,  moft  populous  and 
produftive  ofthe  whole;  which,  they 
fay,  are  10  in  number.  The  people  rc- 
femble  thofe  of  the  Marquefas  Iflands ; 
as  do  their  canoes,  which  are  car\xd  at 
each  end.  Cotton  of  a  fuperior  quality 
grows  here.  The  nati^nes  were  friend- 
ly. 


IPS 


IRE 


ly.  Before  Ingraham's  difcovery  was 
known,  Captain  Jofiah  Roberts,  of  Bof- 
ton,  failed  in  the  ftiip  JefFerfon  for  the 
N.  W.  Coaft,  and  likewife  difcovered 
tlitfe  iflands.  He  gave  them  different 
names  ;  but  to  avoid  confufion  the  read- 
er is  referred  to  eacli  ifland  under  the 
Indian  name  when  it  is  known.  As  thefe 
iflands  lie  in  that  part  of  the  Pacific  O- 
cean,  through  which  veflels  from  Europe 
or  America,  bound  to  the  N.  W.  Coaft, 
maft  pafs,  and  are  not  far  out  of  their 
ufual  track,  they  may  be  vifited  for  re- 
frefhment  in  cafe  of  need.  See  Noohee- 
vaj  and  Marquefas  Ijlands,  &c. 

Inirchia  River,  or  Cagnela,  the 
name  of  Orinoco  river,  at  its  fource 
in  the  mountains,  weftward,  between 
New  Granada  and  Peru,  not  far  from 
the  South  Sea. 

iNNA-QyiTO,  one  of  the  fpacious 
plains  upon  the  N.  (ide  of  Quito,  in  Peru. 

Inscua  River,  is  laid  down  infome 
maps  as  the  north-weftern  and  main 
branch  of  St.  Croix  river,  an  eaftern 
water  of  the  Miflifippi,  rifmg  in  the  48th 
degree  of  north  latitude. 

lNVERNEss,NEw,ato\vnontheriver 
Alatamaha,  in  Georgia,  built  by  a  com- 
pany of  emigrants  *-om  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland,  130  of  whom  \yere  brought 
over  by  Gen.  Oglethorpe  in  i734-  It 
is  about  ao  miles  from  Frcderica.  Thefe 
fettlers  prefented  a  moft  pathetic  and 
prophedc  remonftrance  to  Gen.  Ogle- 
thorpe in  January,  1738,  againft  the  in- 
troduction of  flaves  into  the  colony. 

Iowa,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
runs  fouth-eaftward  into  the  MiiTifippi, 
in  N.  lat.  41'  5'*  61  miles  above  the 
lovja  Rapids,  where  on  the  E.  fide  of 
the  river  is  the  Loiuer  lonva  Town, 
which  »o  years  ago  could  furnifti  300 
warriors.  The  Upper  lonua  Toivn  is 
about  15  miles  below  the  moutli  of  the 
river,  alio  on  the  E.  fide  of  die  Miflifip- 
pi, and  could  formerly  furnifli  400  war- 
riors.   See  Riviere  du  Mains. 

Ipswich,  the  Jlganxsam  of  the  In- 
dians, is  a  poll-town  and  port  of  entry 
on  both  fides  of  Ipfwich  river,  in  Efl^ex 
county,  Maflachuietts,  la  miles  fouth  of 
Newburyport,  10  north-ejfl;  of  Beverly, 
3a  N.  E.  by  N,  of  Bofton,  and  about  a 
mile  from  the  fea.  The  townfliip  of 
Ipfwich  is  divided  into  5  pariflies,  and 
contains  601  houfes,  and  4.Toa  inhabit- 
aiits.  There  is  an  excellent  fl;onc 
bridge  acrofs  Ipfwich  river,  compofed 
of  ^WP  arcbe?!  with  on^  foli^  pier  w  ^e 


bed  of  the  river,  which  connefts  the 
two  parts  of  die  town,  executed  under 
the  diredion  of  the  late  Hon.  Judgp 
Choate.  This  was  heretofore  a  place 
of  much  more  confideration  than  at 
prefent.  Its  decline  is  attributed  to  a 
barred  harbour  and  flioals  in  the  river. 
Its  natural  fituation  is  pleafant,  and  on 
all  accounts  excellently  well  calculated 
to  be  a  large  manufafluring  town.  The 
fupreme  judicial  court,  the  courts  of 
common  pleas  and  fefllons  are  held  here 
once  a  year,  on  the  ift  Tucfday  of 
April ;  and  from  its  central  fituation, 
it  appears  to  be  the  mofb  convenient 
place  for  all  the  courts  and  public  of- 
fices of  tlie  county.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  farmers,  except  thofe  in  the 
compavft  part  of  the  townfliip.  A  few 
veffels  are  employed  in  the  fifliery,  and 
a  few  trade  to  the  Weft  Indies.  Silk 
and  thread  lace,  of  an  elegant  texture, 
are  manufadured  here  by  women  and 
children,  in  large  quantities,  and  fold 
for  ufe  and  exportation  in  Bofton,  and 
other  mercantile  towns.  In  1790,  n(> 
lefs  than  41,979  yards  were  made  here, 
and  the  manufafture  is  rather  increafing, 
Ipfwich  townfliip  was  incorporated  in 
1 634,  and  is  3  78  miles  N.  E.  of  Philade!,- 
phia.  N.  lat.  4a°43'»  W.  long.  70°  50'. 

Ipswich,  New,  a  townfliip  in  Hillf- 
borough  county,  New-Hampfliire,  con- 
taining ia4i  inhabitants,  fituated  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Souheagan  river,  and  fepa- 
rated  fi-om  Whatohook  Mountain  by  the 
north  line  of  Maflachufetts  ;  jfi  miles 
N.  W.  of  Bofton,  and  about  77  weft  of 
Portfmouth.  Itwas  incorporated  in  1 76a, 
and  has  in  it  a  flouriftiingj  academy. 

Irasburg,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans 
county,  in  Vermont,  fituated  on  Black 
river,  1 7  miles  N,of  Hazen  Block-houfe, 
and  la  S.  of  the  Canada  line, 

Irepell  County,  in  Salifliury  dif- 
trift,  N.  Carolina,  is  furrounded  by  Sur^i 
ry.  Rowan,  and  Burke.  The  climate  is  a- 
greeable  and  healthy  ;  the  lands  beauti- 
fully variegated  with  hills,  and  the  foil  is 
rich.  It  contains  ^43  5  inhabs.  of  whop* 
858  are  flaves.  At  /r(?i/i'//court-houfe  is  9 
poft-oflice.  It  is  a  ?  miles  from  Salifliury, 
and  2j  from  Charlotte  court-houfe. 

Ireland,New,  a  long  narrow  ifland 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  N,  of  New  Britain, 
extending  from  the  N.  W.  to  the  S.  E, 
about  570  miles,  and  in  general  very 
narrow  ;  between  3°  and  5°  S.  lat.  antj 
146°  3c'.  and  151°  E.  long,  from  Paris, 
ThQ  iah^itaots,  are  pej^i  qqs.  The  iflanql 

'  -      V  ■    ■ •  is 


ISA 

h  eovered  with  wood,  and  abounds  with 
pigeons,  parrots,  and  other  birds.  Weft 
and  N.  W.  of  New  Ireland,  lie  Sand- 
wich, Portland,  New  Hanover,  ;ind  Ad- 
miralty Iflands,  difcovered  and  named 
by  Captain  Carteret,  in  1767.  The 
tracks  of  Le  Maite  and  Schouten  in 
i6i6,of  Roggewin  in  i7a2,andof  liou- 
ganville  in  1768,  pafs  tliele  iflands. 

Irois,  Pointe  de,  or  Irijh  Point,  a 
village  on  the  W.  end  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo. 

Iron  Banks,  a  traft  of  land  on  the 
E.  lide  of  the  Miflifippi,  below  the  mouth 
of  die  Ohio. 

Iron-Castle,  one  of  the  forts  of 
Porto  Bello,  in  S.  America,  which  ad- 
miral Vernon  took  and  deftroyed  in 
J 739,  The  Spaniards  call  it  St,  Philip 
de  todo  Fierra. 

Irondeqjuat,  called  in  fome  maps 
Ce  Rundc^ut,  a  gdf  or  bay  on  the  S. 
fide  of  the  Lake  Ontario,  4  miles  E.  of 
Walker's  at  the  mouth  of  Geneflee  river. 

Iron  Mountains,  Great,  in  the 
State  of  Tenneftee,  extend  from  the  river 
Tenneflee  to  that  of  French  Broad  from 
g.  W.  to  N.  E.  farther  to  the  N.  E.  the 
range  has  the  name  of  Bald  Mountain, 
and  beyond  the  Nolachucky,  that  of 
Iron  Mountains,  The  Iron  Mountains, 
feems  to  be  the  name  generally  applied 
to  the  whole  range.  It  conftitutes  the 
boundary  between  the  State  of  Tennef- 
fee,  and  that  of  North-Carolina,  and  ex- 
tends from  near  the  lead  mines,  on  the 
Kanhaway,  through  the  Cherokee  coun- 
try, to  the  fouth  of  Chota,  and  termi- 
nates near  the  fources  of  the  Mobile. 
The  caverns  and  cafcades  in  thefe 
mountains  are  innumerable. 

Iroquois.     See  Six  Naiionr. 

Iroquois  River.    See  Sorrel. 

Irvin  River  is  a  weftern  head  water 
of  the  Neus,  in  N.  Carolina. 

Isabel,  St.  one  of  the  iflands  of 
Solomon,  spo  miles  in  circumference  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  7*  30'  S.  lat.  about 
160  leagues  W,  of  Lima,  difcovered  by 
Mendana,  1567,  whofe  inhabitants  are 
cannibals,  and  worfliip  ferpents,  toads, 
and  other  animals.  Their  complexion 
is  bronze,  thejr  hair  woolly,  and  they 
wear  no  covering  but  round  the  waift. 
The  people  are  divided  into  tribes,  and 
are  conftantly  at  war  with  each  other. 
Bats  were  feen  here,  which  from  one  ex- 
tremity of  their  wings  to  the  other,  meaf- 
ured  5  feet.  Dami- '^r,  who  has  the  rep- 
iuatioi)  of  exat^ads,  lays  thut  he  ^W; 


I  S  L 

in  the  finall  ifland  of  Sabuda,  «n  the  W. 
coaft  of  Papua,  bats  as  large  as  young 
rabbits,  having  wings  4  fctt  in  extent 
from  one  tip  to  the  other. 

Isabella  River.    See  Ozama. 

Isabella  Point,  lies  on  the  N.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  andformt 
the  N.  E.  (ide  of  the  bay  of  its  name. 
N.  lat.  K)"  50'  ic".  This  is  the  port 
where  Columbus  formed  the  firft  Span- 
ifli  fettlement  on  the  ifland,  and  named 
both  it  and  the  point  after  his  patrond's 
Qu^een  Ifabella.  He  entered  it  in  the 
night,  driven  by  a  tempcft.  It  is  over- 
looked by  a  very  high  mountain  flat  at 
the  top,  and  furrounded  with  rocks,  but 
is  a  little  expofed  to  the  N.  W.  wind. 
The  river  H'abella  which  falls  into  it,  is 
confiderable.  There  are  14  fathoms  of 
water  to  anchor  in.  The  fettJement 
was  begun  in  1493,  was  given  up  in  1496, 
when  its  inhabitants  were  carried  to  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo,  which  originally 
was  called  New  Ilabella.  The  bay  is 
faid  to  have  good  anchorage  for  fliips  of 
war.  It  is  about  49  leagues  eaft  by 
north  of  Cape  Fiancois,  meafuring  in  a 
ftraight  line. 

IscA,  or  rather  7(r<r,  with  Pifco  and 
Nafca,  three  towns  from  which  a  jurif. 
diftion  of  Lima  in  Peru,  S.  America, 
has  its  name.  Great  quantities  of  wine 
are  made  here  and  exported  to  Calao. 
It  alio  produces  excellent  olives,  either 
for  eating  or  for  oil.  The  fields  which 
are  watered  by  trenches,  yield  an  un- 
common plenty  of  wheat,  maize,  and 
fruits.  This  jurifdidion  is  remarkable 
for  fpacious  woods  of  carob  trees,  with 
the  fruit  of  which  the  inhabitants  feed 
numbers  of  aflTes,  for  the  ufes  of  agricul- 
ture, to  this  and  the  neighbouring  juriC. 
didtions.  The  Indians  who  live  near  the 
fea  apply  themfelves  to  fifiiing,  and  after 
faking  the  fifli  carry  them  to  a  good  mar- 
ket in  the  towns  among  the  mountains. 

Islands,  Bay  of,  on  the  Ibuth  coaft 
of  Nova-Scotia. 

IsLR  OF  Wight,  a  county  of  Virgin- 
ia, on  the  fouth  lide  of  James's  river, 
weft  of  Norfolk  county,  being  about  40 
miles  long  and  i^  broad,  and  contains 
9,oa8  inhuoitants,  including  3,867  flaves. 
A  mineral  fpring  has  been  difcovered 
near  the  head  of  the  weft  branch  of  Nan- 
femond  river,  about  to  miles  from  Smith- 
field,  and  I  a  from  SuflFolk.  It  is  much 
reforted  to,  and  famed  for  its  medicinal 
qualities. 

I9LE  Royal,  on  the  north-weft  fide 

of 


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^•^%*'*-*^    \ 


\i-  n 


iHt 


ii"  : 


■  I.:    ,! 


II'' ! 
11 


:iM;, 
ill 


ill  III!  I 


J  AC 

of  Lake  Snperior,  lies  within  t!ic  terri- 
tory of  the  United  States  north-well  of 
the  Ohio,  is  about  loo  miles  long,  and 
in  many  places  about  43  broad.  The 
natives  fuppofe  that  this  and  the  other 
iflands  in  the  lake  are  ths  refidence  of 
the  Great  Spirit. 

IsLESBORouGH,  a  townfliip  in  Han- 
cock county,"  Maine,  foniisd  by  Long- 
Ifland,  in  tlie  centre  of  Penobfcot  Bay, 
S5  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  3  in 
breadth.  It  was  incoporated  in  1789, 
contains  381  inhabitants,  and  is  a4o 
niles  N.E.  by  N.  of  Boliun. 

Isles  de  Madam f,  lie  at  the  fuuth 
end  of  Sydney,  or  Cape  Breton  Ifland, 
on  which  they  are  dependant.  The 
largcft  of  thele,  with  Cape  Canfo,  the 
eaft  point  of  Nova-Scotia,  form  the  en- 
trance of  the  Gut  of  Canfo  from  the 
Atlantic  ocean.    See  Cape  BretoK. 

IsLip,  a  townfhip  of  New-York,  (it- 
•uated  in  Suffolk  county,  Long-Ifland, 
eaft  of  Huntington,  and  contains  609 
inhalMtants ;  of  thefe  93  are  eledlors, 
and  35  flaves. 

IwANEE,  a  little  town  nearSt.  Jago 
de  Cuba,  where  a  fmaU  remnant  of  the 
ancient  Indians  live,  who  have  adopted 
the  manners  and  language  of  the 
Spaniards. 


Jackson's  River,  %  head  water  of 
James's  river  in  Virginia,  rifes  in  the 
Warm  Spring  Mountains,  about  20 
miles  fouth-weft  of  the  Warm  Spring 
Mountains,  and  runs  fouth-weft  through 
the  valley  until  Carpenter's  creek  joms 
rt  from  that  quarter,  when  the  river  af- 
furaes  t\\i  name  of  Fluvanna,  and  flows 
fouth-eaft.  About  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  from  its  Iburce  it  falls  over  a  rock 
100  feet  into  the  vaFley  below.  The 
fheet  of  water  is  broken  in  its  breadth 
by  the  rock  in  two  or  three  places,  but 
not  in  its  height.  Bitween  the  flieet 
and  the  rock  at  the  bottom  you  may 
walk  acrofs  dry.  It  is  near  half  as  high 
again  as  Niagara,  but  is  only  12  or  15 
feet  wide. 

Jacksonsborough,  a  fmall  poft- 
town  of  South-Carolina,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  Edifto  river,  about  z^  miles  weft  of 
Charlefton. 

Jacmel,  a  jurifdiftion  and  fea-port 
town  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo.  This  jurifdidtion,  in  the 
French  jiart  of  the  ifland,  contains  3 
p»riflies,  is  remarkable  for  the  goodne^ 


JAG 

of  its  foil,  and  the  abundant  crops  of  coR. 
fee ;  and  is  fufceptible  of  a  great  aug- 
mentation. Its  exports  from  January 
1, 1789  to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year, 
were  27,3501b.  white  fagar  j  55,624  lb. 
brown  fugar;  4,072,7021b.  of  coftee  ; 
406,8321b.  cotton,  and  10,046  lb.  indigo. 
The  duties  on  exportation  of  the  above 
amounted  to  15,619  dollars,  26  cents. 
The  town  is  fituated  on  the  fouth  (ide  of 
the  neck  of  the  fouth  pcninfula.  The 
town  is  6  leagues  weft  war  J  of  Cayes  de 
Jacmel,  7^  eaft  of  the  bay  and  to^vn  of 
Baynet,  as  far  fouth  of  Leogane  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  p2ninfula,i3  fouth-weft 
of  Port  au  Prince,  and  sz  eaft  of  Cape 
Tiburon.  N.  lat.  18°  2 1',  W.  long,  from 
Paris  75"  2'. 

Jacmel,  Cayes  de,  a  town  and 
parilh  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  ftream  of 
Its  name,  6  leagues  eaft  of  the  above 
town  of  Jacmel.  This  parifh  is  bound- 
ed eaft  by  th,^  plain  on  the  Spanifl\  part, 
at  the  foot  of  ine  mountains  of  Bahoru- 
CO,  80  leagues  fquare,  fit  for  any  kind 
of  cultivation.  On  the  neighbouring 
mountains  coflFee  would  fucceed  weh, 

Jacob's  Creek,  an  eaftern  water  of 
Youghiogany  river  in  Weftmoreland 
county,  Pennfylvania.  There  is  a  carry- 
ing place  6  miles  weft  to  Monongaheia 
river,  from  the  Youghiogany,  oppofite 
the  mouth  of  this  creek. 

Jadaghque.    See  Chataughque. 

Jaffrrv,  a  townfhip  in  Chelhiro 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  Great  Monadnock,  6  miles 
north  of  the  Maflachufetts  line,  19  eaft 
of  Connedlicut  river,  and  about  56  W, 
S.  W.  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1773,  and  contains  1,235  inhab- 
itants. Here  are  found  red  and  yellow 
ochre,  allum,  vitriol,  and  black  lead  in 
great  quantities.  The  buck-bean  (meny- 
anthes)  faid  to  be  a  rare  plant  in  New- 
Hampfhire,  and  of  fingidar  ufe  in  medi- 
cine, is  found  at  Jaffrey,  near  the  Great 
Monadnock. 

Jago,  St.  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiametlan,  in  New  Spain,  which  it  is 
faid  rifes  in  the  lake  Guadalajara,  and 
empties  into  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
by  a  mouth  half  a  mile  broad,  and  10 
feet  deep  at  low  water. 

Jago,  St.  a  large  river  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, which  rifes  in  the  audience  of  Quito, 
in  Peru.  It  is  navigable,  waters  a  fer- 
tile country,  and  falK  into  the  South  Sea. 

Jago,  St.  a  handfome  and  confidera- 
ble  town  of  S.  America,  capital  of  Chili, 

with 


Ameri- 
f  Quito, 

s  a  fer- 
>uth  Sea. 
)nfidera- 
ofChilii. 

with 


^uh  a  good  harbour,  and  a  bifhop's  fee, 
and  u  royal  audience.  It  is  feated  on  a 
IdTge,  beautiful  plain,  abounding  in  all 
the  neceflkries  of  life,  at  the  loot  of  the 
Cordillera  de  los  Andes,  on  the  river 
Mapocho,  whicl)  runs  acrofs  it  from  £. 
to  W.  It  is  fubjedl  to  earthquakes,  and 
the  inhabitants  are  native  Americans  and 
Si'aniards.  It  contains  40,000  inhabit- 
ants according  to  Abbe  Raynal,  and  car- 
ries on  a  confiderable  trade  with  Buenos 
Ayres,  by  land,  354  leagues  diftant.  A^ 
though  above  40  leagues  of  the  way  are 
amidft  the  fnows  and  precipices  of  the 
Cordilleras,  yet  it  is  found  fafer  and 
cheaper  to  fend  goods  by  this  road  than 
by  fea.  See  CM/.  S.  lat.  33"  40',  W. 
long.  69°  35'. 

J  AGO    DE    GUATIMALAf    St.       ScC 

CtiatinMlai 

Jago  de  Cuba,  a  town  on  the  foath- 
ern  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  with  a 
good  harbour,  Ibated  at  the  bottom  of 
a  bay,  and  on  the  river  of  the  fame 
same.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  illand,  and  was  built  in  15 14,  is  v/eil 
fortified,  and  commands  the  windward 
paiTage.  This  place  has  a  declining 
afpeft,  and  prefents  only  the  ruins  of  its 
former  greatncfs.  Yet  it  has  a  noble, 
late,  and  commodious  port,  inferior  to 
the  Uavannah  only  in  its  fituation. 
Within  3  leagues  of  it,  at  Covery,  is  a 
rich  copp«r  mine.  In  the  road  from 
St.  Jago  to  St.  Salvadore  are  a  great 
quantity  of  flint-flones,  of  various  lizes, 
fo  round  that  they  might  ferve  for  can- 
non bullets.  St.  Jago  has  a  cathedral 
witii  ciruions  refidentiary,  and  had  once 
a  good  trade,  but  it  is  removed  to  the 
Havannah,  where  its  bilhop  alfo  relides. 
Sir  Francis  Drake  took  and  burnt  this 
city  in  1585.  It  is  about  a*  leagues  to 
the  caftward  of  the  Copper  Hills,  la  or 
13  weft  of  Cumberland  harbour,  and  41 
S.  6  W.  of  the  eaft  end  of  the  illand  of 
Jamaica.  N.  lat.  ao°  i  j',  W.  long,  7  6* 
4c'. 

Jago  ue  Leon,  St.  a  town  of  Vene- 
zuela, a  province  of  Terra  Fimia,  in 
S.  Anierica,  18  miles  from  the  lea'coaft, 
and  fituated  on  a  plain,  amongft  high 
mountains  eactremeiy  difficult  of  accel's. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Englifh  in  1599  ; 
but  afterwards  reftored  to  Spain. 

Jago  de  Nixapha,  St.  a  town  of 
Guaxaca,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico, 
fituated  in  the  valley  of  Nexapha,  on  a 
river  which  falls  into  the  rrver  Alvarado. 
It  hu  a  ricii  convent  of  DomiQicans. 


JAM 

Jago  DEL  Estero,  St.  a  town  oE 
S.  America,  one  of  the  moft  confider- 
able of  I'ucuman,  and  the  relidence  of 
the  inquifitor  of  the  province,  and  is  a 
bilhop's  fee.  It  is  fituated  on  the  banks 
of  the  Dolce,  which  is  here  pretty  large 
and  navigable  lor  veflels  of  burden.  It 
is  160  leagues  eaft  of  Potofi.  S.  lat.  34* 
40',  W.  long.  64''  55'. 

Jago  pt  las  Valles,  St.  a  town  of 
N.  America,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico, 
feated  on  a  plain,  on  the  river  Panuco. 
N-  lat.  %fy  W.  long.  71°  10'. 

Jago  DP.  LA  Vega, or  Span'ijh  Tanun, 
is  the  capital  of  the  illand  of  Jamaica  ; 
fituated  in  Middlefex  county,  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  Cobre,  about  6  miles 
from  the  fea,  and  contaii^j  between  f 
and  600  houfes,  and  about  5,000  inhab- 
itants, including  people  of  colour.  It  i» 
the  relidence  of  tlie  governor  or  com- 
mander in  chief,  who  is  accommodated 
with  a  fuperb  palace.  Here  the  legi/la^ 
ture  is  convened,  and  the  court  of  chan- 
cery, and  vhe  iiipreme  court  of  judica- 
ture are  held.  It  was  greatly  damaged 
by  a  ftorm  in  1772.  It  lies  in  the  S.  £.. 
part  of  the  illand,  about  7  miles  N.  W- 
of  Port-Paii'age,  on  the  bay  of  Port- 
Royal.    N.  lat.  1 8°  6',  W.  long.  76°  49*. 

Jago,  Sr.xin  the  ifland  of  St. Domin- 
go.   See  Tago. 

Jamaica,  a  townfhip  in  Windhan» 
county,  Vermont,  watered  by  fevtral 
branches  of  Weil  river,  and  containing 
^63  inhabitants. 

Jamaica,  a  poft  and  chief  town  of 
Queen's  county.  New- York,  in  the  welt 
part  of  Long-lfland,  and  contains  a 
Prelbyterian,  an  Epifcopalian,  and  » 
Dutch  church,  an  academy,  and  nearly 
100  dwelling  houfes.  It  is  12  miles  eal^ 
of  New-York  city.  The  whole  town- 
fhip contains  1,675  inhabitants,  of  whom 
737  are  eledfors,  aaa  Haves. 

Jamaica,  an  ifland  (ituated  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  about  4000  miles  S.  W. 
of  Great-Britain,  and  forms  one  of  the 
moft  valuable  appendages  to  thau  crown. 
It  is  30  leagues  E.  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo  ;  about  the  fame  diftance  N. 
of  the  ifland  of  Ci.ba  ;  having  the  gulf 
of  Honduras  on  the  W.  and  Cartagena 
on  the  continent  of  S.  America  to  the 
S.  diftant  145  leagues.  The  centre  of 
Jamaica  lies  in  about  18°  13'  N.  lat.  andi 
about  76*' 45' W.  long,  from  London.  It 
is  150  miles  in  length,  and  on  a  medium 
about  40  miles  in  breadth,  containing 
4jc8o,ooo  acres  ;    of  which  9oo,oo«i 

acrea 


\  1-  'I 


^''i\ 


ill  '  >sji 


^!.l 


JAM 

lerM  were  planted  in  iO-fs  '•  4nd  in 
November,  1789,  there  were  no  more 
than  1,907,589  acres  located,  or  taken 
op,  by  {jrants  from  the  crown.  This 
idand  is  mterleilcd  with  a  ridge  of  lleep 
rocks,  from  which  ifl'ue  a  vaft  number  of 
i'mall  rivers  of  pure  wholeibme  water, 
which  fall  down  in  cataracts,  and  to- 

§  ether  with  the  ftupendous  hciglit  of 
le  mountains,  and  tlie  bright  vcrdunj 
of  the  trees,  througli  which  they  flow 
widi  rapidity  to  the  i'ea  on  both  fides 
of  the  ifland,  form  a  moft  delightful 
laodfcape ;  but  none  arc  navigable  by 
marine  veflels.  Black  river  is  the  deep- 
eft,  and  is  navigable  for  flat-bottomed 
boats  and  canoes  30  miles.  Sugar  is 
the  greateft  pnd  moll:  valuable  produc- 
tion of  this  illand.  Of  this  article  was 
exported  to  Great-Britain  in  1787, 
£z4,7<'f)  cwt.  in  1790,  1,185,519  cwt. 
It  produces  alfo  cocoa,  ginger,  pimento, 
«r  as  it  is  called,  Jamaica  pepper,  and 
vulgarly  allfpicej  the  wild  cinnamc^ 
tlie  machineel,  ^vhofc  fruit  though 
commonly  delightful  to  the  eye,  con- 
tains one  of  the  worft  poifons  in  nature ; 
the  cabbage  tree,  remarkable  for  its 
height,  and  for  the  hardnefs  of  its  wood, 
"which,  when  dry,  is  incorruptible,  and 
hardly  yields  to  any  kind  of  tool ;  the 
palma,  aiFordinc  oil,  much  efteemed  by 
the  negroes,  both  as  food  and  medicine  ; 
the  foap  tree,  whofe  berries  anfwer  all 
the  purpofes  of  walhing ;  the  mangrove 
and  olive  bark,  vifeful  to  tanners ;  the 
faftic  and  redwood,  to  the  dyers  ;  and 
lately  the  logwood.  The  indigo  plant 
■was  formerly  much  cultivated,  and  the 
cotton  tree  is  ftill  fo.  Here  they  have 
maize,  or  Indian  corn,  Guinea  corn, 
peas  of  various  kinds,  with  a  variety  of 
roots.  Fruits  grow  in  great  plenty,  as 
citrons,  Seville  and  China  oranges,  com- 
mon and  fweet  lemons,  limes,  {had- 
docks, pomegranates,  mamees,  Iburibps, 
papas,  pine-apples,  prickly  pears,  alli- 
cada  pears,  melons,  guavas,.fe\  <:ral  kinds 
of  berries,  and  kitchen  vegetables  in 
great  variety.  Admiral  Rodney  enrich- 
ed this  beautiful  ifland  with  many  of 
the  rare  produdtions  of  the  Eaft,  which 
fell  into  his  hands  by  the  fortune  of  war ; 
particularly  the  bread-fi"uit  tree,  the  true 
Ceylon  cinnamon  tree,  and  the  mango 
tree.  Jamaica  can  boaft  of  a  botanical 
garden  containing  the  rarefl  colledion 
of  curious  trees  and  plants  perhaps  in 
the  world  ;  of  which  a  catalogue  has 
l?een  publifhad.     The  botanical  garden 


J  A  I^ 

cont;uns,  among  other  Taluable  prft(futf-J 
tions,  the  Chinele  hemp,  palm,  Otahcit* 
plum,  tallow  tree,  gum-arabic,  paper- 
mulberry,  from  which  paper  and  cloth 
are  made,  tea  plant,  and  Chinefe  olive. 
The  other  produftions,  both  animal  and 
vegetable,  are  liich  as  are  common  to 
the  otlier  iflands  in  the  Weft-lndics  ; 
but  mahogany  is  now  become  I'carcc. 
In  many  parts  of  Jamaica  tliere  is  a  great 
appearance  of  metals ;  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  Spaniards  had  mines  both  of 
filver  and  copper.  A  lead  mine  was  in- 
deed opened  lome  years  ago,  near  to  the 
Hope  eftate,  in  St.  Andrew's  parifh  ;  but 
the  pofleflbrs  find  more  profit  in  culti- 
vating tlie  furface  of  the  earth  than  dig- 
ging mto  its  bowels.  Jamaica  is  divided 
mto  3  counties,  MidJlefexy  Surry,  and 
Cornnvall ;  fubdivided  into  ao  parilhesy 
as  follows  :  Middlcfex  contains  thofe  of 
St. Mary,  St. Ann,  St.J'ihn,  St. Dorothy, 
St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Clarendon, 
Vere,  St.  Catherine,  the  town  of  St.  Jago 
de  la  Vega,  the  capital,  and  13  villages ; 
a44  fugar  plantations,  and  43,6a6  ne- 
groes. Siirry  contains  the  pariflies  of 
St.  Andrew,  St.  George,  Portland,  Port 
Royal,  St.  David,  St.  Thomas  in  the 
Eaft,  Kingft:on,  the  towns  of  Kingfton 
and  Port  Royal,  S  villages,  159  lugar 
plantations,  and  17,33  7  negroes.  C'o/v;- 
ay^// contains  the  pariflies  of  Trelawney, 
St.  James,  Hanover,  Weftmoreland,  St. 
Elizabeth,  the  towns  of  Savanna-la-Mar, 
Montego  Bay,  and  Falmouth,  309  fugar 
plantations,  and  57,835  negroes.  The 
whole  ao  parifhes  contain  18  chvches 
and  chapels  ;  and  each  parifli  has  a 
redtor  and  other  clturch  officers.  Pre- 
fcntations  to  livings  are  xaa^l^  by  die 
commander  in  chief.  Thj  number  of 
white  inhabitants  in  1787,  was  30,000  ; 
freed  negroes  10,000  ;  maroons  1400  ; 
and  flaves  250,000  ;  in  all,  304,000. 
The  value  of  this  ifland  as  Britifli  prop- 
erty, is  eftimated  as  follows  :  350,000 
negroes  at  JC50  flerling  each,  la^  mil- 
lions ;  the  landed  and  perfonal  property 
and  buildings  to  which  they  are  appur- 
tenant, 25  millions  more  ;  the  houfes 
and  property  in  the  towns,  and  the  vef- 
fels  employed  in  trade,  i^  millions ;  in  all 
9  millions.  The  exports  of  Jamaica 
•or  one  year,  ending  tlie  5th  of  January,. 
1788,  amounted  in  fterlin^  money  to 
jCa,i36,44a  :  17:  3.  In  1787  the  ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  amounted 
to;C6o,o95:  18  fhillings,  and  inipoita- 
tioQS  from  the  United  States  to  the  value 

of 


i 


JAM 

b^^90,ooo.  This  ifland  was  originally 
&  part  of  the  Spanifh  empire  in  America. 
It  was  reduced  under  the  Britiih  domin- 
ion  by  Penn  and  Venable?  in  1656,  and 
ever  fince  has  been  fubjed  to  Great- 
Britain.  The  government  of  it  is  on-  of 
the  richeft  places  next  to  that  of  Ireland, 
in  the  dil'pofal  of  the  crown,  the  ftand- 
ing  falary  being  j^i,joo  per  annum, 
and  the  aflerably  commonly  vote  as 
much  more  to  the  governor  j  which, 
with  other  perquilites,  make  it  on  the 
whole  little  lefs  than  /Ciojooo  a  year. 
This  fine  ifland  is  fubjeft  to  earth- 
quakes and  hurricanes,  which  have  done 
it  incredible  damage.  See  IV^i-Itidies 
and  Cold  Spring. 

James's  Bay  lies  at  tlie  bottom  or 
moll  fouthern  part  of  Hudfon's  Bay, 
with  which  it  communicates,  and  divides 
New-Britain  from  South  'Wales.  It  con- 
tains feveral  iflands,  among  which  are 
Bear,  Viners,  Charleton,  and  Agomifca 
iflands.  Michipicaton  river,  which  tails 
into  Lake  Superior,  has  its  fource  to- 
wards this  bay,  from  whence  there  is  faid 
to  be  but  alhort  portage  to  Moofe  river, 
which  falls  into  James's  Bay. 

James,  Cape  St.  is  the  louthernmoft 
extremity  of  Waihington  Illes,  on  the 
north-weik  coall  of  North-America. 

Jambs'i  Island  lies  on  the  Ibuth 
fide  of  Charlefton  harbour,  in  South- 
Carolina,  oppoiite  to  Charlefton,  and 
contains  about  50  families,  k  is  fepa- 
i  ated  from  John's  Ifland  on  the  well- 
ward  by  Stono  river. 

James,  a  navigable  river  of  Virginia, 
called  anciendy  Po'whatan  by  the  In- 
dians, affords  harbour  tor  velli;ls  of  any 
lize  in  Hampton  Road,  but  not  in  fafety 
through  the  whole  winter  j  and  there  is 
navigable  water  for  them  as  far  as  Mul- 
berry Ifland.  A  40  gun  fliip  goes  to 
Jameftown,  and,  lightening  herfelf,  may 
pafs  to  Harrilon's  Bar,  on  which  there 
is  only  15  feet  water.  Vefl'els  of  ajo 
tons  may  go  to  Warwick  ;  thofe  of  125 
go  to  Rockets's,a  mile  below  Richmond, 
trom  thence  is  about  7  feet  water  to 
Richmond  ;  and  about  the  centre  of  the 
town  4i  feet,  where  the  navigadon  is 
interrupted  by  tails,  which  in  a  courfe  of 
«  miles,  defcend  about  80  feet  perpen- 
dicular. A  canal  is  nearly  or  quite 
completed  for  the  pafling  of  boats  by 
theie  falls.  Above  thefe  the  river  is 
navigable  for  baitcaux  and  canoes  to 
withm  ic  miles  of  the  Blue  Ridge  ;  and 
£veo  thrpugh  the  Blue  Ridge  a  too 


«j(ar;.T  x-i.: 


•  If^'Si^''*'", 


JAM 

weight  has  been  brought ;  and  the  ex- 
penie  would  not  be  great,  when  com- 
pared with  its  objcdt,  to  open  a  tolerable 
navigation  up  Jackfon's  river  and  Car- 
penter's Creek,  to  within  25  miles  of 
Howard's  Creek  of  Green  Briar,  both 
of  which  have  then  water  enough  to 
float  veflels  into  the  Great  Kanhaway. 
In  fome  future  ftate  of  population,  it  n 
poflible  th.tt  its  navigation  may  alio  be 
made  to  interlock  with  that  of  the  Ta- 
towmac  ;  and  through  that  to  cununu- 
nicate  by  a  fhort  portage  with  the  Ohio. 

James  Citv,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
30  miles  long  and  1%  broad,  lying  be- 
tween Chickahominy  and  James's  rivers. 
It  contains  4>o7o  inhabitants,  including 
3,405  llaves. 

James,  a  fort  on  the  north  fide  of 
Loblolio  Bay,  in  the  ifland  of  Antig  aa, 
in  the  head  of  which  is  St.  John's 
harbour. 

James,  a  creek  in  Delaware  which 
empties  into  Delaware  Bay,  1 1  miles  be- 
low Hook  Ifland.  Dover,  die  feat  of 
government.  Hands  on  this  creek,  5 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

James  Dartmouth  Forty  a  fortrcfs  at 
the  confluence  of  Broad  with  Savannah 
river.  It  was  eredkd  under  the  Britifh 
government,  and  .ciigned  as  a  defence 
of  a  commercial  and  political  intercourfe 
with  the  Indians. 

James's,  St.  a  town  of  Maryland, 
fituated  in  Kent  county,  4  miles  fouth- 
wcfl:erly  of  the  town  of  Chefter. 

James,  Goose  Creek,  St.  a  par- 
ifli  in  Charlefton  diftrift,  S.  Carolina, 
containing  2,787  inhabitants;  of  whom 
4,333  a'"^  flaves. 

James  Santef,  St.  a  parifh  in  the 
above  diftrift  containing  3,707  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  whom  437  are  whites,  and 
3,345  flaves. 

Jamestown,  formerly  the  metrop- 
olis of  Virginia,  and  county-town  of 
James  City  county.  In  1 7  7  7  it  had  but 
one  family.  The  church  atid  other  build- 
ings are  mouldering  to  ruins.  It  is  the 
oldeft  town  in  the  fcttlements  formed 
by  the  Englifh  in  North-America.  It  is 
fituated  on  a  peninfula,  on  the  N.  fide 
of  James's  river,  3a  miles  from  Point 
Comfort,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  in 
Chtfapeak  Bay.  It  is  8  miles  S.  S.  W. 
of  Williamfburgh,  and  68  S.  E.  by  E. 
of  Richmond.    N.  lat.  37°  9'. 

James,  Great  and  Little,  St. 
two  of  the  fmaller  Virgin  Ifles,  fitua- 
ted iQ  tlie  King's  Channel  call  o^Tor- 


■(■! 


^p 


J  i 

Nil 


JAV* 


llii:: 


tula,  and  \vcft  of  St.  Tliomas.  bctw'cen 
which  antl  them,  is  St.  James's  partagc. 

jAMEft'3  'TowHf  in  the  ifland  of  Bar- 
fcadocs,  in  the  Wetl-Indics,  is  fituiitfd 
in  St.  |ames':vparifl»,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the lAand. 

Janeira,  Rio  i>E.  ^iid  Rio  de  Ja- 
wira. 

Jaquemei..    See  yaa»e/. 

Jar  DINE  DEI.  Keyka,  a  vaft  cliif- 
ter  of  ifles  and  rocfiS  on  the  fouth  lidc 
of  the  ifliuid  of  Cvib.i.  Thcfe  furnifli 
immcnlc  numbers  of  large  and  Sua  tur- 
tle. 

J  A  u  F  T I  o  M I ,  a  river  in  Louifiana  which 
runs  a  S.  E.  courl'e  ihd  empties  iiUO 
theMiflifippi  in  K*  Int.  .■59"  15'about  16 
miles  fi)uth  of  the  mouth  of  Fnbiani  riv- 
er, and  13  N.  of  that  of  Oahaha  river. 

jAY^a  townrtjip  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty, DirtriiTb  of  Maine,  lately  incorporut- 
fd ;  and  thus  named  in  honour  of  John 
Jay,  governor  of  the  State  of  New- York. 

Jay's  raiUy,  a  fettlement  in  the 
tov/n  of  Kattfkill,  State  of  New-York^, 
formerly  called  Minor  Kill.  This  name 
was  changed  in  honour  of  the  prcicnt 
governor  of  New-York. 

Jayn  A,  a  canton,. parifil and  river  on 
the- fouth  fide  of  the  ifland"  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. The  rivers  Nigua  and  Jayna 
are  about  4  leagues  apart ;  and  between 
them  lie*  an  extenlive  and  fertile  plain, 
whicK  was  originally  an  abundant  fource 
of  riches  tc*  the  colonifts.  The  cyian- 
tity  of  pure  gold,  that  was  dug  from 
its  cavities,  its  fugar,  cocoa,  indigo,  and 
other  plantations  paid  duties  to  a  great- 
er amount  than  thofe  now  paid  fey  all 
the  Spanifli  part  of  the  iHand  put  to- 
gether. It  was  ih  this  tenitory,  and 
on  the  river  Jayna,  that  the  famous  lurnp 
of  gold  was  found,  which  the  Spanif't 
writers  fay  weighed  3,600  Spaniln  dol- 
Jarvs;  without  mentioning  many  others 
of  a  remarkable  fixe.  The  fettlements 
Gamboa,  Giiayabal,  Bonaventura  and 
Cagnabola,  which  lalV  was  formerly  call- 
ed the  Whale,  are  very  inconliderable : 
the  whole  employment  of  the  people  is 
breeding  of  cattle,  or,  the  wafliing  of 
goldfand.  Indigo  grows  wild  here.  The 
river  Jayna  is  not  tordable  ;  it  is  crofled 
iii  canoes  and  flcins  at  ajo  fathoms 
From  its  mouth;  and, the  animals  are 
obliged  to  fwini  acroft.  it.  The  coaft 
lyinfj  between  Jayna  arid  St.  Domingo 
15  ot  rock,  almoll  petoendicular,  in 
jjeneral  from  6  to  15  feet  nigh.  Oppo- 
ilu  tliis  coaft  ars  a  number  cf  fhoals, 


J  E  F" 

(iach  of  about  40  Tithoms  wide,  "f Oi 
wards  the  fohrce  of  this  river  were  thd 
celebrated  gold  mines  of  St.  Ghrifto- 
phci's,  near  which  edumbus  c-redcd 
the  fort  of  that  name.  There  are  alfo 
rich  (liver  mines  on  this  river,  i'he  el- 
tablifliments  in  the  plain  of  St.  Ilollv 
and  thofe  on  the  Jiiyna  ougljt  to  be 
looked  upon  as  deix*ndiiig  on  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo.  Thty  are  reckwnetP 
to  contain  2,000  pcrfons ;  tor  the  molt 
part  people  of  colour,  free  aiwi  Have"'. 

Jean  R.vskl,  a  tawn  on  the  N.  W» 
part  of  the  north  pcninfula  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  in  19"  55'  N.  lat.  and 
in  75"  42'  W.  long.  fVoni  Paris.  It  is 
4  leagues  eafl  of  the  Molt-,  and  la  welt 
of  Cape  trancois.'  Jican  Habel  Point 
forms  ths  anchorage  of  that  name, 
which  is  good,  fafe,  and  eafy  to  fetch. 
You  can  anchor  in  1  r  fathoms.  You 
may  go  fhrtlier  in  as  Far  as  8  fathoms  ; 
but  it  is  not  faie,  as  the  water  ilioals  iud- 
denly,  and  the  ground  is  not  io^  clean 
inlidii..  The  Debarcadaire,  or  landing;, 
place,  18  a  very  good  one,,  even  if  there 
fhould  be  a  fwell ;  it  is  under  the  fortj. 
which  is  exceedingly  well  placed,  and 
makes  it  a- very  good  retreat  from  an  en- 
emy. The  grounds  hold  well,  and  the 
only  winds  to  fear  are  tlie  N.  and  N- 
W. 

Jefperso.v,  Fort^  in  the  N.  "W. 
Territory,  is  fituated  on  a  fmall  ftreanv 
whicii  falls  into  the  Great  Mi<imi ;  con-- 
tains  about  100  men ;  at  miles  nortlv 
of  Fort  St.  eJair.    N.  lat.  40"  4'. 

JEFFERSON, a  fort  on  the  eafl  bank  of 
the  Miffiiippi,  in  Kentucky,  near  thc- 
Ibe  of  the  State  of  Tenneflee. 

JjF.FFf.RscN,  a  town  of  Virginia,  fitu- 
ated on  the  north  fide  of  Roanoke  river, 
19  miles  below  the  Oeconeachey  Ifl. 
ands.  N.lat.  36"  32'. 

Jefferson,  a  county  of  Kentucky,, 
botuided  north  ahd  welt  by  Ohio  river, 
fouth  bv  Nellbn  county,  and  S.E.  and 
E.  by  Slielby.  It  contains  4,565  inhab- 
,  itants ;  of  whom  876  are  flavcs.  Chief 
town,Louifville,  at  the  Rapids  of  the  O- 
hio.  DrlnnatCs  Lick,  in  this  county, 
lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Kentucky  riv- 
er, about  15  miles  from  its  mouth ;  and 
is  feparated  from  the  famous  medtcinai 
fpring  by  a  fmall  rivulet. 

jBj-FERsoN,  a  county  In  TeanefTee, 
and  in  Hamilton  diflricf,  which  con- 
tained by  the  State  cenfus  of  1795, 
7,840  inhabitants,  of  whom  776  w^rc- 
flaves.. 

Jeffrey's 


*•■ 


JE  t 


JOH 


JlFFiBV'i  LCDOE,  afand-b»nk  off 
itiie  coaft  of  New-Enuland,  between 
Cape  Ann  and  Cafco  lUy,  cMcndinfi 
irom  the  north-taftward  to  the  limth- 
wc  ft  ward ;  between  4?"  40',  and  4.1°  37' 
jo"  N.  Lit.  and  between  68"  j  a'  30"  and 
t^o  45' W.  long. 

JekvlSound,  indie  mouth  of  the 
river  Alatamahai  in  Georgia,  which  will 
afford  fafc  riding  for  u  piozen  ihips  oi 
40  guns. 

Jbnkintown,  a  village  in  Mont- 
gomery counr>^,  Pennfylvania,  10  miles 
iiordi  of  Piiiladplphiu. 

Jenuchshadeca,  an  Indian  village 
in  Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  the  W.bank 
of  Alloghany  river,  8  ixules  S.  S.  W. 
from  that  of  Teuflunuflilbng-goglita, 
and  14  S.  £.  h-ota  ti\c  outJet  of  (Jiia- 
taughcjue  Lake. 

JERtMiE,  a  jurildiftioix,  town,  and 
cape,  within  t^^o  bite  or  bay  of  Leogane, 
and  on  the  ibuthcrn  pcninl'iJa  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  iit,  Doniii>go.  This  is  die  weft- 
ernnjofl:  jurifdi<2ion  of  the  ifland,  con- 
tains  1  parifhesj  and  is  celebrated  tor  the 
fixcelltncy  of  us  foil,  but  particularly 
for  the  £ulture  of  coffee,  its  exports 
from  Jan.  1,  17^9,10  Dec.  31,  of  die 
fame  year  were  as  follow  :  1,410  lb. 
white  lugar — 247,760  lb.  blown  fugar — 
5,440,6461b.  coflce — .54, 786  lb.  cotton 
—598  lb.  indigo  ;  and  vaiious  articles 
to  the  value  of  197  livres.  The  expor- 
tation duty  on  thele  produdions  amoun- 
ted to  Ij,3i8  dollars  6  cents.  'I'he 
town  ftands  on  the  wi"^  (ids  oi  the  bay 
and  at  the  mouth  of  a  brook,  a  league 
S.  by  W.  of  Point  Jcremie,  11  due  N. 
of  Poit  a  Piment  oa  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  pcninfula,  and  nearly  8  leagues  caft 
of  Cape  Dame  Marie.  Point  Jeremic 
lies  in  oorUi  lat.  18"  42'  30",  W.  long, 
from  Paris  76°  3  a'. 

Jeremysqiuam,  an  ifland  in  IJncoln 
county,  Diftrj(ft  of  Maine,  which,  with 
Folly  Ifland,  form  the  mouth  of  Shctpf- 
cott  river  in  Wifcaflct  Bay. 

Jerico,  a  lownlhip  in  Chittenden 
county,  Vermont,  liesS.E.  of  Eflcx, 
and  N.  E  of  WUlifton,  and  fcparatcd 
from  the  latter  by  Onion  river,  and  con- 
tains 381  inhiibitants. 

JEK1...0,  a  poll-town  of  New -York, 
fituatcd  in  Tioga  countv,  between  Chc- 
iicngo  river  and  the  caii  brancii  of  iiuf- 
qucnaajaah. 

JfeKOM,  Fort  St.  a  fort  on  the 
fouth  fjde  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
oa  the  fcaiide,  and  iieai  the  road  f'roja 


the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  and  in  the  can- 
ton of  Jayna.  It  is  no  more  than  a  for- 
tified redoubt  in  nmfonry  ;  but  it  is  coii< 
ftrudfed  with  art. 

Jersey  /■'/V/^,  a  fcttlcment  in  Nof, 
way  townfliip,  in  Ilcrkcnier  county^ 
New-York,  on  the  fouth-taltern  Cd£  of 
Canada  crack. 

JEMEV.     See  AVu'-7(»;'?y. 

Jerusalem,  a  townlhip  in  Ontario 
county,  New-York.  Of  its  inhabitanm, 
ii.?  are  cledors.  The  compadl  part  of 
it  forms  a  handi'omc  town*  fituated  on 
the  W.  fide  of  Seneca  I>;ike,  and  con- 
tains about  ^0  familijLiS,  tlie  followers  of 
Jemima  Wdkinfon.  It  is  30  miles  N. 
E.  by  N.  of  Bath,  and  16  S.  S.  W.  of 
Geneva. 

Jerusalem,  or  fufiks  Tonvn,  a  town 
of  Maryland,  fituated  in  Wamington 
county  on  Antietiim  creek,  about  at 
miles  S.W.ofElizabetli-Town.  It  con- 
tains about  JO  dwellings,  and  a  Ijennaa 
churi;h. 

Jerusalem,  Old,     See  Fa/Un  City. 

jERtJVO,  a  mountain  fituated  in  the 
valley  of  UrecJio,  in  Mexico  or  New- 
Spain,  io  a  great  curiofity.  Uefore  die 
year  1760,  ijiere  was  nothing  of  it  but 
a  fiiiall  hiJl,  where  there  was  a  fugar 
plantatioru  But  on  the  z^lh  of  Scptem- 
Dcr,  1760,  it  burft  wlih  furious  fliocks, 
and  tiitirely  ruined  the  fugar-works 
and  the  neighbouring  village  of  Guaca- 
na ;  and  from  thut  time  l:as  continued 
to  emit  fire  ai\d  burning  locks,  which 
have  formed  thcnifclves  into  3  high 
mountains,  whofe  circumference  was 
nearly  6  miles  in  1766.  'Ihcaflies  .at 
the  irruption  were  fouccd  to  the  diC- 
Unce  of  150  miles.  In  the  city  of  Vala- 
dolid,  60  miles  diflant,  it  rained  alhes 
in  fuch  abundance,  that  they  were  obli- 
ged to  fweep  the  yards  of  tneir  lioufcs 
two  or  three  times  during  the  dav. 

Jesus,  Isle  de,  a  fmall  ifland  lying 
8  degrees  due  nortli  of  the  New  He- 
brides Ifland,  and  14.S0  leagues  wefl  of 
the  coaft  oi'  Peru,  in  S.  lat  6°  ;c',  E. 
long,  from  Paris  165°,  difcovered  by 
Mendana  Jan-  icth,  1567,  inhabited  by 
ii.  copper  coloured  and  mulatto  xace  of 
niai. 

Jo!in,Bayouic  OKjST.alitdecrcek 
which  furniflies  a  very  eafy  communi- 
cation from  New-Orleans  to  Welt-Flo- 
rida. It  is  navigable  for  veflels  drawin;; 
about  4  feet  water  6  miles  up  from  t''.u 
lake  Ponchartrain,  where  theic  is  a 
Idudiiis  place,  at  wliich  vcffcls  load  an4 

unload ; 


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JOH 


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tinload ;  this  is  about  a  miles  from  the 
town.  The  entrance  of  the  Bayouk  of 
St.  John  is  defended  by  a  battery  of  j 
or  6  cannon.  There  are  fonne  planta- 
tions on  the  Bayouk,  and  on  the  road 
i'rom  thence  to  TTew-Orkans. 

John  oe  Frontibra,  St.  is  the 
chief  town^^f  the  province  of  Cuyo  in 
Peru. 

John's  Island,  in  South-Carolina, 
lies  S.  W.  of  Charlefton  harbour,  di- 
vided xrom  James'  Ifland  by  Stono  riv- 
er, which  forms  a  convenient  .rA  fafe 
harbour. 

John's  Coi-LBGE,  St. in  Maryland, 
is  fituaf^d  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  was 
inftituted  in  1784,  to  have  24  truftc^s, 
with  power  to  keep  up  the  fucceflion 
by  fupplying  vacancies,  and  to  receive 
an  rnnual  income  of  ;Cy,ooo.  It  has  a 
permanent  fund  of /;  1,750  a  year,  oiit 
of  the  monies  arifing  from  marriage  li- 
cenfes,  fines  and  forfeitures  on  the  Weft- 
em  Shore.  This  college,  with  Wash- 
ington college  at  Cheffertown,  confti- 
tute  one  univerfity,  named  *•  The  Uni- 
verfity  of  Maryland."  The  convoca- 
tion of  the  Univerfity  of  Maryland,  who 
are  to  i  ame  the  laws,  preferve  uniformi- 
ty of  manners  and  literature  in  the  col- 
leges, confer  the  higher  degrees,  deter- 
mme  appeals,  &c. 

John's,  St.  one  of  the  chief  towns 
of  Newfoundland  ifland,  fituated  on  the 
eaft  coaft,  6  miles  north-weft  of  Cape 
Spear,  and  18  fouth-eaft  of  Cape  St, 
Francis.  N.  lat.  47°  .^V,  W.  long._5a° 
ai'.  It  lies  on  the  bay  of  the  fame 
name.  Its  harbour  is  one  of  the  beft  in 
the  ifland,  and  has  from  10  to  17  fath- 
oms witer  up  tD King's  wharf,  which  is 
a  little  to  the  north-weft  of  the  Old  Fort, 
9t  the  bottom  of  the  town,  and  is  a  mile 
fi  qm  the  mouth  of  the  harbour.  A  mile 
furtlier  is  the  mouth  of  Caftor  river,  in 
which  diftance  there  is  from  14  to  4 
fathom;;  of  water .  On  the  fouth  fide  of 
this  river  is  Kino's  wharf,  an  hofpital, 
and  a  watering  place.  Near  thefe  are 
the  hills  called  th^  High  Lands  of  St. 
Jolin's.  N.  lat.  4-^  jz',  W.  long,  5^0 
at/. 

John's,  St.  a  bay  and  iHand'on  the 
weft  coaft  of  NewfoundUnd  ifland,  in 
tlic  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  ibmh- 
weft  end  of  the  ftraits  3t  Bcliifle. 

John's  Rivkr,  St.  in  Eaft-Florida 
fifes  in  or  near  a  large  fwnmp  in  the 
heart  of  Eaft-Florida,  and  purfucs  a 
northern  courfe,  in  a  broad  navigaWe 


ftream,  which  in  feveral  places  fbreada 
into  broad  bays  or  lakes ;  of  which  Lake 
George  is  the  chief.    Veflcls  that  draw 

9  or  10  feet  water,  may  navigate  fafely 
through  the  weft  channel  into  St.  John's 
river  as  far  as  Lake  George  ;  which  fee. 
The  bar  at  the  mouth  is  liable  to  fliift. 
It  is  loi  leagues  north  of  St.  Auguftine, 

John's  River,  I,(ttU  5/.  in  Weft- 
Florida,  falls  into  Apalache  Bay,  about 

10  miles  eaftward  of  Apalache  rive . 
It  is  faid  to  be  the  cleareft  and  pureft  of 
any  in  America,  is  about  loo  yards  bioad, 
and  about  35  or  to  feet  deep  1 1  the 
town  of  Talahafochcte.  The  fwamp 
called  Ouaquaphenogaw  is  faid  to  be  its 
Iburce,  which  is  100  miles  by  land  front 
Talahafochte,  and,  following  its  wind- 
ings, fi-om  the  fea  aoo  miles.  The  In- 
dians and  traders  lay  it  has  no  branches, 
or  tributaries,  which  fall  into  it  ;  but 
that  it  is  fed  by  great  fprings  which 
break  cut  througn  the  banks. 

JOHN'S,  St,  is  the  largeft  river  in  the 
Mritifli  province  of  New-Brunfwick. 
From  its  mouth  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
bay  of  Fundy,  to  its  main  fource  is  com- 
puted to  be  350  miles.  The  'Jde  flows 
80  or  90  miles  up  this  river.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  floops  of  50  tons  60  miles, 
and  for  boats  soo.  Its  general  courfe 
from  its  fource  is  E.  S.  E.  It  furnifties 
the  greateft  plenty  of  falmon,  bafs,  a^id 
fturgeon  ;  and  is  the  common  route  to 
Quebec.  About  a  mile  above  the  city 
of  St,  John's  is  the  only  entrance  into 
this  river.  It  Is  about  80  or  100  yards 
wide,  and  abont  400  yards  in  engtli ; 
called  the  falls  of  the  river.  It  being 
narrow,  and  a  ridge  of  rocks  runnin^^ 
acrofs  the  bottom  of  the  channel,  or. 
which  are  not  above  17  feet  of  water, 
it  is  not  flifficiently  fpacinus  to  difcharge 
th?  frefl^  waters  of  th»  river  above. 
The  common  tides  flowing  here  about 
20  feet,  the  waters  of  the  river,  at  low 
water,  are  about  u  feet  higher  than 
the  waters  of  the  fca  ;  at  high  water, 
tbv  v/aters  of  the  fea  arc  about  five  feet 
higher  than  thofe  of  the  river  ;  10  th;it 
in  every  tide  there  are  two  falls,  one 
outwards  and  one  inwards.  The  or'y 
time  of  paflling  with  fafcty  is  at  the 
time  when  the  waters  of  the  river  arc 
level  with  the  waters  of  the  fea,  which 
is  twic':'  in  a  tide,  and  continues  not 
more  than  ao  minutes  each  time.  At 
other  times  it  is  either  impafllible  or  ex- 
tremely dangerous  ;  rcfembling  the  paf^ 
fligt  of  Hdl  Gate  near  New-York.  The 

banks 


I'cr  in  the 
unfwick. 
de  of  the 
:e  is  com- 
.ide  flows 
It  is  nav- 
60  miles, 
ral  courfe 
furnilhes 
bafs,  aiid 
1  route  to 
:  the  city 
[nee  into 
00  yards 
ength  ; 
It  being 
.  running 
innel,  or. 
if  water, 
|difchargc 
r  above, 
re  about 
r,  at  low 
;her  than 
rh  water, 
five  feet 
1;  To  that 
[falls,  one 
he  on'y 
s  at  the 
river  are 
;a,  which 
inucs  not 
lime.     At 
lie  or  ex- 
,  the  paf- 
)rk.  The 
b.mks 


JO  H 

fcanks  6f  this  river,  enriched  by  the  an- 
nual frcfhets,  are  excellent  lanu.  About 
;^o  miles  from  its  mouth  commences  a 
fine  level  country  of  rich  intervale  and 
meadow  lards,  well  cloathedwith  timber 
and  wood,  fuch  as  pine,  beech,  elm,  ma- 
ple, and  walnut.  It  has  many  tributary 
llreams,  which  fall  into  it  on  each  fide, 
among  which  are  the  Oromotfto  river, 
by  which  the  Indians  have  a  communi- 
cation with  Palfamaquoddy ;  the  N;ilh- 
wach  and  Madamkifwick,  on  which  are 
rich  intervales  that  produce  all  kinds  of 
grain  in  the  higheft  perfeftion.  This 
noble  river,  in  its  numerous  and  extcn- 
five  branches,  waters  and  enriches  a 
large  traft  of  excellent  country,  a  great 
part  of  which  is  fettled  and  under  im- 
provement. The  up-lands,  in  general, 
are  covered  with  a  fine  growth  of  tim- 
ber, fuch  as  pine  and  fprucc,  hemlock 
and  hard  wood,  principally  beech, birch, 
piaple,  and  fome  afli.  The  pines  on  this 
river  are  the  larjgeft  to  be  met  with  in 
Britifli  America,  and  afirjrd  a  confider- 
able  fupply  of  marts,  fome  from  ao  to 
30  inches  in  diameter,  for  the  Britilh 
pavy. 

John's,  St.  one  of  the  Virgin  Ifl- 
ands,  about  iz  leagues  eaft  of  Porto 
Rico.  It  is  about  5  miles  long  and  i 
broad  ;  and  2  leagues  fouth  of  St.  Tho- 
mas. It  is  the  beft  watered  of  all  the 
Virgin  Ifles ;  and  its  harbour,  calledCrawl 
Bay,  is  reckoned  better  than  that  of  St. 
Thomas,  and  paflcs  for  the  beft  to  the 
leeward  of  An.'^ua.  There  is,  howev- 
er, littl'j  good  land  in  the  iHaiid  and  its 
exportations  an;  trifling. 

John's,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  near  the  northern  coaft 
of  Nova-Scotia,  to  which  government  it 
is  annexed.  I'  is  1x7  mues  in  length 
fr'/fo  N.  £'.  f<  S.  W.  The  medium 
breadth  is  lo  rwl**  ;  but  between  Rir h- 
niond  Bay  on  the  north,  and  Halifax 
Bay  on  the  fouth,  it  is  not  alx>ve  j,  nwiKis 
broad.  The  otJ;<T  bays  on  the  north 
fide  are  London  HarUnir.  Orand  Kaf- 
ticd,  and  St.  Peters ;  th  /(  or  the  fi^uth 
fide,  Egmont,IIalifiix,  and  HiliftK)rough. 
On  the  eaft  fide,  Three  Kiyer  Harbour, 
and  Mnrr,)y  Harbour.  It  has  feveral 
fine  rivers,  a  rich  foil,  and  is  pleafiintly 
fituatcd.  Its  capital  is  Chariotte-Town, 
the  refidencc  of  the  lieutenant-gover- 
nor, who  is  the  ciiitf  officer  cm  the  ifi- 
and.  The  number  of  inhabitants  are 
.eftimated  at  about  <f,oco.  Upon  the 
jredutUon  of  Cape  Breton  in  1745,  the 


J  O  H 

inhabitants  quietly  fubmitted  to  tie  Brit» 
ifh  arms.  While  the  French  pofFefTed 
this  ifland,  thev  improved  it  to  fo  much 
advantage,  as  that  it  was  called  the  gra- 
nary of  Canada,  which  it  furniftied  with 
great  plenty  of  corn,  as  well  as  beef  and 
pork.  When  taken,  it  had  10,000  head 
pf  black  cattle  upon  it,  and  feveral  of 
the  farmers  raifed  1 2,000  bufliels  of  corn 
annually.  Its  rivers  abound  with  ial- 
mon,  trout,  arid  eels,  and  the  funound- 
'"ng  fea  affords  plenty  of  P:drgeon,  plaice, 
and  moft  kinds  of  fliell-fifli.  The  ifland 
is  divided  into  3  counties,  viz.  King's, 
.Queen's,  and  Prince's  counties;  which 
arc  fubdivided  into  14  parii.res,  confift- 
.'  g  of  27  town/hips,  which  in  all  make 
i>3<>3>4oo  acres,  the  contents  of  the  id- 
and.  The  chief  towns,  befides  the  cap- 
ital, are  Georgetown,  Prince's-Town  ; 
befides  which  are  Hilllborough-Town, 
Pownal-Town,  Maryborough-Town, 
&c.  It  lies  between  45"  46',  and  47** 
ic'  N.  in.t.  and  between  44°  ai',  and 
46°  3 2' W.  long. 

John's,  St.  the  north-wefternmoft 
town  in  SufTex  county,  Delaware,  is 
fituated  at  the  head  of  the  middle  branch 
of  Nai  jcoke  river,  about  27  miles  N. 
E.  of  Vienna  in  Maryland,  and  22  S.  by 
W.  of  Dover. 

John's,  St.  a  town  and  fort  in  Low- 
er Canada,  fituated  on  the  w*ft  bank  of 
Sorel  river,  at  the  north  end  of  lake 
Champlain,  a  few  miles  fouthward  of 
Chamblee,  28  miles  fouthward  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  been  eftablilhed  as  the  fole 
port  of  entry  and  cleai  ance  for  all  good* 
miported  from  the  interior  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  into  Canada,  by  an  ordi- 
nance publifhed  by  the  executive  coun- 
cil of  Lower  Canada,  the  7th  of  July, 
1796.  It  is  115  miles  northward  of 
Ticonderoga,  and  was  taken  by  Gen- 
eral Montgomer/  in  Nov.  1775.  N. 
lat,  45°9'.  W.  ]'.  ng.  72'^  i8'. 

JOHN,  St.  a  ./e  in  Lower-Canada, 
which  receives  ■  "ers  fiom  everv  direc- 
tion, ^nd  fends  is  waters  through  Sagu- 
enai  river  into  tl  e  St.  Lawrence,  at  Ta- 
doufac.    It  is  ab.  lit  25  miles  each  way. 

John's  BERrLr:Y,ST.  a  parifli  of 
S.  C^  olinH,  in  Charlefton  diftrifSt,  con- 
taining ,912  inhabitants ;  of  whom  6?', 
are  whites,  and  5,170  are  (laves. 

John's,  St.  a  imall  ifland  in  the 
Weft-Indie?  belonging  to  Denmark, 
north  of  St.  Croix,  and  fouth  of  Torto- 
la,  to  v.'liich  lafl  it  is  very  near.  It  is 
noted  onl  y  for  its  fine  harbour,  which  is 

(aid 


t  J 


:4i 


,,*..--^ 


J  OH 


JON 


m . .  »: 


li 


faid  to  be  fuflicient  to  contain  in  fafety 
the  whole  Britifti  navy.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  fait  ponds,  which,  however,  are 
no  evidence  of  its  fertility. 

John's  Colleton,  St.  a  parifli  of 
8.  Carohna,  in  Charlcflon  diilriifl,  con- 
taining 5,31a  inhabitants ;  of  whom  j8j 
are  whites,  and  4,705  flavcs. 

John's,  St.  the  capital  (.f  the  ifland 
of  Antigua  in  the  Weil-Indies.  It  is  a 
yegiiLrly  buih  town,  uitJi  a  harbour  of 
tkg  hmt  name,  fituated  on  the  well 
ilkmcw^  on  the  nonh-caCt  (ide  of  Lol)- 
loBo  B*«^,  The  entrance  of  the  hai  bour 
is  defentsed  h\-  Fort  James.  This  town 
is  the  re(i<feace  of  tlie  governor  general 
of  the  lee*s*rd  Charaibe  Jilrinds,  and 
where  riae  aiScnibly  is  held,  and  the  port 
where  the  grtv^toft  trade  is  carried  on. 
ft  was  fo  flounrtiing  as  to  receive  a  lofs 
by  a  ftorm,  to  the  value  of  £^^00,000 
fterling.  N.  lat.  1 7°  4',  W.  long.  62°  4  - 
John,  St.  or  Juan  de  Porto  Rico,  the 
capiud  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  in 
the  Weft-Indies.     See  Porto  Rico. 

JOHNSBURy,  St.  a  townlhip  in  Cale- 
donia county,  in  Vermont,  bounded  S. 
W.  by  Danville,  and  has  143  inhabit- 
ants. 

Johnson  Fort,  in  S.  Carolina,  lies 
on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  James's  Ifland,  and 
fodth  of  the  city  of  Cliarlellon.  It 
ilands  at  the  entrance  of  tlic  liarbour, 
and  by  which  no  veflel  can  pafs  unlefs 
tlic  nufter  or  mate  make  oath  that  no 
liialignant  dillemper  is  on  board.  It  is 
guarded  by  10  men, 

Johnston  Fort,  or  Johnfon  Ftrt, 
in  N.  Carolina,  (lands  on  the  weftein 
bank  of  Cape  Feai  ire  oppafite  to  the 
illand  on  the  lea-coaft  whofe  foutliein 
point  is  Cape  Fear. 

JOHNSONbBOROUOH,a  poft>tOWn  of 

Ncw-Jcrf^y,  10  miles  •  om  i>ufll*  court- 
houfc. 

Johnson's  LANniMf.-Pi.ACE,  is  on 
O-voiigwongyeh  Creek,  about  4  ««iilcs 
eaftward  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Johnson,  a  county  of  N.  Carolin.i,  \» 
Newbern  diftrift,  baunded  S,  E.  by 
CJiaigow,  N.  by  Franklin  and  Wj.yiK' 
counties,  and  S.  by  Satnpfon.  It  con- 
tain-j  5634  inhabitants,  of  whom  13x9 
are  flavcs, 

JoHSofOWN,  a  poft-town  and  the 
capital  of  Montgomery  county,  N^i*. 
York,  lituated  on  the  N.  b.ink  of  Mo- 
hawk river,a4  miles  W  of  Schenc/trwly 
The  compact  part  of  if**^  town  is  a  liu*t 
back  fi'uai  tUg  river,  ^^aU  c««'.ala:  aUout 


70  houfes,  a  Prc{byterian  and  an  Epif- 
copal  church,  a  court-houfc  and  gaol. 
In  the  townihip  593  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  clcd^ors.  Caghnawaga  i$ 
a  parilhordillriift  of  JohnlVown  a6  miles 
above  Sclienedady  on  tlie  river.  Settlcf 
ments  have  been  made  here  for  about 
80  years.  Here  ftand  die  dwelling 
houie,  barn,  and  out-houfcs  (all  of  ilone) 
formerly  occupied  by  Sir  William  John- 
fon.  'I'his  fettleinent  was  moftly  de- 
ftroyed  by  the  Britilh  in  the  year  1780, 
who  were  joined  by  4  party  of  Indians 
and  others,  under  the  command  of  Sir 
William  Johnfcw.  In  this  aiftion  it  is 
aflerted,  that  Mir  William  evinced  4 
want  of  feeling  which  would  have  dif- 
graced  a  fivafje.  The  people  deftroyed 
in  this  expedition  were  his  old  neigh.r 
hours,  with  whom  he  had  formerly  liv- 
ed in  the  habits  of  friendfliip.  His  ef- 
tate  was  among  them  ;  and  the  inhabit- 
ants Iwd  always  eonlidered  him  as  their 
friend.  Thefe  unfortunate  people,  after 
feeing  their  houfes  and  property  con- 
fumed,  were  hurried,  fuch  as  could 
walk,  uito  cruel  captivity  j  thofe  who 
could  not,  ii:ll  vii.'^inis  to  the  tomahawk 
and  fcalping  knife. 

jo«  N sTON ,  a  townfhip  in  Providence 
county,  Rhode-Iiland,  wefterly  of  the 
town  of  Piovidcnce,  having  1310  in- 
habitants. 

JoHKsroN,  a  townfliip  in  Franklia 
counry,  tu  Vermont ;  it  contains  93  in- 
habitants. 

JoLv,  2  port  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Nova-. 
Scotia. 

Jotii Ar':  Sound,  the  reoft  northern 
inlet  on  ilie  wcllein  coafl:  of  Sir  Thomas 
Srriidi's  B<i  v,lying  near  the  arftic  circle, 
in  Irfvkude  '6°. 

JoKLs,  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Newbern  ilillri(5t,  bounded  N.  by  Cr»- 
ren.  Jr  contains  3141  free  inhabitants, 
and  1 68 1  llrtves.  It  is  well  watcjcd  by 
Trent  river,  and  its  tributary  fbcams. 
Chief  town,  Trenton. 

^'  Ml  jUorough,  a  poft-town,  and 
chief  town  of  Wafliington  diftiiifl  in 
TcnnefTee,  is  chf  feat  of  the  diftrict  and 
county  courts.  It  has  hut  few  houfes, 
living  been  but  lately  ellablilhed.  It 
is  #4  iniles  fion.  Grc£n\  illc,  101  from 
Knoxvaik,  4^  from  AUngdon  in  Vir- 
ginia, «m{  6i :  irooi  PhiLdolphia. 

JoNi':**ORouc.H,  the  clntf  town  of 
CanxU*  tyyunty  in  Fxlcnton  diftri(5f,  N. 
Carolina.  It  cunuins  a  court-houfg 
aud  ^  fcv.'  dii  ..Uaa-houfcs. 

JONE'fi.. 


alina,  ia 
by  Cra« 
l^bltants, 
Icrtd  by 
[{beams, 

,n,  and 
Iftridl  in 
\x[&  and 

houfe». 
^cd.  It 
)i  ivom 

in  Vii- 
lia. 
Itowii  of 

via,  N. 
[ii-houfa 


[ne'»- 


JoNB's-TOWtCjinPcnnfylvanla.  See 
t^illhtntjbur^. 
JoNBs,  Oape.     See  Lookout  Capf. 
JOJ<Bs's  Plantation,  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine,  was  incorjiorated  by  the 
name  of  Harlem,  in  February,  1796. 
It  is  19  miles  N.  E  of  Hallowell,  47 
fron\Powna!borouglbandai3  N.E.  by 
N.of  Doilon.  Itcontainsi6z  inhabitants- 
Jos  E  s's  Ford,  oi>  Brandywine  creek, 
is  5  or  6  miles  abm'e  Chad's   Ford,  in 
Pennfylvanis. 

JoppA,  a  fmalltown  in  Harford  coun- 
ty, Maryland,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  BaK 
timore,  and  81  S.  VV.  of  Philadelphia. 
Jordan's  iiicrr  paffes  through  Tren- 
toti,  in  the  Diftr'.^  of  'Maine,  8  miles 
from  ITnion  river. 

JoRK,  a  tillage  aiid  mountain  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  The  movmtain  is 
faid  to  be  the  higbeft  in  the  Cherokee 
country,  and  tiirough  which  the  Ten- 
neflce  river  forces  its  waters.  Tte  In- 
tiian  village,  called  Jore,  is  fituatcd  in  a 
beautiful  lawn,  many  thonfand  f(*fct  high- 
er than  the  adjacent  country.  Here  is 
a  little  grove  oi'die  Cadne  Yapon,  calfed 
by  the  Indians  the  beloved  tree.  They 
are  very  careful  V)  keep  this  tree  prur.ed 
and  cultivated,  and  drink  very  llrong 
hifuflon  of  the  leaves,  buds,  anid  tender 
branches  of  this  plant.  It  is  venerated 
bv  the  Creeks,  and  all  the  foutbcrn  mari- 
time nations  of  Indians. 

Joseph,  La«k  St.  in  N.America, 
Hes  E.  of  Lake  Sal,  and  lends  i;s  wacers 
by  Cut  Lake  river  into  Cat  Lake,  and 
and  afterwards  forms  the  S.  E.  branch  of 
Severn  river.  The  lake  is  35  mile*^  long 
and  15  broad,.  Ofnaburg  Honfc  is  on 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  lake  ,  which  fee. 
Joseph,  Jlet  a  Pierre,  a  village  on 
the  wefVernn)oft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo  ;  rbout  3  leagues  N.  W.  of 
the  village  of  Tibur.  n. 

Joeph's,St.  in  the  province  of  Cali- 
t'lrnia,  in  Mexico,  N.  Ani^rica.    N.  iat. 

*■).'•  - 

Joseph's  Bay,  St.  or.  t.v  coaft  of 

Weft-Florida,  is  of  the  iigure  of  >  horfe 

flioe,  being  about  iz  milts  in  i^'^x\&, 

and  7  acrofs  where  broadeft.    The  uar 

is  narrow,  ai.i  immediately  within  it 

there  is  from    4  to  6J  fathoms   loft 

j-round.    The  beft  place  to  anchor,  is 

juit  within  the  peninfida,  oppotite  to 

Jome  ruins  that  ftill  remain  of  the  vil- 

'  "'-■  of  St.  Jofeph.    The  pcninfula  be- 

'•'.  St.  Jofoph's  and  Cape  Biaize  is  a 

jw  llip  of  latid,  is  fomc  places  r;ot 


above  a  quarter  of  a  mile  bfoarf."  Ik 
very  good  cftablifhrocnt  might  be  made 
here  tor  a  filhcry,  as  the  fettlers  might 
make  fait  on  the  fpot  to  cure  the  btti*s» 
rock,  cod,  grouper,  red  mullet,  8cc.  which 
are  here  in  abundance. 

Joseph,  St.  a  water  which  runs  N* 
W.into  the  S.E.  part  of  Lake  Mich:- 

;;an.  It  fi^rings  from  a  number  of  fmall 
ake?,  :t  Httle  to  the  N.  W.  of  the  Mi- 
ami village.  The  Pawtewatamie  In- 
dians refde  on  this  river,  oppoiitc  Forf 
St.  Jofeph.  They  can  raile  aoo  war- 
riors. At  or  near  the  confluenccof  thff 
rivers  St.  Mary's  and  St.  Jofeph's,  whcro 
Fort  Wayne  now  ilands,  the  Indians 
have  ceded  to  the. United  States  a  tradt 
of  6  miles  i'quare. 

Joseph,  Fort  St.  h  lituatcd!  on  the 
caftctn  fide  of  the  above  river  in  N.  Iat. 
4*°  14',  W.  long.  86"  10'.  It  is  about 
1 75  mile?  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  to 
which  place  there  is  a  ftraight  road. 

Joseph,  St.  a  port  on  the  W. fide  of 
the  ifljmd  of  Trinidad,  near  the  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma. 

Juan,  St.  the  capital  of  California  la 
N.  America.    N,kit.  36"  a?',  W.long. 

JuA\,  Fort  St.  ftands  in  the  province 
of  New  f>con,  in  N.  Am;  a,  on  the 
S.  Wr  i'ldc  of  the  Rio  Bravo,  m  the  a9th 
degree  of  N.  latitude  and  loift  of  W. 
longitude. 

Juan  »E  la  FrontirajSt. atowit 
of  Chili  in  S.  America.  In  its  neigh- 
bourhood are  g^ild  mines.  S.  Iat.  33* 
a.?',  W.  long.  68=*  55'. 

Juan  DEl'ORT6Kico.See/'(?r?o/?/V(7, 

JuamdeFuca,  Ef!traweo/\  See  Fuco. 

JuAM  Fernandes,  an  ifland  in  the 
South  Pacific^ ocean,  38  leagues  caft- 
ward  of  the  ilTand  of  MafTatucro,  and 
390  weft  of  the  continent.  S.  Iat.  33" 
31',  W.  long.  79*^  50' from  Greenwich. 
It  is  fuppofcd  to  have  been  inhabited  by 
a  Spaniard,  \v!v)<'e  name  it  retains  ;  al- 
though it  was  ;  g  abandoned  by  him 
and  his  nation  ;  i/.»  is  more  remarkable 
for  having  been  the  refidence  of  Alex- 
ander Selkirk,  a  Scotchman,  whofe  life 
and  adventures  furnilhed  De  Foe  with 
the  ground-work  of  that  admirable  novel 
Rubmfon  Ciufoe.  The  haibour  lies  in 
Cun.b'  f'  )J  Uay,  on  the  north  fide  oi' 
the  ifl.ind.  SiACC  the  fhip  Columbia 
was  there,  no  fot'igners  are  allowed  to 
anchor  in  the  To,d.  A'.ijfa  Faero  IjLi'id 
lies  13  le;igu':->  W.  b  '  S.  of  thi.^  iiland..- 
Juaa  I'crauaJcs,  which  is  repreft^ntcd  as 

an 


■^*-' 


;?  i 


It 


:,      I'mII 


!>;  1 


: i  ■  '■'  m 


i;  hi, 


It  A  A 

an  earthly  parafdlfe,  furnlllied  refrefh- 
ment  to  Lord  Anfon's  fquadron  in  his 
voyage  round  the  world.  Its  greateft 
lepgdn  is ;  leagues  y  its  breadth  Icfs  than 
two. ,  On  the  fouth-wc^  is  a  frhall  ifle 
called  Goai  IJIaiid,  and  a:  rock  called 
Monktj  Key,  almofl  Contiguous  to  it. 
On  tlie  north  lide  are  three  bays  ;  but 
the  middlemoft  called  Cumberland  Bay, 
■where  Commodore  Anfort  anchored 
with  his  fliips,  is  the  beft.  'i'hefe  bays, 
and  the  whole  coaft  abound  with  great 
variety  of  fidi  iii  abundance.  Admiral 
Anfon  fowcd  here  a  great  variety  of 
vegetables,  and  planted  plum,  apricot 
and  peach  ftoncs,  which  tlie  Spaniards 
fay  arc  now  thrivine  trees. 

JuCATAN.     See  fucatatij 

Judith,  Point,  the  fouth-eaftern- 
moft  point  of  Rhode-Illand  State,  fitua- 
ted  on  the  fea-c'oaft  of  Wafhinjgton 
county,  in  South-Kingfton  townflup. 

JUDOSA  Bay, in  Louifiana,  lies  in  the 
N.  W.  corner  of  tlie  gulf  of  Mexico. 
A  chain  of  iflands  form  a;  communica- 
tion between  it  fouth-weftward  to  St. 
Bernard's  Bay. 

Julian,  St.  a  harbour  on  the  coaft 
ofPatagDriia,  in  South-Americia,  where 
Ihipw  bound  tO'  the  Pacific  ocean  ulually 
touch  for  refrefhment.  S.  lat.  4&*  51% 
W.  long.  65°  ic'. 

Julienne.     See  Neybe. 

Juliet,  Mount,  in  North-America, 
lies  on  the  north  lide  of  Illinois  river, 
oppofite  the  place  where  tliat  river  is 
farmed  by  the  jundion  of  Theakiki  and 
Plein  rivers.  The  middle  of  Mount  Ju- 
liet is  in  N.  lat.  4*°  j',   W.  long.  88** 

44'. 

Jumping  Point.  See  NaveJinR  Har- 
lour. 

Junius,  a  military  townthip  in  New- 
York  State,  bounded  north  by  Gulen, 
8iid  ibuth  by  Romulus. 

Junius  Creek,  a  northern  branch 
of  the  Little  Kanhaway,  which  inter- 
locks with  the  weftern  waters  of  Mo- 
nongahela  river ;  and  wliich  may  onf 
day  admit  a  rtiorter  paflage  from  tlit 
latter  into  tlie  Ohio.  See  Little  ^gtiha- 
*way. 

juRUYO.    See  Mexico. 

K 

KAATS*  Baan,  in  Ncw-YoK  State, 
lies  on  tlie  weil  bank  ot  H    Ton's 
river,  7   miles  fouthcrly  from  xaats* 
Kill,  and  1 1  N.  E.  by  N.  from  Elbpus, 
KAATi*  Kill,  ov  CatJhUy  a  fmil 


IC  A^ 

village  of  30  or  40  houfes  and  ftoreSfiflf 
the  State  of  New- York,  fituated  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  about  100 
rods  from  its  bank ;  i  miles  fouth  of 
^ludlbn  city,  and  i%$  north  of  New- 
York.  It  has  the  api  earance  of  a  thriv- 
ing phce,  and  it  is  in  contemplation  to 
ereft  buildings  on  a  marfhy  point,  on 
the  margin  ot  the  river,  for  the  advan- 
tage of  deeper  water.  The  creek  on 
<vliich  the  llores  now  ftand  being  too 
(hallow.  The  townfliip  of  tliis  name 
contains  1,980  inhabitants,  of  whom 
343  are  eledors,  and  305  flaVes. 

Kaats''  ^iLL,  a  creek  on  which 
ftands  the  above  townv 

Kaats'  K?ll  Moutitdinsy  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  above  town  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  whi(;h  make  a 
mnjeftic  appearance.  Thefe  are  the 
firtt  part  of  the  chain  of  mountains  call- 
ed the  Alleghany,  or  Appalachian 
mountains.- 

Kahnonwolohale,-  the  principal 
village  of  the  Oneida  Indians,  in  which 
is  Oneida  Caftle,  about  to  miles  fouth  of 
weft  from  Whiteftown,  and  la  weft  of 
PariSd'  There  is  but  one  framed  houl'e 
in  this  villagfe.  Their  habitations  are 
but  a  fmall  improvement  upon  the  an- 
cient 'wie.'wains  ji  and  are  fcattered 
fparfely  throughout  ao  enclofure  of  fev- 
eral  miles  in  circumference,  within 
which  they  keep  their  cattle,  liorfes, 
and  fwine,  and  without^  plant  thdr  corn 
and  fow  their  grains 

Kahokiav    See  Catokiaf 

Kamtsckatka  Sea  lies  between 
the  continents  ut  Afia  and  America.  In 
6fi°  N  lat.  they  are  feparated  by  a  itrait 
only  18  miles  wide.  Captain  Cook,  in 
his  laft  voyage,  has  eftabliflied  the  cer- 
tainty of  this  near  approximation  of  the 
continents,  beyond  a  doubt ;  and  that 
the  inhabitants  of  each  continent  are 
fimilar,  and  frequently  pafs  and  repals 
in  canoes  from  one  continent  to  the  oth- 
er. From  thefe  ar<d  other  circumftanccs 
it  in  rendei'd  highly  probable  that 
America  \^  as  tirft  peopled  from  the  N. 
E.  parts  of  Afia.  But  .inci.  the  Efqui- 
maux  Indians  are  inanifeftly  a  feparai 
fpecies  of  men,,  and  bcHi  a  near  refen;- 
blancc  to  the  northern  Europeans,  it  o 
believed  that  tlie  Efcuimaux  Indian 
emigrated  fi'Om  the  no/ih-weft  parts  of 
Europe. 

Kan  AW  A,  or  Kanhanua,  a  large 
mountainous  county  on  the  weftern  iin<; 
ol  V'rginia,  haying  the  Ohio  river  ou 

the 


■esfifl 
•n  the 

t   lOO 

uth  of 
New- 
thriv- 
tion  to 
int,  on 
advan- 
:ek  on 
ng  too 
i  name 
whom 

which 

I  the  vi- 
le  weft 
make  a 
are  the 
lins  call- 
alachian 

principal 
m  which 
i  fouth  of 
4  weft  of 
led  houl'e 
Ltions  are 
»n  the  an- 
fcattereJ 
re  of  fey - 
,   within 
;,  horfes, 
■heir  corn 


hetWeen 
kcrica.   In 
[by  a  itrait 
Cook,  in 
the  cer- 
tion  of  the 
and  that 
tinent  are 
Lnd  repals 
Jlo  the  oth- 
lumftancis 
Tabic   that 
\m  the  N. 
the  Efqui- 
[afeparat 
ear  refen;- 
l)cans,  ii  '> 
Indian 
parts  ot 

a   lar«-- 
leftein  lin'' 
|o  river  oa 
the 


the  north-weft,  and  Kentucky  Weft. 
The  population  of  this  county  is  includ- 
ed in  Green  Briar,  being  6,015  inhabit- 
ants, including  310  flaves.  About  7 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  Elk  river  in  this 
county,  is  a  burning  fpring,  capacious 
enough  to  hold  40  gallons.  A  bitumi- 
nous vapour  conftantly  ifliies  from  it, 
which  agitating  the  fand  around  it,  gives 
it  the  appearance  of  a  boiling  fpring. 
On  prefenting  a  torch  within  18  or  20 
inches  of  the  mouth,  it  flames  up  in  a 
column,  4  or  5  feet  in  height,  and  about 
48  inches  diameter,  and  which  fome- 
times  burns  20  minutes,  and  at  other 
times  has  continued  3  days.  General 
Clarke  kindled  tlie  vapour,  ftaid  about 
an  hour,  and  left  it  burning. 

Kan  AW  AGE  RES,  an  Indian  village 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Genellee  river,  4 
miles  weft-foutb-wcft  of  Hartford  in  the 
Geneflee  country  in  New- York. 

KANHAWAV,GREAT,ariver  of  Vir 
ginia  of  confiderable  note  for  the  fertil- 
ity of  its  lands,  and  ftill  more  as  leading 
towards  the  head  waters  of  James's  riv- 
er.  But  it  is  doubtful  whether  its  great 
and  numerous  rapids  wih  admit  a  navi- 
gation, but  at  an  expenfc  to  which  it 
will  require  ages  to  render  its  inhabit- 
ants equal.  The  great  obftacles  begin 
at  what  are  called  the  Great  Falls,  90 
miles  above  the  mouth,  below  which  are 
only  5  or  6  rapids,  and  thefe  paflable 
with  fome  difficulty  even  at  low  water. 
From  the  falls  to  the  mouth  of  Green 
Briar  is  100  miles^  It  is  280  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth.  The  head  waters  of  this 
river  are  in  the  weftern  part  of  Nordh- 
Carolina,  in  the  moft  cafterly  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  or  Appalachian  moun- 
tains, and  fouth  of  the  36th  degree  of 
latitude.  Its  head  branches  encircle 
thofe  of  the  Holfton,  from  which  they 
are  fcparated  by  the  Iron  Mountain, 
through  which  it  pafTcs  10  miles  above 
lie  leail  mines.  Abuut  60  miles  from 
Li'^tle  river  it  receives  Green  Briar  nvcr 
(4om  tiio  enft,  which  is  the  only  confid- 
cr  i>lc  tributary  ftream  in  all  that  dif- 
tance.  About  40  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  Green  Briar  river,  in  Virginia, 
in  the  Kanhaway,  is  a  remarkable  cata- 
rit\.  A  large  rock,  a  little  elevated  in 
the  middle,  cr(  ics  the  bed  of  the  river, 
over  which  the  water  fhoots,  and  falls 
abi  It  JO  feet  pernendicularly,  cK^^ept  at 
one  fide  where  tho  dcli'.ent  is  more 
gradual.  The  great  Kanhaway  is  196 
Miika  bcl'W  Pitttburg,  and  is  navigable 
T 


K  A  9 

moft  of  Ae  year ;  and  a  waggon  road 
may  be  made  through  the  mountain, 
which  occafions  the  falls,  and  by  a  port- 
age of  a  few  miles  only,  a  communica- 
tion may  be  had  between  the  waters  of 
Great  KanhaVvay  and  Ohio,  and  thofe 
of  James's  river  in  Virginia.  Down  this 
river  great  quantities  of  goods  are  con- 
veyed up  the  Kentucky  river,  others  on 
horfeback  or  in  waggons  to  the  fettled 
part,  and  fold  on  an  average,  at  100 
per  cent,  advance.  See  Sulphur  Sprinr. 
Kan  H  AWAY,  LiTTLE,afmall  naviga- 
ble river  of  Virginia,  which  is  150  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth,  and  is  navigable 
10  miles  only.  Perhaps  its  northerly 
brancli,  called  Junius  Creek,  which  in- 
terlocks with  the  weftern  waters  of 
MonoDgahela,  may  one  day  admit  a 
fhorter  palTage  from  tlie  latter  into  the 
Ohio. 

Kappas,  a  tribe  of  Illinois  Indians, 
in  Louifiana  :  they  lie  a  little  above  tlie 
Sothouis.  Thii  nation  was  formerly 
very  numerous  before  the  difcovery  of 
the  MifTiflppi.  The  country  they  in- 
habit has  good  pafturage. 

Kappas  Old  Fort,  in  Louifiana,  ftands 
on  the  MifTifippi,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  St.  Francis.  It  was  huilt  by  tlie 
French  principally  for  a  magazine  of 
ftores  and  provini^iis,  during  the  wars 
\yith  the  Chicafawi ;  by  whom  their  Il- 
linois convoys  were  conftantly  attacked 
and  frequently  deftroyed. 

Karatunk,  or  Caryhink,  a  planta- 
tion in  Lincoln  county,  DiftricTt  of 
Maine,  confining  of  about  ao  families  or 
103  inhabitant*.  It  is  the  uppermoft  on 
Kennebeck  river,  14  uui':s  north  of 
Brookfield. 

Kaskaskias  Villagf  lies  on  the  S. 
W.  bank  of  the  river  of  the  l.imc  name, 
a  water  of  the  MifTifippi,  in  tne  N.  W. 
Territory,  oppofite  Old  Fort,  and  i* 
miles  fi-om  the  moutli  of  the  river,  but 
not  half  that  diflance  from  tlic  Miififip- 
pi.  It  contains  80  houfes,  many  of  tliem 
well  built;  feveial  of  ftone,  vn  .  gar- 
dens, and  large  lots  adjoining.  About 
20  years  ago  it  contained  about  500 
v/hitcs,  and  botween  4  and  500  negroes. 
The  former  hive  large  flocks  of  black 
cattle,  fwine,  8cc. 

Kaskaskias,  an  Indian  nation  near 
the  river  of  their  name  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory.  They  can  furnilh  a^owai- 
viors.  Three  miles  northerly  of  Kaf- 
kafldas  is  a  vilbgc  of  Illinois  Indians,  of 
the  Kaflcaflviai  tribe,  containing  about 


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flto  perfons,  and  60  warriors.  They 
were  formerly  brave  and  warlike,  but 
are  now  degenerated  and  debauched. 
At  the  late  peace,  the  United  States 
granted  them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand, 
and  became  bound  to  pay  them  500 
dollars  a  year  forever. 

Kaskaskias,  a  river  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory  whieh  is  navigable  for  boate 
X3C  miles.  Its  courfc  is  S.  S.  W.  and 
near  its  mouth  k  turns  to  the  S.  S.  E. 
and  flows  into  the  Milfifippi  river  84 
miles  from  d)e  Illinois.  It  runs  through 
a  rich  country,  abounding  in  extenfivc 
natural  meadows,  and  n«niberlefs  herds 
of  bufFaloe,  deer,  Sec.  High  grounds 
fie  along  the  eaft  fide  of  the  river,  the 
banks  being  compofed  of  lime-ftone 
and  free-ftonc,  and  are  from  100  to  130 
feet  high,  divided  in  many  places  by 
deep  cavities,  through  which  many 
fmall  rivulets  pafs  before  they  fall  into 
the  MifTifippi-  The  fides  of  thefe  hills, 
fronting  the  river,  are  in  many  places 
perpendicular,  and  appear  like  iblid 
pieces  of  mafonry,  of  various  colours, 
ngures,  and  fizes. 

Kaskask-unk,  a  town  of  the  Dela- 
wares,  between  Great  Beaver  creek  and 
Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylvania.  Here 
the  Moravian  mifTionaries  had  a  feide- 
ment.    It  is  40  miles  north  of  Pittfliurg. 

Kaskinompa,  a  fmall  river  whiai 
runs  weft,  into  the  Miflifippi  from  the 
State  of  Tenncflee,  in  N.  lat.  36°  28'. 
On  the  north  fide  of  its  mouth  is  an  iron 
mine.    See  Rsclfcvt.. 

Katers  Kill,  a  wcftern  branch 
of  Kaats'  Kill,  in  New-York  State. 

Kathtippacamunck,  an  Indian 
village  fituated  on  the  north  fide  of  Wa- 
bafh  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Rippaoanoe 
creek, ind  about  20  miles  above  the  Low- 
er Weau  towns.  In  1791,  before  its  de- 
ftrudtion  by  Generals  Scott  and  Wilkin- 
fon,  it  contained  120  houfes,  80  of  which 
vere  fhingle  roofed.  The  belt  houfes 
belonged  to  the  French  traders.  The 
gardens  and  improvements  round  were 
delightful.  There  was  a  tavern  with 
cellars,  bar,  public  and  private  rooms ; 
and  the  whole  marked  no  fmall  degree 
f>f  order  and  civilization. 

Kav^akusic  a,  or  Kowfiiki^  » 'ike  in 
the  Diflritft  of  Maine,  laid  down  m  late 
maps  as  the  head  of  PafTamaquoddy  riv- 
er.   N.  lat.  46''  3'. 

Kavadarossora  Creek, in  New- 
York  State,  about  14  miles  weft  of  the 
COfliiaensc  of  Filh-cicsk  aad  Hudion's 


river.  The  celebrated  fprings  of  Sara* 
toga,  8  or  9  in  number,  are  fituated  on 
the  margin  of  amarfli  formed  by  abranch 
of  this  creek.  See  Saratoga.  Alfothe 
name  of  a  traft  of  land  in  Saratoga  coun- 
ty, New-York,  bounded  by  the  town  of 
Schene£lady. 

Kay's  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  America,  lies  in  north  lat.  ^9°  49'i 
eaft  long.  ai6°  58'.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood of  this  ifland,  Captain  Cook  dif- 
covered  feveral  other  iflands. 

Keine,  a  poft-to'jvn  of  New-Hamp- 
fhircy  and  one  of  the  moft  jflourilhing  m 
Chelhire  county.  It  was  incorporated 
i"  17531  and  contained  in  1775,  756 
and  in  1790,  i»3i4  inhabitants.  It  is  14 
miles  from  "if  alpole,  96  weft  of  Portf- 
mouth,  and  'i6  N.  W.  from  Bofton.  M. 
lat. 


41°  53' 


Keli7sburgh,  a  townfliip  in  Chit- 
tenden county,  Vermont,  at  the  head 
of  the  north  branch  of  La  Moille  river. 

Kenapacomaq^ua,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage on  the  north  bank  of  Eel  river,  a. 
branch  of  the  Wabafli.    See  Langui//e, 

Kendrick's  lyianii forms  the  weft 
fide  of  Nootka  Sound,  into  which  you 
may  enter  from  the  weft  by  MalTachu- 
fetts  Sound,  along  the  nordiern  fide  oS 
the  ifland. 

Kbnnbfkck',  next  to  Pcnobfcot  is- 
the  fineft  liver  in  the  Diftri<5t  of  M*ine. 
Three  miles  from  the  Chops,  Swan  Ifl- 
and, 7  miles  long,  divides  the  waters  of 
the  river.  The  waters  on  both  lides  of 
it  are  navigable ;  but  the  channel  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  it  is  moftly  ufed.  Thirty- 
eight  miles  from  the  fea  is  the  ifland 
Nahunkeag,  which  fignifies  the  land 
where  eels  arc  taken.  Within  3  miles 
of  this  ifland,  a  fmall  river  coming  well 
from  ponds  which  are  in  the  town  of 
Winthrop,  runs  into  the  Kcnnebeck, 
and  is  known  by  the  name  of  Cobbefe- 
cortc,  called  by  the  Indians  CobbifTe- 
conteag,  which  in  their  language  figni- 
fies the  place  where  fturgeon  are  taken. 
Six  miles  further  up  the  river  we  find 
the  head  ofthcnavi  Hie  waters.  This 
is  a  baibn  46  ■11'':'^  .  -he  fea,  and  ve- 
ry commodiouf  for  the  anchoring  of 
veiTels.  On  the  eaft  bank  oftheunall 
fall  which  terminates  the  navigation  of 
the  Ke-inebeck,  is  Fort  Weftern,  which 
was  ere  cd  in  the  vtar  17?  j.  From 
that  fori  to  Taconnet  Fall  is  18  miles. 
'I'hh  is  a  great  fjl  of  water,  and  on  the 
bank  of  it,  on  the  eaftem  fide  of  the  riv- 
er, is  Fort  Hid^'ax,  crcdcd  in  i754>  and 

fituated 


3  niiles 
ling  weft 
txnvn  of 
inebeck, 
Cobbefe- 
Cobbifle- 
,ge  figni- 
re  taken, 
we  find 
rs.  This 
,  and  ve- 
)ring  of 
he  fman 
ation  cf 
1,  whicU 
From 
8  miles. 
Id  on  tlie 
the  riv- 


K  E  N 

Ctuatcd  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  the  Sebaftacook  with 
the  Kennebeok,  by  which  the  latter  is 
increafcd  one  third  in  (ize.    I'he  Sebaf- 
tacook  conies  from  lakes  nearly  north 
from  its  mouth  ;  and  in  its  windings  re- 
ceives brooks  and  fmall  rivers,  for  the 
fpace  of  150  miles.   Thirty  milcB  above 
Fort  Halifax,  as  the  river  runs,   the 
ftream  called  Sandy  river   flows  into 
the  Kenncbeck,  at  the  point  where  the 
ancient  town  of  Norridgcwock.ftood; 
40  miles  or  more  further  up,  the  Kenne- 
bcck  takes  a  foath-weftward  courfe. 
The  Kennebeck  turning   again  weft- 
ward,  receives  the  eaflrem  oranch  50 
miles  from  Norridgewock.    The  main 
branch  of  the   Kenncbeck,    winding 
into    the    wildernefs,    forms    leveral 
carrying-places,  one  of  which,  called 
the  Great  carrying-place,  is  5  miles 
acrofs,  and  the  river's  courfe  gives  a 
diftance  of  35  miles,  for  that  which  is 
gained  by  5  on  the  dry  land.    At  about 
10®  miles  diftance  from  the  mouth  of 
the  eaftern  branch,  the  fource  of  the 
main  or  weftern  branch  of  the  Kenne- 
beck is  found  extended  a  great  diftance 
along  the  fide  of  the  Chaudiere,  which 
carries  the  waters  from  the  high  lands 
into  the  St.  Lawrence.    There  are  no 
lakes,  but  a  few  fmall  ponds  and  moraf- 
fes  at  the  fource  of  this  branch.    The 
carrying-place  from  boatable  waters  in 
it,  to  boatable  waters  in  the  river  Chau- 
diere, is  only  5  miles  over.   The  eaftern 
branch  of  the  Kennebeck,  which  unites 
with  the  otlier  above  Norridgewock,  if- 
fues  from  a  body  of  waters  whicn  lie  N. 
about  ao  miles  from  the  confluence  of 
the  two  branches.    Thefe  waters  are 
called  Moofe  Pond  or  Moofe  Like. 
The  fides  of  the  lake  are  fo  crooked, 
that  the  body  of  waters  has  an  irregular 
figure  ;  but  the  lake  contains  three  tin:ie3 
as  much  water  as  is  fonnd  in  Lake 
George.    There  are  very  high  moun- 
tains to  the  north  and  wcii  ot  the  lake, 
and  from  thofe  the  waters  run  by  many 
channels  to  the  St.  Lawrence.     The 
Kennebeck  affords  great  quantities  of 
lumber,  and  is  inhabited  at  different  fea- 
fons  by  fever.il  fpecies  of  valuable  fiih. 
.Silmon  and  ftuigeon  are  taken  here  in 
Hn  :it  abundance,  aud  (had  and  alewives 
iclieve  the  wants  of  the  necellitous  part 
of  the  inhihitants.    Tli't  river  forms 
the  neareft  fea-port  for  the  people  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  river  Coune^Sticut. 
From  the  [Ippcr  Cohos,  or  Coo^,  on  the 


KEN 

Utter  river  to  the  tide-^vater  in  K«n» 
nebeck  is  90  meafured  mile». 

KENNEBUNK,the  Indian  name  of  the 
place  fince  called  ffel/s,  Diftridl  of 
Maine,  about  33  miles  below  Portfmouth» 
New-Hampflure. 

Kennet,  a  townfhip  in  Cheftcr  coun- 
ty, Eennfylvania, 

Kennomick,  Grt,at,  a  navigable 
river  of  the  N.  W.  Territory,  emptying 
into  the  fouth  end  of  Lake  Michigan, 
about  N.  lat.  43°  11'.  The  waters  of 
this  river  communicate,  by  a  portage  of 
3oyards,with  Little  Kennomick,  a  mort 
river  which  runs  north-eafterly  into  the 
lake. 

Kensington,  a  townfhip  in  Rock- 
ingham county,  New-Hampfhire,  about 
6  miles  foutherly  of  Exeter,  and  8  north* 
erly  of  Newbury-Port.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated  in  1737.  In  1775,  it  contained 
797,  and  in  1790,  800  inhabitants. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Maryland  on  the 
eaftern  fhore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  bound- 
ed E.  by  New-Caftle,  and  part  of  Kent 
county,  Delaware,  and  W.  by  Chefapeak 
Bay.  It  is  about  32  miles  long  and  13 
broad,  and  contains  12,836  inhabitants, 
including  5,433  flaves.  Chief  town, 
Chcfter. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Rhode-Ifland,  ly- 
ing S.  of  Providence  county,  ou  the  W. 
fide  of  Narracanfet  Bay.  It  is  20  miles 
in  length,  and  xo  in  breadth,  and  is  di- 
vided mto  four  townfhips.  It  contains 
8,78.;  inhabitants,  including  63  flaves. 

Kent,  the  middle  of  the  three  coun- 
ties of  Delaware.  It  is  40  miles  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  26  from  eaft  to  vveft, 
and  contains  18,910  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 2,joo  flaves.  The  lands  in  Kent 
county  are  eftecmed  the  richeft  in  the 
State.  It  is  well  watered  by  feveral 
fmall  ftreams  that  empty  into  the  Del.i- 
waro.    Chief  town,  Dover. 

Kent,  an  ifuind  in  Queen  Ann's  coun- 
ty, Maryland,  and  tlie  largeft  in  Ciicla- 
peak  Bay.  It  is  1 :  miles  from  north  to 
ibuth,  and  6  in  bre;idth. 

Kent,  a  townlhip  in  Litchfield  coun- 
ty, Connc(5licut,  bordering  on  the  State 
of  New-York,  and  8  or  10  miles  weft  of 
Litchfield. 

Kentucky,  a  very  crooked  river  in 
the  ..'ate  of  its  name,  which,  after  a  gen- 
eral N.  W.  courfe  of  200  miles,  falls  in- 
to the  Ohio  in  N,  lat,  39°.  It  is  Ibme- 
times  called  Cnfteiwa.  Its  fource  is  ia 
the  Laurel  Mountains,  and  it  interlocks 
widi  Licking  river.    Its  mouth  is  7; 

nul>;s 


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miles  above  the  Rapids,  and  6>6  below 
Pittfburg.  Its  mouth  is  45  o  yards  wide, 
and  the  river  is  navicable  130  miles ;  the 
current  is  confiderably  rapid,  the  banks 
being  high  and  rocky.  It  is  faid  black 
lead  mines  have  been  found  on  the  head 
waters  of  this  river.  Liit/e  Kentucky 
River  is  25  yards  wide,  and  3  miles  well 
of  Kentucky  river. 

KENTUCKY,  ore  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  bounded  N.  W.  by 
the  river  Ohio ;  W.by  Cumberland  river; 
S.  by  Tennefl'ee  State ;  E.by  Sandy  river, 
and  a  line  drawn  due  S.  from  its  iburce, 
till  it  fltikes  the  northern  boundary  of 
Tenneflee.  It  lies  between  36°  30',  and 
39°  30'  N.  lat.  and  between  8i°  and 
89°  W.  long,  about  ajo  miles  long, 
and  aoo  broad,  and  contains  about 
50,000  fquare  miles.  It  is  divided  into 
14  counties,  viz,  JefFerfon,  Fayette, 
Bourbon,  Mercer,  Neifon,  Madifon, 
Lincoln,  Woodford,  Malbn,  Wafhing- 
ton,  Clark,  Scott,  Logan,  and  Franklin. 
It  contains  73,677  inhabitants,  of  whom 
12,430  are  flaves.  The  river  Ohio 
walhes  the  N.  weftem  fide  of  Kentucky, 
in  its  whole  extent.  Its  principal  branch- 
es which  water  this  fertile  tra<5l  of  coun- 
try, arc  andy,  Licking,  Kentucky,  Salt, 
Green,  and  Cumberland  rivers.  Thefe 
again  branch  in  various  dire(ftions,  into 
rivulets  of  different  magnitude?,  fcrtili- 
7ing  the  country  in  all  its  parts.  The 
fprings  and  ilrcams  leflcn  in  June,  and 
continue  low,  hindering  navigation,  un- 
til November,  when  the  autumnal  rains 
fwell  the  rivers,  and  replenilli  the  whole 
country  with  water.  At  the  bottoms  of 
tiicfe  water-courfes  the  lime-llonc  rock, 
which  is  common  in  this  country,  ap- 
pears of  a  greyilh  colour  ;  and  where  it 
is  expofcd  to  the  air,  in  its  natural  Hate, 
it  looks  like  brown  frce-ltone.  On  the 
banks  of  thele  rivers  and  rivulets,  this 
flone  has  the  appearance  of  fine  marble, 
being  of  the  fame  texture,  and  is  found 
in  the  greateft  plenty.  After  heavy 
rains,  the  waters  in  the  rivers  rife  be- 
tween the  high  lime-ftonc  banks  from 
]c  to  30  feet.  There  are  5  noted  falt- 
fprings  or  licks,  in  this  ccnintry,  viz.  the 
lii<;her  and  lower  Blue  Iprings,  the  Rig 
IJcne  Lie':,  Drinnon's  Lick,  and  liul- 
JeL's  Lick  at  Saltlburg.  The  laft  of  thele 
IJcks  hus  fupplied'  this  country  and 
Cumberland  with  fait,  at  3  dels.  33  cents 
a  buflie!  ;  and  fonie  i.-.  exported  to  the 
Illinois  country.  Th'J  method  of  p'  -i 
^,•a!•i^y  water  trom  thcfe  Licks,  !■=  jy  I 


finking  wella  from  30  to  40  feet  dcepv 
which  yield  water  more  ftrongly  imi- 
pregnated  with  fait,  than  the  water  from 
the  fea. 

This  whole  country,  as  far  as  has  yet 
been  difcovered,  lies  upon  a  bed  of  lime- 
ftone,  which  in  general  is  about  fix  feet 
below  the  furface,  except  in  the  vallics, 
where  the  foil  is  much  thinner.  A  traft 
of  about  ao  miles  wide,  along  the  banks 
of  the  Ohio,  is  hilly,  broken  land,  inter<. 
I'perfed  with  many  fertile  fpots.  The 
reft  of  the  country  is  agreeably  uneven, 
gently  afcending  and  aefccnding  at  no 
great  diftances.  The  angles  of  afcent 
are  from  8  to  24  degrees,  and  fome- 
times  more.  The  vallies  in  common  are 
very  narrow,  and  the  foil  in  them  \z  very 
thin,  and  of  an  inferior  quality ;  and 
that  along  the  afcending  ground,  is  fre- 
quently not  much  better ;  for  where 
you  fee  a  tree  blown  up,  you  find  the 
roots  clinging  to  the  upper  parts  of  the 
rock.  The  foil  on  thefe  agreeable  af. 
cents  (for  they  cannot  be  called  hills) 
is  fufficiently  deep,  as  is  evident  front 
the  fize  of  the  trees.  The  foil  is  either 
black,  or  tinged  with  a  lighter  or  deep- 
er vermilion,  or  is  of  the  colour  of  dark 
alhes.  In  many  places  there  are  appear- 
ances of  potter's  clay,  and  coal  in  abun- 
dance. The  country  promiies  to  be 
well  fupplied  with  wholefome,  well  taft. 
ed  water.  In  Nclfon  county,  N.  W. 
of  Rolling  fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  river, 
is  a  trad  of  about  40  miles  fquare,  moft. 
ly  barren,  interiperfed  with  plains  and 
ftrips  of  good  land,  which  are  advanta- 
geous fituations  for  raifing  cattle,  as  the 
neighbouring  barrens,  as  they  are  im- 
properly flyled,  are  covered  with  grafs, 
and  afford  good  pafturage.  Thelnnds 
eaft  of  Nolin  creek,  a  branch  of  Green 
river,  are  in  general  of  an  infeiior  mial- 
ity  ;  but  the  hanks  of  Green  river  afford 
many  defirable  lituations. 

Toward  the  he.;d  waters  of  Kentucky 
river,  which  interlock  with  the  waters 
of  Cumberland  and  Sandy  rivers,  and 
the  whole  country  eaftward  and  ibuth- 
ward  as  far  as  the  Holilon  river,  is  brok- 
en and  mountainous  ;  and  fioni  the  de- 
Icription  given  by  hunters,  it  has  beci» 
much  doubted  whether  it  would  ever 
be  praiticable  to  make  a  pafliible  rowl 
from  Kentucky  acrofs  to  Winthcftcr,  in 
Virginia,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  moun- 
tains, which,  on  a  Ihaight  line,  is  not 
perhaps  more  than  400  miles,  and  the 
way  now  travelled  is  ^eo.    This  doubt, 

however. 


KEN 


KEN 


however,  is  now  removed,  and  a  com- 
pany have  lately  undertaken  to  cut  a 
roaa  (it  is  thougnt  a  waf^gon  road  may 
be  made)  from  Kentucky,  to  pafs  by 
the  Sweet  Springs  in  Virginia  ;  thence 
to  Winchefter.  This  new  road,  it  is 
fuppofed,  will  be  nearly  loo  miles  (hort- 
er  than  the  one  now  travelled. 

This  country  in  general  is  well  tim- 
bered.   Of  the  natuial  growth  which 
is  peculiar  to  this  country,  we  may  reck- 
on the  fugar,  the  coffee,  the  papaw,  the 
hackbeiry,    and  the   cucumber  trees. 
The  two  laft  are  fott  wood,  and  bear  a 
fruit  of  the  fhape  and  fize  of  a  cucum- 
ber    The  coffee  tree  refembles  the 
black  oak,  and  bears  a  pod,  which  en- 
clofes  a  feed,  of  which  a  drink  is  made 
not  unlike  coffee.    Befides  thefe,  there 
is  the   honey-locuft,  black  mulberry, 
wild  cherry,  of  a  large  fize.    The  buck- 
eye, an  exceedingly  loft  wood,  is  the 
horfe  chefnut  of  Europe.    The  magno- 
lia bears  a  beautiful  bloffom  of  r.  rich 
and  exquifite  fragrance.    Such  is  the 
variety  and  beauty  of  the  flowering 
fhrubs  and  plants  which  grow  fponui- 
neoufly  in  tliis  country,  that  in  the  prop- 
er fealon  the  wildernefs  appears  in  blol- 
Ibm.    The  accounts  of  the  fertility  of 
the  foil  in  this  country,  have,  in  fome 
imlances,  exceeded  belief,  and  proba- 
bly have  been  exaggerated.    That  fome 
parts  of  Kentucky,  particularly  the  high 
grounds,  are  remarkably  f^ood,  all  ac- 
counts agree.    The  lands  of  the  fini 
rate  are  too  rich  for  wheat,  and  will 
produce  50  and  60,  and  in  fome  inftanc- 
es,  it  is  allirmed,  100  bufhels  of  good 
corn  an  acre.    In  common,  the  land 
will  produce  ;xo  bufhels  of  wheat  or  rye 
an  acre.    Barley,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  and 
vegetables  of  all  kinds  common  in  this 
climate,   yield  abundantly.    Cotton  is 
fcldi>m  and  with  difficulty  brought  to 
perfodlion.    Irilh  potatoes  produce  in 
abundance,  fweet  potatoes  are  railed 
with  difficulty. 

The  old  Virginia  planters  fay,  that 
if  the  climate  does  not  prove  too  moift, 
few  foils  known,  will  yield  more  or  bet- 
ter tobacco.  Experience  has  proved, 
that  the  climate  is  not  mo  moift.  Great 
quantities  of  this  article  have  been  ex- 
ported to  France  and  Spain,  tliroagh 
New-Orleans  ;  and  it  is  a  well  known 
hd  that  Philadelphia  is  a  profitable 
market  for  the  Kentucky  planters,  not- 
withftanding  all  the  inconveniencies  and 
cxpenfes  ot  rcfhipment  at  New-Orle- 


ans, under  a  Spanifh  government.  What 
advantages  then  may  not  this  country 
expeft  fince  the  free  navigation  of  the 
Mtffiflppi  is  now  enjoyed  ? 

In  the  rivers  arc  plenty  of  buffaloe, 
pike  and  catfifh  of  uncommon  fize,  fal- 
mon,  mullet,  rock,  perch,  garfilh,  eel, 
fuckers,  funlilh,  &c.  Shad  have  not 
been  caught  in  the  weflern  waters. 

Swamps  are  rare  in  Kentucky  ;  and 
ofcourfethe  reptiles  which  they  pro- 
duce, fuch  as  I'nakes,  frogs,  &c.  arc  not 
numerous.  The  honey  bee  may  be  call- 
ed a  domeftic  inf  edt,  as  it  is  laid  not  to  ^ 
be  found  but  in  civilized  countries. 
This  is  confirmed  by  a  faying  which  is 
common  among  the  Indians,  when  they 
fee  a  fwarm  of  bees  in  the  woods,"  Well, 
brothers,  it  is  time  for  us  to  decamp, 
for  the  white  people  are  coming." 
Neverthclcls,  bees,  of  late  years,  have 
abounded,  to  their  amazement,  evea 
200  miles  N.  and  N.  W.  of  the  Ohio. 
The  quadrupedes,  except  die  buffaloe, 
are  the  fame  as  in  Virginia  and  the 
Carolinas. 

The  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful, 
fome  few  places  in  tlie  neighbourhood 
of  ponds  and  low  grounds  excepted. 
The  iniiabitants  do  not  experience  the 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  Snow  fel- 
dom  falls  deep,  or  lies  long.  The  win- 
ter, which  begins  about  Chriftmas,  is 
never  longer  than  three  months,  and  is 
commonly  but  two,  and  is  fo  mild  as 
that  cattle  can  fubfifl  without  fodder. 

Kentucky  experiences  a  greater  de- 
gree of  temperature  than  any  of  the 
neighbouring  States :  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer feldom  falling  below  35°  in 
winter,  nor  rifing  above  80°  in  fummer. 
The  approach  of  the  leafons  is  graduaL 
The  iTummer  continues  moftly  to  the 
middle  of  Oftober.  The  autumn  or 
mild  weallier,  generally  continues  until 
Chriftmas,  when  there  is  fome  cold  and 
troft  until  February,  when  tlie  fpring 
approaches ;  and  by  the  beginning  of 
March  feveral  (limbs  and  trees  begin  to 
fhoot  forth  their  buds ;  by  the  middle  of 
the  month  the  buck-eye  or  horfe-chef- 
nut  is  clad  in  fummer's  array ;  and  by 
the  middle  of  April  the  foliage  of  the 
forefts  is  completely  expanded ;  which 
is  a  fortnight  earlier  tlian  the  leaves  are 
fhrtt  forth  in  Virginia  and  Maryland: 
and  Cumberland  is  proportionally  more 
temperate  than  N.  Carolina,  as  Ken- 
tucky is  to  Virjrinia.  Malt-liquor,  fpir- 
its  diitillcd  from  corn  and  rye,  and  the 

juice 


il^- 


f:   li 


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KEN 


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irr 


juice  of  the  fugar-trec  mixed  with  wa- 
ter, conftitute  the  ordinary  beverage  of 
the  country.  Here  are  various  mine- 
rals ;  as  iron,  copper,  lead,  fulohur,  ni- 
tre, &c.  Iron-works  are  in  uich  for- 
wardnefs,  as  to  furniih  large  qoaotities 
of  caftings. 

The  Tegiflature  of  Virginia,  while 
Kentucky  belonged  to  that  State,  made 
provifion  for  a  college  in  it,  and  endow- 
ed it  with  very  conliderable  landed  funds. 
The  Rev.  John  Todd  coiieaed,  chieily 
from  a  number  of  liberal  gentlemen  in 
England,  a  very  handfome  library  for 
its  ufc.  I'his  college,  of  late,  has  not 
flourifhed ;  and  another  has  been  eftab- 
lilhed,  and  confiderable  funds  colle(Jied 
ior  its  fupporu  Schools  are  eilabli)l>ed 
in  the  feveral  towns,  and,  in  general, 
segularly  and  handibmely  fnpported. 
In  this  State  are  two  prmting-oftices, 
and  two  weekly  gsizettes  publifhed. 
There  are  ereftea  a  paper  mill,  oil  mills, 
fulling  mills,  faw  mills,  and  a  great  nuni> 
ber  of  valuable  grift  mills.  Several  val- 
uable tanneries  have  been  eftabiiihed  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.  Their 
ialt  works  are  more  than  fulficicnt  to 
fupply  all  their  inhabitants,  at  a  low 
f)rice.  They  make  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  fugar  from  the  fugar-trees. 

The  banks,  or  rather  precipices,  of 
Kentucky  and  Dick's  river,  are  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  natural  curiodties 
of  this  country.  Here  the  aftonifhed 
eye  beholds  300  or  400  feet  of  folid  per- 
pendicular rock,  in  fome  parts  of  the 
lime-ftone  kind,  and  in  others  of  fine 
white  marble,  curioufly  checkered  with 
ftrata  of  aftonilhing  regularity.  Thefe 
rivers  have  the  appearance  of  deep  ar- 
tificial canals.  Their  high  rocky  banks 
are  covered  with  red  cedar  groves. 

Caves  have  been  difcovered  •  i;i  this 
country  of  feveral  miles  in  length,  under 
a  fine  lime-ftone  rock,  fupported  by  cu- 
rious arches  and  pillars.  Spring"^  that 
«'.iiit  fulphureous  matter  have  been  found 
in  feveral  parts  of  the  country.  One  is 
near  a  fait  fpring,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Boonft)orough.  There  are  three 
fprlngs  or  ponds  of  bitumen  near  Green 
river,  which  do  not  form  a  ftream,  but 
empty  themfelves  into  a  common  refer- 
voir,  and  when  ufed  in  lamps,  anfwer  all 
the  purpofes  of  the  befl:  oil.  Copperas 
and  allum  are  among  the  minerals  of 
Kentucky.  Near  Lexington  are  found 
curious  fepulchres  full  of  human  flcele- 
toas.    It  has  beta  a^eited  tlut  a  nua 


in  or  near  Lexington,  haTing  dug  firt 
or  lix  fieet  below  the  Itirface  of  the 
ground,  came  to  a  large  flat  ftone,  vmdcr 
which  was  a  well  oT  common  depth, 
regularly  and  artificially  ftoncd. 

The  diftance  of  Philadelphia,  by  land, 
to  Kentucky  is  between  700  and  800 
miles  ;  from  Baltimore  nearly  700  ; 
nearly  600  from  Alexandria,  and  up- 
wards of  500  from  Richmond.  From 
the  Rapids  of  the  Ohio  to  Santa  Fe,  is 
1000  miles,  and  from  thence  to  the  city 
of  Mexico,  I.! 00. 

Kkowe,  or  Keotvee,  the  name  given 
to  Savannah  river,  above  its  confluence 
with  the  Tugulo,  the  weft  main  branch. 

Keowe,  anciently  a  populous  town 
and  territory  of  the  Cherokee  Indians, 
on  tlie  river  of  that  name,  the  north-eaft- 
ernmoft  branch  of  Savannah  river.  The 
foil  is  very  fertile,  and  the  adjacent 
heights  might,  with  little  expenfe,  be 
rendered  almoft  impregnable.  The 
fruitful  vale  of  Keowe  is  7  or  8  miles  in 
extent,  when  a  high  ridge  of  hills  ter- 
minates the  vale,  but  opens  again  below 
the  ridge,  and  continues  10  or  iz  milcc 
down  to  Sinica,  and  in  width  i  or  a 
miles.  This  was  formerly  one  con  tin  a-* 
ed  and  thickly  inhabited  fettlement, 
well  cultivated  and  planted.  It  now  ex- 
hibits  a  very  different  fpeftacle  to-  the 
feeble  remams  of  the  once  potent  Cher- 
okees.  Fort  George  formerly  flood 
near  tlie  old  fcite  of^Keowe. 

KBPtEtts,a  village  in  B(  ks  county, 
Pennfylvania,  on  Little  Schu  kill  riveir, 
tlie  N.  branch  of  Schuylkill  nver ;  n 
miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Reaaing,  and  3*  W. 
of  Bethlehem. 

KBR.isoNGAR,aIake  in  theDiftri<fl 
of  Maine,  which  fends  its  waters  to 
Peik>bfcot  river. 

Kershaw,  a  county  of  Camden  dif^ 
tti(ft,  S.  Carolina,  on  Wateree  river, 
which  feparatcs  it  from  Richland  coun- 
ty. It  is  2s  n"les  in  length  and  30  in 
breadth. 

K  R  9 1 A  H .    See  Cujhai  River. 

K  EYWAWA,  a  fmall  iflein  Charlefton 
harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

Kairsbrgb  Gore,  in  Hillfborough 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  contar.s  103 
inhabitants. 

KiCKAPOus,an  Indian  nation  whofe 
different  tribes  inhabit  near  the  entrance 
of^Lake  Superior,  whete  20  years  ago 
they  had  400  warriors  ;  part  refide  at 
Lake  Michigan,  and  between  that  and 
the  Milfifippii  near  the   Outtagomies^ 

&c. 


K  I  M 


K  I  N 


orough 


&c.  and  another  tribe  near  the  Pian- 
kcfhaws,  and  on  the  Wabalh  and  its 
branches. 

The  Kickapou)  and  Kaflcafkias,  two 
Indian  nations  lately  holtilo,  ceded 
lands  to  the  United  States  at  the  treaty 
of  Grceneville,  Auguft  1,  1795.  The 
United  States,  on  the  other  hand  paid 
them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand,  and  en- 
gaged to  pay  them  iu  goods,  annually, 
to  the  value  of  500  dollars  forever. 

KiCKBMUiT  River  is  a  N.  wcftern 
arna  of  Mount  Hope  Bay.  It  is  about 
i  miles  long;  and  half  a  mile  broad. 
The  town  of  Warren,  in  Briftol  coun- 
ty, in  the  State  of  Rhode-Iiland,  lies  N. 
W.  of  it. 

KiOLAPYBD,  on  the  coaft  of  Labra- 
dor, in  Davis's  Strait,  N.  from  and 
near  Nain  j  which  fee. 

K I K  E I  o  N  B  c  Point.    See  Ktoanon. 

KiLLiNGLY,  a  town  in  Windham 
county,  Connedlicut,  in  the  north-eaftern 
part  of  the  State,  bord'trinp;  on  Rhodc- 
Ifland,  and  feparated  from  Pomfret  by 
Quinebaug  river.  It  lies  about  18  miles 
eal^ward  of  Windham,  and  has  a  Con- 

Sregational  church.  The  original  fct- 
ers  were  from  Maflachufetts.  Tl^ 
to  was  incorporated  in  May,  1708. 
In  17  i  ^  it  was  divided  into  two  pari/h- 
ts ;  one  of  which  is  now  incorporated 
by  tlie  name  of  Thompfon. 

KiLLiMOTON,  a  mountainous  town- 
(hip  in  Rutland  county,  V  "nont,  hav- 
ing Medway  on  the  W.  Bu  ^rd  N.  E. 
and  Sa'*  dh  on  the  S.  E.  and  l.  uins  3a 
inhabiirtnts.  Waterquechee  n/er  has 
its  fource  in  a  pond  in  this  town. 

K1M.1NGWORTH,  a  poft.to^vn  in 
Middlefex  county,  Connecticut,  htuated 
on  Long-Illand  Sound,  9  -  liles  E.  of 
Guilford  and  47  W.  of  Nc  v-London. 
The  Indian  name  of  the  townfhip  was 
Hammonaflet ;  and  a  ftream  »f  that 
name  runs  011  the  W.  fide  of  the  town, 
a 'id  divides  it  from  Guilford.  It  was 
fatled  in  1663,  by  la  planters  from 
Ha-tfbrd,  Guilford,  and  Windfor.  The 
EngMlh  name  dcfigned  to  have  been  giv- 
en this  town  was  Ki'nnel'worthy  but  by 
niiftake  it  w.i^  receded  Killiag'wortL 
It  was  incorpcr'iteu  m  1703. 

KiLHSTiNCESv  lidians  who  inhab- 
it on  Lake  Superior;  and  can  furnifh 
450  warriors. 

KiLKT>NN  Y,  a  town  in  Grafton  coun- 
ty, New-Hamp(hire,  incorporated  in 
]k774,  but  not  inhabited. 

K.IMBXCK,  a  place,  oa  the  taSt  bank 


of  Hudfon's  river  >  17  or  18  miles  norA 
of  Poughkcepiic. 

KiNOEKHooK,  a  pod-town  in  Co- 
lumbia county.  New- York,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Hudlbn's  river  ;  13  miles  north 
of  Hudfon  city,  ^9  8.  by  E.  of  Albany, 
145  north  of  New-York,  and  45  W.  by 
N.of  Stockbridge  in  Maflachufetts.  The 
townfhip  contains  4,661  inhabitants  ;  of 
whom  411  are  eleiitors,  and  638  flaves. 

KiND-ERHOOK  Landings  in  the  above 
townfhip,  is  (ituated  underthe  bankof  tl^ 
river,  iurrounded  with  an  uncleared  bar- 
ren  country,  has  about  15  or  zo  houfes, 
and  neatly  as  many  florcs  and  other 
hnildings ;  20  miles  S.  of  Albany.  The 
town,  througii  which  the  ftage  to  New- 
York  runs  IS  about  5  miles  cafl  of  the 
Landing. 

King  LESS,  a  townfhip  in  Philadel- 
phia county,  Pennfylvania. 

KiN'.  AND  Queen,  a  county  of 
Virginia,  on  Mattapany  river,  whichi 
feparatts  it  from  KiiiR  William's  county. 
It  is  about  35  miles  lung  and  20  bro;i(ly 
and  contains  9,377  inhabitants,  inclu- 
ding 5,143  fJaves. 

King  George,  an  ancient  fort  on 
the  borders  of  Eaft-Florida,  near  Su 
Mary's  river. 

King  George's  Sottnd,  or  Nsotia^ 
lies  on  the  N.  W.  coafl  of  N.  America* 
in  north  lat.  49"  36'.     See  Nootkc. 

King  Gf.or.ge,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
lying  between  the  Patowmac,  and  Riii>- 
y  'hannock  rivers.  It  is  a  a  miles  long, 
aid  14  broad,  ar.d  contains  7^366  in- 
hvtbitants,  of  whom  4,157  are  Haves. 

Kings,  a  maritiniL'  county  of  New- 
York,  "  containing  .ill  that  part  of  the 
State,  b^ninded  eaflci  ly  by  Qti^cen's  coun- 
ty ;  noaherlv,  by  Ncvv'-Yoik  county  ; 
wcflerly,  parti  'ly  Hudfon's  river,  part- 
ly by  the  ocean  and  foutherly  by  tlKr 
Atlantic  Ocean,  including  Coney  .in~ 
.inrfs."  This  fertile  trac^  of  land,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  W.  end  of  Long-Ifland, 
and  feparated  from  Staten-Iilaiul  by  the 
Narrows,  contributes  largely  to  the  fup- 
ply  of  the  New- York  market  with  veg- 
ctablcs,  roots,  fruits,  butter,  &c.  It  i» 
divided  into  6  townfhips,  and  contains 
4,495  inhabitants, including  i,43afiaves. 
Chief  towns,  Brooklyn  and  Flatbufh. 

King's,  a  county  of  Nova-Scotia, 
comprehending  the  lands  on  the  S.  W. 
and  S.  fides  of  the  Eafin  of  Minas.  The 
Habitant  is  navigable  for  vefTels  of  4a 
tons  a  little  way  up.  The  Canaid  for 
veiiels  of  x6o  tans>  4  or  5  miles ;  and 

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Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.r.  14580 

(/UV>  872-4503 


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the  Cornwallis  is  navigable  for  veffels  of 
loo  tons  5  miles,  for  thofe  of  50  tons 
10  miles  farther.  There  are  conlidcra- 
ble  fettlements  on  thefe  rivers,  and  they 
siffbrd  a  good  portion  of  fine  lands  for 
tillage,  and  for  herbage,  and  fome  ex- 
cellent  meadows.  In  the  rivers  are 
found  a  great  abundance  of  (had  of  an 
excellent  kind  ;  and  in  the  Bafin  of  Mi- 
Has  are  fine  cod-fiih,  haddock,  bai's,  and 
flat-fifli  of  different  kinds. 

King's  Bridge,  a  pofttown  of 
Kew-York,  15  miles  north  of  New-York 
city,  and  49  fouth-weft  of  Stamford 
in  Connefticut.  The  bridge  here  con- 
nefts  New-York  ifland  with  the  main 
land.  It  was  flrongly  fortified  during 
the  war.  The  heights  about  it  are 
commanding. 

Kin  gsbur  y,  a  townfhip  in  Wafhing- 
ton  county,  New- York,  bounded  eaft- 
crly  by  the  tradt  of  land  called  the  Pro- 
vincial Patent.  It  contains  j  110  inhab- 
itants. 

Kino's,  or  Pearl  Island,  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  Bay  of  Panama.  It  belongs 
to  Spain,  and  is  famous  for  its  pearl  fiih- 
«ry ;  and  lies  in  N.  lat.  ^'*  i2'>  W.  long. 

81°  36'. 

Kingston, orEsopus,apofl:-town 
<^New-York,  fituated  in  Ul iter  county, 
gn  'le  W.  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  fix 
niiles  W.  of  Rhinebeck,  and  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Efopus  Kill,  or  Creek.  It  was 
deftroyed  on  the  15th  of  Oftober,  1777, 
l)y  order  of  General  Vaughan,  com- 
manding a  fleet  which  failed  up  the 
Iludfun,  when  large  quantities  of  flores 
were  confumed.  It  is  rebuilt  on  a  reg- 
ular plan,  and  contains  about  150  houfes, 
a  court-houfe,  jail,  a  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  and  an  academy.  It  is  mofl 
pleaf'antly  fituated  upon  and  furrounded 
by  a  fpacious  plaiii.  It  is  56  miles  S. 
of  Albany,  and  109  N.  of  New-York. 
N.  lat.  4i«  56',  W.  long.  7.^°  <6'.  The 
townfiiip  contains  3929  inhal>itants,  of 
V/hom  556  are  eleflors,  and  30a  flaves. 

Kingston,  a  townfhip  in  Addifon 
county,  Vermont,  containing  loi  inhab- 
itants. 

Kingston,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Maflkchuftwts,  on  the  weftern 
part  of  Plymouth  Bay,  bounded  north- 
erly by  Duxborough,  and  contains  1004 
inhdbitants.  There  is  here  a  flitting 
and  rolling  mill.  The  town  was  incor- 
porated in  1707.  It  is  38  miles  S.  £. 
of  Bofton. 

KiNG&TON,atown(hipin  Rockingham 


courtly,  NeU'-Hampfhire,  lying  Oh  tti* 
road  which  leads  from  Exeter  to  Haver> 
hill,  in  MafTachufetts,  6  miles  from  th* 
former,  and  i»  from  Haverhill.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1694^  In  1775  it  con^ 
tained  962  inhabitants  i  and  in  1790) 
906. 

Kingston,  a  village  in  New-Jerfey* 
three  miles  N.  £.  of  Princeton,  and  i^ 
S.  W.  of  Brunlwick  ;  an  elevated  and 
plealant  fpot. 

Kingston,  the  chief  toAvn  of  Lenoir 
county,  Newbern  diflridt,  N.  Carolimu 
It  is  a  poft-town,  fituated  in  a  beautiful 
plain  on  the  N.  fide  of  Neus  river,  and 
contains  ^  court«faoufe,  jail;  and  about 
30  houfes.  It  is  40  miles  W.  of  New- 
bern, and  14  from  Waynefborongh. 

Kingston,  a  townfhip  in  Luzerne 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Kingston,  a  town  of  Georgetown 
diflridt,  S.  Carolina.  It  is  fituated  on 
tlie  W.  fide  of  Wakkamau  river,  and 
contains  an  Epifcopal  church,  and  about 
30  houfes.  It  is  41  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Georgetown,  and  103  N.  N.  E.  of 
Chailefton.    N.  lat.  j,^''  <i',  W.  long* 

79"' I'. 

Kingston,  a  village  in  Talbot  coun- 
ty, Maryland,  fituated  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Choptank  river,  4  miles  below 
the  Forks. 

Kingston,  formerly  called  Front- 
inacy  is  fituated  on  the  northern  part 
of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  its 
oudet  Iroquois  river  ;  aoo  miles  fouth- 
ward  of  Montreal,  and  150  northw.rd 
of  Niagara.  Here  the  King's  ftores  are 
kept  and  guarded  by  one  company  of 
men.  Part  of  Old  Fort  Frontinac  is 
now  Handing,  the  befl  part  of  which 
is  the  magazine.  Kingflon  contains 
about  100  houfes.  Large  veflels  go  no 
farther  than  this  place ;  thence  to  Nia- 
gara, &c.  fl'ores  and  merchandize  are 
conveyed  in  boats. 

Kingston,  the  capitalof  the  ifland 
of  St.  Vincents,  in  the  Wefl-Indies,  and 
the  feat  of  government,  lies  at  the  head 
of  a  bay  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  fouth- 
wef^ern  fhore  of  tlie  ifland,  in .  St. 
George's  pariflv 

Kingston,  the  capital  of  the  ifland 
of  Jamaica,  in  ihe  Weft-Indies,  is  fitua- 
ted on  the  N.  fide  of  a  beautiful  harbour, 
having  Port-Royal  on  the  N.  E.  and 
Spanifh-Town  on  the  S.  W.  and  was 
founded  in  1693  ;  when  repeated  defo- 
lations  by  earthquakes  and  fire  had 
driven  the  iohabitants  from  Port-Royal. 

It 


It  13 


K  N  6 


tt  contains  t66i  hoafes»  beildes  htp6 
huts  and  vrare4ioufes.  In  2788,  the 
white  inhabitants  amounted  to  6,539  ; 
free  people  of  colour  3,z8o;  and  Haves 
16,659  ;  inall  36,498.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  trade  and  opulence^  Many  of  the 
houfes  in  the  upper  part  of  the  town 
ore  extremely  magnificent ;  and  the 
markets  for  botchers'  meat,  turtle,  fi(h, 
poultry^  fruits*  and  vegetables,  inferior 
to  none.  It  is  the  refidence  of  the  moil: 
confiderable  merchants,  whofe  (hip  iload 
and  unload  here.  Upon  an  aver:3;,e  of 
to  yearsj  the  (hips  that  go  out  annually 
from  this  port  amount  to  400.  N.  lat. 
17**  57^  30',  W.  long.  76"  33'' 

Kino  Willi  AM,  a  county  of  Virgin- 
ia, between  Mattapony  and  Pamunky 
rivers.  It  is  47  miles  long  and  15  broad, 
and  contains  8,ia8  inhabitants ;  of  whom 
j,Miareflavfis. 

KiNGWOoo,  a  townlhip  in  Hundng- 
don'  county,  New-Jerfey,  containing 
3^446  inhabitants,  including  104  Haves. 
It  is  about  5  miles  below  Alexandria,  and 
i|  S.W.  of  Lebanon.  Alfo  the  name 
of  a  fmall  river  of  New-Jerfey. 

Kin  SALE,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia,  16 
miles  from  Weftmoreland  court-houfe, 
and  1}  from  Northumberland  court- 
houfe. 

KiOANON  Point,  called  in  fome 
maps  Kiifionec,  is  the  extremity  of  a 
large  pentnfula  which  projects  far  into 
the  fouth  lide  of  Lake  Superior. 

KiONTONA,  an  Indian  town  on  Con- 
ewango  river,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  ix 
miles  northerly  from  its  mouth  in  Alle- 
ghany river. 

KisHTACf  an  idand  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  North-America,  lies  eaflward 
of  Foggy  Cape,  on  the  fouth-eaft  fide  of 
the  pentnfula  of  Alufka,  and  on  that 
part  of  it  oppofite  the  head  of  Briftol 
Bay,  on  the  N.W.  fide  of  the  peninfu- 
la.  It  is  alfo  oppofite  the  mouth  of 
Cook's  river. 

KiSKEMANiTAS  Ji/&<fr,  is  z  branch 
of  Alleghany  river,  into  which  it  emp- 
ties in  N.  lat.  40*  40',  in  Wellmorc- 
land  county,  Pennfylvania.  Its  head 
waters  are  Little  Conemaugh  and  Stone 
creek.  After  thei»"  junftion  it  is  called 
Conemaugh  river.  It  then  receives 
Black  LicK  from  the  N.  £.  and  1 7  miles 
from  its  mouth  Loyalhannon  Creek  en- 
ters from  the  S.  S.  £.  after  which  it  is 
called  KiHcemanitas  river.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  batteauK  40  or  ^o  miles,and  good 
portages  are  found  between  it  and  To- 

i; 


fiiatta  and  Potowmac  rivers.  Coal  and 
fait  are  difcovered  in  the  viciuiiy  of  thefe 
rivers. 

KitTANiNG,  a  fettlement  in  Penn- 
fylvania, on  the  eaft  fide  of  Alleghany 
nver,  J6  miles  northward  of  Pittiburg. 

KiTTATiNNY  Motmtaiftiy  a  ridgef 
of  the  Alle'.ijhany  Mountains,  which 
runs  throujgh  the  northern  parts  of  New- 
Jerfcy  anaPennlylvania. 

kirxERY,  a  townlhip  in  York  coun* 
ty,  Diftrift  of  Maine,  incorporated  irt 
1653,  and  confifts  of  3  pariflies,  conj 
taining  3,1^0  inhabitants.  It  is  (ituatect 
between  Ptlcataqua  and  York  rivers,  6i 
miles  northerly  of  Bollon.  In  this  towit 
is  Sturgeon  Creek,  called  fo  from  the 
plenty  of  that  Sfli,  in  the  mouth  of  the! . 
creek  at  the  firft  fettlement  of  the  coun- 
try ;  but  there  have  been  none  found 
for  thefe  many  years  p;ift.  This  creek 
is  famous  in  the  hillory  of  the  firft  fet-i 
ders.  ** 

KiTTS,  St.    See  St.  Chrtftopher'H- i 

Knob  Lick,  in  Mercer  county,  Ken- 
tucky, lies  15  miles  S.  £.  of  Harrodfl 
town,  and  about  13  Ibutherly  of  Dan* 
ville. 

Knowlton,  a  townHiip  in  SufleJ^ 
county,  New-Jerfey,  containing  1,937 
inhabitants,  of  whom  13  are  Haves. 

Knoulton,  a  ^rant  in  Chittendea 
county,  Vermont,  lies  E.  of  Smithfield, 
and  W.  of  Kellylljurgh,  and  contains 
10,000  acres  of  land.  ' 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  State  of  Ten- 
neflee,  in  Hamilton  diftrift,  contai'ied 
in  1795,  according  to  the  Htate  ceniusj 
11,573  inhabitants,  of  whom  2,365; 
were  Haves. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory, erected  June  ao,  1 790.  "  BegiO'* 
ning  at  the  Standing  Stone  Forks  o(  the 
Great  Miami  river,  and  down  the  faid 
river  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio 
river ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  to  the  fmall 
rivulet  above  fort  Maffac  ;  thence  with 
the  caftem  boundary  line  of  St.  Clair 
county,  to  the  mouth  of  the  little  Mich- 
ilimackinack ;  thence  up  the  Illinois 
river  to  the  forks  or  confluence  of  the 
Theakiki  and  Chikago ;  thence  by  a 
line  to  be  drawn  due  north  to  the  boun- 
dary line  of  the  territory  of  the  United 
States,  and  fo  far  eafterly  upon  laid 
boundary  as  that  a  due  fouth  line  may 
be  drawn  to  die  place  of  beginning.^* 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  fort  in  the  fame  ter* 


m 


.  :r-v 


ii,^-^ 


imm 


i>,: 


^        "it 


ntory. 
Knox, 


one  of 


Ingraham's 


iHands. 
Capt. 


^l' 


L  A  »^ 


D  A  d 


;■)'  i- 


Capt.  Ingraham  difcovered  two  iflands, 
which  he  called  Kmy:  and  Hancock  i 
which  Capt.  Roberts  foon  after  difcov- 
ering,  called  Freeman  and  Langdon. 
Thefe  iflands  had  every  appearance  of 
fertility.  Their  latitude  is  from  8"  3', 
to  8°  5'  S.  and  their  longitude  very 
nearly  141°  W.  from  Greenwich. 

Knoxville,  the  metropolis  of  the 
State  of  Tenneflee,  is  fituated  in  Knox 
county^  OB  the  north  fide  of  Holfton 
river,,  on  a  beautiful  fpot  of  ground,  »a 
miles  above  the  junction  of  Holfton  riv- 
er with- the  Tenneflee,  and  4  below  the 
mouth  of  French  Broad  river.  It  is  in 
a  ilourifliting  fituation,  and  enjoys  a  com- 
munication with  every  part  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  by  poft.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  about  130  houfes,  a 
eourt-houfe,  gaol,  and  b'<trracks  large 
enough  to  contain  700  men.  The  lu- 
preme  courts  of  law  and  equity  for  the 
dlftridt  of  Hamilton  are  held  here  half 
yearly,  and  the  courts  of  pkasaod  quar- 
ter feiuoas  for  Knox  county  are  held 
here.  A  college  has  been  eftabliflied 
here  by  government,  called  Blount  Coj- 
iege.  It  IS  3  a  miles  N.  of  Tellico  Block- 
houfe ;  aoo  S.  £.  by  S.  9f  Frankfort,  in 
Kentucky ;  485  W.oy  S.  of  Richmond, 
in  Virginia  ;  and  728  ibuth-wefterly  of 
Philadelphia- 

KoDiAC,  an  jfland  oiv  the  IbutHern 
fhore  of  the  peninfa'a  of  Alafka,  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  ;  whic  n  fee. 

KonTRioHT,  a  townfhip  in  Otfego 
county,  Kew- York  ;  ia»of  Its  inhabit- 
ants are  eleftors. 

KoYAHT,  a  fmall  Ifle  at  the  S.  end 
of  Walhlngton's  Ifle,  at  the  entrance  of 
a  ftralt  feparatiug  a  iinall  iile  from  the 
largeft. 

Kris,  Indians  Inhabiting  the  banks 
©f  Lake  Chriftineaux.  They  can  raife 
x,aoo  warriors. 

KuLSAGE,  or  Susar  Toiun,  a  little 
Cherokee  town  in  the  vale  of  Keowe. 

Kyuquot,  a  large  found  or  bay  on 
the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  having 
Roberts  Ifland  on  the  one  fide.  N.  lat. 
50%  W.  long.  la?"  ao'. 


<r  t  s'»ij.l' 


i^ 


LABRADOR,  Terra  de,  one  of 
the  northern  countries  of  Ameri- 
callcd    alfo    Efquiniaux,    and  is 


ca. 


comprehended  in  New-Britain ;  bound- 
ed north  by  Hudibn's  Strait,  fouth 
by  part  of  Lower   Canada  and  the 


tlver  St.  Lawrence,  weft  by  Hud^ 
fon'«  Bay,  north-eaft  by  the  Ocean  and 
Davis's  Straits,  and  E.  by  the  Straits  oif 
Belli  fle  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
The  coaft  is  rocky,  and  iriterfperfed 
with  innumerable  illes.  THe  only  at- 
tehipt  to  trade  with  Labrador,  has  been 
direiSkd  towards  the  fiJhery  ;  the  annu- 
al produce  of  which,  amounts  to  up« 
wards  of  jC49iO0o  fterl.  Tl^e  inhabit- 
ants, whofe  number  is  unknown,  hunt 
for  furs  and  iliins.  The  Moravian 
Bretliren  maintain  a  communication  witli 
their  miflioh  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador. 
The  property  of  their  Ihip  is  divided 
into  fliares  of  ;Cio  only,  with  the  fupply 
intended  for  the  brethren  ;  articles  are 
fent  for  traffic  with  the  natives,  enabling 
them  to  bring  back  cargoes  that  have  af- 
forded them  not  always  a  dividend  of 
more  thah  the  intereft  of  the  capital 
employed.    See  New-Britain. 

Labrador,  a  large  lake  which  by 
its  numerous  branches  forms  a  water 
communication  through  great  part  of 
the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton.  In  fome 
maps  it  is  called  St.  Peter's  Lake.  ^ 

Lachawannock,  a  mountain  In  the 
north-weftern  part  of  Pcnnfylvania.- 

Lachawannock,  a  townfliip  in 
Luzerne  county,  Pennlylvania. 

Lack,  a  townflxip  In-MifBin  county^ 
Pennfylvania^ 

La  Colk,  a  river  which  falls  Into 
Lake  Champlain  from  the  W.  5  miles  S. 
S.  W.  of  Nut-Ifland,  after  a  fliort  courfe. 

La  CO  MIC,  a  fmall  creek  which  emp- 
ties through  the  weft  bank  of  Alleghany 
river,  in  Pennfylvanla,  oppofite  Licking 
Creek,  a  fliort  diftance  below  fort  Frank- 
lin. 

Laconia,  The  tra<5l9f  land  extend- 
ing from  the  river  Merrimack  to  Saga- 
dahock,  and  f ioni  the  ocean  to  the  lake* 
and  rivers  of  Canada,  went  under  tliis 
name,  in  the  grant  of  lands  in  1622, 
from  the  council  of  Plymouth  to  Capt. 
Mafon  and  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges. 

Ladus  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  of  S. 
Caiolina,  near  Port -Royal; 

Lagoon,  one  of  the  new  difcovered 
iflands  in  the  South  Sea.  Captain  Cook 
vifited  it  in  1769.  S.  hit.  18"  47',  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich  139°  a8'. 

Lacuna,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  on 
Amazon  river,  S.  E.  of  tlie  town  of  BorJa# 

La  GuAYRA,  a  maritime  fortified 
town  in  Caraccas,  a  provmce  of  Terra 
Firma.  This  town,  and  Puerto  Cabela 
are  tlie  chief  in  tl)e  province. 

Lake 


covered 
lin  Cook 
7',  W. 


Lake 


LAN 

X-AKB  OF  THE   WoODS.    Scc  IVoods^ 

La  Moelle,  a  large  river  in  the  N. 
W..  part  of  Vermont.  Its  general  courfe 
IS  weftprly;  after  running  about  7^ 
niiles^  and  receiving  14  lefTer  ftreams,  it 
falls  into  Lake  Champlain  at  Colchefter, 
5  miles  north  of  the  mouth  of  Onion  riv- 
er, and  is  of  about  the  fame  ma.gnitude. 

Lambaylque,  a  tavm  on  tne  road 
from  Guayaquil  to  Lima  in  Peru,  four 
leagues  firom  Morrope.  It  confifts  of 
about  1,500  houfes,  built  of  different  ma- 
terials, but  in  general  of  bajareques,  or 
unburnt  bricks.  The  meanefl  of  the 
houfes  are  the  hatetations  of  the  Indians, 
which  confill  entirely  of  canes.  The 
number  .of  its  inhabitants  amounts  to  a- 
bove  3o,oQo,fonie  of  whom  are  opulent; 
but  the  generality  are  poor  Spaniards, 
Mulattoes,  Mellizoes,  and  Indians.  It 
has  a  large  and  elegant  flone  church.  It 
js  the  rendence  of  a  corregidor,  having 
ujnder  his  jurifdiiftion,  befides  many  oth- 
er towns,  that  of  RJorrope.  One  of 
the  twQ  officers  of  die  revenue  appoint- 
ed for  Tru5^illo,  alfo  refides  here,  S. 
lat.  6"»  41'  37".  W.  long.  76°  15'. 

Lam  PA,  a  jurifdi(5lion  of  Cufco,  in 
Peru,  in  S.  America.  It  begins  about 
30  leagues  fouth  of  the  city  of  Cufco : 
and  is  the  principal  province  included 
under  the  name  of  Cailao.  Here  are  ex- 
cellent pafl:ures  and  filver  mines.  The 
air  is  very  cold, 

Lampeter,  a  townfhip  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Lamprey  River,  a  wat^r  of  Great 
Bay,  in  New-Hampfhire. 

Lancaster,  a  bay  or  found  on  the 
weflern  coafl  of  gir  Thomas  Smith's 
bay.  The  fbuthernmoft  part  lies  in  N, 
lat,  74''  id.  The  moft  northerly  is 
called  Alderman  Jonas's  Sound,  and 
lies  in  N.  lat.  7<>«. 

Lancaster,  a  populous  and 
wealthy  county  in  the  interior  part  of 
Pennfylvania,  extending  fouth  to  the 
Maryland  line.  It  is  about  4Z  miles 
fquare,  is  divided  into  25  townfhips, 
and  contains  566,240  acres  of  land,  and 
36,147  inhabitants,  including  34S  flaves. 
The  land$  in  this  county  are  rich  and 
well  cultivated.  The  hills  in  the  north- 
ern parts  abound  with  iron  ore ;  for  the 
manufadluring  which,  a  furnaces  and  8 
ibrgcs  have  been  erefted.  The  furna- 
ces manufaAure  about  1,200  tons  of 
pigs  and  nearly  that  number  of  bar-iron 
antiually.  Copper  and  lead  have  alfo 
beea  found  here,  Chief  town,  Lancaft^r. 


LAN 

Lancaster,  a  county  of  Viiginla, 
bounded  eafl  by  Chefapeak  Bay,  and  S. 
W.  by  Rapp;ih»nnock  river.  It  is 
about  4c  miles  long,  and  15  broad,  and 
contains  5,638  inhabitants,  of  whom 
3*336  are  flaves. 

Lancaster,  a  county  of  Camden 
diflrift,  S.  Carolina,  lying  on  Lynche's 
creek,  and  Wateree  river.  It  contains 
6,3pa  inhabitants,  of  whom  4,684  arc 
whites,  and  1,370  flaves. 

Lancaster,  JSorfiWF^  of,  a  hand-« 
fome  and  flourifliing  poll-town,  the  cap- 
ital of  Lancafler  county,  Pennfylvania, 
and  the  largefl  inland  town  of  the  Uni- 
ted Sutes.  It  is  pleafantly  fituated  up- 
on the  defcent  of  a  hill,  a  mile  and  z. 
half  wefl  of  Conefloga  creek,  which 
falls  into  Sufquehannah  river  9  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  the  town.  Its  trade  is  al- 
ready great,  and  muft  increafe,  in  pro- 
portion as  the  furrounding  country  pop- 
ulates. It  contains  about  7  or  800  houf- 
es and  about  5,000  people.  The  legif- 
lature  is  to  meet  here  in  future,  till  a 
pemianent  feat  of  government  fhall  be 
eflablifhed.  The  public  buildings  are 
a  handfome  court-houfe  of  brick,  a  mar- 
ket-houfe  of  the  fame  materials,  and  a 
flrong  flone  gaol.  Here  are  fix  places 
of  worfliip,  for  as  many  ditferent  per. 
fuafions,  vi?.  German  Lutherans,  Ger- 
man Calvinifls,  Prefbyterians,  Epifco- 
pdians,  Moravians,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olics, The  German  Lutheran  church 
is  a  large  brick  building,  having  an  or- 
gan, and  a  handfome  fpire ;  the  others 
are  of  brick,  and  are  neat  and  commodi- 
ous  buildings.  The  only  manufadtures 
here  arc  carried  on  by  individual?. 
There  are  3  breweries  and  2  or  3  valua- 
ble tanneries.  Franklin  College  is  ef- 
tablilhed  here  for  the  Germans.  Its 
endowments  are  nearly  the  fame  as 
thofe  of  Dickinfon  college  at  Carlifle. 
Its  truflees  conlifl  of  Lutherans,  Calvin- 
ifts,  Prefbyterians,  and  Epifcopallans ; 
of  each  an  equal  number.  The  princi- 
pal is  a  Lutheran,  and  th€  vice-prefident 
a  Calvinifl.  It  is  58  miles  as  the  new 
turnpike  road  runs,  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  31  from  Reading.  N.  lat. 
40«  3',  W.  long.  76"  ao'. 

Lancaster,  a  pofl-towrt  of  S.  Ca- 
rolina, 36  miles  from  Camden,  and  47 
from  Charlotte,  N.  Carolina. 

Lancaster,  a  very  pleafant  pofl- 
town  in  Worcefler  county,  MafTachu- 
fetts,  the  oldeft  in  the  county,  having 
been  fettled  in  1645,  and  incorporatea 


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LAN 

in  i6j3.  It  is  fttuated  on  a  branch  of 
l»fafliua  river,  which  empties  into  the 
JSlXerrimack.  It  is  3j  miles  W.  N.  W. 
ol"  Bofton,  4  miles  W.  of  BoltQiij  and 
14  N.  by  E,  of  Worcefter.  The  lands 
of  tlie  towofhip  of  Lancafter,  and  thofe 
of  Sterling  on  the  S,  W.  are  part  of  the 
trart  called  Najbanvog^  by  tlie  Indians, 
The  pleafantnefs  of  Uiis  town  has  invi- 
ted many  nerfoos  of  education  and  for- 
tune to  refide  Here,  In  the  N,  eaftcrly 
part  of  Lancafter,  there  is  a  vatuable, 
and  perhaps  inexhauftible  flate  pit,  fiir- 
nifhing  Hates  for  houfes,  and  excellent 
ilones  for  tombs  and  graves.  No  Hates 
equal  to  thefe  have  yet  been  difcovered 
in  the  United  States.  Thefe  are  fent 
to  Bofton,  and  exported  to  New-York, 
Virginia,  &c.  Two  principal  branches 
of  Nafliua  river,  over  which  are  9  large 
bridges,  water  this  town,  and  have  on 
their  banks  excellent  intervale  land. 
Cuinberry  pond  in  this  town  is  obferved 
to  rife  as  much  as  two  feet,  juft  before 
a  ftorm ;  and  Sandy  popd  riles  in  a  dry 
Iciifon. 

JUancastbr,  a  townftiip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hamplhire,  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Connedicut  river,  about  41 
miles  above  Hanover,  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1763.  In  I7T5  it  contained  6i 
inliabltants,  and  in  179c — i6j. 

Lancp  IsfcEs,  on  the  N.  W-  coaft 
of  N.  America,  lie  off  Cape  Scott,  which 
is  the  fouthern  point  ^t  the  mouth  of 
Pintard's  Sound,  oppofite  to  Point  Dif- 
appointment.  There  is  a  narrow  chan- 
nel between  the  largeft  iile  and  the 
cape.    See  Pintard^s  Sound. 

Landaff,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hamplhire.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1774,  and  contains  294 
inhabitants. 

Land's  Height, in North-Aiperica, 
is  the  high  ground  on  the  chain  of  lakes 
between  Lake  la  Plue  and  Lake  Superi- 
or, where  there  is  a  portage  of  7  miles. 
It  is  80  miles  eaft  of  the  grand  portage 
from  the  weft  end  of  Lake  Sqperior. 

Lang  DON,  a  townihip  in  CheHiire 
county,  New'Hampftxire,  incorporated 
in  1787,  and  contains  344  inhabitants. 

Lanbsborouoh,  a  townfliip  in 
Berkfliire  county,  Mailachufetts,  N.  by 
£.  of  Hancock,  is  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Lenox,  and  144  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton. 
It  affords  aquany  of  good  marble,  and 
contains  a,  14%  inhabitants. 

LAN«iNBURGH^a/j»^  in  tlie  town- 
flup  o£  Troy,  Renflalaer  coiuuyi  New- 


■P 


X.AT 

York,  is  very  pleafantly  fituated  on  the 
£.  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  oppofite  one 
of  the  mouths  of  the  Mohawk,  and  con-, 
tains  about  soe  dwelling-houfes,  a  brick 
church,  the  joint  property  of  the  Dutch 
and  Preftjyterian  congregation,  a  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  and  an  academy^  incorpo- 
rated iivi?96.  Here  is  a  library  com-* 
pany  which  was  incorporated  in  1775. 
It  is  a  very  flourilhing  place,  fituated  on 
a  plain  at  tlie  foot  of  a  hiU,  from  the 
tpp  of  which  is  a  moft  delightful  prof- 
peft,  A  few  years  ago  therr^  was  but 
one  ftage  between  this  town  and  Alba- 
ny ;  now  (1796)  ao  ftagc  daily  pafs 
and  repafs  between  the  neighbounng 
towns  of  Lanfinburgh,  Troy,  Water- 
ford,  and  Albany  ;  and  the  average 
number  of  paffengers  is  faid  to  exceed 
150,  It  is  9  miles  north  of  Albany,  3 
above  Troy,  175  north  of  New-Yorkj, 
and  270  N.  N,  £.  of  Philadelphia. 

Lapis  Lazuli,  a  finall  rock  fur- 
rounded  with  and  almoft  covered  by 
the  fea  on  the  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia.  It 
is  about  a  miles  from  Monano  Ifland» 
and  fhews  the  paffage  into  St.  JohaS 
river. 

La  PfcATE,    See  Paraguay. 

Large  Rock  lies  on  the  S,  bank  of 
Ohio  river,  in  the  tradt  called  Indiana^ 
and  nearly  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Mui- 
kingum  river. 

Large  Island,  one  of  the  largelDk 
iOands  on  the  Labrador  coaft,  due  weft 
of  the  mouth  of  Shecatica  Bay. 

Laricaxas,  a  province  of  La  Paz, 
and  audience  of  Charcas,  in  Peru.  It 
lies  ac^acent  to  the  territories  of  the  ju- 
rifdi^on  of  La  Paz,  and  to  the  north 
of  that  city,  extending  iz8  leagues  from 
£.  to  W.  and  about  30  from  N.  to  S, 
It  abounds  in  goldmines,  the  metal o^ 
which  is  of  fo  fine  a  quality,  that  its 
flandard  is  33  carats  and  3  grains. 

Latacunga,  Ajfipito  ^  th^  firft 
jurifdiiSHon  to  the  fbuthward  of  tliat  of 
Qnito,  in  Peru.  The  word  n$enU  im- 
plies a  place  lefs  than  a  town,  out  larger 
than  a  village.  It  ftands  on  a  wide 
plain,  having  on  its  eaft  fide  the  eaftern 
Cordillera  (rf  the  Andes,  from  which 
projedfi  a  very  high  mountain ;  aqd  at 
a  fraall  diftance  from  its  foot  is  Ctuated 
Latacunga,  in  1$^^  14'  30"  S.  lat.  On 
its  W.  (ide  is  a  river,  which  is  ibmednes 
fordable,  but  generally  paffed  ovora 
bridge.  TIus  ^ento  ii  ijirge  and  reg- 
ular, the  ftreets  broad  and  ftraight,  thii; 
houfes  of  ftuQCi  arched)  and  w<U  con« 

trivedf 


L  A  U  " 

tr{red»  one  (lory  high.  This  precaution 
the  inbabiunu  were  taught  to  obferve 
hy  a  dreadful  deftru Aton  3i  all  the  build> 
ipgSy  on  the  loth  of  June,  1699.    Out 
01600  ftone  honfes,  which  the  affiento 
then  contalnedi  only  a  part  of  one»  and 
tlie  Jefuit's  church,  were  left  ftanding, 
and  raoft  of  the  inhabitants  were  buried 
in  the  ruins.    The  ftone  of  which  the 
houfes  and  churches  are  built,  is  a  kind 
of  pumice,  or  fpongy  done,  ejeAed 
ifrom  volcanoes ;  which  have  formed  in- 
exliauftible  quarries  in  the  neichbour- 
hood.     It  is  io  light,  that  it  wul  fwim 
in  the  water,  andm>m  its  great  porofity, 
the  lime  cements  the  duterent  pieces 
very  ftrongly  together.    This  jurifdic> 
tion  contains  1 7  principal  villages.   The 
air  of  the  affiento  is  colder  from  the 
place  being  only  6  leagues  from  the 
mountain  of  Cotopaxi ;  which  as  it  is 
not  ieis  in  height  or  extent  than  thofe 
of  Chunborazo  and  Caymburo,  fo,  like 
them,  it  is  covered  with  ice  and  fnow. 
The  villages  are  populous ;  fuch  as  are 
feated  in  the  vallies  are  hot,  thofe  in 
the  plains  temperate,  whilft  thofe  which 
border  on  the  mountains,  like  that  of  I 
the  afllento,  are  cold,  and  fomedroes  to 
an  exceflive  degree.    The  inhabitants 
amount  to  about  ia,ooo,  chiefly  Span- 
iards and  Mef^zoes.    Oreat  quantities 
of  pork  are  faked  h-jre   and  fent  to 
^uito,  Guayaquil,  and  Riobamba,  being 
highly  valued  for  the  peculiar  flavour 
given  it  in  the  pickling.    The  manufac- 
tures are  thofe  of  cloth,  bays,  and  tucu- 
yos.     The  inhabitants  of  Pugili,  and 
Saqiufili,  are  noted  for  making  earthen 
ware,    highly    valued    all    over    the 
province  of  Quito.    The  clay  of  which 
they  are  made  is  of  a  lively  red,  remark- 
ably finci  emitting  a  kind  of  fragrancy. 
ana  the  workmanfhip  very  neat  ana 
ingenious. 

LAvail>  MovNTAiK,  a  ranae  of 
mountains  weftward  of  the  Alleghany 
ridge,  and  a  part  of  what  is  called  the 
Alleghany  Mountains.  It  extends  from 
Pcnnfylvania  to  N«  Carolina,  and  gives 
rife  to  feveral  branches  of  the  Ohio 
river.  The  Gieat  Kanhaway  breaks 
through  the  Laurel  Kidge  in  its  way  to 
die  Ohio,  in  N.  lat.  38**  30',  W.  long. 
8t°  19'.  In  a  fpur  of  this  mountain, 
about  Iftitude  36 ',  is  a  ipring  of  water, 
56  feet  deep,  very  cold,  an^  it  is  faid, 
as  blue  a>  indigo.  The  Iand«  within  a 
^all  diftance  of  the  Laurel  Mountain, 
through  which  the  Yougjiiogany  runs. 


li  A  U 

are  in  many  places  farokea  and  fteaey, 
but  rich  and  well  tinibered }  and  in  fome 
phces,    and    particularly  on   ^ivel 
Creek,  they  are  rocky  and  mountainous. 
From  the  Laurel  Mountain  to  Mooon- 
gahela,  the  fir  ^  7  miles  are  good,  level 
farming  lands,  with  fine  meadows ;  the 
timber,  whitcoak,  chefbut,  luckory,  &c. 
Lawrevc^  Riwtr  and  Gt^ft  St.   St. 
Lawrence  is  one  of  tkeJjargeft  rivers  in 
N.  America.    It  iiTues  fwm  Lake  Onu- 
no,  forming  the  ondet  of  the  long  chain 
of  great  lues,  which  feparate  upper* 
Canada  from  the  United  States.    From 
Lake  Ontario  to  Montreal  it  has  the 
name  of  Iroquois,  and  taking  a  nord)> 
tt&  courfe  emtx>foms  the  idand  of  Mon« 
trcal ;  juft  above  which  it  receives  Ot- 
tawas  from  the  weft,  and  forms  many 
fertile  iflands.    From  Montreal  it  a£> 
fumes  the  name  of  St.  Lawrence,  and 
continuing  tlie  fame  courfe  pafFcs  by 
Quebec,  and  meets  the.  tide  upwards  of 
400,  miles  from  the  fea.  and  is  fo  far 
navigable  for  large  vefTels.    Having  re- 
ceived in  its  courfe  befides  Ottawas,  St, 
John's,  Seguina,  Defcraires,  Trois  Riv- 
ieres, and  innumerable  other  fmaller 
ftreams,  it  falls  into  die  ocean  at  Cape 
Rofieres,  by  a  mouth  about  90  miles 
broad.    In  its  courfe  it  forms  a  great 
variety  of  bays,  harbours,  and  iflands, 
many  of  them  fruitfid  and  extremely 
pleafant.    See  ^bec^  Montreal^  &c. 
The  main  entrance  into  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  is 
on  the  eaftward  between  Cape  Ray,  the 
foud)  point  of  Newfoundland  IQand, 
and  the  north  cape  of  Cape  Breton  } 
the  Gut  of  Canfo  leads  into  it  from  the 
S.  E.  between  Nova-Scotia  and  the  S. 
end  of  Cape  Breton  ;  and  the  Straits  of 
Bellifle  lead  into  it  from  the  north  be- 
tween Newfoundland  Ifland  and  the 
coaft  of  Labrador.    It  contains  a  num- 
ber of  iflands,  viz,   St.  John's  at  its 
ibuthem  extremity,  on   the  coaft  of 
New-Brunfwick  and  Nova-Scotia  ;  An- 
ticofti,  St  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Law. 
rence ;  befides  a  number  of  fmaller  ifl- 
ands. 

Lavrens,  a  county  in  Ninety-Six 
diftriA,  S.  Carolina,  lying  between  Eno- 
ree  and  Saluda  rivers.  It  is  about  31 
miles  long,  and  ss  broad,  and  contains 
8,ai7  free  inhabitants,  and  j,iso  flaves. 
Laurens  Court-Hotijit  in  the  above 
county,  is  20  miles  from  Bufh  river,  3» 
from  Newbury  covut-houfe,and  40  fron 
Grccnyillc,  ^    t^  r  -  h: 

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1  E  B 

• 'Lawrence,  Fort,  is  a  little  above 
die  croflinjT  place  of  Tufcarawas,  a 
branch  of  Mulliingum  river. 
•  Lawrence-Town,  a  thinly  fettled 
figricultural  tovmfhip,  a  few  miles  to 
the  eaftward  of  Halifax  in  Nova-Scotia. 

L AVtLt NT  of  the  Mine,  St.  a  fettle- 
mient  in  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  near 
the  Spanifh  capital,  St.  Domingo.  It 
Hands  in  the  place  where  the  capital 
was  firft  founded,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
Ozama,  and  about  a  quarter  of  a  league 
from  its  confluence  with  the  Ifabella.  It 
can  only  be  confidered  as  a  dependency 
on  St.  Domingo,  and  contains  300  in- 
habitants, all  free  negroes,  forming  a 
cure.  It  was  formed  m  i7a.i,  by  i»8 
run-away  French  negroes  who  being 
Sent  down  to  the  bay  of  Ocoa  to  be 
(hipped  off,  the  Spaniards  attacked  the 
efcort,  and  gave  arms  to  the  fugitives, 
maintaining  that  they  were  free  men, 

LAWUNAK-HA.KNOCK,  a  Moravian 
fettlement  nearly  oppofite  Gofligofhink, 
on  Alleghany  tiver,  and  ao  miles  tiorth- 
eaft  of  Fort  Franklin. 

Lazaros,  Archipelago  of,  St,  See 
De  Fonf-e. 

Leacock,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Leasburgh,  the  chief  town  of  Caf- 
wcll  county,  N.  Carolina.  It  contains 
a  court-houfe,  "^gaol,  and  a  few  houfes. 

Lebanon,  a  townfliip  in  York  coun- 
ty, Diftriift  of  Maine,  iitu$ted  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  Saknon  Fall  river,  100  miles 
north  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1767,  and  contains  1*75  inhabitants. 
A  fpecies  of  ftone  is  found  here  which 
yields  copperas  and  fulphur. 

Lebanok,  New,  a  pleafant  village  ia 
New- York  State,  bordering  on  Pittsfield, 
Maffachufetts,  fituated  partly  in  a  vale, 
and  partly  on  the  declivity  of  hills. 
The  medicinal  fprings  here  are  next  in 
celebrity,  to  thofe  of  Saratoga,  The 
pool  is  fituated  on  a  commanding  emi- 
nence, overlooking  the  valley,  and  fur- 
rounded  with  a  few  houfes  which  afford 
tolerable  accommodatio'>.s  to  invalids. 

Lebanon,  a  townfliip  in  Windham 
county, Conne<5ticut, was  fettled  in  1697. 
The  foil  is  equal  to  almoft  any  in  the 
.State,  and  the  inhabitants  are  generally 
farmers,  many  of  whom  are  wealthy. 
The  thick  fettled  part  of  the  town 
forms  a  very  wide  ftreet,  and  the  houfes 
are  at  conliderable  diftances  from  each 
other.  Academic  education  has  been 
patronized  in  tkis  place  for  above  80 


1  E  E 

years,  greatly  to  the  honour  of  the  peo» 
pie.  The  river  Shetucket  is  formed  by 
the  junction  of  Willamantic  and  Mount 
Hope  rivers,  which  unite  between  thi$ 
town  and  Windham.  It  lies  9  miles 
north  of  Norwich,  and  30  fouth-eaft  of 
Hartford. 

Lebanon,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Harapftiire,  fituated  on 
Mufcomy  river,  and  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  Connedicut,  %  miles  below  Dart- 
mouth College.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1 761.  In  1775  it  contained  347  inhab- 
itants, and  in  1790 — i  ifio.  It  is  in  con< 
templation  to  budd  a  bridge  on  Connec- 
ticut river  at  the  middle  bar  of  Agar'9 
falls  in  this  town>  where  the  diftance  be- 
tween the  rocks  is  no  feet.  It  is  3* 
miles  gbove  tlie  bridge  built  by  Col, 
Hale  at  Bellows's  Falls  at  Walpole.  See 
Mafcomy  Pond. 

Lebanon,  a  poft-town  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  fituated  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
Quilipahilla  creek,  in  Dauphin  county, 
AEbut  a  mile  from  the  town  is  the  SuA 
quehannah,  and  Schuylkill  canal,  which 
cpnneds  this  creek  with  the  Tulpe- 
liocken,  a  branch  of  the  iSchuylkillt 
Lebanon  contains  about  300  ^oufes,  reg- 
ularly built,  many  of  which  are  of  brick 
and  ftone  ;  a  German^  I^u^heran  and  a 
Calvinift  church.  It  is  45  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Harrifburg,  43  E.  by  S.  of  Carlifle, 
and  8!^  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Lee,  a  fmall  town  in  Strafford  coun- 
ty, New-Hampfliire,  about  i»  miles 
north  of  Exeter.  It  was  formerly  part 
of  Dover  and  Durham,  and  was  incorr 
porated  in  1766.  In  1775  it  contained 
954  inhabitants,  in  1790 — 1029. 

Lee,  For/,  was  ere<5ted  by  the  At 
mericans  during  the  late  war,  on  the 
weft  bank  of  North  river,  having  the 
traft  called  the  Englifli  Neighbourhood 
on  the  north,  and  that  called  Hebokeni 
on  the  fouthward,  in  N.  lat.  40*  56',  and 
about  9  miles  above  the  town  of  Bergen, 
The  Americans  had  a,ooo  men  in  gar- 
rifbn  here  in  the  late  w^r,  but  evacuated 
it  in  November,  1776,  with  the  lofs  of 
their  artillery  and  ftores. 

Lee,  a  county  of  Virginia,  lately  tak-. 
en  from  RufTel,  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of 
the  State,  bounded  fouth  by  the  State  of 
N.  Carolina,  and  weft  by  Kentucky. 

Lee,  a  townfhip  in  Berkfhire  countfv 
MafTachufetts,  5  mi.'esforJierly  of  Len- 
ox, 4  eaft  of  Stockbridge,and  i4oweffc 
of  Bofton  5  was  incorporated  in  I77r». 
and  contaios  1,170  inbatntants.    Hoiiu^- 

tooick 


Lee' 


tonick  river  runs  foatherly  through  this 
town. 

Leeds,  a  town  in  the  eaftern  part  of 
Gloucefter  county,  New-Jerfey,  4  miles 
weft  of  the  mouth  of  Mullicus  river,  and 
i  north'Wefterly  of  Brigantine  Inlet. 

Leeds,  a  village  of  Richmond  coun- 
ty, Virginia,  fituated  on  the  north  bank 
of  Rappahannock  river  ;  14  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Port-Royal,  40  S.  E.  of  Frederickf- 
burg,  and  70  N.  E.  of  Richmond.  Near 
Leedftown  is  a  famous  couife  for  hotfe- 
racing. 

Lbefoooa,  one  of  the  Friendly  ifl- 
ands,  in  the  South  Sea.  it  was  vilited 
by  Captain  Cook  in  i7;»6,  who  conlid- 
ers  it,  in  fome  relbefts,  fuperior  to  An- 
amooka.  The  iUand  is  fituated  near 
Hapaee,  and  is  about  7  miles  long  and 
i  broad. 

LEESBURti.    See  Leq/hurg. 

Leesburg,  a  poft-town  of  Maryland, 
is  miles  from  Frederickftown. 

LeRsAvrc,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia, 
ind  capital  of  Loudon  countv.  It  is  fit- 
uated 6  miles  S.  W.  of  the  i*atowmac, 
^nd  4  fouth  of  Ooofe  Creek,  a  branch 
of  that  river  on  the  great  road  leading 
from  Philadelphia  to  the  fouthward, 
and  on  the  leading  road  from  Alexan- 
dria to  Bath.  It  contains  about  60  hou- 
fes,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  It  is  ao 
miles  from  Salilbury,  3*  from  Shep- 
herdftown,  ao  miles  from  Frederickf- 
town in  Maryland,  46  north-weft  of 
Alexandria,  and  64  £.  S.  £.  of  Win- 
ohefter. 

Leesburg,  or  Leejlo-wttf  a  fettle- 
ment  in  Kentucky,  on  the  banks  of  Ken- 
tucky river,  ao  miles  from  Lexington, 
and  about  30  from  the  Upper  Blue 
Lick.  It  was  deftroyed  by  the  Indians 
and  abandoned.  The  country  for  ma- 
ny miles  round  is  firft  rate  land.  Great 
plenty  of  marble  is  found  on  the  banks 
of  Kentucky,  particularly  at  this  place. 

Lee's  Island,  in  Patowmac  river,  in 
Fairfax  county,  Virginia,  about  a  miles 
fouth-eaftwara  of  Thorp,  which  is  on 
the  north  fide  of  Goofe  Creek. 

Le e  K,  a  fraall  ifland  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  Delaware  river. 

Le&waro  Islands.  See  Wefi-Jn- 
i'us. 

Lehigh,  or  Lecha^  a  river  which  ri- 
fes^n  Northampton  county,  Pennfylva- 
nia, about  ai  miles  eaft  of  Wyoming 
Falls,  in  Sufquehannah  river,  and  taking 
a  circular  courfe,  pafllng  through  the 
Blue   Mountains,  empties  into  Dela- 

IgJS'A''' '  ■  ■■■*  ■     ; 


ware  river  on  the  fouth  fide  of  EaAonV 
1 1  miles  N.  E.  of  Bethlehem.  It  r  uns  a^ 
bout  75  miles,  and  is  navigable  30  milesv 

Le  Grand,  a  confiderable  river  of 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  which  rifes  with- 
in a  few  miles  of  the  weft  extremity  of 
Lake  Erie,  and  purfuing  a  N.  N.  W. 
courfe  for  nearly  loo  miles,  thence  turn- 
ing to  the  weft,  empties  into  Lake  Mi- 
chigan. It  is  about  a5o  yards  wide  at 
its  confluence  with  the  lake. 

LLiCESTER,a  townlhtp  in  Addifoa 
county,  Vermont,  fituated  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Otter  Creek,  haying  343  inhab- 
itants. Great  Trout  Pond,  or  Lake,  i» 
partly  in  tliis  town,  and  partly  in  Salif- 
bury,  on  the  north.  This  town  was 
granted  Oft.  ao,  ir6i.  » 

Leicester,  called  by  the  Indian  na« 
lives  Tonutaidi  is  a  confiderable  town  in 
Worcefter  CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing 
1076  inhabitants.  It  is  fituated  upon  the 
poft-road  from  Bofton  to  Hartford,  New- 
York  and  Pliiladelphia,  6  miles  wefterly 
of  Worcefter,  and  54  W.  by  S.  of  Bos- 
ton ;  bounded  N.  by  Faxton  and  S. 
by  Oxford.  It  was  fettled  in  1713, 
and  incorporated  in  i7ao  or  1731. 
There  are  three  meeting-houfes  here 
for  Congregationalifts,  Anabaptifts,  and 
Quakers  ;  who  live  in  harmony  togeth- 
er. The  Lelctjler  Academy  was  incor- 
porated in  1784,  and  is;  well  endowed. 
Wool  cards  are  manufaftured  here  to 
the  annual  amount  of  15,000  pairs. 

Lemington,  a  tpwnfhip  in  Eflex 
county,  Vermont,  on  the  weft  bank  of 
Connecticut  river,  and  near  the  N.  E. 
corner  of  the  State.  _The_  Great  Mo- 
nadnock  mountain  is'  in.  this  town.  It 
contains  31  inhabitants.  m-A-v 

Le  Maire.    Ste  MaJrf.  T  . *    . 

Lempster,  an  inconfiderable  town- 
fhip  in  Chefhire  county,  New-Hamp- 
(hire.  It  was  incorporated ; in  1761. 
In  1775  it  contained  ia8  and  in  1790 — 
414  inhabitants. 

Lenoir,  a  county  of  Newbern  dif^ 
trift,  N.  Carolina,  fiarrounded  by  Glaf- 
gow,  Craven,  Jones,  and  Dauphin.  It 
contains  3,484  free  inhabitants,  and  95  7 
flaves.    Chief  town,  Kingfton. 

Lenox,  the  fhire  town  of  Berkfhire 
county,  MaiTachufetts.  It  is  a,  pleaiknt 
and  tnriving  town,  and  has  a  court- 
houfeand  gaol.  Houfatonick  river  paiT- 
es  through  the  town.  It  lies  eaft  of 
Wafhinpton,  fouth  of  Pittsfield,  17 
miles  louth-rveftcrly  of  Cheftcr,  and^ 
14J  miles  north  of  Bofton.  ''7 

LSOCANB, 


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LED 

LsoGAMB,  Bay^t  called  alfo  Blsf>tf 
or  Bite  of  Leogane»  alfo  Cul  de  Sac  of 
leogane,  at  the  weft  end  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  DpmingOi  is  formed  by  two  pe- 
■infulas.     It  opens  between  Cape  St. 
Nicholas  at  the  weft  end  of  the  north 
peniiifula,  and  Cape  Dame  Marie,  the 
N.  W.  point  of  the  iouth  peninfula,  45 
leagues  apart.    At  the  bottom  of  the 
bay  are  the  iflattds  Oonave,  and  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  fouth  peninfitla  the 
tiles  Reffif  and  Caymite.    It  embofoms 
a  vaft  number  of  fine  bays.    The  chief 
bays»  tOMms  and  ports  from  Cape  St. 
Nicholas  round  to  Cape  Dame  Marie 
are  La  Plate  Forme,  or  the  Platform, 
Oonaires,  St.  Marc,  Montrouis,  Archa- 
haye,  Port  au  Prince,  Leogane,  Ooave, 
Miragoane,  Petit,  Trou*  Bay  of  Barada- 
ires.   Bay  of  Durot,   Jereraie,    Cape 
Dame  Marie,  &c.    Trou  Bordet*  at  the 
head  of  which,  is  Fort  au  Prince,  is  at 
the  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Leogane  eaft- 
Ward,  60  leagues  £.  of  Cape  Dame  Ma- 
rie, and  52  S.  £.  of  Cape  St.  Nicholas. 
LcocANS,  a  fca-port  town  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin* 
go,  fituated  cm  the  N.  fide  of  the  neck 
of  the  fouth  peninfula  in  the  bay  or  bite 
of  Leogane,  at  the  head  of  a  fmall  bay 
which  lets  up  E.  ftom  the  bay  of  Grand 
Goave,  4  leagues  N.  E.  of  tne  town  of 
that  name,  6|  N.  of  Jacrael,  8  N.  W. 
of  Cayes  de  Jacmel,  9  W.  by  S.  4if  Port 
au  Pnnce,  and  6i  leagues  S.  E.  of  Petite 
Oonare  ifland.     N.  lat.  18®  jb',   W. 
long,  from  Paris  75"  *'.    It  is  an  agree- 
ble,  pleafant,  andf  commercial  place. 
The  exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789,  to  Dec. 
31,  of  the  fame  year,  were  g95,87zlbs. 
white  fugar— 7,079,3o{Ibs.  brown  fu* 
giir— i,93a,95albs.  coffee— 139,88 jlb. 
cotton-^and  4i9 6olb3.  indicp.  The  du- 
ties on  the  exportation  of  the  above, 
a6,zo3  dollars  70  cents. 

LEOMntsTBa,a  poft-towninWorcef- 
ter  county,  Maflachufetts,  7  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Lancafter,  ao  S.  E.  of  Win- 
chendon,  46  wefl:ward  of  Bofl;on,  19  N. 
of  Worcefter,  and  so  3.  of  Marlboroogh, 
in  New-Hampfbh-e,  has  a  printbg-omce 
and  leveral  neat  buildings.  This  town- 
fhip  wtis  taken  from  Lancafter,  incor- 
porated in  1740,  and  cont^s  1x89  in- 
habitants. On  the  (Afferent  fbreams 
\i^ich  pa(s  through  the  town  are 
a  grift-imlls,  5  faw-mills,  an  oil-mill, 
and  clothiers  works,  vepy  excellent. 
About  «oo,ooo  bricks  are  annually  made 
bore.    The  manafa&ure  of  combs  Is 


alfo  Carried  on  to  great  perfpftiori  and 
profit.  Leominfter  Core,  adjoining,  con* 
uins  a  7  bhabitams. 

Lrom,  a  river  which  falls  into  Xh6 
Gulf  of  Mexico  from  the  N«  W^  at  the 
bay  of  St.  Bernard. 

LsoN,  Nenut  a  popabus  kingdom  of 
New-Spain,  in  N.  America,  in  whidi 
are  fcveral  fihrer  mines. 

LtoN,  a  town  of  the  prorirrce  of 
Partuco,  in  Mexico.  It  has  rich  mines, 
and  lies  30  leagues  north  of  Mechoacan, 
and  55  N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Leotn  de  Caracas,  St.  a  city«  the 
capital  of  the  province  of  the  Caracns* 
fituated  on  a  river,  about  6  leagues  foutii 
from  the  coaft,  enclofed  by  mountains,) 
The  valley  in  which  it  fUnds  is  a  favan-* 
nah,  well  watered  and  very  heafthy, 
about  3  leagues  long  and  i  broad  in  the 
middle,  the  only  entrance  into  which  is 
through  a  crooked  and  fbep  roatd.  The 
city  IS  near  a  mile  hntg;  the  houfea 
handfome  and  well  frimifliea ;  the  ftreeu 
regular,  ilraight  and  broad,  cutting  each 
other  at  rifdit  angles,  and  terminating 
in  a  magnincent  Tquare  in  the  centre. 
It  contams  aboutU  or  5,000  inhabitants ; 
molt  of  whom  are  owners  of  cocda  plan- 
tations, which  14  or  13^0  nc^es 
cultivate  in  the  rich  vallies,  which  is 
almoft  the  only  cultivation  they  have. 

Lion  db  Nicaragua,  a  town  of 
N.  America  in  New-Spain,  and  in  the 
province  of  Nicaragua  |  the  refidence 
of  a  governor,  and  a  bifhop^s  fee.  It 
was  taken  by  the  buccaneen  in  1685,  in: 
fight  of  a  Spanifh  army  who  were  6  to 
1 :  is  featea  at  the  foot  of  a  motintain, 
which  is  a  volcano,  and  occafions  earth- 
quakes. It  confifts  of  ab'^ut  1000  hout 
es,  and  has  feveral  monallcries  and  nun- 
neries belonging  to  it.  At  one  end  of 
the  town  is  a  laxe  which  ebbs  and  flows 
like  the  fea.  It  is  30  miles  from  the 
South  Sea.  N.  lat.  ix»  15',  W.  long. 
88"  10'. 

Leonardstown,  a  poft-town  of 
Maryland,  and  the  capital  of  St.  Mary's 
county,  isr  fituated  on  the  eail  fide  of 
Britton's  brook,  juft  where  it  fells  into 
Britton's  bay,  5  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
the  Patowmac,  and  comains  about  50 
houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  It  is 
X13  miles  fouth  of  Baltimore,  62  S.  by 
E.  of  Upper  Marlborough,  30  fbuth-eaft 
of  Port  Tobacco,  and  417  fouth-weftof 
Philadelphia.    N.  lat.  38"  18'. 

Lepers'  IJIand,  one  of  the  New  He' 
hridtt.    The  inhabitants  of  this  ifland*,' 

according 


of 

lary'5 

le  ot 

(Is  into 

juthin 

)ut  50 

his 

S.  by 

kh-eaft 

Iwcftof 

IIp<tu  Hf' 
liflatidii 
ling 


t  E  W 

licordlngto  BougainviUt^s  a^coubtoi^ 
tiiem,  "  are  of  two  celours,  black  and 
hnilattp.  Thehr  lips  are  thick,  their 
hair  frizzled^  and  lome  have  a  kind  of 
fellow  wool ;  they  arc  fmall,  ugly,  ilU 
made,  and  in  general  devoured  by  the 
ieprq/yt  which  occafioned  the  cBfcoverer 
jiougainville  to  call  it  the  IJIe  ^  Leperrt 
Ifew  women  were  feen,  but  they  were 
Altogether  as  dilbufting  as  the  men. 
They  go  naked,  hardly  covering  their 
waifts  with  a  mat."  They  carry  their 
children  on  their  backs  in  a  kind  of 
fcarf.  They  wear  ornaments  in  their 
noftrils ;  and  have  no  beards. 

Lb  Roach  IJland,  is  near  Faulk- 
land's  iHands)  diifcovered  in  1657. 

Les  Caybs,  a  jurifdiAion  on  the  S« 
fide  of  the  French  i>art  uf  the  illand  of 
St.  Domingo,  contains  4  parilhcs  and 
"yields  abundance  of  fugar,  cotton,  and 
cofiee.  Its  exports  from  the  town  Les 
Caves  from  January  z,  1 789,  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  2,597,666lb>  white 
fugar ;  34,5  36,05 olb.  brown  fiigar  ) 
3,oa5,6o4lb.  coffee ;  8c5,447lb.  cotton ; 
*69>3cjlb>  indigo ;  and  fnoall articles  to 
the  value  of  8,a<6  livres.  The  value  of 
duties  paid  on  the  above  oa  exportation 
xoi,5z8  dollars,  85  cents.  The  town 
J^s  Qayer  lies  between  the  villages 
Torbeck  and  Cavaillon,  on  the  large 
bay  which  fetsup  to  the  iHand  Avache; 
from  which  it  is  about  3  leagues  diHant, 
and  $  leagues  northerly  oTPoint  Aba- 
con.  N.  lat.  zg°  xa',  W.  k)ng.  from 
Paris  76'  V, 

Lettkrkbnny,  a  townlhip  in 
Franklin  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Leverett,  a  townlhip  in  Hamp- 
(hire  county,  Maflachufetts,  near  Con- 
ne^icut  river,  and  95  milds  weft  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1774,  and 
contains  524  inhaoitants.  A  copper 
mine  has  been  found  in  this  townfliip. 

Lev  I,  a  point  of  land  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,oppo(iteto  the  city  of  Quebec. 

Lewis,  a  town  in  Eflex  county,  S. 
W.  of  Lemington,  ai^oining,  in  Ver- 
mont. It  is  about  8  nules  iouth  of  the 
Canada  line. 

Lewis  Crbbk,  in  Vermont,  a  finall 
ftream  which  falls  into  Lake  Champlain 
at  Fetrifburg,  a  litde  north  of  the  mouth 
of  Litde  Otter  Creek. 

Lewis's  Bay.  See  Barnflabh  Com- 
/y,  Maflachufetts. 

Lbwisburo.    See  Louijhourg. 

LBWisBURQ,a  county  in  Or^atge- 
Vurgb  diftriA,  S.  Carolina. 
W 


LEW 

tiwiSBVfto,  a  poft-town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, and  capital  of  Franklin  county. 
It  is  fituated  on  Tar  river,  and  contains 
between  ao  and  30  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  30  miles  N.  of 
Raleigh,  25  fouth  of  Warrenton,  j;6 
from  Tarix>rough,  and  4x1  from  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Lewisburo,  a  poft-town,  and  the 
chief  town  ofGreenbriar  county,  Vir- 
ginia ;  fituated  on  the  N.  fide  of  Green- 
bri^  river,  contains  about  60  houfes, 
a  court-houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  ajo 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond,  and 
486  W.  by  S.  of  Philad''>phia.  N.  lat. 
38»  8'. 

Lewisbvrg,  or  Tarflenutt^  a  town 
of  Northumberland  county,  Pennfylva- 
nia ;  fituated  on  the  weft  fide  ot  the 
Sufquehannah,  7  miles  above  Northum- 
berland. It  contains  about  60  houfes, 
and  is  well  fituated  for  carrying  on  a 
brilk  trade  with  the  N.  W.  part  of  the 
Sute.  It  is  30  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Aa< 
ronflxirg. 

LawisTOWM,  ajplantationin  Lincoln 
county,  Diftrift  of  Maine,  fituated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Androfcoggin  river,  and 
bounded  S.W. by  Bowdoin.  Lewiftown 
and  Gore  contain  ^31  inhabitants.  It 
is  36  miles  N.  £.  of  Portland. 

Lewistown,  or  Lenvej,  a  town  in 
Suflex  county,  Delaware,  is  pleafantly 
fituated  on  Lewes  creek,  3  miles  above 
its  mouth  in  Delaware  Bay,  and  as  far 
W.  by  N.  of  the  light-houfe  on  Cape 
Henlopen.    It  contains  a  Prelbyteriaa 
and  Methodift  church,  and  about  150 
houfes,  built  chiefly  on  a  ftreet  which 
is  more  than  3  miles  in  length,  and  ex- 
tending along  a  creek,  which  feparatcs 
the  town  from  the  pitch  of  the  cape. 
The  iituation  is  liigh,  and  commands  a 
full  profpeA  of  the  light-houfe,  and  the 
Tea.    The  court-houfe  and  the  gaol  are 
commodious  buildings,  and  give  an  air 
of  importance  to  the  town.    The  fitua- 
don  of  this  place  muft  at  fome  fixture 
time  render  it  of  confiderable  impor- 
tance.   Placed  at  the  entrance  of  a  bay, 
which  is  crowded  with  veflels  from  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  which  is  fre- 
quendy  clewed  widi  ice  a  part  of  the 
winter  feafon,  neceflity  feems  to  require, 
and  nature  ftems  to  fuggeft,  the  form- 
ing this  port  into  a  harbour  for  (hipping. 
The  deficiency  of  watar  in  the  creek^ 
may  be  cheaply  and  eaiHy  fuppiied  by 
a  fmall  canal  to  as  to  afford  a  pafliag^ 
for  the  Waters  of  Kehoboth  into  Lewes 

creeic. 


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erect,  which  would  enfurc  an  adcqM.itc 
fupply.  The  circumjacent  country  is 
beautifully  divernticd  with  hills,  woods, 
ftre:uiis,  and  hikes,  forming  an  agreea- 
ble contraft  to  the  naked  landy  hcach, 
tvhich  terminates  ih  the  cape  ;  but  it  is 

Jjreatly  infelVed  with  rtiuiloitoes  and 
and-flies.  It  carries  on  u  lVn.ill  tratte 
with  Philadelphia  in  the  produflions  of 
the  country.  A  manufiidure  of  marine 
and  glauber  filts,  and  magncfia,  has 
been  lately  cftabliflied  here,  which  is 
managed  by  a  gentleman  (killed  in  the 
prailical  knowledge  of  chemillry.  It 
18  113  miles  footh  of  Philadd^jliia.  N. 
ht.  j8»  6\  W.  long.  7,^°  18'. 

Lewistown,  the  chief"  town  of  Mif- 
flin county,  Pennfylvania,  fituated  on 
the  northern  fide  of  Juniatta  river,  on 
the  W.  fide,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Cilh- 
icoquilis  creek  ;  a  Ihort  way  weft  of  the 
Long  Narrows  in  Juniatta  river,  and 
about  23  miles  north-eafterlr  of  Hunt- 
ingdon, h  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  about  rao  dwelling-honfes,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 795,  and  is  governed  by  two 
bnrgefles,  one  high  conftable,  a  towit- 
clerK,  and  two  afTiftants.  It  is  150 
miles  W.  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
fat.  Ao**  33',  W.  long.  77°  23'. 

Lewunakhannek,  a  town  on  the 
Ohio,  where  Chriftian  Indians  fettled  un- 
der the  care  of  the  Moravian  mi/Eona- 
rics. 

Lexawacse»n,  a  fmall  rivef  of 
Peanfylvania,  which  rifes  by  I'everal 
branches  in  Northampton  county,  Penn- 
fylvania, on  the  eaft  fide  of  Mount  Ara- 
rat ;  thefe  unite  about  10  miles  from  its 
•mouth  in  Delaware  river.-  Its  courle  is 
S.  E.  and  eaft.  It  joins  the  Delaware 
about  174  miles  above  Philadelphia.  _ 

Lexington,  a  poft-town  of  Virgin- 
ia, and  capital  of  Rockbridge  county. 
Jt  is  fituated  on  the  poft-road  from  Phil- 
adelphia to  Kentucky,  by  way  of  the 
tV'ildernefs,  and  alwut  a  mile  foutli  of  the 
north  branch  of  James's  river.  It  con- 
tains a  court-houfe,  gaol,  and  about  100 
houfcs.  The  lituation  of  the  town  is 
healthy  and  agreeable,  and  the  country 
Vound  highly  cultivated.  It  is  159 
wiles  W.  by  N,  of  Richmond,  398' 
from  Philadelphia,  and  465  fron>  Dan- 
ville in  K'-ntucky. 

Lexi  ;ton,  a  poft-town  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  formeily  the  metropolis  of 
that  State.  It  is  fituated  on  a  rich  ex- 
fieniive  plain,  in  Fayette  county,  on  the 


north  fide  of  Town  Fork,  a  fmall  ftrcaw 
which  fulls  into  the  fouth  branch  of 
Flkhorn  river.  It  i?  built  on  a  regular 
plan,  and  contains  about  ajo  houles,  ■^ 
places  of  public  worlhip,  a  court-houfe 
and  caol.  It  tontains  j  printing-oflices, 
which  publifli  two  weekly  gazettes  ;  has 
feveral  ftorcs  of  goods  wtll  aflbrted, 
and  is  a  floiirilhinp,  agreeable  place* 
It  is  fituated  in  the  inidft  of  ,1  fine  iradt 
of  country,  on  the  head  waters  of  Elk- 
horn  river,  44  miles  eaft  of  Frankfort, 
and  774  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
Its  inhabitants  are  fuppofed  to  amount 
now  (1796)  to  3,000  ;  among  whom  arc 
a  number  of  very  genteel  families,  af- 
fording very  agreeable  Ibciety^  N.  lat. 
3  8°  6',  W.  long.  85  "  81  Near  this  t9wn 
are  fortnd  curious  fcpulchres  full  of  hiv 
man  flcek-torTs.  It  has  been  afferted 
that  a  man  in"  or  near  the  town,  having 
dug  5  or  6  feet  below  the  furface  of  the 

ground,  came  to  a  large  flat  ftone,  un- 
er  which  was  a  well  of  common  deptli, 
regularly  and  artilicially  ftoned.  la 
the  viciiHty  of  Lexington  are  found  the 
remains  of  two  ancient  fortifications, 
fiimiflied  with  ditches  and  baftions, 
overgrown  with  large  trees. 

Ibxington,  a  county  itf  Orange- 
burgh  diftrift,  S.  Carohna. 

Lexington,  formerly  called  th<» 
Great  FaJls,  a  fmall  town  of  Ceoruia, 
fituated  on  the  fbuth  fide  of  Ogeechee 
river,  on  a  beautiful  eminence  which 
overlooks  the  falls  of  the  river.  It  is  % 
miles  from  Georgetown,  and  30  from 
Greenlborough. 

Lexington,  a  town  in  Middlefex 
county,  MjifTachufctts,  10  miles  N..'V\''. 
of  flofton,  having  a  neat  Congregation  J 
church,  and  a  number  of  compacft  houfes. 
It  has  been  rendered  fiumous  by  tl;e 
battle  fought  in  it,  April  19,  1775, 
which  may  be  cDnfrdered'  as  the  com- 
mencement of  the  American  revolution. 
This  towafliip  contains  941  inhabiunts, 
and  was  incorporated  in  171a. 

Ley  DEN,  H  townfhip  in  Hampfliirc 
county,  Maflachufetts,  between  Colerain 
and  Bernardfton,  29  miles  from  North- 
ampton, the  fhire  town,  and  117  N.  W. 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  101784, 
and  contains  989  inhabitants. 

LE2ARS,  an  Indian  nation,  who  in- 
habit between  the  mouth  of  tlie  Ohio 
and  Wabafh  riters.  They  can  furniih 
300  warriors. 

Liberty,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia, 
IS  miles  from  Ncw-Loiidon,  35  fron> 
-     ..,  FiBcaftle> 

ii 


L  I  M 

r!n«!iftle»  40  fiom  Franklir  coiirt-houfe, 
and  fts  ifom  Martinfbui^. 

LiDERTV-TowN,  a  village  of  Mary- 
land, fituated  in  Frederick  county,  10 
miles  norrii-caft  of  Fredcrickftown,  and 
about  44  N.  N.  W.  of  the  Federal  City. 
Copper  mines  have  been  found  near 
this  town,  and  have  been  worked ;  but 
to  no  great  extent  as  yet. 

LicHTBNAU,  a  Moravian  fettlcment 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Mufkiirgum  river, 
3  miles  below  Gofchachguenk  ;  but  as 
the  warriors  pafled  conftantly  through 
this  place,  it  was  fori'aken,  and  they  re- 
moved to  Salem,  s  miles  below  Gnaden- 
huetten. 

Lick,  a  name  by  which  falt^prinp;s 
are  called  in  tUe  weitern  parts  of  the 
United  Stites.    See  Bif:  Bone  Lick. 

Licking,  a  fiavigable  river  of  Ken- 
tucky, whidi  riios  on  the  weftern  con- 
fines of  Viiginia^  interlocks  with  the 
head  waters  of  Kentucky  river ;  runs 
in  a  N.  W.  direction,  upwards  of  i8o 
miles,  and  by  a  mouth  ijo  yards  wide 
flows  through  the  fouth  bunk  ef  Ohio 
river,  oppolite  fort  Walhington;  Upon 
tliis  river  are  iron-works,  and  numerous 
tilt  I'prings.  Its  principal  branch  is 
navigable  nearly  70  miles.  From  Limc- 
ftone  to  this  river,  the  country  is  very 
rich,  and  covered  with  cane,  rye-gtiafs, 
and  natural  dover. 

LiGONiF.R,  Fcrtf  lies  00  the  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Pittfburgi  s66  miles 
from  the  former  and  54  from  die  latter, 
and  9  miks  tV&ra  tJ^ie  E.  fide  of  Laurel 
Hill. 

LiGtrAKEA,  mountains  in  the  idand 
of  Jamaica.  At  the  foot  of  thefe  in  St. 
Andrew's  parifli,  about  6  miles  from 
Kingfton,  IS  the  moft  magnificent  bo- 
tanical garden  in  the  world.  It  was  ef- 
tablifliea  in  177.^,  under  thefandion  of 
the  aflembly.  Tin:  fortune  of  war  hav- 
ing thrown  into  Lord  Rodney's  hands 
many  rare  plants,  he  prefe«ted  to  his 
favoured  iiland  plants  of  the  genuine 
cinnamon,  the  mango,  bread-fruit,  and 
other  oriental  produdions ;  which  are 
now  become  common  in  the  iiland. 
See  OAd  Spring. 

LiLME,  a  citaciel  at  Cape  Ann,  in 
the  township  of  Glouceftci,  Mafl'aohu- 
IcttR. 

Lima,  the  middle  diviiton  of  Peru, 
in  S.  America.  It  has  Quito  on  the 
north,  the  mountains  called  the  Andes 
on  the  eill,  the  audience  of  Los  Char- 
CQS  oa  tho  foutb,  und  tlic  Fucific  oct^HU 


L  1  M 

on  the  weft.    There  arc  many  ^^Wl 
bcafts  in  the  audience. 

Lima,  the  capital  of  Peru,  in  S.  A- 
nierica,  is  alfo  called  Los  Reyes,  or  the 
City  of  Kings,  and  is  the  emporium  of 
riiis  part  of  ttie  world.  It  was  founded 
by  Don  Francifco  Pi/arro  on  the  iSth 
of  January,  i<i^  ;  is  (ituatcd  in  a  large, 
Ijjacious,  ana  fertile  plain,  called  flie 
valley  of  Rimac,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
river  Rimac,  wtiich  runs  "Wcftward. 
T^ie  na»ue  of  Lima  bemg  only  a  corrupt 
ponunciation  of  the  Indian  word,  which 
IS  derived  from  an  idol  to  which  the  In- 
dians and  tlieir  Yncas  ufed  to  facrifice. 
This  idol  being  fuppofed  to  return  an- 
fwcrs  to  iJie  prayers  offered  to  it,  they 
called  it,  "by  way  of  diftii"^ion,  ^(imiiC# 
i.  e.  the  fpcaker. 

It  is  fo  well  watered  by  die  river  Ri- 
mac, that  die  inh!ibitan*s  command  a 
ftrcani,  each  for  his  own  ufe.    The  N- 
(ide  of  the  town  runs  nearK-  clofe  to  the 
river  for  the  lengtli  of  iibout  10  furlongs. 
At  about  ^  of  this  fpacc,  from  the  weft- 
ern extcHt,  an  elegant  {h)ne  bt  idgt-  of  4 
or  5  arches  «  built  acrofs  the  river  lead- 
ing fouth,  about  200  yards  to  tlie  great 
fquare,  of  which  the  lido  is  about  140 
yards.     The    ftrcet    continues    foudi 
from  the  bridj^c,  for  near  a  mile,  having 
parallel  ttrects,  8  to  the  weft,  and  i  to 
the  eaft,  befidcs  other  ftrceis  which  rua 
obliquely    fouth-ealtward.      The     15 
ftrects,  running   nordi  and  fouth,  arc 
ciofl'ed  by  8  others  running  eaft  and 
weft,  befides  fever»l  to  the  iouthward, 
not  parallel  to  the  former,  and  others  in 
the  eafterji  parts,  which  have  different 
dirj£<5lions^     The  figure  of  the  town  is 
nearly  quadrilateral.     A  diag(,niJ  line 
running  eaft  and  weft,  would  liC  18  fur- 
longs in  length ;  and  the  I'outhern  per- 
pendicular, about  7  furlongs,  and  the 
northern  about  4  furlongs  ;  fo  th;it  the 
city  ftands  on  a  ipacc  of  ground  nearly 
e<|ual  to  a  mile  and  a  quarter  fquare. 
I'he  northern  fide  for  about  three  quar- 
ters of  a  mile  next  the  river,  is  fortified 
nioftly  by  redans  ;  the  relt  of  the  cir- 
cuit is  inclofed  with  34  hollow  bullions 
and  their  intermediate  curtains.    The 
whole  is  faced  with  a  brick  wall,  and 
furrounded  with  a  ditch,  but  has  no  cov- 
ered way,  glacis,  nor  outworks.    Ei^ht 
gates,  befides  that  at  the  bridge,  furnifli 
a    communication    with    the    adjacent 
country.    The  city  ftands  about  6  miles 
from  Callao,  which  is  the  fea-port  to 
Lunaioud  180  north-weft  of  Guamanga, 

The 


if 


1*^ 


r* 


LIM 


L  I  M 


The  white  people  in  Lima  ire  ellimated 
at  about  15,000)  and  the  whole  number 
of  inhabitants  ate  about  6o»ooo>  One 
remarkable  faft  is  fufficient  to  demon- 
ftrate  the  wealth  of  this  citv.  When 
the  viceroy,  the  Duke  de  la  Palada>made 
his  entry  into  Lima,  in  1683,  the  inhab* 
itants,  to  do  hira  honour,  caufed  the 
ftreets  to  be  paved  with  insots  of  filver, 
amounting  to  17  millions  nerling.  All 
travellers  ipeak  with  amazement  of  the 
decorations  of  the  churches  with  gold, 
fdver,  and  precious  ftooes,  which  load 
and  ornament  even  the  walls.  The 
only  thing  that  could  juftify  thele  ac- 
counts, is  the  immenfe  riches  and  exten- 
sive commerce  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
merchants  df  Lima  may  be  (aid  to  deal 
with  all  the  quarters  of  the  world  ;  and 
that  both  on  their  own  account,  and  as 
fadlors  for  ethers.  Here,  all  the  pro- 
dudlions  of  the  fouthern  provinces  are 
conveyed,  in  order  to  be  exchanged  at 
the  harbour  of  Lima,  for  fuch  articles  as 
the  inhabitants  of  Peru  ftand  in  need  of. 
The  fleet  from  Europe  and  the  Eaft-In- 
dies  land  at  the  fame  harbour ;  and  the 
commodities  of  Alia,  Europe,  and 
America,  are  tliere  bartered  for  each 
other.  But  all  the  wealth  of  the  inhab- 
itants, all  the  beauty  of  the  fituation,  and 
the  fertility  of  the  '•limate  of  Lima,  are 
infufficient  to  compc.nfete  for  the  chfaf- 
ter  which  threatens,  and  lias  fometimes 
aiftually  befallen  them,  Eailhquakeaare 
very  frequent. 

Since  the  year  15  8  z,  there  have  hap- 
pened about  fifteen  concuiTions,  befides 
that  on  the  aSth  of  0«Slober,  1746,  at 
half  an  hour  after  10  at  night,  five  hours 
and  three  (juarters  before  the  full  of  the 
moon  ;  which  began  witlifuch  violence, 
that  in  litdc  more  than  three  minutes, 
tlie  greateft  part,  if  not  all  the  buildings, 
great  and  fmali,  in  tile  whole  city,  were 
dcltroyed  ;  burying  under  their  ruins 
thofe  inhabitants  who  had  not  made  fuf- 
ficient  hafte  into  the  ftreets  and  fquares, 
the  only  probable  places  of  fafety  in 
thofe  terrible  convuilions  of  nature.  At 
length  the  dreadful  eftecfls  of  the  firll 
(hock  ceafed,  but  the  tranquillity  was  of 
Ihort  duration  ;  concufEons  returning  fo 
repeatedly,  that  the  inhabitants,  accord. 
ing  to  the  account  fcnt  of  it,  computed 
aco  in  the  firil  24  hours  }  and  to  the 
a4th  of  February,  the  following  year, 
1747,  when  the  narrative  was  jdatea,  00 
lefs  than  4^50  Ihocks  were  obferved  : 
ibrae  of  which,  if  lefs  permanent,  were 


equal  to  the  firft  in  violence.  The 
fort  of  Callao,  at  the  very  fame  hour, 
tumbled  into  ruins.  But  what  it  fuffer^ 
ed  from  the  earthauakc  in  its  buildings. 
wa&  inconfiderabIe»  when  compared 
mth  the  terrible  cataftrophe  which  foU 
lowed.  For  the  fea,  as  is  ufual  on  fuch 
occafionS)  receding  to  a  confiderable 
dtftance,^  returned  in  mountainous 
waves^  foaraing  with  the  violence  of 
the  agitation,  and  fuddenly  overwhelm^ 
ed  Callao  and  the  neighbouring  coun<> 
try.  This  w«i8  not,  however,  perform* 
ed  by  the  firft  fwelling  of  the  waves  ;, 
For  the  fea  retiring  lurther,  returned 
with  ftill  greater  impetuofity,  the  ftu- 
*  pendous  water  covering  both  the  wall& 
and  other  buildings  of  the  place ;  fa 
that  whatever  had  cfcaped  the  firft, 
was  now  totally  overwhelmed  by  thofc 
terrible  mountains  of  waves;  and  noth-. 
ina  remained,  except  a  piece  of  thcj 
wall  of  the  fort  of  Santa  Cruz,  aa  a  me* 
morial.  of  this  terrible  devaftation.  Here 
•vere  then  »3  fli^>s  and  vdTek,  great 
«ind  fmall,  in  the  harbour,  of  which  191 
were  funk,  and  the  other  fotir»  among 
which  was  a  firigate  called  St.  Fermin,) 
carried  by  tlie  force  of  the  waves  to  a 
confiderable  diftance  up  the  country. 
See  Callao^  This  terrible  inundation 
extended  to  odier  parts  of  the  coaft,, 
as  Cavallos  and  Guanape  »  the  towns, 
of  Chancay,  Guaura,  and  ihe  vallies 
Delia  Baranco,  Sape,  and  Pativilca,  un- 
derwent -he  fame  fate  as  the  city  of 
Lima.  According  to  an  aucount  lent  to> 
Lima  after  this  accident,  z  ..^Icano  in 
Lucanos  burft  forth  the  fame  night,  and 
ejeded  fuch  quantities  of  water,  that 
the  whole  country  was  overflown  }  and 
in  the  mountain  near  Fatas,  called  Con-, 
verilones  de  Caxamarquilla,  three  oth- 
er volcanoes  burft,  difcharging  frightful 
tonents  of  water;  and  in  the  fame 
manner  as  that  of  Carguayraflb.  Lima 
is  the  fee  of  an  archbifliop,  and  the 
feat  of  an  univerfity.  The  inhabitants 
are  very  debauched;  and  the  monks 
and  nuns,  of  whom  there  are  great  num- 
bers, are  no  more  chafte  than  the  reft 
of  the  inhabitants.  If  any  one  happens 
to  rival  a  monk,  he  is  in  danger  of  his 
life,  for  they  always  carry  daggers  con- 
cealed. Lima,  according  to  feveral  ob- 
fervations  made  for  that  iJurpofe,  ftands 
in  lat.  I  a*  a'  31'S.  audits  long,  is  75° 
5  a'  W,  The  variadon  of  the  needle  is 
jo  a'  3o"eafterly. 
LiMSE,  a  village  in  the  N.  W.  par« 

of 


LIN 

Af  the  ifland  of  St.  Dominp;o,  7  leagues 
weft  by  fouth  of  Cape  Francois. 

Limerick,  a  townfliip  in  York  coun- 
ty* Maine*  (Ituated  near  the  confluence 
of  Little  Oifipee  river  with  Saco,  and 
oppofite  Gorham  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty. It  was  incorporated  in  1787,  con- 
tains 411  inhabitants,  and  is  114  miles 
northerly  of  Bofton. 

Limb  RICK,  a  towndiip  in  Montgom- 
ery county,  Pennfylvania, 

LiMBSTONE  Crbek,  in  TennciTee, 
is  dje  north-eaftern  branch  of  Nola- 
chucky  river.  It  rifes  22  niiles  fouth  of 
Xx>ng-Ifland  in  Holfton  river. 

LiMBSTONB,  a  poft-town  in  Ken- 
tucky, lituated  on  the  fonth  fids  of  O- 
bio  river,  and  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  a  fmall  creek  of  its  name. 
It  ftands  on  a  lofty  and  uneven  bank, 
and  is  not  feen  from  the  river  until  one 
is  within  a  miles  of  it.  This  is  the  ufual 
landing-place  for  people  coming  down 
in  boats,  who  mean  to  fettle  in  the  up- 
per parts  of  the  State ;  and  here  the 
champaign  country  on  the  caftern  fide 
of  the  river  begins.  It  is  4  miles  north- 
caft  of  the  town  of  Wafliington,  45 
fouth-weft  of  Fort  Wafliington,  44 
S.  W.  by  S.  of  Bourbontown,  and  500 
miles  belov  Pittfburg.    N.  lat.  38*^  40', 

W.  long.  84°  I?'' 

LiMONADB,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  4  leagues  fouth-weft  of 
Fort  Dauphine,  and  7^  meafuring  in  a 
llraight  line  fuuth-calt  of  Cape  Fran- 
ces.   N.  lat,  19*  37'. 

Lincoln,  a  large  maritime  county  of 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine  ;  bounded  north 
by  Canada,  fouth  by  the  ocean,  eaft  by 
Hancock  county,  and  weft  by  that  of 
Cumberland.  Its  fea-coaft  extends  from 
that  part  of  Penobfcot  Bay  oppofite  to 
Deer  Ifland  eaftward,  to  Cape  Small 
Point  wcftward.  It  is  »oo  miles  long, 
and  54  broad,  and  comprehends  46 
towns  and  plantations;  but  there  are 
laro;e  trafts  yet  unfei.tled.  The  popula- 
tion amounts  to  a(;,96»  free  perfons. 
The  fea-coaft  of  thi>  counues  of  Cum- 
berland and  Lincoln  is  100  miles  in  ex- 
tent, meafured  in  a  ftraight  line,  but  is 
faid  to  be  above  aoo  by  the  couri'e  of  t!)e 
waters,  It  abounds  with  fate  and  com- 
modious harbours  ;  and  the  whole  (hore 
is  covered  by  a  line  of  iflands,  among 
which  vcsls  may  generally  anclior  in 
fafety.  There  are  in  thefe  counties  ma- 
ny large  rivers,  fome  of  Uiem  navigable 


L  IN 

far  up  the  country ;  and  although  navi- 
gation for  large  vefleU  is  interrupted  bf 
tails,  when  far  up  the  rivers,  yet  above 
die  falls,  tliere  is  plenty  of  water  for 
boats,  nearly  to  the  fource  of  the  rivers; 
and  by  tlje  lakes  and  ponds  and  branches 
of  the  rivers,  there  is  a  water  communi- 
cation, with  few  interruptions,  from  the 
weftern  to  the  eaftem  bounds,  acrofs 
the  country^  above  the  centre  of  it.  By 
this  route  its  productions  may,  at  a  fmall 
expenfe,  be  tranfported  to  the  different 
fea-ports.  The  fupreme  judicial  coiu-t 
held  in  Lincoln  county,  has  civil  and 
criminal  jurifdidion  in  caufes  arifing  ia 
Hancock  and  Wafhington  counties. 
Chief  towns,  Pownalliorough,  Hallo- 
well  and  Waldoborough. 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Morgan  dif- 
trift,  North-Carolina;  bounded  N.  E. 
by  Iredell,  N.  W.  by  Burke,  weft  by 
Rutherford,  and  eaft  by  Cabarras.  It 
contains  9,124  inhabitants,  of  whom  935 
are  Haves.  Here  are  mineral  fnrings 
and  mines  of  iron.  A  furnace  and  forge 
have  been  erefted,  which  carry  on  the 
manufafture  of  pig,  bar  iron,  &c.  Chief 
town,  Lincolntown. 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  north  by  Mercer,  north-weft  by 
Wafhington,  noith-caft  by  Maddifon, 
and  fouth  by  Logan.  By  the  cenfus  of 
1790,  it  contained  6,548  inhabitants,  of 
whom  1,094  were  Haves.  The  road 
from  Danville  on  Kentucky  river  pafTea 
through  it  fouth-weftcrly,  and  over  Cum- 
berland mountain  to  Virginia. 

Lincoln,  a  town  in  Mercer  county, 
Kentucky,  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Dick's  river,  on  th"  road  from  Danville 
to  Virginia.  It  ftands  14  rniles  fouth- 
eaft  of  Danville,  and  1 1  north-weft  of 
Crab-Orchard. 

Lincoln,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  incorporated 
in  1764,  contains  22  inliabitants. 

Lincoln,  a  townfhip  in  the  north- 
eaft  part  of  Addifon  county,  Vermont, 
granted  Nov.  7,  1780. 

Lincoln,  a  townfhip  in  Middlefex 
county,  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in 
1754.  It  contains  740  inhabitants,  and 
is  x6  miles  north-weft  of  Bofton. 

Lincolntown,  a  poft-town  of  N. 
Carolina,  and  capital  of  Lincoln  county. 
It  contains  about  20  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  gaol.  It  is  46  miles  front 
Morgantown,  1C9  from  Salem,  and  jii 
fouth  by  weft  of  Philadelphia. 
LiNDLEV,  a  vilLtge  on  the  weft  fide 


[IV,,j 


L  I  T 

of  the  Canawifque  Inanch  of  Tfopa  r'w- 
er,  in  Ntw-Vork,  3  miles  nortli  of  the 
IVnnfylvanjii  Imc,  8  S.  W.  by  S.  of  the 
Painted  Poft,  64  Ibuih-cult  ot  llartibr J, 
on  tiic  joiid  to  Ni;iy.ira. 

Ljnn,  a  townlhip  in  Nortliawpton 
county,  Pcnnlylvania. 

l-INNbhlNOKIFS.      See  J)i-/(41V(irCS. 

Lisbon,  a  town  in  New-London 
county,  Connt'dicut,  lately  a  part  of 
Norwich,  about  7  niilts  northerly  of 
Norwich.  It  contains  a  p;'.rilhcs,  each 
having  acon^K-'gational  chvnch.  It  lies 
on  the  well  (ule  of  Qu^inebaug  river,  and 
cillofrranklin. 

Li.siioN,  a  villrtRc  of  York  county, 
Penniylvania,  Jituatcd  near  the  foiith 
fide  of  Yellow  Hieeches  creek,  M'hich 
tills  into  the  .Sufqu'Jianiiah.  It  contains 
about  15  houlcs,  and  lies  18  miles  from 
york. 

LiTCHFJi't.!),  a  townfhij)  in  Lincoln 
county,  Diftriiit  of  Maine,  a,^  niileu  from 
HiJIowcll,  and  J10  N.  E.  of  IJolfon. 

LiTCHFiiiLD,  a  townlhip  in  Hillftjo- 
rough  county,  New-IIamjjihirc,  Jitua- 
tcd on  the  call  fide  of  Merrimack  river, 
about  .5'4  miles  weflerly  of  Portfmouth. 
It  was  ic'ttlcd  in  1749,  and  in  1775  it 
contained  184,  and  in  1790,  35  j  inhiib- 
itants. 

LiTCUHELB,  a  populous  and  Jiilly 
county  of  ConneOHcut ;  bounded  north 
by  die  State  of  Mairadiufetts,  tbutli  by 
New-llavcn  and  rairlield  counties,  ealr 
hy  Hartford,  and  well  by  tJie  Statf  of 
New- York.  It  is  divided  into  20  town- 
lllips,  containing  .5^,755  inhabitants,  in- 
clufive  of  2,v?  flaves.  The  ceneral  face 
cf  die  country  is  rough  and  mountain- 
ous. The  foil  is  fertile,  yielding  large 
crops  of  wlieat  and  Indian  corn,  and  af- 
fording fine  pailure.  It  is  feparate  en- 
tirely from  maritime  commerce,  and 
tlie  inhabitants  are  alnioil  univerf'ally 
farmers. 

LircHFiELu,  the  chief  town  of  the 
above  countv,  fituated  upon  an  elevated 
plain,  and  much  expofcd  to  the  cold 
winds  of  winter,  but  enjoys  alfo  a  large 
fljare  of  the  rcfrelhing  breezes  of  funj- 
oier.  It  is  a  hajidlome  fituation,  con- 
tiiining  about  60  w  70  dwellinghoufes, 
a  court-houfe  and  mceting-houfe.  If  is 
31  miles  weft  ofllartford,  and4i  N.N. 
W.  of  New-Haven.  N,  lat.  41*'  46', 
W.  long.  73"  37'.  In  the  vS.  W.  cor- 
ner  of  the  townfhip  ftauds  an  high  hill 
called  Mount  Tom.  On  feveral  fmall 
&rciuuS|  Ibmc  uf  which  fall  iuio  Great 


L  I  T 

Pond,  are  .•}  iron -works,  an  oUttnitl  an<J 
a  number  of  law  and  grift  mills. 

LiTCHHELD,  a  townrtiip  in  Herke. 
mer  county.  New- York,  taken  from  Ger* 
man  Flats,  and  ineorpoiated  in  i-jt^(t. 

Lrnz,  ox  Leditz,  a  village  or  town 
in  Lanoailcr  county,  PennlyMania,  fitu- 
ated in  Warwick  townlhip,  on  the  foiith 
fide  of  a  fmall  ftrcam,  which  lends  it» 
waters  through  Conefloga  crtek  info 
the  Sufc|uehannah.  It  contains  alv)ut 
50  lionffs  chieily  of  ll:one,  a  ftonc  tav- 
ern, and  an  elegant  church  with  a  ftec 
pk  and  boll,  i'he  fcttlement  was  be- 
gun in  1757.  It  is  mhabitc  d  b^'  the  \J* 
nited  Ureihren,  whole  mode  of  life  and 
cuftoms  ar:  limilar  to  riiole  of  Bethle» 
hem.  There  is  alio  a  good  farm  and 
ieveral  milUvorks  belonging  to  the 
place.  The  tujmbcr  of  inliabitants,  in» 
eluding  thoie  that  lielong  to  Litiz  con- 
gregation, living  on  their  firms  in  the 
neiglilxnirhood,  amounted,  in  17^7,  to 
upwards  of  ^00.  It  is  8  miles  nortli 
ofLiincarter.'and  66  W.by  N.  of  Phil, 
udelphia. 

LiTTLB  Ec<5  Harbour,  a  port  of 
entry  on  tt)e  e;ift  coaft  of  New-Jerfey, 
comprehending  all  the  fliores,  bays  and 
creeks  from  Barnegat  Inlet  to  Brig;mtine 
Inlet,  both  incluhvc.  The  town  of 
Tnckerton  is  the  port  of  entry  for  this 
diftrtcf.    See  Etfg. 

LiTTi.BAi.iiONQUiNs,  Indians  who 
inhabit  near  the  Three  Rivers*  aiKi  can 
riiile  alwut  100  warriors. 

Ijttleborough,  a  plantation  in 
Lincoln  county,  Diftriift  of  Maine,  hav- 
ing  163  inhabitants. 

I.iTTLF.  Bkitain,  a  townfhip  in 
Lancafter  countv,  Pennfylvania.  Alfo 
a  townfliip  in  Chefter  county,  in  the 
lame  State. 

LiTTLE-CoMPTON,  »  to\vnfhip  in 
Newport  county,  Rhode-Ifland,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Tiverton  ;  S.  by  the  Adantic 
ocean,  where  arc  Seakonnet  rocks  ;  W. 
by  the  eaft  paiTage  into  Mount  Hope 
Bay  ;  and  E.  by  the  State  of  Maflachu- 
fetts.  It  contains  154a  inhabitants,  of 
whom  93  arc  (laves.  It  was  called  5<n 
comiet  or  Staiannrt  by  the  Indians,  and 
is  laid  to  be  the  beft  cultivated  townfhip 
in  the  State,  and  affords  greater  quan- 
tities of  meat,  butter,  chcefc,  vegetables, 
&c.  than  any  other  town  of  its  (izc. 
The  inhabitants  are  very  induflrious, 
and  nianufa(ffure  linen  and  tow  cloth, 
flannels,  &c.  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
Iq  coniidorabk  (juaotitics  ipr  fale. 

Little 


1  I  V 


LOW 


idiip  in 

Alfo 

in  the 


er  quan- 
^etaWes, 
Its  (vie. 
uftrtous, 
cloth, 
lity,  and 
le. 


tiTTLF.  Fort,  in  the  N.W. Terri- 
tory, ftands  an  the  foutli-weftern  bank 
of  lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  ibuth  iide 
*)f  Old  Fort  nver,  which  runs  a  N*  eaft- 
ern  courft;  into  die  lakc^    See  Chkago. 

LrntBHAKUOUH.  See Pqfcatjtqua. 
It  is  near  the  mouth  of  Faleataqua  river, 
about  a  n>ile  from  Portfniouth,  in  Ncw- 
Haniplhire.  A  fcttlement  was  attenipt- 
«d  h'-ie  in  1623- 

Littj.bMecatina,  See Mecathia. 

I^  I T  T  L  E  P  B  I,  I C  A  N .      SCC  PtUciVI. 

Little  Kiver,  in  Georgia,  is  a 
beautiful  and  rapid  river,  and  at  its  con- 
fluence with  Savannah  river,  i8_ about  50 
yards  wide.  C)n  a  branch  of  Little  river 
IS  the  town  of  Wrightfborough,  Alio 
a  river  which  fepurates,  in  part,  N.  and 
S.  Carolina. 

Little  River,  a  plantation  in  Lin- 
coln county,  Diilri6l  of  Maine,  contain- 
ing 64  inhabitants. 

Little  Rocns,  on  the  N-  W.  bank 
of  Illinois  river,  are  fituated  60  miles 
from  the  Forks,  270  from  the  Miflidppi 
river,  and  4.^  S.  VV.  of  Fox  river.  I'he 
S.  W.  end  of  thefe  rocks  lies  nearly  op- 
pofite  to  the  mouth  of  Vermilion  rivt-r, 
and  the  two  fniaJI  ponds  where  the 
Trench  and  Indians  have  made  good 
fait,  lie  oppolite  the  N.li.  end.  A  coal 
mine  half  a  niiie  long  extends  along  the 
biml;  of  the  river  alxjve  thefe  rocks. 

Little  Sodus,  a  fniall  harbour  of 
lake  Ontaiio»  about  15  miles  Ibuthward 
ofOfwego. 

Littleton,  a  towpHiip  in  Middle- 
fex  county,  Mafliichufetts,  30  miles  N. 
W.  of  Hofton. 

Littlkton,  a  townfhir*  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hamplhite,  (;i  part  of  Ap- 
thorpe)  was  incorporated  in  1784,  and 
cont;uns  <)6  inhabitants.  It  lieson  Con- 
netflicut  river,  below  the  ij  mile  Falls, 
and  nearly  uppolJte  Concord  in  Ver- 
mont. 

LiTTLETON,atmvnflhipinCaIcdonia 
county,  Vermont,  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Connecticut  fiver,  oppolite  the  15  mile 
Falls,  and  contains  63  inhabitants. 

Littleton,  Fort,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia,  is  ^^  miles  E.  of  Bedford,  39  S.  W. 
fcy  W.  of  Carlifle,  and  .■?4  N,  by  E.  of 
Fort  Frederick,  in  Waihington  county, 
Maryland. 

LivERMORf ,  a  plantation  in  Cumber- 
land county,  Diftrift  of  Maine,  lituated 
on  Androfcoggin  river,  19  miles  N.  W. 
ofllallowell. 

Lj  vjtHFOOL,  a  town  on  the  S.  fide  of 


the  Bay  of  Fundy,  io  Quccrr's  county, 
Nova-Scotia,  I'ettled  by  New-Englani- 
ers.  Roffignol,  a  eonllderable  lake  lies 
between  this  town  and  Annapolis.  It  is 
3a  miks  north-tall  of  Sheibarne,  ;ind  i;8 
north-weft  of  I  falitax.  It  was  forniei  ly 
culled  Fort  Kojjigmle, 

Livingston,  a  townfliip  in  Colum- 
bia county,  New-Y(xik,  fituated  on  the 
caft  bank  of  Hudfon's  rirer,  4  niiieK 
northerly  of  Palatine  town,  11  fouth  of 
Hudlbn,  and  9  foutlveaft  of  Claverac1<, 
It  contains  4,594  inhabitants  )  of  wliom 
659  are  electors,  and  %t,%  /laves. 

Livingston's  Cretky  a  confidcraWe 
branch  of  North-Weft,  an  arm  of  Cape 
Fear  ri\er.  This  creek  heads  in  vait 
fwamps  in  the  Aicinity  of  the  beautiful 
lake  Waukama. 

Lobos,  iflands  on  tlie  coafl:  of  Bra- 
zil. The  fouthernmoft  ifland  is  in  fouth 
latitude  (^^  27'.  One  of  thefe  iflands 
obtains  the  name  of  Lobes  de  la  vier  ^ 
the  other,  which  lies  to  the  north  of  it, 
and  very  like  it  in  fhape  and  appeaianoe, 
is  called  holes  de  tierra, 

Locke,  a  military  townfhip  in  New. 
York  State,  adjoining  to  Milton  on  tJjc 
eaft,  fitiMted  in  Onondago  county.  Tlie 
centre  of  the  town  is  13  miles  N.  E.  <tf 
the  S.  end  of  Cayufra  lake.    See  Miltmu 

LocKAR.TSBURO,atown  in  Luzerne 
county,  Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  ao 
ifthmus  formed  by  the  confluence  <tf 
the  Sufquehannah  and  Tioga  rivers,  a- 
bout  a  mile  above  their  jundion.  There 
arc  as  yet  few  houfes  built,  but  it  prow- 
ifes  to  l>e  a  place  of  importance,  as  bnth 
the  rivers  are  navigable  for  many  miles 
into  the  State  of  New- York.  It  is^ 
miles  fouth  of  the  New-York  line,  near- 
ly 48  wefterly  of  Harmony,  and  90  a- 
iHJve  Wilkfbarre, 

Logan,  a  new  county  in  the  Stite  of 
Kentucky. 

LoGSTowN,  on  the  weftern  fnie  of 
the  Ohio,  lies  fouth  of  Butler's  Town, 
and  18  miles  from  Pittfburgh. 

Logwood  Country,  lies  N.  W.  of 
the  Molquito  Shore,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Iiunduras,and  extends  from  Ve- 
ra Paz  to  Yucatan  from  ijj"  to  i8f* 
N.  lat.  The  whole  coaft  is  overfpread 
with  illots,  keys  and  fhoals,  and  the  nav- 
igation is  intricate. 

London,  a  "^^own  in  Ann  Anmdef 
county,  Maryland,  5  miles  S.  W.  of 
Annapolis. 

London  Covb,  a  narrow  water  of 
Long-Ifknd  Souad>  which  fets  u^?  n<w  tb 

into 


'  -  4  ■  M 


t  OK 


Low 


1 1, 


Into  the  towft(Ki}>  of  New-London,  4 
miles  weft  of  the  mouth  of  Thames 
xiver.  Millftone  Point  Separates  it  from 
another  much  broader  on  the  weft, 
acrofs  which  is  a  handfome  bridge, 
■with  a  draw  at  Rope  Ferry. 

Londonderry,  a  poft-to^frft  In 
Kockingham  county,  New-Hamp(hire, 
fituated  near  the  head  of  Beaver  river, 
nvfaich  empties  into  Merrimack,  river, 
at  Pawtucket  Falls.  It  is  36  miles  S.  W. 
by  W.  of  Portfmonth.  Londonderry 
■was  fetded  in  1718,  and  incorporated 
3712,  and  contains  2590  inhabitants^ 
The  people  are  mollly  the  defcendants 
«f  emigrants  from  it,  came  chiefly  from 
Ulfter  county  in  Ireland,  originally  from 
Scotland,  and  attend  largely  to  the 
manufacture  of  linen  clotli  and  thread, 
and  make  confiderable  quantities  for 
fale.  The  town  is  much  indebted  to 
them  for  its  wealth  and  confequence. 

Londonderry,  a  townfhip  in  Hal- 
ifak  county,  Nova-Scotia,  fituated  on 
the  N.  fide  of  Cobequid  or  Colchefter 
liver,  about  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  at 
the  bafin  of  Minas.  It  was  fettled  by 
the  North  Irifh  and  Scotch. 

LoNDONDERRY,a  townrtilp,  and  the 
north-weftemmoft  of  Windham  county, 
Vermont,  on  the  head  waters  of  Weft 
liver,  about  33  miles  N.  E.  of  Benning- 
ton. It  was  granted  March  16,  1780. 
liloofr  Mountain  extends  into  the  eaft- 
em  part  of  this  town. 

Londonderry,  the  name  of  two 
townftiips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in 
Chefter  county,  the  other  in  that  of 
Dauphine. 

LoNDONCROVE,  a  townfhip  in  Dau- 
phine  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Long  Bay^  extends  along  the  fhore 
of  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  from  Cape  Fear 
to  the  mouth  of  Pedee  river. 

Long  Bay,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  extends  from  Gutt 
to  Swift  river,  and  affords  anchorage 
for  fmall  veflels. 

Long  Bay,  in  the  ifland  of  Barba- 
does,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  lies  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  illand,  having  St.  Jo- 
feph's  river  fouth-eafterly,  and  Pico 
Teneriffc  north-wefterly.  Another  bay 
of  the  fame  name  lies  on  the  fouth  end 
of  the  ifland,  about  a  miles  eafterly  of 
the  fouth  point. 

Long  Ifland, in PcnobTcot  bay.  Sec 
Ijlejborough. 

Long,  or  Eighteen  mile  Beach,  on  the 
todft  of  New-jerfey,  lies  betwcea  Little 


Egg  liarbour  inlet  and  that  of  Bamegaf* 
Long  Ifland,  formerly  called  Man-' 
hattan,  atterwards  Ka£aii  IJland,  be- 
longs to  the  State  of  New- York.    It 
extends  from  Hudibn's  river  oppofite  to 
Staten-Ifland,  almoft   to   the    weftern 
bounds  of  the  coaft  of  Rhode-Ifland, 
terminating  with  Montauk  Point.    Ita 
length  is  abont  140  miles,  and  its  medi- 
um breadth  not  above  10  miles ;   and 
feparated  from  Conne6Ucut  by  Long- 
Ifland  Sounds    It  contains  1,400 fquare 
miles ;  and  is  divided  into  3  counties* 
King's,  Queen's  and  Suffolk,  and  thefe 
agiiin  into  19  townfhips^    The  N.  fide 
of  the  ifland  is  rough  and  hilly.    A 
fingle  range  of  thefe  hills  extends  from 
Jamaica  to  Southhold.    The  foil  is  here 
well  calculated  for  raifing  grain,  hay, 
and  fruit.    The  fouth  fide  of  die  ifland 
lies  low,  with  a  light  fandy  foil.    On  the 
fea-coall:  are  exteiifive  tiafts  of  faltmcad- 
ow,  which  extend  frorn  Southampton  to 
the  weft  end  of  the  ifland«    The  foil, 
notwithftanding,  is  well  adapted  to  the 
culture  of  grain,   particularly  _  Indian 
corn.    Near  the  middle  of  the  ifland  is 
Hampftead  Plain,  in  Queen's  county. 
It  is  16  miles  long,  and  about  8  broad* 
This  plain  was  never  known  to  have  any 
natural  growth,  except  a  particular  kind 
of  wild  ^rafs,  and  a  few  fhrubs,  ahhough 
the  foil  IS  black,  and  to  appearance  rich. 
It  produces  fome  rye,  and  large  herds 
of  cattle  are  ifid.  upon  it,  as  well  as  on 
tlie  fait  marflies.    On  the  £.  part  of  the 
ifland,  £.  of  Hampftead  Plain,  is  a  large 
barren  heath,  called  Bnifliy  Plain  :  It  is 
overgrown  with  fhrub-oak,  intermixed 
with  a  few  pine  trees,  where  a  number 
of  wild  deer,  and  groufe  harbour.   The 
largeft  river,  or  ftreaiit  in  the  ifland  is 
Peakonok,  an  inconfiderable  flream.  It 
runs  £.  and  empties  into  a  large  bay, 
that  feparates  Soutfihold  frcJm  South- 
ampton.   In  this  bay  are  Robbin  and 
Shelter  iflands.   Rockonkama  pond  lies 
about  the  centre  of  the  ifland,  between 
Smith-Town  and  Iflip,  and  is  about  z 
mile  in  circumference,  and  has   been 
found,  by  obfenration,  to  rife  gradually 
for  feveral  years,  until  it  had  arrived  to 
a  certain  height,  and  then  to  fiill  more 
rapidly  to  its  loweft  bed ;  and  thus  is 
continually  ebbing  and  flowing  :  The 
caufe  has  never  been  inveftigated.  Two 
miles  to  the  fouthward  of  the  pond,  is  a 
ftream  called  Connefticut  river,  which 
empties  into  the  bay.     The  produce  of 
the  middle  aad  weftern  parts  of  the 

iikod 


:'>-»k>^l#vrB^^A4hL 


Ldl^ 


103 


iflanci  is  carried  to  New- York.  The 
ifland  contained,  in  i79o»  4i>78}  inhab- 
iunts,  of  whom  4,839  were  flaves. 

Long-Island  Sound  is  a  kind  of 
inland  fea,  from  3  to  25  miles  broad, 
and  about  140  miles  long,  extending 
the  whole  length  of  the  ifland,  and  divi- 
ding it  from  Conne^cut.  It  communi- 
cates with  the  oce&h  at  both  ends  of 
Iwong-Iflahd  ;  and  affords  a  very  fafe 
and  convenient  inland  navigation. 

LoNG-IsLANO,  an  ifland  in  Sufque- 
liannah  river. 

Long -Island,  in  Holfton  riv^r,  in 
the  State  of  TennefTee^  is  3  miles  long. 
Numbers  of  boats  are  built  here  every 
year,  and  loaded  with  the  produce  c* 
the  State  for  New-Orleans.  Long- 
Ifland  is  10  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of 
Wataugo  river,  43  from  Abingdon,  100 
iibove  Knoxville,  283  frotn  Nafhville, 
and  1000  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ten- 
neflee.  It  is  340  miles  S>  W.  by  W.  of 
Richmond,  in  Virginia,  and  to  which 
there  is  a  good  waggon  road. 

Long  Isle,  or  IJk  River  Indians^ 
inhabit  on  Ifle,  or  White  river,  which 
runs  wefterly  into  the  river  Wabafh. 
The  mouth  of  Whits  river  is  in  N.  lat. 

38"  58',  W.  long.  90°  7'. 

Long  Lake,  in  the  Geneflee  Country 
in  New- York.    See  Honeyyoe  Lake. 

Long-MeaDow,  a  town  in  Hamp- 
fhire  coanty>  Maflachufetts,  iituated  on 
the  E.bank  of  Connefticut  river,  about 
4  miles  Si  of  Springfield,  and  23  N.  of 
Hartford.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 783  ; 
contains  a  Congregational  churdh,  and 
about  70  dwellingJioufes,  which  lie  up- 
on one  wide  flreet,  running  parallel  with 
the  river.  The  townfhip  contaiiis  744 
inhabitants.  It  is  9  7  miles  S.  W.  by  W. 
ofBofton. 

Long  Point,  a  peninfula  on  the  N. 
fide  of  Lake  Erie,  and  towards  the  eaft- 
ern  end  0.  .he  lake.  It  is  compofed  of 
fand,  and  is  very  convenient  to  haul 
boats  out  of  the  furf  upon,  whe^  the 
lake  is  too  rough  for  rowing  or  failing. 
Fermilion  Pointy  between  Puan  Bay 
and  Lake  Michigan,  is  alfo  called  Long 
Point  in  foiue  maps» 

Long  Pond,  in  the  01111*1(51  of  Maine, 
lies  mollly  in  Bridgton,  and  is  lo  miles 
long  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  and  about  a 
tnile  broad.  On  each  fide  of  thil  pond 
are  large  fwells  of  excellent  land,  with 
a  gradual  defcent  to  the  margin  of  the 
pond,  and  furnifh  a  variety  of  roman- 
tic profpeiits.   See  Bridgton  aod  Seb{'g9. 


LoNGUiiLB,  or  as  the  Indians  call  % 
Kenapacomaqua,  an  Indian  village  od 
the  N.  bank  of  Eel  river,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory.  It  ^yas  deftroyed  by  Gen* 
Scott  in  1791,  with  aoo  acres  of  corn  id 
its  neighbourhood. 

Lookout,  Cape^  on  the  coaftof  N. 
Carolina,  is  the  fouthc-n  point  of  a  long 
infulated  and  narrow  flip  of  landj  eaft- 
ward  of  Core  Sound.  Its  Ni  point  forma 
the  S.  fide  of  Ocrecock  inlet,  which 
leads  into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  lies  N. 
E.  of  Cape  Fear,  and  S.  of  Cape  Hatte- 
ras,  in  ^ut  latitude  34°  50'.  It  had 
an  excellent  harbour,  which  has  been 
filled  up  with  fand  fince  the  year 
1777. 

Lookout,  Cape,  on  ths  fouthem 
coaft  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  in  New  South 
Wales,  E.  S.  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Severa 
river.    N*  lat.  56°,  W*  long.  84°* 

LoosA  Chitto.    See  Loi^a  Chitto^ 

LoREMBEC.  See  Loaijbourg.  It  is  a 
cape  near  the  N."  fide  of  Louifbourg 
harbour,  and  may  be  feen  la  leagues 
off  at  fea. 

LoKESzo,  Cape  SL  on  the  coaftof 
Peru,  S.  America,  lies  in  the  province 
of  Quito,  W»  of  the  citv  of  that  name. 
S.  lac.  0°  ao',  W.  long.  80°  ao'. 

LoRETTO,  a  fmall  village  of  Chriftiaii 
Indians,  3  leagues  N.  E.  of  Quebec,  ia 
Canada.  It  h?ii  its  name  from  a  chapel 
built  according  to  the  model  of  the 
Santa  Cafa  at  Loretto,  in  Italy ;  from 
whence  an  image  of  the  Holy  Virgin 
has  been  fent  to  the  converts  here,  re- 
fembling  that  in  the  famous  Italian  fanc- 
tuary.  Thefe  converts  are  of  the  Huron 
tribe. 

LoRETTo,  Lady  ef,  a  place  in  the 
diftritSt  of  St.  Dennis,  on  the  ifthmus  of 
California ;  the  Indians  call  it  Cancho. 
Here  is  a  fmall  fort  ereded  by  the  mif« 
fionaries,  confifting  of  four  bauitins,  and 
furrounded  by  a  deep  ditch. 

Loromie's  Store,  in  the  territory 
N.  W.  of  the  Ohio,  a  place  wefterly 
from  Fort  Lawrence,  and  at  or  near  a 
fork  of  a  branch  of  the  Great  Miami 
river,  which  falls'^  into  the  Ohio.  At 
this  fpot,  bounded  W.  by.  the  Indian 
line,  the  Indians  ceded  a  tradl  of  land  to 
the  United  States,  6  miles  fquare,  by  the 
treaty  figned  Auguft  3,  1795.  Here 
the  portage  commences  between  the 
Miami  of  the  Ohio,  and  St.  Mary's  river, 
which  runs  into  Lake  Erie.  •    - 

Los  Reyhs.    Sec  Lima. 

Los  RtvEs,  the  chief  town  of  the 

province 


pK 


tK 


■m 


I 
I 


lot/ 

province  of  Uragua,  in  the  E.  diviflon 
4>f  Paraguay,  b  S.  America. 

Los  Charcos,  a  province  in  the 
louthein  divifion  of  Peru,  whofe  chief 
cities  are  Potoli  and  Porco. 

Loudon,  Fori,  a  fort  ereifled  in  the 
(Country  of  the  Cherokees.  See  Te/Iko 
Block-Houfe. 

Loudon,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on 
the  river  Potowmac,  adjoining  Fairfax, 
Berkley,  and  Faquier  counties.  It  is 
about  50  miles  long,  and  ao  broad,  and 
contains  18,962  inhabitants,  including 
4,030  flaves.    Chief  town,  Leefburg. 

LouuON,  a  tournlhip  iu  Rockingham 
county,  New-Harnplhiro,  tuken  from 
Canterbury  townfhip  and  incorporated 
1017^3.  }t  is  Ikuated  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Mernmack  river,  and  contaias  J0S4  in> 
habitants. 

Loudon,  a  toWnfhip  in  Berkfliire 
county,  Maflachufetts,  21  miles  S.  £.  of 
Lenox,  24  W.  of  Springfield,  and  124 
W.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1773*  and  contains  344  inhabitants.  It 
contains  13,000  acres,  of  which  2,944 
are  ponds^ 

LouGHABBR,  or  LochaheTi  a  flnall' 
i^ttlement  in  Georgia,  on  a  branch  of 
'\'  Savannah  river,   above  its  confluence, 

<  witll  the  Tugulo,.  the  W.  main  branch. 

LouiSj  Fort,  a  fettlement  formed' 
by  the  French  near  the  mouth  of  the 
liver  Coza,  in  Florida,,  about  20  leagues 
U.E.  of  the  neareft  mouth  of  the  Miffi- 
f^>pi,  and  until  thepeace  of  1763,  was 
<he  ufual  refidcnce  of  the  princip^  gov- 
ernor of  Louifiana. 

LouiSj  St.  the  capital  town  of  6ua- 
daloupe,  Grand-Terre.  It  has  a  fortrefs 
3  leagues  to  the  S.  Ew  of  tha  Salt  river. 
See  Ouadalotipe. 

Louis  DE  Maranham,  St.  a  to\vn 
on  the  northern  coaft  of  Brazil^and  on 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  inuated  op  tlie  eall 
fide  of  Mearim  river ;  about  half  way 
between  point  Moooripe,  and  the  mouth 
of  Denver  Para. 

Louis,  St.  a  jurifdidion  and  town 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. The  jurifdiftion  contains  3 
•  parimes.    Its  exports  fhipped  from  the 

town  of  St.  Louis  from  Jan.  i,  1789 
to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were 
120,665  lb.  coffee  ;  19,253  lb.  cotton  ; 
5,751  lb.  indigo.  Total  value  of  duties 
on  exportation,  904  dollars  13  cents- 
St.  Louis  is  rather  a  borough  than  a 
town.  It  is  jituated  on  the  head  of  the 
&1Y  <^'  its  nume,  oppofuca  number  of 


10  tf 

fnlall  ifles  which  fhelter  the  bay  oh  tife 
fouth  towards  the  ocean,  and  on  the  S. 
fide  of  the  fouth  pcninlula,  8  leagues 
N.  E.  of  Les  Cayes,  a  little  more  than 
3  S.  W.  of  Aquin,  and  36  leagues  S.  W.' 
by  W.  of  Port  au  Prince  :  from  which 
lafl  are  two  roads  leading  to  it ;  the  one 
by  Jacmel  the  other  by  Leogane,  and. 
of  much  the  fame  length  ;  both  join  at. 
Aquin.  2SU  lat.  18°  18',  W.  long,  from 
Paris,  75"  5  a'. 

Louis,  St.  a  fmall  compa«a,  beauti- 
ful bay  in  Wefl-Florida,  having  about  f 
feet  water.  It  is"  1 8-  miles  from  the  Re- 
golets,  and  26  from  the  bay  of  Biloxi. 
The  land  near  it  is  of  a  light  foil,  and 
good  for  paflure.  There  Were  feveral- 
fettlers  formerly  on  it,  but  in  the  year 
1-767,  the  Cha^aw  Indians  killed  tneir 
cattle  and  obliged  theni  to  remove. 

Louis,  St.  a  Spanifh  village  on  the 
W.  fide  of  the  river  Miffifippi,  about  13 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Miflburi. 
Its  fcite  is  o"  a  high  piece  of  ground, 
the  mofl  healthy  and  pleafureable  of 
any  known  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
Here  the  Spanifh  commandant  and  the 
principal  Indian  traders  refide ;  who» 
by  conoiliating  the  affections  of  the  na- 
tives, have  drawn  all  the-  Indian  trade 
of  the  Miflburi  \,  part  of  that  of  the  Mil- 
fifippi  (northwards)  and  of  the  tribes  of 
Indians  refiding.  near  tha  Guifconfing, 
and  Illinois  rivers,  to^this  village.  A- 
bout  20  years  ago  there  were  here  lao 
large  and  commodious  houfes,  moftly 
built  of  flone,  and  800  inhabitants,  chief- 
ly French..  Some  of  them  have  had  a- 
liberal  education,  and  were  polite  and 
hofpitable.  They  had  about  150  ne- 
groes, and  large  ftocks  of  cattle,  &c.  It 
is  4or  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cahokia,  on« 
the  eaft  fide  of  the  Miffifippi,  and  about 
15-0  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Poft  St.  Vincent's 
on  Wabalh  river.  N.  lat.  38°  24'*  W. 
long.  92°  3a'. 

Lou  IS  A,  a  county  of  Virginia,  adjoin- 
ing Orange,  Albemarle,  Fluvanna,Spott- 
fYlvania,  and  Goochland  counties.  It  is 
about  2S  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and 
contains  8,467  inhabitants,  including 
4,573  flaves.  There  are  here  fome  me- 
dicinal fprings,  on  the  head  waters  of 
South  Anna,  a  branch  of  York  river;. 
but  they  are  little  frequented. 

Louisa,  a  river  of  Virginia,  the  head 
water  of  Cole  river,  a  S.  W.  branch  of 
the  Great  Kanhaway. 

LousA  Chitto,  or  Loofa  Chitto,  a 
river  which  rifcs  oq  the  t>orders  of  S. 


L^O  X3 


LOU 


Cardlina,  and  runs  a  S.  wefterly  courfe 
•through  the  Georgia  weftern  lands,  and 
joins  the  Miffifippi  juft  below  the  Wal- 
nut Hills,  and  lo  miles  from  Stoney  riv- 
er. It  is  30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth, 
but  after  you  enter  it,  is  from  30  to  40 
yards,  and  is  faid  to  be  navigable  for 
canoes  io  or  4oieagues.  It  is  39I  miles 
below  the  Yazoo  cHfFs. 

LouisBouRG,  the  capital  ofSydney, 
or  Cape  Breton  id  and,  in  North-Amer- 
ica. Its  harbour  is  one  of  the  fineft  in 
<hat  country,  being  almoft  4  leagues  in 
circuit,  and  6  or  7  fathoms  water  in  ev-  1 
cry  part  of  it.  The  anchorage  or  moor-  I 
ing,  is  good,  and  fhips  may  run  aground  ! 
without  any  danger.  Its  entrance  is  I 
fiot  above  300  toiles  in  breadth,  formed 
by  two  fmall  iilands,  and  is  known  it 
leagues  ofF  at  fca,  liy  Caiie  Lorembec, 
fituated  near  the  N.  E.  fide  of  it.  Here 
is  plenty  of  cod,  and  the  fifliery  may  be 
continued  from  April  to  the  clofe  of 
November.  The  harbour  is  more  than 
half  a  mile  in  breadth,  from  N.  W.  to 
S.  E.  in  the  narrowed  part^  and  6  miles 
in  length,  from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  In  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  harbour  is  a  fine  ca- 
reening wharf  to  heave  down,  and 
very  lecure  from  all  winds :  On  the  op- 
pofite  (ide  are  the  fifhing  ftages,  and 
room  for  aooo  boats  to  cure  their  fifli.  In 
winter  the  harbour  is  entirely  frozen  up, 
fo  as  to  be  walked  over,  which  feafon 
begins  here  at  the  clofc  of  November, 
and  lafts  till  May  or  June  :  fometimes 
the  frofts  fet  in  fooner,  and  a^c  more  in- 
tenfe ;  as  particularly  in  1745,  when  by 
tiie  middle  of  October  a  great  part  of 
the  harbour  was  already  trozen.  The 
town  of  Louifbourg  ftands  on  a  point  of 
land,  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  the  ifland  ; 
it6  ftreets  are  regular  and  broad,  con- 
fifting  for  the  moll  part  of  flone  houfes, 
with  a  large  parade  at  a  little  diflance 
from  the  citadel ;  the  infidc  of  which  is 
a  fine  fquare,  near  200  feet  every  way. 
On  its  N.  lide,  while  poircflcd  bv  the 
French,  ftood  the  governor's  houfc  and 
the  church ;  the  other  fides  were  taken 
up  with  barracks,  bomb  proof;  in  which 
the  French  fecured  their  women  and 
children  during  the  fie^e.  The  town 
is  near  half  a  mile  in  length,  and  z  in 
circuit.  The  principal  trade  of  Louif- 
bourg is  the  cod  fifliery,  from  which  vaft 
profits  accrae  to  the  iniiabitants ;  the 
plenty  of  fifli  being  remarkable,  and  at 
tlie  fame  time  better  ::han  any  about 
^Newfoundland.    Sec  Breton,  Cape.  N. 


latitude  45"  54',  weft  longitude  59^ 

ss'- 

Loui8BURGH,inPennfylvania.   See 
Harrijburg. 

Louisiana,  a  Spanifli  province  of 
North-America,  bounded  E.  by  the 
Miffifippi,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  W. 
by  New-Mexico,  and  N.  "by  undefined 
boundaries.  Both  fides  of  the  Miflif^p- 
pi  were  under  the  French  government 
till  the  peace  of  176a  ;  when  the  eaft- 
ern  fide  was -ceded  to  the  king  of  Great- 
Britain  ;  and  the  day  before  the  prelim- 
inaries of  peace  were  figned,  his  Chris- 
tian Majefty  ceded  to  Spain  all  his  ter- 
ritories to  tne  weftward  of  the  Miffifip- 
f>i,  together  with  the  town  of  New  Or- 
eans ;  with  a  ftipulation  that  the  French 
laws  and  ufages  fliould  not  be  altered  : 
this  precaution,  however,  proved  after- 
wards of  no  avail. 

Louifiana  is  interfe(fled  by  a  num- 
ber of  fine  rivers,  among  which  are  St. 
Francis,  the  Natchitoches,  the  Adayes, 
or  Mexicano  river,  the  Miffburi,  Rouge, 
Noir,  and  many  others  which  are  de- 
foribed  under  tkeir  refpeftive  names. 
The  greater  part  of  the  white  inhabit- 
ants are  Roman  Catholics.  They  are 
governed  by  a  viceroy  from  Spain. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  unknown. 
The  cjuantity  of  good  land  on  the  Mif- 
fifippi and  its  branches,  from  the  bay  of 
Mexico  to  Ohio  river,  a  diftance  of 
nearly  1000  miles,  is  very  great ;  but 
that  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Natch- 
ei,  and  of  the  river  Yazoo,  is  the  flower 
of  it  all.  There  have  been  fonne  plant- 
ations of  fiigar-canes ;  but  it  is  not  a  crop 
to  be  depended  upon,  as  the  froft  has 
fontetimes  been  too  powerful  for  that 
plant.  The  chief  articles  of  exporta- 
tion are  indigo,  cotton,  rice,  beans,  myr- 
tle wax,  andlumber. 

The  climate  is  faid  to  be  favourable 
fpr  health  arid  to  the  culture  of  fruits  of 
\'nrious  kinds,  and  particularly  for  gar- 
den vegetables.  Iron  and  lead  mines 
and  fait  fprings,  it  is  afi'erted,  are  found 
in  fuch  plenty  as  to  afford  an  abundant 
fnpply  of  thefe  necjfian'  articles.  The 
banks  of  the  Mifllfippi,  for  many  leagues 
in  extent,  commencing  about  so  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  Ohio,  are  a  contin- 
ued chain  of  lime-ftone.  A  fine  traft 
of  high,  rich,  level  land,  S.  W.  W.  and 
N.  W.  of  New-Madrid,  about  aj  miles 
wide,  extends  quite  to  the  river  St. 
Francis. 

While  the  United  States  were  engag- 
ed 


■fT^ 


tW' 


td  in  the  revolution  war  againfl:  Eng- 
land.'the  Spaniards  attackedand  poffcfT- 
cd  themfefves  of  all  the  Englifti  pofts 
and  fettlements  on  the  MiiTiiippi*  f^ov^ 
the  Ibberville  up  to  the  Yazoo  river*  in- 
cluding the_  Natchez  country ;  and  by 
virtue  of  this  conqueft  have  fince  peo- 
pled and  governed  an  extent  three  de- 
frees  north  of  the  United  States'  fouth 
oundary,  claiming  the  exclufive  navi- 
gation  of  the  other.  This  bulinefs  has 
een  amicably  fettled  by  the  treaty  of 
1796, 

The  Miflifipi»i,  on  which  the  fine 
country  of  Louifiana  is  fituated,  was 
firlt  diicovered  by  Ferninand  de  Soto, 
in  1541.  Monfieur  de  la  Salle  was  the 
firft  who  traverfed  it.  He,  in  the  year 
j682t  having  pafled  down  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Miffifippi,  and  furveyed  the  adja- 
cent country,  returned  to  Canada,  from 
whence  he  took  paflage  to  France. 
From  the  flattering  accounts  which  he 
gave  of  the  country  and  the  confe- 
cjuent  advantages  that  would  accnie  from 
lettling  a  colony  in  thofe  parts,  Louis 
XIV,  was  ipduced  to  eftablilh  a  compa- 
ny for  the  purpofe.  Accordingly,  a^ 
fquadron  of  four  veflels,  amply  provid- 
ed with  n^en  and  provilions^  under  the 
command  of  Monlieur  de  lai  Salle,  em- 
barked with  an  intention  to  i'ettle  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Miffifippi,  Put  he  un- 
intentionally failed  a  hundred  leagues  to 
the  wellward  of  it,  where  he  attempted 
to  ellablifh  a  colony  j  but,  through  the 
unfavourablenefs  of  the  climate^  moft  of 
his  rpen  miferably  periflied,  and  he  him- 
lelf  was  yillanoully  murdered,  not  Jong 
after,  by  two  of  his  own  men.  Mon- 
fieur Ibberville  lucceeded  him  in  his 
laudable  attempts.  He,  aftec  two  fuc- 
ceistul  voyages,  died  while  preparing 
for  a  third.  Crozat  fucceeded  hiin  j 
and,  in  171 ',  the  king  gave  him  Louifi- 
ana. This  grunt  continued  but  a  ihort 
time  after  the  death  of  Louis  XIV.  In 
J  763,  Louiiiana  was  ceded  to  the  king 
of  Spain,  to  whom  it  now  belongs. 

Lou  1ST  OWN,  in  Talbot  county,  Ma- 
ryland, Hes  on  the  weft  fide  pf  Tucka- 
hoe  creek,  about  4  milts  noith  of  King  s 
'X'own,  and  7  or  8  north-eaft  of  Eallon. 

Lotiisvii-LE,  a  port  of  entry,  and 

Joft-town  of  Kentucky,  and  chief  oi 
efferfon  county,  pleal'antly  lituated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  the  Ohio,  on  an  elevated 
plain,atthe  Rapids,  nearly  oppofite  Fort 
Fenny.  It  commands  a  delightful  prof- 
£€(51  of  the  river  and  the  adjacent  (oun-i 


try,  tad  promifes  to  be  a  place  of  greaii 
trade ;  but  its  unhealthinefs,  owing  ta 
ftagnated  waters  back  of  the  town,  lias 
coniiderably  retarded  its  growth.  It 
confifls  of  3  principal  ftreets,  and  con- 
tains about  ICO  hoyae3,a  court-houfe  and 
gaol.  It  is  38  miles  firom  Bairdftown, 
83  from  Danville,  and  40  W*  of  Frank- 
fort.   See  Of>io. 

Louisville,  the  pr^fent  feat  of 
government  of  Georgia,  fituated  in 
Burke  county,  in  the  lower  diftrift  of 
the  State,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of  the  Great 
Ogeechee  river,  70  rniles  from  its  mouth. 
It  has  been  lately  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  ftate-houfe,  a  tobacco  ware>houfe,  and 
about  30  dwelling-houfes.  Large  quan- 
tities of  tobacco  are  infpedcd  here,  and 
boated  down  to  Savannali.  The  con- 
vention for  the  revifal  of  the  conftiturion 
fat  in  this  town  in  May,  1795,  and  ap- 
pointed the  records  to  be  removed,  and 
the  legiflature  to  meet  here  in  future.  A 
college,  with  ample  and  hberal  endow- 
ments, is  inftituted  here.  It  is  52  miles 
S.  E.  of  Augufta,  and  ico  N.  W.  of 
Savannah. 

LouisiAi}E,Z>/7n^  off  difcovered  and 
named  by  Bougainville:  in  1768,  is  prob- 
ably a  chain  ot  iflands,  forming  a  iouth- 
eaftem  continuation  of  New  Guinea, 
The  coaft  feen  by  the  Dutch  Geelwink 
Yacht  ip  1705,  is  a  fm^l  diftance  north 
of  Louifiade. 

LovE-CovE,  a  fine  opening  to  the 
weftward  of  Whale  Cove,  in  NewNoitl^ 
Wales. 

Lovell's  Pond,  in  ^ew-Hamplhire, 
lies  at  the  head  of  the  e^lern  branch  of 
S^mon  Fail  river. 

J|i.oWER  Avlqway's  Creeky  a  town- 
fliip  in  Sajem  county,  New-J[erfey. 

Lower  Dublin,  a  townfliip  in  Phil- 
adelphia county,  Pennlylvania. 

Lo^yER  MiLFORD,  a  townfhip  in 
Buck's  county,  Pennfylvania. 

t,owER  Marlborough,  a  poll, 
town  in  Maryland,  30  miles  from  An- 
napolis, and  I  a  from  Calvert  court-houfe. 

Lower  Penn's  Necky  a  townfhip  in 
Salem  county,  New-Jerfey. 

Lower  We AU  Towns t  in  the  Terri- 
tory N.  W.  of  tlie  Ohio,  lie  30  miles  be- 
low Rippacanpe  creek,  at  its  mouth  in 
Wabam  river. 

Lowhill,  a  townfliip  in  l^prthamp- 
ton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Loxa,  a  town  of  Quito  in  Peru,  at 
the  head  of  a  N.  W*br|nch  of  Amazon 
river,  ajj  miles  norUi-e^  of  Paita,  and 

north- 


•'I  I 


p  m 

poft. 
An- 
loufe. 
ip  in 

esbe- 
uth  in 

lamp- 

:ru,  at 
lazon 
,and 
th- 


t  u  o 

rorth-wefterly  of j  Borja.  It  is  the  cap- 
ital of  a  juriidiftion  of  the  fame  name, 
{ind  lies  in  lat.  s"  lo'S.  long.  77*  10' 
W.  Befides  s  churches,  it  has  fever al 
religious  foundations  ;  as,  a  college  in- 
ftituted  by  the  Jefuits,  an  hofpitJ,  with 
S4  villages  in  its  diftridt. 

The  jurifdiition  of  the  fame  name 
produces  the  famous  fpecific  for  inter- 
mittent fevers,  called  Cafcarilla  deLogo 
Quinquina,  or  Jefuit's  bark.  Of  it  there 
are  feveral  kinds,  but  one  more  effica- 
cious than  the  others  Here  alfo  they 
are  employed  in  breeding  cochineal. 
The  inhabitants  of  Loja,  called-  aUb 
l^ojanus,  do  not  exceed  10,000  fouls, 
though  formerly  far  more  numerous. 
Large  droves  of  horned  cattle  and 
mules  are  bred  here.  Carpets  are  alfo 
manufa<5tured  here  of  remarkable  ^ne- 
nefs. 

LoYALSOCK  Creek,  in  Northumber- 
land county,  Pennfylvania,  empties  in- 
to the  W.  fide  of  the  branch  of  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  from  the  north-eaft,  a  few 
miles  E.  of  t-ycoming  Creek,  a6  from 
Sunbury,  meafuring  m  a  ftraight  line, 
and  about  170  from  Philadelphu.  The 
jands  from  this  to  Sunbury  arc  among 
the  higheft  and  of  the  beft  quality,  and 
in  the  healthieft  fituation  in  tlie  State. 
It  is  navigable  lo  or  30  miles  up  for 
|)atteaux  of  10  tons. 

LvcANAS,  a  jurifdit^lion  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  Guanianga,  in  Peru.  It  begins 
fibout  »5  or  30  leagues  S.  W.  of  Gua- 
nianga. Its  temperature  is  cold  and 
moderate.  It  abounds  with  cattle,  gr^in 
and  fruit ;  and  has  alfo  filver  mmes  ; 
^nd  is  the  centre  of  a  very  large  com- 
pierce. 

LucAR,  Fort  St.  lies  on  the  notth- 
eaft  coaft  of  Bni/-;? ;  about  halfway  be- 
tween the  city  o(  Scara  and  Rio  Grande. 
LupAR,  Capb  St.  or  Lucas.  The 
S.  E.  end  of  the  peflinfula  of  California 
IS  fo  named. 

Lvc\^  fif  ox  Bahama  Ijlands^  See 
Bahama. 

Luc  AY  A,  one  of  the  Bahsima  Iflands, 
fibout  70  leagues  eaft  of  the  coall  of 
Florifia,  and  6  from  Bahama  Ifle.  It 
is  about  9  leagues  long  and  %  broad, 
and  gives  name  to  the  whole  range.  N. 
lat.  a7°  27',  W.  long.  78°  5'. 

LucAVONEc^uE,  another  of  the  Ba- 
hama ifle;,  which  lies  about  9  leagues 
further  eaft  than  the  former ;  whofe 
length  is  a8  letgoes  ancl  breadth  3,  and 
lies  north  and  fouth,         ■  •   . 


I4  uc 

LuciA,  a  harbour  on  the  north  Add 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  fityated  in  Han- 
over parifh,  between  Great  Cove  and 
Mofquito  C«)ve.  It  is  land  locked  and 
has  excellent  anchorage  ;  15  or  i6  miles 
north-eaftwaid  of  Negril. 

Lucia,  St.  a  river  of  Enft-Florida, 
runs  fouth-eaftcrly  along  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  peninfula ;  and  communicates 
inland  with  Indian  river.  It  has  6  feet 
water  as  far  as  the  Tortolas  where  are 
hilly  knowls.  A  branch  joins  it  from 
the  foutli. 

LvciA  ,St.  called  by  the  French, 
Saintc  Aloufie,  from  its  having  beeh  dis- 
covered on  St.  Lucia's  Day ;  one  of  tihe 
Caribbee  Iflands,  6  leagues  louth  of  Mar- 
tinico,  and  ai  N,  W.  of  Barbadoes.  It 
is  about  ^^  miles  long  from  north  to 
fouth,  and  1  a  broad.  Here  are  feveral 
hills,  2  of  which  being  very  round  and 
fteep,  are  called  the  Pins'  heads  of  St. 
Lucy,  and  v/ere  volcanoes.  At  the  foot 
of  them  are  fine  vallies,  having  a  good 
foil  and  well  watered.  In  thele  are  tall 
trees,  with  the  timber  of  which  the 
planters  of  Martinico  and  Barbadoes 
build  their  houfes  and  wind-mills. 
Here  is  alio  plenty  of  cocoa  and  fuftic. 
The  air  is  reckone4  healthy,  the  hills 
not  being  fo  high  as  to  intercept  the 
trade-winds,  which  always  fan  it  from 
the  eaft  by  which  means  the  heat  of  the 
climate  is  moderated  and  rendered 
agreeable. 

In  St.  Lucia  are  feveral  commodious 
bays  and  harbours,  with  good  anchor- 
age, particularly  the  Little  Careenage, 
one  of  the  principal  inducements  Tor 
the  French  to  prefer  it  to  the  other 
neutral  iflands.  This  port  has  feveral 
noted  advantages ;  there  is  everywhere 
depth  enough,  and  the  quality  of  the 
bottom  is  excellent.  Nature  has  form- 
ed there  three  careening  placed,  which 
do  not  want  a  key,  and  require  nothing 
but  a  capftern  to  turn  the  keel  above 

{rround.  Thirty  fliips  of  the  line  might 
le  there  flieltered  from  hurricanes,  with- 
out the  trouble  of  being  moored.  The 
boats  of  the  country,  which  have  be«n 
kept  a  long  time  in  this  harbour,  have 
never  been  epten  by  the  worms  ^  how- 
ever, they  do  not  cxpetSt  that  this  advan- 
tage will  laft,  whatever  be  tlie  caufe. 
For  the  other  harbours,  the  winds  are; 
always  good  to  go  out  with,  and  the 
largeft  Iquadron  might  be  in  the  oiling 
in  lefs  than  an  hour.  There  are  9  par- 
jihes  in  the  iflapd,  8  to  the  kewatd, 

^d 


11 


•  "*?!'•. 


L  U  M 


L  UN 


nBd  only  one  to  the  windward.  This 
preference  Riven  to  one  part  of  the  ifl- 
and  more  tlian  another,  does  not  pro- 
ceed from  the  fuperiority  of  the  foil, 
but  from  the  greater  or  Icfs  convenicn- 
cy  in  fending  out  or  receiving  Ihips.  A 
high  road  is  made  round  the  idaod, 
and  two  others  which  crofs  it  from  eall 
to  weft,  afford  all  manner  of  facilities  to 
carry  the  commodities  of  the  plantations 
to  the  barcaderes,  or  bnding  places. 

In  January,  1769,  the  free  inhabitants 
of  the  idand  amounted  to  a,,?  24;  the 
(laves  to  10,270.    It  had  in  cattle  598 
mules  and  horfes,  1,8 r 9  horned  beafts, 
and  »,378  fhecp.     Its  plantations  were 
1,279,680  plants  of  cocoa — 1,463,880 
of  coffee— 681  fquarcs  of  cotton — and 
a.^4  of  fugar-canes ;  there  were  16  lu- 
gar-works  going  on,  and  1 8  nearly  com- 
pleted.   Its  produce  yielded /^i  1 2,oco, 
which  by  imorovement  miglit  be  in- 
creafed  to  ;^.?oo,ooo.     The    Engli(h 
firft  fettled  in  thisifland  in  1637,    From 
this  time  they  met  with  various  misfor- 
tunes frona  the  natives  and  French  ;  and 
at  length  it  was  agreed  on  between  the 
latter  and  the  Englifh,  that  this  ifland, 
together  with  Dominica  and  St.  Vin- 
cent, (hould  remain  neutral     But  the 
French,  before  the  war  of  171^6  broke 
out,  began  to  fettle  thefe  iflan(is,  which 
by  the  treaty  of  peace  were  yielded  up 
to    Great-Britain,    and  this  ifland  to 
France.    The  Britifh  made  themfelves 
mailer  of  it  in  1778  ;  but  it  -was  reftor- 
ed  again  to  the  French  in  1 783  ;  and  re- 
taken by  the  Britifh  in  1794.    St.  Lu- 
cia had  900  of  its  inhabitants  deflroyed 
by  an  earthquake,  Oft.  12,  1788.    It  is 
63  miles  N.  W.  of  Barb:idoes.    N.  lat. 
14*,  W.  long.  6i«. 

Ludlow,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire 
county,  M  aflachufetts,  fouth  of  Granby, 
10  miles  north-eafterly  of  Springfield, 
and  90  weflerly  of  Boflon.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1784,  and  contains  560 
inhabitants. 

Ludlow,  a  towtifhtp  on  Black  river, 
Windfor  county,  Vermont.  It  contains 
170  inhabitants,  and  is  about  10  or  12 
miles  W.  of  Weatiiersfield,  on  Cbnnec- 
ticut  river. 

LuE,  St.  the  chief  town  of  the  cap- 
tainfhip  of  Petagues,  in  the  northern  di- 
vifion  of  Brazil. 

Luke,  St.  a  parifh  in  Beaufort  dif- 
trifl,  S.  Carolina. 

LoMBERTON,  a  poll-town  of  N.  Car- 
oliaa,  and  capital  of  Ht^befoi  county, 


fituatcd  on  Drowning  creek,  31  miles 
Ibuth  of  Fayetteville,  and  93  s'.  by  W, 
of  Raleigh. 

LuvKNBURG,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
adjoining  Notta^vay,  Brunfwick,  Meck- 
lenburg, and  Charlotte  counties.  It 
is  about  30  miles  long,  and  ao  broad, 
and  contains  8,959  inhabitants,  inclu- 
ding 4,33a  Haves. 

Lunenburg,  a  townfiiip  in    ElTex 
county,  in  Vermont ;  fituated  on  Con- 
nedlicut  river,  S.  W.  of  Guildhall,  and 
N.  E.  of  Concord.     The  river  takes  a 
S.  E.  courfe  along  thefe  towns,  fcpara. 
ting  them  from  Lancaiter,  Dalton,  and 
Littleton,  in  the  State  of  New-Hamp, 
fhire.      The  Upper   Bar  of  the  Fit; 
teen  mile  Falls  is  oppofite  this  town. 
The  Cat  Bow,  a  bend  of  the  Conncfti"* 
cut,  is  near  the  middle  of  the  town. 
The  Upper  Bar  lies  in  lat.  44°  21'  30", 
The  townfhip  contains  no  inhabitants. 
LuNRNBURG,  a  towofhip  of  Wor- 
cefter  county,  MafTachufetts,  on  an  ele- 
vated fituation,  25  miles  from  the  Great 
Monadnock  mountain  in  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  12  from  Watchufett  mountain  in 
this  county,  and  45  miles  N.  W.  of 
Bofton.     It •  contains   14,000  acres  of 
land,  on  which  are   1,300  inhabitants  ; 
and  is  much  more  remarkable  for  the 
health  than  the  wealth  of  its  poflcfibrs. 
The  people  have  little  trade  or  inter, 
courfe  with  the  neighbouring  country, 
and  live  a  folitary  but  independent  lite. 
The  nailing  bufiners  is  carried  on  to  ad- 
vantage.   There  is  a  hill  in  the  middlq 
of  the  townfhip,  called  Turkey  Hilly  on 
account  of  the  great  number  of  wild 
turkies  which  formerly  frequented  the 
place,and  which  denominated  the  whole 
traft  previous  to  its  incorporation  in 
1728;  when  its  prefent  name  was  given 
to  it,  in  compliment  to  King  George  II, 
who  was  ftyled  Duke  of  Lunenburg, 
from  a  town  in  his  German  dominions. 
Lunenburg,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  fituated  in  Albany  county,  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  oppofite  to 
the  city  of  Hudfon,  and  30  miles  fouth  of 
Albany.    It  is  a  thriving  village  of  about 
ao'or  30  houfes,  chiefly  new,  with  a  neat 
Dutch  church.  Handing  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.    A  new  road  is  cutting  from 
this  village  into  thefettlements  on  thcup- 
p-^r  branches  of  the  Delaware  and  Suf- 
quchannah  rivers,  which  will  probably 
prove  highly  beneficial  to  the  town.    A 
number  of  the  MefTrs.  Livingftons  have 
purchafed  land  in  and  about  this  village, 


i-i ....  -i 


to 


LU  Z 


L  Y  «■ 


tkythe  amount  of  >Cio,ooo,  and  have  laid 
out  a  regular  town,  which  will  be  a  rival 
to  Kaats'  Kill,  5  miles  below.  The  fcite 
of  the  town  is  uneven,  and  not  of  a  very 
good  Toil. 

LuNENiiuRO,  a  county  of  Nova-Sco- 
tia, on  Mahone  Bay,  on  the  fouthcrn 
coaft  of  the  prevince,  fac  ng  the  Atlan- 
tic Oceaiv.  its  chief  towns  arc  New- 
Dublin,  Lunenburg,  Chefter,  and  Bland- 
ford.  In  Mahone  Bay,  La  Have,  and 
l,'verpool>feveral  fliips  trade  to  England 
with  timber  and  boards.  Cheiler  is 
fettled  by  a  few  Ncw-Lngland  families 
and  others  :  from  hence  to  Windfor  is 
a  ro:i'J  the  diftance  of  25  miles. 

Lu<4HNin;R0,  a  townlhip  in  the  a- 
boveeounty,  fituatedon  Mer!i<iueth,  or 
^:erliglla(h  Bay,  well  fettled  by  a  num- 
ber ofinduftrious  Germans.  The  lands 
are  good,  and  generally  well  cultivated. 
It  is  35  miles  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Halifax, 
and  a;  N.  by  £.  of  Liverpool. 

LuRGAN,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

LuTTERELLE,  an  ifland  in  Machiae- 
Bay,  in  the  Diftri(5l  of  Maine. 

LuTTERLOCK, a townftiip  in  Orleans 
county,  in  Vermont,  nortli  of  Craftf- 
borough,  IrafbuBgh,  Coventry,  and  Sa- 
lem, which  lie  in  a  N.  N.  £.  dire(^ion 
from  this  town.  Hazen's  Road,  which 
extends  S.  S.  E.  to  the  Oxbow  on  Con- 
nedicut  river,  pafles  tlirough  Lutterlock. 

Luzerne,  a  large  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania, bounded  north  by  Tioga  coun- 
ty, in  the  State  of  New-Yoi;k,  eaft  and 
Ibuth-eaft  by  Northampton,  weft  by 
Lycoming  and  Northumberland  coun- 
ties.  It  is  about  79  miles  in  length  from 
north  to  fbuth,  and  75  in  breadth  from 
eaft  to  weft,  and  is  divided  into  ij 
townfhips.  In  this  county  are  a  church- 
es, 33  law-mills,  a4  grift-mills,  2  fulling- 
niilfs,  and  i  oil-mill.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  4,904,  including  11  flaves, 
A  great  part  of  the  county  is  barren 
vdaere  remote  from  rivers.  It  is  well 
watered  by  the  eaft  branch  of  Sufque- 
hannah  river  and  its  tributaries,,  which 
furnifh  numerous  and  excellent  mill- 
feats.  The  foil  near  the  river  is  re- 
markably fertile,  producing  good  crops 
of  wheat,  flax,  and  hemp.  The  north- 
ern parts  abound  with  pine  timber  and 
fugar-maple.  In  the  townftiips  of  Wilkf^ 
barre,  Kingfton,  Exeter,  and  Plymouth 
ate  large  beds  of  coal.  Bog-iron  is  found 
in  feveral  places,  and  two  forges  have 
been  ere(^ed.    la  this  county  are  many 


retnains  of  ancient  fortifications.  They 
are  of  an  elliptical  form,  and  overgrowtt 
with  large  white-oak  trees.  Chiet  tuwo^ 
Wilklbarrc. 

Lycuminc,  a  new  county  in  the. 
north-wertern  part  of  Pennfylvania^ 
hounded  north  by  the  State  ot  New- 
York,  and  weft  by  Alleghany  coun- 
ty- 

Lycoming,  a  fmall  creek  which  run» 
fouth,  and  empties  into  the  weft  branch 
of  Sufquehannah,  a  few  miles  weft  of 
Loyallbck  Creek.    See  losulfock. 

Lycoming,  a  village  in  Pennlylvania^ 
40  miles  from  Northumberland,  and  66 
from  the  Painted  Poft  in  tlie  State  of 
New-York. 

Lyman,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  coun' 
ty,  New-Hampfhire,  lituated  at  the  foot 
of  a  mounUiin  on  the  eaft  (ide  of  Con- 
nedicut  river,  between  Littleton  and 
Bath,  and  7  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New* 
Concord.  It  was  incorporated  in  1761, 
and  contains  aoa  inhabitants. 
-  Lyme,  or  Lime,  a  townfhip  in  Graf^ 
ton  county,  New-Hamp(hir«,  fituated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Connedticut  river,  i» 
miles  above  Dartmouth  College.  It  wa» 
incorporated  in  17^1,  and  contains  ii(f 
iahabitants, 

LvME,  a  townfhip  in  New-London 
county,  Conncdticut,  the  Nehantick  of 
the  Indians,  is  lituated  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  Conneflicut  river,  at  its  mouth  ;, 
bounded  fouth  by  Long-lfland  Sound«i 
north  by  Haddam  and  Colchefter,  and 
eaft  by  New-London.  It  was  fettled 
about  the  year  1664,  and  was  incorpo-- 
rated  in  May,  1667.  It  contains  three 
parifhes,  beiides  a  congregation  of  Sep» 
aratifts,  and  another  of  Baptifts.  In 
1790,  it  contained  5,8591' inhabitants. 

Lyncheurg,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  in  Bedford  county,  on  the 
louth  fide  of  James  river,  nearly  oppo- 
fite  to  Maddifon,  and  one  mile  diftant.. 
Here  are  about  loo  houfes,  and  a  large 
ware-houfe  for  tiie  inl"pe«^ion  of  tobacco. 
There  is  alfo  a  printing-office  which, 
ifllies  a  weekly  gazette.  In  the  vicinity 
of  the  town  aie  fevctal  valuable  mer- 
chant mills.  It  is  ra  miles  from  New- 
London,  a.;  from  CubelHburg,  50  fronj 
Prince  Edward's  court-houfe,  150  W. 
by  N.  of  Richmond,  and  408  S.  W.  of 
Pniladelphia. 

LTNDEBOROUGH,atownfhipinHillC- 
borough  county,  New-Hampfliire,  about 
70  mues  from  Portfmouth.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  the  year  1764.    In  1775 

it 


vp««qi«* 


k  contained  713  ;  and  in  I790>  i»i8o 
inhabitiuits,  who  are  chiefly  farmers. 

Lyndon,  a  townlbip  in  Caledonia 
county,  in  Vermont,  lies  north  of  St. 
Johnfbury,  and  fbuthward  of  Billymead 
and  Burke.    It  contains  59  inhabitants. 

Lynn,  a  maritime  town  in  EfTcx 
county,  MafTachufetts,  iituated  on  a  bay 
which  fets  up  from  that  of  MafTachu- 
ictts,  north-eafl  of  Bofton  Bay,  and  a- 
bout  9  iliiles  nortii  by  eail  of  th«  town 
of  Bofton.  The  coaipadt  part  of  the 
town  forms  a  very  long  ftrcet.  The 
townfhip,  named  Sungaus  by  the  In> 
diaos,  Was  incorpouted  in  163  7,  and 
contains  1,191  inhabitants.  Here  are 
two  parifhes,  bcfidas  a  fociety  of  Meth- 
odifts,  and  a  large  number  of  Friends. 
The  buCnefs  which  makea  the  greateft 
figure,  and  for  which  tl»e  town  of  Lynn 
is  celebrated,  is  the  inanufadture  of  wo- 
ttens*  filk  and  cloth  (hoes.  Thefe  are 
diipx^d  of  at  Boftoni  Salem,  and  other 
coounercial  towns,  and  fold  for  home 
u{e,  or  fliipped  to  tlie  fouthern  States, 
and  to  the  Well-Indies.  By  a  calcula- 
tion made  in  1795,  it  appeared  that  there 
were  aoo  maftcr  workmen  and  600  ap- 

Erentices  confbindy  employed  in  this 
uHnefs,  who  make  annually  300)000 
pair  of  fhoesi  LjfM  Beach  may  be  reck- 
oned a  curiofity.  It  is  a  mile  m  length, 
itnd  conne«5ls  the  peninfula  called  Na- 
bant  with  the  main  land.  This  is  a 
ptlaceof  much  refortfor  parties  of  pleaf- 
ure  from  Boflon,  Charleftown,  Salem, 
)Marbl*head,  8cc.  in  the  fummer  I'eafon. 
The  beach  is  ufed  as  a  race-ground,  for 
ivhich  it  is  well  calculated,  being  level, 
linooth,  and  hard.  A  mineral  fpring 
has  been  difcovered  within  the  limits  of 
the  townfhip,  but  is  not  of  much  note. 
Lynn  FIELD,  a  townfhip  in  Effex 
county,  MafTachufetts,  N.  E^  of  Salem, 
and  ij  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton.  It 
^vas  incorporated  in  1782,  and  contains 
491  inhabitants. 

Lynnhaven  Bay^  at  the  fouth  end 
of  Chefapeak  Bay,  and  into  which 
Lynnhaven  river  empties  its  waters,  lies 
between  the  mouth  of  James's  river  and 
Cape  Henry.  The  mouth  of  the  river 
is  7  miles  weft  of  Cape  Henry.  Here 
Compte  de  Grafle  moored  the  principal 
part  of  the  French  fleet,  at  the  blockade 
of  York-Town  in  1 7  8 1 . 

Lyons,  a  town  lately  laid  out  in  On- 
tiirio  county,  New- York,  about  i»  miles 
N.  W.  of  Geneva,  at  the  junction  of 
Mud-Cr'^ck  and  Caaandaque  Outlet. 


L Y8  AND ER,  a  townfhip  in  Ononciaj^ 
county,  N.  York,  incorporated  in  1794^ 
and  comprehends  the  military  towns  of 
Ilannibal  and  Cicero.  The  town-meet* 
ingsarc  held  at  the  Three  Rivers  in  this 
town.  It  is  16  miles  S.  £.  of  Lake  On» 
tario.  In  1796  there  were  10  of  its  in< 
habitants  entitled  to  be  eleflurs. 

Lystra,  a  fmall  town  in  Nelfon 
county,  Kentucky,  iituated  on  a  weft 
Witter  of  Rolling  Pork,  a  fouth  branch 


"^i*- 


of  Salt  Riven  N.lat.  37 


MAATEA,  one  of  the  Society  I/I. 
ands,  in  the  S.  Sea,  S.  lat.  17"  5  >'^ 
VV*  long.  J  48"  »'. 

Maca^a,  a  town  fituated  on  the 
nortii-wcft  bank  of  Amazon  river,  W; 
of  Caviana  iflandt  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  a  few  minutes  north  of  the 
cquinodlial  Ime. 

Mac  AS,  the  foutherti  diftrift  of  Qijix-i 
OS,  a  government  of  Peru,  in  S.  America^ 
bounded  E.  by  tfie  government  of  May-* 
nas  J  S.  by  that  of  Bracamoros  and 
Yaguarfongo  ;  and  on  the  Wi  the  E. 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes  feparates  it  from 
the  juriididions  of  Riobamba  and  Cuen-^ 
ca.  Its  capital  is  the  city  of  Macas,  the 
name  commonly  given  to  the  whole 
country.    It  prcxlucesf  in  D;reat  plenty^ 

grain  and  fruits,  copal,  and  wild  wax  j 
ut  the  chief  occupation  of  the  country 
people  is  the  cultivation  of  tobacco. 
Sugar-canes  thrive  alio  here«  as  alfb  cot* 
ton  ;  but  the  dread  of  the  wild  Indians 
prevents  the  inhabitants  from  planting 
more  than  ferves  for  prefent  ufe.  Here 
are  cinnamon  trees,  laid  to  be  of  fuperi- 
or  quality  to  thofe  of  Ceylon.  There 
are  alfo  mines  of  ultra  marine,  from 
which  very  littlei  is  extracted,  but  a  finer 
colour  cannot  be  imagined.  Among 
the  vaft  variety  of  trees  which  crowd 
the  woods,  is  the  ftorax,  whole  gum  is 
exquifitely  fragrant,  but  fcarce. 

Machala,  a  town  of  Guayaquil,  on 
the  coaft  of  Tumbez,  in  Peru,  in  a  de- 
clining ftate.  The  jurifdidtion  of  the 
fame  name  produces  great  quantities  of 
cocoa,  reckoned  the  beft  in  all  Guaya- 
quil. In  its  neichbourhood  are  great 
numbers  of  mangles,  or  mangrove  trees, 
whofe  fpreading  branches  and  thick 
trunks  cover  all  the  plains  ;  which  lying 
low  are  frequently  overflown.  This 
tree  divides  itfelf  mto  very  knotty  and 

diilorted 


'5»'* 


(juil,  on 
in  a  de- 
of  the 
itities  ot 

Guaya- 
re  great 
ve  trees, 
d  thick 
ch  Iving 
this 

itty  and 

orted 


MAC 

diflorted  branches,  and  from  each  knot  j 
H  multitude  ot'othcrs  germinate,  furming  ! 
en  impenetrable  thicket.  The  wuud  oi 
the  mangrove  tree  is  fo  heavy,  us  to 
fink,  in  water,  and  when  uled  in  lliips, 
i<c.  is  found  very  durable,  being  fubjcc't 
neither  to  Iplit  or  rot.  The  Indians  of 
this  jurifdi<::tion  pay  their  annual  tiibutc 
in  the  wood  of  the  mangrove  tree, 

Machancara,  a  nver  formed  by 
tivc  junction  of  fevcral  Iheams,  ifluing 
from  the  Ibuth  and  welt  lides  of  the 
J'anecillu  or  Sugar-Loiif  mountain,  on 
the  fouth-wcft  fide  of  Qnito,  in  Peru. 
It  wafhes  the  fonth  parts  of  the  city, 
and  has  a  llonc  bridge  over  it. 

Machias,  a  pint  of  entry,  poft-town 
and  feat  ol  jultiee,  in  Waihirmton  coun- 
ty, l)ittri(5l  of  Maine,  htuated  on  a  bay 
*)t  Its  own  name,  ao  miles  fouth-weft  of 
raliiimaquoddy,  95  E.  by  N.  of  Penob- 
icot,  and  136  north-eall  of  Portland,  in 
47'^  37'  N.  lat.    It  is  a  thriving  place, 
and  carries  on  a  conlidcrable  trade  to 
Bollon  and  the  Weft-Indies  in  filh,  lum- 
ber, &c.    It  is  contemplated  to  eitablilh 
a.  regu'ar  poll  between  this  town  and 
llalitax,  in  Nova-Scotia.     The  name  of 
the  town  is  altered  from  the  Indian 
name  Mechillcs,  given  to  the  river  in 
the  oldell  maps.    It  is  400  miles  north- 
eall  of  Boflon,  and  about  300  by  water. 
Early  attempts  were  made  to  letdc  here, 
but  the  firft  permanent  fettlenient  was 
iTiade  in  1763,  by  15  perfons  of  both 
lexes  from  Scarborough,  in  Cumberland 
county,  and  in  1784  the  town  was  in- 
corporated.   The  chief  fettlements  are 
at  the  eaft  and  weft  Falls,  and  at  Mid- 
'ile  river.   Machiuj  river,  after  running 
a  north  courfe,  6  miles  dillance  from 
Crols  iiknd,  (which  forms  its  entrance) 
feparates  at  a  place  called  the  Rm;  one 
branch  taking  a  nortti  cait:  direfliori, 
runs  aif  miles,  witli  a  width  of  30  rods 
to  the  head  of  the  tide,  w  here  arc  two 
double  faw-mills,  and  one   grift-mill. 
The  main  branch  runs  a  nonh-wcft 
courfe,  neaiiy  3  miles,  and  is  -/O  rods 
•wide,  to  the  head  of  the  tide,  where  are 
two  double  and  hngle  faw-mills,  and 
two  grift-mills.    The  chief  fettlenient 
is  at  Weft  Falls,  the  county  courts  be- 
ing held  and  the  gaol  ercdted  thero. 
The  main  channel  of  the  river  t:ikes  its 
courfe  to  thefe  falls,  which,  though 
crooked  and  narrow,  admits  veflcls  of 
burden  to  load  at  the  wharves  within 
50  rods  of  the  mills.    This  advantage 
no  other  part  of  the  town  can  enjoy. 


MAC 


The  entr.^ncc 

»••        >"\-      44_  y^5      » 

town  is  divided 


of  Rlaclii.i'?  river 


is  in 
W.  long.  66^  .5  6'.  The 
into  4  diftiidi  f>r  the 
fuppott  ot  Icliouls ;  and  into  2  ior  the 
convenience  of  public  worlhip.  In  1 79 ; 
Walhint'jton  acadtmy  was  eftublilUcd 
here.  The  general  court  incorporated 
a  number  of  gentlemen  as  truftccs,  and 
gave  for  itj  fupport  a  lownfliip  of  land. 
In  1790  the  town  contained  818  inhab- 
itants. Since  that  time  its  population 
has  rapidly  increafed.  The  exports  cf 
Machias  confift  piincipally  of  lumbet, 
viz.  boards,  (hinglcr,  clapboards,  lathr, 
and  various  kinds  of  hewed  limber. 
The  cod-filhery  might  be  carried  on  to 
advantage  thdiigh  it  has  been  greatly 
negledtcd.  In  1793,  between  70  and 
80  tons  were  employed  in  the  nihery  ; 
and  not  above  joo  quintals  were  export- 
ed. The  mill-laws,  of  which  there  are 
17,  out  on  an  average  three  million  leer. 
of  boards  annually.  A  great  proportion 
of  timber  is  ufually  ihippcd  in  Ikitldi 
veflels.  Tlie  total  amount  of  exports 
annually  exceeds  15,000  dollars."  From 
Machias  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  St.  Croix, 
there  are  a  great  many  line  iflands  ;  but 
the  navigation  is  generally  without  thefe 
in  the  open  fea.  I  n  the  year  1 704,  when 
Col.  church  made  an  attack  on  th-^ 
French  plantation  on  the  river  Schoodidc, 
he  found  one  Luttcrelle,  a  French  noblo- 
man,  on  one  of  thefe  illands,  and  remov- 
ed him.  The  ifland  ftill  retains  his  name. 

MacCowan's  FcrJ,  on  Caubaw 
river,  is  upwards  of  500  feet  wide,  and 
about  3  feet  deep.  Lord  Cornwallis 
croHedhere  in  purliiit  of  the  Americans 
in  1 781,  in  his  way  to  Hillftnrougli. 

Mac-Intosh,  a  new  cuuiity  in  d:e 
Lower  diftrict  of  Georgia,  between  Lib- 
erty and  Glynn  counties,  on  the  Alata- 
maha  river. 

Mac-Kenzib's  River,in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  N.  America,  rifcs  in  StTTvc  Lake, 
runs  a  N.  N.  W.  courfe,  and  receives  a 
number  of  large  livers,  many  of  which 
are  250  yards  wide,  and  fome  are  la 
fathon.s  deep  at  the  influx.  It  empties 
into  the  North  Sea,  at  Whale  Ifland  in 
lat.  69^^  14',  between  130''  and  17.$'^ 
W.  long,  after  a  courfe  of  780  miles 
from  Slave  Lake.  It  has  its  name  from 
Mr.  M'Kcnzie,  who  afcended  this  river 
in  the  fummcr  of  1789.  He  erc'Jled  a 
poft  with  his  name  engraven  on  it,  on 
Whale  Ifland,  at  the  mouth  of  diis  river. 
He  faw  there  a  number  of  men  and 
cargoes,  alfo  a  aumber  of  animals  refem- 

bling 


I      <   :.  i 


'■|H 


I^  A  Xi' 


M  A0 


f^I•ng  pieces  of  ice,  fuppofed  by  him  to 
be  whales ;  probably iea-hoife9,defcrib- 
ed  by  Captain  Cook.  The  tide  was 
obferved  to  rife  i6  or  i8  inches.  In 
Ibme  I'laces  the  current  of  the  river 
makes  a  hiffing  noife  like  a  boiling  pot. 
Ii  pafles  through  the  Stoney  Mountains, 
and  has  great  part  of  that  range  on  the 
W.  fide.  The  Indian  naUons»  inhaBit- 
ing  the  W.  fide  from  the  ^  Slave  Lake 
are  the  Strongbov/,  Mountain,  and' Hare 
Indians ;  thole  on  the  E.  fide,  the  Bea- 
ver, Inland^  Nathana,  and  Quarrelers, 
Indians.  No  difcoveries  W.  of  this 
river  have  been  made  by  land. 

MaCoketh,.  or  Maciketchy.  Rivert 
Greaty  empties  into  die  Miffifippi  from 
the  N.  W.  in  N-  lat.  .\%°  23'.  iMtla 
Macoketh  falls  through  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Miffifippi,  about  45  miles  above  the 
itiouth  of  Great  Macoketh>.and  oppofite 
to  the  old  Lead  mine. 

Mac o PIN,  a  finall  river^ which  emp- 
ties into  the  Illinois,  from  the  S.  E.  18 
miles  from  the  Miffifippi  ;■  is  20  yards 
wide,  and'  navigable  9  miles  to  the  hills.. 
The  fhore  is  low  on  both  fides,  clad 
with  paccan,,  maple,  afh,  button-wood, 
&c.  The  land  abounds  with  timber, 
and  is  covered  with  high  weeds. 

MACORi7,,a  fmall  river  on  the  S.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo ;  16  leagues 
E.  of  the  city  of  St.  Doiningu. 

Magungy,  a  townfliip  in  North* 
ampton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Mad,  a  river,  called  alfo  Pickanxa 
Fork,  a  rapid'branch  of  the  great  Miami, 
having  a  S.  W.  courfe.  It  is  a  baautii'id 
fiream,  palling  through  jl  pleafant  level 
country  of  the  greateft  fertility. 

Madame,  IJ!e  forms  the  N.  E'.fide 
of  the  Gut  of  Canfo,  as  you  enter  from 
the  S.  E.  and  is  oppofite  to  the  eaftcrn 
extremity  of  Nova-Scotia.  The  north 
point  of  the  ifland  lies  14  miles  foutherly 
of  St.  Peter's  harbour,  in  Cape  Breton 
ifland.  The  ifles  de  Madame  are  de- 
pendent on  Ciipe  Breton  ifland. 

MadB'URY,  a  townfhip  in  StrafFord 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  fituated  be- 
tween Dover  and  Durham,  about  13 
miles  N.  W.  of  Portfmouth.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1755,  and  has  594  in- 
liabitants. 

Maddisom,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
adjoining  Fayette,  Clarke,  Lincoln,  and 
Mercer  counties.   Chief  town,  Milford. 

Madoison,  a  finall  town  of  Amherll 
county,  Virginia ;  fituated  on  the  N. 
fide  of  James's  river,  oppofite  Lynch- 


burgi    It  lies  150  miles  W.  by  Nr  of 
Richmond. 

Maddison's  Cave,  the  largeft  and 
moft  celebrated  cave  in.  Virginia,  fitua- 
ted-on  the  N.  fide  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 
It  is  in  a  hill  of  about  aoo  feet  perpen- 
dicular heiahf.  the  ?fcent  of  which,  on 
one  fide  is  To  ileep,.that  you  n  •■y  pitclv 
a  bifcuit  from  itS'  fuinmit  into  the  river 
which  wailies  its  bafc.  The  entrance 
of  the  cave  is  in-  this  fide,  about  x.\k>- 
thirds  of  the  way  up.  It  extends  into 
the  earth  about  300  fuet,  branching  into, 
fubordinatc  caverns,  fometimes  alcend- 
ing  a  little,  but  more  generally  defccnd- 
itig,  and  at  length  terminates  in  two 
different  places,  at  bafons  of  water  of 
unknown  extent,  and  which  appeal  to 
be  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  water  of 
the  river.  The  vault  of  this  cave  is  of 
ioVfX  lime-flone,  from  20  to  40  or  ^o 
feethigh,through  wli'ch  water  is  contin- 
ually exudating.  This  trickling  down 
the  fides  of  the  cave,  has  incrufled  them 
over  in  the  form  of  elegant  drapery ;  and 
dripping  from  the  top  of  the  vault,  gen-- 
erates  on  that,  and  on  th«  bafe  below,  ft;i- 
ladlites  of  a  conical  form,fome  of  which 
have  met  and  formedlarge  mufly  column?. 

M.1DERA,-  or  Madeira^  one  of  the 
largeil  branclrcs  of  the  famous  Maranon 
or  river  of  Amazons,  in  S.  America.  In 
174 1,  the  Portuguefe  failed  up  this 
ilreani,  till  they  found  themfelves  near 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sitrra,  between  lat.  1 7" 
and  18"  S.  From  the  mouth  of  this 
river  in  lat.  3^  ao'S.  the  Maranon  is 
known  amof:^  the  inhabitants  by  the 
name  of  the  river  of  Amazons ;,  and  up-^ 
wards  they  give  it  the  name  of  the  riv- 
er of  SoHmoes.  At  Loretto,  the  MadtM 
receives  two  branches  from  the  ibuth. 
Fiom  Lorelto  to  Trinidad" in  lat.  15°  S. 
its  courfe  is  north ;  thence  to  its  moutliits 
general  courfe  is  N.  E.  by  N.  and  N. 

MAr-RF  DE  Dios,  Port^  See  Chrifi- 
Mmi,  St,    Alio  RefoiiUion  Bey. 

Madre  de  PopAi^a  town- and  con* 
vent  of  Terra  Firma  in  S.  America,  fit- 
uated on  the  river  Grande,  or  Magda- 
Icna.  The  pi'grirns  in  S.  America  ret 
ped  this  religious  foundation  with  zeal, 
and  reibit  to  it  in  ercat  numbers :  many 
miracles  beinj^  fiiicl  to  havcibccn  wrought 
here  by  the  Iloly  Virgin,  in  favour  of 
the  Spanifli  iktts  and  dieir  failors,  who 
are  therefore  very  liberal  in  their  dona- 
tions at  her  fhrine.    It  lies  54  miles  E. 


of  Carthagena. 
long.  76°  ijV 


N.  lat.  to"  51',  W- 
Map  RID, 


Mi 


n  AG 

Madrid.    See  A^env  Madrid. 

Madrigal,  a  town  ofPopayan,  in  S. 
America.  N.  lat.  o°5o',  W.lon.  75°  4j'. 

MAGDALENi/7w,acIufterofiflesN.E. 
cf  the-ifle  of  St.  John's,  and  N-W.-oftliat 
of  Cape  Breton,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence  }  fituated 'betwen  47"  13' and  47° 
4a'  N.  lat.  and  in  61*  40'  W.  long. 
They  are  inhabited  by  a  few  fifhermen. 
Si;a-cows  ufed  to  frequent  them  ;  but 
they  are  now  become  fcarce.  Thefe 
iflcii  havebeen  fatal  to  many  vefl'els.  The 
chiefof  them  are  the  Dead  Man,  Entry, 
and  Romea  iflands.  Seamen  wifh  to 
make  them  in  fair  weather,  as  they  ferve 
them  to  take  a  new  departure ;  but  in 
foggy  weatlier  or  blowing  weather  they 
as  ftudioufly  avoid  them. 

Magdalena,^^,  one  of  the  Marque- 
fas'  Iflands  in  the  South  Sea ;  about  6 
leagues  in  <:ircuit,  and  has  a  harbour 
under  a  mountain  on  its  fouth  (ide  near- 
ly in  lat.  10*  aj'  S.    Jong.  138°  jo'W. 

Magoalena,  a  river  of  Louifiana, 
which  empties  into  thegulf  of  Mexico, 
W.  by  S.  of  Mexicano  riven 

Magdalena,  a  large  river,  the  two 
principal  fources  of  which  are  at  no  great 
-diftance  from  the  city  of  Popayan,  in 
Terra  Firma.  Belcazar,  by  going 
down  this  river,  found  a  paflage  to  the 
North  Sea.  The  rkver,  after  uniting 
its  waters  with  the  Cance,  takes  the 
name  of  Grande,  and  falls  into  the 
North  Sea  below  the  town  of  Madre  de 
Popa.  The  banks  of  this  gt  eat  river  are 
well  inhabited,  and  it  has  a  courfe  of 
above  aoo  leag>>e3.  Its  mouth  is  much 
frequented  by  fmiiggJers,  and  conveys 
to  Caithagena  die  produOlions  of  New 
Granada,  viz.  gold  and  p/jin.  Among 
many  other  conliderable  places  on  its 
tanks  are  Malanibito,Tencnftc,  Talay- 
gua,  Monpox,TamaIameqiie,  &c. 

Magdalene,  Cupc  of,  a  promon- 
tory in  the  ceatre  of  Cinada,  where 
tliere  is  an  iron  ipine,  which  promifcs 
great  advantap;e  ■,  both  witb  regard  to 
the  goodncfs  of  the  metal  and  the  plen- 
ty ot  the  ore. 

Ma  gee's  Sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America,  is  fjtuated  in  Waihing- 
ton's  Iflands,  or  what  the  Britifh  '*;t:I 
Edward's,  or  Charlotte's  Ifles,  fo  called 
by  two  different  captains  on  their  firft 
filling  in  with  them.  I,at.  51''  46'  N. 
long.  131°  46' W.  This  found  is  divid- 
ed by  Dorr's  Ifland  into  two  parts,  lead- 
iag  into  one.  The  otlier  port  is  called 
Pert  Perkips.  -      -. - 


MAG 

^agegadavick,  or  MagacadtK'a,(ir 
Eafiem  Rivety  falls  into  the  bay  of  Pat 
lamaquoddy,  and  is  fuppofed  to  be  tlie 
true  St.  Croix,  which  forms  part  of  the 
eaftern  boundary  line  between  the  Uni- 
ted States  and  New-Bruniwick.  This 
difputed  line  is  now  in  train  for  fettle- 
mcnt,  agreeable  to.tlie  treaty  of  1 794. 

Magellan,  Straits  of,  at  the  fouth 
extremity  of  S.  America,  lie  between 
$%"  and  54"  S.lat.  and  between  76°  and 
84°  W.  longitude.  Thefe  ftraits  have 
Patagonia  on  the  N.  and  the  iflands  of 
Terra  del  Fuego  on  the  S.  and  extend 
from  E.  to  W.  no  leagues,  but  the 
breadth  in  fome  places  falls.ihort  of  one. 
They  were  firft  difcovered  by  Magel- 
lan, or  Magelhaens,  aPortugucfe,  in  the 
fervice  of  Spain^  who,  in  1520  found 
out  thereby  a  paflage  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  or  Southern  ocean.  He 
was  the  firft  navigator  ■who /ailed  round 
the  world. 

MAGELLANiA,or  Terra  Magellanica, 
a  vaft  tradt  of  Jand,  extending,  from  the 
province  of  Rio  de  la  PlaU,  quite  to  the 
utmoft  verge  of  S.  America,  viz.  from 
lat.  35«  to  54*  S.     The  river  Sinfondo 
.divides  the  W.  part  from  the  S.  of  Chili  i 
the  northern  part  of  it  alfo  borders  on 
Chili,  and  Cuyo  or  Chicaito  on  the  W« 
The  South  Sea  bounds  it,  in  part,  on  the 
W.    The  N.  ocean  wholly  on  the  E. 
and  ftraits  of  XHagcllan  on  the  S.    Ma- 
gellan hinifelf  made  no  great  difcoveries 
in  this  countiy,  except  the  two  capes, 
of  Virgins  and  Defn^.    The  two  prin- 
cipal  nations  difcovered  by  the  miflion- 
arie-,  are,  the  Chunians  and  Huillans ; 
the  former  inhabit  the  continent,  and 
fcvcral  iflands,  to  the  nortliward  of  the 
Huillans,  who  inliabit  the  country  near 
Magellan  Straits.     The  foil  is  generally 
barren,  hardly  bearing  any  grain,  ani 
the  trees^  exhibit  a  difmal  aipedt ;  fo 
that  the  inhabitants  live  miferably  in  a 
cold,  inhofpitable  climate.    The  Huil- 
lans are  not  numerous,  being  hunted 
like  wild  beafts,  by  the  Chunians,  who 
fell  them  for  flaves.    The  other  nations 
are  not  known,  much  Icfs  their  genius 
or  manner  of  living.    The  eaftern  coaft« 
of  Magellan  are  generally  low,  abound, 
ii-o  with  bogs,  aiKl  have  feveral  iflands 
near  the  fliore ;  the  moft  remarkable  of 
which  is  the  Ifle  of  Penguins,  fo  called 
from  a  bird  of  that  name,  which  abounds 
on  it.    The  iflands  S.  of  the  ftraits  are 
Terra  del  Fuego ;  as  there  is  a  volcano 
in  the  largelt  of  tliero»  emitting  fire  and 

unoke. 


-1  I 


i 


""'m^ 


■  I 


MAI 

fnioke,  and  appears  terrible  in  the  night. 
The  Sp;ini;irds  eredtcd  a  fort  on  this 
fttait,  iind  placed  a  garrilbn  in  it;  but 
the  men  were  all  ftarved. 

Maguana,  St.  "John  of,  a  canton 
and  town  on  the  S.  lide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  is  fituatcd  on  the  left  fide 
of  the  river  Neybe.  The  capital  of  the 
ancient  Indian  kingdom  of  Maguana, 
ftood  where  the  town  St.  John  of  Ma- 
guana IS  iituated.  The  ancient  capital 
difappcared  widi  the  unfortunate  prince 
Anacoana.  This  canton  was  pillaged  by 
the  Englilh  privateers,  in  1543.  In  1764 
the  diftrift  of  the  new  pariih  contained 
2,f>oo  pcrlbns,  of  whom  300  were  capa- 
ble of  bearing  arms.  Its  population 
anuiimts  now  to  more  than  5000  fouls. 

Mahackamack,  a  river  which  falls 
JBto  the  Delav/arc  from  the  N.  E.  at  the 
N.W.  corner  of  the  State  of  New-Jerley. 

Mahone  Bay,  on  the  coatl  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  is  feparated  from  Margaret's  bay 
by  the  promontory  on  which  is  the  high 
land  of  Afpotagocn. 

Mahonmng,  a  townfliip  on  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  in  Pennfylvania. 

Mahonoy,  a  townfhip  on  Sufque- 
liannah  river,  in  Pennfylvania.  See 
Northumberland  county. 

Maidenhead,  afmall  neat  village  in 
Hunterdon  county,  New-Jcrfcy,  having 
a  Treibyterian  church,  halfway  between 
Princeton  and  Trenton,  on  the  great 
pofl-road  from  New-York  to  Philadel- 
phia ;  fix  miles  from  each.  The  town- 
Ihip  of  Maidenhead  contains  103a  in- 
habitants, including  160  flaves. 

MAiDSTONt,  a  to.,  'hip  in  Eflex 
county,  in  Vermont,  on  Connecticut 
river,  containing  125  inhabitants. 

MAINE,  District  of,  belonging 
to  Malfachufetts,  is  fituated  between  lat. 
Af  and  40°  15'  north,  and  hetv/een  long. 
''4''  Si'  ii"d  70°  ,■',</  weft  ;  bounded 
north  by  Lower-Cunad.i,  call:  by  the 
province  of  New-Bruniwick,  fouth  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  well  by  New- 
Hampfiilre.  The  Diilrift  of  Maine  is 
in  length,  on  an  average,  200  miles,  and 
its  average  breadth  200  miles ;  contain- 
ing 40,000  fquare  miles,  or  25,600,000 
acres.  It  is  divided  into  5  counties, 
viz.  York,  Cumberland,  Lincoln,  Han- 
cock, and  Walhington  :  thefe  are  fub- 
divided  into  near  200  incorporated 
townfhips  and  plantations ;  inhabited  by 
96,540  free  people.  The  chief  towns 
are  Portland  the  metropolis  of  the  Dif- 
trid  of  Maine>  Yojrk,  Pownalboroiigh 


M  A  I 

and  Wifcaflet,  Hallowell,  Bath,  WaltJo- 
borough,  Penobfcot,  and  Machias.  The 
laft  iwentioned  is  the  only  incorporated 
town  in  Wafhington  county,  the  other 
fettlements  being  only  plantations.  The 
chief  rivers  are  Penobfcot,  Kennebeck, 
Saco,  Androfcoggin,  St.  Croix,  &c.  be- 
iides  a  vaft  number  of  fmall  rivers.  The 
mofl  noted  lakes  are  Moofehead,  Scoo- 
dic,  Sqbacook,  and  Umbagog.  The 
chief  bays  are  thofc  of  Calco,  Penob- 
fcot, Machias,  Saco,  and  PafTamaquod- 
dy.  The  moH  remarkable  capes  are 
thofe  of  Neddock,  Porpoife,  Elizabeth, 
Small  Point,  Pemaquid,  and  Petit  Ma- 
nan.  The  Diflria:  of  Miiine,  though 
an  elevated  trait  of  country,  cannot  be 
called  mountainous.  A  great  propor- 
tion of  the  lands  are  arable  and  exceed- 
ingly fertile,  particularly  between  Pe- 
nobfcot and  Kennebeck  rivers.  On  fome 
parts  of  the  fea-coaft,  the  lands  are  but 
indifferent.  The  lands  in  this  Diftrift 
may  be  confidered  in  three  divifions  : 
the  Jirji  comprehending  the  tra£t  lying 
E.  of  Penobfcot  river,  of  about  4,500,000 
acres  ;  the  fecond,  and  beft  traft,  of 
about  4,000,000  acres,  lying  between 
Penobfcot  and  Kennebeck  rivers ;  the 
third,  firtl  fettled  and  mofl  populous  at 
prefent,  weft  of  Kennebeck  river,  con- 
taining alio  about  4,000,000  acres.  The 
foil  of  this  country,  in  general,  where  it 
is  properly  fitted  to  receive  the  feed,  ap- 
pears to  be  very  friendly  to  the  growth 
of  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  peas,  hemp, 
and  flax,  as  well  as  fcir  the  production  of 
almofl  all  kinds  of  culinaiy  roots  and 
plants,  and  for  Englifh  grafs  ;  and 
a!fo  for  Indian  corn,  efpeciully  if 
the  feed  be  procured  from  a  more 
northern  climate.  Hops  are  the  fpon- 
tancous  growth  of  this  country  ;  and  it 
is  alfo  uncommonly  good  for  graz- 
ing, and  large  ftocks  of  neat  cattle  may 
be  fed  both  fummer  and  winter.  The 
natural  grov/th  of  this  Diftrift  confifts 
of  white  pine  and  fprucc  trees  in  large 
quantities,  liiitable  for  malls,  boards, 
and  fhingles  ;  maple,  beech,  white  and 
grey  oak,  and  yellow  birch.  The  low 
lanas  produce  fir,  which  is  neither  fit 
for  timber  nor  fuel,  but  yields  a  balfani 
that  is  highly  orized.  Almo^  the  whole 
coaft  N.  E.  ot  Portland-is  lined  with  ill- 
ands,  among  which  vefTels  may  gener- 
ally anchor  witli  fafety.  The  principal 
exports  of  tliis  country  are  various  kinds 
of  lumber,  as  pine  boards,  fliip  timber, 
and  every  f'pecies  of  fplit  lumber  manu- 
factured 


M  A  L 


MAN 


r  .     ...I  19 


fa£tured  from  pine  and  oak ;  thefc  are 
exported  from  the  various  ports  in  im- 
tnenfe  quantities.  A  fpirit  of  improve- 
ment is  increaHng  here.  A  charter  for 
a  college  has  been  granted  by  the  legil- 
lature,  and  five  academic?  incorporated 
and  endowed  with  handfome  grants  of 
public  lands.  Town  fchools  are  gener- 
ally maintained  in  raoft  of  the  towns. 
The  Commonwealth  of  Maflachufetts 
pofFefs  between  eight  and  nine  million 
acres  in  this  Diftrid,  independent  of 
what  they  have  fold  or  contrafted  to  fell, 
which  brings  into  tlie  treafury  the  neat 
fum of ;(^a69,oo5  18:7  currency;  and 
befides  about  two  million  acres  between 
St.  Croix  and  Paflamaquoddy  in^fpute 
between  the  U.  States  and  the  Britifh  na- 
tion. Exclufivc  of  the  lands  fold,  about 
385,000  acres  have  been  granted  for  the 
encouragement  of  literature  and  other 
ufeful  and  humane  purpofes.  Attempts 
were  made  to  fettle  this  country  as  ear- 
ly as  1607,  on  die  W.  fide  01  Kenne- 
beck  river ;  but  they  proved  unfuccqll- 
ful,  and  were  not  repeated  till  between 
i6»o  and  1630.  In  1635,  the  Nvcftem 
part  of  it  was  granted  to  Ferdinando 
Gorges,  by  the  Plymouth  Company, 
and  he  firlt  inftituted  government  in 
this  province.  In  t6.?2,  this  province 
came  under  the  jurifdiftion  of  Maflachu- 
fetts, and  was,  by  charter,  incorporated 
with  it,  in  1691.  It  has  (ince  increafed 
to  upwards  of  100,000  inhabitants,  and 
will,  it  is  expedted,  fhortly  be  ereflied 
into  a  feparate  State. 

M.AIHB,  Le,  a  ftrait  between  Terra 
del  Fuego  and  Staten-Ifland,  in  S.Amer- 
ica. 

Maisy,  Capff,  is  the  eaflcrnmoft 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Majabagaouce,  in  tlie  Diftri<5l  of 
Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobfcot  river, 
on  the  call  fide. 

Make  FIELD,  Ufper  and  Lonver, 
townfliips  in  Buck's  county,  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Malabar,  Cape,  or  Sandy  Point,  a 
narrow  ftrip  of  land  proje<5ling  out 
from  the  fouth-eaft  part  of  Cape  Cod, 
in  Maflachufetts,  about  8  mil'js  S.  by 
W.  N.  lat.  41"  33',  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich  70"  3'. 

Malabrigo,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft 
of  Peru,  in  the  S.  Sea. 

Malambito,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Carthagena,  in  Terra  Firma,  about 
60  miles  eafterly  of  Carthagena,  and  on 
tlie  W.  fide  of  the  river  Magdidena, 


Malden,  a  town  in  Mlddlefex  coun- 
ty, Maflachufetts,  on  the  catlern  poft- 
road,  4  miles  north  of  Boflon,  contain- 
ing 1,033  inhabitants.  It  is  connected 
with  Charleflown  by  a  bridge  over  Myf- 
tic  river,  built  in  1787. 

Maldonado,  a  bay  in  tlie  river  La 
Plata,  eaflward  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  S. 
America,  and  9  leagues  from  Cape  San- 
ta  Maria. 

Mama  Kating,  a  townfliip  in  UI- 
fter  county,  New-Vork,  W.  of  Mont- 
gomery and  Wallkill,  on  Delaware  riv- 
er. It  contains  1,763  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding i3»  eledors,  and  51  flaves. 

Mamaroneck,  a  townlhip  in  Weft- 
Chefter  county,  New- York,  containing 
45 »  inhabitants,  including  57  (laves. 
It  is  bounded  foutherly  by  New  Ro- 
chelle,  and  eafterly  by  the  Sound. 

Mamarumi,  a  place  on  the  road 
from  CJuayaquil  to  Quito,  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca, where  there  is  a  very  beautiful  cas- 
cade. The  rock  from  which  the  water 
precipitates  itfdf,  is  nearly  perpendicu- 
lar, and  50  fathoms  high  ;  and  on  both 
lides  edged  with  lofty  and  fprcading 
trees.  The  clearnefs  of  the  water  daz- 
zles the  fight,  which  is  delighted,  at  the 
fame  time,  with  the  large  volume  of 
water  formed  in  its  fall ;  after  which 
it  continues  its  courfe  in  a  bed,  along  a 
fmall  delcent,  and  is  croffed  over  by  a 
bridge. 

AlANALLiN,  a  townfliip  in  York 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Manca,  a  town  of  Weft-Florida,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  at  the 
mouth  of  Hona  Cliitto  river. 

Mancenilla,  a  large  bay  on  the 
N.  fide  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo  ; 
about  4,000  fathoms  long  from  W.to 
E.  and  1,800  broad  from  N.  to  S.  The 
S.  E.  part  of  the  bay  is  very  wide,  and 
affords  excellent  anchorage,  even  for 
yeflels  of  the  lirll  fize.  In  other  parts 
-  it  is  too  fliallow.  The  river  Maflacre, 
which  was  the  point  of  feparation  of 
the  French  and  Spanifh  colonies  on  the 
N.  of  the  ifland,  runs  a  N.  courfe,  to- 
wards its  mouth  N.  W.  and  enters  the 
ealfern  part  of  the  bay.  The  bay  of 
Mancenilla,  tiiough  a  very  fine  one,  is 
not  fb  ufeful  as  it  might  be,  if  its  bottom 
were  well  known.  There  are  feveral 
(hallows  in  it,  owing  to  the  overflowings 
of  the  Maflacre,  which  rolls  into  it, 
wood,  fand,  and  ftones,  in  great  quan- 
tities, fo  that  it  fcems  necefiar^^  to  iound 
the  bay  aonuaily;  after  tliey  are  ovei> 

In 


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Is  general,  it  is  prudent,  on  entering,  to 
kicp  clofer  to  the  point  of  Ycaque,  than 
to  the  S.  fide  of  the  bay  ;  becaufe  the 
fan  dy  point  has  no  rocks.  The  bottom 
of  the  bay  is  muddy^  Tl^e  river  Maf- 
I'acre  is,  during  a  league,  from  5  to  la 
feet  deep,  and  pietty  wide ;  but  its  bed 
is  often  full  of  the  wood  which  the  cur- 
rent brings  down.  U  fwarms  with  lifh ; 
and  here  are  found  thoi'e  enormous  mul- 
lets which  are  the  pride  of  the  table  at 
Cape  Francois.  In  the  times  of  the 
^oods,  thefe  fi(h  are  driven  towards  the 
bay,  where  negroes,  well  praftifed  in 
the  bulineis,  jim  fof  them.  Fiihing  in 
4hc  bay  is  difficult  enough,  oji  account 
of  thj  drifted  wood  j  but  the  4iegroes 
iue  good  divers,  and  are  often  obliged 
to  go  to  tlie  bottom  and  dii'tngage  the 
ieine ;  but  when  it  gets  near  the  beach, 
it  is  a  lingular  and  itriking  fpedacle,  to 
lee  the  negr»)es,  the  filh,  and  the  alliga- 
tors, all  flouncing  about  in  the  water  to- 
getlier.  The  negroes  kill  the  alligators, 
knock,  out  their  teeth,  and  fell  them  to 
ruake  corals,  tlie  garniture  of  which 
i'crves  to  mark  the  degree  of  luxury  or 
pride  of  thofe  who  hang  them  to  the 
necks  of  their  children.  The  plenty  of 
£ib  often  attrads  (hips  of  war  to  this 
jbay.  The  mouth  of  MafTacre  river  lies 
in  N.  lat.  19°  44',  W.  long,  from  Paris 

74°  9'- 

Ma  n  c  h  AC,  a  town  on  the  Miflifippi, 
two  miles  below  the  Indian  town  of 
Alabama.  The  banks  of  the  river  at 
>Ianchac,  though  frequently  overflowed 
by  the  vernal  luundations,  are  50  feet 
perpendicular  height  above  the  furface 
of  the  water  ;  and  the  river,  at  its  low- 
tA  ebb,  is  not  lef's  than  40  fathoms  deep, 
and  nearly  a  mile  in  width.  The  Span- 
ilh  fortrels  on  the  point  of  land  below 
the  Ibberville,  dole  by  th;  banks  of  the 
river,  hp.s  a  coniniunicition  witJi  Man- 
chac,  by  a  flender,  narrow,  wooden 
bridge,  acrofs  tlie  channel  of  Ibberville, 
and  not  a  bovv-lhot  from  the  habitations 
ci'  Manchiic. 

Manchkstf.r,  a  fmall  fifhing-town, 
fituated  on  the  iea-coaft  between  Cape 
Anne  and  Beverly,  in  Eilex  county, 
MafTachufetts.  The  fifliery  is  carried 
on  from  this  port  chiefly  in  the  vefTcls, 
and  for  the  account  of  the  merchants  in 
Bollon,  and  other  places.  The  town- 
ihiplies  S.  E.  of  Wenham,  and  3omiles 
IS.  E.  of  Bollon.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1645,  and  contains  965  inhabitants. 
.  AjAKCHfisi-ER,  a  poll-town  oi"  Ver- 


mont, in  Bennington  county,  on  Bat^en« 
kill.  It  is  aa  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ben* 
nington,  and  59  N.  E.  of  Albany  ia 
New-York.  This  townfhip  contain* 
1376  inhabitants.  In  the  S.  part  of  the 
town,  in  a  hill  a  little  W.  of  the  Batten- 
kill,  is  a  deep  ftratum  of  friable  calca- 
reous earth,  ^^f  the  whitenefe  of  chaik ; 
and  apparently  compofed  of  fhells, 
which  requires  but  httle  burning  to 
produce  good  lime. 

MANCHEstER,  a  townfhip  in  York 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

MANCHiiSTER,  a  fmall  town  of  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  x>n  the  S.  fide  of  Jame» 
river,  oppofite  to  Richmond,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  lo 
1 78 1  this  town  fuffered  much  during 
AJ'nold's  defirudive  expedition. 

Manchester,  atownofNova-Sco. 
tia,  ro  leagues  N.  W.  of  Cape  Canfo, 
It  contained  ajo  families  in  1783. 

Manchester  House,  one  of  the 
Hudibn  Bay  Company's  fia6lories,  lies 
100  miles  W.  of  Hudfon's  Houfe,  and 
75  S.  £.  of  Buckinijham  Houfe.  It 
Itands  on  the  S.  W.  ude  of  Safeafhawan 
river,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  N.  America. 
N.  lat.  Si"  14'  18",  W.  long.  100"'  ao'. 

Man  CORA,  a  place  on  the  road  from 
Guayaquil  to  TruxiUa,  in  Peru,  fituated 
on  tne  fea-coafl.  Through  it,  during 
winter,  runs  a  rivulet  of  frefh  water,  to 
the  great  relief  of  the  mules  that  travel 
this  way.  In  fummer,  the  little  remain- 
ing  in  its  <:hannel  is  fo  brackifli,  as  to  be 
hardly  tolerable. 

Mangeea,  an  ifland  of  the  S.  Seas, 
vifited  by  Captain  Cook  in  the  beginning 
of  his  laft  voyage.  The  coafl  is  guard- 
ed b^'  a  reef  of  coral  rocks,  againft  which 
a  heavy  furf  is  continually  breaking. 
The  ifland  is  about  i^  miles  in  circum- 
ference. The  inhabitants  appear  of  a 
warlike  difpofition.  S.  bt.  ai"  a?',  W^. 
long.  ij8°  y. 

Manhattan,  the  ancient  name  of 
Long-Ifland,  and  alfo  of  York-Ifland. 

Manheim,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  the  county  of  Lancafter.  It  contains 
about  60  houfes,  aod  a  Dutch  church. 
Glafs  works  were  ereifted  here  previous 
to  the  revolution,  but  they  are  fallen  to 
decay.  It  is  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lan. 
cafter,  and  77  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 
— Alfo  the  name  of  a  town  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine.  There  is  another  of  the 
fame  name  in  York  county,  Pennfylya* 
nia. 

Manicouacan,  or  Blaci  River,  ru 


n  Bsrtten- 
.  of  Ben- 
ilbany  ia 
containv 
art  of  the 
le  Batten- 
jle  calca- 
of  chalk. ; 
3f  (hells, 
irning  to 


>  in 


York 


vn  of  Vir- 
:  of  Jame» 
>nd,  with 
ridge.  lo 
ch  during 
on. 

Nova-Sco. 
ipe  Canfo, 

)ne  of  the 
Jiories,  lies 
loufe,  and 
rioufe.  It 
afeaftiawan 
J.  America. 
g.  1 00°  «o'. 
•  roaa  from 
:ru,  fituated 

it,  during 
h  water,  to 

that  travel 
ttle  remain- 
ifli,  as  to  be 

he  S.  Seas, 
e  beginning 
ift  is  guard, 
ainft  which 
f  breaking, 
i  in  circuni- 
appear  of  a 
bi^  »7',  W. 

nt  name  of 

)rk-Ifland. 

ennfylvania, 

It  contains 

tch  church. 

ere  previous 

are  fallen  to 

W.  of  Lan. 

hiladelphiii. 

in  Lincoln 
[lother  of  the 
,  Pennfylva* 

ick  River,  t'u 
fet 


tti  from  a  lake  of  its  name,  in  Lower 
Canada ;  runs  a  fouthem  courfe,  and 
^Is  into  the  St.  Lawrence  85  miles  N. 
£.  of  Tadoufac. 

Man  I  EL,  or  rather  Bahorucoy  moun- 
tains  in  the  ifland  of  Hifpaniola  of  St.- 
Domingo,  zo  miles'  in  circumference,: 
and  almoft  inacceiBble.  They  have  been 
for  80  years  paft  the  place  of  refuge  of 
the  fugttive  Spanifti  and  French  negroes. 
Thefe  brigands  have  as  yet  always  de- 
fied their  purfuers.  The  foil  of^  thefe 
mountains  is  fertile^  tlie  air  temperate, 
and  the  flreams  in  them  abound  with 
g6ld  duftr 

Ma  NIL  1,0  N,  a  townftjip  in  Fayette 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Manitoualin,  a  clufter  of  iffands 
■ear  the  northern  fhore  of  Lake  Huron* 
conHdered  as  facred  by  the  Indians. 

Manlius,.  atowninipin  Onondago 
county,  New-York,  incorporated  in 
1794,  and  is  the  feat  of  the  county  courts. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Butternut,  Lime- 
ftone,  and  Chittenengo  creeks,  which 
unite  at  the  N.  E.  corner  of  the  town  ; 
and  the  flream,  afTuming  the  latter  name, 
runs  north  to  Oneida  lake,  which  is  10 
miles  northerly  of  the  centre  of  the 
town.  It  comprehends  that  part  of  the 
Onondago  relervation  bounded  fouther- 
!y  by  the  Geneil'ee  road,  and  wefterly 
by  Onondago  creek  and  the  Salt  lake. 
Of  its  inhabitants  96  are  elet^lors,  ac- 
cording to  the  State  cenfus  of  1796. 

Man  MIC.  Indian  villages  on  the  Pi- 
caway  fork  of  the  Manmic,  or  Miami 
of  the  lake,  and  St.  Mary's  river.  See 
Miami. 

MANNiNGTON,atownlhip  in  Salem 
•ounty,  New-Jerfcy. 

Manor,  a  townfhip  in  Lancailer 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Man  sbl,  an  ifland  in  the  N.  E.  part 
(jf  Hudfon's  bay,  between  Southampton 
ifland  and  the  coaft  of  Labrador,  N.  lat. 

Mansfield,  a  towndiip  in  Suffex 
county,  New-Jerfey,  containing  1481 
inhabitants,  including  ^,5  flaves.  It  is 
fituated  on  Mui'conecunk.  river,  about 
7  miles  fouth-ealterly  of  Oxford,  and  as 
far  northerly  of  Greenwich. 

Mansfip.ld,  a  townfhip  in  Briftol 
county,  MalTachufetts,  fituated  30  miles 
foutherly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1770,  and  contains  983  inhabit- 
ants. 

Mansfield,  a  townfliip  in  Chitten- 
4Ua   county,    Vermont,    between  I,a  [ 


Moille  and  Onion  rivers,  about  7  vnWci 
diftance  from  each,  and  11  j  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Bennington. 

Mansfield,  a  townfhip  in  Burling' 
ton  county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  S.  (idcr 
of  Black's  creek,  conffiling  of  i9,oc<» 
acres^  of  an  excellent  foil,  noted  for  its 
fine  paftures  and  large  daries.  It  is  8 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Burlington,  and  i.j 
S.  by  E.  of  Trenton.  The  inhaBitant* 
^ate  moftly  Friend's. 

Mansfield,  a  townfhip  ii>  Wind*' 
ham  courity,Conna(5licut,  about  30- miles- 
north  of  New-London,  and  as  far  eaft 
i  of  Hartford  .^ 

Manx  a,  a  Bay  of  Guayaquil,  ii> 
South-America,  formerly  famous  for  a; 
coniiderable  pearl  fifliery ;  but  it  has 
been  totally  dilcontinued  for  fome  years. 
There  is  alfo  a  point  of  this  name  on 
the  coafl  near  it.  The  bay  has  its  name 
from  the  great  numbers  of  large  fifbr 
called  tnantas,  the  catching  of  which  i» 
the  common  employment  of  the  inhab- 
itants. The  method  of  carrying  orr 
this  fiihery  i&  as  follows  :•  they  throw 
into  the  water  a  leg  of  wood,  about  i& 
feet  long,  and  near  a  foot  in  diameter  j 
on  one  end  they  place  their  net,  and  on 
the  other  an  Indian  (lands  in  an  erei5t. 
portion,  and  with  a  fingle  oar  rows  his 
tottering  bark  lo  the  diftance  of  half  z 
league  from  the  fhore,  where  he  fhoots- 
his  net;  another  Indian  follows  on  a 
I'imilar  log,  takes  hold  of  the  rope  faft- 
ened  to- one  end  of  the  net,  and  wherr 
fully  extended,  they  both  make  towardS' 
die  land,  hauling  the  net  after  them.  It 
is  aflonifliing  to  obferve  with  what  agil- 
ity the  Indians  maintain  an  equilibrium 
on  thefe  round  logs,  notwithftandinp; 
tlie  continual  agitations  of  the  foa,  and 
their  being,  obliged  to  mind"  the  oai'  and 
tlie  net  at  the  fame  time.  They  are  in- 
deed excellent  fwimmers  ;  fo  that  if 
they  fKp  off  they  are  ir->.niediately  on* 
the  log  again,  and  in  tlieir  former  poii- 
tion» 

MAPLET0N,a  name  given  to  a  pFeaf- 
ant  range  of  excellent  farms,  3  miles  eaffi 
of  Princeton,  in  New-Jerfey. 

Maquoit,  a  bay  of  flioal  waters  ir> 
Cafco-Bay,  in  the  DiftriiS  of  Maine,  a- 
bout  zo  miles  north  of  Cape  Elizabeth^ 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  hiltory  of 
Maine ;.  where  the  Indians  were  ufed  to 
land  with  their  canoes,  and  from  thence 
carry  them  to  Pejepjcot  Falls,  on  An- 
drofcoggin,  river.  This  was  done  with 
the  tbu  of  only  4  hours  walk.    Front 

thefe 


ft     'k 


<      i 


I'M 


I 


MAR 

sliefe  falls  they  went  down  into  Kenne- 
beck  river ;  and  from  thence  continued 
their  route  up  that  river  to  Weflerun- 
fett,  and  thence  over  to  St.  Lawrence  ; 
or  turned  and  went  down  through  Mon- 
feag  bay,  towards  Penobfcot ;  or  from 
the  falls  they  continued  their  progrefs 
up  Andiofcog^in  river,  beyond  the 
White  Mountains,  and  over  to  Con- 
refticut  river,  and  from  thence  to  Lake 
Meniphrcniagog,  and  down  to  the  lim- 
its of  Canada. 

Maracaibo,  Maracaylot  or  Mar' 
acaya,  a  fmall  but  rich  city  of  Venezu- 
elo,  a  province  of  Terra  Fiima  in  South- 
America,  fituated  on  the  weftcrn  bank 
of  the  lake  of  the  fame  name,  about  i8 
riilcs  from  its  mouth  and  73  S.  W.  of 
Coro.  It  is  well  built,  has  Icveral  ftate- 
ly  houfcs,  very  regular,  and  adorned 
with  balconies,  from  which  there  is  a 
piofpeit  of  the  lake,  which  has  the  ap- 
peal ance  of  ^.  fea.  Here  are  about  4000 
inhabitants,  of  whom  800  are  able  to 
bear  arms.  It  has  a  governor  fubordi- 
nate  to  the  governor  of  Terra  Firma. 
Here  is  a  large  parochial  church,  an 
hofpital,  and  4  convents.  Veffels  from 
25  to  30  tons  frequent  this  port,  with 
manufa<5lures  and  merchandize  from 
the  places  near  the  lake,  which  are  after- 
wards put  on  board  Spanifh  fhips  that 
come  hither  to  buy  them.  Ships  are 
built  at  Maracaibo,  which  trade  all  over 
America,  and  even  into  Spain,  this  place 
being  very  commodious  for  fliip-build- 
ing.  It  lies  338  miles  eaft  of  Rio  dc  la 
Hacha.    N.  lat.  10"  51',  W.  long.  70" 

Maracaibo  Lake,  or  rather  Gulf,  a 
large  collection  of  waters,  on  which  the 
town  above  mentioned  is  Utuated.  It  is 
near  ao8  miles  long,  and  in  foine  parts, 
50  in  breadth,  running  from  S.  to  N. 
and  emptying  itfelf  into  the  N.  Sea ; 
the  entrance  of  which  is  well  defended 
by  ftrong  forts  ;  but  Sir  Henry  Morgan 
pafled  by  them,  plundered  feveral  Span- 
i(h  towns  on  the  coaft,  and  defeated  a 
fquadron  which  had  been  fent  to  inter- 
cept him.  As  the  tidj  flows  into  the 
lake,  its  water  is  fomewhat  brackifh, 
notwithftanding  the  many  rivers  it  re- 
ceives. It  abounds  with  all  forts  of 
fi(h,  fome  of  which  are  very  large.  By 
the  navigation  of  this  lake,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Venezuela  carry  on  a  trade  with 
thofe  of  New  Granada.  The  lake  be- 
comes narrower  towards  the  middle, 
where  the  town  is  ereiltcd. 


MAR 

Maragnon.  SeeRiverofj1f;iai:cf}j4 
MARAGNON,or Maratiou,  or Mari^^. 
non,  the  name  di  a  northern  captai'n- 
Ihip  of  Brazil.  Chief  town,  St.  Louis. 
Mar  AN  HAD,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the 
mouth  of  the  noted  rivers  Maracu, 
Topocoru,  and  Mony,  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  province  of  Maranhao,  or  Maranon 
in  Brazil.  The  ifland  is  oblong,  45 
miles  in  circuit,  very  fertile,  and  wdl 
inhabited.  The  French,  who  feizcd 
on  it  in  i6ij,  built  a  town  here,  called 
St.  Louis  de  Maragnan ;  but  it  is  now  iu 
the  hands  of  the  Portuguefe,  and  is  ;i 
bifhop's  fee.  It  is  very  llrong,  and  hi  - 
a  ftout  caflile  built  on  a  rock,  toward;. 
the  fea,  which  commands  a  very  con- 
venient harbour.  The  ifland  itfelf 
is  very  difficult  of  acceft,  by  reafon  ^A 
the  rapidity  of  the  three  rivers  which 
form  It :  fo  that  veflcls  mull  wait  f^r 
proper  winds  and  feafons  to  vilit  it. 
Beudes  the  town  mentioned  here,  arn 
two  fmaller  ones,  viz.  St.  Andero,  on 
the  moft  northern  point,  and  St.Jago, 
on  the  fouthem.  The  natives  ha\i; 
about  27  hamlets,  each  confifting  ci' 
four  large  hutSj  forming  a  fquare  in  the 
middle ;  all  being  built  of  large  timbcrj 
and  covered  from  top  to  bottom  witli 
leaves :  fo  that  each  may  contain  aoo  or 
300  perfons.  The  inhabitants  are  ftrony 
and  healthy,  and  live  to  a  gieat  age  ; 
bows  and  arrows  are  their  only  wciip- 
ons,  with  which  they  are  very  dextrous: 
but  they  are  fierce  and  cruel,  efpeci;dly 
to  their  enemies.  The  continent,  3  or  4 
leagues  from  the  ifland,  is  inhabited  by 
the  Tapouytapare,  and  Toupinambois 
nations,  who  are  wild  and  fierce,  and 
divided  into  15  or  ao  fuch  hamlets,  as 
have  been  defcribed  above.  Contiguous 
to  thefe  are  the  territories  of  Cuma  and 
Gayeta,  inhabited  by  nearly  the  finic 
Ibrt  of  people.  The  capital,  Maragnan, 
has  a  harbour  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
St.  Mary,  on  the  Adantic  ocean  ;  495 
miles  N.  W.  of  Cape  St.  Roque.   S.  lat. 

a°a7'»  W.  Jong.  44°  36'. 

Marblehead,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  in  EflTex  county,  Kafl;icliii' 
fetts,  4  miles  S.  E.  of  Salem,  19  N.  L'. 
of  Bofton  ;  containing  t  iipifcopal  anil 
a  Congregational  churches,  and  5,661 
inhabitants.  The  harbour  lies  in  front 
of  the  town  S.  E.  extending  from  S.  W. 
to  N.E.  about  one  mile  and  a  half  in 
length,  and  half  a  mile  broad.  It  is 
formed  by  Marblehead  neck  on  the  S. 
and  £.  and  is  protcded  by  a  fea  wail, 

which, 


ir  Marij^- 
captain- 
5t.  Louis, 
id  at  the 
Maracu, 
N.  fide  of 
Maranon 
jlong,  45 
and  w(ll 
ho  feiztd 
re,  calki! 
is  now  ill 
,  and  is  a 
5,  and  h.!- 
;,  towards 
very  con- 
and   itiyf 
■  reafon  vi 
irers  which 
ft  wait  for 
to  vifit  it. 
I  here,  arn 
\.ndero,  on 
d  St.Jagc, 
itives  ha\'; 
aniilling  (i' 
[uarein  the 
rge  timbcrj 
lottom  with 
itain  20C  or 
s  are  ftrony 
gieat  age; 
only  weap- 
y  dextrcub: 
,  efpecially 
aent,  3  or  4 
ihabitcd  by 
upinarabois 
fierce,  and 
hamlets,  as 
Contiguous 
Cuma  and 
y  the  fiime 
Maragran, 
of  the  river 
ocean  -,  495 
:iue.   S.  lat. 

f  entry  and 
Kaflacliu- 
19N.I:. 
3ifcopal  and 
and  5,661 
lies  in  front 
fromS.W- 
d  a  half  in 
road.  It  IS 
on  the  S. 
^  a  fea  Avail, 
which, 


MAR 

ttrhich,  before  its  late  re|)a!i^,  wad  \ti 
imminent  danger  of  giving  way,  to  the 
great  detriment,  if  not  ruin  of  me  port. 
A  battery  and  citadel  were  erefted  here 
in  1795,  for  the  defence  of  the  place, 
hyorder  ofCongreis;  The  bank  fi(he- 
ry  employs  the  principal  attention  of 
the  inhabitants,  and  more  is  done  of 
this  bufinefs,  in  this  place^  than  in  any 
other  in  the  State.  The  exports  of  thd 
year  1794,  amounted  to  184,532  dollars. 
Marblehead  was  incorporated  in  1649, 
and  lies  in  Nw  lat.  4»^  30',  W^  longt 
69°  49'. 

Mar  61.  Et  OWN,  a  townfllip  in  Ulfter 
county,  New- York,  fituated  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  fome  d^- 
tance  from  it  \  8  miles  S.  W.  by  S.  of 
£fopus,  and  near  80  N.  of  New-York 
city.  It  contains  3,190  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 374  flaves.  By  the  State  cen- 
fus  of  1796,  374  of  the  inhabitants  are 
eledors-. 

Marc,  St.    Se6  Mnrk, 

Marcellus,  a  military  tbwnftiip  in 
Onondago  county,  New- York,  fituated 
on  Skaneutetcs  lake,  tt  miles  W.  of 
Onondago  Caftle.  Marcelius,  as  in- 
corporated in  1 794,  comprehends  alfo 
rfie  townfllip  of  Camillus,  part  of  the 
Onondago  refervation,  and  part  of  the 
referred  lands  lying  S.  W.  of  the  Salt 
Lake.  In  1796,  65  of  its  inhabitants 
"titxt  elecJlorsi 

Marcus  HOoii,  a  town  in  Chcftet 
county,  Pennfylvania,  on  the  weft  iide 
df  Delaware  river,  ao  miles  below  Phil- 
adelphia. It  contains  about  30  families, 
rtere  are  two  rows  of  piers,  or  lohg 
wharves,  to  defend  veflels  from  the  dri- 
ving of  ice  in  winter. 

Marechaux,  Cape,  forms  the  N.Ei 
fide  of  the  bay  of  Jacmel,  in  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.    N.  lat.  18°  18'. 

Marechites  Indians  inhabit  the 
banks  of  the  river  !jt.  John,  and  around 
Paffamaquoddy  bay.  They  are  efti- 
mated  at  140  nghting  men< 

Marequita,  a  city  of  New  Grana- 
da, Terra  Firma^  S.  America. 

MAROAi,LAWAY,a  Hvor which rifcs 
in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  and  crofles  the 
New-Hamp(hire  line  between  Lake  Urn* 
bagor  and  a  mountain  on  the  north,  and 
rons  fouth-weftward  to  Amarifcoggin 
river.    Its  mouth  is  10  rods  wide. 

Margaret's .Bdry,  St.  a  port  on  the 

foukh  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  between 

Proipefl  Harbour  and  Mahone  Bay  ; 

fcom  which  laft  i(  i^  itwatated  by  a  pro^ 

*■     .■«*» -  % 


montory,  ob  which  is  the  hlgti  land  of 
Ai'potagoen. 

Ma  RG  AR  ETT  A,  or  Santa  Margarftttk 
de  lat  Caraccas,  an  ifland  of  Terra  FlN 
ma,  in  S.America,  from  which  it  is 
parted  by  a  ftrait  24  miles  wide ;  (>% 
miles  W.  of  Paria,  or  New  Andalufiai 
Coluiftbus  difcOvered  it  iii  his  third  voy-i 
age,  annoi  1498)  It  is  40  miles  in  length 
and  24  in  breadth  ;  and|  being  always 
verdant,  affords  a  rttoft  agreeable  prof- 
peA.  It  abounds  in  pafture,  maize  and 
fruit ;  but  there  is  a  fcarcity  of  wood 
and  watert  ^  There  was  once  a  pearl- 
fifliery  on  its  coaft,  which  produced 
one  pearl,  the  fineft  ev^r  feen,  valued  at 
jCiijOoo  fterlihg,  bought  by  the  king 
of  Spain.  The  mhabitahts  are  a  mixture 
of  Indians  and  Spaniards,  who  are  lazy 
and  iuperftitious.  Here  are  fev^ral  forts 
of  animals)  particularly  wild  hogs,  with 
fifh  and  fowl.  N.  lat.  1 1 "  46',  W.  long. 
64°  12'. 

MARGAlifiT*s  tjlandii  In  the  N.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  were  difcovered  by  Capt. 
James  Magee,  in  the  fhip  Margaret,  of 
Bofton,  in  his  voyage  from  Kamfchatka 
in  1780.  Theit  latitude  is  »4''  40^  N. 
Ibng.  i4i*»  la'E. 

Maroarkttsville,  a  village  in 
.Wafhington  county,  Maryland,  about 
16  miles  S.  byE.  of  ElizabethiTown 
and  6  N.  Ej  ot  William's  Port. 

Margot,  the  river  and  heights  of 
Margot  are  on  the  E.  (ide  of  the  Miffi- 
fippi.  The  river  has  a  wefterly  courfe« 
and  is  faid  to  be  navigable  for  batteaux 
a  number  of  miles.  The  grourtd  below 
its  junction  with  the  Miflifippi,  in  lat. 
35°  28'  N.  affords  a  commanding,  airy, 
pleafant,  and  extenfive  fituation  fiir  fet- 
tlements }  the  foil  is  remarkably  fertile. 
About  3  miles  below  this,  the  French 
built  Affumption  Fort  in  1736,  when  at 
war  with  tlie  Chickafaws,  but  the  year 
after  it  was  demoliflied,  when  a  peace 
was  concluded.  It  is  70  miles  from  the 
river  St.  Francis,  and  104  from  the 
Chickafaw  river, 

Margot  Port,  a  maritime  village 
on  the  N.  fide  of  the  idand  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, in  19°  48'  N.  lat.  9  leagues  weft- 
waid  of  Cape  Francois. 

Maria,  C,Ape  Santa,  is  the  north- 
ern cape  at  the  mouth  of  La  Plata  river^ 
in  S.  America ;  9  leagues  from  the  hay 
of  Maldonade,  and  aofrom  Montebideo, 
a  bay  fo  called  from  a  mountain  which 
overlooks  it. 

Maku  San^taj  a  town  of  the  au- 
y„  i   ■,    dience' 


■k 


P  i 


'•i 

'A 

U_v.,..>(«j' 


^eppe  of  Panama,  in  S.  America.  It 
was  built  oy  the  Spaniard; -Iboja  after 
;hey  difcovered  the  gold  suues  ;in  its 
neighbourhood.  N.  lat.  7"  43',  W. 
iong.  78®  i»'. 

Mariaoalantb,  one  pf  the  CaJ-ib- 
pee  Iflands  in  the  Atlantic  og^an ;  io 
called  from  the  fliip's  name  in  wliich 
<i?olumbus  difcovered  it,  in  1493.  It 
is  of  an  elliptical  figure,  4^  leagues  from 
N.  to  S.  and  3  fr«m  E.  to  W.  It  lies 
5  or  6  leaflues  S.eafterly  of  Guadaloupe, 
qibove  half  its  furface  is  barren  n^oun- 
tains..^  There  are  only  t\n)  pariihes,  tlie 
principal  at  the  fouth  defended  by  a  fort 
called  BafTeterre.  It  is  indifferently 
watered,  but  produces  8oo,ooolb.  of  cof- 
fee, ioo,ooolo.  cotton,  and  i,oQo,ooolb. 
of  fugar.  The  French  planted  a  <co]ony 
tere  in  1648.    It  was  taken  by  the  £n- 

Slilh  in  1692,  but  the  French  fuon  fet- 
ed there  again,  and  flill  pofieis  it. 
N.  lat.  is"  ss',  W.  long.  61°  6\ 
_  Marian N A,  was  tlie  namegivcirtO' 
the  diftrift  granted  by  the  Plymouth 
Council  to  Captain  John  Mafon  in  1621. 
It  extended  from  the  river  Naumkeag, 
now  Salem,  round  Cape  Ann,  to  Mer- 
rimack river,  and  from  Uie  lea  to  tlie 
kends  of  tlieie  rivers,  with  the  iilands 
lying  within  3  miles  of  the  coaft. 

Ma  RIB,  Cape  Dame  the  weftem- 
moft  point  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domin- 
go, whichy  with  Cape  St.  Nicholas, 
forms  the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Leo- 
gane.  N.  lat.  18°^  38.',  W.  long,  from 
Paris  76°  51'.  The  town  of  this  name>. 
fituated  on  the  cape,  is  on  the  north-, 
welternmoft  part  of  the  fouth  peninl'u- 
ia;  8  leagues  weft  pfjeremie,  and  60 
weft  of  Port  au  Prince.  The  towns 
and  villages,  along  the  north  coaft  of  the 
peninfula,  and  in  the  bay  or  bite  of  Le- 
ogane,  between  the  cape  and  Port  au 
Prince,  are  P'  tit  Trou,  Anfe  a  Veau, 
Maragoane,  .  ctite  Goave,^  Grand  Go- 
ave,  &c. 

Marie,  Strath  of,  conneft  Lakes 
Superior  and  Huron,  which  will  permit 
boats  to  pafs,  but  not  larget  veflels. 
Near  the  upper  end  of  thele  ftraits,. 
vdiich  are  40  miles  long,  is  a  rapid> 
which  (though  it  is  impoflible  for  ca- 
noes to  afcend)  may  be  navigated  by 
boats  without  aanger,  when  conduced 
by  able  pilots.  The  ftraits  afford  one 
of  the  moft  pleafing  profpedls  in  the 
world  :  on  the  left,  leading  to  lake  Su- 
perior, may  be  feen  many  beautiful  lit- 
tle iikadsi  tliat  extend  a  gonlid^riible 


lit  Aifie 

way  before  you ;  and  On  the  right  aH 
agjceable  iiicce(iiqn  of  fmall  points  oi 
land,  which  pripjc<^  a  little  W4y  into  the 
water,,  and  eonM°ibute  witli  taetflands 
to  render  it  Uulighjtful. 

Marie L,  Portt  a  harbour  on  the 
north  (ide  of  the  ijland  of  Cuba,  which 
will  aduiit  frigates  of  30  guns. 

MAR,iETTA,tt  poft-town  and  fettlc- 
ment  of  the  N.  W.  Territory,  (ituated 
on  the  Ohio  at  tjie  mouth  of  the  Mul- 
kinguni.  The  Campus  Martius  in  this 
town  is  ^  clevatqd.public  fquai'c,  found- 
ed by  tlie  Ohio  Company,  in  the  year 

1788.  The  fbrtiiication  is  all  of  hewn 
timber,  and  for  appe;u'ance,  conveniences 
iuid  defence,  of  i'uperior  excellence.  !t 
is  more  than  30  feet  above  the  high  banks 
of  the  Mulkingunh  and  only  1.^9  yards 
diftant  from.tluit  fiv^'F,  with  a  beautiful 
natural-glacis  irvfiront*  The  town  con> 
fifts  of  1,000  .houfc-lots  of  90  by  180 
feet  J  the  fpacious  ftreets  interfeift  eaclt 
other  at  right  angles,  and  there  are  n^!  • 
ceflkry  £)uarcs  re^rvcd  for  u{e,  pleafure, 
and  ornament.  There  are  but  few 
houfcs  yet  ere(5led.  It  is  19  miles  above 
Bel-Pre,  86  fouth-weft  of  Wheelings 
146  fouth-weft  of  Pittlburg,  140  north- 
eaft  of  Lexington  in  Kentucky,  and  460 
W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  The  nioutb 
of  Mufltingura  river  lies  in  lat.  39°  34', 
long-  8a°  9'. 

Mark's,  St.  a  town  of  E.  Florida,  at 
the  head  of  the  bay  of  Apalachy ;  180 
miles  welt  of  St.  Auguftine,  and  10.; 
from  the  Alachua  Savannah.  N.  lat.  30" 
x^'■,  W.  long.  85°  4;'. 

Mark,  St.  a  jurildidlion  in  the  weft 
part  of  the  iHand  of  St.  Domingo,  con- 
taining 4  pariflies^  Its  exports,  (hipped 
from  the  town  of  its  name,  from  Jan.  ly 

1789,  to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were 
3,065,0471b.  white  fugar,  7.,93i,7iolb. 
brown  fugar,,  7,041, Bjalb.  coffee, 
3,a5o,89olb.  cotton,  349,8  i9Jb.  indigo, 
and  various  articles  to  the  value  of 
a,25o^  livres  ;.  the  total  value  of  duties 
on  exportation  116,974  dollars  4  cents. 
The  town  of  St.  Mai  k  lies  at  the  head 
of  a  bay  of  its  name,  which  is  at  the 
head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite  of  Leogane. 
The  bay  is  formed  by  Cape  St.  Mark  on 
the  fouth,  and  Morne  au  Diable  on  the 
north.  This  town,  although  fmall,  is 
reckoned  the  pleaianteft  in  the  ifland* 
Its  commerce  is  conliderable.  It  owes 
a  great  deal  of  its  embelliihments  to  the 
attention  of  M.  de  Marbois,  during  his 
adminifti-^tipQ,. .  Itis  %%  leagues  weft  o£ 

,.      *,  ^s..      Hinche^, 


i  ! 


the  weft 
igo,  con- 
ftiipped 
mjan.  i, 
ear,  were 
,7iolb. 
coffee, 
,  indigo, 
value  of 
of  duties 
4  cents, 
the  head 
is  at  the 
Leogane. 
Mark  Oil 
lie  OD  the 
fmallf  is 
le  ifland*' 
It  owes 
ts  to  the 
uring  hi» 
;s  weft  o£. 
iinche,,  v 


MA  R. 

SIfoehe,  19%  nortli-weft  of  Port  au 
trince,  14  louth  by.  weft  of  Les  Go- 
BiiiivM,  30  fouth  of  Port  de  Paix,  and 
»64.fouth-weft.of  Cape  Francois.  N. 
ht.  19"  j',  W.  long.  75°  10'. 

Marlborough,  a  county  jn  the 
nortli-eaft  corner  of  CJieraws  diftridt,  on 
the  Great  Pedee  rivei;,  S.  Carolina,  %s 
miles  long,  and  19  bdoad. 

Marlborough,  New,  a  townlhip 
in  BerMl\ire  county,  Mailachufetts,  con- 
taining 1,550  inhabitants.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1759,  and  is  .135  nijies 
welt  by  Ibuth  of  lioftoi).        ;. 

Marlborough,  an  ancient  and 
wealtky  townlhip  in  Middfei'cx  county, 
Maffacliuletts,  (the  Okonnuakam/tt  of 
the  Indians)  was  incorporated  in  1660, 
and  contains  1,55:4  inhabitants.  It  is 
a8  miles  weft  ot  Bofton.  A  modfJ  of 
manufiiduring  Spanifh  brown,  from  a 
kind  of  earth  or  loam,  laid  to  refemble 
bed-orp,  though  not  impregnated  with 
particlfes  of  iron,  has  lately  been  difcov- 
ered  in  this  town  by  an  ingenious  gen- 
tleman. He  conftruded  an  air  fiirnace, 
at  a  trivial  expenle;  and  in  the  year 
j;794,  could  calcine  and  prepare  for  tlie 
mill  a  ton  in  34  hours,  6  days  in  fucccf- 
fion,  without  great  expenie  of  wood. 
Connoiileurs  in  paints  acknowledge  it  is 
good.  His  firft  attempts  in  making 
Ipruce  yellow  were  likewile  llattering. 

Marlborough,  a  townihip  in 
Windham  county,  Vermont,  having 
Newfane  on  the  north*  Halifiix  fouth, 
fitattleborough  eaft,  and  Wilmington  on 
tlie  weft.    U  codtaios  629  inhabitants. 

MARLBORouoh,  a  poit-town  in 
Chelhire  county,  New-ilamplhire,  fix 
miles  from  Keene,  ao  north  of  Winclien- 
don,  and  26  from  Alhburnhara  in  Mai- 
fachul'etts.  It  was  incorporated  in  i  ;>  7  6, 
and  contains.  786  inhabitants. 

Marlborough,  A'i?w,  a  townfhip 
in  Ulfter  county,  New-York,  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  north  of 
Newburgh.'  It  contains  2,241  inhabit- 
ants ;  ot  whom  339  are  eledors,  and  58 
iUtvea^ 

Marlborough,  tlie  name  of  three 
townihips  in  Pennfyivania,  the  one  in 
Montgomery  county,  andEaft  and  Weft 
Marlborough  in  Cheftet  county. 

Marlborough,  £owfr,  atownof 
Maryland,  fituated  in  Calvert  county  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Patuxent  river,  24  miles 
fouthneaft  of  Waihington  city.  It  con- 
tains about  60  hooles,  and  a  ware-lioufe 
ivt  tl;e  iofpet^on  ot  tobacco.    The  riv- 


M  A  R 

eriruwigable  for  fiiipi  of  burden  f(* 
fome  miles  above  the  town. 

Marlborough,  Upper,  the  chief 
town  of  Prince  George's  county,  Ma- 
ryland. It  is  fituated  on  the  fouth-weft 
fide  of  Hatavilit,  one  of  tlie  two  princi- 
pal branches  of  Patuxent  river.  It  con* 
tains  about'  120  houfes,  a  court-houfe, 
and  a  ware-houfe  for  the  inlpeftion  or 
tobacco.  It  is  47  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Bal- 
timore, and.  about  15  eafterly  of  the  city 
of  Wfiihington. 

Ma^^rlow-,  a  townfhip  in  Chefhire 
ceiunty,New-Hamp(hire,ftttledin  i^6r. 
It  contains  313  inhabitants. 

Marmosets,  a  harbour  in  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  which  may  receive 
merchantmen,  but  the  entrance  of  it  is 
rendered  difficult  by  the  breakers.  It 
lies  between  Gape  Rouge  and  Grand 
Port  Berhagne. 

Marooes,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Old-Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  in  the 
South  Sea. 

.  Marqubsas.  Thefe  iflands  are  j 
in- number,  viz.  La  Magdalena,  St.  Pe-> 
dro.  La  Dominica,' Santa  Chriftina,  and 
Hood's  Ifland,  fituatcd-in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean',  between  the  latitude  of  9* 
a6'  and  lo**  25'  fouth  y  and  between  the 
longitude  of  138°  47'  and  139*^  13'  weft. 
They  were  firft  dilcovered  by  Mendana 
and  Quiros,  in  1595  ;  and  in  1774, 
Capt.  Cook  afcertained  their  fituatioa 
more  particularly,  which  before  was 
different  in  different  charts.  La  Domi- 
nica, the  largeft,  is  about  1 6' leagues  in 
circuit,  in  lat.  9"  44'  fouth.  Hood's  Ifl- 
and was  difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook  in 
1774.  The  inhabitants,  taken  colle(5tive- 
ly,  are,  without  exception,  the  fineft: 
race  of  peopk  in  thefe  feas ;  and  for' 
good  {ha^s  and  regular  features  theyi 
perhaps  lurpafs  all  nations.  They  arc 
thought  to  be  of  the  fame  origin  as  thofe 
of  Otaheite  and  of  the  Society  Ifland^. 
They  have  hogs,  fowls,  plantains  and 
other  vegetables  and  roots  ;  likewife  a 
I  fewbre.ad-fruit  arid  cocoa  trees.  North- 
'north-weft  of  thefe  iflands,  from'3?  to- 
50  liases  diftant,  are  the  7  ifles  called' 
Ingraham^s  Ijlet;  fAAc\i{tz.  -^ 

Marrowvne,  a   rivei^  of  Dutch'. 
Guiana,  in  S.  Amend. "  ^ 

Marshfield,  a  townflrip  in  Plym- 
outh county,  Maffachufetts,  bounded  S: 
by  Duxborough,  and  36  miles  S.  E.  of 
Bofton.    It  was  incorporated  in  1640^^ 
and  contains  1269  inhabitants. 

MAMtifiBta,  a  townlhtp- in  Cale- 
donia 


f] 

\ 

'v 

1'  ) 

r, 

.'I-  ,  'I 


itii ;  ■  V 


1  .i 


'■::l 


I  ■•  '0^W^ 


It 


'1:: 


I  I 


M  A  K 

donk  county,  in  Vermont  i  adiMsing 
to  Calais  on  the  N.  W.  and  Peachum 
N.E. 

MARSHP(iE,by  feTer»]  writers  called 
Majhpec,  an  ancient  Indian  town  in 
Barnilable  county,  Maffacbufetts,  con» 
taining  ^08  inhabitants.  There  u  ftil) 
9n  Indian  chqich  here,  but  not  more 
than  40  or  50  perfon9  are  pure  Indians, 
The  whole  conlifts  pf  about  80  families, 
prinQipally  of  a  mixed  race,  being  a8o 
ibuls  in  ju!.  They  have  greatly  de^ 
creafed  lince  1603,  when  there  were 
914  adults,  befides  ilr anglers  in  the 
plantation  and  places  adiacent ;  under 
the  care  of  Mr.  Rowlano  Cotton,  rain- 
iiler  of  Sandwich. 

MARSHy  Hope,  the  north-weftern 
branch  of  Nanticoke  river  in  Maryland. 
Feder^{burgh  lies  on  the  ^.  ftde,  ij  or 
14  miles  from  its  mouth 

Martha  fiaAE^  a  irnaM  town  hav- 
ing a  harbour,  7  leagues  W«  of  Monte* 
go  Point.  It  is  frequented  only  by 
luch  veffcls  as  are  parucularly  dcitined 
for  this  place.  There  is  a  bar  with  16 
or  1 7  feet  water  in  going  in  j  and  the 
paflkge  in  coming  out  between  the  Tri- 
angle Rocks  is  not  more  than  60  feet 
wide  with  64  or  7  fathoms  water,  St;e 
falnfoutk. 

MMtTHARiver,Si^  See M^gdalfva. 

Martha,  Si.  a  province  of  Terra 
rirma,  or  Caydile  del  Oro,  in  5.  Ameri- 
ca ;  bounded  JJ.  by  the  North  Sea  j  E. 
by  R^o  de  la  Hacha ;  "S.  by  J^qw-Gra- 
nada,  and  W.  by  the  territory  of  Cartha-r 
gena.  The  Jiir  is  colder  here  ^d  more 
pure  than  in  the  adjoining  countries^ 
The  vallies  are  fertile,  and  produce 
maize,  vith  other  grains  and  fruits,, 
«fpecially  oranges,  lemons,  pine-apples, 
grapes,  &c.  alio  indigo  ana  cochineal, 
and  fome  woods  for  dying.  The  moun- 
tains which  are  known  to  failprs  by  the 
ranie  of  the  Snowy  nioyntains  of  St.Mar- 
tha,  produce  gold,  emeralds,  fapphires, 
chalcedonies,  jaiper,  and  curious  marble. 
Qn  the  coafts,  where  Ihiuggiing  is  car- 
ried on,  are  ialt-works,  and  two  pearl 
iiAierieSt  It  is  about  3  op  miles  in  length, 
and  ioo  in  breadth,  19  a  mountainous 
country,  ai:4  in  general  reckoned  the 
higbeft  in  this  part  of  the  world, 

Martha,  Sf.  a  gity  in  the  province 
laft  mentioned,  with  a  harbour  on  the 
;K.  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  tlie  Guayra  ; 
about  X24  miles  N.  £•  of  Carthagena. 
Ttis  the  reHdence  of  a  governor  and  oifli* 
Qp.    The  huufes  are  puilt  with  caocs, 


MAR 

tnd  are  very  neat,  Its  harbour  i's  hr^e^ 
convenient,  and  fafe.  and  the  environs 
agreeable  and  fertile.  At  prefent  it 
contains  about  3000  inhabitants,  who 
carry  on  an  extenfive  rich  trade,  and 
make  great  quantities  of  cottons,  ftufFs, 
&c.  with  earthen  ware,  which  is  much 
efteemed.  It  has  a  valuabkpearl  fifhery, 
in  which  great  numbers  of  flaves  are  em- 
ployed, whofe  dexterity  in  diving  for 
the  oyfters  is  very  extraordinary  ;  Ibmo 
of  whom  will  remain  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour  under  water,  and  will  rife  with  a 
bafket  full^     '^.  lat.  11"  a6',  W.  long. 

Martha*s  Vineyard,  an  iflondbe- 
longing  to  Duke's  county,  Maflachu- 
fetts,  called  by  the  Indians  Nopt?,  or 
Capawoci,  is  (ituated  between  40'  17', 
and  41**  19'  N.  lat.  and  between  70^  aa' 
and  70*  50*  W-  long,  about  11  mile* 
long  and  6  broauk  and  lies  a  little  to  the 
W.  of  Nantucket.  Martha's  Vineyard, 
Chabaquiddick,  Neman's  Ifland,  and 
die  Ehzabetb  Iflands,  which  contaii^ 
about  16,500  acres  of  valuable  land,  con- 
ftitutc  Duke's  county,  containing  3,165 
white  inhabitants,  and  between  400  and 
SCO  Indians  and  mulattoes  }  who  fub-. 
Uft  by  agriculture  and  fifhing.  Cattle 
and  fheep  are  raifed  here  in  great  num- 
bers ;  and  rye,  corn  and  oats  are  the  chief' 
produce  of  the  ifland .  White  pipe-clay, 
and  yellow  and  red  ochre  are  found  in 
Martha's  Vineyard.  The  ravages  of 
war  were  feverely  felt  in  this  indultriouS; 
fpou  In  September,  1778,  the  Britidi 
made  a  requisition  of  their  militia  arms,^ 
300  oxen,  and  aaco  flieep,  which  were 
delivered  up..    See  Gov  Head. 

Martick,  a  townfhip  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennlylvania, 

M  A  R  T I N ,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftrift, 
N.  Carolina,  adjoining  Tyrrcl,  Halifax, 
Bertie,  and  Pitt  counties.  It  contains 
6,080  inh^itants,  of  whom  1,889  are 
flaves, 

Martin,  Cape  St.  on  thecoaft  of 
New-Spain  on  tlie  North  Sea. 

Martin's,  St.  one  of  the  northcrn- 
raoft  of  the  Caribbee  iflands  }  (ituated 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  between  Anguilla 
on  the  north,  from  whence  it  is  diftant 
a  league  and  a  half,  and  St.  Bartholo- 
mew on  the  fouth-caft,  15  miles.  It  is 
about  I  ?  leagues  in  circumference,  with 
commodious  bays  and  roads  on  the  N, 
W,  lide.  Here  are  good  falt-pits,  and 
lakes  of  fait  water,  which  run  a  great ' 
way  witiiin  tlie  land ;  but  ha?  no  tre(h 

water 


icafter 


MAR     '. 

vater  but  what  falls  from  the  clouds, 
and  is  faved  by  the  inhabitants  in  cif- 
tcrns.  Ti>e  fait  lakes  abound  in  good 
filh,  particularly  turtle  ;  and  the  fait 
water  {jools  are  frequented  by  vaft  nurn- 
bers  of  birds.  In  the  woods  are  wild 
hogs,  turtle-doves,  and  parrots  innumer- 
able. Here  are  feveral  trees  producing 
fjums ;  and  plenty  of  the  candle-iree, 
plinters  of  which,  when  dry  and  light- 
ed, emit  a  very  fragrant  fmcll.  Its  to- 
bacco, the  chief  commodity  cultivated, 
is  reckoned  the  bed  in  the  Caribbee 
idands.  The  Spaniards  abandoned  this 
i/land  in  1650,  and  blew  up  a  furt  which 
they  had  erefted.  The  French  and 
Dutch  ai'terwards  (hared  the  ifland  be- 
tween them.  But  in  1689,  were  attack- 
ed and  plundered  by  Sir  Timothy 
Thornhill,  and  in  July,  1744,  were  driv- 
en out  by  the  Brjtilh  forces,  and  did  not 
return  till  after  the  peace  of  1 763,  They 
now  enjoy  about  35,000  acres,  out  cf 
the  55,000  which  the  whole  ifland  con- 
tains. The  two  colonies  breed  poultry 
and  (heep,  which  they  fell  to  the  other 
iflands.  They  alfo  ciutirate  a  little  cut» 
ton  and  coffee.  About  ao  years  ago  the 
Ib'rench  part  contained  400  white  fami- 
lies, and  10,000  flaves.  The  Dutch  part 
So  more  than  60  families,  and  about  aoo 
aves.  N.  lat.  1 8°  6',  W.  long.  6a<?  30^ 
Martin  ICO,  one  of  tlie  Targeft  of 
the  Caribbee  iflands,  fituated  between 
lat.  14°  and  ij"  N.  and  in  long.  6i<'  W. 
lying  about  40  leagues  N.  W.  of  Barba- 
aoes,  and  aa  S.  by  £.  of  Guadaloupe, 
is  about  60  miles  in  length,  and  30  in 
breadth  t  contiaininff  about  a6o  fquare 
miles.  Th?  inland  part  of  it  is  hilly, 
from  whicli  are  poured  out  on  every 
fide,  a  nuniber  of  agreeaUe  and  ufeful 
rivers,  which  adorn  and  enrich  this  ifl- 
and in  a  high  degree.  The  produce  of 
the  foil  is  iugar,  cotton,  indigo,  ginger, 
and  fuch  fruits  and  produdions  as  are 
found  in  the  neighbourinc  iflands.  But 
fugar  is  here,  as  in  all  the  Weft-India 
iilands,  the  principal  commodity  of 
wjiich  they  export  a  confiderable  c^an* 
tity  annually.  Martinico  is  the  refidtnce 
of  the  governor  of  tlic  French  jflandj  in 
thefc  leas.  Its  bays  and  harbours  are 
numerous,  frfe,  and  commodious,  aid 
well  fortified, .  It  is  divided  into  a8  pir- 
ilhes,  which  contain  about  the  fame  nun- 
hcr  of  towns  and  villages,  and  a  princi- 
pal towns,  Fort  Royal  and  St.  Pierre. 
Jh  1770,  it  contained  18,450  white  peo- 
pie;    1814  free  blgcU  of  muUttoes; 


M  A  It   l^ 

70.5/3  flaves,  and  44.)  fugiuvc  ncgro«#i 
About  the  fame  tinie  its  products  were 
computed  at  33  million  lb.  of  fugar,  3 
million  lb.  of  coffee,  6oo,o«o  lb.  of  cot- 
ton, and  40,000  lb.  of  cocoa.  Foreign- 
ers carry  off  privately  about  a  lath  part 
of  the  produce  of  the  ifland,  and  the  reft 
goes  to  France.  This  ifland,  called  Ma^ 
aanina  by  the  ancient  natives,  was  fet- 
tled by  the  French  in  16 ^5.  The  Brit- 
ifh  reduced  it  in  1762,  but  rcftored  it 
at  the  conclufion  of  peace  in  1763.  It 
was  again  taken  by  the  Britifli  in  1794, 

Martinico, /,/■«/<?.    Stt  Bekia. 

Martinsborouch,  a  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  fituated  on  the  S.  fide  of  Tar 
river,  and  ao  miles  above  Waftiinjgton. 

Martjnsburo,  apoft-townofVir- 

fjinia,  and  capital  of  Berkeley  county, 
ituated.  about  8  miles  fouth  of  the  Pa- 
tpwmac,  in  the  midfl  of  a  fertile  and 
well 'cultivated  country,  and  35  miles 
from  the  mineral  fprings  at  Bath.    It 
contains  upwards  of^  7*  noufes,  a  court- 
houfe,   gaol,  and  Fpifcopal   church  ; 
and  contiguous  to  the  town  is  one  for 
Prefbyterians;   It  is  jo  miles  from  Shep- 
herdftown,  30  from  Pittfylvania  court, 
houfe,  15  from  Rocky  Mount  or  Frank*' 
lin  court-houfc,  aa  N.  E.  of  WincheA. 
ter,  88  N-  N.  W.  of  Alexandria,  and- 
444  from  Philadelphia. 

MARTiNviLLB,apoft-town,andthe 
capital  of  Guilford  county,  in  N,  Caro- 
lina, is  agreeably  fituated  on  the  eaifb 
fide  of  BufFaloe  creek,  a  branch  of  Haw 
river,  and  contains  about  40  houfes,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  It  lies  N.  E.  of' 
Bell's  Mill,  at  the  head  of  Deep  river  $ ' 
48  miles  north-weil  of  Hill/borough  s 
a7  eafl  of  Salem ;  50  north-eafl  of  Salif- 
bury ;  15 1  weft  by  fouth  of  Halifax,  and 
5  CO  fouth-wcft  of  Philadelphia.  N.lat. 

36°  5',  W.  long.  79"*  43'. 

It  was  near  this  town,  that  General ' 
Greene  and  Lord  Comwallis  engaged 
in  one  of  the  beft  fought  actions  in  the  - 
late  war,  on,  the  15th  of  March,  1781 : 
and  although  the  Americans  were  drir-. 
en  off  the  lield,  the  Britifli  fu£Fered  fo 
great  lofs,  that  they  coukl  net  purfue 
the  viftory.   The  greateft  part  of  the 
country  in  which  the  a<Jtion  happened, 
was  a  wilder  Defs,  with  a  few  cleared 
fields  interfperled.    The  American  ar- 
my, when  the  action  commenced,  was 
polled  on  a  riling  ground  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Guilford  court-houfc. 

MARYLAND,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  Amcric.i>  lies  bct\Wen  lat.  37*. 

56' 


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MAR 

5^'0ml  .■?9«'44'TI.  and  between  7;''V 
mud  '}(f'*  j8'  W.  long.    It  is  about  134 
sniies  in  length,  and  no  in  brcatitii,  and 
conbiinn  14,000  fquaro  miles,  one-fo\irth 
of  which  is  watei.    It  is  bwundcd  N.  by 
PennMvania;   fi.  by  Delaware  Stute, 
and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  S.  and  W.  by 
Virginia:  and  is  divided  101019  coun- 
ties, II  of  which  are  on  the  U^tjiern  and 
8«ii  the  Eaflern  Ihore  <\f  Chcfapeak 
bay.    Thofc  on  the  lU'eJlern  Jhore  are 
Win  tford,  naltimore,  Ann  AruTOcl,  Fred- 
erick, Allefihaay,  Wadiington,  Mont^ 
gomery,     Prince    George,      Calvert, 
Cliarles,  and  St»  Mary's,  which  conLiin 
412,089  inhabitants:  thofc  on  the  £^- 
em  Jhore  are  Cecil,  Kent,  Queen  Ann, 
Caroline,  Talbot,  SDoacrfct,  Dorchefter, 
Hnd  Worceftcr;  containing  107,630  in- 
habitants.   The  whole  nunibcr  oi  inhab- 
itants in  the  State  being  319,722;  0/ 
whom  103,036  are  flavcs.    Each  of  the 
counties  lends  4  reprefcntatives  to  the 
houfe  of  delegates ;  bcfidcs  which  the 
qity  of  Annapolisy  the  metropolis,  and 
the  town  of  Baltimore  fend  two  each. 
The  chief  towns  of  the  State,  befides' 
tbefe  two,  ;ire  Gei")rc;ctown,  bordering 
on  the  city  of  Waihinp^uin  on  the,  river 
Eatowmac,  Fredericktown,  Hagarftown 
and.  EJkton.    The  city  of  Walhington, 
or  the  Federal  City;  was  ceded  by  the 
State  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  to  the 
Uoited  States,  and  by  them  ellabliflicd 
a$  the  feat  of  their  government,  after 
the  Tfcar  1800. 

Cnefapeak  bay,  which  divides  this 
State  into  eaftern  andweftern  divifions, 
i?  the  largeft  in  the  United  States, 
ft-ora.  the  eaftern  fhore  in  Maryland,; 
aoiojag  other  fraaller  ones,  it  receives 
Bokomokje,  Nanticoke,Choptank,  Ghei- 
terand  Elk  rivers..  Erom>thc  oortli, 
the  rapid  Sufquehannah ;  and  from  the 
wcfty  Patapfco,  Severn,  Patuxent  aria 
Katomak*  half  of  whicH  is  in  Maryland, 
and  half  in  Virginia.  Except  the  Suf* 
ouehanr^ah  and  Patoraak,  thefe.  are, 
iHiallriverfi. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  uniformly 
level  and:low  in  moftof  the  counties  on 
the  eaftern  Jhore,  and  confcquently  cov- 
eredj  in  many  places,  with  ftagnant  wa- 
ter, except  where  itis  interfedted  by  nu- 
merous creeks.  Here  alio  are  large 
tradfcs  of  marfli,  which,  during  the  day, 
loeadrthe  atmofphere  with  vapour,  chat 
fallkin  dcwj  in  the  clofe  of  the  fummer 
andfall  feafonS,  which  are  (ickly.  The 
fpnngp  and  luminer  are  tooi):  healthy. 


M  A  K 

Wheat  and  tobacco  are  th«  ftapl© 
commodities.  In  the  interior  country, 
on  the  uplands,  conGderabIc  quantities 
of  hemp  and  ilax  are.nufed. 

The  inhabitants,  except  in  the  popu- 
lous towns,  live  on  their  plantations,  oft- 
en  fcvcral  nwlcs  diftant  from  each  other. 
To  an  inhabitant  of  the  middle,  and  ef- 
pecially  of  the  eaftern  States,  which  are 
thickly  peopled,  they  appear  to  live  re. 
tired  and  unfodai  lives.  The  negroes, 
perforn)  all  the  manual  labour.  The  in- 
habitants of  the  populous  towns,  and 
tiiofe  from  the  country  who  have  inter- 
I  coiirfe  with  them,  are  in  their  manners 
land  cufloms  genteel  and  agreeable. 

The  inhabitants  are  made  up  of  vari- 
ous nations  of  many  different  religious 
fentiments  ;  few  general  obfervattons, 
therefore,  of  a  chara<fleriftical  kind,  will 
apply.  It  may  be  iaid,  however,  with 
great  trutli,  that  they  are  in  general^ 
v«ry  federal,  and  friends  to  good  gov- 
emraenti  They  owe  little  money  as  x 
State,  and  are  willtog  and  able  to  dif- 
charee  their  debts,  Their  credit  is  very 
good;  and  althougK  they  have  fo  great 
a  proportion  of  flaves,  yet.anumbwr  of 
iniluential  gentlemen  have  evinced  their 
hunoanity  and  their  difpolition  to  aboliih' 
fo  aiireputabic  a  traific,  by  forming 
titemfelves  intu  1  fbciety  for  the  abolu 
tion  of  negro  flavcry. 

The  trade  of  Maryland  is  principal. 
ly/Carried  on  from  Baltimore,  with  the 
other  States,  with  the  Weft-Indies,  and 
with  fome  parts  of  Europe.  To  thefe 
places  they  fend  annually  about  30,0001 
hoglheads  of  tobacco,  befides :  i  large 
qmujtitie;:  of  wheat,:  ilour,  pig-iron, 
lumber  and  corn — beans,  pork,  and  flax- 
Tded  in  fmaJJer  quantities  :  and  receive 
ifiieturn,.cfoarhing  for  themfelves  and 
negroes,  and  other  dry,  goods,  Avines, 
fpirits,  fugars,'  and  other  Weft^ndia 
commodities. .  The  balance  is  general- 
ly in  their  faVoftr. 
,  The  total  aiTtount  of  ex- 
erts from  Baltimore  .  in  neitan.  cts. 
1 790,  was        -        -         4)027,777  64 

Value  of  imports  for  thfe 

fame  year,      .-       -        i»945>899  5< 

.i;9I.,^  ..«l  J-..1  •u{«;*    «»239»69o  96 

'  l>9*'«/'.'»n,<  ..w>4>ti,..     4,623,808  33 

1793;  03»n  b*bi»il]*J>i  ■;  zMs^^SS  50 

1794  Tdi 4(1;  iwx'fenH.    5,686,190  50 

,  1795  f  ''">«  ,«ii"J*  ''  5»8ii.379  J.f 
i  ,In  the  yean  1791,  the  quantity  of 
wheat  exported. was  ao.9,,T7i  bulhels.— « 
Utiian  com  aoji,643.  da,--buck-wheat, 

4)i86 


^  A  R 

H,«86  do. — peas,  10,619  do.  bcfides 
iji,445  barrels  of  wheat  fluur,  4,jij 
do.  Indian  meal,  6,7 6x  do.  bread,  and 
3,104  kegs  of  crackeri. 

TJie  Roman  Catholics,  who  were  the 
firft  lettlers  in  Maryknd,  are  tijc  moll 
numerous  reltgiuus  ieift.  Bclides  thcle, 
there  are  Proteft.mt  EpifcopaJians,  Eng- 
lilh,  Scotch,  and  Iriih  Prcfbyterians, 
German  Calvinifts,  Cermjn  Lutherans, 
Friends,  Baptifts,  Methodifts,  Mennon- 
ilts,  Nicohtcs  or  new  Quakers ;  who 
all  enjoy  liberty  of  conlcicncc.  'I  he 
Icniinaries  of  learning  are  as  follows : 
Wajhington  Academy^  in  Sonierfet  coun- 
ty, which  was  inttituted  by  law  in  17  79. 
Wajhiugton  ColUgTi  infticuted  at  thei- 
tertown,  in  Kent  county,  in  178a.  By 
a  law  enadled  in  1787,  2  permanent 
fund  was  granted  to  this  inltitution  of 
1250I.  a  year,  currency*  SL  John*j 
College  was  inttituted  in  178/I,  to  which 
a  permanent  fund  is  aiFigncd,  of  1750I. 
a  year.  This  college  is  to  be  at  Annap- 
(ills,  where  a  building  is  now  prepared 
tor  itk  Very  liberal  fubfcriptions  were 
obtained  towards  founding  and  car- 
rying on  thcfe  femnxirics.  The  two 
colleges  conftitute  one  univeriity,  by 
the  name  of  •  the  Univerfity  of  Mary- 
land,' whereof  tlie  governor  of  the 
State,  tor  the  time  being,  is  chancellor, 
and  the  principal  of  one  of  them,  vice- 
chancellor*  The  Roman  Catholics  have 
alio  eredlcd  a  college  at  Georgetown, 
on  Patowmac  river,  for  the  promotion  of 
general  literature.  In  i785ytho  Meth- 
t)difts  inttituted  a  college  at  Abington, 
in  Harford  county,  by  the  name  of 
Cokefbury  college. 

The  legiflature  of  this  State  is  com- 
pofed  of  two  diftinifl  branches,  a  Senate 
and  Houfe  of  Delegates,  and  ftyled.  The 
General  Affembly  of  Maryland.  On 
tlie  fecond  Monday  in  November,  annu- 
ally, a  governor  is  appointed  by  the  joint 
ballot  of  both  houies.  The  governor 
cannot  continue  in  office  longer  than 
three  years  fuccelfively. 

Maryland  was  granted  by  king 
diaries  I.  to  George  Calvert,,  baron  of 
Baltimore,  in  Ireland,  June  ao,  1633. 
The  government  of  the  province  was  by 
charter,  vetted  in  the  proprietary.  In 
the  year  ;6}J9,the  government  was  tak- 
en out  of  the  hands  of  lord  Baltimore, 
by  the  grand  convention  of  England  ; 
and  in  1694,  Mr.  Copely  was  appointed 
governor,  by  comnufBon  fronti  William 
i«4  M»ry.    Jj}  i692>  the  fr^uAftnt  re- 


Jifrion  was  eftablifbed  by  law.  fn  l^id^ 
the  government  of  this  province  was  re- 
ftored  to  the  proprietary,  and  continued 
in  his  hands,  -jll  the  late  revolution^ 
when,  though  a  minor,  his  property  in 
the  lands  w;i3  contil'cated,  and  the  govw 
crnmcnt  a/Tunjcd  by  tho  freemen  ofthe 
province,  who,  in  1776,  formed  the 
conttitution  nowexifting.  Attheclofe 
of  the  war,  Henry  Harford,  Efq.  the 
natural  fon  and  heir  of  Lord  Baltimore, 
petitioned  the  legiflature  of  Maryland^ 
for  hi",  cftate  ;  but  his  petition  was  not 
granted.  Mr.  Harford  ettiroated  his 
lol's  of  qnit-rents,  valued  at  twenty 
years  purchale,  and  including  arrears,  at 
i'a59,488  :  ;  :  0,  dollars  at  j/?) — and 
the  value  of  his  manors  and  referved 
lands,  at  /I3a7,i|4r,  ofthe  iiime  money. 

Maryland  Point,  isfbimcd  bv  a 
bend  in  Patowmac  river,  W.  of  Port  'Vo^ 
bacco. 

Mary,  Si.  a  port  on  the  'fouth  fid« 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

Mary,  Cups  St.  is  the  moft  fouth- 
em  promoiifory  of  Brazil,  in  South- 
America, 

Mary,  Cape  5/.  the  point  of  land 
\»hich  forms  the  northern  fide  of  tha 
niouth  of  La  Plata  river  in  Paraguay  of 
La  Plata,  in  South-America.  S.  lat.  jj* 
J4',  W.  long.  55"  34'. 

Mart,  Cape  St.  forms  the  fouth- 
eaftern  head  .' ind  at  the  niouth  of  Pla« 
centia  Bay,  X :  wfoundland  Ifland. 

Mary's  KivfcR,  5/.  a  branch  of  the 
Miami,  which  empties  into  Lake  Erie. 
See  Girtft  Toivn. 

Mary's  River,  St.  forms  a  part 
of  the  fouthern  boundary  line  of  thff 
United  States.  It  in  part  divides  Geor* 
gia  from  Eaft -Florida,  and  is  very  crook- 
ed, with  a  wide  open  marfli  on  eich  fidej 
from  its  moul!h  upwards  30  miles, 
where  the  marfh  is  terminated  by  thick 
woods.  It  is  nearly  ftraight  for  30  miles' 
farther,  up  to  Allcn^s,  an  Indian  trader 
at  the  head  of  navigation ;  where  it  is 
like  a  dead  creek,  4  fathoms  deep,  andl 
lo  rods  wide.  It  rifes  in  the  grent 
Okafonoka  or  Ekanfanoga  fwamp» 
which  extends  fouthwardly  into  Eaft- 
Florida.  It  is  thought  to  be  what'  is 
called  May  river,  dil'covered  by  Joha 
Ribalt,  in  1562.  Between  tins,  and~ 
NafTau  river,  lies  tlie  low  even  coafl  of 
Amelia  Ifland.  The  harbours  of  both* 
rivers  are  ipacious,  but  St.  Mary's  is  th* 
fafeft.  It  has  9  feet  of  water  at  lov/ 
fpring  tid«:s.   It  runs  9^  cburfe  of  i^o' 

sules. 


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MAS 

tniHes,  find  enters  the  ocean  between  the 
^ints  of  Amelia  and  Talbert's  iflands, 
tn  lai.  30*  44'  and  is  navigable  for  yef- 
iels  of  confiderable  burden  for  90  nules. 
its  banks  afford,  immenfe  qua/ttities 
of  fine  timber)  fuited  to  the  Weft. 
India  market;  Along  this  river,  every 
4  or  ,f  miles,,  are  bluiFs  convenient  for 
vefTcls  to  ham  to  and  load; 
.  Mary's,  Sti  a  poft-towp  and  port 
of  entry  of  Georgia,  fituated  on  St.  Ma- 
ry's riverj  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  a  fmall  place,  and  has  little  trade. 
It  is  129  miles  fuuth  of  Savannah;    N. 


iat.  3o»  as'* 


W.  long.  79®  !»'» 


Mary'S)  Hfi  a  county  of  Maryland 
on  the  penihiula  between  Patowmac 
and  Patuxent )ivers, 39  miles  in  length, 
and  15  in  breadth:  It  contaitis  i<.544 
inhabitants ;  of  whom  6,985  are  flaves. 

KiAsboMXj  a  confiderable  pond  in 
We^V-Hampfhirei  in  the  fouth-weftem 
part  of  Grafton  county}  lyine  pardy  in 
Lebanon  and  partly  m  Enfield  town- 
ships. This  pond  is  from  30  to  40  fath- 
wtts  deeji.  The  furrounding  land  bears 
evident  marks,  that  the  furface  of  this 
^fid  Was  once  30  or  40  feet  higher  than 
Its  prdent  Ifeteh  By  what  Caufc  the  al- 
teration was  made,  and  at  what  iime,  is 
vnkhoAvn ;  but  appearances  indicate  a 
fudden  rupture,  there  being  no  fign  of 
any  margin  between  its  iormer  and 
^rcfcnt  height.  About  a  mile  diftanfe 
frcMn  its  oudet,  there  is  a  declivity  of 
rocks,  40  feet  higher  than  the  ftream, 
as  it  now  runs.  By  the  (itiution  of 
thefe  rocks,  it  appears  that  they  were 
once  a  fall,  over  which  the  water  flow- 
«d ;  but  it  has  now  made  for  iu'elf  a 
very  deep  channel,  through  folid  earth, 
aearly  a  mile  in  length,  where  it  feems 
confined  for  futurity. 
^  MAscAt;TEN8,  an  Indian  nation  who 
inhabit  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  between 
that  and  the  Miffifippi*  The  numbei 
of  warriors,  400. 

M A  s  H  B  B  T.    See  Hancock' t  River. 

Mason,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  on 
the  fouthern  fide  of  Ohio  river.  It  con- 
tains a,z67  inhabitants,  of  whom  ao8 
ftre  flav«s< 

Mason,  a  townfiiip  in  Hillfljorough 
county,  New-Hanipfliire,  on  the  Maffa- 
chufetts  line,  about  70  miles  weft  of 
Portfmouth,  and  50  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1768,  and  con- 
tains  932  inhabiunts. 

Masciub  PocoNA,  a  jurifdiftion  of 
Chvcas,  in  Pern,  extending  aborc  •?o 


&!  AS 

leagues.  Its  air  is  hot,  but  not  too  ^esl 
for  vines;  The  city  of  the  fame  name, 
where  the  bifliop  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Sierra  refides,  is  very  thinly  inhabited ; 
b^t  there  are  in  other  parts  of  the  jurif- 
diAion,  feveral  populous  towns.  It  pro- 
duces all  kinds  of  grain  and  fruits ;  hon- 
ey and  wax  conllitute  a  principal  part 
of  its  trade; 

Masques  j  Hr  Chilqtiet  and  Mafquesi 
a  jurifdiftion  of  Cafco,  in  Peru,  which 
begins,  about  7  or  8  leagues  from  Cafco^ 
extending  about  30  in  length.  See  Ckil- 
ques. 

Mas  SAC)  a  fort  built  by  the  French^ 
on  the  nonh-weftern  lide  of  the  Ohio, 
about  II  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Ten- 
nelTee  river.  Its  remains  ftand  on  1 
high  bank^  in  a  healthy  agreeable  fitu- 
ation; 

MASS  ACHlJsfeTTS.  Proper,  (which 
with  the  Diftrift  of  Maine  conftitutes) 
one  of  the  United  States  of  America,  is 
fjtuated  between  lat.  41"  13'  and  43°  51' 
north,  and  between  long.  69**  57'  and 
73*  0*^  weft;  its  greateft  length  is  190 
miles,  its  greateft  breadth  90  miles ;  and 
is  bounded  north  by  Vermont  and  New- 
Hamrlhire,  eaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
foutii  by  the  Atlantic,  Rhode-Iflantl  and 
Connefticitj  weft  by  NeW-York.  Maf- 
fachufetts  Is  divided  into  the  following 
counties,  whofe  polls,  proportion  of  the 
public  tax  of  jCitOob,  and  number  oi;' 
lenators  in  1793  were  as  follows : 


Ontbt  tbou/and.  Senat. 


foils.        tountUii 

5744      Suffolk 

6i4>       Norfolk 
ia37<i      EiTct 
XOI09I     Middleic: 
Z39i»      Hampfliire 
1376a      Worccftcr 

6911      Plymouth 

3759      BamAable 
763      Duke's  county 

iiat       &  Nantucket 

6547       Briftol 

6265      Berkfliirc 

6484       York 

57  23      Cumberland 

6349       Lincoln 

1967  Hancock 
495  Walhirigton 
The  5  counties  of  the  DiHrift  of  Maifte, 
included  in  the  above,  belong  to  MalTa- 
chufetts.  The  town  of  Bofton  is  rated 
at  3,631  poUs,  and  is  to  pay;^'9i !  16 :  8i 
on  the  jC  1000.  From  the  above  fched- 
ule,  fome  opinion  may  be  for.ied  of 
the  fuppofed  value  of  the  rateable  eftatcs 
in  each  cwunly.  A  conwfiittee  oi  the 
.^  general 


£•93  :  14  :  9i 

68:17:3 

133 •19 =7 

104  :  13  :  4^ 

JII:l8:c| 

la/i  5:0} 

59-   9:9* 
ao: 15: III 

6:13 

53:19 
5a:  3 
50:  1 
43  s  6 
50- 13: 10^ 

13: 17:11 
3:    1:1  J 


8 

:6; 
=  3; 

9 

Si 


4 
3 
5 

4 
5 
5 

]' 

i 
a 

a 
a 

% 


MAS 


MAS 


general  court  reported  tlie  abor     in 
June,  1793  ;  which  report  was  re'     .ed 
to  their  nex:  feffion.    The  population 
^mounts  to  378,787  fouls,  about  60  for 
cvei7  fquare  mile.    This  is  the  only 
State  in  the  Union  in  which  there  are  no 
flaves.    Slavery  was  aboliflied  by  the 
Icgiflature  fome  years  ago.    The  welt- 
em  part  of  this  State  is  luniewhat  moun- 
tainous aad  hilly.    See  Neiu-Englandi 
Wachufett  mountain,   in  Princetown, 
"VVorceftcr  county,  is  2989  feet  above 
tlie  level  of  tlie  fea>  and  may  be  feen  67 
miles.   In  Maffachufetts  are  to  be  found 
all  tlie  varieues  of  foil,  from  very  good 
to  very  bad,  capable  of  yielding  all  the 
different  produdions  common  to  the 
climate,  fuch  as  Indian  corn,rye,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  hemp,  flax,  hops,  potatoes, 
field-beans   and   peas,    apples,  pears, 
peaches,  plums,  cherries,  &c.     That 
part  of  the  State  which  is  diftinguiibed 
by  the  name  of  the  Old  or  Plymouth  Colo- 
ny, xnc\\xdm^\!at  counties  of  Barnftable, 
Duke's,  Nantucket,  Briftol  and  Plym- 
outh, in  point  of  foil,  is  the  pooreft 
part  of  the  State,  being  generally  fandy 
jind  light,  intcrfperfea,  however,  with 
many  excellent  trads  of  land.    The 
northc.-n,  middle,  and  weftern  p-.rts  of 
the  State  have,  generally  fpeaking,  a 
,ftrong,  good  foil,  adapted  to  grazing 
and  grain  ;   very  fimilar  to  the  foil  of 
New-Hampfhire  and  Vermont  on  one 
fide,  and  to  that  of  Rhode-lfland  and 
Connedticut  on  the  other.    It  has  been 
obferved  that  the  effedts  of  the  call 
wnds  extend  farther  inland  than  for- 
merly, and  injure  the  tender  fruits,  par- 
ticularly the  peach,  and  even  the  mpre 
hardy  apple*    The  average  produce  ©f 
the  good  lands,  well  cultivated,  has  been 
eftimated  as  follows  :  40  bufhels  of  corn 
on  an  acre,  30  ^f  barley,  ao  of  wheat, 
30  of  rye,  100  of  poiaoes.     The  itaple 
commodities  of  tliis  State  are  liili,  beef, 
lumber,  &c. 

The  country  is  well  watered  by  a 
number  of  fmall  rivers,  fome  of  whiqh 
fall  into  Connedicut  river,  which  pafles 
•  foutherly  through  the  weft  part  of  the 
St;;ite ;  others  run  northward  to  Merri- 
tnack  river,  which  enters  from  New- 
Hampfhire  and  waters  the  north-eaft 
corner  of  the  State ;  others  pafs  into  Con- 
nedticut  and  Rhode-lfland ;  Myftick  aad 
Charles  rivers  fall  into  Bofton  bay  ;  oi'i- 
ers  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocer.n  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  Iw»-coaft.  The  c'  tief 
capes  sire  Ann,  Cod,. Malabar,  Pogc, 
A  A 


Gay  Ifead,  &c.  The  moft  noted  bays 
are  MidTachufetts,  Ipfwich,  Bofton, 
Plymouth,  Barnltable,  and  Buzzard's. 
Hiere  are  many  other  bays  of  lefs  note; 
The  chief  iflanda  are  Pli'mb-I(land,Nan. 
tucket,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Elizabeth- 
Iflands,  and  numerous  imall  ifles  in  Bof- 
^on  Bay. 

The  chief  iron  manufadures  in  this, 
Stf;te  are  defcribed  in  the  account  of 
Plymouth  and  Briltol  counties,  and  their 
tcwns  T'-^untonj  Bridgcwater,  Middle- 
borough,  &c.  where  nails  liave  been 
made  \a  fuch  quantities  as  to  prevent,  in 
a  jifreat  mcafure,  the  importation  of  theni 
from  Great-Britain.    Nail-making  was 
not  an  objed  of  confkierabic  attention, 
until  the  general  court  laid  a  duty  on 
irapoi  ted  nails  of  every  fizc.   This  foon 
"  gave  n»irves  to  the  aim,  and  motion  to 
the  hammer  5  and  from  400  to  500  nails 
indifferently  made  by  o«e  hand  in  one 
day,  loco  are  now  well  made  in  the 
fame  time."    The  machine  invented  by 
Caleb  Leaqh,  of  Plymouth,  will  cut  anjd 
head  5,000  nails  in  a  day,  under  the 
diredion  of  a  youth    of^  either   fcx. 
There  is  a  machine  for  cutting  nails 
at  Newbury-Por  t,  invented  by  Mr.  Ja- 
cob Perkins,  which  will  turn  out  /iu# 
hundred  thoufand  nsSls  in  a  day.    The 
nails  are  faid  to  have  a  decided  fuperi- 
ority  over  thufe  of  Englifh  manufadure, 
and  are    fold  ao  per  cent*  cheaper. 
There  are  duck  manufadories  at  Bofton^ 
Salem,  Ilaverhilland  Springfield,  which 
are  in  a  promifing  way.    Manufadories 
of  cotton  and  woollen  have  been  at- 
tempted with  various  fuccefs  at  Beverly, 
Worcefler,     Bofton     and    Newbury. 
There  are  in  this  State  upwards  of  ao 
paper-n-iills,   which   make  more  than 
70,000  reams  of  writing,  ranting  and 
wrapping  paper,  annually.    It  was  ef- 
timated in  1792,  that;Cao,ooo  worth  of 
paper  v/as  yearly  made  by  thefe  mills. 
The  otlier  manufadories  for  cotton  and 
wool  cards,  playing  cards,  fiioes,  Jaca, 
wire,  &c.  ate  noticed  under  thedefcrip- 
tion  of  Bafton,  Lynn,  Ipfwich,  Ded- 
ham,  &iC.    There  are  feverai  fiuiff,  oil, 
chocolate  and  powder  mills  in  different 
parts  of  the  State,  ai\d  a  number  of  iron- 
works and  flitting-mills,  bcfides  other 
mills,  in  common  ufe  for  fawing  lumber, 
grinding  grain,  and  fiJling  doth.  Thcfe 
were  in  1 792,  62  diililieries  in  this  State, 
employed  m  difliliing  from  foreign  ma- 
terials.     One  million,  nine   hundred 
thoufand  gallons  l.^vs  been  diitilled  in 

one 


!i 


i  \ 


■  ■ji 


M  A  S 


MAS 


..!?.    ,,i, 


•ne  year,  v  Inch,  at  a  duty  of  ii  cents  a 
gallon,  yields  a  revenue  to  the  govern- 
ment of  209,000  dollars.  There  are  in- 
deed few  articles  which  are  eirentially 
neceflary,  and  miniller  to  the  comfort 
•and  convenience  of  life,  that  are  not 
nianufa<ftured  in  this  State.  This  Com- 
inonwealth  is  remarkable  for  its  litera- 
ry, humane  and  other  focieties,  which 
are  noticed  in  their  proper  places. 

The  militia  of  Mafliichufetts  is  com- 
polid  of  all  the  able  bodied  white  male 
citi7ens  from  18  to  45  years  age,  except- 
ing from  the  enrollTnent,  within  thefe 
agtf!,clergy,fchool-nialters,civilofiicer3 
of  importance,  either  under  the  State  or 
federal  government,  and  alfo  thofe  who 
have  held  any  military  commiflion  what- 
ever. The  whols  i*  formed  into  rodi- 
vilions,  and  ai  bri^^adc?,  and  confifts  of 
f^i  regiments  of  infantry;  48- troops, 
corapofing  Tzfquadron?or  battalions  of 
cavalry,  and  36  companies  of  artilfery, 
generally  two  to  each  brigade.  Tlvcle, 
together,  compofe  a  body  of  about 
50,000  infant' ',  2,000  cavalry,  and 
1,500  artiHery  ,  the  latter  are  furnifhed 
with  60  field-pieces,  and  with  tumbrils 
and  apparatus  complete.  This  State, 
including  the  DillritSt  of  Rtsiine,  own^ 
more  than  3  times  as  many  tons  of  fhiji- 
ping  as  any  other  of  the  States,  and 
more  than  one  third  part  of  the  whole 
that  belongs  to  the  United  Statfcs..  Up- 
wards of  29,000  tons  are  employed  in 
carrying  on  the  fiilieries ;  46,000  in  the 
coafting  bu(inafs,  and  96,564  in  trading 
with  almolt  all  parts  of  th(e  woild.  Pot 
and  pearl  aihesy  ftaves,  flax-feed,  btxs 
wax,  &c.  are  carried  chieiiy  to  Great- 
Britain,  in  remittance  for  ilieir  manufac- 
tures ;  mails,  provifions,  Sic.  to  the 
Eaft-lndies  ;  fi[h,oil',  beef,  pork,JumbL'r, 
candles,  &o.  are  carried  to  the  WciMn- 
dits  for  their  produce,  ..rid  the  two  Hrft 
articles,,  fifli  and  oil,  to  France,  Spain,  5f 
Portugal ;  roots,  \egetabies,  fruits,  and 
linall  meats,  to  Nova-Scotia  and  New- 
Brunlwick ;  hats,  faddlcry,  cabinct- 
"work,  men's  and  women's  flioes,  nails, 
tow-cloth,  barley,  hops,  butter,  clieefe, 
&■ .  to  the  fouthcrn  States.  The  value 
of  exports  in  the  year  ending  Sept.  50, 
1791,  was  a,445j975  dollars  5^  cents — 
in  1794,  a,8X9,9z»  dollars — in  1793, 
3,676,41*  dollars,  and  in  1794 — 5^.180, 
703  dollars.  For  an  account  of  the  cli- 
mate, &c.fce  New-England.  The  chief 
towns  of  this  Slate,  belides  Bott^on,  the 
meU'opolis»  iirc  bidein^  Ne\vt)uiry-l>urt, 


Charlertown,  Worcefter,  r '  orthampfori> 
Springfield,  &c. 

Massachusetts,  Forfy  /lands  oa 
the  north-weftern  corner  of  the  State  of 
its  name,  in  N.  lat.  4z">  41'  30";  19 
miles  N.  E.by  N.  of  Pittsfield,  and  20 
due  E.  of  Lanfingbuigh  city,  in  New- 
York  State. 

Massachusetts  Sortnci,  on  th  e  N. 
W.  coaft  of  North' America,  is  fituated 
on  the  fouthern  fide  of  tlie  Quadras 
rfles,  and  leads  from  the  W.  into  Noot- 
ka  Sound  along  theN.fidc  of  Kendrick's 
Ifland',  Avhofe  eallern  fide  forms,  with 
Point  Bieakfaft,  the  mouth  of  Nootka 
Sound. 

Massacre  Rhrr  pnflfes  out  of  the 
Straits  of  Magellan  S.  W.  into  the  fup- 
pofed  channel  of  St.  H;irb:ira,  which 
cuts  through  the  i(land  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  through  whidi,  we  are  informed, 
Capt.  Mareanille  of  Marfeilles  pafll'd  ? 
r7r,i  into  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 

Massacre  River,  on  the  N.  fide  o? 
the  Ifland  of  St.  Doming,  faHs  into  the 
bay  of  MiWci^nilla  ;  whicli  fee. 

Massacre,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Weft-Florida,  2  miles  to  the 
eaftward  of  Horn  Ifland  ;  10  miles 
from  the  main  lind>  all  the  way  acrofs 
there  is  from  a  to  3  fathoms ;  except 
the  fltoal  called  La  Grand  Bature,  wl\iclv 
ftretches  a  league  from  the  main  land* 
with  -i  or  3  feet  \\»ater  on  it,  and  in  fome 
places  not  fo  mvch.  Behind  it  is  a 
large  bay  called  L'Ance  dc  la  Grand  Ba- 
ture, 8  miles  E.  of  Pafcagoub  bluff, 
'•■ee  Dmiphin  Ijlcnid. 

Massafueho,  an  ifland  in  the  vS, 
Pacific  Ocean,,  callud  by  the  Spaniards 
the  Leflcr  Juan  Fernandes,  22  leagues 
W.  by  S.  of  the  Greater  Juiin  Fernan- 
des. It  has  always  Ixien-  reprelented  l^ 
the  Spaniards  as  a  barren  rock,  withodt 
wood,  water  or  proviiions.  But  Lord 
Anfon  fi)Hnd  this  to  be  a  political  fiilfity, 
aflt;rted  to  prevent  liollile  vcfiels  front 
tmching  there.  Tll^ercris  anchorage  on 
the  N.  tilde  in  deep  water,  where  a  fi.1- 
gle  fiiip  may  be  Iheltered  clofe  under 
the  Ihore,  I -it  is  expofed  to  al!  winds 
except  the  ibuth.  According  to  Cajit. 
Magce  of  the  fliip  J':flFerlbn,  it!  is  3a' 
leagues  to  the  wellward  of  Jiian  Fer- 
nandes, and  in  about  33°  30'  S.  lit.  and 
81°  W.  long,  from  Greenwich. 

Massanutf.n's  River t  a  weftem 
branch  of  the  Shenandoah. 

Massfoa^  Bay,  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Qcean,  and  W.  coall  of  Mexu  ^    is  lio 


MAT 

loatcd  between  Acapulco  and  Aquacara, 
a  port  near  the  cape  of  California,  where 
Sir  Thom.'is  Cavendifli  lay  after  he  had 
pafled  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 
^  Maskv's-  Town,  in  the  N.W.  Ter- 
ritory, ftands  on  the  nortJiern  bank  of 
Ohio  river,  beuveen  the  rivers  Little 
Miami  and  .Sxiiota. 

Massv's  Cross  Roars,  in  Kent 
county,  Maryland,  is  N.  E.  of  New 
Market,  S.  E.  of  George-Town,  and  S. 
by  W.  ot  SaHafi:as-Town,  a  little  more 
than  5  miki  from  e;ich. 

Mast  JS<r>',  on  the  no«h  fide  of  tlie 
iOand  of  Jamaica,  in  tlie  N.  W.  part. 
It  is  eallward  of  Montego  Bay,  and 
near  the  fhclf  of  rocks  that  lies  from  the 
(hore,  called  Catlin's  Cliffs. 

Ma  STICK  Gut,  on  the  S.  W.  fide 
of  ihe  idand  of  St.  Chriftopher's  in  the 
W.  Indies,  is  between  Moline's  Gut  on 
the  N.  W.  ajid  Godwin's  Gut  on  the 
fuutli-eail. 

Masticon^  ajiver  which  runs  weft- 
ward  into  lake  Michigan  about  1 1  miks 
north  of  La  Grande  Riviere.  It  is  ijo 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 

Mat  A,  foJ/ji,  on  tlie  northern  fide 
of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  and  9  leagues  N. 
W.  of  CapeMaify. 

Mat  AC  A,  or  Mantaca,  is  a  commo- 
dious bay  on  the  N.  coaft  of  the  ifland ; 
of  Cuba,  \vjiere  the  galleons  ufually 
come  to  take  in  frefli  water  on  their  re- 
turn to  Spain,  about  la  leagues  from  the 
Havannalj.  It  appears  to  be  the  fame 
as  Mptanze,  in  lat.  23°  la'  N.  long.  81° 
16'  V.'.  Peter  Heyn  took  a  great  part  of 
a  r-.h  3c.t.t  of  Spanilh  galleons  liere  in 

■/i  ".MA,  a  province  of  S.  America, 
t(  .:  ■:,■  U;  river  Amazon,  between  the 
lijuui^  of  ..iideira  and  Tapaifi  rivers. 

Ma-,  /..»•<- '.,  or  Manaficej,  a  Ihort  and 
broad  river  of  E.  Florida  which  falls  in- 
to the  ocean  fouth  of  St.  Auguftine- 

MATANCHEL,a  fea-port  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  New  Mexico,  about  so  leagues 
to  the  N.  E.  of  the  rocks  of  Pontecjue, 
pvcr  which,  in  clear  weather,  may  be 
fecn  a  very  high  hill,  with  a  break  on 
the  top,  called  the  hill  of  Xalifco,  and 
nay  be  feen  8  or  -^  leagues  from  the  port. 

Matane,  a  river  of  Canada,  in  N. 
.'  nerira^  the  mouth  of  which  is  capa- 
^H'  of  ddmiiting  veflels  of  aoo  tons  bur- 
tjen.  ^  All  this  coaft,  tjfpecially  near 
this  river,  for  ao  leagues,  abounds  in  cod, 

Shich  might  employ  500  fliallops  or 
hing  fnucks  at  a  time.    The  m\  is 


M  AT 

ver^'  fire,  and  fit  for  exportation  to  t"he 
Straits,  Spain,  and  the  Levant.  Great 
numbers  of  whales  have  been  alfo  feea 
floating  upon  the  water,  which  may  be 
ftruck  with  a  harpoon,  and  prove  a  ve- 
ry valuable  filhery^ 

MATANZAS,or Matance,  a  la'^e bay 
on  the  nortli  fide  of  the  illand  of  Cuba, 
14  leagues  fouth- eaft  of  the  Havannah, 
but  fonie  accounts  fa y  ao  leagues.  From 
Cape  Quibanico  to  tliis  bay  the  coaft  is 
weft-noi  th-wefb 

Mat  A  VI A  Bay,  or  Port  Royal  Bay, 
islituated  wuhin  Point  Venus  near  the 
north  part  of  the  ifland  of  Otaheitc,  but 
open  to  tlie  north-weft,  and  in  the  foutU 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  eaft  fide  of  the  bay 
has  good  anchornge  in  14  and  16  fatli- 
oms.  S,  lat.  17"  29%  W.  long.  149" 
30',  and  tlie  variation  of  tlie  compafs  3" 
34'  eaft. 

Matchadock  J?m',  in  the  eaftern- 
moft  part  of  Lake  Jrlmoa. 

Math  AN  ON  Port,  in  tlie  fouth-eafi: 
part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  is  one  of 
thole  ports  on  tliat  coalt  which  afford 
good  anchorage  for  lliips,  but  without 
any  ul'e  foj-  want  of  tliem.  It  is  between 
Cape  Cruz  and  Cape  Maizi,  at  ^he  eaft 
end  of  ihe  illand. 

Matjieo  Rher,  in  E.  Florida,  or 
St.  John's  ;  which  fee. 

MATHhWs,  /•«•/,  ftands  on  theeaft- 
ern  fide  of  Oconee  river,  in  the  3.  weft- 
em  part  of  Franklin  county,  Georgia. 

Mathews,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  W.  by  Glouccfter,  from  which 
it  was  taken  fince  1 790  ;  lying  on  the 
W.  ihore  of  the  bay  of  Chelapeak.  It  ic 
about  18  milts  in  length  and  6  in  breadth. 

Matic  Ai,oc  /i/irr,  on  the  W.  coaft 
of  New  Mexico,  is  7  leagues  from  Ca- 
talia  Strand,  or  the  port  of  Sanlbnate. 
It  is  much  exiiofed  to  northerly  winds, 
arwi  is  known  by  fome  fniall  out  high 
hills  that  are  oppolite  to  it.  There  is 
another  large  livorto  the  weftward  of 
it,  about  4  Icaguos,  which  has  a  fath- 
oms upon  the  bar ;  and  from  thence  to 
the  barof  Eftapa  it  is  15  leagues. 

Matilda,  a  village  of  Virginia  fitu- 
ated  on  the  foutli-wclt  bank  of  Patow- 
mac  river,  above  Wafliington  city,  and 
near  the  Great  Falls. 

Matinicus  Ijlands,  on  the  coaft  of 
Maine.  When  you  pais  to  the  weft  of 
thefe  iflands,  the  main  paflage  from  the 
fca  to  Penobfcot  Bay  lies  about  north  bv 
wort:.  Matinicus  lies  north  lat.  43"  56'* 
weft  long.  68'' ao'. 

Matta 


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1 

Illy 

M  A  U 

■  Matt  A  de  Brazit  ,  a  toun  in  the 
captainlliip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Brazil ; 
about  9  leagues  from  Olinda.    It  is  v^ry 

{)opulous ;  and  quantities  of  Brazil  uic 
ent  from  this  country  to  Europe. 

Mattaponv,  a  navigable  river  of 
Virginia,  which  rifes  in  Spottfylvania 
county,  and  runring  a  S.  E.  coude,  joins 
Pamunky  river,  below  the  town  of  De 
la  War,  and  together  form  York  river. 
This  rivtr  will  admit  loaded  floats  to 
Downer's  bridge,  70  miles  above  its 
mouth. 

Mattes,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  South- 
America,  in  the  fouth  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  in  lat.  45°  5'  fouth,  and  long.  64"  2j' 
weft. 

Matt  HBO  Ijar^,  Sf.  or  J/.  J»f<?/- 
f-env^s  Ijlaiid^  in  th  '  '  'lantic  Ocean. 
y.  lat.  1°  24'. 

Matthew's  /?.7y,  Si  le  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  on  theW.ihoreoi  campeachy 
Gulf,  IS  more  than  100  leagues  to  the 
N.  of  Tumbcz. 

M  A  t  i'  1 1 E  vv  5 ,  ,S/.  or  Mattheo  Bay ,  on 
the  coatl  ot  Peru,  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  6  k.igues  to  the  N.  E.  by  E. 
Jrom  Point  Galera,  and  5  or  6  leagues 
S.  S,  W.  from  the  river  St.  J  ago,  be- 
tween which  there  is  anchorage  all  the 
way»  if  fliips  keep  at  leaft  in  6  fathoms 
water.  It  is  all  high  land  with  hollow 
red  crags,  and  fcveral  points  run  put, 
forming  good  retreats  for  (hips  driven 
in  by  hard  fquall".  and  flaws  from  the 
hills,andbythc  fcas  running  high, which 
often  happen. 

Maugervm.lp,  a  townfhip  in  Sun- 
bury  county,  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wicK,  lituated  on  St.  John's  river,  oppo- 
fite  St.  Anncs,  and  30  miles  above  Bcl- 
iile. 

Maura.    See  Society  IJlands. 

Maurei'as,  an  ifland  en  the  norlh- 
caft  coaft  of  Lake  Superior,  and  iiorth- 
cail  of  Ponchartrain  ifiand. 

Maorepas,  a  lake  in  W.  Florida, 
whicli  communicates  weftwaid  with 
MiflTifippi  river,  through  the  Gut  of  lb- 
berville,  and  ealhvard  with  L;J;c  Pon- 
chartrain. It  is  10  miles  long,  7  broad, 
and  has  10  or  iz  feet  water  in  it.  The 
country  round  it  is  low,  and  covered 
with  cyprefs,  live-oak,  myrtle,  8cc. 
Two  creeks  fall  into  this  lake,  one  from 
the  north  fid*',  called  Nattabanie,  the 
other  from  the  peninfula  of  Orleans. 
From  the  Ibberville  at  its  jundion  with 
Maurepas  to  the  river  Amit  is  .•»9  miles, 
»q4  &om  thence,  following  the  Ibbcr- 


MAY 

ville,  to  the  Miflifippi  at  th?  W .  fide  of 
the  peninliila  of  Orleans,  «i  miles. 
From  the  Ibberville  acrofs  the  lake,  it  is 
7  miles  to  the  paffage  leading  to  Pon- 
chartrain. The  length  of  this  paffase 
is  7  miles,  and  only  3&0  yards  in  width, 
which  is  divided  into  two  branches  by 
an  ifland  that  extends  from  Maurepat 
to  about  the  diftance  of  a  mile  from 
Ponchartrain.  The  fouth  channel  is 
the  deepefl  and  fliorteft.  The  paflage 
thence  through  Lake  Ponchartrain,  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  above  50  miles. 

Maurepas  IJlandy  on  the  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton,  the  fame  as  the  IJle  Mad- 
ame ;  which  fee. 

MAURict  5ay,  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Cape  Farewell  Ifland,  or  S.  extremity 
of  E.  Greenland,  and  the  principal  har- 
bour of  that  fea. 

Maurice,  Port^  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego  Ifland,  is  on  the  W. 
fliore  of  Le  Maire  Straits,  between  that 
ifland  and  Staten  Land  on  the  E.  and 
N.  of  the  bay  of  Good  Succefs.  It  is 
a  fmall  cove,  having  anchorage  before 
it  in  \x\  fathoms,  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  fhore,  over  coral  rocks. 

Maurice  River,  the  name  of  a  place 
in  Cumberland  county,  New-Jerfey. 

Mauricii  Rivery  in  fome  maps  called 
corruptly  Morrist  rifes  in  Glouceftcr 
county,  N(!W-Jerley,  and  runs  fouth- 
wardly  about  40  miles,  and  empties  intq 
Delaware  Bay  ;  is  navigable  for  vcflels 
of  100  tons  ao  miles,  and  for  linall  craft 
conf'dcrably  further. 

Maxantalla  IJlandt  is  near  thf! 
port  of  MatJmchel  on  the  W.  coaft  of 
New-Mexico,  and  on  the  North  Pacific 
ocean. 

May,  Cape,  the  moft  foulherly  point 
of  land  of  the  State  of  Ntw-Jerfey,  and 
the  N.  point  of  the  entrance  into  Del;!- 
ware  Bay  and  river,  in  lat.  39",  and 
long.  74°  56' W.  The  time  of  high 
water  on  fpiing-tide  days,  is  a  quarter 
before  nine  o'clock. 

May  County,  Cape.    See  Cape, 

May  I'oiNT,  on  the  S,  lide  of  New- 
foundland Ifland,  a  point  of  the  peninfu- 
la between  Fortune  and  Placentia  Bays. 

Mayaguana,  one  of  the  Bahauia 
iflands  in  the  Weft-Indies,  and  the  fann; 
with  Maranella,  and  in  lat.  ^^'*  51'  N. 
at  the  N.  point,  and  long.  72°  5  7'  W. 

May  Ft  ELD,  a  townfhip  in  Montgom- 
ery county^New- York,  adjoining  Bror.d- 
abin  on  tli^  weft  ward,  taken  from  Caugh- 
na\vaga,  and  incorporated  in  j  79,';.    In 

1 7961 


M  E  C 

1796,  146  of  its  inhabitants  were  quali- 
fied electors. 

May's  Lick,  in  Mafon  county,  Ken- 
tucky, a  faltfpringon  a  branch  of  Lick- 
ing river,  9  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Waftiing- 
ton,  on  the  fouth  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and 
and  15  northerly  of  the  Blue  Licks. 

Maynas,  a  government,  formerly 
the  eaftern  limit  of  the  jurHdidlion  of 
Quito  in  Peru,  and  joining  on  the  eaft  to 
the  governments  of  Qjiixos  and  Jaen  dc 
Bracamoros.  In  its  territory  are  the 
foiirces  of  thofe  rivers  which,  after  travi- 
erfing  a  vaft  extent,  form,  by  their  con- 
fluence, the  famous  river  of  the  Ama- 
zons. It  is  feparated  from  the  pofTef- 
fions  of  the  Portuguefe,  by  the  famous 
Jine  of  demarcation,  or  the  boundary  of 
thofe  countries  belonging  to  Spain  and 
Portugal.  Its  capitd  is  SanFrancifco 
de  Borja,  the  refidence  of  the  gov- 
ernor, but  the  Superior  refidcs  at  Santia- 
go de  la  Laguna.  There  are  feveral 
miflions  in  the  government  of  Maynas, 
and  diocefe  of  Quito,  particularly  la  on 
the  river  Napo,  and  24  on  the  Maranon 
Or  Amazon ;  many  of  them  are  both 
large  and  populous. 

Mayo  River,  ont'  •  eaft  fliore  of  the 
Gulf  of  California,  a.id  weft  coaft  of 
New-Bifcay,  in  the  province  of  that' 
name,  forms  a  fpacious  bay  at  its  mouth, 
in  lat.  ii"  4?'  N.  and  long.  114'  W. 

Mayzi,  the  eaftern  cape  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Cuba,  and  the  weftern  point  of 
the  windward  pafFage.  N.  lat.  20 
30",  W.  long,  from  Paris  76">  40' 
Sec  Maijy. 

Mazaltan,  a  province  of  Mexico, 
or  New  Spain.  It  is  well  watered  by  the 
Alvarado,  which  difchargcs  itfelf  by  3 
navig.iblc  mouths,  at  30  miles  diftance 
from  Vera  Cruz. 

Meai.ows,  a  fmall  river  which  falls 
info  Cafco  Bay,  in  the  Diftria  of  Maine. 

Meads,  a  place  fituated  on  a  fork  of 
French  Creek  ;  a  branch  of  ;b>.-  Allegha- 
ny, in  Pennfylvania.  N.  lat.  41^36', 
and  about  73  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Frank- 
lin, at  the  mouth  of  the  creek. 

Mecatina,  Great,  Poijit  of,  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  Labrador,  and  the  north 
fliore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in 
N.  America.    N.  lat.  jo°  4a'>  W.  long. 

MecaTina  I  [land.  Little,  on  the 
fame  coaft  and  more,  lies  foudi-weft  of 
Great  Mecatina.    N.  lat.  50"  3C'. 

Mechoacan,  a  province  in  the  au- 
(lience  pf  Me%tpO|  ip  North-America, 


19' 

30". 


MED 

bounded  north  by  part  of  Panuco  and 
the  provinces  of  Zacatecas  and  Gauda- 
lajara,  eaft  by  another  part  of  Panuco 
and  Mexico  Proper,  fouth  by  the  latter 
and  the  South  Sea,  whicli  together  with 
Xalifco,  bound  it  alfo  on  the  weft  and 
north-weft.  It  extends  70  leagues  a- 
long  the  coaft,  and  ftill  farther  inland. 
The  climate  is  good,  and  the  foil  re- 
markably  fruitful.  There  are  here  mines 
of  lilvcr,  and  a  few  of  gold  and  copper. 
Among  its  numerous  produftions  arc 
cocoa,  mechoacan-root,  feveral  odorif- 
erous gums  and  balfams,  larlaparUla, 
ambergris,  vanilla,  caiFia,  &c.  Mecho- 
acan  was  formerly  a  kingdom,  but  the 
Spaniards  have  reduced  it  to  a  bifliop- 
rick,  in  which  are  about  300  towns  of 
civilized  natives.  The  greateft  part  of 
the  trade  of  this  province  is  cai'ried  on 
by  land,  there  being  hardly  any  fea- 
ports  dcferving  that  name. 

Mechoacan,  an  Epifcopal  city  and 
capital  of  the  pronnce  of  its  name,  litu- 
ated  on  a  large  river,  well  ftored  with 
fifh,  near  the  weft  fide  of  a  lake,  about 
lao  miles  weft  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  large 
place,  having  a  fine  cathedral  and  hand- 
fome  houfes  oelonging  to  rich  SpaniardSf 
who  own  the  filver  mipes  at  Guanaxoa- 
to  or  Giiaxafiata. 

MecKLENBURG,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  foulh  by  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina.  It  contains  14,733  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  6,762  are  flaves. 

Mecklenburg, acounty  of  North- 
Carolina,  in  Suliftiury  diftrid,  bounded 
fouth  by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina.  It 
contains  11,395  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1,603  are  flaves.  Chief  town,  Charlotte. 

Mecowbanish,  a  lak°  'n  N.Amer- 
ica,  in  49"  N.  Int. 

Mkd FIELD,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk 
county,  Maflhchulctts,  ao  miles  fouth- 
wellerly  cf  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  i6jo,  and  contains  731  inhabit- 
ants. 

Me D FORI"),  a plcafant, thriving,  com- 
pafl  town  in  Middlcfcx  countv,  Maffa. 
chufetts,  4  miles  north  of  Bofton,  fitu- 
ated  on  Myltick  river,  %  miles  from  its 
moutii.  Here  arc  leveral  diflillerics  and 
brick-works  which  give  employment  to 
a  confiderable  number  of  people.  Tho 
river  is  navigable  for  fmall  vcil'els  to  this 
place.  The  townfhip  was  incorporated 
m  1630,  and  contains  1,029  inhabitants, 
who  are  noted  for  their  indiiftty. 

Medoctu,  a  fettlemcnt  in  New- 
Brunf'rvick,  fituated  oa  the  wtft  fide  of 

bt. 


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MEL 

St.  John's  liver,  ^s  miles  above  St. 
Annes. 

Meporosta,  a  lake  in  the  north 
fart  of  the  DillriiS  of  Maine,  whofe 
noithern  point  is  within  8  miles  of  the 
Canada  line,  in  lat.  47°  j6',  and  long. 
j68°  a  a'  W.  Ir,  gives  rife  to  Spey  river, 
which  runs  S.  S.  E.  into  St.  John_s  river. 

MnnuNcooK,  a  pJantation  in  Lin- 
coln county,  Diftrid  of  Mairie,  a.30 
miles  from  IJoIlon,  having  324  inhabit- 
ants. 

Med  WAY,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk 
county,  Maflachufetts,  bounded  call 
and  fouth  by  Charles  river,  which  fepa- 
rates  it  fiom  Medfieki,  and  of  whicli  it 
was  Ti  part  until  171.^  It  has  two  par- 
"ii'hes  of  CongregHtioiuHfts,  and  contains 
1,035  inhabitants.  It  is  35  miles  fouth- 
vtQ:  of  Bofton,  on  the  middle  poft-ioad 
from  thence  to  Hartford. 

Meow  AY,  or  MJJ-way,  a  fetdcment 
in  Liljcriy  counry,  Georgia,  formed  by 
fimigianta  from  Dorclielter  in  S. Caro- 
lina, about  the  year  1750,  and  whofe  an- 
cellors  migrated  from  Dorcheller  and 
the  vicinity  of  Bofton  about  the  year 
1700.  A  handfomc  Congregational 
meeting-houfc,  belonging  to  this  fettle- 
ment,  was  burnt  by  the  Britifh  during 
the  war,  and  the  fettlement  was  deftroy- 
ed.  It  has  (iuce  recovered,  in  a  confid- 
erable  degree,  its  former  importance. 
JVkdway  is  .30  miles  fouth  of  Savannah, 
andy  well  of  Sunbury, 

M'K t s s  E  N  s li u  K  r,,  a  town  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  York  county,  on  Tom's  Creek, 
40  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  York. 

MirHERRiN,  a  principal  branch  of 
Chowan  river,  in  N.  Carolina,  which 
rifes  in  Charlotte  county,  Virginia,  and 
running  an  eaft  by  fouth  courfe.  unites 
with  the  Nottaway  about  7  milc^  ''-mth 
of  die  Virginia  line.    See  Choijcan  River. 

Mflaovje  Port,  on  the  well  coaft 
of  New-McKico,  is  to  the  nordi-weft  of 
Port  Natividad,  or  Nativity,  and  near  3 
leagues  at  l()iidi-eaft  from  a  row  of  4  or 
5  rocks,  or  naked  iflands  above  water,  in 
the  direcfVion  of  nortii-wcft.  This  port 
j;.  land-locked  againfc  all  winds  from  the 
north-weft  to  the  fjuth-weft. 

Mela,  or  MJ.t,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru 
in  S.  Ameiica,  lies  between  Cauelte  and 
Chilca.  It  is  3  leagues  from  Afia  Ifl- 
and,  whofe  latitude  is  about  13"  6'  S. 

Mh  LAW  ASK  A,  a  Trench  fettlement  of 
about  70  families,  fecluded  in  a  lingular 
manner  from  the  refl  of  mankind,  in 
tlie  nprtii-caft(?rn  part  of  the  Diilri^i  of 


MEN 

Maine.  Thefe  people  are  Roman  Cath. 
olics,  and  are  indultrious,  humane,  and 
hofpitable. 

Melbtecunk  River y  in  Monmouth 
county,  New-Jerfey,  falls  dftward  into 
Beaver  Dam,  which  is  at  the  head  of 
the  bay  which  is  north  of  Cranberry 
New  Inlet. 

Mem 0 RON c OK,  a  ftream  a  little 
weft  of  Byram  river.  Douglafs  fays 
the  partition  line  between  New-York 
and  Connecticut,  as  fettled  Dec.i,  1664, 
ran  from  the  mouth  of  this  riter  N.  N. 
W.  and  was  the  ancient  limits  of  New* 
York,  until  Nov.  7,;^  1683,  when  tlie 
line  was  run  nearly  tiie  fame  as  it  is  now 
fettled 

Memory  Rocks,  amongft  the  Ba- 
hama iHands,  are  in  lat.  47°  30'  N.  and 
long.  79"  40'  W- 

MEMPHkKMA-joo,  a  lake  chiefly  in 
the  province  of  Canada,  40  miles  in 
knctli  from  north  to  fouth,  and  a  or  3 
wide  from  eaft  to  weft.  The  north 
line  of  Vermont  State  pafTcs  over  the 
fouth  part  of  the  lake  in  45°  N.  lat, 
Memphremagog,  which  has  communi- 
cation, by  the  river  St.  Francis,  with  St, 
Lawrence  river,  is  die  refervoir  of  3  cou- 
fiderable  ftreams,  viz.  Black,  Bartoni 
and  Clyde  rivers,  which  rife  in  Ver- 
mont.  The  foil  on  its  banks  is  rich, 
and  the  country  round  it  is  level.  Sec 
Vennonty  8cc. 

Memramcook  River  has  been  rec- 
ommended as  the  moft  proper  bounda» 
ry  between  die  province  of  New-Brunfi 
wick  and  Nova-Scoua.  It  lies  a  little 
to  the  eaftward  of  Petitcodiak,  and 
takes  a  north-cafterly  direftion. 

Menadou  Bay,  or  Panadou,  is  » 
leagues  from  Port  Balenc,  or  Port  Nove, 
on  the  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  at 
the  fouth  part  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, having  the  ifland  of  Scatari,  here- 
tofore called  Little  Cape  Breton,  oppo- 
fite  to  it. 

Mendham,  a  townfliip  in  Morris 
county,  New-Jerfey,  3  miles  north-well- 
erly  of  Vcal-town,  and  6  weft  of  Mor- 
rillown. 

Mentmicin,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft; 
coaft  of  America,  and  N.  Pacific  ocean, 
N.  lat.  42°  ap',  W.  long.  130"  j'. 

Mkndon,  a  poft-town  in  Worcefter 
county,  Maifachufetts,  37  miles  foulh- 
weft  of  Bofton,  and  31  nordi-eaft  of 
Pomfret  in  Connecticut.  This  town(hip» 
called  SlnanJlApaugc  by  the  Indians, 
was  incuiporated  in  1667)  and  contains 
%  Congregational 


1  C6rigregational  pariflies,  a  fociety  of 
Friencfi,  and  1555  inhabitants.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  fouth  by  the  State  of 
Rhode-Ifland.  It  is  watered  by  Charles 
and  Mill  rivers,  and  other  fmall  ftreanw, 
ivhich  ferve  5  grift-mills,  2  faw-mills, 
a  clothier's  works,  and  a  forge.  There 
are  3  hills  here,  viz.  Caleb's,  Wigwam, 
and  Mi/Icee,  from  eitlier  of  which  may 
be  feen,  in  a  clear  day,  the  4  New-Eng- 
land States. 

Mendoza,  a  jurifdi(ftion  in  Chili,  in 
S.  America.  It  has  a  town  of  the  fame 
name,  and  lies  on  the  eaft  (Ide  of  the 
Cordillera,  about  50  leagues  from  San- 
tiago, in  a  pliiin  adorned  with  gardens, 
well  fopplied  with  water  by  means 
©f  canals'^  The  toW'n  contains  about 
100  families,  h-'tif  Cp^niards  and  the 
other  half  cafts,  together  with  a  college 
founded  by  the  Jefuits,  a  pcirochin! 
church,  and  3  convents.  In  tlie  jurif- 
didion  are  alfo  the  towns  of  St.  Juan  de 
hi  Frontera,  iituated  on  the  eaft  of  the 
Cordillera,  and  about  30  leagues  north 
of  Mendoza  ;  and  St.  Louis  de  Loyola, 
about  50  eaft  of  Mentdoza  ;  the  latter  is 
very  fmall,  but  has  a  parifh  church,  a 
Dominican  convent,  ami  2  college 
founded  by  the  Jefuits. 

Mendoza,  a  river  which  rHes  in  the 
Gordilkra  of  the  Andes  in  S.  America. 
Over  this  river  is  a  natural  bridge  of 
rocks,  from  the  vaults  of  which  hang 
feveral  pieces  of  ftone  refembling  fait, 
whicli  congeal  like  ificlcs,  as  the  water 
drops  from  the  rock.  This  bridge  is 
broad  enough  for  3  or  4  carts  to  pafs 
a-breaft.  Near  this  is  another  bridge, 
called  the  bridge  of  the  Incas,  betwixt 
two  rocks ;  and  **  fo  very  high  from 
the  river,  that  the  ftrcam,  which  runs 
with  great  rapidity,  cannot  be  heard." 

MenichlickZ,^?^^,  in  the  north-weft 

Eart  of  N.  America,  lies  in  lat.  61"  N. 
mg.  105*  W.  N.  of  this  is  Lake  Do- 
buunt. 

Meniolacjomekah,  a  Moravian  fet- 
tlement  E.  of  the  Great  Swamp,  at  the 
head  of  Lehigh  river  in  Pennfylvania, 
about  33  miles  N.  W.  by  is.  of  Beth- 
lehem. 

Menolopen,  a  wealthy  and  pleafant 
farming  Icttlcment,  in  Monmouth  coun- 
ty, New-Jerfey ;  making  a  part  of  a  rich 
glade  of  land,  extending  from  the  fea, 
weftward  to  Delaware  river.  It  is  18 
miles  fouth-eaft  of  Princeton. 

Merash  een  Ifland^  in  Piacentia  bay, 
Nswibufidl^nd  llland* 


SlERCtR,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  a'df- 
joining  Woodford,  Shelby,  and  Madi-- 
fon  counties.  Harrodft)urg  is  the  chief 
town. 

Mf.rcerssorough,  a  village  of 
Pennfylvania,  S.  E.  of  Norih  Mountain, 
and  about  13  mrles  S.  W.  of  Cliam- 
berfburg. 

Mercer's  Creekt  in  the  N.  E.  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies, is  a  pretty  deep  inlet  of"  the  coaft, 
the  entrance  to  which  is  between  the 
illands  of  Codrington,  Crumps,  or  Pt*- 
lican.  Lavicount's  Ifhnd  >s  a  fmall 
ifland  alfo  within  it  towards  the  fouti\ 
fhore }  and  in  the  fouth-weft  i^art  of 
it  is  Farley's  Bay,-  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river.r 

Merchant's  Carcenhg  Place,  w'xih- 
ra  llhe  harbour  of  Port-Royal  ill  Jamaica, 
on  the  N.  fide  of  the  lone  peninfula.  A- 
long  this  narrow  flip  of  beach  is  the  orr- 
ly  way  to  pafs  by  land  to  Port  Royal, 
for  9  or  10  miles,  the  careening  place  be- 
ing almoft  at  midway,  but  fomewhat 
nearer  to  tlie  eaft  end  oi  the  penin- 
fula. 

Mrrcy,  Cape  of  God*s,  the  moft 
foutherly  point  of  Cumberland's  Ifland, 
on  the  N.  fide  of  Cumberland's  Straits, 
in  lat.  about  66"  N.  and  has  Cape 
Walfingham  on  its  N.  E.  and  Exetet 
Sound  on  its  north. 

Meredith,  Cape,  among  the  Falk- 
land Iflands  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  between  Port  Stephen's  and  Cape 
Orford. 

Merfdith,  a  tpwnfhip  in  StrafFortl 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  fituated  on 
the  S.  W.  fide  of  Lake  Winipifeogety 
15  miles  N.  of  Gilmantown,  9  S.  E.  of 
Plymouth, and  70  N. W.  of  Portfmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1768.  In  17/.? 
it  contained  459  and  in  1790,  881  in- 
habitants. It  was  lirft  called  New -Sa- 
lem. 

Merjda,  the  capital  of  Yucatan,  in 
the  audience  of  Mexico,  in  N.  America. 
It  lies  near  the  N.  fide  of  the  province, 
between  the  gulfs  of  Mexico  and  Ilofi- 
duras  ;  ^15  mues  S.  of  the  Ocean,  and 
%i,$  N.  E.  of  the  city  of  Campcachy. 
N.  lat.  «i°  38',  W.  long.  90''  36'. 

Merida,  a  town  of  New  Granada, 
in  S.  America,  fituated  near  'he  limits 
which  divide  the  province  from  Vene- 
zuela. The  foil  round  this  pb":e  abound-; 
with  fruit  of  all  forts,  and  there  are  gold 
mints  near  it.  It  is  about  j4  tiiik-s  front 
Lake  Maracaybo,  ij*  N.E.'of  Pamjje- 


\l 


■h 


mw  m 


^) 


lis!"  "/!ii«l 


M  E  H 

iiina,4ind  26oN.E,of  St.Fe.  The  inhab- 
itants Tend  their  fruit  and  merchandize 
toTruxillo.  N.lat.8»  30',  W.long.  71". 

MeriM,  a  large  lake  in  Paraguay  in 
S.  America,  very  near  tile  coaft  of  the 
^.  Atlantic  Ocean*  where  the  land  is 
very  flat.  Fort  St.  Miguel  ftands  at  the 
S.  end,  and  Fort  Mangaveira  at  its  north- 
eallem  extremity.  There  is  a  very 
narrow  lake,  parallel  to  Luke  Meriam 
between  it  and  the  ocean,  and  nearly  as 
Jong.  The  forts  command  the  extrem- 
ities of  the  pcninlula. 

Mer I M  EG,  or  MaravKg,  a  large  river 
of  Louifiana,  which  empties  into  the 
JMlflilippi,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Mif- 
fouri,and  jo  miles  above  the  fettlementof 
Genivieve.  Fine  meadows  lie  between 
this  and  the  Miflburi. 

Mer  ION,  Upper  and  Loiver,  two 
tov/iifhips  in  Montgomery  county,  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Mbro  District,  in  the  State  of 
Tenneffee,  on  the  banks  of  Cumber- 
land river,.  It  comprehends  the  coun- 
ties of  Davidfon,  Sumner,  and  Tennef- 
fee. In  1790  it  contained  7,041  inhab- 
itants, including  1,151  fluves.  By  the 
8tate  cenfus  of  1795  there  were  14,390, 
of  which  number  8,466  were  flaves. 

Mero  Point,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean  andcoaftof  Peru,  between  Capei 
Blanco  to  the  S.  W.  and  Tumbez  river; 
to  the  N.  E.  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  Gua-| 
yaquil  Bay,  in  lat.  3°  40''  S.  The  coaft; 
at  Uie  point  of  Mero  is  low  and  flat,: 
but  the  country  within  is  high  and! 
tncuntainous. 

Merrimack  River,  u^  its  courfei 
foutherly  through  the  State  of  New- 
tlampfture,  till  it  enters  MaiTachufetts ; 
it  then  turns  eafterly,  and  pafTes  into  the 
ocean  at  NewbutyJ'ort.  This  river  is 
formed  by  die  confluence  bfPemigewaf- 
fet  and  Winnipifeogee  riverg,.  in  aboat; 
lat.  43°  a6'.  This  river  is  navigable  for 
vefTels  of  burden  about  20  miles  from| 
its  mouth,  where  it  is  obdrudted  by 
the  firfl:  fsdls,  or  rapids,  called  Mitch-i 
ell's  Eddy,  between  Bradford  and  Ha- 
verhill. Vaft  quantities  of  flaip-timber,' 
and  various  kinds  of  lumber  are  bronghc 
down  in  rafts,  fo  conftrudted  as  to  paf^ 
&11  the  falls  in  the 'river  except  thole  of 
AmuHceag  and  Pawtucket.  In  the  fpring 
and  fummer,  confiderable  quantities  01 
falmon,  (had  and  alewives  are  caught, 
which  are  either  ufed  as  bait  in  the  cod- 
iifhery,  or  pickled,  and  fliippcd  to  the 
Weft-Indies.    As  many  as  6  or  7  brid^- 


Mer 

es  ba\'e  been  thrown  over  this  fine  river 
at  different  diltances,  from  New-Con- 
cord, downwards  i  the  raofl  elegant  and 
expensive  are  the  one  two  miles  above 
Newhury-Port;  and  the  one  at  Haver- 
hill. A  canal  >5  low  in  procefs  to  open 
a  communication  jetwe«n  tlic  waters  of 
the  Merrimack  at  Chelmsford  and  the 
harbour  of  Bofton,  tlirough  Myftick 
river.  See  MiMefinc  Canal.  The  bar 
acrofs  the  moudi  of  this  river  is  a  very 
great  incumbrance  to  navigation,  and  is 
efpecially  terrible  to  ftrangers.  There 
are  i6  feet  of  water  upon  it  at  common 
tides.  There  are  two  light-houfes  of 
wood,  removeable  at  pleafure,  according 
to  the  fhifting  of  the  bar*  The  lights 
now  bear  E.  *  N.  and  W. i  S.  Bung- 
ing both  the  hght-houfcs  to  bear  into 
one,  until  you  are  a-breaft  of  the  lower 
one,  will  bring  ;you  in  over  the  bur  in  tlie 
deepeft  water.)  where  is  a  .bold  fhore 
and  good  anchoring  gcound*  The  N. 
.point  of  Plunib-IflanQ  which  forms  ;the 
S.  fide  of  the  entrance  inta  the  river, 
lies  in  lat.  41°  47'  40". 

Merrimack,  a  tov/nfhip  in  Hill.Qjo- 
rough  countVjNew-Hanrapftiirc, fituated 
on  the  foutn  fide  of  Souh^an  river, 
which  runs  eailward  1  into  the  Merri- 
mack. It  is  55  miles  wefterly  qf  Portf- 
moutJi,  was  incorporated  in  1746,  and 
contains  819'inhabitaints. 

MerriMichi  it/wr  falls  into  tl»e 
head  of  a  bay  of  tlu6  name  on  the  N.  E. 
coaft  of  the  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wick.  A  little  above, its  confluence 
with  tJie  bay,  it  forms  into  two  branclief , 
and  tuns  tlirougha  fertile  tradl  of  choice* 
intervale  land ;  and  the  lapd  is,  in  gener- 
al, well  cloatlied  witli  ttoiber  of  all  Kinds. 
From  this  river  there  is:a  con^niunica- 
tion  with  St.  John's,  partly  by  land,  but 
principally  by- water  carriage  in  canoes.' 
T'he  falmon  fifhcry  is  carried  on  with 
fuccels,  and  the  cod  fifliery  is  improving 
near  the  entrance  of  the  bay. 

iMEaRYCONE.AG.    See  Harpfwtll. 

Merry-Meeting  Bary,  in  Strafford 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  is  the  fouth- 
eafternmaft  arm  of  Lake  Winnipifeo- 
gee. Mount  Major  ftands  on  its -weft 
fide. 

Merry-Meeting  5dfy,  in  the  Dif- 
tridt  of  Maine,  is  formed  by  die  junction 
of  Androfcoggin  and  Kennebeck  rivers, 
pppofite  to  thd  town  of  Woolwich,  ao 
miles  from  the  fea.  Form^ly,  fVpm 
this  bay  to  the.  fea,  the  confluent  Hrearri 
WAS  called   Sagjidahock.    :The  Jand* 

here 


^  E  W 

Wft  ire  good.  Steven's  river  heaas 
within  a  mile  of  the  bay,  and  a  .canal 
has  lately  been  opened  which  unites 
thefe  waters.  A  company  has  been  in- 
corporated to  build  a  bridge  over  An- 
droiboggin  river,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
bay,  to  conned  the  towns  of  Brunfwick 
and  Topfham ;  the  former  on  its  fouth- 
ern  fide,  the  latter  on  its  northern  fide. 
Merteq^je,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Honduras  in  New-Spain,  which  pro- 
duces the  cochineal. 
.  Mesa,  La^  the  fouthernmoft  of  4 
ifles  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  to  each 
other,  and  E.  of  the  Sandwich  Ifles. 
N.  lat.  19°,  W.  long.  137°  30'.     .  _ 

Mbss  AS  AGUES,  Indians  inhabiting 
between  Lakes  Superior  and  Huton. 
They  have  about  1,500  warriors. 

Messersourg,  a  town  in  Franklin 
county,  Pennfylvania,  16  miles  S.  W.  of 
Chamberfljurg,  and  168  W.  by  S.  of 
Philadelphia. 

M£ssiLi.0NKs,  or  MujTclc  Bay,  on  the 
coaft  of  Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
is  g  leages  N.  by  E.  of  Morrenas  bay, 
and  5  S.  by  W.  of  Atacama.  It  is  prop- 
erly within  the  bay  of  Atacama,  and  is 
lb  deep  on  the  S.  (ide  that  there  is  no 
foundings ;  but  at  the  entrance  or  an- 
clioring-place  it  is  moderate,  and  (hips 
may  ride  m  1 5  fadioms,  clean  ground,  and 
fccured  from  moft  winds. 

Mestrb  Bay,  Little,  on  the  N.  E. 
part  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  fouth- 
ward  of  St.  Julian,  and  N.  by  W.  of  the 
iilands  Gros  and  Belle. 

Mesuckama  Lake,'m  the  N.part  of 
N.  America.  N.  lat.  j©*^  10',  W.  long. 
«o°. 

Metchigamia8>  along  narrov.lake, 
or  rather  dilatation  of  the  northern 
branch  of  the  river  St.  Francis,  in  Louifi- 
ana,  which  falls  into  the  Minilippi  from 
the  N.  W.  about  4  miles  above  Kappas 
Old  Fort. 

Methuen,  the  north-weftemmoft 
townfliip  in  Effex  county,  Miiflkchufetts, 
lltuated  on  the  N.  bank  of  Merrimack 
river,  between  Dracut  and  Haverhill. 
It  contains  t  parilhes  and  1,297  inhabit- 
aiits.  It  was  incorporated  in  1725. 
liulbandry  and  the  cutting  and  felling 
lumber  divide  the  attention  of  tlie  in- 
habitants. 

Mew  IJla..Jii,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Spanifh  Main  in  the  Weft-Indies,  be- 
tween Cape  Cameron,  and  Cape  Gra- 
cias  a  Bios,  lie  acrofs  the  entrance  into 
the  bay  of  Cotroe,  or  Crotoe.  They 
Bb 


M  E  X 

are  furrounded  with  rocks,  and  are  very 
dangerous,  efpecially  in  cafe  of  hard 
gufts  from  the  N.  and  N.  E. 

Mexicano  River,  or  Adayes,  in  Lou- 
ifiana,  has  a  S.  E,  counc  and  empties 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  it  Cabo  du, 
Nord  ;  W.  by  S.  of  Afeenfion  bay,  and- 
E.  by  N.  of  tne  mouth  of  Trinity  river. 
On  its  banks  are  rich  (ilver  mines :  Fort 
Adayes  ftands  on  its  north-eaftern  (ide, 
in  about  lat.  30"  31'  north. 

Mexico,  h  townihip  in  Herkemcr 
county,  New-York,  mcorporated  in 
1796,  lying  on  Canada  and  Wood 
Creeks,  and  Oneida  Lake. 

Mexicoj  or  Neiu-Spain,  bounded 
north  by  unknown  regions,  eaft  by  Lou- 
ifiana  And  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Ibuth  by 
tlie  Ifthmus  of  Darien,  which  feparatcs 
it  from  Terra  Firnia  in  Sout]i-America> 
weft  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Its  length 
is  about  2,100  miles,  its  breadth  1600  ; 
fituated  between  lat.  9°  and  40°  north, 
and  between  long.  83°  8'  and  115°  g' 
weft.    This  vaft  country  is  divided  into 
Old-Mexico,  which  contains  tiie  audien- 
ces of  Galicia,  Mexico,  and  Gautimala, 
which  are  fubdivided  into  aa  provinces  ; 
Ne^-Mexico,  divided  into  two  audien- 
ces, Apacheira  and  Sonora  ;  and  Cali- 
fornia, on  the  weft,  a  peninfula.     The 
land  is  in  great  part  abrupt  and  moun- 
tainous, covered  with  thick  woods,  and 
watered  with  large  rivers.     Some  of 
tliefe  run  into  tlie  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
others  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Among 
the  firft  are' Alvarado,  Coatzacuaico, 
and  Tabafco.    Among  the  latter  is  the 
river  Guadalaxara  or  Gre^t  river.  There 
are  feveral  lakes  which  do  not  lefs  eni- 
belli(h  the  country  than  give  conve- 
nience to  the  commerce  of  the  people. 
The  lakes  of  Nicaragua,  Chapalian,  and 
Pazaquaro,  are  among  tlie  largeft.  '1  lie 
lakes  Teizuco    and  Chalco   occupy  a 
great  part  of  the  vale  of  Mexico,  whicii 
IS  tlie  fineft  trad  of  country  in  New- 
Spain.  The  waters  of  Chalco  are  fweet, 
thofe  of  Tctzuco  are  brackifh.   A  cannl 
unites  them.    The  lower  lake  (Tetzcu- 
co)  v/as  formerly  as  much  as  20  mile* 
long  and  l^  broad,  and,  lying  at  the 
bottom  of  the  vale,  is  the  refei  voir  of  all 
the  waters  from  the  furrounding;  moun- 
Uiins.   The  city  of  Mexico  ftands  on  an 
idand  in  this  lak'e. 

In  this  country  are  interfperfed  many 
fountaiHS  of  different  qualities.  Thiire 
arc  an  infinity  of  nitrous,  fulphureoiis, 
vitriolic,  and  iUununous  mineral  watery 

fome 


'  i; 


i  !'■ 


iy  i 


fcme  of  which  fpring  out  fo  hot,  that  in 
a  Oiort  time  any  kind  of  fruit  or  animal 
food  is  boiled  in  them.  There  are  alfo 
petrifying  waters,  with  which  they 
make  little  white,  fmooth  ftones,  not 
difpleafing  to  the  tafte ;  icrapings  from 
mrhich  taken  in  Broth,  or  in  grud,  nttuJe 
of  Indian  corn,  are  moft  powerful  dia- 
phoretics, and  are  ufed  with  remarkable 
iuccefs  in  various  kinds  of  fevers. 

The  climate  of  this  extenfive  country 
is  various.  The  maritime  parts  arc  hot, 
and  for  the  moft  pai't  moift  and  unheal- 
thy. Lands,  which  are  very  high,  or 
terynear  to  high  mountains^  which  are 
perpetually  covered  with  fnow,  are 
eold. 

The  mountains  of  Mexico  abound" 
lo  ores  of  every  kind  of  metal,  and  a 
great  variety  of  foffils;  There  are  entire 
mountains  of  loadftone,  and  among  oth- 
ers, one  very  confiderable  between 
Tcoiltylan  and  Chilapan,  in  the  country 
of  the  Gohuixcas. 

However  plentiful  and  rich  the  min- 
tral  kingdom  of  Mexico  may  be,  the 
vegetable  kingdom  is  ftill  more  various 
and   abundant.     Dr.  Hernandez,  de- 
Icribes  in  his  natural  hiftory,  about  1,200 
medicinal  plants,  natives  of  that  coun- 
try.   The  fruits  of  Mexico  arc,  pine- 
apples,   plums,    dates,    water-melons, 
apples,  peaches,  quinces,  apricots,  pears, 
pomegranates,  figs,  black-chefrries,  wal- 
nuts, almonds,  oHves,    chefnuts,  and 
grapes.    This  cocoa-nut,  vanilla,  chia, 
great-pepper,  tomati,  the  pepper  of  Ta- 
bafco,  and  cotton,  are  very  common  witli 
the  Mexicans.     Wheat,  barley,  peas, 
beans  and  rice  have  been  fuccefsfully  cul- 
tivated in  this  country.^    Withrefpeft  to 
plants  which  yield  profitable  refins,  gums, 
oils  or  juices,  the  country  of  Mexico 
is  Angularly  fertile.-    Of  quadrupeds, 
there  have  been  tranfported  into  this 
country  horfcs,  afles,  bulls,  (heep,  goats, 
hogs,  dogs  and  cats,  which  haw  all 
TTiultipliecl.     Of   the  ancient  quadru- 
peds, by  which  is-  meant  thofe  that 
from  time  immemorial  have  been  in 
that  country,^  fbme    are  common  to 
Both  the  continents  of  Europe  and  A- 
merica,.fonie  peculiar  to  the  new  world, 
others  natives  only  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mexico.   The  ancient  quadrupeds  com-  • 
mon  to  Mexico  anj^tiie  old  continents, 
are,  lions,  tigers,  wild-cats,  bears,wolves, 
foxes,  the  common  ftags  and  white  ftags, 
bucks,  wild-goats,  badgers,-  pole-cats, 
%v<sa;i:les,  maruns,iq[uirreis,  rabbits,  hares, 


Wejc 

ottersand  rats.  Their  prodigious  numliwl^ 
of  birds,  their  variety,  and  many  valuabi* 
qualities,  have  occafioncd  fome  authors 
to  obferve,  that,  as  Africa  is  the  country 
of  beafts,  lb  Mexico  is  the  country  of 
birds.  It  is  faid  tliere  are  aoo  fpecies 
peculiar  to  that  kingdom. 

The  civil  government  of  Mexico  i» 
adminiftered  by  tribunals  called  audi- 
ences. In  thcfe  courts,  the  viceroy 
of  the  king,  of  Spain  prefides.  His 
employment  is  the  greateft  truft  and 
power  his  Catholic  Maiefty  has  at  his 
difpofal,  and  is  perhaps  tlie  richeft  gov- 
ernment cntrufted  to  any  fubjedk  in  tlie 
world.  The  viceroy  continues  in  of- 
fice three  years.  The  clergy  are  ex- 
tremely numerous  in  Mexico.  The 
priefts,  monks  and  nuns  of  all  orders 
make  a  fifth  of  the  white  inhabitants, 
loth  here  and  in  other  parts  of  Spanilh 
America.  The  -...pire  of  Mexico  was 
lubdued  by  Cortez  in  15 ai. 

Mexico,  the  capital  of  the  above 
province,  is  the  oldeft  city  in  America, 
of  which  we  have  any  account ;    its 
foundation  being  dated  as  far  back  as 
1.^25.    It  is  fituatcd  iti  the  charmingf 
■fak  of  Mexico,  on  fe  veral  fmall  iflands, 
in  Lake  Tetzcuco,  in  N.  hit.  19°  a6', 
and  101°   35'  W.  long,  frorti  Ferro. 
This  vale  is  furroimded  with  lofty  and 
verdant  mountains,  and  formerly  con- 
tained no  left  than  40  eminent  cities,- 
befides  \'illages  and  hamlets.     Concern- 
ing the  ancient  population  of  this  city 
there  are  various  opinions.    The  hifto- 
rians  moft  to  be  relied  on  fey,  that  it 
was  nearly  nine  miks  in  circumference  1 
and  contained  upwards  of  60,000  hord- 
es, containing  each  from  4  ta  10  inhab- 
itants.   By  a  late  accurate  enumeration, 
made  By  the  magi,  trates  and  priefts,  it 
appears  that  the  p.'-fent  nuniber  of  in- 
habitants exceeds  auo,ooo.  The^reateft 
curiofityin  the  city  of  Mexico,  is  their 
floating  gardens.-   When  the  Mexicans, 
about  the  year  13*5,  were  fubdued  by  the 
Colhuan  and  Tepanecan  nations,  and 
confined  to  ^e  fmall  iflands  in  the  lake, 
having  no  land  to  cultivate,  they  were 
taught  by  neceffity  to'  form  moveable 
gardens,  which  floated  on   the  lake. 
Their  conftruftion  is  very  finiple.  They 
take  willows  and  the  roots  of  marm 
plants,  and  other  materials  which  are 
light,  and  twift  them  together,  and  fo 
firmly  unite  them  as  to  iorm  a  fort  of 
platform,  which  is  capable  of  fi^portiDjj" 
the  earth  of  the  garden.     Upon  this 

foundatioo' 


are  ex- 


fi(  £  X 

foundation  they  lay  the  light  bufhes 
which  float  on  th^  lake,  and  over  them 
^read  the  mud  and  dirt  which  they 
draw  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  lake. 
Their  regular  figure  is  quadrangular ; 
their  lengtli  and  breadth  various,  but 
generally  about  8  rods  long  and  3  wide ; 
and  their  elevation  ^um  the  furface  of 
the  water  is  left  than  a  foot.  Thefe 
were  the  firft  fields  that  the  Mexicans 
owned,  after  the  foundation  of  Mexico ; 
there  they  firft  cultivated  the  maize, 
great-pepper,  and  other  plants  nee. 
eflary  for  their  fupport.  From  the 
induftry  of  the  people  thefe  fields  foon 
became  numerous.  At  prefent  they 
cultivate  flowers  and  every  fort  of  gar- 
den herbs  upon  thcni.  Every  day  of 
the  year  at  funrife,innumerable  vefl'els  or 
boats,  loaded  with  various  kiixls  of  flow- 
ers and  herbs,  which  are  cultivated  in 
thefe  gardens,  are  feen  arriving  by  the  ca- 
nal, at  the  great  market-place  of  Mexico. 
All  plants  thrive  in  them  furprifingly ; 
the  mud  of  the  lake  makes  a  veiy  rich 
foil,  which  requires  no  water  from  the 
fiouds.  In  the  largeft  gardens  there 
is  commonly  a  little  tree  and  a  little  liut 
to  (hehcr  the  cultivator  and  defend  him 
from  the  rain  or  tlie  fun.  When  the 
owner  of  a  garden  or  the  Chhiainpa^  as 
he  is  called,  wilhes  to  change  his  litua- 
tion,  to  get  out  of  a  bad  neiglibourhood, 
or  to  come  nearer  to  his  faiiiily,  he  gets 
into  his  little  boat,  and  by  his  own 
i(irength  alone,  if  the  garden  is  fniall, 
or  with  the  afliftance  of  others,  if  it  is 
large,  conduds  it  wherever  he  pleal'es, 
with  the  little  tree  and  hut  upon  it. 
That  part  of  die  ifland  where  thele  float- 
ing gardens  are,  is  a  place  of  delightful 
recreation,  where  the  fenfes  receive  the 
higheft  poflible  gratification.  fhe 
buildings,  which  are  of  ftone,  arc  con- 
venient, and  the  public  edifices,  efpe- 
cially  the  churches,  are  magnificent  j  and 
the  city  has  the  appearance  of  immenfe 
wealth.  The  trade  of  Mexico  coniilts  of 
3  great  branches,  which  extend  over  the 
whole  world.  It  carries  on  a  traffic 
with  Europe,  by  La  Vera  Cruz,  fitua- 
ted  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  North 
Sea ;  with  the  Eaft-Indies,  by  Acapul- 
CO,  on  the  South  Sea,  210  miles  S.  W. 
of  Mexico;  and  \yith  South-America, 
by  the  fame  port.  Thefe  two  I'ca-ports, 
Vera  Cruz  and  Acapulco,  are  admira- 
bly well  fituated  for  the  commercial 
,  purpo^  to  which  they  are  applied. 
*:^. Mexico,  Gulf  off  is  that  part  of  die 

-MvJK,XITv.i  -■ 


M  I  A 

North  Atlantic  ocean,  which  walhes  the 
S.  and  S.  W.  coall  of  Florida,  the  ealt 
coaft  of  New-Leon  and  New-Galicia,  in 
New-Mexico,  and  the  N.Ji.  coaft  of  Old 
Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  in  N.  America, 
It  is  properly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
FlOridas,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Darien,  or  perhaps  ftill  more  properly 
by  the  N.  W.poiqt  of  the  Ifthmus  of 
Darien,  fuppohng  a  lin;:  to  be  drawn 
from  one  to  the  othe'.  The  Gulf  of 
Mexico  is  therefore  to  be  conlidered  as 
the  weftern  part  of  the  great  gulf  between 
the  northern  and  fouthern  conunents  of 
America.  This  fpacious  gulf  contains  9. 
great  many  iflands  of  various  extent  and 
lize  ;  arvd  it  receives  feveral  great  rivers, 
particularly  the  MiflifippL  the  N.  river, 
and  a  multitude  of  others  of  comparativer 
ly  lefs  note.  Its  coails  are  fo  irregular 
and  indented,  that  its  lefler  gulfs  &  Days 
are  alnioft  innumerable  ;  the  chief  of 
thefe  are  the  gulf  of  Honduras,  and 
Guanajos,  and  the  bays  of  Campeachy» 
Palaxay,  and  St.  Louis.  It  is  conjeftur- 
ed  by  lome  to  ^^ave  been  formerly  land ; 
and  that  the  conftant  attridon  of  the 
waters  in  the  Gulf  Stream,  has  worn  it 
to  its  prefent  form.  See  Cu{f  Streatiif 
^SiA  Gulf  of  Florida, 

Miami  River y  Little,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  has  a  fouth- weftern  courfe, 
and  empties  into  the  Ohio,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  town  of  Columbia,  ao  miles 
eaftwardof  theGrcatMiamijin  a  ftraight 
line,  but  a;  taking  in  the  meanders  of 
the  Ohio.  Jt  is  too  fmall  for  batteauK 
navigation.  Its  banks  are  good  land, 
and  fo  high  as  to  pre^'^ent  m  common 
the  overflowing  of  the  water.  At  the 
diftance  of  30  miles  from  the  Ohio,  the 
Miamies  approximate  each  other  within 
eight  miles  and  a  half.  On  this  river 
are  feveral  ialt-i'prings, 

Miami  Ri-jer,  Great,  or  Great  Min- 
eami,  called  alfo  AJjereniet^  or  Rocky 
river,  in  the  N.W.  Territory,  has  a  S.  by 
W.  courfe,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio 
by  a  mouth  aoo  yards  wide,  ja^  miles 
from  Big  Bones,  154  miles  from  theRap- 
ids,  and  604  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio, 
It  is  one  of  the  moft  beautiful  ftreams  in 
the  Tertitory,  and  is  fo  clear  and  tranf.. 
parent,  at  its  higheft  ftate,  that  a  pin 
may  very  plainly  be  feen  at  its  bottom. 
It  has  a  very  ftony  channel,  a  fwift 
ftream,  but  no  falls.  At  the  Picqlie  or 
Pickawee  towns,  above  75  miles  from  its 
mouth,  it  is  not  above  30  yards  broad, 
yet  loaded  bAttea.ux  can  afcend  50  miles 

.    higher. 


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it"- 


M  I  C 


M  I  C 


I 


iiii 


hiphfr.  The  portage  from  the  navigar 
ble  waters  of  its  eauern  branch  to  San- 
tlulky  river  is  9  miles,  and  from  thofe  of 
its  wcllern  branch  to  the  Miami  of  the 
Lakes,  only  five  miles.  It  ulfo  interlocks 
^vith  the  Scioto. 

Miami  of  the  Lttin,  a  na/igable  river 
of  the  N.W.Territory,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Erie,  at  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the 
lake.  A  fouthorn  branch  of  this  river 
communicates  with  the  Great  Miami, 
by  a  portage  of  5  miles.  Tliis  river  is 
called  by  ibme  writers  Ma\vnit;c,  alfo 
Omee,  and  Manmick.  Scs  Territjry 
JV.  W.  of  the  Ohio. 

Miami,  a  village  on  the  Miami  of  the 
Lake  nc.ir  the  Miami  Fort.  Large  ca- 
jioes  can  come  ftoni  Ouiatanon,  a  I'mall 
French  fcttlement  on  the  W.  lide  of  the 
Wabafh,  197  miles  below  the  Miami 
Carrying-place,  which  laft  is  9  miles 
from  this  villaf^^e. 

Mi  A  MIS,  an  Indian  nation  who  itv- 
liabit  on  the  Miami  river  and  the  fouth- 
crn  fide  of  Lake  Michigan.  They  can 
raile about  •500 warriors.  In  conl'equcnce 
of  lands  ceded  to  the  U.  States  by  tlic 
treaty  of  Greenville,  Auguft  3d,  1791;, 
government  paid  thera  a  fum  in  hand, 
and  engaged  to  pay  to  tlieiu  annually, 
forever,  to  the  value  of  1,000  dollars  in 
goods. 

Ml  AMIS  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Miami  of  the  Lakes. 

MiATA  IJla/uU  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
ands,  in  the  S,  Pacific  ocean.  S.  lat, 
17°  52',  W.  long.  148°  b'. 

Mk h  a e l,  i)l.  or  St.  Mignely  a  tov.'n 
in  the  pxovince  of  Quito,  in  Peru,  and 
iaid  to  be  the  firft  town  the  Spaniards 
Ijuilt  in  that  country.  It  is  of  conlider- 
able  fize,  llanding  in  a  fruitful  valley, 
about  ao  leagues  trom  the  fea.  The  in- 
habitants call  it  Chjla.  Another  town, 
called  St.  Migu?!,  is  the  iecond  city  in 
Tucumania,  20  leagues  from  St.  Jago 
del  Eftero,  on  the  road  to  Charcara  or 
Potofi,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  rugyed 
mountains,  in  a  well  watered  place,  hav- 
ing the  river  Qnebrada  on  the  one  fide, 
^nd  feyerul  fnull  llreams  on  the  other, 
5  or  6  leagues  from  it.  The  country 
prodiices  all  kinds  qf  grain,  plenty  of 
grapes,  cotton  and  flax,  and  yields  ex- 
cellent pafturage. 

MiCHAEj,,  5/,  a  townof  N.Ameri- 
ca, in  Ne\v-Spain,  and  in  the  province 
of  Mechoacan.  It  is  very  populous,  and 
joo  njiit's  from  Mexico,  N.  lat.  ao" 
3i',  W.  long.  ioa°  J5'.  ■  ■  '■..-*.  ' 
•__■-.     ■■ .  ....  ^a-.U 


MirHAtL's  Buy,  St.  on  the  S.  fid© 

of  the  ifland  of  Bai  badoes,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies  }  a  little  N.  of  Foul's  Bay  ;  N.  E^ 
of  which  laft  bay  are  Coblcr's  Rocks,, 
in  the  fliape  of  a  norn. 

Michael's  Gii(f,  St.  in  the  S.  E. 
part  of  Panama  Bay,  is  formed  by  the 
outlet  of  St.  Maria  and  other  rivevs  that 
fall  into  it. 

Michael,  St.  or  St.  Miguel  River, 
is  al£b  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the  ifthmus  ])e- 
twccn  N.  and  S.  America,  and  on  the 
N.  Pacific  ocean,  and  18  leagues  to  the 
W.  of  Port  Martin  Lopez,  and  3  E.  of 
Guibaltigue.  It  has  3  fathoms  water  at 
flood.  Within  the  river  to  the  N.  E.  is 
the  burning  mountain  of  St.  Miguel,  ia 
the  niidll  of  an  open  plain. 

M I  c  H  A  E  L '  s  jB.;;',  67.  in  Terra  Firma,. 
on  the  S.  Sea. 

MiciiAKh's,  St.  a  parlfh  in  Charlef- 
ton  diftridt,  S.  Carolina. 

Michael's,  .9/,  a  town  in  Talbot 
county,  Maryland,  8  miles  W.  of  Eail- 
on,  and  ai  S.  E.  of  Annapolis. 

Michael,  5/.  or  Fond iles  Negre,  a 
town  on  the  S.  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo 
ifland,  10  leagues  N.  E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Michigan  Ltikc,  in  theN.W.  Ter- 
ritory, is  the  largeft  and  moft  confider- 
ablc  lake,  which  is,  wholly  within  the 
United  States,  and  lies  between  lat.  4a'* 
10'  and  4s°  40'  N.  and  between  84" 
30'  and  87°  30' W.  long.  Its  computed 
length  is  280  miles  from  north  to  Ibuth  ; 
its  breadth  from  60  to  70  miles,  and  its 
circumference  nearly  600  miles  ;  and 
contains,  according  to  Mr.  Hutchins, 
10,368,000  acres.  It  is  navigable  for 
fliipping  of  any  burden  ;  and  communi- 
cates with  L;uie  Huron,  at  the  north- 
eartein  part,  through  .the  Straits  of 
Michillimakkinak,  The  ftrait  is  6  rniles 
broad,  and  the  fort  of  its  name  ftanda 
on  an  illand  at  the  mouth  of  the  ftrait. 
In  this  lake  are  feveral  kinds  of  fifh  ; 
particularly  trout  of  ao  excellent  qual. 
ity,  weighing  from  20  to  60  pounds  ; 
and  fome  have  been  taken  in  the  ftrait 
which  weighed  90  pounds.  On  the 
N.  W.  parts  of  this  lake,  tlie  waters  puih 
through  a  narrow  ftrait,  and  branch  out 
into  two  bays ;  that  to  the  northward  is 
called  Noquet's  Bay,  the  other  to  the 
fputhward,  Puans,  or  Green  Bay,  which 
lait  with  tlie  lake,  forms  a  long  penin- 
fula, called  Cape  Townfend,  or  Veimil- 
lion  Point.  About  30  miles  S.  of  Bay 
dc  Puans,  is  Lake  Winnebago,  iiwhich 
coKiiiuijDics,tt8  with  it :  and  a  very  ftioro 

portage 


M  I  C 

portage  interrupts  the  ^vater  comrnuni- 
cation,  fouth-wcftward  Irom  Winne- 
bago Lake  through  Fox  river,  tlien 
through  Ooifconiin,  into  the  river  Mif- 
iifippi.  Chicago  river,  alfo  at  the  S.W. 
extremity  oH  Lake  Michigan,  t'urnilhes 
a  communication  interrupted  by  a  Hill 
fliorter  portage,  with  Illinois  river,  See 
all  there  places  mentioned  under  their 
refpeftive  names.  Lake  Michigan  re- 
ceives many  fmall  rivers  from  the  W. 
and  E.  I'ome  150  and  even  ajo  yards 
broad  at  their  mouths.  See  CranJ, 
Majhcon,  Marame^  St.  JoJ'epby  &c. 

MiCHiLLiMAKKiNAK  Straits  con- 
nedt  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron,  in  a 
N.  E.  and  S.  W.  courle. 

MicHiLLiMAKKiNAK,antnand,fort, 
and  village  on  the  S,  W.  lide  of  the 
Ikraits  of  the  lame  name.     The  fmall 
ifle  on  which  tlie  village,  and  the  tort 
commanding  the  ftrait,  Itand,  is  W.  N, 
W.  of  White  Wood  Ifland,  in  Lake 
Huron.    In  addition  to  the  lands  round 
this  poft  to  which  the  Indian  title  had 
been  extinguiflied  by  the  V'rench  and 
Britilh  governments,  the  Indians  have 
ceded  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  a 
tradl:  of  land  on  the  main,  to  the  north 
of  the  ifland  on  which  the  poft  of 
Michillimakkinak  (lands,  to  meafure  6 
miles  on  lakes  Huron  and  Michigan, 
and  to  extend  3  miles  back  from  the 
water  of  tlie  lake  or  ftrait,  and  alfo  De 
Bois-  Blanc,  or  White  Wood  Ifland. 
This  laft  was  the  voluntary  cift  of  the 
Chipewa  nation.    The  ifland  of  Mich- 
illimakkinak is  very  barren,  but,  as  it  is 
the  grand  rendezvous  of  the  Indian  tra- 
ders, a  confiderable  trade  is  carried  on  ; 
and  its  very  advantageous  (ituationfeems 
to  enfure  that  it  ^vilT  be,  at  fome  future 
period,  a  place  of  great  commercial  im- 
portance.   It  is  within  the  line  of  the 
United  States,  and  was  lately  delivered 
up  by  the  Briiifti.    It  is  about  aoo  miles 
N.  N.  W.  from  Detroit,   and  974  N. 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  45°  ao',  W. 
Jong.  84*  30'. 

Mich  iLLiMAKKi}jAK,Z,////(f,  a  river 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  which  enters 
the  foutli-eaftcrn  fide  of  Illinois  river, 
by  a  mouth  50  yards  wide,  and  has  be- 
tween 30  and  40  fmnll  iflands  at  its 
mouth  ;  which  at  a  diftance  appear  like 
a  fmall  village.  It  runs  a  N.  W.  courfe, 
and  is  navigable  about  90  miles.  On 
its  banks  is  plenty  of  good  timber,  viz. 
red  and  white  cedar,  pine,  maple,  wal- 
put,  &c.  as  alio  coal  mines.    Its  mouth 


M  1  I> 

is  13  miles  below  the  Old  Piorias  Fort 
and  village,  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  tho 
river,  at  the  S.  W.  end  of  Illinois  Lake, 
and  195  miles  from  the  Miflifippi. 

MicHiricoTEN,  a  river  which  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Superior,  on  the  north- 
caft  fide  of  the  lake.  It  has  its  fource 
not  far  diilant  from  Moofe  river,-  a  wa- 
ter of  James's  Bay.  It  forms  at  its 
mouth  a  bay  of  its  own  name ;  and  on 
the  W.part  of  the  bay,  is  a  large  ifland 
fo  calleef,  clofe  to  the  land,  a  fmall  ftrait 
only  Itparates  it  from  Otter's  Head  oa 
the  north. 

MiCHipicooTON  Hot{fet  in  Upper 
Canada,  is  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  the  above  river,  in  lat.  47"  56' 
N.  and  belongs  to  the  Hudfon  Bay  Com- 
pany. 

MiCHiscoui  isthe  Indian  andprefent 
name  of  the  moft  northerly  river  in  Ver- 
mont.   It  rifes  in  Belvidere,  and  runs 
nearly  north-eaft  until  it  has  crofTcd  into 
Canada,  were  it  runs  fome  tliftance,  it 
turns  W.  then  fouiherly,  re-enters  the 
Slate  of    Vermont  in   Richford,    and 
empties  into  Lake  '    lamplain,  at  Mi- 
chifcoiii  Bay,  at  Hi;.!,ligiite.     It  is  navi- 
gable for  the  largelt  boats  to  the  falls  at 
Swantown,    7   miles   from  its  month. 
Michifcoui,  La  Moclle,  and  Onion  riv- 
ers, are  nearly  of  the  fame  magnitude. 
Mich r scout  Tongue, or  Bi7v,  along 
point  of  land    which  extends  fouth- 
erly  into  Lake  Champlain   from  the 
north-eaft  corner  of  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont on  the  W.  fide  of  the  bay  of  this 
name,  and  forms  the  townfliip  of  All- 
burg. 

MiCKMACKS,  an  Indian  nation  which 
inhabit  the  country  between  the  Shapo- 
dy  Mountains,  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence in  Nova-Scotia,  oppofite  to  St. 
John's  Ifland.  This  nation  convey  their 
fentiments  by  hieroglyphics  marked  on 
the  rind  of  the  bircn  and  on  paper, 
which  the  Roman  milfionaries  perfedlly 
underftand.  Many  of  them  reiide  at'; 
the  heads  of  the  rivers,  in  King's  and' 
Hants  counties. 

Mi  COY  A  Bay  is  fituated  on  the  S.  W. 
coaft  of  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  on  die 
North  Pacific  Ocean.  In  fome  charts 
it  is  laid  down  in  lat.  10"  15'  N.  and 
having  Cape  Blanco  and  Chira  Ifland 
for  its  fouth-eaft  hmit. 

MiDDLi  Bank,  a  fifliing  ground  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  lies  from 
north-eaft  to  fouth-weft,  between  St. 
Peter's  Baiik  and  that  oi  Sable  lHand  j 

and 


In  1 


B 

:\\ 

m 

4 

M 

,:l 

M  I  D 

*nd  oppoilte  to,  and  S.  E.  of,  Cape 
Breton  Ifland,  laid  down  in  fome 
charts  between  lat.  44°  z^'t  and  4j° 
34'  N.  and  between  long.  57°  37',  and 

-ViiDDLEBOROUGH,  the  Ncvnafliett 
of  the  ancient  Indians,  a  townllup  in 
pymouth  county,  Maflachufctts,  bound- 
ed weft  by  Freetown  and  Tamton,  calt 
J)y  Carver  and  Warham,  and  u  40  miles 
J),  by  £.  of  Bollon  ;  was  incorporated 
in  166^9,  and  contains  4,526  inhabitants. 
This  town  was  formerly  thickly  inhab- 
ited by  Indian  natives,  governed  by  the 
Ijoted  Hichem  Tifpacan  :  there  are  now 
only  30  or  40  fouls  remaining,  who,  to 
fupply  their  immediate  neceflities,  make 
and  fell  brooms  and  baikets.    The  tovvn 
is  remarkable  for  a  large  range  of  ponds, 
which  produce  li;yeral  forts  of  fiih,  and 
large  quantities  of  iron  ore.    The  bot- 
torr  of  Afiuwamfct  Pond  may  be  faid 
to  be  an  entire  ipine  of  iron  ore.    Men 
go  out  with  boat;;,  and  ufe  inftruments 
like  oyller  dredges,  to  get  up  Uie  ore 
from  the  bottom  of  the  pond.   It  js  now 
fo  much  exhaufted,  that  half  a  ton  is 
tliought  a  good  day's  work  for  one 
mitn ;  but  for  a  number  of  ye  .5  one 
man  could  take  up  four  times  uic  quan- 
tity.   In  an  adjacent  pond  there  is  yet 
preat  plenty  at  30  feet  deep,  as  well  as 
from  Ihoaler  water.      Great  quantities 
of  nails  are  made  here.    In  wintei,  the 
farmers  and  young  men  are  empjoyed  I 
\n  this  manufadure.    Here,  and  at  Mil- 
ton in  Norfolk  county,  the  firft  rolling 
and  flitting  mills  were  ercidted  about  40 
years  ago,  but  were  imperfedt  and  un- 
produiihve,  in  comparifon  with  thofe  of 
the  prefent  time.    The  prints  of  naked 
hands  and  feet  are  to  be  leen  on  feveral 
rocks  ir    this  town,  liippofed  to  have 
D*"*^  aonc  by  the  Indians.    Thefe  are 
probably  fimilar  to  thole  oblerved  in 
t!ie  States  of  Tenneflce  and  Virginia. 

Middle BOURG  Key,  a  fmall  iflot 
feparated  from  St.  Martin's  in  the  Weft- 
Jndies  on  the  N.  E. 

MiDDLEBURY,  a  poft-town  of  Ver- 
mont, and  capital  ol  Addifon  county. 
It  is  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  15 
from  Vergennes,  and  37  S.  E.  of  Bur- 
lington. Here  is  a  brewery  upon  a 
pretty  large  fcale.  Thf  townflnp  lies 
on  the  E.  fide  of  Otter  Creek,  and  con- 
tains 39 J  inhabitants. 

Middle  C</ptf  is  to  the  S.  W.  of  Cape 
Antiiony,  in  Litaten  Land,  on  the  ftrait 
I4C  Mioxcf  aod  the  raoH  wefteriy  point 


M  I  9 

of  that  ifland  j  at  the  ext.eraity  of  S, 
America. 

MiDDLEFiELD,  |  lownfliip  in  Hamp- 
ftii-.e  county,  Malfachufetts,  30  miles 
I,.  W.  of  Springfield,  and  115  miles 
weftcrly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporar 
ted  in  1783,  and  contains  608  inhabit- 
ants. 

MiDDLEHOOK,  a  village  in  New- 
Jerfey,  8  miles  W,  of  Brunfwick,  on  the 
crofs  poft-road  from  Brunfwick  to  Flem- 
ington,  and  on  the  N.  bank  of  Karitou 
river. 

Middle  Ijlands,  ox  Ilhas  deen  Medio^ 
on  die  W.  coaft  of  New-Mexico,  and 
are  between  the  iilands  of  Chira  and  St. 
Luke.  They  aie  in  the  North  Pacific 
ocean,  in  la:.  o»  30'  N.  There  is  only 
from  6  to  7  fathoms  from  Chira  to  thele 
iflands,  and  all  veflels  fliould  keep  nearer 
to  tliem  than  to  tlie  main. 

Middleijurg,  or  Eooa^  the  moft 
foutherlv  of  all  the  Friendly  Iflands,  in 
the  South  Pacific  Oceap  \  and  is  about 
10  leagues  in  circuit. 

Middlesex,  a  county  of  MaiTachu- 
fetts,  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
New-Hanj)ihire»  E.  by  ElFex  countyj 
S.  by  .Suffolk,  and  W.  by  Worcefter 
county.     Its  figure  is  nearly  equal  to  a 
fquiue  of  40  miles  on  a  fide ;  its  greateft 
length  being  ja,  and  its  gre;  left  breadth 
A,i  miles.     It  has  42  towr-ihips,  which 
contain  4a»7J7  inhabitants.    I'he  '"lig- 
ious  Ibcieties  arc  jj  of  Congregational- 
iits^  6  of  Baptifts,  and  fome  Prefbyte- 
rians.     It  was  made  a  county  'n  1643. 
It  is  watered  by  ffvip  principal  rivers, 
Merrimack,  Charles,  Concord,  i\  ifliua, 
and  Myftick  ;  befides  fmaller  flreanis. 
The  chief  towns  are  Charleftown,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Concord.    Charleftown  is 
the  only  fea-port  in  the  county  ;  Con- 
cord is  the  moft  refpedable  inland  town, 
and  is  near  tlie  centre  pf  the  county, 
being  so  miles  N.  W.  of  Bofton.  There 
are  in  die  county  34  fulling-mills,  about 
70  tan-yaids,  4  paper-mills,  a  fnufF-milis, 
6  diftilleries,  and  about  ao  pot  and  pearl 
afli  houfes.    The  fouthern  and  northern 
lides  of  the  county  are  hilly,  but  not 
mountainous,  few  of  the  hills  exceeding 
1 00  feet  in  height,  imd  are  covered  with 
wood,  or  cultivated  quite  to  their  funi- 
mits.    The  air  is  generally  ferene,  and 
the  temperature  mild.     The  extreme 
variation  of  Farenheit's  thermometer, 
may  be  confidercd  as  100*'  in  a  yeur  { 


but  it  is  in  very  few  inftances,  that  in 
the  cowrie  of  a  year  j^  readies  tidier 

extreme : 


ttrtreme :  94'  may  be  confldcred  as  the 
Extreme  famnier  heat,  and  5  or  6"  be- 
low 0°,  as  that  of  the  winter  cold.  In 
the  winter  of  i>96-'97,  it  funk  to  11" 
below  o.  The  foil  is  various,  in  fome 
parts  of  rich,  black  loam,  and  in  others 
It  is  light  and  fandy.  It  produces  the 
timber,  grain  and  fruit  which  are  common 
throughout  the  State,  eitlier  by  natural 
grov/th  or  cultivation. 

Middlesex,  a  maritime  county  of 
Connedicut,  bounded  north  by  Hartford 
county,  fouth  by  Long-Ifland  Soimd, 
e?ft  by  New-London  county,  and  well 
Ly  New-Haven.  Its  greatelt  length  is 
about  .-^o  miles,  and  its  greateft  breadth 
19  hiiles.  It  IS  divided  into  6  townlhips, 
containing  18,855  inhabitants,  of  whom 
iXi  ar(*  flaves.  Connedicut  river  runs 
th^  whole  leng^th  of  the  county,  and  on 
the  ftreams  which  flow  into  it  are  a  num- 
ber of  mills.  Middleton'  is  the  chief 
town. 

MioDLESBjt,  a  county  of  New- Jer- 
fey,  bounded  north  by  Ertex,  N.  W. 
^d  W.  by  Somerfet,  S.  W.  by  Burling- 
ton, S.  E.  by  Monmouth,  eaft  by  Rari- 
ton'  Bay  and  part  of  StatCn  Ifland.  It 
Contains  15,956  inhabitants,  including 
1,3 18  flaves.  From  the  mouth  of  Rari- 
fon  river  up  to  Brunfwick,  the  land-  on 
both  fides  is  generally  good,  botl^  for 
pafture  and  tillage,  produdng  conhder- 
able  quantities  of  every  kirtd  of  grain 
and  hay.  Chief  town,  New-Brunfwick. 
Middlesex,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
on  the  foiith  fide  of  Rappahurthock  riv- 
er, on  Chefapeak  Bay.  It  is  about  35 
miles  in  length,  and  7  in  breadth,  con- 
taining 4,140  inhabitant?,  including 
3,55  8  flaves.  Urbanna  is  tlic  chief  town. 
Middlesex,  a  townfhip  in  Chitten- 
doM  county,  Vermont,  on  the  north-eaft 
fide  of  Onion  river..  It  conuins  60 
inhabitants.- 

MiDDLESFx  Canal  (MafFachufetts) 
Jt  is  expedted  will  be  of  great  imiM>ri- 
ance  to  the  States  of  Maflachufetts  and 
New-Hampfliire.  It  is  now  opening  at 
a  Vaft  expcnfe  by  an  incorporated  com- 
pany. The  dehgn  is  to  open  a  water 
(iommonication  f!om  the  waters  of  Mer- 
rimack river  at  Chelmsford  to  the  har- 
bour of  Bofton.  rhfc  route  of  the  canal 
vrill  be  fouthtriy  through  the  eaft  parts 
of  Chelmsford,  and  Billerica,  the  well 
part  of  Wilmington,  jmd  the  middle  of 
V/obum ;  where  it  "O  nes  to  fome  ponds, 
fromwhJch  ihe  waters  run  by  M^-ftick 
xirer  inct}  Boftoo  hacbour.    The  d^> 


M  I  D 

tance  from  the  Merrimack  to  thefe 
ponds  will  be  1 7  miles.  The  canal  willy 
without  meeting  with  any  laige  hills  or 
deep  vallies,  be  llraightcr  thiiu  the  coun- 
try road  near  it.  The  diflance  from 
the  Merrimack  to  Medford,  as  the  canul 
will  be  made,  is  37,  and  to  Bofton,  31 
miles.  The  canal  is  to  be  24  feet  wide 
at  tlie  bottom,  and  3a  at  the  top,  and  6 
feet  deep.  The  boats  are  to  be  12  feet 
wide  and  70  feet  long.  The  toll  is  to' 
be  6  cents  a  mile  for  every  ton  weight 
which  fhail  pafs.  befides  pay  for  their 
boats  and  labour. 

MiDPLE  Statts,  one  of  the  Grand 
Divihons  of  the  United  States,  (fo  de- 
nomiiated  in  reference  to  the  northern 
and  fouthern  States)  comprehending' 
the  .States  of  New- York,  New-Jeiley> 
Pennfylvania,  Delaware,  and  die  Ter- 
ritory N.  W.  of  the  Ohio. 

MiDDLETOK,  an  interio!*  townfliin  Iff 
Eflex  county,  Mafliichufetts,  28  miles 
northerly  of  Boflton.  It  was  incorporat-' 
ed  in  1728,  and  contains  682  inhabitants. 

Middleton,  a  city  and  poft-town 
of  Connedicut,  and  the  capital  of  Mid- 
dlefeji  county,  pleafantly  fituated  on 
the  weftern  bunk  of  Conneflicu.  i>er^ 
31  mi'es  from  its  mouth  at  Saybrook 
Bar,  according  to  the  courfe  of  the  river; 
14  miles  S.  ot  Hartford,  a6  N.  by  £.  of 
New-Haven,  40  N.  W.  by  W.  of  New- 
London,  and  209  N.  E.  ot  Philadxilphiaj 
Its  5>ublic  buildings  are,  a- Congregation- 
al church,  an  EpifcopaJian  church.,  a 
court-houfe  and  naval-oiHce.  It  con- 
tains about  300  houfes,  ?.nd  carries  on  a 
confiderable  trade.  Here  tlie  river  has; 
10  feet  water  at  full  tides.  N.  lat.  41" 
3S'.  W.  long.  77°  12'.  This  place  wa3 
called  Mattab'ijick,  by  the  Indians,  and 
was  ibttled  in  1650  or  165 1.  Two 
miles  from  tile  city  is  a  lead  mine  which' 
was  wrought  during  the  war,  and  was 
productive;  but  it  is  k)  expenfive  to' 
be  worked  in  time  pt-"  peace. 

MiDDLETOwN',  a  townfhip  in  Straf-' 
ford  county,   New-Hamplhire  ;   about 
40  miles  N.  by  N.  W.  of  Portlmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1778,  and  con- 
tains 617  inhabitants. 

Middletown,  a  townlliip  in  Rut- 
land CO.  'Vermont.  It  contnins  690  in- 
habitants, and  is  39  miles  north  ot  Ben- 
nington. 

MrDDLETOWN,  a  village  on  Long- 
Ifland,  New-York  State  ;  12  miles  from- 
Smithtown,  and  13  from  Bridgehamp-* 
ton. 

J^IDCIiETOWN, 


* 


.  JkliDDLfeTOWN.a  townfhip  Tn  Ulfter 
county,  New-York,  ereded  from  Ro- 
chcfter  and  Woodftock  in  1789,  and 
contains  1,019  inhabitants,  including  6 
flaves.  In  1796  there  were  135  of  the 
inhabitants  entitled  to  be  eledlors. 

MiDDtETOWN,  a  townfhip  in  New- 
port county,  Rhode-Ifland  State,  con- 
tains 840  inhabitants,  including  1.5 
flaves.  In  this  town  which  is  on  the 
ifland  which  gives  name  to  the  State, 
and  about  a  miles  from  Newnortj  is  the 
larce  and  curious  cavity  in  tne  rocksj 
called  Purgatoryt 

MiwDLKTOWN,  a  fmall  poft-town 
in  Ncwcaftle  county,  Delaware,  lies  on 
Apoquinimy  Creek,  41  miles  S.  S.  W. 
of  Wilmington,  and  49  Si  W.  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

MiDDLETowN^  in  Monmouth  coun- 
ty, New-Jerfey,  a  townfhip  which  con- 
tains two  places  of  worfhip,  one  for 
Baptifls  and  one  for  the  Dutch  Reform- 
ed church,  and  3,aa6  inhabitants,  in- 
cludiug  4<;i  flaves.  The  centre  of  the 
townfhip  is  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Tren- 
ton, and  30  S.  W»  by  S.  of  New- York 
city.  The  light-houfe  built  by  the  cit- 
izens of  New- York  on  the  point  of 
Sandy  Hook,  is  in  this  townfhipi  The 
tigh  lands  of  Navefink,  are  on  the  fea- 
coait,  near  Sandy  Hook.  They  are 
<oo  feet  above  the  furface  of  the  water, 
and  are  the  lands  firft  difcovered  by 
mariners  on  this  part  of  the  coaft^ 

MiDDLFTOWN  Potrtt,  in  the  above 
tOMtmfhip,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  the 
Iwy  within  Sandy  Hook,  9  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Spotfwoodf,  and  14  north-weft  of 
Shrewfbury.    A  pofl-oflice  Is  kept  here. 

MinoLETOWN,  a  flourifhing  town  in 
Dauphin  county,  Pennfylvania,  fituated 
on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Swatara  creek, 
vhich  empties  into  the  Suiquehannah, 
s  miles  below.  It  coiiuins  a  German 
church  and  above  100  houfes,  and  car- 
ries on  a  brifl<  trade  with  the  farmers  in 
the  vicinity.  It  is  eflimated  that  above 
«oo,ooo  bufhels  of  wheat  are  brought 
down  tliefe  riveis  annually  to  the  land- 
ing place,  3  miles  from  the  town.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  town  is  an  excellent  mer- 
chant mill,  fupplied  with  a  conftant 
Itream,  by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Swata- 
ta.  It  is  6  miles  S.  of  Hummelfton,  and 
9a  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
40°  11',  W.  long.  76%4'.  There  are 
alfo  two  other  townfhips  of  this  name  in 
the  State ;  the  one  in  Delaware  county, 
•<^e  Qi^di  m.  tbiit  of  CunsUrUad. 


MiobLETOWM,  in  Frederick  connty» 
Maryland,  lies  nearly  g  miles  W.  N.  W. 
of  F  redenckftown . 

Mi0DLET0WN,ih  Dorchefter  county* 
Maryland,  is  about  5  miles  N.  of  the 
Cedar  Landing  Place,  on  Tranfquaking 
Creek ;  7  wefterly  of  Vienna,  and  sl 
N.  W.  of  Cambridge. 

Midway,  a  village  in  Liberty  county* 
Georgia,  30  miles  fouth  of  Savannah, 
and  10  miles  N.  W.  of  Sunbury.  Its 
inhabitants  are  Congregationalifts,  and 
are  the  defcendants  of  emigrants  from 
Dorchelier  near  Bofton*  in  New-Eng- 
land, who  migrated  as  early  as  1700. 

Midway,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland 
county,  Vermont,  eaft  of  and  adjoining 
Rutland; 

MiFFLiNj  a  county  of  Pennfylvania, 
furrounded  by  Lycoming,  Franklin, 
Cumberland,  Northumberland,  Dau- 
phin, and  Huntingdon  counties.  It  con- 
tains 1,851  fquare  miles,  1,184,960 
acres*  and  i$  divided  into  8  townfhips. 
The  mountains  in  this  county  alwund 
with  iron  ore,  for  the  manufecturing  of 
which,  feveral  forges  have  been  ere<5ted. 
It  is  well  watered  by  the  Juniatta,  and 
other  ftreams  which  empty  into  the 
Sufqtiehannahi  Chief  town,  Lewiftown* 

Mifflin,  a  fmall  town  lately  laid 
out  in  the  above  county*  on  tKe  eaft  fide 
of  the  Juniatta ;  iz  miles  eaft  of  Lewif- 
town,  and  138  from  Philadelphia.^ 

Mifflin,  i^Jr/,  in  Pennfvlvania,  is 
fituated  on  a  fmall  ifland,  at  the  mouth 
of  Schuylkill  river,  about  6  miles  foutli 
of  Philadelphia. 

Mi  LF I  ELD,  in  Grafton  County,  New- 
Hampfhire,  fettled  1774. 

MiLvoRD,  a  townfhip  in  MifHin 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

MiLFORD,  a  poft-town  of  the  State 
of  Delaware,  pleafantly  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  Mufpilion  Creek,  about  i» 
miles  weft  of  its  ipouth  in  Delaware 
Bay,  19  S»  by  £.  of  Dover,  7  fouth  of 
Fredenca,  and  95  S.  by  W*  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  contains  nearly  100  houfes, 
all  built  fince  the  war,  except  one. 
The  inhaijitants  are  Epifcopalians, 
Quakers  and  Methodifts. 

iviiLFCRD,  a  town  of  Northampton 
county,  Pennfylvania,  lately  laid  "out  on 
the  N.  W.  fide  of  the  Delaware,  on  a 
lofty  fituation,  at  Well's  Ferry,  120 
miles  above  Philadelphia.  In  front  of 
the  town,  which  contains  as  yet  only  a 
few  houfes,  the  river  forms  a  cove  well 
^teflfor  /licUering  l^ats  aad  lumber  in 

ftorms» 


Korms,  or  frefhes  in  th«  river.  Afaw- 
xnill  and  paper<mill  have  been  erefted 
here ;  the  latter  belongs  to  Mf.  Biddis, 
who  has  difcovered  the  method  of  ma- 
king paper  and  pafte-board',  by  fubfti- 
tuttng  a  large  proportion  c*^faw-duft  in 
the  compofition. 

MiLFORD,  a  poft-town  of  Conne<Sl5- 
cut,  on  Long-Iflard  found,  and  in  New- 
Haven  county,  13  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
Haver.,  and  eaft  of  Stratford.  The 
mouth  of  the  creek  on  which  it  ftands 
has  3  fathoms  Water.  This  toWn.  was 
called  fVopowage  by  the  Indians,  and 
was  fettled  in  1638.  It  contains  an  E- 
pilcopid  church,  and  a  Congregational 
churches. 

MiLFOR  D  HaiteK,  a  deep  ba^  on  the 
coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  to  the  S.  W. 
J-ound  the  point  of  the  ftrait  of  Canfo. 
It  receives  feveral  rr\'ers  from  the  N.  W. 
and  S.  W. 

MiMT/jRY  Tcwnjhipt,  in  the  State 
of  New-York.  The  legiflature  of  the 
State  granted  one  million  and  a  half 
acres  of  land,  as  a  gratuity  to  the  oh.- 
icers  and  foldiers  of  the  line  of  this  State. 
This  tradt,  forming  the  new  county  of 
OnonJagOj  is  bounded  W.  by  the  eaft 
fhore  of  the  Seneca  Lake,  and  the  Maf- 
fachufetts  lands  in  the  new  county  of 
Ontario ;  N;  by  the  part  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio near  !•  ort  Ofwego  }  S.  by  a  ridge  of 
the  Alleahany  Mountains  and  the  Penn- 
fylvania  line  ;  and  E.  by  tlie  Tufcarora 
Creek  (which  falls  nearly  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Oneida  Lake)  and  that  part 
of  what  Was  formerly  Montgomery  coun- 
ky,  WhicI)  has  been  fettling  by  the  Ncw- 
lingland  people  very  rapidly  lince  the 
beaccj  This  pleafant  county  iy  divided 
Into  %s  townfhips  of  60,000  arres  each, 
Which  arfc  again  fubdivided  into  100 
Convenient  farms,  of  600  acres  j  making 
b  the  whole  1,500  faritis.  This  tradt 
is  well  watered  by  a  multitude  of  fmall 
lakes  and  rivers. 

The  referved  l«nda  embofofhed  in 
this  tra<*l,  arc  as  follow  :  a  tradl  about 
t7i  triiles  long,  and  10  bread,  includ- 
ing the  northern  part  of  the  lake  Ca- 
Viiga,  which  lies  ni  the  centre  iri  it,  to 
the  Gayuga  Indians.    The  Indians  have 
a  village  oa  each  fide  of  the  lake  ;  and 
the  ferry  at  the  north  end  lies  in  lat. 
41"  ^4'  14"  north.    Conno";a  Caftle  is 
sbout  3  miles  foiuth  of  the  ferry,  on  tlie 
f  aft  fide  of  Lake  Cayuga.    The  Onon- 
«1ago  Refervation  is  imiformly  r  i  miles 
long,  and  9  broad  ;   boundccl  north  by 
Cc 


kit 

die  Public  Refervation,  and  part  of  tlift 
townfliips  of  M;(nli\ls  and  Caniillus  j. 
A  very  fmall  part  of  the  fouth  end  of 
Salt  Lake  is  within  the  Refervation. 
The  Salt  Spring,  anrf  the  Salt  Lake, 
vvfjth  a  fmall  portion  of  ground  on  each 
fide,  is  referved  by  the  State ;  its  great- 
eft  length  is  6i  miles,  and  the  gi  catcft 
breadth  of  the  Refervation  3|^. 
,,  MitLERi  Fortt  is  on  the  £.  fTde  of 
Hudfon'S  riverj  41  miles  nprth  of  Alba- 
ny, Cohfifting  of  rapids  in  the  river,  and 
feveral  mills  thereon.  It  is  fo  called 
from  a  little  fnud  fort  formerly  built 
there  a^aihft  the  Indians; 

MiLLER'si  or  Payqtiage,  a  river  of 
MafTachufetts,  which  runs  W.  by  S. 
and  fnlls  into  Conneflicut  river,  be- 
tween Northficld  and  Montague.  It  ist 
a  beautiflil  ftream,  though  in  fbme  pla- 
ces very  rapid.  Its  chief  fource  is  in 
Monomenock  pond  in  Rindge,  New- 
Hampfliire,  and  partly  in  Winchendon  ; 
the  other  in  Naukheag  pond  in  Aflibhrn- 
ham.  Thefe,  with  various  ftreams 
unite  in  Winchcndon,  and  form  Miller's 
river. 

Mir,LERS,afettlement  in  Kentucky* 
on  a  branch  of  Licking  riverj  32  miles 
north-eaft  of  Lexington. 
M  M.  L  E  R '  s  Fails:  See  Sontk  JhJleyi. 
MiULEn's-TowN,  in  Northatnpton 
county,  Pennfylvania,  is  pleafintly  fim- 
atedon  a  branch  "f  Little  Lehigh  river  i 
26  miles  S.  W  (ton,  and  47  N.  W. 

by  N,  of  Phi'.au-  I-  contains  about 

40  houfes. 

Mm.IiEr's-Town.  Ser  .'nvilit. 
Mii.ler's-Town,  a  fn:,ill  town  m 
Shenandoah  county,  Virginia,  3  i.iife<i 
fouth  of  Winchefler.  Two  or  three 
miles  from  this  place  is  the  narrow  pais, 
formed  by  the  Shenandoah  river  on  one 
fide,  and  a  fmall  brook  en  the  other. 
It  is  about  a  rod  and  a  half  wide,  and 
a  or  3  lone ;  on  each  fide  is  a  bank  of 
about  looTeet  high. 

Mill  Ijlartd^  near  the  N.  W.  end 
of  Hudfon^s  Strait'; ;  N.  N.  W.  of  Not- 
tingham Ifland,  and  S.  by  F.  of  Cape 
Coiiiibrt,  but  nearer  to  the  hitter.  N. 
kt.  64^  36'.  W.  long.  8o»  -,c'. 

Mill  iJJnnd,  a  fmall  ifland  in  that 
branch  of  Chigncfto  Bay  which  runs 
up  due  north,  wliilft  tlie  Bay  particular- 
ly fo  c:dlcd,  runs  in  north-eaft.  It  is 
nearly  due  weft  4  miles  from  the  nearcft 
point  of  hnd. 

Millstone,  a  fouth  branch  of  Rar- 
iton  river,  in  Ntw-Jcrfcy. 

Millstone, 


i  A    f  '1 


\4 


:',    I 


li 


:»'. 


fpilffi! 


,  Rf JXLSTONE,  a'pleafant  rural  village, 
fituated  on  the  river  of  its  name,  14 
miles  N.  of  Princeton,  in  New-Jerfey, 
containing  the  feat  of  General  Freling- 
huyfon,  and  formerly  the  county  town 
ef  Somerfet.  , 

MIL7.T0WN,  in  tHe  State  c*^  Dck- 
ware,  two  miles  from  Wilminr   ni. 

MiLLTOWN,  in  Northumberland 
county,  Pennfylvania,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
the  W.  branch  of  Sufquehannali  river, 
containing  about  60  houfes,  and  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Snnbury._ 

Milton,,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden 
county,  Vermont,  lituatod  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  oppofite  to 
South  Hero  Ifland.  It  is  divided  into 
nearly  equal  parts  by  La  Moille  river, 
which  empties  into  the  lake  in  Colchef- 
ter,  near  the  S.  line  of  Milton.  The 
townfliip  contains  ziiz  inhabitants.- 

Milton,,  the  Uncataquijfeit,  or  Un- 
quety  of  the  ancient  Indians,  a  townfliip 
in  Norfolk  county,  Maflachufetts  ;  ad- 
joining to  Dorcliefter,  from  which.it  is 
partly  feparated  by  Naponfet  river, 
notea  for  the  excellent  quality  of  its 
water.  It  is  7.  miles  S.  of  Bofton,  and 
contains  1039  inhabitants; 3  paper-mills, 
and  a  chocolate-mill.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1662.  Milton  hill  aflFords  one  of 
the  fineft  profpedts  in  America.. 

Mi LTO  N ,  a  townfliip  in  the  new  couo- 
ty  of  Saratoga  in  New-York.  By  the 
State  cenfus  of  1796,  tliere  were  301  of 
the  inhabitants  who  were  electors. 

Milton,  a  military  townfliip  in 
Onondago  county.  New- York,  fituatcd 
on  the  N.  E.  lide  of  Cayuga  Lake,  near 
its  fouthern  extremity  j  40  miles  N.  of 
Tioga  river»and  ai  S.  by  E.of  the  fer- 
ry on  the  N.  end  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It 
"was  incorporated  in  1794.  By  the  State 
cenfus  of  1796,  x^8i  of  its  inhabi  ints 
were  eledlors. 

Milton,  a  fmalltown  in  Albemarle 
county,  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  S.  W. 
fide  of.  the  Rivanna,  about  80  miles  N. 
W.  by  W.  c>f  Richmond.  It  has  about 
40  houfesi  and  a  ware-houfc  for  the  in- 
fpedion  of  tobacco. 

Mi N  AS,  Bajin  of,  or  Let  Mines  Bay, 
fometimes  alfo  called  Le  Grand  'raye  ; 
is  a  gulf  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  the  Bay  of 
Fuiidy,  into  which  its  waters  pafs  by  a 
narrow  flrait,  and  fet  up  into  Nova-Sco- 
tia in  an  E.  and  S.  dirctftion.  It  is  nbout 
30  leagues  from  the  entrance  of  Annap- 
olis, and  10  from  the  bottom  of  Bedford 
Bay.    It.  is  14  leagues  ia  iengtli,  and 


W  I<1. 

three  in  breadth.  See  Ba^H  »f  Jdi^ 
nat. 

MiNAS,  or  De  las  Minas  Hill,  is  the 
middlemoft  of  the  three  hills,'defcribed 
a»  marks  within  land  for  Bonaventura 
Bay  and  river,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  in 
S.  America  :  thefe  are  S.  of  Panama 
Bay,.and  in  N»  lat.  3°  20',  W.  long.  75* 

Mine  AU  Fer,  or  Iron' Miner,  on  the 
E.  fide  of  MifMppi  river,  is  6  ^  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Chickafaw  river,  and  15  S. 
by  E,  of  the  Ohio..  Her&  the  land  is 
nearly  fimiiar  in  quality  to  that  border- 
ing on  the  Chickafaw  river,  interfperied 
with  gradual  rifings  or  fmall  eminences. 
There  was  a  poft  at  this  place,  near  the 
former  S.  boundary  of  Virginia. 

MiNEHEAD,  a  townfliip  In  EfTex 
county,  Vermont,  on  Conne(ftiGut  river. 

Ming  UN  Ijlandsron  the  N.  fide  of 
the  mouth  of  the  ri\'er  St.  Lawrence. 
They  have  the  ifland  Anticofti  S.  diftant 
10  leagues.    N.  lat.  50°  ij',  W.  long, 

63°  *5'- 

,  Mingo-Town,  an  Indian  town  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  86  miles 
N.  E.  of  Will's-Town,  by  the  Indian 
Path,  and  40  foudi-wcfterly  of  Pittf- 
burg..  It  ftands  a  few  miles  up  a  fmall 
creek,  where  there  are  fprings  that  yield 
the  petrel,  a  bituminous  liquid.. 

Mix  GOES,  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit  near  the  Southern  branch  of  tha 
Sciota  river.    Warriors,;  50. 

Minis  I  NIC,,  a  village  in  New-Jerfey» 
on  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  State,  and 
on  the  weftern  fide  of  Delaware  river ; 
about  5  miles  below  Montague,  and  57 
N.  W.  of  Brunfwick. 

MiNisiNK,  a  townfhip  in  Orange 
county,  New-York,  bounded  eafterly 
I  '  the  Wallkill,  and  foutherly  by  the 
Slate  of  New-Jerfey.  It  contains  3,115 
inhabitants;  of  whom  320  are  entitled 
to  be  eledors,  and  51  are  Haves. 

MiQUELON,  a  fmall  defert  ifland, 
8  miles  S.  W.  of  Cape  May  in  New- 
foundland Ifland.  It  is  the  nioft  wefter- 
ly  of  what  have  been  called  die  ^  iflands 
of  St.  Pierre  or  St.  Peter,  and  is  not  fo 
high  as  the  other  two ;  but  its  foil  is 
very  indifferent,  and  it  is  not  more  than 
tliree-fourths  '  a  league  in  length. 
There  is  a  pafi.ige  or  ciiannel  from  thfl 
wcftward  alonq;  by  the  N.  end  of  this 
ifland  into  Foi  ane  Bay  on  the  S.  ccail 
of  Newfoundland.  N.  lat.  47°  4',  W. 
long.  55°  ij'.  It  is  fometimes  called 
Maguclofu 

Mi&AGOANE,. 


"MIS 

MniAGOANE,  a  town  on  the  N.  fide 
flrtf  the  fouth  pcninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
.St.  Domingo,  and  S.  (ide  of  the  Bight 
•of  Leogane,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  oFits 
name.  It  is  on  the  road  from  Jeremie 
to  Port  au  Prince,  about  31  leagues  E. 
by  S.  of  the  former,  and  43  W.  %  S.  of 
the  latter.   N.  lat.  i8°a/. 

MiRAMiCHi,or  Miradt,  a  port,  bay 
and  river  on  the  N.  E.  coaft  of  New- 
Brunfwick.  The  port  is  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  The  entrance  into  the  bay 
is  very  wide ;  it  has  Point  Portage  for 
its  northern  entrance,  and  its  fouthern 
•fide  is  formed  by  Efcuminax  point, 
which  is  53  miles  N.  E,  of  Shediac  har- 
bour, and  34  S.  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Nip- 
ifighit  river,  which  empties  into  Chaleur 
bay.  There  is  a  falmon  f-fhery  in  Mir- 
aniachi  river. 

Mir  AY  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  is  to  the  S.  from 
Morienne  Bay.  Large  veffels  may  go 
up  6  leagues,  and  have  good  anchorage, 
^nd  lie  lecure  from  all  winds.    N.  tat. 

46°  5'.  W.long.59»49"'. 

MiREBALAis,  an  interior  town  in  the 

French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, fituated  nearly  la  leagues  N.  of 
Port  au  Prince,  on  the  road  from  that 
city  to  Vareltes  j  from  which  laft  it  is 
14  leagues  fouth-eaft. 

MiscoTHiNS,  a  fmall  tribe  of  In- 
dians who  inhabit  between  Lake  Michi- 
gan and  the  Miffifippi. 

Misery,  an  ifle  between  Salem  and 
Cape  Ann  in  Maffachufetts. 

MiSKo,  an  ifland  on  the  fouth-wcft 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  at  its  mouth. 

MissiNABE  Z.fl/t?  is  lituated  in  the 
north  part  of  North-America,  in  lat.  48" 
19' 4»"  N.  and  long.  «4»  a'  4a"  W. 

MissiNABE  Hoiifc-  is  (ituated  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  Mooie  river,  8  miles  from 
Miflinabe  lake,  and  80  W.  by  S.  of 
Frederick  Houfe ;  and  is  a  ftation  be- 
Jonging  to  the  Hudfon  Bay  Company. 

MissiQUASH  Rtver.  Nova-Scotia 
and  New-Brunfwick  provinces  are  icp- 
arated  by  the  feveral  windings  of  this 
river,  from  its  confluence  with  Beau 
Balin  (at  the  head  of  Chignefto  chan- 
nel) to  its  rife  or  main  fource  j  and  from 
thence  by  a  due  eaft:  line  to  the  bay  of 
Verte,  in  the  ftraits  of  Northumberland. 
See  NenU'Brunfivick, 

Missiscoui.    See  Mkh'tfcoule. 

M1SSI81PPI  River.  This  noble  riv- 
er, which,  with  its  eaftern  branches, 
waters  five-eij[hUi5  of  the  United  States, 


M  is 

forms  their  w^fliem  boundary,  anfl  fep- 
arates  them  from  the  Spanifti  Province 
of  Louifiana  and  the  Indian  country. 
Its  fources  have  never  been  explored? 
of  courfe  its  length  is  imknown.  It  is 
conjedured,  however,  to  be  upwards  of 
3,ooD  miles  long.  The  tributary 
ftreams  which  fall  into  it  from  the  weft 
and  eaft,  are  numerous,  the  largeft  of 
which  are  the  MiflTouri  from  the  weft, 
and  the  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Tennefliee 
from  the  eaft.  The  cduntry  on  both 
fides  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  on  its  tribu- 
tary ftreams,  is  equal  in  goodnefs  to  any 
in  N.  America.  This  river  is  navigable 
to  St.  Anthony's  Falls  without  any  ob- 
•ftruftion,  and  fome  travellers  defcribe 
it  as  navigaWe  above  them.  On  both 
fides  of  this  river  are  ftlt  fprings  or  licks, 
which  produce  excellent  fait ;  and  on  its 
branches  are  innumerable  luch  I'prings. 
Befides  the  coal  mines  in  the  upper 
parts  of  tihe  Ohio  country,  there  arc 
great  quantities  of  coal  on  the  upper 
branches  of  this  river.  Some  account 
of  the  valuable  produdtions  on  the  banks 
of  this  majeftic  river,  and  the  lands 
which  its  branches  water,  will  be  feen 
under  t"he  defoription  of  Louifiana, 
Weft-Florida,  Tenneflee,  Georgia,  &c. 
&c.  An  ifland  of  confiderable  fize  is 
formed  by  its  moutlis,  befides  many 
fmaller  ifles.  Thefe  mouths  are  (itu- 
ated  between  the  latitude  of  49*  and 
30°  N.  and  between  the  longitude  of 
89"  and  90°  W. 

Missouri  Bsvery  in  Louifiana,  falls 
into  tJie  Miflifippi  from  tlae  weftward, 
18  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illi« 
nois,  195  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio, 
and  about  1160  miles  from  the  Balizu 
or  mouths  of  the  Miflifippi  in  the  gulr 
of  Mexico.  We  have  not  fufficient 
knowledge  of  this  river  to  give  any  cor- 
rect account  of  the  extent  of  its  naviga- 
tion. In  Ca,ot.  Hutchins's  map,  it  is 
laid  to  be  navif^able  1300  miles. 

MissooRib,  one  of  the  Indian  na- 
tions who  inlmlJt  the  banks  of  the  above 
river,  having,  it  is  faid,  1500  warriors. 

Mistake  Bay.,  a  large  bay  on  the 
wefl:  fide  of  the  entrance  of  Davis's 
Straits,  and  to  the  north  of  Hudfon's 
Straits  ;  ftoni  which  it  is  feparated  by  a 
peninl'ula  of  the  north  main  on  the  W. 
and  Refolution  Ifland  on  the  fouth.  It 
is  to  the  N.  E.  of  Nieva  Ifland,  and  N« 
W.  of  Cape  Elizabeth. 

Mistaken  Cape,  the  fouth  point  of 
the  \,uft«ramoit  ot  th€  Hermit's  Iflands, 

is 


;    Hi 


I'  i  ■  ■^ 


I  I' 


.  m 


W::l 


ii'ili'  ! 


MOB 

>a  about  3  Icitgues  ]^.  N.  £.  fiota,  Cape 
Horn,  at  tlie  extremity  of  S.  America. 
Between  thefe,  it  is  luppofed,  there  is  a. 
paflage  into  Kloliau  Bay. 

MisTAKEM  Pcfnt,  to  the  weftward 
of  Cape  R^ce,  at  tlie  S.  E.  poipt  of  the 
Illand  of  Newfoundland,  and  to  the 
caftwwd  of  Cape  Pine,  is  fo  caJled  be- 
caufe  it  has  ttun  frequently  miftaken 
\>y  leatten  for  Cape  Race  when  they 
iirft  make  the  ifland  from  the  fonth- 
ward,  though  it  is  » leagues  W.  N,  W. 
from  it. 

Ml  STIC,  or  Myjlic,  a  fliort  river 
which  falls  into  the  north  fide  of  Bof- 
ton  harbour,  by  a  broad  mouth  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Charleftown. 
It  Is  navig-ible  for  floops  4  miles  to  the 
induftrious  town  of  Medtbrd ;  and 
is  eroded,  a  mile  above  its  mouth,  by  a 
{bridge  130  rods  in  length,  through 
'Vrhich  veilels  pal's  by  means  of  a  draw. 

MisTiNSiNS]^  an  Indian  nation  who 
inhabit  on  the  loulhern  fide  of  the  lake 
of  the  fame  name  in  Lower  Canada. 

M I  s  T I  s  s  I N  M  V  i^'7<^*  in  Canada,  on  the 
S.  £.  (ide  of  which  is  a  Canadian  ^ouie, 
or  i^ation  for  trade, 

MiTCW  ell's  Eddyithc  firft  falls  of 
ijvlernmack  river,  ao  milqs  from  its 
mouth,  and  8  above  the  new  bridge 
v/liich  connects  Haverhill  with  Brad- 
lord.  Thus  far  it  is  navigable  for  Ihips 
of  Ijuiden, 

Mi  T  c  H I G  A  M  A  s ,  an!  ndian  nation,  who 
wun  i.he  Fioiias  inhabit  near  thefettle- 
pientsin  the  Illinois  country.  StcPiorias. 

Mc  A  c,  ^  s  Ijlandsi  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
S.  Amonca,  iaihe  entrance  of  the  Gulf 
pf  Vci.ezjeia.  They  extend  from  N. 
to  S.  and  lie  weft  of  the  Ifland  of  Aru- 
pa  ;  are  8  or  9  in  number,  and  all,  ex- 
cepc  one,  low,  flat  and  full  of  trees. 
Tlic  fouihemmoli  is  tlie  largeft, 

MoEiL.i;,  a  largo  navigable  river, 
foimed  by  tv/o  mam  branches  the  Ala- 
b;.iiui,  and  Tombeckbee,  in  the  fou'Ji- 
v^iltcrn  part  of  Georgiajuft  below  a  con- 
fideiable  ifland,  the  ibuth  point  of  which 
is  in  about,  lat.  31°  a6'  N.  and  long.  87" 
5  j'  VV.  Tlienco  purfuing  a  fouth  courfc 
into  Wcft-Floiida,  the  confluent  ftr^am 
tnters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  Mobile 
foiut  in  lat.  30°  17'  N.  11  leagiies  beiov/ 
the  town  of  Mobile,  Large  veffels 
cannot  go  within  7  miles  of  the  town. 
The  breadth  of  the  bay  is  in  general^ 
about  3  or  4  leagues.  Vaft  numoers  of 
Jarj^e  ailigators  baflc  on  the  lliores,  as 
vxu  as  hs'iin  in  the  rivers  and  lagoons. 


M  0  H 

See  Gfi»-gia,  jl/aiama,  Tomhcik^t  &c. 
From  the  north-eaftern  fourcc  of  the 
waters  of  the  Alabama  to  MoUle  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  Bay,  is,  accorcU 
ing  to  the  ht&  maps,  about  460  miles : 
large  boats  can  navigate  350  miles,  and 
canoes  much  farther. 

Mobile,  a  city  of  Weft-Florida, 
formerly  of  confiderable  fplendor  and 
import.inc?;but  now  in  a  ftate  of  decline. 
It  IS  pretty  regular,  of  an  oblong  figure, 
and  utuated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  nver. 
TIk  Bay  of  Mobile  terminates  a  little! 
to  the  north-eaftward  of  the  town,  in  a 
Dumber  of  marlhes  and  lagoons  ;  which 
fubjeA  the  people  to  fevers  and  agues 
in  the  hot  feafon»  It  is  33  mil':s  north 
of  Mobile  point,  about  40  below  the 
junftjoa  of  th^  two  principal  branches 
of  Mobile  river,  and  30  W.  N.  W.  of 
Pcnfacola.  There  are  many  very  elegant 
houfes  here,  inhabited  by  French,  En- 
glifli,  Scotchi  and  Irifh.  Fort  Conde, 
which  ftands  very  near  the  bay,  to- 
wards the  lower  cikI  of  the  town,  is  a 
regular  fortrefs  of  brick  ;  and  there  is  a 
neat  I'quare  of  barracks  for  the  officers 
and  foldiers.  Mobile,  when  in  poflef- 
fion  of  the  Britifti,  fent  yearly  to  Lon- 
don flcins  and  furs  to  the  value  of  from 
I  a  to  £11;  ,000  fterling.  It  fun  endered 
to  the  Spanifh  forces  in  1780. 

Mob  JACK  £a^,  fets  up  N.  W.  from 
Chelapeak  Bay,  into  GloUcefter  county, 
Virginia,  on  the  north  fide  of  York 
river. 

Mo  CO  A,  a  city  of  Terra  Fir  ma,  S. 
America,  fituated  at  the  main  fource  of 
Oronoko  river,  there  called  Inirchia. 

MocoMOKo,  or  Liti/e  Oronoio,  a 
liver  to  tlie  S.  li.  of  die  great  river  Oro- 
noko,  on  the  fall  coaft  of  S.  America, 
4  leagues  weltward  of  Araacum. 

Mode  a  and  Daughter t  IJlavdst  a 
long  ifland  a  leagues  eaft  by  fouth  of 
tlic  Fatlicr,  or  Vaader  liland,  with  % 
iinall  ones,  fo  called,  near  Cayenne,  on 
tlie  eaft  coaft  of  S.  America,  not  far 
from  the  Conilables,  and  in  about  lat. 
5°N.  long.  5a°W. 

MOGHUI-BUGHKITUM,     Or    Muhul' 

iucktitum,  a  creek  which  runs  weftward 
to  Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylvauia.  It 
is  pafl'able  in  flat-bottomed  boats  to  tlie 
fetdements  in  Northumberland  county. 
Wheeling  is  its  northern  branch. 

Mohawk  River^  in  New- York,  rifes 
Vj  the  nortliward  of  Fort  Stanwix,  about 
8  miles  from  Black,  or  Sable  river,  a 
water  of  Lake  Oi^itario,  and  runs  fouth-^ 

\yardly 


In     f 


m>  ;r 


M  O  H 

wardly  to  miles  to  the  fort,  then  caft- 
y/ard   no  miles,  and  after  receiving 
many  tributary  ftreams,  falls  into  Hud- 
fon  nver,  by  three  moutlis  oppofite  to 
the  cities  of  Lanfinburgh  and  Troy, 
from  7  to  lo  miles  N.  of  Albany.    The 
produce  that  is  conveyed  down  this  riv- 
er, is  landed  at  Scheneftady,  on  its  S. 
bank,  and  is  thence  conveyed  by  land  16 
miles,  over  a  barren,  fandy,  fhrub  plain 
to  Albany.    It  is  in  contemplation  either 
to  cut  a  canal  from  Schtiiedady  to  the 
pavigable  waters  of  Hudfon  river,  or 
to  cltablifh  a  turnpike  road  between 
^chene(f\ady  and  Albany.      This  fine 
river  is  now  navigable  for  boats,  from 
Schenedhidy,    nearly   or    quite  to  its 
foiuce,  the  locks  and  canals  round  the 
Little  Falls,  56  miles  above  Albany, 
Jiaving  been  completed  in  the  Autumn 
of  1 795  ;  fo  that  boats  full  loaded  now 
pais  them.    The  canal  round  dicm  is 
nearly  ^  of  a  mile,  cut  almoll  the  v/hole 
diitance  through  an   uncommonly  liard 
rock.    Tlie  opening  of  tliis  navigation 
is  of  great  advantage  to  the  commerce 
of  the  State.    A  fhorc  of  at  Icaft  1000 
niiles  in  length,  is,  in  confequence  of  it, 
wafhed  by  boatable  waters,  exclulive  of 
^1  the  great  lakes,  and  many  millions  of 
acres  of  excellent  tillage  land,  rapidly 
fettling,  are  accommodated  with  water 
communication  for  conveying  their  pro- 
duce to  market.     The  intervales  on 
poth  iides  of  this  river,  are  of  various 
width,  and  now  and  then  interrupted 
by  the  projedlion  of  the  hills  quite  to 
the  banks  of  the  river,  are  fome  of  the 
richeil  and  bell  lands  in  the  world.  The 
fine  farms  which  embrace  tbefe  inter- 
vales, are  owned  and  cultivated  princi- 
pally by  Dutch  people,  whofe  mode  of 
managing  them  would  admit  of  great 
improvement.     The  manure  of  tlieir 
burns  they  confider  as  a  nuifance,  and 
inllcad  of  fpreading  it  on  their  upland, 
which  they  liiink  of  httle  value,  (their 
meadow  lands  do  not  require  it)  they 
either  let  it  remain  tor  years  in  heaps, 
and  remove  their  barns,  when  accefs  to 
them  becomes  difficult,  or  el£e  throw  it 
into  the  river,  or  the  gullies  and  ftreams 
-^vhich  communicate  with  it.    The  banks 
of  this  river  were  formerly  thickly  li;t- 
tled  with  Indians.    At  the  period  when 
Albany  was  full  fettled,  it  has  been  faid 
l)y  reipedable  authority,  that  there  were 
800  warriors  in  Schenedady ;  and  that 
^00  Vi/arriors  lived  within  a  I'pace  wliich 
ju  now  occupied  ms  one  iarm.    The 


M  0  K 

Cohocz  in  this  river  arc  a  great  curiofityii^ 
They  are  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  Hudfon.  The  river  is  about  ioo« 
feet  wide ;  the  rock  over  which  it  pours, 
as  over  a  mill-dain,  extends  from  S.  W. 
to  N.  E.  almofl  in  a  line  from  one  fide 
of  the  river  to  the  other,  and  is  about 
40  feet  perpendiculax"  height,  and  in- 
cluding die  dcfcent  above,  the  fall  is  as 
mucii  as  60  or  70  feet.  About  a  mile 
below  the  falls,  is  a  handlbme  bridge, 
finifhed  in  July,  1795.  It  is  1100  teet 
in  length,  24  m  breadth,  and  15  fee); 
above  ihe  b(?d  of  the  river,  which  for 
the  molt  part  is  rock,  and  is  fupported 
by  thirteen  folid  Itone  pillars.  It  is  a 
free  bridge,  and  including  the  expenfe 
of  cutting  through  a  ledge  on  die  N.E, 
fide  of  the  river,  coll  iz,ooo  dollars. 
The  river  immediately  below  the  biidge, 
divides  into  three  branches,  which  form 
fevera!  large  iil.iuds.  T'le  branches  are 
tordable  at  low  water,  but  are  dangerous,^ 
From  the  bridge  you  have  a  fine  view  o£ 
the  Cohoez  on  the  N.  'VV. 

MofiAWK,  a  branch  of  Delaware 
river.  Its  courfe  from  its  fpurce  ia 
Lake  Uttayantha  is  S.  W.  45  miles, 
thence  S.  E.  la  miles,  when  it  mingles 
with  the  Popachton  branch  ;  thence  the 
confluent  llream  is  called  Delaware. 

Mohawk,  ^  town  on  the  S.  fide  of 
the  river  of  its  name,  in  Montgomery 
county,  New-York,  fituated  in  one  of 
the  moft  fertile  countries  in  the  world. 
It  vvas  abandoned  by  the  Mohawk  In- 
dians in  the  i'pring  of  1780,  See  Hunter 
Fort,  The  townlhip  is  bounded  north- 
erly by  Rlohawk  river,  eafterly  and 
fouthcrly  by  Albany  county.  In  1790, 
it  contained  4440  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 1 1 1  (laves. 

ivloHAWKs,  an  Indian  nation,  ac- 
knowledged by  die  other  tribes  of  the 
Six  Nations  to  be  *'  the  true  old  heads  of 
the  confederacy."  They  were  former- 
ly  very  powerful,  and  inhabited  on  Mo- 
hawk river.  As  they  were  llrongly  at- 
tached to  the  Johnfon  family,  on  account 
of  Sir  ^iluam  Johnfon,  a  part  of  them 
emigrated  to  Canadi  with  Sir  John 
Johnfon,  as  early  as  the  year  1776. 
About  300  of  tliis  nation  now  refide  iti 
Upper  Canada.  See  Hunter  Fort  and 
■S;'.v  Nations. 

Mohboam,  fituated  between  Nor- 
wich and  New-London,  in  Conneflicut, 
This  is  die  relidence  ot  the  remains  0$ 
the  Mohegan  tribe  of  Indians.  A  con- 
liderable  par(  of  the  /emains  of  thu; 

tribe 


lii 


-,;4P 


r-1 


«■  ill'  'i 


¥J. 


MO  L 

tribe  lately  removed  to  Oneida  with  the 
3ate  Mr.  Occoin.    See  Brothertoivn. 

MoHiccONj,  ttribe  of  Indians  who 
inhabit  on  a  branch  of  the  Sul'quehannah, 
■between  Chagnet  and  Owegy.  They 
■were  reclioned  by  Hutchins,  about  30 
years  ago,  at  100,  but  by  Imlav,  in  1 7  7.?, 
at  only  70  fighting  men.  They  were 
formerly  a  confederate  tribe  of  the  Del- 
awares.  Alfo  an  Indian  tribe,  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  who  inhabit  near  San- 
<iuilcy,  and  betweeti  the  Sciota  and  M uf- 
iuuguni ;  warriors,  60. 

MoiNs, a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
€nipties  from  the  N.  W.  into  the  Milfi- 
iixvpi,  in  lat.  40  zo  N.  The  Sioux  In- 
dians dcfcend  by  this  river. 

MoisiE  Rjver,  on  the  N.  Hiore  of 
<he  St.  Lawrence,  is  about  3  leagues  W. 
i>.  W.  of  Little  Saguena  river,  from 
which  to  the  W.  N.  W.  within  the 
Seven  Iflands,  is  a  bay  fo  called  frona 
thcfe  illands. 

Mole,  The,  is  fituated  in  the  N.  W. 

{)art  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  a 
eagues  E.  of  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  and  is 
often  called  by  that  name.  The  Mole, 
chough  inferioj-,  by  a  great  deal,  to 
Cape  Francois  and  Port  au  Prince,  is 
the  firft  port  in  the  ifland  for  lafcty  in 
time  of  war,  being  ftrongly  fortified 
both  by  nature  and  art.  Count  D'Ef- 
taing,  under  whofe  dire(5tion  thefe  works 
were  conftrudted,  intended  to  have  eltab- 
Jifhed  here  the  feat  of  the  French  gov- 
•crnnient ;  but  tJie  produiR^ions  of  its  de- 
pendencies were  of  too  little  value  to 
engage  his  fucceflbrs  to  carry  his  plan 
into  effedt ;  io  that  it  is  now  no  more 
than  a  garrifon.  It  has  a  beautiful  and 
iafe  port,and  is  confidered  as  the  healthi- 
ell  {ituation  in  St.  Domingo,  by  realbs 
of  the  purity  of  its  fprings.  The  ex. 
ports  from  Jan.  i,  1 789  to  December  3  r, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  only  465,6151b. 
cofFee — j6,86ilb.  cotton — a,8a3lb.  indi- 
go, and  other  ImaK  articles  to  the  value 
of  139  livres.  The  value  ©f  duties  on 
exportation  1,450  dollars  21  cents.  It 
is  4  leagues  W.  of  Jean  Rabel,  n  N. 
W.  of  Bombarde,  36  W.  of  Cape  Fran- 
cois, and  i7i  W.  by  S.  of  Port  de  Paix. 
N.lat.  19  50,  W.  long.  75  48. 

Moline's  Guty  on  the  S.  W.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrittopher's  in  the 
W.  Indies,  is  the  firft  rivulet  to  the  S. 
E.  of  Brimftone  Hill,  near  the  mouth  of 
which  is  anchorage  in  5  and  10  fathoms, 
and  a  clear  fliore  ;  but  to  the  eailward 
of  it  are  fome  Aiokcu  rocks*  >.  - 


MOW 

Mo  MA,  or  La  Gnnton,  Or  The  Mont, 
a  fmall  ifland,  ii*  leagues  S.  W.  of 
Point  rEpee,  which  is  die  fouth-weft- 
ernmoft  point  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, and  14I  leagues  W.  of  the  S. 
W.  point  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Ricoi. 
It  is  2  leagues  from  E.  to  W.  and  a  lit- 
tle ■more  from  N.  to  S.  R  has  feveral 
ports  for  fmall  veflels,  plenty  of  good 
water,  and  all  that  would  be  neceflary 
for  fettlements  of  culture,  and  the  breed- 
ing of  cattle.  Its  fruit  trees,  and  par- 
ticularly the  orange,  arc  much  extolled. 
A  league  and  a  half  N.  W.  of  Mona  is 
a  very  fmall  ifland,  called  Monique,  or 
the  Little  Monkey. 

MoNADNOCK,  Greats  a  mountain 
fituated  in  Chcfliire  co.  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  between  the  towns  of  Jaffray  and 
Dublin,  10  miles  N.  of  the  Maflachu- 
fetts  line,  and  a»  miles  E.  of  Connedticut 
river.  The  foot  of  tire  hill  is  1395  feet, 
and  its  fummit  3454  feet,  above  the  level 
of  the  fea.  Its  bale  is  5  miles  in  diame- 
ter from  N.  to  S.  and  3  from  E.  to  W. 
On  the  fides  are  fome  appearances  of 
fubterraneous  fires.  Its  lumrait  is  a 
•bald  rock. 

MoNADNOCK,  Vpper  Great.,  a  high 
mountain,  in  Caraan,  in  the  N.  E.  cor- 
ner of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

MoNAHAN,a  townlhip  in  York  co. 
Peanfylvania. 

Monday  Bas^  on  the  S.fhore  of  the 
ftraits  of  Magellan,  in  that  part  of  the 
ftraits  called  the  Long  Beach,  and  4 
leagues  W.  of  Piflpot  Bay.  It  is  near- 
ly S.  of  Buckley  Point,  on  the  N.  fide 
of  the  ftrait,  and  affords  good  anchor- 
age in  »o  fathoms. 

Monday,  a  cape  in  the  above  Straits, 
7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Cape  North.  6. 
lat.  53  14,  W.  long.  75  4o. 

MoNGON,  OB  the  coaft  of  Peru,  on 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  10  leagues  N.  of 
the  harbour  of  Guarmey,  and  4  leagues 
from  Bermejo  Ifland,  which  lies  between 
the  former  places.  Cafma  is  4  leagues 
N.  ofit.  Mongon  is  known  at  fea  by  a 
great  mountain  juft  over  it,  which  is 
feen  fartlier  thaa  any  others  on  this  part 
of  the  coalt. 

Mongon,  Cape^  on  the  S.  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  3000  fathoms 
N.  of  Point  Bahoruco  and  the  river  N». 
yauco,  and  nearly  S.  of  the  little  part 
of  Petit  Trou. 

Monhegan,  ox  Menhegafit  a  frnall 
ifland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  11  miles 
fouth-eaiterly  of  Teinaquid  Point,  in 

Lincola 


■s 


MtyN 

fjaeoLft  CO.  DiftriA  of  Maine,  and  in  lat. 
43  A».  North  of  it  are  a  number  of 
fmall  ifles  at  the  mouth  of  St.  George's 
river.  Captain  Smith  landed  his  party 
here  in  1614.  The  chimneys  and  re- 
mains of  the  houfes  are  yet  to  be  feen. 

MoNETOO  ///tf«/j,intlie  N.W.  Ter- 
ritory, lie  towards  the  E.  (idc  of  Michi- 
gan Lake,  towards  its  N.  end,  and  fouth- 
ward  of  Beaver  Iflands. 

MoNKTON,  a  townfhip  in'  Ad'  ifon 
county,  Vermont,  E.  of  Ferrifburg,  and 
contains  450  inhabitants. 

MONKTON^  a  townfbip  in  AnnapoHs 
county,  Nova-Scotia,  inhabited  by  Aca- 
dians,  and  a  few  families  from  New- 
England.  It  lies  partly  on  the  bafon  of 
Annapolis,  and.  partly  on  St.  Mary's 
Bay,  and  eonfiiis  chiefly  of  wood-land 
and  fait  marih.-  k  contains  about  60 
families. 

MONCLOVA,  a  lOwiv  ol'  New-Leon, 
N.  America,  fituated  S.'  E.  of  Conchos. 

Monmouth,  a  large  maritime  coun- 
ty of  New-Jerfey,  of  a  triangular  fhape, 
80  miles  in  length,  and  from  25  to  40  in 
breadth ;  bounded  north  by  part  of  Ra- 
ritan  Bay,  N.  W.  by  Middlefex  co. 
S.  W.  by  Burlington,  antl  E.  by  the 
ocean.  It  is  divided  into  6  townmips, 
and  contains  16,918  inhabitants,  inclu- 
ding 1596  flaves.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
ty 18  generally  level,  having  but  few 
hills.  The  moft  noted  of  thefe  are  the 
high  lands  of  Navefmk  and  Centre-Hill. 
See  Middletonvn.  A  great  part  of  die 
county  is  of  a  fandy  foil ;  but  other 
parts  are  fertile.  There  is  a  very  curi- 
ous cave,  now  in  ruins,  at  the  mouth  of 
Navelink  river,  30  feat  lone  and  15 
wide,  and  contains  three  arched  apart- 
Hwnts. 

MoN  MOW  T  H^ox  Frteh<^dt  a  poft-town 
of  New-Jerfey,  and  capital  of  the  ivbove 
CO.  (ituated  %i  miles  N.E.  by  £. of  Allen- 
town,  34  €aft  of  Trenton,  14  S.  W.  by 
S.  of  ^rewfbupy,  and  64  N.  E,  by  E. 
of  Philadelphia,  tt  contains  a  court- 
^oufe  and  gaoi»  and  a  few  compacft 
dwelliflg-houfes.  This  town  is  remark- 
able for  the  battle  fought  within  its  lim- 
its on  the  ayth  of  June,  i778»  between 
the  armies  of  General  Waihington  and 
Sir  Henry  Clinton.  The  latter  having 
evacuated  Philadelphia,  was  on  his 
inarch  to  New-York.  The  lofs  of  the 
Americans,  in  killed  and  wounded,  was 
about  250 ;  that  of  the  Britiih,  inclufiye 
»f  prifoners,  was  about  350,  The  Brit- 
ish pucfued  their  raarcli  the  night  after, 


MON 

without  the  lofs  of  their  covering  p^ttf 
or  baggage.    See  Freehold, 

MoNivrouTH,  a  fmall  poft-town  in' 
Lincoln  co.  (ituated  on  the  eaft  (ide  of 
Androfcoggin  river,  15  nniles  W.  by  S. 
of  Hallowell  court-houfe,'  5  wefterly  of 
Winthrop,  10  N.E.  by  N.  of  Greene, 
49  N.  of  Portland,  and  180  N.  by  E.  of 
Bofton. 

MoNMOVTH  Capt,  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  about  halfway 
from  the  fouthern  entrance  of  the  fccoiid 
Narrows  to  the  fouth-eaft  angle  of  ther 
itraits  oppofitc  to  Cape  Forward. 

Monmouth  Ijlandf  one  of  the  4  ifl- 
ands of  Royal  Reach,  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  and  tlie  fecond  from  the  weft- 
ward. 

MoNOCACY,  a  river  whidi  after  a 
S.  S.  W.  courfe,  empties  into  the  Pa- 
towmac,  about  50  miles  above  George- 
town. 

MoNONGAHELA  Rhcr,  a  branch  tjf 
the  Ohio,  is  400  yards  v/ide'at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Alleghany  at  Pittfourp. 
It  is  deep,  gentle  and  navigable  widi 
batteaux  and  barges  beyond  Red  Stone 
Creek,  and  ftill  further  with  lighter 
craft.    It  rifes  at  the  foot  of  the  laurel 
Mountain  in  Virginia,  thence  meander- 
ing in  a  N.  by  E.  diredlion,  paffes  into 
Pennfylvania,  and  receives  Cheat  river 
from  tlie  S.  S.  E.  thence  winding  in  a 
N.  by  W.  courfe,  feparates  Fayette  and 
Wcftraoreland  from  Wafliingtbn  coun- 
ty, and  pairing  into  Alleghany  county, 
joins  the  Alleghany  river  at  Pittfhurg 
and  forms  the  Ohio.    It  is  300  yards 
wide  I  a  or  15  miles  from  its  mouth; 
where  it    receives    the    Youghiogany 
from  the  foutheaft,  which  is  navigable 
with  batteaux  and  barges  to  the  foot  -of 
Laurel  hill.    Thence  to  Red  Stone,  at 
Fort  Byid,  by  water  is  50  miles,  by 
land  30.   Thence  to  the  mouth  of  Cheat 
river,  by  water  40  miles,  by  land  a8  | 
the  width  continuing  at  300  yards,  antj 
the  navigation  good  for  boats.   Thence 
the  width  is  about  aoo  yards  to  the 
wettern  fork,  50  miles  higher,  and  the 
navigation  frequently   interrupted  hj 
rapids ;  which,  however,  with  a  fweU 
of  a  or  3  feet,  become  very  pafTable  for 
boats.    It  then  admits  lignt  boats,  ex- 
cept in  dry  feafons,  65  miles  furtlier,  to 
the  head  of  Tygart's  Valley,  prefentiny 
only  fomefmair  rapids  ana  falls  of  one 
or  a  feet  perpendicular,  and  leflening  is 
its  width  to  20  yards.    The  weflera 
fork  is  oaYigable  in  the  wiDter,  toward* 

the 


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Hie  northern  branch  of  the  Little  Kanha- 
■way,  and  will  admit  a  good  waggon  road 
to  it.  From  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
fouth-eafternmoft  branch  of  the  Monon- 
pahela,  there  is  a  portuge  of  lo  miles  to 
the  fouth  branch  of  Patowniac  river. 
The  hills  oppofite  Pittlburg  on  the 
banks  of  this  river,  which  are  at  leail 
300  feet  high,  appear  to  be  one  folid 
bodv  of  coal.  On  the  Pike  Run  of  this 
river,  a  coal  hill  has  been  on  fire  10 
■years ;  yet  it  has  burnt  away  only  »o 
"yards. 

MoNONoAMA,  a  county  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Virginia,  about  40  miles  long 
and  JO  broad,  and  contains  4,768  inhab- 
itants ;  including  1^4  Haves. 

MoNTOx,  a  city  of  Terra  Firni^, 
about  75  miles  8.  E.  by  E.  of  Tolu. 

MoNSEAO  Ray,  in  Lincoln  county, 
Difttid  of  Maine,  is  feparated  from 
Shcepfcut  river,  by  the  ifland  of  Jere- 
myfquam. 

MoNSON,  a  townfliip  in  Hampftiire 
county,  Mafrachufetts,  E.  of  Brimfield, 
and  80  miles  fouth-weft  by  weftof  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1760,  and 
contains  1.^31  inhabitants;    . 

MoNsiEs,  the  third  tribe  in  rjtnk  of 
the  Delaware  nation  of  Indians. 

MoNTAGUK,  a  townfhip  in  Hanip- 
fliire  CO.  Mafl'achufetts,  on  the  E;  bank 
of  Connefticut  river,  between  Simder- 
land  and  Wendel,  about  18  miles  north 
*)f  Northampton,  and  97  miles  weft  by 
north  of  Boftori.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1 753 J  and  contains  906  inhabitants. 
A  company  was  incorporated  in  1792 
to  build  a  bridge  over  the  river  here, 
^he  work  has  not  yet  been  conToleted. 

MoNTAGi/E,  the  northernmou  town- 
liiip  in  New-Jerfey,  is  fituated  in  Suflex 
to.  ori  the  eaft  fide  of  Delaware  river, 
about  5  miles  N.  E.  of  Minifink,  and  17 
north  of  Newtown.  It  contains  543  in- 
habitants, including  aj  flaves. 

Montague,  the  largeftof  the  fmall 
iflands  in  Prince  William's  Sound,  on 
the  N.  W.  Coaft  of  North-America. 

Mr)}}rAVK  Point,  the  eaftern  extrem- 

5'ty  of  Long-1  fland*  New-York.  A  traft 
lere,  called  Turtle  Hill,  has  been  ceded 
♦.o  the  IT.  States  for  the  purpol'e  of  build- 
ing a  liji;ht-houfe  thereon. 

Monte  Chrijl,  a  cape,  bay,  town, 
and  river,  on  t!ic  north  fide  pl'  the  illand 
of  St.  Domingo.  The  cape  is  a  very 
high  hill,  in  the  form  of  a  tent,  called 
by  the  Frcncli,  Cai^e  '^  Grange,  or  Barn. 
It  is  i*tu4ted  ih  kt.  19  54  3?  N.  and  in 


Mom 


lone.  74  0  .30  W.  of  Paris, 
level  land  joins  it  to 


A  ftrip  of 

the  territory  of 
Monte  Chrift,  and  it  is  owing  to  this 
that  the  cape  has  been  taken  for  an  ifl- 
and. It  is  14  leagues  N.  E.  by  E.  of 
Cape  Francois,  where  it  may  be  feen  iii 
a  clear  day,  with  the  naked  eye.  After 
doubling  this  cape,  we  find  the  bay  of 
Monte  Chrifl  runhing  nearly  S.  W. 
It  is  formed  by  Cape  la  Grange,  on  one 
fide,  and  Pointe  des  Dunes  (Down  Point) 
on  the  other }  about  6,500  fathoms  afun- 
der.  The  bay  is  aboiit  1,400  fathoms 
deepi,  and  its  wmding  is  nearly  4  leagues. 
About  900  fathoms  from  the  cape,  de- 
fcending  the  bay,  we  find  the  little  ifl- 
and  of  Monte  Chrift,  350  fathoms  from 
the  fliore.  One  may  fail  between  the 
two,  with  i,  4,  and  5  fathoms  water ; 
and  about  450  fathoms  further  on,  is 
anchorage  in  from  6  to  10  fathoms.  A 
league  and  a  quarter  from  Cape  la 
Grange,  is  a  battery  intended  to  protc(5t 
a  landing  place,  of  100  fathoms  wide, 
which  is  below,  and  oppofite  the  town 
of  Monte  Chrift.  ,  The  town  of  Monte 
Chrift,  ftanding  at  800  fathoms  from  the 
fea  fide,  rifes  in  an  amphitheatre  on  the 
fide  of  the  coaft,  which  is  very  high  all 
round  tliis  bay._  The  town  is  200  fath- 
oms fquare,  which  fpace  is  divided  into 
g  parts,  cut  by  two  ftreets  mnning  front 
E.  to  W.  and  t\vo  others  from  N.  to  S. 
it  was  founded  in  1533;  abandoned  in 
1606,  and  now  but  a  poor  places  defti- 
tute  of  every  refource  but  that  of  cattle 
raifed  in  its  territory,  and  fold  to  ihe 
French.  The  to\<rn  and  territory  con- 
tain about  ^,000  fouls*  There  is  a  trif- 
ling garrifon  at  Monte  Chrift;  About 
a  league  from  the  battery,  following 
the  winding  of  the  bay,  is  the  river  of 
Monte  Chriftj  or  more  properly,  the 
river  Yaqai.  The  land  round  the  tOwn 
is  barren  and  fandy ;  and  the  rivet  con- 
tains great  numbers  of  cro'codiiles. 
Monte  Chrift  is  a  port  well  known  to 
American  fmugglers,  and  carries  on  a 
great  commerce  from  its  vicinity  to  the 
French  plantations.  In  the  time  of 
peace,  all  the  produce  of  tlie  plain  of 
Mariboux  fituated  between  Port  Dau- 
phin  and  Mancenille  Bav,  is  (hipped 
here,  and  in  a  war  between  France  and 
Britain,  it  ufcd  to  be  a^rand  market,  to 
which  all  the  French  in  the  north  part 
of  the  ifland  fent  their  produce,  and 
where  purchafers  were  always  ready. 
MoNTF.  Chrijl,  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains  which  extead  parallel  to  the  nor^ 

coaH 


Mo  2^ 


k  o  H 


IJoaft  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  from 
the  bay  of  Monte  Clnift,  to  the  bay  of 
Samana  on  the  K.  Two  large  rivers 
run  in  oppofite  direftions  along  the 
fouthern  ude  of  this  chain.  The  river 
Monte  Chrift  or  Yaq»6  in  a  \V.  Iiy  S. 
dire(5lion>  and  Yuna  river  in  an  K.  by  S. 
courfe  to  the  bay  of  Samara.  Tliey 
both  rife  near  La  Vega,  and  have  nu- 
merous branches. 

MoNTEGO  Bay  Is  on  the  N.  Hde  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  ao  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Lucci  harbourj  and  2  r  W.  of  Mardia 
Brae.  This  was  formerly  &  flouriihing 
and  opulent  town  s  it  confjlted  of  aaj 
houfcs,  33  of  which  were  capital  ftores, 
and  contained  about  600  wliite  inhabit- 
tints.  The  number  of  topfdil  vefl'els 
Which  cleared^annually  at  this  port  were 
about  150,  of  which  70  v^ere  capital 
fhips  ;  but  in  this  account  nte  included 
part  of  thofe  which  entered  at  Kingf- 
ton.  This  fine  town  was  aimoft  total- 
ly deftroyed  by  an  accidental  lire,  in 
July,  1795;  the  damage  waseftimated 
at  Aaoojooo  fterling. 

Montevideo,  a  bay  arid  towh  of 
La  Plata  or  Paraguay^  in  S.  America, 
lituated  on  the  northern  fide  of  La  Pla- 
ta river,  in  lat.  34  10  S;  It  lies  E.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  and  has  its  name  from  a 
hiountain  which  overlooks  itj  about  20 
leagues  f>om  Cape  Santa  Maria  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Plata. 

MoNtcoMRRYj  a  hew  fcounty  in 
the  Upper  diftri(5l  of  Georgia, 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Ncw- 
York^  at  firft  called  Tryon,  but  its  name 
Was  changed  to  Montgomery  in  1784, 
by  aft  or  the  Legiflature*  It  confifted 
of  II  toWnfliipsj  which  contained  48,848 
Inhabitants}  according  to  the  cenfiis  of 
1791;  Since  that  period  the  counties 
of  Herkemer  and  Otlego  have  been 
treded  out  of  it»  It  is  now  bounded 
N.  and  \V.  by  Hcrkemet,  E.  by  Sara- 
ioga,  Si  by  Schoharie,  and  S.  W;  by 
Otfego  CO.  By  tlie  State  cenfus  of  1 796, 
it  is  divided  into  8'  townlhips :  and  of 
the  inhabitants  of  thefe  3,379  ate  quali- 
fied eleftors.    Chief  town  J  j'ohnllon. 

MoNTGOMBf  Y,atowDmipihUlIlef 
CO.  New-York,  bounded  ealterly  by 
Newf-Wifidfof  and  Nefwburgh,  and  coc- 
ta'iDs  3*563  inhabitafits,  iniiluding  i^ft 
flavesi  -By  thii  Stat*  ittnfas  of  i7'o''>, 
407  of  the  inhabitants  weM  <|ualified 
«let«to^St-        '         ;. 

M6N^(SoK«sKYv«-fQf«  b  New-Yofk 
luierficMKei  m  Ok  High  L«ii4^  «>A1bs 
Da 


W.  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  on  tti6  N; 
fide  of  Popelop's  creek,  on  which  are 
fomc  ironiwork^,  oppofite  Sf.  Anthony's 
Nofe,  6  miles  S.  of  Well-Point,  and  5* 
from  New-York  city.  The  fort  is  now 
in  ruirs.  It  was  reduced  by  the  Britilh 
in  O(5>ol?er^  i777«    See  Anthony' t  Nojk. 

MoNTnoMeRY,  a  townihip  in 
Franklin  county,  Vermont.  _ 

MoNTGOMEfty,  a  townlhip  in  Hamp- 
fiiire  CO.  MafiaChufetts,  too  miles  front 
Bofton.  it  was  incorporated  in  1780, 
.ind  contains  449  inhabitants. 

MoNTGOMtRv,  a  county  in  Pcnn- 
fylrania,  33  miles  in  length,  and  17  in 
breadth,  N.  W.  of  Philad'riphil  county. 
It  is  divided  into  16  townfliipfl,  and  con- 
tains 22,^179  inhabitantsj  including  114 
/laves.  In  this  county  are  <^6  grift-mill?, 
61  faw-mills,  4  forges,  6  fulfing-milh, 
and  10  paper-mills.  Chief  town,  Nor- 
ritnwn. 

MoNTOOMERT,  a  tot^mniip  in  the 
above  county.  There  is  alio  a  townfhip 
ot  this  name  in  Franklin  countv. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  Salif- 
bury  diftrift,  N.  Carolina,  containing 
4,715  inhabitants,  including  834  flaves. 

Montgomery,  a  c6unty  of  Virgin-! 
iaj  S.  of  Botetourt  county.  It  is  about 
lob  miles  in  lengthy  and  44  in  bteadtli, 
and  cohtains  fome  lead  mines.  Chief 
town,  Chriftianfturg; 

Montgomery  Cohrt-lhttfc^  in  Vir- 
ginia, is  ?8  miles  from  Anion  court- 
houle,  46  from  Wythe  couit-houfe,  and 
/•o  from  Salifbiiry.  It  is  on  the  poit- 
road  from  Richmond  to  Kentucky.  A 
poft-«f!]ce  is  kept  here. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Mary- 
In^r^,  on  P;rtoWmac  nre?.  It  contains 
iS,oc3  inhabitants,inc!uding663o  flaver; 

Montgomery  Coi>rt-Ht>'i/l,  in  the 
above  county,  is  aS  miles  S.  E.  by  S.  of 
Frederickftown,  1 4  N.  by  W.  of  George- 
town on  the  Patowmac,  and  35  ibwh- 
weftcrly  of  Baltimore. 

Montgomery,  a  ne\r  (bounty  in 
Tenneffee  State,  Mero  diftrift.  I'hi* 
and  Robertfon  county,  are' the  territory 
formeriy  called  Tennejfei  County,  tii« 
name  of  which  ccafes  fioce  tlie  State 
has  taken  that  name. 

MONTMORJN^  a  ne^  to-Wli  on  thd 
nortli  bank  of  Ohio  rifeV,  18  ttiilc? 
beloMy  Ptttfbarg,  fitaated  on  i  beautiful 
plain,  very  feitile,  and  abounding  with 
coai. 

M*Nf  ^eiiER,  a  totiimfhi^  irt  CaJe- 
donia  eo.  Vermont, '*a  the  Hit.  fide  of 

Otuon 


r  ■ ') 


'  |:ij  i  ^^H 

1 '       '^^^1 

' '^^^H|B^^^* 

'  -11 

M  0  N 


M  0  N 


Onion  river.     It  has  ii8  inhabitHnt<i, 
and  i<*  43  miles  from  Lake  Champlain. 

MONTRFAL,  the  Iccond  city  in  rank 
in  Lower  Can;ida,  ftands  on  an  ifland 
in  tlic  river  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  10 
lea^^ucs  in  len>{th  and  4  in  breadth,  and 
has  its  name  h-om  a  very  hiuh  mountain 
alx)ut  the  middle  of  it,  wkicn  it  lecms  to 
overlook  likf  a  monarch  from  liis  throne; 
hence:  the  French  called  it  Motit-reaiw 
Royal  Mouyitain.  While  the  French 
had  jx.Hellion  of  Canada,  both  the  city 
and  illand  of  Montreal  belonged  to  pri- 
vate proprietors,  whohadimproved^hem 
fu  well  that  the  whole  idand  had  become 
a  dolighttul  fpot,  and  produced  every 
thing  that  could  adminiAer  to  the  con- 
venience of  life.  The  city,  around  .vhich 
is  a  very  good  wall,  built  by  LouiaXlV. 
of  France,  forms  an  oblong  fquare,  di- 
vided by  reftjLilarand  well  formed llreets; 
and  when  taken  by  the  Britifh,  the  hotv- 
i'cs  were  built  in  a  very  handibme  man- 
ner }  and  every  houfc  might  be  feen  at 
one  view  from  the  harbour,  or  from  the 
louthernrooft  fide  of  the  river,  as  the 
hill  on  the  tide  of  which  the  town  ilands 
falls  gradually  to  the  ^'^ter.  Montreal 
contains  about  600  houies,  few  of  them 
elegant ;  bat  fince  it  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  Britifh  io  17^0,  it  has  fuffer- 
cd  much  from  fire.  A  regiment  of 
men  are  ftationed  here,  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  place  borders  on  the  milita- 
ry. It  is  about  half  a  league  from  the 
fouth  flwre  of  the  river,  1 70  miles  fouth- 
%veft  of  Quebec,  Trois  Rivieres  being 
about  half  way  j  no  north  by  weft  of 
Crown  Point ;  308  north  by  weft  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  350  north  by  eaft  of  Niagara. 
North  lat.  45  ^5,  v/eftlong.  73  11.  See 
St.  La<wrence.  The  river  St.  I.awrence 
is  about  3  miles  wide  at  Montreal.  There 
is  an  ifland  near  the  middle  of  the  river 
oppK)lite  the  city,  at  the  lower  end  of 
■which  is  a  mill  witii  8  pair  of  ftones,  all 
kept  in  motion,  at  the  fame  time,  by  i 
wheel.  The  works  are  faid  to  have  coft 
jCiijooo  fterling.  A  large  mound  of 
ilone,  &c,  built  out  into  the  river,  ftops 
a  fufficiency  of  water  to  keep  the  mill 
in  continual  motion.  And  what  is  very 
curious,  at  the  end  of  this  mound  or 
dam.  veiTels  pafs  againft  the  ftream, 
while  the  mill  is  in  motion.  Perhaps 
there  is  not  another  mill  of  the  kind  in 
the  worU. 

Montreal,  a  river  which  runs  notth- 
caftward  into  IakeSuperior|«Q  the  iibutK* 
cm  fide  of  the  lake. 


MoNTkKAL  Bay  lies  towardi  tit 
caft  end  of  lake  Superior,  havinp  ua 
illand  at  the  north-weft  (ide  of  its  en- 
trance, and  north-eaft  of  Caribou  ifland. 

MoNTKOuiJ,  a  town  in  the  weft  part 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head 
of  tlic  Bight  of  [,cogane,  5  leagues  fouih- 
caft  of  St.  Mark,  and  15  north-weft  of 
Port  au  Prince. 

MdNTsrRK  \T,  one  of  th©  Caribhcc 
iflancis,  and  tho  inialleft  of  tlicm  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Columbus  diJLovcred 
it  in  1493.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  ^  leagues 
in  length,  iuid  as  many  in  breadth,  con- 
taining about  30,000  acres  of  land,  of 
which  almoft  jds  are  very  niountaimnis, 
or  very  barien.  The  cultivation  ol  fu- 
gar  occupies  6,oco  acres  v  cotton,  pro- 
vilion  and  pafturage  have  2,000  acres 
allotted  tor  each.  No  other  tropical  fta- 
ples  are  railed.  The  produdions  were, 
on  an  average,  from  1784  to  1788, 1,737 
hhds.  of  fiigar,  of  16  cw£.  each,  1,107 
pimcheons  of  rum,  and  475  bales  of  cot- 
ton. The  total  exports  frbm  Mont- 
ferrat  and  Nevis  in  1787  Were  in  valud 
/|274,i4i :  16:  8,  of  which  the  value 
of  713,981 :  II :  6  was  exported  to  the 
American  Stiites.  The  inhabitants  of 
Montferrat  amount  to  1,300  whites, 
and  about  10,000  negroes.  The  firft 
letders,  in  163J,  were  Iriflimen,  and  the 
prefent  inhabit.uits  are  chiefly  their  de- 
fcendants,  or  other  natives  of  Ireland 
fince  fettled  there,  by  which  means  the 
Irifli  language  is  prefervcd  there  evet> 
among  the  negroes.  The  ifland  is  fur- 
rounded  with  rocks,  and  the  riding  be- 
fore it  is  very  precarious  and  dangerous 
on  the  approach  of  a  tornado,  having 
no  haven.  It  has  only  3  roads,  viz. 
Plymouth,  Old  Harbour,  and  Ker's  Bay; 
where  they  are  obliged  to  obferve  the 
fame  methods  as  at  St.  Chriftopher's  \n 
loading  or  unloading  the  veflels.  It  lies 
30  miles  fouth-weft  of  Antigua ;  the 
fame  diftance  fonth-eaft  of  Nevis,  and 
is  fubjeiSt  to  Great-Britain.  N.  lat.  16 
47,  weft  long.  6a  n. 

MoNTSiouGE,  a  river  or  bay  in  Lin- 
coln CD.  DiftriiEt  of  Maine,  which  com- 
municates with  the  rivers  Sheepfcut  and 
Kennebeck. 

MoNTviitE,  atownflMp  in  New-Lon» 
don  CO.  Connedlicut,  about  10  miles  N. 
of  New-London  city.  It  has  %,asi  Jn- 
habititants. 

Monument  Bay,  on  the  eaft  coafl; 
jf  MaiTachufetts,  informed  by  die  bend- 
ing of  Cape  .Cod.    It  is-  fpacifHis  an4 
V. «.         convenient 


MOO 


M  O  R 


<*ywiven!cnt  for  the  protC(5tIon  of  {hip- 
ping. 

Moors,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Fayette  diftrid.  It  contains  3,770  in- 
habitants, including  371  flavca.  Chief 
town,  Alfordllon. 

Moore  Conrt'Hottfs,  in  the  above  co. 
where  a  poft-office  is  kept,  is  .18  miles 
from  Randolph  court-houle,and  40  from 
Faycttcville. 

MooREFiF-LD,  ill  New-Jcrlcy,  13 
miles  eafterly  of  Philadelphia. 

Moore  Fort,  a  place  fo  called  in  S. 
Carolina,  is  a  ftupcndous  bluff,  or  hich 
perpendicular  bank  of  earth,  on  the 
Carolina  fliore  of  Savannah  river,  per- 
haps 90  or  100  feet  above  the  common 
I'urface  of  the  water,  exhibiting  the  fin- 
■;ular  and  pleafing  Ipcdtacie  to  a  ftran- 
gcr,  of  prooigious  walls  of  parti-coloured 
earths,  chiefly  clays  and  marl,  as  red, 
brown,  yellow,  blue,  purple,  white,  &c. 
in  horizontal  llrata,  one  over  the  other. 
A  fort  formerly  ftood  here,  before  the 
ereftion  of  one  at  Augulta,  from  which 
it  ftood  a  little  to  the  north-eaft.  The 
water  now  occupies  the  fpot  on  which 
the  fort  flood. 

Moore's  Creek  is  16  miles  from 
Wilmington,  in  N.Carolina.  Here  Gen. 
;  1  ^ionald,  with  about  2,000  royalills, 
were  defeated  (after  a  retreat  of  80 
miles,  and  a  defperate  engagement)  by 
Gei),  Moore,  at  the  head  of  800  conti- 
nentals. Gen.  M'Donald  and  the  flow- 
er of  his  men  were  killed. 

MooRFiELDs,  a  pofl-town  and  the 
capital  of  Hardy  co.  Virginia,  fituated 
«n  the  eafl  fide  of  the  fouth  branch  of 
Patowmac  river.  It  contains,  a  court- 
houfe,  a  g?ol,  and  between  60  and  70 
kouf'es.  It  is  25  miles  from  Romney, 
75  from  Wincheftcr,  and  180  from  Rich- 
mond. 

Moose  River,  rifes  in  Mifinabe  lake, 
a  fliort  diflance  from  Michipicoten  riv- 
er, a  water  of  lake  Superior,  and  pur- 
fiies  a  north -eaftern  courfe,  receiving;  a- 
bout  19  miles  from  its  mouth,  a  larce 
fouth  branch,  and  empties  into  the  fouth- 
ern  part  of  James's  Bay,  N.  America,  by 
the  lame  mouth  widi  Abbitibee  river. 
Moofe  Fort,  and  a  faftory  are  iituated 
at  the  mouth  of  this  river,  N.  lat.  5116, 
weft  long.  81  5 1 ;  and  Brunfwick  Houfe 
is  on  its  weft  bank  about  lat.  50  30. 
Round  the  bottom  of  James's  Bay,  from 
Albany  Fort  and  river,  on  the  weft  fide, 
Ito  Rupert's  river  on  the  eaft  fide,  the 
woods  afford  large  timber  trees  of  vari* 


Aus  kinds,  as  oak,  afh,  befidei  the  pinf^ 
cedar,  fpruce,  &c.  Up  Moofe  river  be- 
yond Brunfwick  houfe  is  a  fall  of  50 
feet,  above  which  it  is  deep  and  naviga- 
ble for  a  great  diflance  ;  the  foil  and 
the  cHmate  above  the  fall  are  faid  to  be 
very  good. 

Moose  River,  a  fhort  ftrcam  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New-Hamplhire,  which  runs 
north-eafl  "rly  from  the  White  Moun- 
tains into  Amarifcoggin  river. 

MoosKHEAU  Lah;  or  Moofe  Pond, 
in  Lincoln  co.  Diftridl  of  Mame,  is  an 
irregular  fhaped  botiy  of  water,  which 
gives  rife  to  the  eaftern  branch  of  Ken* 
nebec  river,  which  unites  with  the  othei , 
above  Norridgewock,  about  twenty 
miles  fouth  oi  the  lake.  The  lake  is 
faid  to  be  three  times  as  large  as  Lake 
George.  There  are  very  high  moun- 
tains to  the  north  and  weft  of  the  lake  t 
and  from  thefe  the  waters  run  by  many 
channels  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 

MonsuHiLLOCK,  the  higheft  of  the 
chain  of  mountains  in  New-Ham  plhire, 
the  White  Mountains  excepted.  It 
takes  its  name  from  its  having  been  for- 
merly a  remarkable  range  for  moofe, 
and  lies  70  miles  weft  of  the  White 
Mountains.  From  its  N.  W.  fide  pro- 
ceeds  Baker's  river,  a  branch  of  Pemige- 
waffet,  which  is  the  principal  branch  of 
Merrimack.  On  this  mountain  fnow 
has  been  feen  from  the  town  of  Newbu- 
ry, Vermont,  on  the  30th  of  June  and 
,31ft  ofAugufl;  and  on  the  mo<mtains 
mtervening,  fnow,  it  is  faid,  lies  the 
whole  year. 

MoosK  Ijletnd,  on  tlie  coaft  of  the 
Diftridof  Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  Schoo- 
dick  river,  contains  about  30  families. 
On  the  fouth  end  of  this  iiland  is  ao 
excellent  harbour  fuitable  for  the  con- 
ftru<Jlion  of  dry  docks.  Common  tides 
rife  here  15  feet. 

M  OR  ANT  Ke;jt,  off  the  ifland  of  Ja- 
maica, in  the  Weft-Indies.  N.  lat.  17 
47,  W.  long.  75  3j. 

MoRANT  Pointy  the  moft  eafterly 
promontory  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
On  the  N.  fide  of  the  point  is  a  harbour 
of  the  fame  name.  From  Point  Morant 
it  is  ufual  for  fhips  to  take  iheir  depar- 
ture that  ate  bound  through  the  Wind- 
ward Paffage,  or  to  any  part  of  the  W. 
end  of  the  ifland  of  St,  Domingo.  N. 
lat.  17  58,  W.  long.  76  ic. 

Morant  Harbour,  Port,  is  about  4 
leagues  weftward  of  Point  Morant,  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Before 


I 


,  ) 


m 


we  a 

}kfhr»  tha  mouth  of  it  is  a  fniall  iilaiid, 
caJkd  Good  lilfind,  and  a  fort  on  each 
poirtt  of  the  tT'trance. 

MoRAN  r  R.:v^t;  is  z  leagues  wcftward 
of  the  weft  poini  of  Point  Mprant. 
The  land  here  forms  a  bay,  'with  an- 
cliorage  along  the  fliore, 

Mo\ena>  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Cliili, 
S.  America,  is  in  lat.  23  45  S.  and  15 
leagues  N.E.of  Cape  Oeorgt.  The  bay 
between  tJicfe  cajjes  feems  very  dcfira.ble 
to  firangtrs  to  go  in ;  but  in  aN.W,  wind 
isvery  dangerous,  bccaufe  the  wind  blows 
right  on  the  Ihore,  and  makes  a  very  hea- 
vy fea  in  the  road.  Here  is  a  very  conve- 
nient harbour,  but  excerrliogly  narrow, 
where  a  good  ihip  migiit  beciireened. 

MoRENA  Mr-'AO,  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili^  S.  America,  iii  Jat.  23  S.  and  ao 
leagues  due'S.  of  the  nordi  point  0.^  tlie 
bay  of  Atapiima. 

More,  a  townf]iip  in  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylyania. 

MoRELAND,  the  name  of  two  tpwn- 
fhips  of  Pennfylvania  j  the  one  in  Phila- 
delphia CO,  the  other  ia  ti^^t  of  Mont- 
gomery, 

Morgan  Di/lnifi,  in  N.  Caroliiia, 
is  bounded  W.hy  the  State  of  Tennef- 
fc?,andS.by  the  State  of  S.  CaroHna. 
it  is  divided  into  the  counties  of  Bu.kc, 
'VVilk'JS,  Rutherford,  Lincoln,  and  Bun- 
comb  ,  and  contains  33,392  inli^bitants, 
iniludiDE  25693  flaves, 

MuRGANT'JWN,  n  poft-town  and  the 
chief  town  of  the  above  diftrid,  is  fitu- 
ated  in  |}urL'  co.  near  Catabaw  river, 
llere  are  abc-ut  30  houfes,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol.  It  is  45  miles  from  Wilkes, 
/»6  fjtun  Llncointdwr,  ;r3  from  S.ileai, 
and  061  from  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  35  47. 
^tlOROANTOWN,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
(^iuia,  and  Ihirc-town  of  Monongalia  co. 
IS  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Monongahcla  rj>rer,  about  7  miles  S.  by 
V/.  of  the  mouth  of  Cheat  river ;  and 
contains  a  couit-houfe,  a  ftone  gaol,  and 
about  40  hcul'cf.  it  ib  30  miles  from 
Browiifville,  24  from  Union-Town,  in 
Pennfylvania,  76  Horn  Cunibcrland  in 
Maryland,  and  329  from  Philadelphia. 
Mo  »  G  4  N  8,  a  fettlcment  in  Kentucky, 
33  miles  E.  ot'Lexinjjton,  and  18  N.  E. 
i)(  Boonfborough. 

MoRQAUiA,  a  town  r)0w  laying  out 
in  Walhington  CO.  Pennfylvania,  htuat" 
(Lcl  in,  and  iilmoft  furroundcd  by  the  E. 
find  W.  braDclie''.  oi"  Chmter's  riv«r,in- 
jclutling  the  pomt  of  their  coofliu^nce ; 


road  fiom  thence  to  Wafliington.  th« 
county  town,  diftant  10  miles.  Boats 
carrying  from  a  to  300  barrels  of  flour, 
have  been  built  at  Morganza,  laden  at 
the  mill  tail  there,  and  fent  down  thp 
Chartiers  into  the  Ohio,  and  fo  to  New- 
Orleans.  By  an  aft  of  the  legiflature  of 
Pennfylvania,  the  Chartiers ^  from  the 
Ohio  upwards  as  fp  as  Morganza,  is 
declared  to  be  a  hign-way.  This  town 
is  furrounded  by  a  rich  country,  where 
numbers  of  grill  and  faw  mills  are  aU 
read]'  built ;  and  the  lands  in  its  envi- 
rons well  adaped  to  agriculture  and 
crazing  j  and  is  fpoken  of  as  a  country 
tnat  is  or  will  be  the  richeft  in  Pennfyl- 
vania. Morganza,  from  its  fituation 
and  other  natural  advantages,  muft  be- 
come the  centre  of  a  great  manufaftur- 
ing  country ;  efpecially  as  conliderable 
bodies  of  iron  ore,  of  a  fuperior  quality, 
have  been  already  difcovered  in  thqi 
neighbourhood,  and  have  been  affayed. 
The  high  wavipg  hills  in  this  country 
are,  from  the  quality  of  the  foil,  con- 
vertible  into  the  moft  luxuriant  graz- 
ing lands,  and  are  already  much  improv- 
ed in  this  way.  Thefe  hills  will  be  pe- 
culiarly adapted  to  raife  live  ftock,  and 
more  particularly  the  ^ne  long-wooled 
breed  of  iheep ;  fuch  as  that  of  the  Coti< 
wold  hills  in  £ngland»  whofe  fleece^ 
fell  for  zf.  fterling  per  pound ;  when 
others  fetch  only  i%d  or  isd.  The 
v/hfat  of  this  country  is  faid  to  weigh, 
generally,  from  6a  to  66lb.  and  Uift 
bufhel  of  g  gallons.  From  hence,  con- 
fidcrable  exports  ^re  already  made  to 
New-Orleans,  of  floiu",  bicon,  butter, 
cheefe,  cider,  and  rye  jind  apple  fpirits. 
'l"he  black  c^tdc  railed  here  are  fold  to 
the  new  fetders,  and  to  catde  merchants^ 
for  the  Philadelphia  and  Balumore  mar- 
kets ;  many  have  alfo  been  driven  to  Ni- 
agara and  Detroit,  where  there  are  fie- 
(juent  demands  for  live  llock,  which 
luiler  much  in  thofe  northern  countries, 
from  hard  winters,  failure  in  crops,  and 
other  caufes. 

Morgue  Fart^  or  F^rtaUza  de  Mor'_ 
gue,  on  the  fouth  iliore  of  the  entrance 
to  Baldivia  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili^ 
on  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  The  chan- 
nel has  from  9  to  6  fathom^. 

MoRiENNE,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  near  Miray 
Bay  from  which  it  is  feparatcdonly  by 
Cape  Brule.    It  is  9,  tolerably  deep  bay, 

MoRO  CaJI/e  is  on  the  pointer  h^adr 
lai)4  QU  t}i$  |).  il4c  of  the  channel  of  thy 

tlavaQQidii 


MO  ^ 


M  O  8 


Jfavannah,  in  the  N.  W,  part  of  the  ifl- 
aad  of  Ci^a,  nnd  is  the  firil  of  two 
{Irong  eafUes  for  the  defence  of  the 
channel  againft  the  approach  of  an  en> 
cmy'-s  (Iwps.  Jt  it  a  Itind  of  triangle, 
fortified  with  bailions,  on  which  are 
mounted  about  60  pieces  of  cannon,  34 
pounders,  Fro<Ti  the  caflle  there  aifq 
runs  a,  wail  or  line  mounted  with  1 1  long 
brafs  cannon,  36  pounders;  called,  by 
wa,y  of  eminence,  "The  twelve  Apot* 
ties :"  and  ^t  the  point,  between  the 
caftle  and  the  fea,  there  is  a  tower 
where  a  man  ftands  aj?d  gives  Cgn^s  of 
what  TdHels^ppcoach.  3ce  Htivannah, 
MoRpK{iNMEE}  or  Morot'tHfiet^  in  tl)e 
i/land  of  Mpwee,  one  of  the.  Sandwich 

i (lands,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in 
at.  ao  29  N.  and  long.  126  27  wefl. 

M.ORosqyiLi.0  Jtf^  is  tothefouth- 
ward  of  Carthagena,  on  the  coail  of  the 
Spanifh  Maip>  and  m  the  bight  of  the 
coaft  comine  out  of  Darien  Gulf)  qd 
the  eaftern  fnore. 

MoROTOi,  or  Morokoit  one  of  the 
Sandwich  Iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  about  ai  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Mo- 
wee  Ifland,  and  has  feveral  bays  on  its 
S.  and  W.  fides.  Its  W.  point  is  in  lat. 
ai  ao  N.  and  long.  157  14  W.  and  is 
computed  to  contain  36,000  inhabitants. 
It  is  7  leagues  S,  £.  Qf  Woahoo  Ifland. 

Morris,  a  county  on  the  northern 
line  of  New-Jerfey,  weft  of  Bergen  co. 
It  is  about  %s  miles  long,  and  «o  broad, 
is  divided  into  5  townlhips,  and  contains 
about  156,809  acres  of  improved,  and 
30,419  acres  of  imimproved  land.  The 
ealtern  part  of  the  county  is  level,  and 
afTords  fine  meadows,  and  good  land  for 
Indian  corn.  '1  > ,  weftern  part  is  more 
mountainous,  and  produces  crops  of 
wheal..  H*:re  are  feven  rich  iron  mines, 
and  two  fprings  famous  for  curing  rheu- 
matic and  clironic  diforders.  There 
are  alfo  a  furnaces,  two  flitting  and 
rolling-mills,  zs  forges  and  fire-works, 
3  7  faw-mills,  and  43  grift-mills ,  There 
are  in  the  county  i6,ai6  inhabitants,  of 
whom  636  are  flavcK. 

MoRRissiNA,  a  village  in  Weft-Chef- 
ter  CO.  New- York,  contiguous  to  Hell 
Gate,  in  the  Sound.  In  1790  it  con- 
tained 133  inhabitants,  of  whom  30 
were  flavcs.  In  1791,  it  was  annexed 
to  tlie  townfhip  of  Weft-Chefter. 

Moil  RisTOWN,  apollrtown  and  cap- 
ita! of  the  above  county,  is  a  handfome 
town,  and  contains  a  Prelbyterian  and 
pa^tift  church,  a  court-houfei  an  acad< 


omy,  and  about  50  compaft  houfes ;  19 
miles  N.  W.  of  Newark,  and  about  100 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  The  head-quartert 
of  the  American  array,  during  the  revc» 
lution  war,  was  frequently  in  and  about 
this  town. 

MoRRisvjLtE,  a  village  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  lituated  in  Berks  co.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Delaware  river,  one  mile  from 
Trenton,  9  from  Brifto),  and  29  from 
Philadelphia,  A  poft-ofEce  is  kept  here, 

Morris  Bay,  on  the  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  Weft-In- 
dies. It  cannot  Se  recommended  to 
:  flaps  to  pafs  this  way,  as  there  is  in  one 
place  S.  from  the  Five  Iflands  only  i 
fathoms  water.  VeiTKls  drawing  more 
than  9  feet  water  muft  not  attempt  it. 

MoRROPB,  a  town  on  the  road  be. 
tween  Quito  and  Lima,  in  S.  America. 
■  It  contains  between  70  and  80  houfes, 
containing  about  160  families,  all  In- 
dians :  near  it  runs  the  river  Pozuelos. 
the  banks  of  which  are  cultivated  and 
adorned  with  trees.  Morrope  is  a  8  or 
30  leagues  diftant  from  Sechura,  all  that 
way  being  a  fandy  plain,  the  track  con- 
tinually fhifting. 

MoRRo  Veijo.    See  5/.  Gallan. 

Mortier'8  Rocks y  on  the  S.  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  N.  lat.  47,  W. 
long.  54  55, 

MoRTO  Ijland,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
fo  called  by  the  Spaniards,  from  its 
ftriking  refemblance  to  a  dead  corpfe, 
extended  at  full  length.  It  is  alfo  call- 
ed St,  Clara.  It  is  about  5  leagues  N. 
N.  E.  from  the  river  Tumbez  ;  and  is 
a  miles  in  length,  and  a?  leagues  from 
Guayaquil. 

Morton  Buy,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Nevis,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
is  near  the  Narrows,  or  channel  between 
that  ifland  and  St.  Chriftopher's,  to  the 
N.  W.  of  which  there  is  from  3  to  8 
fathoms,  according  to  tlie  diftancc  from 
fhore. 

M0RUE8  Bay,  on  thy  fouthern  fiiore 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  fouthwuid  of 
Gafpee  Bay,  and  well  of  Bonaventura 
and  Mifcan  iflands. 

Morugo,  a  fmall  river  to  the  weft 
and  north-weft  of  the  gulf  of  EfFcquibo, 
on  the  coaft  of  Surrinam,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica. 

MohTi.,  or  Villa  del Mofe,  a  town  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  'I'abafco,  in  the 
bottom  of  Campeachy  Gulf,  to  wliicli 
fmall  barges  may  go  up.  Great  quan- 
tities of  cocoa  are  fliipped  here  for 

Spain; 


M^ 


x,  ■■  *5 


i 


^y^ 


•*:■! 


.1  I 


mm 


fipaln  ;   wH^ch  brings  a  ;»reat  many 
{loops  "and  fmall  veflels  to  the  coaft. 

Moses  Point,  a  head  or  cape  of  land, 
on  the  E.  fide  of  the  entrance  into  Bon- 
avifta  Bay,  oh  the  E."  coaft  of  New- 
foundland Ifland.  It  is  to  the  fouth. 
ward  of  the  rocks  called  Sweers,  and  5 
miles  fouth-weft  of  Cape  Bonavifta. 

MoscHKOs.    See  KrknptiT'. 

Most  FY '6,  a  place  on  Rflanoke  riv- 
er, 9  miles  below  St.  Tammany's,  and 
3  above  Eaton's.  The  produce  of  the 
upper  country  is  brought  to  thefe  places  j 
and  fent  from  thence  by  waggons  to 
Peterfbiirg  in  Virginia. 

Mos€iuJTO  Country^  a  diftridt  of 
Mexico,  having  the  North  Sea  on  the 
N.  and  E.  Nicaragua  on  the  S;  and  Hon- 
duras on  the  W.  The  natives  are  tall, 
well  made,  ftrong,  and  nimble  of  foot. 
They  are  implacable  enemies  to  the 
Spaniards,  who  maflacred  a  vaft  num- 
ber of  their  people  when  they  invaded 
Mexico,  and  will  join  with  any  Euro- 
pean  nation  againft  the  Spaniards.  They 
are  very  dexterous  in  fti  iking  iilh,  tur- 
tles and  mannaties.  Many  of  the  natives 
foil  in  Britifh  veflels  to  Jamaica. 

Mos<yjiTO  Cove,  on  the  coaft  of 
Greenland,  in  lat.  64  55,  and  long.  5a 

57  w.  .... 

Mosquito  Bay,  or  Mujkito,  is  at  the 
S.  E.  extremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrif- 
topher's,  and  on  the  larboard  fide  of  the 
channel  of  the  Narrows,  from  the  S.  W. 
going  round  llie  point  along  the  (hore, 
withm  tjie  reef  to  the  northward.  The 
coaft  is  here  lined  with  rocks,  and  at  a 
fmall  diftance  is  from  4  to  6  fatlioms, 
on  the  W.  N.  W.  fide  of  Booby  Ifland, 

MosQU  iTo,  or  Mtifiuito  Cove,  on  Uie 
VV.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and 
fouthward  of  Five  Iflands  Harboiir. 

MosmJiTo  I/land,  one  of  the  linall 
Virgin  Iflands,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  near 
the  N.  caift  of  Virgin  Gorda,  on  which 
it  is  dependent.   N.  iat.  18  45,  Vv'.  long. 

63  I.5' 

MosquiTo  Point  is  the  larboard 
point  of  the  channel  into  Port  Royal 
Bay  in  Jamaica,  where  the  powder  mag- 
azines are  fituated,  and  on  which  is  a 
battery  of  80  cuns,  for  die  defence  of 
the  channel,  which  is  here  very  narrow. 
Round  the  point  to  the  north-wefterly, 
ie  a  fjiacious  bay  or  bafon,  into  whicli 
comes  the  river  of  Spanifli-Town. 

MosciuiTO  Point,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Eflequibo,  on  the  coaft  of 
Dutch  Guiana,  S.Anlevica;  round wliich, 


M  G  tJ 

as  foon  as  fliips  are  within,  they  are  di» 
refted  to  run  S.  E.  and  then  due  S.  an4 
come  to  at!  anchor  before  the  firft  vilr 
lagc. 

Mother  Creek,  in  Kent  co.  Dela» 
ware.    See  Frederica. 

MoTTE  Ijle,  afmdl  ifland  in  Lake 
Champlain,  about  8  miles  in  length 
and  t  in  breadth,  diftant  %  miles  W. 
of  North  Hero  Ifland.  It  conftitutes  a 
townfliip  of  its  own  name  in  FrankHn  co. 
Vermont,  and  contains  47  inhabitants. 

MoucHA,  La,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  on  the  W.  coaft  of  S.  America. 

MouLTONBOROVGH,  a  poft-to^vn 
in  Strafford  co.  New-Ham pfliire,  fituated 
at  the  N.  W.  comer  of  Lake  Winnipi* 
fecgee,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Plymouth, 
and  48  N.  W.  by  N.  of  Portfmouth. 
This  townfliip  was  incorporated  in 
1777,  and  contains  565  inhabitants. 

MouLTRiB  Fort.  See  Sultivan*s 
IJlatid. 

Mount  Bethel,  Upper  andZow^r, 
two  townfliips  ji>  Northampton  county, 
Pennfylvania. 

Mount  Desert,  an  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Hancock  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine, 
about  15  miles  long  and  \%  broad.  It 
is  a  valuable  tra<ft  of  land,  interfered  in 
the  middte  by  the  waters  flowing  into 
the  S.  fide  from  the  fea.  There  are  two 
confiderabie  iflands  on  flie  fouth-eaft 
fide  of  Mount  Defert  Ifland,  called 
Cranberry  Iflands,  wliich  aflift  in  form- 
ing a  harbour  in  the  gulf  which  fets  up 
on  the  foudi  fide  of  the  ifland.  In  1 790, 
it  contained  744  inhabitants.  The 
northerly  part  of  the  ifland  was  formed 
into  a  townfliip  called  Eden,  in  1796. 
The  fouth-eafternmoft  part  of  the  ifland 
lies  in  about  lat.  44  ii  N.  On  the  main 
land,  oppolite  the  north  part  of  the  ifl- 
and, are  the  towns  of  Trenton  and  Sulli- 
van. It  is  335  miles  north-eaft  of  Bof- 
ton. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  in  Bur- 
lington  CO.  New-Jerfey,  fituated  on  the 
northern  bank  of  Ancocus  Creek,  about 
7  or  8  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Burlington. 

Mount  Hope  Bas,  in  the  north- 
eaft  part  of  Narragankt  Bay. 

MouNTHoPE,a  fmall  nver  of  Con- 
ne<fticut,  a  head  branch  of  the  Shetuck- 
et,  rifing  in  Union. 

Mount  Joli,  on  the  northern  coaft 
of  the  GuliP  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  La- 
brador. 

Mount  Ifland,  on  the  above  coaft, 
N.  lat.  JO  It  W.  long.  6x  35. 

Mov»T 


Uup! 


wm 


M  O  U 


M  O  W 


Mount  Jov,  the  name  of  two  town- 
Oups  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lan- 
cafter  the  other  in  York  co. 

Mount  Joy,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
in  Pennfylvania,  i6  miles  from  Litiz. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  townfhip  in 
Weft-Chefter  co.  New-York,  fituated 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Hudfon  river ;  bound- 
ed foutherly  by  Greenfburg,  and  north- 
erly and  eafterly  by  PhUipftmrg.  It 
contains  1,944  innabitants,  of  "'hora  175 
are  qualified  eledtors,  and  84  flaves. 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  townfliip  in  York 
ao.  Pennfylvania/ 

Mount  PtBASANT,  a  village  of 
Maryland,  (ituated  partly  in  each  of  the 
counties  of  Queen  Ann  and  Caroline, 
about  II  bmIcs  eaft  of  the  town  of 
Church  Hill. 

Mount  Tom,  a  noted  mouiitain  on 
the  weft  bank  of  Connefticut  river,  near 
Northampton.  Alfo  the  name  of  a 
mountain  between  Litchfield  and  Wafli- 
ingtOD>  in  Connedlicut. 

Mount  Vernon,  the  feat  of 
George  Washington, late  Prefident 
©f  the  tJnited  States.  It  is  pleafantly 
fituated  on  the  Virginia  bank  of  Patow- 
raac  river,  in  Fahfax  co.  Virginia,  wh^re 
the  river  is  nearly  %  miles  wide ;  o  miles 
below  Alexandria  ;  4  above  the  beauti- 
ful feat  of  tlie  late  Col.  Fail  fax,  called 
Bellevoir ;  117  from  Point  Look  Out, 
at  the  moutli  of  the  river,  and  180  miles 
from  the  fea.  The  area  of  the  mount 
is  aoo  feet  above  the  furface  of  the  riv- 
er ;  and,  after  furnifliing  a  lawn  of  five 
acres  in  front,  and  about  the  fame  in  rear 
of  the  buildings,  falls  off  ratlier  abruptly 
on  thofe  two  quarters.  On  the  north 
end  it  fublides  gradually  into  extenfive 
pafture  grounds  ;  while  on  the  fouth  it 
flopes  more  fteeply,  in  a  fliort  diftance, 
and  terminates  with  the  coach-houfe, 
ftables,  vineyard,  and  nurferies.  On 
either  wing  is  a  thick  grove  of  different 
flowering  foreft  trees.  Parallel  with 
them,  on  the  land  (ide,  are  two  fpacious 

i gardens,  into  which  one  is  led  by  two 
erpentine  eravel  walks,  planted  witli 
weeping  willows  »nd  (hady  Ihrubs.  The 
manfion  houfe  itfelf  (though  much  em- 
bellilhed  by,  yet  not  perfeftly  fatisfac- 
tory  to  the  chafte  tafte  of  the  piefent 
poffeiror)  appears  venerable  and  conve- 
nient. The  luperb  banquet  iiig-rooln  has 
been  finiHied  Once  he  rctunied  home 
from  the  army.  A  lofty  portico,  96  feet 
in  length,  fupported  by  8  pillars,  has  a 
plcaling  efie(2:  whoa  viewed  frum  Hia 


water  ;  the  whole  afl'embliip;e  of  tliB 
green-houfe,  fchool-hoiife,  offices,  and 
lervants'  halls,  when  feen  from  the  land 
fide,  bears  a  refemblance  to  a  rural  vil- 
lage ;  efpecidly  as  the  lands  on  that 
fide  are  laid  out  fomewhat  in  the  form 
of  Englifh  gardens,  in  meadows  and 
grafs-grounds,  ornamented  with  little 
copfes,  circular  dumps,  and  fingie  trees. 
A  fmall  park  on  ^ne  margin  ot  the  riv- 
er, where  the  Englifh  fallow  deer  and 
the  American  wild  deer  are  feeh  through 
the  thickets,  alternately  with  the  veiltils 
as  tliey  are  failing  along,  add  a  roman- 
tic and  pidturefque  appearance  to  the 
whole  fcenery.  On  the  oppofite  fide 
of  a  fmall  creek  to  the  northward,  an 
extenfive  plain,  exhibiting  corn-fieldi 
and  cattle  grazing,  affords  in  fummer  a 
luxuriant  landfcape  ;  while  the  blended 
verdure  of  wood-lands  and  cultivated 
declivities,  on  the  Maryland  fhore,  vari- 
egates the  proipeft  in  a  charming  man- 
ner. Such  are  the  philofopluc  (hades  ta 
which  the  Commander  in  chief  of  tha 
American  army  retired  in  1783,  at  tho 
clofe  of  a  victorious  war  ;  which  he 
again  left  in  1789,  to  dignify  with  his 
unequalled  talents,  the  highell  office  io 
the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens  ;  and  to 
which,  he  has  again  retreated  (1707) 
loaded  with  honours,  and  tlie  benenic- 
tions  of  his  country,  to  fpend  the  re-> 
mainder  of  his  days  as  a  private  citizen^ 
in  peace  and  tranquillity. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  plantation  in 
Loncoln  co.  Diftriift  of  Maine,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Sidney  and  Window, 

MowNT  Washington,  in  tlie  up- 
per part  of  the  ifland  of  New- York. 

Mount  Washington,  one  of  tha 
higheft  peaks  of  tha  White  Mountains, 
in  New-Hamplhire. 

Mount  Washington,  the  fouth- 
wefternmoft  townfhip  of  Maffachufetts, 
in  Berkfliire  co.  J50  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1779* 
and  contains  67  inhabitants. 

Mouse  Harhour,  at  tlie  E.  fide  of  the 
illand  of  St.  John's,  and  at  the  S.  W. 
angle  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  be- 
tween Eaft  Point  and  Three  rivers,  and 
goes  in  with  a  imall  creek  that  is  mod- 
erately fpacious  witiiin. 

MousoM,  a  fmall  river  of  York  co» 
Diftridt  of  Maine,  which  falls  into  the 
ocean  between  Wells  and  Arundel. 

MowtE,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Ifles, 
next  ill  laze  to,  and  N.  W.  of,  Owhy- 
liee.     A  large  bay  of  a  femicircular 

futm  i 


'  1^1 


I!  Ml 


feM 


% 


'.  '-i 


r  r' 


0: 


1 

\  •! 

li'ttfl 

II 
M 


form ;  oppoCte  to  which  are  the  iflands 
*rahoorowa  and  Morokinnee.  It  is  a- 
bout  i6i  miles  in  circumference,  and  is 
thought  to  contain  nearly  70,000  inhabit- 
ants. 

Mo Y  A  M  E  N  3 1 N  c ,  a  townflup  in  Phila- 
delphia CO.  Pertnfylvania. 

MucAROs  IJlanJ,  near  the  N.  c'oaft 
of  Cubalfland,  in  the  W.  Indies,  which 
with  Ifland  Verde,  lies  oppoCte  to  the 
Cape  Quibannano. 

Mud  jyland,  in  Delaware, river,  is  6 
or  7  miles  below  tlie  city  of  Philadel- 
phia; whereon  is  a  citadel,  and  a  fort 
not  yet  completed.  On  a  land  bar,  ? 
large  pier  has  been  erected,  as  the  foun- 
dation for  a  battery,  to  make  a  erofs 
'ire. 

Mud  Ln^ft  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
is  fmall,  and  lies  between  Seneca  and 
Crooked  Lakes.  It  gives  rife  to  a  north 
branch  of  Tioga  river. 

MuGERAS  Ijlandsy  btherwife  Called 
Men-Eaters  6r  Women-Eaters  I/lands^ 
are  10  leagues  S.  of  Cape  Catoche,  on 
the  E.  coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan* 
On  the  fouth  of  thein,  towards  the  land, 
is  good  anchorage  in  from  7  to  S  fath- 
oms, and  clean  ground; 

MuLATRE,  P.':nt,  in  the  ifland  of 
toominica,  in  the  W.  Indies*  Nj  lat. 
I5  16  weft  long  61  II. 

Mulatto  Pointy  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  S.  America  is  the  S.  cape  of  the  port 
<)f  Ancon,  16  or  18  miles  north  of  Ca- 
davaylJo  river. 

MuLGRAVF,   Porti     See  Admtralty 

Bay.    N.  lat.  67  45>  W.  long.  i6.<  9. 

MuLHEGAN  RJver,  in  Vermont,  rifes 

in  Lewis,  and  empties  into  Connecticut 

tiver,  at  Brunfwick. 

MuLLicus  RiveTf  in  New-Jerfct,  is 
finall,  and  has  many  mills  and  iron- 
Ivorkji  upon  it,  and  empdes  into  Little 
tgg  Harbour  Bay,  4  miles  eaftcrly  of 
the  to^vn  of  Leeds.  It  is  navigable  so 
Jniles  for  veffeis  of  60  tons. 

MuNCv,  a  creek  which  empticft  into 
the  Sufcfiiehannah  from  the  N.  E.  about 

£3  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Northttm- 
crland. 

MuNsiEs,  iJELA'OrAREs,  and  Sa- 
loon es,  three  Indian  tribes,  wlio  in- 
habit at  Diagho,  and  other  villages  up 
the  N.  branch  of  Sufquehannah  river, 
About  »o  years  ago,  the  two  firft  could 
furnilh  150  warriors  each,  and  the  Sa- 
poones  ■JO  warriors. 

MuRDiRERS  Creek,  in  New-York 
Jtats*  .....—   ....      .. 


MU  S 

Murfreesborou6h,  apoft-townof 
N.  Carolina,  and  capital  of  Gates  co. 
It  is  (ituated  on  Meherrin  river,  and 
contains  a  few  houfes,  a  court-houfe, 
i^aol,  and  tobacco  ware-houfe.  It  car- 
ries on  a  fmall  trade  with  Edcnton,; 
and  the  other  fea-port  towns.  It  is 
3  miles  from  Princeton,  12  from  Win- 
ton,  50  N.  by  W.  of  Edenton,  and 
42a  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

MuRGA  MoRGA  River,  on  the  coaft 
of  Chili  in  S.  America,  is  fouthward  of 
the  Si  point  of  Quinterd  Bay,  and  not 
far  from  the  entrance  into  Chili  river. 
It  is  not  ftavigable,  but  is  very  good  to 
watering 

Myscti  Bank,  at  the  entrance  into 
Trinity  Bay  or  harbovir^  in  the  dire6lion 
of  S.  W.  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland. 

Muscle  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan, in  S.  America,  is  half  way  be- 
tv/een  Elizabeth's  Bay,  and  York  Road  j 
in  which  there  is  good  anchorage  with 
a  wefterly  wind. 

MtjscLE  Bay,  or  Rkfillofics,  on  th^ 
coaft  of  Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  America,  j 
leagues  S.  by  W.  of  Atacama. 

Muscle  Shoals,  in  Tenneflec  river, 
aljout  ajo  miles  from  its  mouthy 
extend  about  20  milesj  and  derive 
their  name  from  the  number  of  fhelU 
filh  found  there.  At  this  place  th';  riv- 
er fpreads  to  the  breadth  of  3  miles,  and 
forms  a  number  of  iflands  ;  and  the  paf- 
fage  is  difficult,  except  when  there  is  a 
fwell  in  the  river.  From  this  place  up 
to  the  Whirl,  or  Suck,  where  the  river 
breaks  through  the  Great  Ridge,  or 
Cumberland  Mountain,  is  7.50  miles,- 
the  navigation  all  the  way  excellent. 

MusKodULGF,  Mtifko^egf  or  as  they 
are  more  commonly  callcdy  Creek  In-i 
dians,  inhabit  the  middle  parts  of  Geor- 
gia. The  Creek  or  Mulkogulge  lan- 
guage. Which  is  foft  and  niufical,  i? 
Ijjoken  throughout  the  confederacy, 
^although  cofidfting  of  many  nations,- 
w'-'o  have  a  fpeech  peculiar  to  tJicm- 
felvts)  as  alfo  by  their  friends  and  a!!it3 
the  Nhtchez.  The  Chicafaw  and  Ch.ic- 
taW  language,  the  Mufkogn'ges  iliy, 
is  a  dialt<5t  of  theirs.  The  Mufliogulgcs 
eminently  deferve  the  encomium  ot  all 
nation*  for  their  wifdom  and  virtue,  in 
expellirig  the  greatet^,  and  even  tlia 
commoh  enemy  of  mankind,  viz-./Jwr- 
iuaus  iiquorr.  The  firfi:  and  moit  co- 
gent  article  in  all  tlieir  treaties  with  the 
whita  people  it^  iliat  *'  thcsdihalj  not  be: 

any 


ftny  kind  of  fpiritnout  liquors  fold  or 
brought  into  their  towns."  Inftances 
have  frequcBtly  occurred,  on  the  dif- 
torery  of  attempts  to  run  kegs  of  fpirits 
into  tneir  country,  of  the  Indians  ftrik- 
ing  them  with  their  tomahawks,  and 
giving  the  liquor  to  the  thirftyfind, 
not  tafting  a  drop  of  it  themfelves.  It 
is  difficult  to  account  for  their  excellent 
t>olicyin  civil  government)  it  cannot 
derive  its  efficacy  from  coercive  laWs, 
for  they  have  no  fuch  artificial  fyftcm. 
Some  of  their  moft  favourite  fongs  and 
dances  they  have  from  their  enemies, 
the  Chaftaws }  for  it  feems  that  nation 
is  very  eminent  for  poetry  and  mufic. 
The  Mu/kogulges  aflow  of  polygamy 
in  the  utmoft  latituHp  j  every  man  takes 
as  many  wives  as  he  pleafes,  out  the  firft 
is  queen,  and  the  others  her  hand-maids 
and  afFociates^  The  Creek  or  Mu(ko- 
ffulge  confederacy  have  §5  towns,  be- 
fides  many  villages.  The  powerful  em- 

{)ire  of  the  Muflcogulges  eftabliftied  it- 
elf  upon  theruin  of  that  of  the  Natchez. 
The  Oakmufge  Fields  was  the  firft  fet- 
tleraent  they  fat  down  upon,  after  their 
emigration  from  the  weft,  beyond  the 
Miinlippi,  their  original  native  covintry. 
They  gradually  fubdued  their  furround- 
ing  enemies,  ttrengthening  themfelves 
by  taking  into  confederacy  the  van- 
quifhed  tribes.  Their  whole  number, 
tome  years  fince,  was  17,280,  of  which 
5,860  Were  fighting  men.  They  confift 
of  the  Appalachies,  Alibamas,  Abecas, 
Cawittaws,  Coofai,  Confhacks,  Coofac- 
tees,  ChaciihoomaSi  Natchez,  Oconies, 
Oakmulgies,  Okolioys,  Pakanas,  Taen- 
fas,  Talepoofas,  Weetumkas,  and  feme 
others.  Their  unioh  ha^  rendered  th*;m 
victorious  over  the  Ch;i(flaws,  and  for- 
midable to  all  the  nations  around  them. 
They  are  a  well-made,  expert,  hardy, 
fugacious,  politic  people,  extremely 
jealous  of  tneir  rights,  and  averfe  to 
par:  ing  with  their  lands;  They  have 
abundance  of  tame  cattle  and  fwine,  tur- 
kies,  ducks,  and  other  poultry ;  they 
cultivate  tobacco,  rice,  Indian  corn,  po- 
tatoes, beans,  peas>  cabbage,  melons, 
and  have  plenty  of  peaches,  plams, 
grapes,  ftrawberries,  and  other  fruits. 
They  are  faithful  friends,  but  inveterate 
enemies  ;  hofpitable  to  ftrangeh,  and 
honeft  and  fair  in  their  dealings.  No 
iiation  hits  a  more  contemptible  opinion 
of  the  white  men^s&ith  in  general  than 
thefc  people,  yet  they  place  great  confi- 
dence to  tbs  United  States,  and  wifh  to 


Mud 

iigree  vrith  them  upon  a  permihefif 
boundary,  over  which  the  fouther^ 
States  (hall  not  trefpafs^  The  country 
which  they  claim  is  bounded  northward 
by  about  the  a4th  degree  of  latitude  } 
and  extends  from  the  Tombeckbee,  or 
Mobille  river,  to  the  Atlantic  ocean^ 
though  they  have  cedfed  a  part  of  tliis 
trad  oa  thfe  fea-coaft,  by  different 
treaues,  to  the  State  of  Georgia.   Their 

f)rincipal  towns  lie  in  latitude  31  and 
ongitude  11  ao  from  Philadelphisi. 
They  are  fettled  in  a  hilly  but  not  moun- 
tainous country.  The  loil  is  fruitful  in 
a  high  degree^ and  well  watered,  abound- 
ing  m  creeks  and  rivulets,  from  whence 
they  are  called  the  Creek  Indiani. 

MuscoNECtJNK,  a  fmall  river  of 
New-Jerfey,  which  empties  into  the 
Delaware  6  miles  below  Eafton. 

Muskingum,  that  <?,  S!k*s  Eye,  A 
navigable  river  of  the  N.  W.Territoryi 
It  is  J50  yards  wide  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Ohio,  17a  miles  below  Pittf- 
burg,  including  the  windings  of  the  O- 
hio,  though  in  a  direct  line  it  is  but  90 
miles^  At  its  mouth  ftands  Fort  Har- 
mar  and  Marietta.  Its  banks  are  fo  high 
as  to  prevent  its  overflowing,  and  it  is 
navigable  by  large  batteaux  and  barges 
to  the  Three  Legs,  no  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  by  linall  boats  to  the  lake 
at  its  bead,  45  miles  farther^  From 
thence,  by  a  ptortage  of  about  one  mile^ 
a  communication  is  opened  to  Lake  E- 
rie,  through  Cayahoga,  a  ftream  of* 
great  utility,  navigable  the  whole  lengthy 
without  any  obftruftiort  from  falls. 
From  Lake  Erie,  the  aVenuc  is  well 
known  to  Hudfon's  river  in  the  State 
of  New- York.  The  land  on  this  river 
and  its  branches  is  of  a  fuperior  quality, 
and  the  country  abounds  m  fprings  ana 
conveniences  fitted  tofetdements  remote 
from  fea  Navigation,  viz.  falt-fprings, 
coalj  free-ftone,  aind  clay*  A  valuable 
falt-ipring  has  been  very  lately  difcover- 
ed,  8  miles  from  this  river,  and  ^0  froql 
Mariettta,  called  the  Big  Spring.  Such 
a  quantity  of  water  floWs,  as  to  kqepr 
1000  gallons  conftandy  boiling.  ^  Tea 

i;allon3  of  this  water  will,  as  experimenC 
las  proved,  afford  a  quart  of  fait  of  fu- 
perior quality  to  any  made  on  the  fea' 
coaft. 

MvsQUAKiES  Indian/  inhihit  the 
fouthem  waters  of  Lake  Michigan,  hav-* 
ine  aoo  warriors. 

Musc^UATONS, an  Indian  tribe  inhab- 
itiog  nea;r  Lake  Michigan. 

MviXlTT9 


iti;  Ir, 


'■  'fi  .* 


Uh 


'i 


if.!,"j'mw'>'i»Ji;>>' 


|l  A  I 

^.  &(usJiiTTo  Gnv*  in  N.  America*  lies 
iolat.64  j5  1 3»  and  in  long.  53  3  4;  W. 

MusoyiTO  ii/c^  and  ^<iy  lie  at  a 
finall  diftance  north  of  Cape  Can^verel, 
•o  the  ca»ft  of  £.  Florida.  The  banks 
x>{  Muf<^uito  river  towards  the  continent 
abound  in  trees  and  plants  common  to 
Florida,  with  pleafant  orange  groves ; 
whilfl  ^e  narrow  firips  of  land  towards 
the  lea,  are  moftiy  fand-hills, 

MuscDjIriTONS,  an  Indian  nation  in  the 
neighbouihood  of  the  Piankelhaws  and 
Outtagomies ;  which  lee. 

MvERSTOwN,  a  village  of  Dauphin 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  (ituated  on  the  N.  fide 
of  Tulpeliockon  creek,  a  few  miles  be- 
low the  canal.  It  contains  about  ts 
iioufes,  and  is  32  miles  call  by  north  of 
Uarrillurg,  and  77  from  Philadelphia. 

Mynomanies,  or  Minomaniext  an 
Indian  tribe,  who  with  the  tribes  of  the 
Chi  pe was  and  Saukeys,  live  near  Bay 
Puan,  and  could  togeuier  furnilh,  about 
ao  years  ago,  550  warriors.-  The  Min- 
emanies  have  about  300  fighting  men. 
.  Myrtle  I/Iaod,  one  of  the  Cbande- 
leurs  or  Myrtle  iHands,  in  Nsflau  Bay, 
an  the  coau  of  Florida,  on  the  well  liae 
of  the^^^'-ainfula. 


m 


,1     :-V- 


NAAiJiAtJ'i  Creeii  a  fmali  fireani 
which  runs  S.  eafterly  into  Dela- 
ware river,  at  Marcus'  Hook. 

Nab's  Bay,  near  the  weftem  limit  of 
Hudfon's  Bay,  known  by  the  name  of 
the  Welcome  Sea.  Cape  Eikimaux  is 
ifs  fouthern  point  or  entrance^ 

Naco,  a  town  of  New-Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Honduras,  50  miles  north- 
-weft  of  Valadolid. 

I  »  A  H  A  N  T  Point  forms  the  N.  E.  point 
of  Bofton  harbour,  in  Maflkchufetts  ;  9 
miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  N.  lat.  4% 
a  7 ,  'W.  long.  7  o  5  7 .     See  Lynn  Beach. 

Nahunkeag,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  38  miles  from  the  fea,  fig- 
ftifies,  in  the  Indian  language,  the  land 
where  eels  are  taken. 

Nain,  a  Moravian  fettlement,  which 
was  eftablilhed  in  1763,  on  Lelugh  riv- 
er, in  Pennfylvania. 

Nain,  a  lettlement  of  the  Moravian? 
on  the  coaft  of  Labrador,  near  the  en- 
trance of  Davis's  Straits,  being  S.  S.  W. 
of  Cape  Farewell.  It  was  begun  under 
the  protedlion  of  theBfitilh  government, 
but  IS  cow  deferted.      ,  • 


flAH 

Namaskbt,  a  linall  river  vhicU 
empties  into  Narraganfet  Bay. 

NANjEMYjiifltfr,  alhortcreekwhioh 
empties  into  the  Patownuc  in  Charles 
county,  Maryland,  fouth-weftward  oi' 
Port  Tobacco  river* 

Nansemond,  a  county  of  Virraniay 
on  the  S.  Gde  of  James's  river,  and  W, 
of  Norfolk  CO.  on  tlie  N.  Carolina  line* 
It  is  about  44  miles  in  length,  and  24  in 
breadth,  aud  contains  9010  inhabitants^ 
including  3,817  flaves. 

N  A  N  s  fi  MON  D,  a  fhort  river  of  Virgin- 
ia, which  rifes  in  Great  Difmal  Swamp, 
and  purfuing  a  N.  then  a  N.  £.  direc-. 
tion,  empties  into  James's  river,  a  few 
miles  W.  of  Elizabeth  river.  It  is  nav- 
igable to  Sleepy  Hole,  for  veffels  of  250 
tons  ;  to  Sufiblk,  for  thofe  of  100  tons  j 
and  to  Milner's,  for  thofe  of  aj  tons. 

Nantasket  Road,  may  be  coniid- 
ered  as  the  entrance  into  the  channel^ 
of  Bofton  harbour  ;  lies  S.  of  the  light* 
houfe,  near  Haiasford  or  Hofpital  lHand. 
A  veffel  may  anchor  here  in  from  7  tp 
5  fathoms  in  lafety.  Two  huts  are 
erected  here  with  accommodations  for 
lliipwrecked  feamen. 

Nantikoke,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  eaftern  Ihore  of  Matyland,  empties 
into  the  Chefapeak  Bay. 

Nantikokes,  an  Indian  nation  who 
fisrmei'ly  lived  in  Maryland,  upon  the 
above  river.  They  firft  retired  to  the 
Sufquehannah,- and  then  farther  north. 
They  were  fkilled  in  the  art  of  jpoilbn- 
inc ;  by  whick  Ihocking  art  nearly  their 
whole  tribe  was  extirpated,  as  well  as 
fome  of  their  neighbours.  Thefc,  with 
tlie  Mohickons  and  Conoys,  ao  years 
ago  inhabited  Utfanango,  Chagnet  and 
Owegy,  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Suf- 
quehannah. The  two  firft  could  at  that 
period  fumifh  100  warriors  each  j  and 
the  Conoys  30  warriors. 

Nastmilj-,  Eajl  an4  WeJ},  two 
towijfliips  in  Chefter  co.  Penoiylvania. 

Nantucket  Iflandt  belonging  to 
the  Sutc  of  Mallachufetts,  is  lituated 
between  lat.  4;-  13  and  41  aa  30  N. 
and  between  69  56  and  70  13  30  weft 
long,  and  is  about  S  leagues  louthward 
of  Cape  Cody  and  lies  eaftward  of  the 
iflandof  Martha's  Vineyard.  It  is  15 
miles  in  length,  and  it  m  breadth,  in- 
cluding Sandy  Point;  but  its  general 
breadth  is  3!  miles.  This  is  thought 
to  be  the  ifland  called  Nauticon  by  an- 
cient voyagers.  There  is  but  one  b»y 
of  any  note,  and  that  19  formed  by  » 

long 


*K  AN 


^  At 


long  Tandy  poiAt,  extending  from  the 
|6.  end  of  the  ifland  to  the  N.  and  W. 
(on  which  ftands  a  Hght-houfe,  which 
was  erefled  by  the  Sute  in  1784)  and 
on  the  north  (ide  of  the  ifland  as  Far  as 
Eel  Point.  This  makes  a  fine  road  for 
fiiips,  except  with  the  wind  at  N.  W. 
"When  there  is  a  heavy  fwell.    The  har- 

}>our  has  a  bar  of  fana,  on  which  are  on- 
y  7J  feet  of  water  at  ebbtide,  but  with- 
in it  has  12  and  14  feet.  The  ifland 
conftitutss  a  county  of  its  own  name, 
dnd  contains  4,620  ihhsd^itant:;,  and 
fen,ds  one  reprefentative  to  the  general 
court.  There  is  a  duck  manufafl:ory 
here,  and  10  fpeimaceti  works.  The 
inhabitants  are,  for  the  moft  part,  a  ro- 
buft  and  enterprifing  fet  of  people, 
moftly  feamen  and  mechanics.  The 
feamen  are  the  moft  expert  whale-men 
in  the  world.  The  whale  fifliery  orig- 
inated among  the  white  inhabitants  u 
the  year  1690,  in  boats  from  the  (hore. 
In  1 715,  they  had  6  floops,  38  tons  bur- 
lien,  and  the  fifhery  produced  iiool. 
fteri.  From  1771,  to  1775,  the  fiftiery 
ertploycd  150  iail  from  90  to  180  tons, 
upon  the  coait  of  Guinea,  Brazil,  and 
the  Weft-Indici ;  the  produce  of  which 
dmounted  to  167,000!.  ftcrl.  The  late 
war  almoft  ruined  this  bufinefs.  They 
havfe  fince,  however,  revived  it  again, 
and  purfue  the  whales  even  into  the 
'  great  Pacific  Ocean.  There  is  not  here 
a  fingle  tree  of  natural  growth ;  they 
have  a  place  called  The  Woods,  but  it 
has  been  deftitute  of  trees  for  thefe  60 
years  paft.  The  ifland  had  formerly 
plenty  of  wood.  The  people,  efpecial- 
ly  the  females,  are  fondly  attached  to 
tne  ifland,  and  few  wiih  to  migrate  to 
a  more  defirable  fituation.  The  peo- 
ple are  moftly  Friends^  or  Quakers. 
There  is  one  lociety  of  Congregation- 
alifts.  Some  part  of  the  E.  end  of  th6 
ifland,  known  by  the  name  of  Squamt 
and  forte  few  otner  places,  arc  held  as 
private  farms.  At  prefent,  there  are 
»ear  300  proprietors  of  the  ifland.  The 
proportional  number  of  cattle,  flieep, 
ftc.  put  out  to  pafture,  and  the  quanti- 
ty of  ground  to  raife  crops,  are  minute- 
ly regulated}  and  proper  officers  are 
appointed,  who,  in  their  books  debit 
and  credit  the  proprietors  accordingly. 
Jn  the  mouth  of  June,  eac!»  proprietor 
gives  in  to  the  clerks  the  number  of 
Kis  flicep,  cattle,  and  horfes,  that  lie 
maybe  charged  with  them  in  the  books ; 
wa.jf  the  number  be  more  than  he  is 


<»fltftIM  to  by  \m  rights,  he  htirs  ground 
of  his  neighbouts  who  have  kfs.  But, 
if  the  proprietors  all  togetha  have  moit 
than  dieir  number,  the  overplus  are  ei« 
ther  killed  or  tranfported  from  the  ifland. 

In  the  year  1659,  when  Thomas 
Macy  remored  with  his  family  from 
Saliibury  in  EfTex  co.  to  the  W.  end  of 
the  ifland,  with  feveral  other  families, 
there  were  nearly  .3,000  Indians  on  the 
ifland,  who  were  kind  to  ftrangers,  and 
benevolent  to  each  other,  and  Irved  hap- 
pily until  contaminated  by  the  bad  ex- 
ample of  the  whites,  who  introduced 
rum ;  and  their  number  foon  began  to 
decreafe.  The  whites  had  no  material 
quarrel  or  difficulty  with  them.  The 
natives  fold' their  lands,  and  the  whites 
went  on  purchafing  ;  till,  in  fine,  they 
have  obtained  the  whole,  except  fomc 
fmall  rights,  which  are  ftill  retained  by 
the  natives.  A  mortal  ficknefs  carried 
off  aaz  of  them  in  1764 ;  and  they  are 
Qcw  reduced  to  4  males,  and  x6  females. 

Nantucket,  (formerly  Sherburnf^ 
a  poft-town,  capital  and  port  of  entry  in 
the  above  ifland.  The  exports  in  the 
year  ending  Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted 
to  ac,5i7  dollars.  It  is  60  miles  S.  £. 
of  New-Bedford,  113  S,  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  38X  E.  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Nantucket  Shealt  a  bank  which 
ftretches  out  above  i^  leagues  in  length, 
and  6  in  breadth,  to  the  S.  E.  from  the 
ifland  of  its  name. 

Nantuxet  Bay,  New-Jerfey,  is  on 
the  eaftern  fide  of  Delaware  Bay,  bppo» 
fite  Bombay  Hook. 

Narraganset  Bayy  Rhodc-Ifland, 
makes  up  fi-om  fouth  to  north,  betweet* 
the  main  land  on  the  eaft  and  weft.  It 
embofoms  many  fruitful  and  beautiful 
iflands,  the  principal  of  which  are 
Rhode-Ifland,  Canonicut,  Prudence, 
Padence, Hope, Dyers, and  Hog  Iflands, 
The  chief  harbours  are  Newport,  Wick- 
ford,  Warren,  Briftol,  and  Greenwich, 
befides  Providence  and  Patuxct ;  the  lat- 
ter is  near  the  mouth  of  Patuxet  river, 
which  falls  into  Providence  river. 
Taunton  river  and  many  fmaller  ftreams 
fall  into  this  capacious  bay.  It  affords 
fine  fifli,  oyfters  and  lobfters  in  great 
plenty, 

Narraguagus /?/7y.  A  part  of  the 
bay  between  Goldftjorough  and  Machi- 
as,  in  Wafliington  co.  Diftri<ft  of  Maine, 
goes  by  this  name.  From  thence  for 
the  fpace  of  60  or  70  miles,  the  naviga» 
tor  finds,  within  a  great  number  of  fin^ 

iflands, 


;;■ 

iyii' ''' 

V  \ 

™'   . 

V'       ■  J 

'% 


m       ];, 


>l 


V 


i'i 


II  I 


HA* 

Inlands,  t  feeore  and  pleafant  (Hp-mtif. 
Many  of  tbefe  iflands  are  bhalHted  and 
make  a  fine  appearance.  A  river  of 
ihe  fame  name  taUa  into  the  bay. 

Narraguagvs,  apofb-towDt  fitua- 
ted  on  the  above  bay,  i^  mijes  north- 
raft  of  doldfborough,  63  eaft  of  Pe- 
Dobfcot,  a  froii)  Pleafant  rivq-}  and  673 
from  Philadelphia, 

Narrows,  T^e.  The  narrow  paf- 
l&ge  from  fea,  between  Long  andSu- 
ten  Iflands  into  the  bay  which  fprcads 
before  New-York  city,  formed  by  the 
jundion  ofHwifon  and  Eaft  rivers,  is 
thus  called,  This  ftrait  is  9  miles  fouth 
of  the  city  of  New-York. 

Narrows,  T^e,  a  ftrait,  about  3 
miles  broad,  between  the  ifland?  of  Ne- 
vis and  St.  Chriftopher's  Iflands,  in  the 
Weft-fhdies.  . 

Nash,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftnS, 
containing  7,393  inhahitants,  of  whom 
a,oo9  are  flaves.  There  is  a  large  and  val- 
uable body  of  iron-ore  in  tliis  county ;  but 
only  one  bloomery  has  yet  been  ercdled. 

Nash  Court -Houfe^  \i\  N.  Carolina, 
where  a  poft-ofiice  is  kept,  48  miles 
from  Tafboiough,  and;^  wfrop^  Lewr 
ifl>urg. 

Nash^uv,  or  Navjptnuft,  one  or 
the  ElizaJbeth  Ifles,  the  property  of  the 
Hon.  James  IJowdoin,  Efq.  of  Bofton, 
ftuated  at  the  mouth  of  Buzjtard's  Bay, 
and  3  miles  from  the  extremity  of  the 
peninfula  of  Bamftable  c<?.  Confider- 
able  numbers  of  flieep  and  cattle  are 
fupported  upon  this  ifland  ;  and  it  has 
becomf  famous  for  its  excellent  wool 
and  cheefe.  Here  Capt.  Bartholomew 
Gofnold  landed  in  i6oaf  and  took  up  hjs 
abode  for  fume  time.  ^ 

Nashua  Rivera  is  a  confiderable 
ftream  in  WOFcefter  co,  Maflachufetts, 
and  has  rich  intervale  lands  on  its  banks. 
It  enters  Merrimapk  river  at  Dunftable. 
Its  courfe  is  north-north-eaft. 

Nashville,  the  chief  town  of  Mero 
Diftriift  in  the  State  of  Tenneffee,  is 
plcafantly  fiiuated  in  Davidfon  co.  on 
the  fouth  bank  of  Cumberland  river, 
where  it  is  joo  yards  broad.  Jt  was 
named  after  Brig,  Gen.  Francis  Nafli, 
who  fell  op  the  4th  of  Oft?  J777»  >"  the 
battle  of  Germantown.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  and  contains  75  houfes,  a  court* 
houfe,  an  academyi  and  a  church  for 
P/efbyterians,  and  one  for  Methodifts, 
|t  is  tne  feat  of  the  courts  heldfemi-an- 
nually  for  the  diftrift  of  Mero,  and  of 
ihe  courts  of  pleas  wd  (juarter  felTioos 


NA  8 

for  Davidfon  et.  It  is  i|c  milM  %ref| 
of  Knoxville,  64  firom  Big  Salt  Licit 
garrifon,  190  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington  in 
Kentucky,  635  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond 
in  Virginia,  and  X015  W.  S.  W.  ofPhi* 
ladelphia.  N.  lat.  36,  W.  long.  87  8. 

InTaskhag  Poifitf  in  Lincoln  co, 
JDiftrift  of  Maine,  is  the  caftern  point 
of  Penobfcot  Bay. 

NAsPATUcKBTjR/vrr.  SeafTatttf/l 
patucket. 

NA8Qj;iRoa  Bhett  oq  the  Labrador 
coaft,  is  to  the  weftward  01  £^uimau]( 
river. 

Nassas  River.    jSee  St.  Andre.  ^ 

Nassau  Bay^  or  Sptrita  Santo,  is  a 
large  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Weft-Florida, 
about  70  miles  from  north  to  fouth.  It 
has  4  iflands  on  a  line  for  ^p  miles  front 
S.  W.  to  Jvf.  E.  with  openmgs  between 
them  a  mile  or  iwo  wide.  The  moft 
northerly  is  called  Myrtle  Ifland,  be- 
tween which,  a|)d  th^  continetit,  is  the 
entrance  of  the  bay.  The  bay  is  ijj 
miles  broad  fron.<  Myrtl^  Ifland  to  a  row 
of  iflands  funning  parallel  with  the  main 
land,  and  another  bay  between  them 
ftretching  59  or  60  miles  to  the  fouth, 
as  far  as  one  of  the  fmaller  mouths  of 
the  Miflifippi.    See  Naffau  Road. 

Nassau  5f»y,  an  extepfive  bay  of 
the  ocean,  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Terra  del 
Fuego  ifland,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  S. 
America.  It  is  to  the  E.  of  FaMe  Cape 
Horn,  which  forms  the  weftern  limit  of 
the  bay ;  Cape  Horn  being  the  S.  point 
of  the  fouthernmoft  of  the  Hermit's  Ifl- 
ands, a  groupe  of  iflands  which  lie  off 
the  coaft  oppofite  to  this  bay.  Thii 
bay  is  large  and  open,  well  iheltered 
from  the  tempefts  of  the  ocean.  It  is 
capable  of  holding  a  fleet  of  {hips,  and 
though  there  are  fmali  iflands  near  its 
entrance,  all  the  d^gers  are  vidble,  and 
(hips  may  fail  freely  be  tween  them,  or  on 
each  fide  of  thepi.     See  Miflaken  Cape, 

Nassau  Cape^  on  thp  coaft  of  Surri* 
nam,  or  ^.  £.  coaft  of  S.  America,  is  to 
the  N.  N.  W.  of  Eflequibo  gulf,  and  the 
£.  point  of  the  entrance  into  the  river 
Pumaron.  It  is  in  abou^  lat.  7  40  N, 
and  long.  J9  30  W. 

Nassau  Cape,  op  the  N.  fhore  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 

^AssAv,  a  fmall  town  inDauphii^ 
CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  contains  a  Ger* 
man  church,  and  about  35  houfes.  I^ 
is  alfo  called  Ktmpjhwn. 

Nassav  Iflandt  at  the  mouth  of  Bvt 
ram  river,  in  I«ng-Iflaod  Sound. 

^ASSAf 


KAT 

.  ffAfSAvXM</,ontheeoiftofWeft' 
pIorida,lies  W.  of  Mobile  Bty>5  leagues 
po  the  northward  of  Ship  Ifland,  and 
M/ithin  the  north  end  oT  the  Chande- 
leurs  or  Myrtle  Iflands.  It  is  ope  of 
the  heft  reaas  for  large  vefl'els  on  the 
Whole  coaft  of  Florida.  It  affords  good 
(helter  from  winds  that  blow  on  (horCf 
has  no  bar,  andis  eafy  ofaccels.  Vef- 
fels,  however,  muft  not  go  within  }  of 
a  mile  of  the  infidc  of  the  idand,  it  be* 
ing  fhoal  near  that  diftance  from  the 
(hore.  VeiTels  m^y  go  round  the  north 
end  of  it  from  the  lea  in  jft  and  6  fath- 
oms, at  }  a  mile  from  the  (bore,  and  af* 
^erwards  muft  keep  in  4i  9pd  5  fathoms 
till  the  north  point  bears  N.  N.  £.  about 

?',  miles,  where  they  can  anchor  in  4 
athoms  good  holding  ground,  fheltered 
from  eafterly  and  foutherly  winds  :  this 
is  necefl'ary  for  all  Teflels  frequenting 
the  coaft  of  Florida,  as  eafteriy  winds 
iarevery  frequent.  There  is  frefli  wa- 
ter to  be  got  any  where  on  the  Chande- 
leurs  by  digging ;  and  there  is  a  kind 
of  well  at  the  north  end,  near  an  old 
hut.  There  is  no  wood  to  be  found 
here  but  drift  wo(k1,  of  which  there  is 
great  plenty  along  fhore.  Naflau  Road 
was  firft  diicoyered  by  Dr.  Daniel  Cox, 
of  New-Jerfey,  who  named  it  fo  in  hon- 
our of  the  reigning  prince,  William  III. 
He  alfo  gave  me  name  of  Myrtle  Iflands 
to  thofe  afterwards  called  Chandelcurs, 
by  the  French,  from  the  candles  made 
ot  the  Myrtle  wax,  with  which  tliefe 
illands  abound. 

Nassav  Rivcrt  on  the  coaft  of  Baft- 
Florida,  has  a  bar  generally  about  8  feet 
water,  bi^t  is  fubje(a  to  fliifting.  The 
tides  are  about  7  feet  at  low  fpring  tides. 
An  £.  S.  £.  moon  makes  high  water 
here,  as  alfo  in  moil  places  along  the 
coaft. 

Nassau,  the  chief  town  of  Provi- 
dence Ifland,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  and 
the  feat  of  government.  N.  lat.  aj  3. 
It  is  the  only  port  of  entry  ejf;cept  at 
Turk's  Ifland.    See  Bahaniai, 

Nastla,  a  town  of  Mexico.  See 
Angelas* 

Nata,  a  tpwn  and  bay  in  the  prov? 
ince  of  Terra  Firma,  S,  America.  The 
bay  of  Nau  lies  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
lilhmus  of  Darien,  and  on  the  North  Pa- 
ciHc  Ocean.  From  hence  and  the  ad- 
jacent parts,  proTifions  are  fent  for  the 
fupply  of  the  inhabitants  of  Panama, 
which  city  is  67  miles  N.  E.  of  Nata. 
Jhe  bay  is  fpacious  aad  deep,  but  'x%  DOt 


K  A  T 

nftdlyy  fliips*  but  in  cafes  of  necel&ty* 
as  they  are  liable  to  be  embayed  by  thS 
winds  that  blow  frequently  at  £.  upoa 
the  fliore.  The  bay  extends  to  the 
ifland  Iguenas.  N.  lat.  8  la,  W.  long. 
81  la. 

t^ATA  FoiNT,  or  Qhamay  or  Chau- 
tHU  Cape,  is  at  (lie  W.  point  of  the  gulf 
of  Panama,  from  whence  the  coait 
trends  W.to  Haguera  Point  7  leagues. 
All  fliips  bound  to  the  N.  W.  and  to 
Acapulco  make  tliis  point.  It  is  alfo 
called  the  S.  point  of  the  bay,  whicl) 
lies  within  on  the  W,  lidc  of  this  great 
Gulf  of  Panama. 

Natacmquoin  iy»tfr,  alarge  river 
of  the  coaftot  Labrador,  in  M.  Aineric4, 
to  the  weitward  of  Nali^uirou  nver,  un- 
der Mount  Joli,  where  it  forms  a  fouth- 
erly cape  in  lat.  50  25  N.  and  long.  69 
45  W.  The  little  Nuuchquuin  is  to  thu 
W.  S.  W.  ofthis. 

Natal,  a  cape  and  town,  on  the  S. 
fhore  of  the  Rio  Grande,  on  the  N.  £. 
coafl  of  Brazil  in  S.  America,  is  to  the 
S.  W.  of  the  4  fquare  flioal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  entrance  of  that  river, 
which  contains  fume  dangerous  rocks. 
On  this  point  is  the  Cattle  of  the  Three: 
filings,  or  Fortaleza  des  I'res  Magos. 
The  town  of  Natal  is  3  leagues  from  the 
callle,  befotc  which  is  good  anchorage 
for  fliips,  in  from  4  to  5  fathoms,  and 
well  fecured  from  winds. 

Natp  h  e  z»  or  Notches.  See  Georgia 
Wejtern  Territory. 

Natch £Z,  a  powerfid  nation  of  In- 
dians who  foi  mei'iy  inhabited  the  coun- 
try on  the  £.  iide  of  the  Milhlippi.  Fort 
Rofalie  is  iituat0  in  the  country  which 
they  poifeiied,  in  lat.  31  4o«  Nothing 
now  remains  of  this  nation  but  tlie  name, 
by  which  Uie  country  continues  to  be 
called.  The  Creeks  or  Mulcoguiges 
role  upon  the  ruins  of  this  nation.  I'he 
French  completed  their  deilruftioQ  ia 
17^0.  The  Natchez  or  Sun  Set  In- 
diansy  are  a  part  of  the  Creek  confe({e- 
racy  which  they  'l^<^  ^^^^  they  left 
Louifiana. 

Natchitoches,  Atra^ofcpuntrv 
in  Louiiiana,  on  the  river  Rouge,  or  Red 
fiver,  bears  this  name.  The  French  had 
a  very  confiderable  poft  on  this  river 
callea  Natchitoches.  It  was  a  frontier 
qn  the  Spaniil^  I'etdements,  being  a* 
n^iles  from  the  fort  of  Adayes,  and  7a 
leagues  firom  tlie  confluence  of  the 
Rouge  with  the  Mifliiippi. 

N  ATiCK,ap  ancient  towolhip  in  Mi4» 

dlefei( 


';    ;1i 


i  ■ 


\    ' 


H    ■ 


!;:'  ]■'''} 


■:hi:i 


t^  A  V 

i\ttkk  t6.  Alftlfachufetts,  flttut^  #6rt 
ChaHes  tiver,  i8  ifiiles  S.  W.  of  fiofton, 
itiid  i{)  N.  W.  of  Dedham.  Its  namt 
In  the  Itidhti  lartgiiagc  fignifies  "  The 
|)Jace  of  hills."  The  fartious  Mr.  EHot 
formed  a  religious  focitty  here  ;  and  ijJ 
i6)o,  there  were  jo  Inaian  commiini- 
tAnts.  At  his  ijiotion,  the  General 
tbiitt  granted  the  land  ih  thisiowh,  coh- 
talhing  about  6000  acres,  to  the  Indians. 
Very  few  of  their  defcendants,  hbw'ever, 
bow  reriiain.  It  was  incorporated  int6 
^  Englifh  diflritfl  in  1761,  and  into  a 
fownmip  in  1781;  andf  now  contains 
6ij  inhabitants. 

NATTENAt,  an  Indian  village  on 
Kootka  Sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
ti.  America.  It  has  a  remarkable  cat- 
UTA&f  or  water-fall,  a  few  miles  to  the 
northward  of  it.  N.  lat.  4^  40,  VV. 
long,  from  Greenwich  1*4  6. 

Natural.  Bridge.  See  Rockbridge 
County^  Virginia. 

.  Naudowesies,  an  Indian  nation  in- 
habiting lands  between  Lakes  Michigan 
and  Superior.    Warriors,  500. 

Naugatuck  Rivcrt  a  north-eaftern 
branch  of  Houfatonic  river  in  Conne*3:i- 
cut.  A  great  number  of  mills  and  iron- 
works are  upon  this  ftream  and  its 
branches.  ■ 

Navarre,  a  province  of  New-Mex- 
i-o]  on  the  N.  £.  fide  of  the  Gulf  of 
California,  which  feparates  it  from  the 
peninfula  of  California,  on  the  S.  W. 

Navasu,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Wind- 
ward Paflage,  or  ftrait  between  Cuba 
and  Hifpanioja  in  the  Weft-Indies. 
Thither  the  inhaWtants  of  Jamaica  cofn« 
in  boats  to  kill  guaras,  an  amphibious 
creature  that  breeds  plentifully  at  iht 
fodis  of  old  trees.  They  are  in  the 
Ihape  pf  a  lizard,  witli  fcales,  and  fome 
are  3  feet  in  length.  Their  flefli  is  firm 
and  white,  and  laid  by  feaniea  to  moke 
goodbrotn. 

Navaza,  a  fmall  barren  ifland  in  the 
Weft-indies,  not  very  high,  is  fteep  all 
found,  and  lies  in  lat.  18  jo  N.  It  is 
»i  leagues  W.  S.  W-  h  W.  of  the  E. 
i^nd  of  Japaica,  _  and  11  leagues  from 
Tiburoti,  in  the  ifland  of  St,  Doniiirigo. 

.NAVESiuic  Harbourf  oh  the  fea-coaft 
of  Monmouth  co.  New-Jerfey,  jies  in 
iat.  46  a 4  N.  having  jumping  Pojht  on 
(ht  north,  and  is  ai  miles  S.  of  ihft  N. 
£nd  of  Sandy  Hook  ifland;  iXiA  its 
flicuth  is  5  lAiles  from  the  toWh  of 
Shrewsbury.  The  fitall  rivef  of  its 
naiftg  !alls  inlo  il  irofa  the  W.  ahd  rif«5 


K  AS 

Irt  tht  ftiW  cWftty.  Nftnsflrilt  flillt 
extend  N.  W.  from  the  harbour  6n  th* 
Atlantic  Ocean,  to  Rarit6n  Bayi  aftd 
are  the  firit  lartd  diffiorered  by  marifierft 
when  they  arrive  on  the  eoaft.  They 
are  66d  feet  fibove  the  level  of  the  fea, 
and  may  be  feen  10  leagues  off. 

NAVioAD,  a  town  of  Mechoac.in  S, 
province  of  Mexi(i6,  Ivith  a  harbour  oti 
the  N.  Pacific  Odean,  is  J  j6  miles  W. 
of  Mexico  dty.  N.  lat.  18  sU  W. 
king,  iti  io. 

Navires,  or  Cds  de  Navif(t  Bn:}-,  il 
the  iflafid  of  Martinico,  ifl  thti  Weft. 
Indies. 

Navy,  i.  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  iA 
Vermont. 

Navv  lull,  5ft  LoASrer  Canada, 
ftahds  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Lake  Onta" 
rio,  at  the  head  and  weft  fide  of  Niaga* 
ra  river,  which  laft  feparates  it  frorti 
Fort  Niagara,  on  the  E»  fide,  in  th6 
State  of  New-York.  It  is  10  miles  N, 
by  W.  of  tort  Erie,  and  ij  8.  E.by  Si 
of  York. 

Navy  IJlani  lies  In  the  middle  6f 

igara  river,  whofe  waters  ieparate  it 
hum  Fort  Slulhcr,  on  the  eaft  bank  of 
the  river,  and  the  fame  waters  divide  it 
from  Grand  Ifland,  on  the  S.  and  S.  £. 
It  is  about  one  mile  long,  and  one  broadg 
and  is  about  13  mil^s  N.  by  E.  of  Navy 
Hall. 

Nazareth,  a  beautiful  town  in 
Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  inhab. 
ited  by  Moravians,  or  United  Brethren, 
It  is  fituated  10  miles  north  of  Bethle- 
hem, and  6.^  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  is  a  tra<5l  of  good  land,  containing  a-* 
bout  5,000  acres,  pufchafed  by  the  ReV, 
G.  Whitfield,  in  1740,  and  fold  1  years 
after  to  the  brethren.  They  were  now- 
ever  obliged  to  leave  this  place  the  fame 
year,  where  it  feems  they  had  made 
fome  fettlertitnts  before,  fiifhop  Nitch- 
tnatt  arrived  from  Europe  this  year 
(1740)  with  a  comjaany  of  brethren  and 
ufters,  and  purchafed  and  fettled  upon 
the  fpot  which  is  now  called  Bethlehem. 
The  town  of  Naiafeth  ftinds  about  the 
centre  of  the  manor,  on  a  fmall  creek 
which  Ibfes  itfelf  in  the  earth  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  E.  of  the  town.  It  was 
regularly  Ijud  out  in  17^4,  and  confifts 
Of  2  principal  ftreets  which  crofs  each 
Other  at  right  angles,  and  form  a  fquare 
in  the  middle,  01340  by  iroo  feet.  The 
largefl  building  is  a  ftdfte  houfe,  erefted 
in  175^,  named  Nazareth  Hall.  98  feet 
by  46  in  leagth,  ind  54  in  height.  The 

lower 


H  ISO 

{orvtrer  floor  ii  foriretl  into  a  fpaciom 
lall  for  public  vorihip,  the  upper  part 
of  the  houlx:  is  fitted  up  for  n  wmduig- 
fchpol,  whve  youth,  frorn  tUffereot 
}}arts,  are  under  the  infpe^ion  of  the 
hiinifler  of  the  place  gnd  i'everal  tgtor;, 
»nd  4re  indrui^ed  in  the  £nglilh,  Gcr- 
fiian,  French  and  Latin  languages  ;  in 
)ultory,gcojjraphy»bpok-keeping,math- 
«niatics,  mvfic,  drawing,  and  other  fct- 
f  Bce?.  The  front  of  t'l'-'  houfc  faces  a 
larjje  fqoareopen  to  the  fouth»  adioininc 
a  ^ne  piece  of  meadow  ground,  (ind 
commands  a  nwft  delightful  profpei^. 
Another  e)eg»nt  building  on  t^je  l^.ot' 
Nazareth  HalJ  is  inhahited  by  the  An- 
gle lifters,  who  have  the  I'anic  regula- 
tions aod  way  pf  living  as  tholj;  at  ^cth- 
Jehem.  Bcfiden  their  principal  manu- 
faftoryfor  fpinning  and  twiilmg  cotton, 
they  have  lately  bvgun  to  draw  wax 
taperp.  At  thf  fouth-weiJ  corner  of  the 
sioreikid  i'quare,  in  th«  middle  of  the 
town,  is  the  figgle  bretlwen's  houtt,  and 
oa  the  JE.  S.  E.  corner  a  ftpre.  On  the 
Jbuthernmoft  end  of  the  ftreet  is  a  good 
tavern.  The  dwelling-houfes  arc,  a  few 
excepted,  built  of  hme-ftpne,  qd«  9r 
two  ftories  high,  inhabited  by  tradef- 
men  and  mechajaics,  moftly  of  German 
cxtradioci.  The  inhabiunts  are  fuppli- 
ed  with  water  conveyed  to  them  by 
pipes  from  a  fin*  fpring  near  the  town. 
Tne  fituatioo  of  the  town,  and  the  fa- 
lubiious  air  of  the  adjacent  country, 
render  this  a  %'ery  agreeable  place.  The 
number  of  inhabiunts  in  tjie  town  and 
the  farms  belonging  to  it,  (Shoeneck  in- 
cluded) conllituting  one  congregation, 
and  meeting  for  divine  fervice  on  Lord's 
days  and  holidays,  at  Nazareth  Hal], 
Ivaj,  in  the  year  1788,  about  45  c. 

Kf.cessity,  Fort,  in  Virginia,  is  Ct- 
aated  in  the  Great  Meadow,  within  4 
miles  of  tJie  W.  bounds  of  Maryland, 
and  on  the  north  fide  of  the  head  water 
of  Red  Stone  Creek,  which  empties 
from  the  E.  into  the  Monongahela,  in 
N.  lat.  39  43,  about  a6  miles  from  the 
fpot  where  this  fort  was  ereded.  U  is 
»38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Alexandria,  and 
25 8  north-weft  of  Frcderickfburg,  This 
fpot  will  be  forever  famous  in  tbe  hifto- 
ly  of  America,  as  one  of  the  firft  fcenes 
of  Gen.  Washington's  abilities  as  a 
commander.  In  1753,  it  was  only  a 
fmall  unfinifhed  intrench  ment,  wnen 
JMr.  Waftiington,  then  a  colonel,  in  the 
Aad  year  of  his  age,  wa«  fent  with  300 
Xfoa  iQMurd»  Xhe  Qhio.   JU  ecgagc- 


metit  with  the  enemy  cnfued,  «nd  thf 
French  were  defeated.  M.  de  Villier# 
the  French  commander,  feot  down  900 
men  belidcs  Indians,  to  atmck  1  Ik-  Vif^ 
ginians.  Their  brave  leader,  however, 
made  fuch  an  able  defence  with  hi^ 
handful  of  men,  in  tliis  unfinifhed  fort, 
as  to  conftratn  the  French  officer  tu 

fjrant  him  honourable  terms  of  capitu- 
ation. 

KgppiCK,  C^fff  otNeddock,  lies  It©. 
tween  York  uver  and  Well's  Bay  oq 
the  coaft  of  York  co.  Diftriit  of  Maine. 

Ned  DICK  River  t  Cape,  in  the  above 
county,  is  navij,'  ible  about  a  njile  from 
tlie  lea,  and  at  full  tide  only  for  vcfl«l$ 
of  any  confiderable  burden*  it  having  a 
bar  of  iand  at  its  mouth,  and  at  an  lionr 
before  and  ^ter  low  water,  this  rivijet 
is  generally  fo  fhallow,  as  to  l^e  iorda? 
We  within  a  few  rods  of  the  fea. 

N  t  H UH  A m's  Point,  on  the  S.  W.  ao» 
gle  of  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes  in  thtf 
Wcft-Indics,  is  to  the  S.  ealkerly  fruiB 
Bridgetown,  haviflg  a  fort  upon  it  calkd 
Charles  Fort, 

Nekoham,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk 
CO.  MaiTachufetts,  1 1  niule«  from  Boilon. 
It  is  ^faout  9  miles  in  length  and  <  in 
breadth,  and  ia  almofl  cncompafled  by 
Charles  river.  The  lower  fall  of  the 
river,  at  the  bridge  between  Newton 
apd  Necdham  is  about  ao  feet  in  it» 
direct  delcent.  Here  the  river  divide? 
Middlefex  from  Norfolk  co.  It  wa» 
incorporated  in  1711,  and  contains  11  ya 
inhabitants.  A  flitting  and  rolling  niiil 
has  lately  been  ercfted  here. 

Neehheheou,  one  of  the  Sandwich 
iflands,  about  5  leagues  to  the  wellwaisd 
of  Atooi,  and  has  about  10,000  inhabit- 
ants. Its  place  of  anchorage  is  in  lat. 
ai  50  N.  and  long.  160  15  W.  Some- 
times it  is  called  Neheecnv,  or  Oneelxcto. 

Negada,  or  Auegada,  one  of  the 
Caribbee  iflands  in  the  Weft-Indics.  U 
is  low  and  defart,  encompafTed  with 
fhoals  and  fand-banks.  It  is  calleti  Ne- 
gada, from  its  being  moftly  overflown 
by  high  tides.  It  is  50  miles  north-weft 
of  AnguUla,  and  abounds  with  crabs* 
N.  lat.  186,  W.  long.  63  ?. 

NecRiL  Hat  I  cur.  North,  at  tlie  W. 
end  of  the  iiknd  of  Jamaica,  has  North 
Ncgril  Point  on  the  north,  which  is  d>e 
moft  wefterly  point  of  the  ifland  of  Ja- 
maica.   N.  lat.  18  45,  W.  long.  78. 

Nboro  Cape  and  Harbour,  at  the 
fouth-weft  extremity  of  Nova-Scotia. 
NJiQ&o  FtixttOtk  the  £•  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, 


I    8; 


i  '.; 


i 

;   _       1 

1 

•jm 

k. 

K  E  ^ 


ntu 


MV 


flii,  i«  t  leaguet  at  S.  S.  E.  from'the  Rio 
Grande,  and  14  from  Cape  St.  Rocque. 

Nforo  R/ver  is  tlie  weftcm  buunda* 
ry  of  Guiana  in  8.  America. 

Neorw  For/,  in  Amazonia,  (lands  on 
the  north  fide  of  Amazon  river  in  8. 
America,  juft  belotv  the  junction  of  its 
great  bvanches  the  Purusi  and  Negro, 
m  the  4th  degree  of  north  latitude,  and 
about  the  60th  of  W.  longitude. 

NiLsoN,  a  C(7unty  of  Kentucky. 
Chief  town,  Bairdftown. 

Nelson's  Fort,  a  fcttlement  on  the 
W.  fliore  of  HudfoH's  Bay,  fituated  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
ajo  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Churchill  Fort, 
and  600  north-weft  of  Rupert's  Fort,  in 
the  poffeifion  of  the  Hudfon*!  Bay  Com- 

1>iny.  It  is  in  lat.  jr;  i>  nortn,  and 
ong.  92  4a  weft«  The  ihoads  fo  called 
are  faid  to  be  in  lat,  s7  SS  north,  and 
long.  9a  II  weft,  and  to  nave  high  wa- 
tor  at  full  and  change  days  at  20  min- 
otes  paft  8  o'clock. 

Ne  lson's  Rhtr  is  the  N.  W.  branch 
of  Hayes  river,  on  the  W.  (hore  of  Hud- 
fon*8  Bay,  which  is  feparated  into  two 
channels  by  Hayes  Ifland,  at  the  mouth 
of  which  Nelfon's  Fort  is  fituated. 

Nesawewhck/;i</w«;  inhabit  near 
Severn  river,  fouth  of  Severn  lake. 

Neominas  River,  on  th«  coaft  of  Pe- 
ru, is  ra  or  14  leagues  to  the  N.  W.  of 
Bonaventara  river*  It  is  a  large  river, 
and  empties  into  the  ocean  by  2  mouths. 
The  fhore  is  low,  but  there  is  no  land- 
ing upon  it,  as  it  is  inhabited  only  by 
favages  vhom  it  would  not  be  very  fafe 
to  truft,  as  their  peaceable  or  hoftile  dif- 
pofition  towards  Europeans  cannot  be 
eafily  known.  The  coaft,though  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  moft  flourilhing  Spanifli 
colonies,  remains  unfrequented  and  wild. 
Palmas  Ifland  is  oppofite  to  this  river,  be- 
ing low  land,  and  ha\nng  ibveral  ftioals 
al^ut  it ;  and  from  hence  to  Cape  Cori- 
entes  is  q  o  leagues  to  the  N.  VV.  The  riv- 
er and  ifland  are  in  lat.  about  4  10  N. 

Nbpban  IJland,  a  ihiall  ifland  of  the 
South  Pacific  Oceaoy  oppofit^  to  Port 
Runter  on  the  fouth  coalt  of  Norfolk 
Ifland. 

Nepean  Sottmf,  an  exteofive  water 
on  the  Dorth-weft  coaft  of  N.  America, 
kaving  a  number  of  iflands  in  it,  in 
fome  charts  called  Princefs  Royal  Ifl^ 
ands.  It  opens  eaAward  from  Cape  St. 
^mes,  the  louthemmoft  point  of  Wafh- 
ington's  or  Queen  Clurlotte's  Iflands. 
Viu^a^^}  Sound  lie*  betweea  it  and 


Queen  Charlotte's  Sound  to  tha  faaihi 
ward. 

NipoNSBTyariverof  Maflachufettf  j 
originates  chiefly  from  Muddy  and 
Punkapog  Ponds,  in  Stoughton,  and 
Mafhapng  Pond  in  Sharon,  and  after 
pa(Eng  over  falls  fufHcient  to  carry  mills^ 
unites  with  other  fmall  flreams,  and 
forms  »  Very  conftant  fupply  of  water, 
for  the  many  nlills  fituated  on  the  river 
belowf  until  it  meets  the  tide  in  Milton^ 
from  whence  it  is  narigable  for  vefTels 
of  150  tons  burden  to  Bofton  Bay,  diA 
tant  about  4  miks.  There  are  6  paper* 
miMs,  befidcs  many  others  of  dinerent 
kinds,  on  this  fmall  river. 

N  B  R  u  K  A,  a  port  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton,  where  the  French  had  a  fet* 
tlement.- 

Nesbit's  M/rJotfr,  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Britain^  in  N.  America,  where  the 
Moravians  formed  a  fettlement  in  1752 ; 
of  the  firft  party  fomc  were  killed,  and 
others  were  driven  away.  In  1764^ 
they  made  another  attempt  under  the 
protedtion  of  the  Britifli  government, 
and  were  Well  received  by  the  Efqui- 
maux,  and  by  the  laft  account  the  mif* 
fion  fucceeded. 

Nbscopbck  /J/txfr  fallsinto the N.  E; 
btanchof  Sufquehannah  river,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  creek  of  that  name,  io 
Nortliumbcrland  co.  Pennfylvania,  and 
oppofite  to  the  town  of  Berwick,  160 
miles  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  latb 
41  3.  An  Indian  town,  called  Nefco- 
peck,  formerly  ftood  near  the  fcite  of 
Berwick. 

NsTHERtANDSj^^iravisthctradtnow 
included  in  the  States  of  New-York^ 
New-Jerfey,  and  part  of  Delaware  and 
Pennfylvania,  and  was  thus  named  bv 
the  Dutch.  It  pafTed  firft  by  conqueft 
and  afterwards  by  treaty  iuto  the  hands 
o^liieEnglifli. 

Nb  Ultra,  or  Sir  Thomas  Roit 
Welcome t^  narrow  ftrait  between  lat.  62 
and  63,  in  New  North  Wales,  in  the 
arftic  regions  of  America. 

Meus,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which 
empties  into  Pamlico  Sound  below  the 
tow»  (Mf  Newbern.  It  is  navigable  for 
fea  veflels  ra  miles  above  Newbern ; 
for  fcows  50  miles,  and  for  fmall  boats 
200  miles. 

Nbustra  SMfura,  Baia  ir,  or  Our 
Lady's  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  on 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  in  S.  America,  is 
30  leagues  from  Copiapa,  and  10  8.  S. 
W. etCape  George,    It u  indiffereol; 

tiding 


»E  V 


N  R  W 


tMing  in  this  bay,  as  th«  N.  Vt.  winds 
^ow  right  in,  and  the  gulls  firom  the 
nouatains  are  very  dangerous. 

NiiVERsiMK  Greek,  a  llream  in  the 
Hardenbergh  Patw'nt.  in  Ulfter  co.  New- 
York.  On  an  iniina  iu  this  creek  Mr. 
fiaker  having  cut  down  a  hollow  lieech 
tree,  in  March,  1 790,  found  near  two 
barrels  full  of  chimney  iwallows  in  the 
cavity  of  the  tree.  Tney  were  in  a  tor- 
pid (late,  but  {ome  of  them  being  pla- 
ced near  a  lire,  were  prefently  reanima- 
ted by  the  warmth,  and  took  wing  with 
tlieir  ufual  agility. 

Nevil  Bay,  on  the  wcfl  fliore  of 
Uudfon's  bay,  is  nearly  due  well  a  little 
northerly  from  Cape  Digijes  and  Man- 
I'ol  iflana  at  the  entrance  into  the  bay. 
North  lat.  6a  30,  weft  long.  95. 

Nevis,  an  iHand  lei's  than  a  league 
fouth-eaflcrly  of  the  peiiofiila  of  St. 
Chrillophor'sjoneof the; Caribbees.  This 
beautiful  little  Ipot  is  nothiilg  more  than 
«  iingle  mounuin  riling  like  a  cone  in 
un  eafy  afcent  from  the  fea ;  the  cir- 
cumference of  its  bafe  not  exceeding  8 
Britilh  leagues.  This  illand  was  doubt- 
lefs  produced  by  fome  volcanic  erup- 
tion, for  there  is  a  hollow  crater  near 
the  fummit  ftill  vilible ;  which  contains 
a  hot  fpring,  (Irongly  impregnated  with 
fulphur,  and  fulphur  is  frequently  found 
in  fubHance,  in  the  neighbouring  gul- 
lies and  cavities  of  the  e.trth.  The  ifl- 
and  is  well  watered,  and  the  land  in 
general  fertile.  Four  thoufand  acres  of 
canes  are  annually  cut,  which  produce 
an  equal  number  of  hogfheads  offugar. 
The  illand,  fmall  as  it  is,  i.'  divided  into 
S  parilhes.  It  has  one  town,  Charlef- 
ioTua,  which  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the 
feat  of  government ;  where  is  alio  a  fort 
called  Charles  Fort.  There  are  two  oth- 
er flipping  places,  viz.  Indian  Caftle 
and  New-Callle.  Nevis  contains  600 
whites  and  10,000  blacks.  It  was  firft 
fettled  by  the  Englilh  in  i6x8,  under 
the  protCiftion  of  Sir  Thomas  Warner. 
It  is  faid,  that,  about  the  year  1640  the 
illand  contained  4,000  whites,  and  fome 
writers  lay  that  before  the  year  logg  it 
h'ld  .to.ooo  inhabitants.  The  invalion 
of  the  rrench  about  that  time,  and  fome 
epidemic  diforders  llrangely  dimiailhed 
the  number.  C'.jarleflown,  the  capital, 
lies  in  lat.  17  15  N.  and  lone.  6»  .3.?  W. 
There  are  leveral  rocks  and  thoals  on  the 
coaftjpardcularly  on  tho  Couth-weft  fide, 
but  (hips  ride  between  tliem  in  tolerable 
fafety,  cbe  hurricane  feafoa&  excepted, 
F  F 


v^hett  ihey  are  obliged  to  put  off  to  lety 
and  run  into  Antigaa,  if  polfible. 

N«w-Albu>i«,  a  name  given  to  a 
country  of  indefinite  Uniits,  on  tlie  weft' 
em  coaft  oi  N.  America*  lying  north  of 
Cultforniet. 

Nkw,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina^  which 
empties,  after  a  Ihort  courfe,  into  the 
ocean,  through  New  River  Inlet.  Iw 
mouth  is  wide  and  Ihoal.  It  abounds 
with  mullet  during  the  winter  feafon. 

rjtvV -And  ALU  SI  A,  a  province  of  Ter- 
ra .'?ir,na,  S.  America,  lying  on  the  coaft 
of  tii*;  North  Sea,  oppofite  to  the  Lee- 
ward iflands;  bounded  by  the  river 
Oroonoko  on  the  weft.  Tnis  country 
is  called  Paria  by  fome  writers.  Its 
chief  town  is  St.  Thoma"?.  Some  gold 
mines  were  difcovered  here  in  1785. 

New-Andover,  a  fettlenient  ia 
York  CO.  Diftri*ft  of  Maine,  which  con- 
tains, including  Hiram  and  Putterficld, 
ai4  inhdbittnts. 

New-Anticaria,  a  town  of  New- 
Spain,  34  league:,  northward  of  Aca- 
pulco. 

New.AN.TiouBRA,an  epi/copal  city 
of  New-Spain,  in  the  province  of  Guax* 
aca,ereded  into  a  bilhoprick  by  Paul  III. 
154;.  It  has  a  noble  cathedral,  fup< 
ported  by  marble  pillars. 

Newark,  a  townlhip  in  Eflex  co. 
in  Vermont* 

Newark  Bay,  ia  New-Jerfey,  is 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  Paflaick  and 
Hackenlack  rivers  from  the  noith,  and 
is  feparated  from  that  part  of  North 
river  oppolite  to  New-York  city,  by 
Bergen  Neck  on  the  E.  which  neck, 
alfo,  with  Staten  Ifland  on  the  S.  of  it, 
form  a  narrow  channel  from  the  b^y 
to  North  river  eaftward.  Newark  Bay 
alfo  communicates  with  Rariton  Bay,  at 
the  mouth  of  Rariton  river,  by  a  channel 
in  a  S.  by  W.  direftion  along  thewellera 
fide  of  Staten  Illand.  The  water  paf- 
fage  from  New- York  to  Elizabetb-Towo 
Point,  \%  miles,  is  through  this  baf. 

Newark, apoft-town  of  New-Jerfey 
and  capital  of  Eflex  county,  is  pleafantlvr 
(ituated  at  a  fniall  diilance  weft  of  Paf- 
faick  river,  near  its  mouth  in  Newark 
Bay,  and  nine  miles  weft  of  New-York 
city.  It  is  a  handfome  and  flourilbing 
town,  celebrated  for  the  excellence  of* 
its  cyder,  and  is  the  feat  of  the  largeft 
llioe  manufefture  in  the  State  :  tJie  ave- 
rage number  made  daily  throughout  the 
year,  is  eftimated  at  about  200  jpairs. 
The  town  is  of  much  the  fame  fize  &s 

£lizaJ3ecl^ 


i 


>  il 


:'  11 : 


1 . 

>i 

'  ::i 

1 

1 

I,  ■ 


NEW 

l!fizabeth-Town,and  is  6  miles  "N.  of  it. 
Tliere  is  a  Prefoyterian  church  of  itone, 
the  largeft  and  moft  elegant  building  of 
the  kind  in  the  State.  Befides  thele  is 
an  Epifcopal  church,  a  court -houfe  and 

f|aol.  The  academy,  which  was  eftab- 
ifhed  here  in  June,  179a,  promifes  to 
b^  a  ufeful  inftitution.  In  Newark  and 
in  Orange  which  joins  it  on  the  N.  W. 
there  are  9  tanneries,  and  valuable  quar- 
ries of  itone  for  building.  The  quarries 
in  Newark,  would  rent,  it  is  faid,  for 
iCiooo  a  year,  and  the  numb'^r  of  work- 
men limited.  This  town  was  originally 
fettled  by  emigrants  from  Branford, 
Connedicut,  as  long  ago  as  166a. 

Nkwark,  a  village  m  Newcaftle  co 
Delaware,  fituated  between  Chrifliiana 
and  White  Clay  Creeks,  o  miles  weft 
of  New-Caftle,  aiid  10  fouth-wfterly  of 
Wilmington. 

Newark,  a  town  lately  laid  out  by 
the  Britifh  in  Upper  Canada,  on  the 
river  which  connedts  Lakes  Erie  and 
Ontario,  diredlly  oppolite  Niagara  town 
and  fort, 

N  E vv. Ath  E  N  s,  or  Tioga Pointt^nds 
on  the  poft-road  from  Cooperftown  to 
Williamlburg,  in  Luzerne  co.  Pennfyl- 
tania,  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  Tioga  rK'er  with  the 
£.  branch  of  Sufquehannah  river,  in 
lat.  41  54  and  long.  76  ,^z  W.  andabont 
3  miles  S.  of  the  New-York  line ;  20 
miles  S.  E.-  by  E.  of  Newtown  in  New- 
York,  14  S.  W.  of  Owego,  and  116  S. 
W.  of  Cooperftown. 

New-Sarbadoes,  a  townfhip  in 
Bergen  co.  Nii^v-Jerfey. 

New-Bedforo,  a    poft-town    and 

J»ort  of  'T.try  in  Briftol  co.  Maflachu- 
etts,  fituated  on  a  fjnall  bay  which  f«?« 
up  north  from  Buzzard's  Bay,  58  miles 
8.  of  Boftof/.     The  townfhip  was  mcor- 

ijorated  in  i />''/,  and  is  13  miles  in 
ength  '  .id  4  m  breadth  ;  bounded  E. 
by  Rocheftcr,  W.  by  Dartmouth,  of 
which  it  was  originally  a  part,  and  8.  by 
Buzzard's  Bay.  Ac:f^i{fnittt  was  the 
Indian  name  of  New  Bedford  ;  and  the 
finaJl  river  of  tlH*t  name,  difcovercd  by 
Oofnold  in  1602,  runs  from  north  to 
fouth  throi;gh  the  townflHp,  and  divides 
the  villages  of  Oxford  and  Fairhaven 
from  Bedford  village.  A  compan  y  was  in  - 
corporatedin  1796,  for  building  a  bridge 
acrofs  this  river.  From  the  hrad  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  is  7  or  8  miles.  Fair- 
haven  and  Bedford  villages  are  a  mil< 
apart,  and  a  ferry  conftantly  attended  is 


NEW 

eftablllhed  between  them.  The  harboiST 
is  vcr/  fafc,  in  fome  places  17  or  18  feet 
of  water ;  and  vefTels  of  3  or  400  tons 
lie  at  the  wharves.  Its  mouth  is  formed 
by  Clark's  Neck  on  the  W.  fide,  and 
Sconticutt  Point  on  the  other.  An 
idand  between  thefe  points  renders  the 
entrance  narrow ;  in  5  fathoms  water. 
High  water  at  full  and  change  of  the 
moon  37  minutes  afta-  7  o'clock.  Dart- 
mcufh  is  the  fafeft  place  to  lie  at  with 
an  eafterly  wind ;  but  at  New-Bedford 
you  will  lie  fafe  at  die  wharves.  The 
river  has  plenty  of  fmall  filh,  anc  » 
fhort  way  from  its  mouth  they  catch 
cod,  bafs,  black  fifh,  fheeps  head,  &c. 
The  damage  done  by  the  Britifh  to  this 
town  in  177S  amounted  to  the  value  of 
jCq 7,000.  It  is  now  in  a  flourifhing 
ftate.  In  the  townfhip  are  a  poft-ofhce, 
a  printing-office,  3  meetings  for  Friendf, 
and  3  for  Congregationalifts,  and  3313 
inhabitants.  The  exports  to  the  differ" 
ent  States  and  to  the  Weft-Indies  for 
one  year,ending  Sept.  30, 1 794,  amount- 
ed to  82,085  dollars.  It  is  357  miles 
N.  E.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Newbbrn,  one  of  the  eaftern  mar- 
itime diftrifts  of  N.  Carolina,  bounded 
E.  and  S.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  W.  by 
Wilmington,  W.  by  Fayette,  N.  W.  by 
Hillfborough,  N.  by  Halifax,  and  N.  £. 
by  Edenton  diftridr.  It  comprehends 
the  counties  of  Carteret,  Jones,  Craven, 
Beaufort,  Hyde,  Pitt,  Wayne,  Glafgow, 
Lenoir,  and  Johnfton  ;  and  contains 
.<i5>540^  mhabitants,  including  15,900 
flaves. 

NewBBRNjthe  capital  of  the  above 
rfiftri(^f,  is  a  poft-town  and  port  of  entr\ , 
fituated  in  Craven  co.  on  a  flat,  fandy 
point  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  the  rivers  Neus  on  the  N.  and  Trent 
on  the  fouth.  Oppofite  to  the  town, 
the  Neus  is  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  and 
die  Trent  three-quarters  of  a  mile  wide. 
Newbern  is  thelargeft  town  in  the  Statc^ 
contains  about  400  houfes,  all  built  of 
wofjd  except  the  palace,  the  church, 
the  gaol,  and  two  dwelling-lioufes, 
which  are  of  brick.  The  palace  was 
erefted  by  the  prwince  before  the  rev- 
olution, and  was  formerly  the  refidence 
of  the  governors.  It  is  large  and  ele- 
gant, two  ftonoi  high,  with  two  wings 
for  offices,  a  lifde  advanced  in  front 
towards  the  town  ;  thefe  wings  are  con- 
netted  with  the  principal  building  by  ^ 
circular  arcade.  It  is  much  out  of  re- 
pair {  and  the  only  ufe  to  which  thii 

oocc 


NEW 

•nceliandfome  and  well  fuminied  build* 
ing  IS  now  applied,  is  for  i'chools.  One 
«f  the  halls  is  ufed  for  ai'chool,  and  an- 
other for  a  dancing-room.  The  arms 
of  the  king  of  Great-Britain  ftill  appear 
in  a  pediment  in  front  of  the  building. 
The  Epifcopalian  church  is  afmall  brick 
building,  with  a  bell.  It  is  the  only 
houfe  for  public  worlhip  in  the  place. 
The  court-houfe  is  raifed  on  brick  arch- 
es, fo  as  to  render  the  lower  part  a 
convenient  market  place ;  but  the  prin- 
cipal marketing  is  don.,  with  the  people 
in  their  canoes  and  boats  at  the  river 
lide.  In  September,  1791,  near  one 
third  of  this  town  was  confunitd  by 
fire.  It  carries  on  a  confiderable  trade 
to  the  Weit-indies  and  the  different 
States  in  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  lumber, 
corn,  &c.  Tilt  exports  in  1794  amount- 
«d  t">  69,615  dollars,  it  is  140  miles 
froi.i  Raleigh,  99  S.  W.  of  Eaenton, 
loj  N.  E.  oy  N.  of  Wilmington,  238 
S.  of  Petcrfburgh  in  Virginia,  and  501 
S.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  35  ao, 
W.  long.  77  25- 

Ntw-BiscAy,  a  province  in  the  au- 
dience of  Galicia,  in  Old-Mexico  or 
New-Spain.  It  is  iaid  to  be  100  leagues 
from  E.  to  W.  and  120  from  north  to 
fouth.  It  is  a  well  watered  and  lertile 
country.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are 
rich,  not  only  m  corn,  r^tle,  &c.  but 
aifo  in  lilver  mines,  and  fome  of  lead. 

New-Boston,  atownflilpin  Hilllbo- 
rough  CO.  New-IIampfhire,  about  70 
miles  wefterly  of  Portfmouth.  It  was 
incorporated  la  .  763,  and  contains 
lioa  inhabitants. 

New-Braintree,  a  townfliip  in 
Worceftf  r  co.  Maflachufetts,  confifting 
of  about  I  j,ooo  acres  of  land,  taken  from 
Biaintree,  Br(><Alield,  and  Hardwick, 
and  was  incori.)'!  at'"d  in  175 1.  It  con- 
tains 940  inhaUufr  s,  molily  farmcis, 
and  lies  19  miles  i-K)rt;h-weft  of  Worctf- 
ter,  and  66  north-welt  of  Bcllon. 

New-Britain.     See  Aninka^Lti 
Iradort  and  Britain  Ne^M. 

New-Brit  A/N,  a  townfliip  in  Buck's 
CO.  Penafylvania. 

New-Brunswick,  in  tlj*  State  of 
New-York  is  fitualed  on  i',dLz  Kill, 
about  8  miles  S.  W.  of  Ncw-Paltz,  and 
69  north-wcfterly  of  New- York  city. 

New-Brunswick,  in  MidiUcfex  co. 
New-Jerley.    See  Bnaifwick^ 

Ntw-BRUNswu  K,  a  Britifh  prov- 
ince in  N.  America,  d.c  north-weft  pair 

ofNoya-Scgtigi  bounded  w^ft  ^y  ti't 


NEW 

Diftri6l  of  Maine,  from  which  it  is  fepa- 
rated  by  the  river  St.  Croix,  and  a  line 
drawn  due  north  from  its  fource  to  the 
Canada  line ;  north  by  tlie  fouthern 
boundary  of  the  province  of  Lower  Ca/- 
nada,  until  it  touches  the  fea-lhoreat 
the  weftern  extremity  of  Chaleur  Bay ; 
then  following  the  various  windings  of 
the  fea-lliore  to  the  Bay  of  Verte,  in  the 
ftraits  of  Northumberland ;  on  the  S.  E. 
it  is  divided  from  Nova-Scotia  by  the 
feveral  windings  of  the  Mifliquain  riv- 
er, from  its  cenfluence  with  Beau  Bafoa 
(at  the  head  of  Chegnedo  channel)  to 
its  main  fource ;  and  from  tlience  by  a 
due  eaft  line  to  the  Bay  of  Verte.  The 
northern  fliores  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
coi'titutethe  remainder  of  the  fouthem 
boundary.  All  iflands  included  in  the 
above  limits  belong  to  this  province- 
According  to  Arrowfmith's  map,  it  ex- 
tends from  lat.  45  7  to  47  15  N.  and 
from  long.  64  to  69  50  W.  It  is  about 
a6o  niifcs  long  and  170  broad.  The 
chief  towns  are  St.  John's,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  of  the  fame  name  ;  St.  An- 
nes,  the  prefent  feat  of  government,  80 
miles  up  the  river ;  and  Frederickftovvn, 
a  few  milei  above  St.  An  nes.  The  chief 
rivers  are  jt.  John'«,  Merrimichi,  Petit- 
codiac,  Memramcook,  Riftigouche,  and 
Nipiliguit.  The  coaft  of  rhis  province 
is  indented  with  numerous  bays  and 
commodious  harbours  ;  the  chief  are 
Chaleur,  Merrimichi,  Verte,  which  laft 
is  feparated  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  by 
a  narrow  ifthmus  of  about  18  miles 
wide  ;  Bay  of  Fundy,  which  extends 
50  leagues  into  the  country;  Chegr.ec- 
to  Bay,  at  tlic  head  of  die  Bay  of  Fun- 
dy ;  PafTamaquoddy  Bay,  bordering  up- 
on the  Difti-id  of  Maine.  At  the  en- 
trance of  this  bay  is  an  ifland  granted 
to  levcral  gentlemen  in  Liverpool,  in 
Lancalhirc,  v.  lio  named  it  Canijio  Bcllo.. 
At  a  very  conlidcrible  expenfe  they  at- 
tempted to  form  :  fctdcnient  Iverc,  but 
failed.  On  feve::'  oihci  iflands  in  this 
bay  Uii-'ic  arc  fcf  .'cmtnis  made  by  peo- 
ple fioni  MafFac.  ufetts.  Here  are  nu- 
merous  lakes,  a-  yet  without  names. 
Grand  Lake,  ne;  r  St.  John's  rive;-,  is 
30  miles  long  and  8  or  10  t;road  ;  and 
in  {■  ■••■•  j'lices  40  iiithomb  deep.  See 
Ct.v.'....''.',  St.  "Juhn's  Rivi/;  &c. 

Ni-.wiiuROU,  a  townlhip  in  Ulftcr  co. 
Nev,  York  bounded  eaflerly  by  Hud- 
f'jn's  river,  and  Ibutherly  by  Ncw- 
Windfor,  and  contains  1365  inhabitant? ; 
(i|  ■•„  hiiDiyji  arc  (^dors,  aiid  ;  7  flavet. 

The 


I' 


f'^^ 


I    K 


NEW 

The  compa<fl:  part  of  the  town  is  neatly 
buUt,  »nd  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  wen 
baok  of  the  Hudiun^  66  miles  north  of 
New- York,  oppofiie  Filh-Kill  Landing, 
7  miles  from  Filh-Kill,  13  from  Golhcn, 
asd  14  fouth  from  Poaghkeepfie.  It 
confifts  of  between  50  and  60  houfes 
and  a  Prcfbytttrian  church,  fituated  on  a 
gentle  aicent  from  the  river.  The  coun- 
try northward  is  wf  11  cultivated,  and  af- 
fords a  rich  profpedt.  Velfels  of  conlid- 
■tf&htc  bwt^  may  load  and  unload  at  the 
•illar¥«?s,  and  a  number  of  vdfels  are  built 
aMwAy  aedus  bufy  and  thriving  place. 

e»6WBO«T,  a  county  of  Ninety-Six 
diAii(fi',  S.  Carobna,  which  contains 
9,;;4i  inhabit-aits,  of  whom  1,14^  are 
^ives.  N«wlwrv  caurt-houfe  is  45 
miles  from  Colii«s*Oia,  and  3  a  from  Lau- 
rens court-riouie. 

Newbury,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Newbury,  the  capital  of  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  pleafantly  fituated  on  tlie  weft 
fide  of  Connefticut  river,  oppolite  to 
Haverhill,  in  Grafton  co.  New-Hamp- 
Ihire,  and  from  which  it  is  5  miles  dif- 
tant.  It  contains  about  50  houles,  a 
gaol,  a  court-houfe,  and  a  handfonie 
church  for  Congregationalifts  with  a 
lleeple,  which  was  the  firft  ereded  in 
Vermont.  The  court-houfe  ftands  on 
an  eminence,  and  commands  a  plealing 
profpeft  of  what  is  called  the  Great 
Oxbow  of  Coniicfticut  river,  wheic  are 
the  rich  intervale  lands  called  the  Little 
Coos.  Here  a  remarkable  fpring  was 
difcovercd,  al)Out  ao  years  fince,  wlucii 
dries  up  once  in  two  or  three  years.  It 
lias  a  ttrong  llndl  of  fiilphur,  and  tlirows 
up  contInti;Ll!y  ,1  pecuknr  Ju*id  of  white 
far.d  :  and  a  thick  yellow  fcum  riliis 
upon  the  watei  when  icttkd.  This  is 
th'j  more  noticeable  a?  the  wat^rr  of 
t'.c  ponds  and  rivers  in  v  mont  iut  re- 
markably clear  and  traru^irent.  Ii  is 
I  ^o  miles  norvh-ealt  of  Bennington,  Md 
417  N.  £.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  P. 
lat.  44  5.     Number  of  inhabii«nts  87.^. 

NiavBHRY,  a  townfliip  in  Klfex  co, 
Mallkchufctts,  incorporated  in  1635  ; 
fitii  red  on  the  fouthcrn  bank  of  Merri- 
mack river,  and  contains  .",,071  inhabit- 
ants. It  formerly  includca  Newbury- 
Tort,  and  with  Mciimack  rivtr  encir- 
cles it.  It  is  divided  into  five  parilhc, 
befides  a  Ibciety  of  i-ricnds,  or  Qa:.l;eis.  [ 
Dummcr  academy,  in  this  townft)i]<,  is  ( 
in  a  flourifhir.p,  ftatc  ;  it  w.-- fuunded  by 
t-Jfut.  Ow, Puuimcr  m  i  j ^6,  opened  10  , 


N  E  W 

I76.'?,  andbcorporated  in  1781.  Tho 
inhabitants  are  principally  employed  in 
hufbandry.  The  land,  particularly  iq 
that  part  of  the  town  which  lies  on  Met. 
rimack  river,  and  is  here  called  Nenvbiu 
ry-Ni^i<nvn,  is  of  a  fuperior  quality, 
under  the  beft  cultivation,  and  is  laid  by 
travellers  to  be  litde  inferior  to  tlie  moft 
improved  parts  of  Great-Britain.  Some 
of  the  high  lands  afford  a  very  extenfiva 
and  variegated  view  of  the  furrounding 
country,  the  rivers,  the  bay,  and.  the 
fea-coaft  from  Cape  Ann  to  York,  in  the 
Diftrift  of  Maine.  Some  few  yefl'els 
are  here  owned  and  employed  in  the 
fifliery,  part  of  which  are  fitted  out  from 
Parker  river.  It  rifes  in  Rowley,  and 
after  a  cotirle  of  a  few  miles,  pafles  into 
the  found  which  leparates  Plumb-Ifland 
from  the  main  land.  It  is  navigable 
about  two  miles  from  its  mouth.  A 
woollen  manufadfory  has  been  eftablifh- 
cd  on  an  extenCve  fcale  in  Byefield 
pariih,  and  promifes  to  fucceed.  This 
townfhip  is  connefted  with  Salilbuty  by 
EfTex  M(— rimack  bridge,  about  a  milc» 
above  Newbury-Port,  built  in  179a.  At 
the  place  where  the  bridge  is  ereded, 
an  ifland  divides  the  river  into  two 
brancha  :  an  arch  of  160  feet  diameter, 
40  feet  abo^e  the  level  of  high  water, 
connefts  this  iflaud  with  die  main  oh 
the  oppofue  fide.  The  whole  length  of 
the  bridge  is  1030  feet ;  its  breadth  34  ; 
its  conteutj  inf-watds  of  6coo  tons  of  tim- 
ber. The  n»o  large  arches  were  exccux 
ted  from  a  model  invented  by  Mr.  Tim- 
othy Painer,  an  ingenious  houlewright 
in  Newbui'  'ort.  The  whole  is  exe- 
cuted in  a  K  vie  far  exceeding  any  thing 
of  the  kind  hitherto  eflayed  in  thiSi 
country,  and  appears  to  unite  elegance,, 
flrength  and  fii  mnefs.  TI.e  day  before 
the  bridge  was  pened  for  the  inipedion 
of  the  public, ..  fliip  of  350  tons  palled 
under  the  grot  arch.  There  is  a  com- 
modious houfc  of  entertainment  at  the 
biit'gc,  which  n  the  refort  of  parties  of 
plcrtlui'',  ixith  in  funimer  and  winter. 

Nt\*  j.LKv-PoRT,  a  port  of  entry, 
«rid  pofr-town  in  ElTex  co.  Mafiiichu- 
feits  ;  pleafantly  lituated  on  the  S.  lide 
of  il<"rriinack  i  ivei ,  about  3  miles  from 
ti»c  /  a.  In  d  ccf.mtnlil  view  it  is 
nex'  HI  nak  to  Sakni.  Itoontains  4837 
inhabitaiy,  althr o-gh  it  is,  p^-rhaps,  the 
fmalkft  i>/*r.fliip  in  the  State,  it»  con- 
ten's  n'.«  '  »'>*'"<jing  f,Ao  acres.  It  wi'h 
Aibury,  .fid  incorporated 
i  .     ;      ia._  cktfchcs,  6  in  cumber,. 

arc 


NEW 

are  ornamented  %vith  fteeples ;  the  oth- 
er public  buildings  are  the  court-houfe, 
gaol,  a  bank,  and  4  public  fchool-houfes. 
To  the  honour  of  this  town,  there  are 
in  it  xo  public  fchools,  and  ^  printing- 
offices.  Many  of  the  dweliing-houles 
are  elegant.  Before  die  war  there  were 
many  mips  built  here ;  but  fome  years 
after  the  revolution,  the  bufinefs  was  on 
the  decline :  it  now  begins  to  revive. 
The  Bofton  and  Hancock  continental 
frigates,  were  built  here,  and  many  pri- 
vateers, during  the  war.  The  harbour 
is  fafe  and  capacious,  but  difficult  to  en- 
ter. See  Merrimack  River.  The  Ma- 
rine Society  of  this  town,  and  otlier  gen- 
tlemen in  it,  have  humanely  erected 
feveral  fmall  houfco,  on  the  fhore  of 
Plumb-Ifland,  furniflied  with  fuel  and 
other  conveniences,  for  the  relief  of  fhip- 
wrecked  mariners  Large  quantities  oi 
rum  are  diftilled  in  Newbury-Port,  there 
is  alfo  a  brewery  ;  and  a  confiderahle 
trade  is  carried  on  with  the  Weft-Indies 
and  the  fouthern  States.  Somt;  veffels 
are  employed  in  the  freighting  bufinefs, 
and  a  few  in  the  fifliery.  In  Nov.  1 790, 
there  were  owned  in  this  port,  6  ihips, 
45  brigiuitines,  35)  fchooners,  and  z8 
Hoops  ;  making  in  all,  11,870  tons. 
The  exports  for  a  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 
J794,  amounted  to  363,380  dollars.  A 
machine  for  cutting  nails,  has  been  lately 
invented  by  Mr.  Jacob  Perkins  of  this 
town,  a  gentleman  of  great  mechanical 
genius,  which  will  turn  out,  if  neceflliry. 
-00,000  nails  in  a  day.  Newbury-Port 
IS  40  miles  north-north-eaft  of  Bofton, 
22  fbuth-by-weft  of  Portfmoudi,  13  N, 
of  Ipfwich,  and  389  north-eaft  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  harbour  has  10  tlithoms 
water :  high  water  at  full  and  change 
15  minutes  after  ir  o'clock.  The 
light-houfe  on  Plumb-Ifland  lies  in  4a 
47  north  latitude,  and  in  70  47  weft  lon- 
gitude. 

New-Cai.edonia,  the  name  given 
by  the  Scotch  to  the  iil-fauxl  lettltiuent 
wliich  that  nation  formed  on  the  Ifth- 
mus  of  Darien,  and  on  tiie  .f-<;ith-weft 
fide  of  the  gulf  of  that  name.  1  s  (it- 
uatcd  eaftward  of  the  narroweft  p^.  of 
the  ifthmus,  vk-hich  is  between  Panaj!j;i 
and  Porto  Bell'^,  and  lies  iouth-eaft  of 
the  btter  city.  The  fettlenitnt  was 
formed  in  1698.     Sec  Darien. 

New-C  ANTON,  a  imall  town  lately 
eftabliihed  in  Buckmghiimco.  Virginut, 
on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  James's  river,  70 
Ruici  4buvc  Richmond.    It  ccataios  d. 


av<i 


N  E  W 

few  lioufes,  and  a  ware-houfe  for  ia- 
fpedling  tobacco. 

Nkw-Ca8tlb,  the  moft  northern 
county  of  Delaware  State.  It  is  about 
40  miles  in  length  and  so  in  breadth, 
and  contains  19,686  inliabitants,  inclu- 
ding a,56a  flaves.  Here  are  two  fnufF- 
mills,  a  flitting-mill,  4  paper-mills,  60 
for  grinding  different  kinds  of  grain, 
and  feveral  fulling-mills.  The  chief 
towns  of  this  cffunty  are  Wilmington 
and  New-Caftle.  The  land  in  u  it 
more  broken  tlian  any  other  part  of  the 
State.  The  heights  of  Chriitiana  are 
lofty  and  commanding. 

New-Castlk,  a  poft-town,  and  the 
feat  of  juftice  of  the  rihove  county.  It 
is  fituated  on  the  weft  lide  of  Delaware 
river,  5  mile?  Ibuth  of  Wilmington  and 
33  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
about  70  houles,  a  court-houfe  and  gaol; 
a  church  for  Epifcopalians  and  another 
for  Prefbyterians.  This  is  the  oldeft 
town  on  Delaware  river,  having  been 
fettled  by  the  Swedes,  about  thu  year 
1627,  who  called  it  Stockholm^  after  the 
metropolis  of  Sweden.  When  it  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  Dutch,  it  received 
the  name  of  Nc-v)'AmJhrdam ;  and  the 
Englifli,  when  tliey  took  pofTeflion  of 
the  country,  gave  it  the  nameof  A'iny- 
Cajlle.  It  was  lately  on  tlv  decline  ; 
but  now  begins  to  floiirifh.  l-  rs  arc  to 
be  built,  which  will  afford  a  lafc  retreat 
to  velfels,  during  the  winter  fcai'on. 
Tliefe,  when  completed,  will  add  con- 
(iderably  to  its  advantages.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  i673>  by  the  governor  of 
New-York,  and  was  for  many  years  un- 
der the  management  of  a  baiiin"  and  lix 
affiftants.    N.lat.  3938. 

New-Castle,  a townlhip  in  Weft- 
Chefter  co.  New-York,  taken  fiom 
"N'orth-Caftlc  in  1 791,  and  incorporated. 
In  1796,  there  were  15 1  of  the  inhabit- 
ants qualified  eledors. 

New-Castle,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
county  of  Rockingham,  New-Hamp- 
Ihire,  was  incc  iporated  in  1693,  and 
contains  534  inhabitants. 

Nf.w-Castle,  >i  finall  poft-town  in 
Lincoln  CO.  Diftri(fi:  of  Maine,  fituated 
between  Damafcottc  and  Skungut  rivers, 
ft  is  10  niiies  E.  by  N.  of  Wifcalfct,  66 
N.  E.  of  Portland,  and  193  N.  by  E.  of 
H(jftun  TIk  townfliip  contains  896^ 
inhabitams. 

NEw-CAsrr.f,  a  poft-town  of  Hano- 
ver CO.  Virginia,  iituated  at  the  rnouth 
of  Aliecjuin  creek,  ol  the  S.  W.  fide  of 

Pamunky 


P.is 


,<1 


il 


1!  ; 


X\\ 


»H'wmw"-«iWiW»  ■ 


NEW 


NEW 


Pamunky  river,  and  contain^;  about  .^6 
houfes.  It  is  54  miles  N.  W.  of  Wil- 
lianifburg,  24  N.  E.  of  Richmond,  and 
397  from  Philadelphia. 

New-Chester,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  Ntvv-Hampfhire,  fituated  on  the 
W.  iideof  Pcmigewaflet  river.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1778,  and  contains  31a 
inhabitants.  It  is  about  13  miles  below 
the  town  of  Plymouth. 

Nkw-Concord,  formerly  called 
Gu'ithnvake,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co. 
JNew-Hamprtiire,  on  Amonoofuck  river, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1768,  and  con- 
tains 147  inhabitants. 

Nnw-CoRBUDA,  a  town  of  Uie  prov- 
ince of  Tucanian,  in  South-America. 

New-Cornwall,  a  townfliip  in  Or- 
ange CO.  New-York  ;  bounded  norther- 
ly by  Ulfter  co.  and  eafterly  by  Hud- 
urn's  river  and  Ilaverftrav/.  It  contains 
4,215  inhabitants,  inclufive  of  167  flaves, 
Me  W.Dublin,  atownlhip  in  Lunen- 
biu'g  CO.  Nova-Scotia  ;  fituated  on  Ma- 
hone  Bay ;  firft  fettled  by  Irifli,  and 
afterwaras  by  Germans. 

New-Durham, in  Strafford  county, 
New-Hamp(hire,  lies  on  the  eaft  coall 
of  Winnepiffeoga  I.ake,  weft  of  Merry 
Meeting  Bay,  nearly  40  miles  north- 
weft  of  Portfmouth.  Incorporated  in 
1763,  having  554  inhabitants. 

Nkw-Edinburgh,  a  new  fettlement 
in  Nova-Scotia. 

Newenham,  Cupe,  is  the  north  point 
of  Briftol  Bay,  on  the  north-v/eit  coaft 
of  North-America.  All  along  the  coaft 
die  flood  tide  i'ets  ftrongly  to  the  north- 
weft,  and  it  is  high  water  about  noon 
on  full  and  change  days.  W.lat.  58  42, 
W.  long.  i6a  24. 

NEW-ENGLAND,  (or  Northern 
or  Eastern  States)  lies  between  41 
and  about  48  N.  lat.  and  between  64 
SJii  and  74  8  W.  longitude  ;  bounded 
north  by  Lower-Canada ;  eaft  by  the 
province  of  New-Brunfwick  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  ;  fouth  by  the  fame 
ocean,  and  Long-Ifland  Sound  ;  weft  by 
the  Siato  of  New-York.  It  lies  in  the 
form  of  a  i)uarter  of  a  circle.  Its  w-  ft 
line,  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Byr..,ij 
river,  which  empties  into  Lon[;-inHnd 
Sound,  at  the  fouth-weft  cornet  A  Con- 
nedicut,  lat.  41  runs  a  little  E.  of  N. 
until  it  ftrikes  the  45th  dtgrce  of  l«n- 
tude;  and  then  curves  to  the  eaftw.rd 
almoft  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawren 
This  grand  divilion  of  the  United  Slates 
cojnprchends  ihe  Stitcs  of  I'eUmnt, 


Netu-fJafnpJIiire,  Majfachufetts,  (includ- 
ing the  DiJhUi  of  Maine,)  Rhode-IJland 
and  Providence  Plantations,  and  ConneC' 
tictit.    New-England  has  a  very  health- 
ful climate.     It  is  eftimatcd  that  aboiit 
one  in  feven  of  the  inhabitants  live  to 
the  age  of  70  years ;  and  about  one  in 
thirteen  or  fourteen  to  80  and  upwards. 
North-weft,  weft  and  fouth-weft  winds 
are  the  moft  prevalent.    Euft  and  north- 
eaft  winds,  which  are  unelaftic  and  difa- 
greeable,  are  frequent  at  certain  feafons 
of  the  year,  particularly  in  April  and 
May,  on  the  fea-coafts.    The  weather 
is  lefs  variable  than  in  the  middle,  and 
efpeciallv  the  fouthern  States,  and  more 
fo  than  in  Canada.    The  extremes  of 
heat  and  cold,  according  to  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer,  arc  from  20°  below,  tx> 
100"  above  o.     The  medium  is  from 
48  to  50°.    The  difeafes  inoft  prevalent 
in  New-England,  are  alvine  fluxes,  St. 
Anthony's  hre,  afthma,atrophy,catarrht 
cholic,  inflammatory-flow-nervous  and 
mixed  fevers,  pulmonary  confumption, 
quinfy,  and  rheumatifm.    A  late  writer 
has  obferved,  that  "  in  other  countries, 
men   are   divided   according  to  their 
wealth  or  indigence,  into  three  claffes ; 
the  opulent,  tlie  middling,  and  the  poor; 
the  idlenefs,  luxuries,  and  I'ebaucheries 
of  the  firft,  and  the  mifery,  and  too  fre- 
quent intcmperaoce  of  the  laft,  deftroy 
the  greater  proportion  of  thcle  two. 
The  intermediate  clafs  is  below  thofe 
indulgencies  which  prove  fatal  to  the 
rich,  and  above  thofe  fufferintvs  to  which 
the  unfortunate  poor  fall  vi<5tims :  this 
is  therefore  the  happiefL  divifion  of  tlie 
three.    Of  tlie  rich  and  poor,  the  Amcr 
ican  republic  furniflies  a  much  fmaller 
proportion  tlian  any  other  diftrid  of  the 
known  world.     In  Conne(5ticut,  partic- 
ularly, the  diftribution  of  wealth  and  its 
concomitants,  is  more  equal  than  clfe- 
where,  and  therefore,  as  far  as  excels, 
or  want  of  wealUi,  may  prove  deftruc- 
tive  or  falutary  to  lift ,  the  inhabitants 
of  this    State  may    plead   exemption 
from  difeafes."     What  this  writer,  Di. 
Foulkc,  fays  of  Connedicut  in  i^artic- 
ular,  vill,  with  very  few  excerptions, 
apply  to  New-England  ;!t  laicij. 

New-England  is  a  hjgh,  hilly,  and 
ui  lome  parts  a  niountainr  .s  countiy, 
formed  by  nature  to  be  ii.aabued  by  a 
hardv  race  of  free,  indep«.idtn  repub- 
licans. The  nunuuiiins  ait-  con|>ara. 
tivtiy  liiiall,  running  nearly  north  and 
kuthio  ridges  pauiiel  to  'Hch  other. 

iictwt^n 


NEW 


NEW 


Between  thefe  ridges,  flow  the  great 
fivers  in  majeftic  meanders,  receiving 
the  innunrjerable  rivuleta  and  larger 
ftreams  which  proceed  from  the  mo-.n- 
tains  on  each  fide.  To  a  fped>ator  on 
the  top  of  a  neighbouring  mountain,  the 
Tales  between  the  ridges,  while  in  a 
ftate  of  nature,  exhibit  a  romantic  appear- 
ance. They  feem  an  ocean  of  woods, 
fwellcd  and  depvefl'ed  in  its  furface  like 
that  of  the  great  ocean  itfelf.  A  richer, 
though  lefs  romantic  view  is  prclcntcd, 
when  the  vallies  have  been  cleared  of 
their  natural  growth  by  the  induttrious 
hufbandmenjand  the  fruit  of  their  labour 
appears  in  loaded  orchards,  extenfive 
meadows,  covered  with  large  herds  of 
fheep  and  neat  cattle,  and  rich  fields  of 
flax,  corn,  and  the  various  kinds  of 

grain.  Thefe  vallies  arc  of  various 
readths  from  two  to  twenty  miles ;.  and 
by  the  annual  inundations  of  the  rivers 
and  fmaller  llreams,  which  flow  through 
them,  there  is  frequently  an  accumula- 
tion of  rich,  fat  foil  Idt  upon  the  iurface 
when  the  waters  retire.  The  principal 
rivers  in  New-England  are  Penobfcot, 
Kennebcck,  Andmfcoggin,  or  Amar- 
ifcoggin,  Saco,  Merrimack,  Connedl- 
icut,  Houfatonic,  Otter  Creek,  and  On- 
ion  rivers ;  befides  many  fmaller  ones. 
New-England,  generally  fpeaking,  is 
better  adapted  for  grazing  than  for 
grain,  though  a  fufEcient  quantity  of 
the  latter  is  raifed  for  home  confump- 
tion,  if  we  except  wheat,  which  is  im- 
ported in  confiderable  quantities  from 
the  middle  and  fouthern  States.  Indian 
corn,  rye,  oats,  barley,  buck-wheat, 
flax  and  hemp,  generally  fucceed 
very  well.  Apples  are  common,  and 
in  general  plenty  in  New-England  ;  and 
cyder  conflitutes  the  principal  drink  of 
the  inhabitants.  Peaches  do  not  thrive 
fo  well  as  formerly.  The  other  com- 
mon fruits  are  more  or  lei's  cultivated  in 
different  part?.  The  high  and  rockv 
ground  is  in  many  parts  covered  witli 
clover,  and  generally  afFords  the  beft 
of  paftiire  ;  and  here  are  raifed  feme  of 
*'.\e  lineft  cattle  in  the  world.  The 
quantity  of  butter  and  cheefe  made  for 
exportation  is  very  great.  Confiderable 
attention  has  lately  been  paid  to  the 
raifing  of  fhcep.  This  is  die  moft  pop- 
ulous divifioii  -•>(  the  United  State*;,  it 
contained,  according  to  the  cenfus  of 
790,  i,oo9,tai  fouls.  The  great  body 
of  thcH- arc  la  dholders  ard  cultivators 
•f  the  foii.    As  they  pofieisy  in  fee  fun- 


pie,  the  farms  which  they  cultivate,  they 
are  nixturally  attached  to  their  country ; 
the  cultivation  of  the  foil  makes  them 
robufl  and  healthy,  and  enables  them  to 
defend  it.  New-England  may,  with 
propriety,  be  called  a  nurfery  of  men, 
v/hence  are  annually  iranlplantcd,  into 
ot'icr  parts  of  the  Unhed  States,  thou- 
fands  of  its  natives.  Vaft  numbers  of 
them,  fince  the  war,  have  emigrated  in- 
ta  the  northern  parts  of  New-York,  into 
Kentucky  and  the  Weftern  Territory, 
and  into  Georgia,  and  fome  are  fcatter- 
ed  into  every  State  and  every  town  of 
note  in  the  Union. 

The  inhabitants  of  New-England  are, 
almoft  univerfally,  of  Englilh  delcent ; 
and  it  is  owing  to  this  circumftance, 
and  to  the  great  and  general  attention 
that  has  been  paid  to  education,  that 
the  Errglilh  language  has  been  preferv- 
ed  among  them  fo  free  from  corruption. 
Learning  is  diff'.ifod  more  univerlally, 
among  all  rauiis  of  people  here,  than  in 
any  other  part  of  tlie  glolx:  j  ariling 
from  the  excellent  eilablifliment  of 
fchools  in  almoft  every  towndiip,  and 
the  extenlive  circulation  of  newfpapcrs. 
The  firft  attempt  to  form  a  regular  fet- 
tlement  in  this  country,  was  at  Sagada- 
hock,  in  1607,  but  the  year  after,  the 
whole  number  who  furvived  the  winter, 
returned  to  England.  The  firft  com- 
pany that  laid  \hc  foundation  of  the 
New-England  States,  planted  themfel ves 
at  Pl'ynnouth,  November,  i6jo.  The 
founders  of  the  colony  confifted  of  but 
roi  fouls.  In  1640,  the  importation  of 
fettlers  ceafod.  Perfecution,  (tlie  mo- 
tive which  had  led  to  tranfportation  to 
America)  was  over,  by  the  change  of 
affairs  in  EngLind.  At  this  rmc,  the 
number  of  paflcngers  who  had  come 
over,  in  298  veflels,  from  the  beginning 
of  the  colony,  amounted  to  zi.zoo  men, 
women  and  children ;  perhaps  about 
4,000  families.  In  1 7A0,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  in  Maffichufetts  Bay,  New- 
Hampihire,  Connecticut,  and  Rhode- 
Ifland,  amounted,  probably,  to  halt  a 
million, 

New-Fairvjeltv,  the  north-weftem- 
moft  townlhip  in  Fairfield  co.  Connrdi- 
cut. 

New-Faky.,  the  chief  town  of  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  is  fituated  on  Weft 
river,  a  little  to  the  north-weft  of  Brat- 
tleborough.     It  has  660  inhabitants. 

NKwFOUNDLrtND  IJland,  on  the  call 
lide  of  tbe  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  fep- 

urated 


% 


WA 


t  ■1 


ii  • 

1! 


NEW 


NEW 


arated  from  the  coaft  of  Labrador  on  the 
north  by  the  Straits  of  Beliile,  which 
is  about  a  I  miles  wide.    It  is  (itiiated 
between  lat.  46  45  and  51  46  N.  and 
between  long.  5a  ;,i  and  59  40  W.frotn 
Greenwich ;  being  ;,8i  miles  long,  and 
from  40  to  287    miles  broad.     The 
coafts  are  fubjeift  to  fogs,  attended  with 
almoft  continual  ftorms  of  fnow  and 
■fleet,  the  flcy  being  ufually  overcaft. 
From  the  foil  of  this  iiland  the  British 
reap  no  great  advatage,  for  the  cold  is 
long  continued   and  fevere ;  and  tlie 
fummer  heat,  though  violent,  warms  it 
not  enough  to  produce  any  thing  valu- 
able ;  for  the  foil,  at  leaft  in  thoie  parts 
of  the  ifland  which  have  been  explored, 
is  rocky  and  barren.    However,  it  is 
watered  by  feveral  good  rivers,  and  has 
many  large  and  g(»od  harbours.    This 
ifland,    whenever    the  continent  fhall 
come  to  fail  of  timber,  convenient  to 
ravigation  (which  on  the  fea-coaft  per- 
haps will  be  at  no  very  remote  period) 
it  is  faid  will  afford  a  large  fupply  for 
mails,  yards,  and  all  forts  of  lumber  for 
the  W.  India  trade.    But  what  at  pref- 
ent  it  is  chiefly  valuable  for,  is  the  great 
filhery  of  cod  carried  on  upon  thole 
(bonis,  which  are  called  the  Banks  of 
Newfoundland.    Great-Britain  and  the 
U.  States,  at  the  loweft  computation,  an- 
nually employ  3000  lail  offmall  craft  in 
this  lifhery ;  on  board  of  which,  and  on 
ffiore  to  cure  and  pack  the  fi(h,  are  up- 
wards of  ioo,coo  hands ;  fo  that  this 
fifhery  is  not  only  a  very  valuable  branch 
of  tiade  to  the  merchant,  but  a  fource 
of  livelihood   to   many  thoufands   of 
poor  peop?e,  and  a  moft  excellent  nur- 
iery  to  the  royal  navy.    This  (ifliery  is 
computed  to  increafe  the  national  ftock 
3oo,cool .  a  year  in  gold  and  filver,  re» 
niitted  for  the  cod  fold  in  the  north,  in 
Spain,  Portugal,  Italy,  and  the  I.evant. 
The  plenty  of  cod,  both  on  the  great 
bank  and  the  lefl'er  ones,  which  fie  to 
the  F.  and  S.  E.  of  diis  ifland,  is  incor- 
ceivable  ;  and  not  only  cod,  but  feveral 
other  fpccies  of  fifli,  are  caught  there  in 
abundance  ;  all  of  which  arc  nearly  in 
an  ecjual   plenty   along  the  fliores  of 
Newfoundland,     Nova-Scotia,     New- 
England,  and  the  ifle  of  Cape  Breton  ; 
and  very  profitable  lifheries  arc  tarri'  d 
on  upon  all  their  coafls. 

This  ifland,  after  various  d'fputes  a- 
boui  the  property,  was  enti.ely  ceded 
to  England  by  the  treaty  wf  (Ttrecht.  in 
J71J  ;  but  tlu'  Fiendi  vicic  left  at  liber- 


ty to  dry  their  nets  on  the  northern 
ihores  of  the  ifland ;  and  by  the  treaty 
of  176.1,  they  were  permitted  to  fiih  in 
tlie  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  but  with  this 
limitation,  that  they  fhould  not  approach 
within  three  leagues  of  any  of  the  coalls 
belonging  to  England.  The  fmsdl  iil- 
ands  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  fituat- 
ed  to  the  fouthward  of  Newfoundland, 
were  alfo  ceded  to  the  French,  who  ftip- 
ulated  to  erfeft  no  fortifications  on  thefe 
iflands,  nor  to  keep  more  than  50  fol- 
diers  to  enforce  the  police.  By  the  laft 
treaty  of  peace,  the  French  are  to  enjoy 
the  nflieries  on  the  north  and  on  the 
weft  coafts  of  the  ifland  ;  and  the  in- 
habitants of  the  United  States  are  allow- 
ed the  fame  privileges  in  ^hing,  as  be- 
fore their  ind-^pendence.  Ine  chief 
towns  in  Newfoundland  are,  Placentia, 
Bonavifta,  and  St .  Jdui's :  but  not  above 
r,ooo  families  remain  here  in  winter. 
A  fmall  fquadron  of  men  of  war  arc  fent 
out  every  fpring  to  protect  the  fiflieriei 
and  inhabitants,  th;?  admiral  of  which, 
for  the  time  being,  is  governor  of  the 
ifland,  befldes  whom,  there  is  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor, who.refides  at  Placen- 
tia. In  1785,  Great-Britain  employed 
in  the  New-foundland  fifliery,  29* 
fifliing  fliips,  and  58  colony  fliips,  who^ 
tonnage  together  amounted  to  41,990. 
The  fame  year,  they  carried  to  for- 
eign   markets    591,276     quintals     of 

Veflels  lie  in  the  bays  and  harbours  of 
this  ifland  in  perfect  fecurity.  being 
well  fheltered,  except  at  the  entrance, 
by  the  mountains ;  and  fome  of  theni 
(tne  whole  circuit  of  the  ifland  being  full 
of  them)  are  a  league  or  two  leagues  in 
length,  and  near  half  a  league  in  breadth, 
into  which  feveral  rivers  and  brooks  of 
excellent  water  come  from  the  adjacent 
mountains.  Thefe  alfo  are  contiguoug 
to  each  other,  being  feparated  ufually 
only  by  a  point  of  land,  feldom  exceed- 
ing two  leagues  in  breadth.  But  the 
towns  and  villages  are  only  on  the  larg- 
er and  more  commodious  bays.  The 
cod  are  ufuaJly  found  to  be  moft  abun- 
dant where  tlie  bottom  is  fandy,  and  the 
♦waft  niunerous  where  it  is  muddy,  and 
the  beft  depth  is  alfo  between  30  and 
40  fathoms.  When  a  fliip  has  taken 
her  ftation,  Itee  is  immediately  unrig- 
ged, and  a  proper  place  fdettcd  for 
curin;/  and  fecuring  the  lifh,  anil  huts 
ereded  lor  the  men  who  work  afliorc  j 
a  large  Icaffoid  is  alio  credtcd  at  the 

water ':i 


NEW 

Water's  edge,  where  the  number  of  flial- 
lops  deftine!  for  the  fiftiery  is  got  ready, 
and  alio  fecured  after  the  fealon  is  over, 
till  the  following  fummer.  Ships  firft 
entering  any  bay,  have  the  privilege  of 
applying  thefe  to  their  own  ufe.  The 
tnafter  who  arrives  firft  in  the  feafon  in 
each  of  the  numerous  harbours,  is  for 
that  year  ftyled^Lord  of  the  Harbour  ; 
who  alfo  fettles  difputes  amona  the  fifh- 
ermen.  We  fliall  not  detail  the  mode 
of  managing  and  curing  the  fifli,  which 
is  purfued  with  much  perfevei  ing  lal)Our; 
we  (hall  only  add,  that  the  Great  Bank 
of  Newfoundland,  which  may  properly 
be  deemed  a  vaft  mountain  under  water, 
is  not  lefs  than  330  miles  in  length,  and 
about  75  in  breadth.  The  clepth  of 
water  upon  it  varies  fi"om  15  to  60  fath- 
oms, and  the  bottom  is  covered  with  a 
vaft  quantity  of  fhells,  and  frequented 
by  vaft  (hoals  of  fniall  fifli,  moft  ot  which 
ferve  as  food  to  the  cod,  that  are  incon- 
ceivably numerous  and  voracious.  It  is 
a  fa(5t,  in  proof  of  the  plenty  of  cod  here, 
that  thori;h  fo  many  hundred  veflels, 
have  been  annually  loaded  with  tliem, 
for  two  centuries  paft,  yet  the  prodig- 
ious confumption  has  not  yet  lefFened 
their  plenty.  The  number  of  fowls 
called  penguins,  are  certain  marks  for 
the  bank,  and  are  never  found  off  it  ; 
thefe  are  fometimes  feen  in  flocks,  but 
more  ufually  in  pairs.  The  filhery  op 
the  banks  of  Nev/foundland,  may  be 
juftly  efteemed  a  mine  of  greater  value 
than  any  of  thofe  in  Mexico  or  Peru. 
The  French  ufed  to  employ  in  th!s  filh- 
ery 464  fhips,  tonnage  27,439 ;  and 
9,403  men.  Total  value  Xia  70,000 
fterling. 

New-Garden,  a  townfbip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

'  New-Garden,  a  fettlcment  of  the 
Friends  in  Guildford  co.  N.  Carolina. 

New-Geneva,  a  fettlement  in  Fay- 
ette CO.  Pennfylvania. 

NEW-GKRMANTOWN,apoft-tOV/nof 

New  J'.'rfcy,  fituated  in  Hunterdon  co. 
It  is  z8  miles  north-weft  of  Brunfwick, 
47  north  by  eaft  of  Trenton,  and  77 
north  eafV  by  north  of  Philadelphia. 

Nbw-Gloucestfr,  a  fniall  poft- 
town  in  Cumberland  co.  Diftrid  of 
Maine,  17  miles  northerly  of  Portland, 
and  146  north  of  Bofton.  It  was  int:or- 
porated  in  1774,  and  --ontains  t],ss  in- 
habitants. 

N E  w.Got t in g  r  *,  a  town  of  Geor- 
gia, fituHted  in  Burke  co.  *it  the  weft 
'    -—  G  G 


NEW 

bank  of  Savannah  river,  about  18  miles 
eaft  of  Waynefborough,  and  35  north- 
weft  of  Ebenezer. 

New-Granada,  a  province  in  the 
fouthern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  whofe  chief  town  is  Santa 
Fede  Bagota.    See  Cito/a. 

New-Grantham,  a  towtjfhip  in 
Chefhire  co.  New-Hamp(hire,  was  in- 
corporated in  1^61,  and  contains  ^^i 
inhabitants,  and  is  about  15  miles  fouth- 
eaft  of  Dartmouth  college. 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE,  one  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  is  fituated  be- 
tween lat.  42  41  and  45  11  north,  and  be- 
tween 70  40  and  72  28  weft  long,  from 
Greenwich  ;  bounded  north  by  Lower 
Canada ;  eaft  by  the  Diftrift  of  Maine ; 
fouth  by  Maffachufetts,  and  weft  by 
Connecticut  river,  which  feparates  it 
from  Vermont.  Its  fhape  is  nearly  thit 
of  a  right  angled  triangle.  The  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine  and  the  fea  its  leg,  the 
line  of  Maflachufetts  its  perpendicular, 
and  Connedicut  river  its  hypothenufe. 
It  contains  9,491  fcjuare  miles,  or  6,074 
240  acres ;  of  which  at  leaft  ioo,ooo 
acres  are  water.  Its  length  is  168  miles; 
its  greateft  breadth  90 ;  and  its  leaft 
breadth  19  miles. 

This  State  is  divided  into  5  counties, 
viz.  Rockingham,  Strafford,  Chefhire,^ 
Hillfborough,  and  Grafton.    The  chief 
towns  are  Fortfmouth,  Exeter,  Concord, 
Dover,  Amherft,  Keen,  Charieftown, 
Plymouth,  and  Haverhill.     Moft  of  the 
townfhips  are  6  miles  fquare,  and  the 
whole  number  of  townfliips  and  loca- 
tions is  214  ;  containing  141,885  per- 
fons,  including  158  flaves.    In  1767, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  eftimated 
at  5  2,70c.    This  State  has  but  about  18 
miles  of  fea-coaft,  at  its  fouth-eaft  cor- 
ner.   In  this  diftance  there  arc  feveral 
coves  for  fifliing  vefTels,  but  the  only 
harbour  for  fhips  is  the  entrance  of  Pif- 
cataqua  river,  the  fhores  of  which  are 
rocky.    The  Ihore  is  molUy  a  iandy 
beach,  adjt'ining to  which  are  fillt  maifh- 
c;,  intcrfci^cd  by  creeks,  which  pro-' 
duce  good  p  ilbj.re  for  cattle  atid  (Keep. 
The  intervale  lands  on  the  margin  of 
the  great  rivers  are  the  moft  valuable, 
becaufe  they  are  overflowed  and  enrich- 
ed by  the  watd-  from  the  uplands  whicl^ 
brings  afat'ilimcor  fcdiment.   OiiCon- 
ne6ticiit  river  thefe  lands  are  from  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  to  a  mile  and  an  half 
on  each  fide,  and  produce  corn,  grain, 
and  grafs,  efpecijly  wheat,  in  greater 

abuudaucs 

''■\ 


*■    '■I: 


f 


N  fr  w 


NEW 


! 


abundance  and  perfeftion  than  the  fame 
kind  of  foil  does  in  the  higher  lands. 
The  wide  fpreading  hills  are  eftecmed 
as  warm  and  rich  :  rocky  moift  land  is 
accounted  good  tor  paiturc  ;  drained 
fwamps  have  a  deep  mellow  foil ;  and 
the  viulies  between  the  hills  are  gener- 
ally very  produiflive^    Agriculture  is 
the  chief  occupation  of  tht  mhabitants  'y 
beef,  pork,  mutton,  poultry,  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,barley,pulfc,  butter, cheefe, 
hops,  efculent  roots  and  plants,  ftax, 
hemp,  &c.-  are  articles  which  will  al- 
ways find  a  market,  and  are  raifed  in 
immenfe  quantities  in  New-Hamplhirc, 
both  for  home  cDnfumption  and  expor- 
tation.  Api>les  and  pears  are  the  moft 
common'  miits  cultivated  in  this  State, 
and  no  hulbandman  thinks  his  farm  com- 
plete witliout  an  orchard.   Tree  fruit  of 
the  firft  quality,  cannot  be  raifed  in  fuch 
a  northern  climate  as  this,  without  par- 
ticular attention.   New- York,  New-Jer- 
fey  and  Pennfylrania  have  it  in  pei  fac- 
tion.   As  you  depart  from  that  tradtr 
either  fouthward  or  northward,  it  de- 
generates.   The  uncultivated  lands  are 
covered  with  extenfive  forefts  of  pine, 
£r,  cedar,  oak,  walnut,  Sec,  For  climate, 
difeafes,  &c.  fee  New  Engknd.    New- 
Hanjpftiire  is  interfered  by  feveral  ran- 
ges of  mountains.    The  firft  ridge,  by 
the  name  of  the  Blue  Hills,  paffes  thro' 
Rochefter,  Barrington  and  Nottingham, 
aind  the  feveral  fiimmits  are  diftinguifh- 
ed  by  different  names.   Behind  thefe 
are  feveral  higher  detacKcd  mountains. 
Farther  back  the  mountains  rife  ftill 
higher,  and  among  the  third"  range,Cho- 
corua,  Oflapy,  and  Kyarfarge,  are  the 
principal.     Beyond  tnefe  is  the  lofty 
ridge  which  divides  the  branches,  of 
Connecfticut  and  Merrimack  rivers,  de- 
nominated the  Height  of  Land,    In  this 
ridge    is   the   celebrated  Monadnock 
mountain.    Thirty  miles  N.  of  which 
is  Sunapee,  and  48  miles  further  is 
Moofehillock,  called  alfo  Moolhelock 
mountain.  .  The  ridge  is  then  continu- 
ed northerly,  dividing  the  waters  of  the 
river  Connedlicut  from  thofe  of  Saco, 
and  Amarifcoggin.    Here  the  moun- 
tains rife  much  higher,  and  the  moll  el- 
evated fiimmits  in  this  range,  are  the 
White  Mountains.    Thoi  lands  W.  of 
this  laft  mentioned  range  of  mount.iins, 
Bordering  on  Conoe<5ticut  river,  are  in- 
tei fpeifed  with  extenfive  meadows,  rich 
and  well  watered.    Ofiapy  Mo^mtain 
Mcs  aiijoining  the  towa  of  MouJtonbor- 


ough  on  the  N.  E.    In  this  town  It  i» 
obferved,  that  in  a  N.  E.  ftorm  the  wind 
falls  over  the  mountain,  like  water  over 
a  dam ;  and  wth  fuch  force,  as  fre- 
quently to  unroof  houfes.    People  who 
live  near  thefe  mountains,  by  noticing 
the  various  movements  of  attradled  va- 
pours, can  form  a  pretty  accurate  judg- 
ment of  the  weather  ;  and  they  hence 
ftyle  theie  mountains  their  Almanack. 
If  a  cloud  is  attraded  by  a  mountain, 
and  hovers  on  its  top,  they  predid  rain  ; 
and  if,  after  rain,  the  mountain  contin- 
ues capped,  they  expert  a  repetition  of 
Ihowers.    A  ftorm  is  preceded  for  fev- 
eral hours  by  a  roaring  of  the  mountain, 
which  may  be  heard  ro  or  ii  miles. 
But  the  White  Mountains  are  undoubt- 
edly the  higheft  land  in  New-England, 
and,  in  clear  weather,  are  difcovercd 
before  any  other  land,  by  veflels  com- 
ing in  to  the  eaftern  eoaft  ;  but  by  rea- 
fon  of  their  white  appearance,  are  fre- 
quently miftaketi  for  clouds.    They  are 
vifible  on  the  land  at  the  diftance  of  80 
miles,  OD  the  S.  and  S.  E.  fides ;  they 
appear  higher  when  viewed  from  the 
N.  E.  and  it  is  faid,  they  are  feen  from 
the  neighbourhood  of  Chamblee  and 
Quebec-    The  Indians  gave  them  the 
name  of  Agiocochook.    The  number 
of  fummits  in  this  clutter  of  mountains 
cannot  at  prefcnt  be  afcertained,  the 
country  around  them  being  a  thick  wil- 
derrefs.    The  greateft  number  Which 
can  be  fben  at  once,  is  at  Dartmouth, 
on  the  N.  W.  fide,  where  feven  fum- 
mits appear  at  one  view,  of  which  four 
are  balrf.    Of  thefe  the  three  higheft 
are  the  moft  diftant,  being  on  tfie  eaft- 
ern lide  of  tlie  clufter  ;-  one  of  thd*e  is 
the  mountain  which  makes  fo  majeftic 
an  appearance  all  along  the  flioreof  the 
eaftcm  counties  of  MafTachufetts :   It 
has  lately  been  diftinguilhed   by  the 
name    of    Moitnt    Washington.^ 
During  the  period  of  9  or  10  months, 
thefe  mountains  exhibit  more  or  lefs  of 
that  bright  appearance,  from  which  they 
are  denominated  white.    In  the  fpring, 
when  the  fnow  is  partly  diflblved,  they 
appear  of  a  pale  blue,  ftreaked  with 
white  ;  and  after  it  is  wholly  gone,  at 
the  diftance  of  60  miles,  tliey  are  alto» 
geiher  of  the  fame  pale  blue,  nearly  ap- 
proaching a  fky  colour  ;  while  at  the 
fame  time,  viewed  at  the  diftance  of  S 
miles  or  lefs,  they  appear  of  the  proper 
colour  of  the  rock.    Thefe  changes  are 
..ferved  by  people  who  live  within  con-^ 

itant    • 


^^ 


py 

GTON^ 

lonths, 
lefs  of 
ithey 
pring, 

they 

with 
ne,  at 

alto- 
■ly  ap- 
at  the 

of  S 
roper 
cs  are 
icon-- 
ant 


NEW 

(lant  view  of  them  ;  and  from  rfiefe 
hQi  and  obfervations,  it  may  with  cer- 
tainty be  concluded,  that  the  whitenefs 
of  them  is  wholly  caufcd  by  the  fnow, 
and  not  by  any  other  white  fubftance, 
for  in  h&  there  is  none. 

The  reader  will  find  an  elegant  de- 
fcription  of  thcfe  mountains  in  the  3d 
vol.  of  Dr.  Belknap's  Hiftory  of  New- 
Ilampfliire,  from  whicii  the  above  is  ex- 
tra^cd. 

The  moft  conliderable  rivers  of  this 
State  are  Connedicut,  Merrimack,  Pif- 
cataqua,  Saco,  Androfcoggin,  Upper 
and  Lower  Amonoofuck,  belides  many 
other  fmaller  ftreams.  The  chief  lakes 
are  Winnipifeogee,  Umbagog,  Sunapee, 
Squam,  and  Great  Offipee.  Before  the 
war,  fliip-building  was  a  fource  of  con- 
fiderable  wealth  to  this  State  ;  about 
300  veHels  were  then  annually  built, 
and  fold  in  Europe  and  in  the  WeftJn- 
dies,  but  that  trade  is  much  declined. 
Although  tills  is  not  to  be  ranked  among 
the  great  commercial  States,  yet  its 
trade  is  confiderable.  Its  exports  con- 
fift  of  lumber,  fliip-timber,  whale  oil, 
flax-feed,  live  ftock,  beef,  pork,  Indian 
corn,  pot  and  pearl  afhes,  &c.  &c.  In 
1790,  there  belonged  to  Pifcataqua  33 
veflels  above  100  tons,  and  50  under 
that  burden.  The  tonnage  of  foreign 
and  American  veflels  cleared  out  from 
the  ift  of  Odober,  1789.  to  ift  of  Odo- 
ber,  1 791,  was  31,097  tons,  of  which 
26,560  tons  were  American  veflels. 
The  fifticries  at  Pifcataqua,  including 
thelfle  of  Shoals,  employ  annually  27 
fchooners  and  ao  boats.  In  1791,  the 
produce  was  25,850  quintals  of  cod  and 
fcale  fi(h.  The  exports  from  the  port 
of  Pifcataqua  in  two  years,  viz.  from 
ift  of  Oftober,  1789,  to  ift  of  October, 
1 701,  amounted  to  the  vulue  of  296,839 
dollars,  51  cents;  in  the  year  ending 
September  30th,  1702,  181,407  dollars; 
i"  i793>  I98>i97  aoUars ;  and  in  the 
year  1794,  153,8^6  dollars.  The  bank 
of  New-Hampfliire  was  eftabliflied  in 
179a,  with  a  capital  of  60,000  dollars  ; 
by  an  adl  of  aflTembly  the  ftock-holders 
can  increafe  it  to  200,000  dollars  fpecie, 
and  100,000  dollars,  in  any  other  eftate. 
The  only  college  in  the  State  is  at  Han- 
over, called  Dartmoutli  College,  which 
is  amply  endowed  with  lands,  and  is  in 
a  flourifliing  Situation.  The  principal 
academies  are  thofe  of  Exeter,  New- 
Ipfwich,  Atkinfon,  and  Amherll.  See 
NewEnglatidt  Umted  Statts,  8cc. 


NEW 

New-Hampton,  a  ^oft-town  df 
New-Ham pfhire,fituated  in  Strafford  co. 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Lake  Winnipifeogee^ 
9  miles  S.  E.  of  Plymouth,  and  9  N.  W, 
of  Meredith.  The  townlhii?  was  incor- 
porated in  1777,  and  contains  652  in< 
liabitants. 

New-Hanover,  a  maritime  county 
of  Wilmington  diftriA,  N.  Carolina,  ex- 
tending from  Cape  Fear  river  north-eaft 
alon^  the  Atlantic  ocean.  It  contains 
6831  inhabitants,  including  373S  flave&. 
Chief  town,  Wilmington. 

New-Hanover,  a  townihip  in  Bur. 
lington  CO.  New-Jerfcy,  containing  about 
20,000  acres  of  improved  land,  and  a 
large  quantity  that  is  barren  and  uncul- 
tivated. Thecompadpartof  tlietown- 
iliip  is  called  Nfiv-AJiUs,  where  are 
about  50  houfes,  27  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia, and  13  from  Burlington. 

NEvt-HANo'vER,  a  townfliip  in  Mor- 
gan CO.  Pennfylvania. 

New-Hartford,  a  fmall  poft-town 
in  Litchfield  co.  Connedicut,  14  miles 
N.  E.  of  Litchfield,  20  W.  by  N.  of 
Hartford. 

New-Hayen  County,  Connefticut, 
extends  along  the  Sound  between  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  on  the  caft,  and  r<iiineld  co. 
on  the  weft  ;  about  30  miles  long  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  28  from  eaft  to  weft. 
It  is  divided  into  14  t^wnfliips.  It  con- 
tained in  1756,  i7>955  free  perfons,  and 
226  flavcs  ;  in  i7'4»  25,896  free  per- 
fons, and  925  (laves  ;  and  in  I790, 
30,397  free  perfons,  and  433  flaves. 

Nr.v/ -Haven,  CCityJ  the  feat  of  juf- 
tice  in  the  above  coimty,  and  the  fcmi- 
'netropolis  of  the  State.  This  city  lies 
round  the  head  of  a  bay  which  makes 
up  about  4  miles  north  from  Ix)ng  Ifl- 
and  Sound.  It  covers  part  of  a  Targe 
plain  which  is  circumfcribed  on  three 
lides  by  high  hills  or  mountains.  Two 
fmall  rivers  bound  the  city  eaft  and  weft. 
It  was  originally  laid  out  in  fquares  of 
60  rods ;  many  of  thefe  fquares  have 
been  divided  oy  crofs  ftreets.  Four 
ftieets  run  nortn-weft  and  fouth-eaft, 
and  are  crofted  by  others  at  right  angles. 
Near  die  centre  of  tlie  city  is  the  public 
fquarc,  on  and  around  which  are  the 
public  buildings,  which  are  a  ftate-houfc, 
two  college  edifices,  and  a  chapel,  three 
churches  for  Congrcgationalifts,  and  one 
for  Epifcopalian^  ;  all  which  are  hand- 
fonie  and  commodious  buildings.  The 
cullcge  edifices,  chapel,  ft?.tc-houfe,  and 
one  of  thv  churches  are  of  brick.   The 

public 


•I 


:i 


1-' 


'  I 


NEW 


NEW 


public  fqutre  is  encircled  with  rows  of 
trees,  which  render  it  both  convenient 
and  delightful.  Its  beauty,  however, 
is  greatly  diminiftied  by  the  burial- 
ftround,  and  feveral  of  the  public  build- 
ings which  occupy  a  confidcrablc  part 
or  it.  Many  of  the  ftrcets  are  orna- 
mented with  rows  of  trees  on  each  fide, 
which  give  the  city  a  rural  appearance. 
The  profpcft  from  the  fleeples  is  gre:it- 
Jy  variegated  and  extremely  beautiful. 
There  are  between  3  and  400  neat  dwcl- 
ling-houfes  in  the  city,  principally  of 
wood.  The  greets  are  fandy  but  clean. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  city,  arc 
40C0  fouls.  Abtnit  one  in  70  die  annu- 
ally. Indeed  as  to  pleafantnefs  of  (itu- 
sition  and  falubrity  of  air,  New-Haven  is 
hardly  exceeded  by  any  city  in  America. 
It  carries  on  u  confiderable  trade  with 
New-York  and  the  Weft-India  iflands. 
The  exports  for  one  year,  endinc  Sept. 
;5o,  i794»  amounted  to  the  value  of 
171,868  dollars.  Manufaiflurcs  of  card- 
teeth,  linen,  buttons,  cotton,  and  paper 
;ire  carried  on  here.  Yale  collcgc,which 
is  eftablifhed  in  this  city,  was  founded  in 
1700,  and  reniaincil  at  Killingwoith  un- 
til 1707,  then  at  Savbrook  until  .1716, 
when  it  was  rcniovcd  and  fixed  at  New- 
Ilaven.  It  has  its  name  from  its  prin- 
cip;i!  bencfaftor  (Jovernor  Yale.  There 
arc  at  prolcnt  (ix  colkm-  domiciles^  two 
<tf  which,  eaoh  100  feet  long  and  40 
wide,  are  inhabited  by  the  fludcnts,  con- 
taining 3a  chambers  each,  fuilicient  for 
lod<;ing  120  Ihidents ;  a  chapel  40  by  50 
loet,  with  a  lleeple  130  feet  high  ;  a  di- 
ning-hall  60  by  40  feet ;  a  houle  for  tlie 
prelident,  .ind  another  for  the  profeflbr 
of  divinity.  In  the  chapel  is  lodged  the 
public  library,  confifting  of  about  3, coo 
volumes,  and  tlie  philoTophical  appijra- 
ti;s,  as  complete  as  moft  others  m  the 
United  States,  and  contains  the  ma- 
chines nccefliiry  for  exhibiting  experi- 
ments in  the  whole  courfe  of  experi- 
mental philoiophy  andaftronomy.  The 
muftuni,  to  which  additions  are  con- 
Ihintly  making,  contains  many  natural 
curioilties.  From  the  year  1700  to 
179,;,  there  had  been  educated  and 
jtraduated  at  this  univerfiiy  about  2,303. 
'l'h(-  number  of  ihiderts  is  gcneiaiiy 
150.  The  harbour,  though  interior  to 
hicw-London,  has  good  ar.choruge,  with 
3  fathom  and  4  feet  water  at  common 
tides,  and-  li  fathom  at  low  water.  This 
place  and  Hartford  are  the  feats  of  the 
legiilaturc  alternately.    It  is  40  miles 


S.  W.  by  S.  C(  Hartford,  54  from  New- 
London,  88  from  New-York,  151  fron» 
Bollon,  and  183  north-eaft  of  Philadel- 
phia.    N.  lat.  41  J8,  W.  long.  7*56. 

New-IIavbn,  a  townfhip  lit  Addifon 
CO.  Vermont,  on  Otter  Creek  or  River, 
containing  733  inhabitants. 

Nbw-Hfbrii)E9,  a  clufter  of  iflands 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  fo  called  by  Capt. 
Cook  in  1794 — the  fame  as  the  Archip. 
elavo  of  the  Gnat  Cycbdet  of  Bougain- 
ville,  or  the  Terra  At{jiriil  of  C^iroS ; 
which  fee. 

New-Hampstead,  a  townfliip  in 
Orange  co.  New- York,  bounded  eaftcr- 
ly  by  Clarkftown,  and  foutherly  by  the 
State  of  New-Jerfey.  It  was  taken 
from  TIavcrftraw,  and  incorporated  'n 
1791.  Hy  the  State  cenfus  of  1796, 
theie  wciL-  345  of  its  inhabitants  qual- 
ified eIc(?tors. 

Nf.w-Hoi,df.rnf.s8,  a  townfhip  in 
Grafton  co.  Ncw-Han.pfhirc,  lituatcd 
on  the  li.  fide  of  Pemigewaflct  river, 
about  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Plymouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  con- 
tains 329  inhabitants. 

Nkw-Holland,  a  town  of  Pennfyi- 
vania,  Lancafter  co.  in  the  midft  of  a 
fertile  tounli  y.  It  contains  a  German 
church  and  about  70  houles.  It  is  la 
miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Lancafter,  and  54  W. 
N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Nkw-Huntington,  a  mountainous 
townfliip  in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont, 
on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Onion  river,  con- 
taining 136  inhabitants. 

Newichwawanick.  StcPifrataqtta. 

Newincton,  a  townfhip;  formerly 
part  of  Portfmouth  and  Dover,  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  New-Hampfl'(ire..  It  contains 
54a  inhabitants. 

New-Inverness,  in  Georgia,  is  fitiv- 
ated  near  Darien  on  Alatamaha  river. 
It  was  built  by  the  Scotch  Highlanders, 
160  of  whom  landed  here  in  1735. 

New-Ipswich,  a  townfhip  m  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  New-Hampfl\ire,  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Souhegan  river,  upon  the 
fouthern  line  of  the  State.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  176a,  and  contains  1241 
inhabitants.  There  is  an  academy, 
founded  in  1789,  having  a  fund  of  about 
X|i,coo,  and  has  generally  abouf  40  or 
50  ftudeiits.  It  is  about  24  miles  S.  E. 
of  Kcene,  and  75  W.  S,  W.  of  Portl- 
mouth. 

NEW -JERSEY,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  fituated  bet^Veen 
39  and  41  z»t  N.  latitude,  and  between 

74 


NEW 


U  44 


•nd  75 


_    ..  -    33  W         _ 

London  ;  boundea  t.by  Hudfon's  river 


longitude  fiom 


and  the  Oce;m  ;  W.  by  Dckwarc  li.iy 
and  river,    which  divide  it  from  the 
States  of  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania  ; 
N.  by  the  line  drawn  from  the  nioiith 
of  Mahakkamak  river,  in  lat.  41  14  to 
a  point  on  Hudfon's  river,  in  lat.  4i- 
It  IS  about  j6o  miles  long  and  53  broad, 
containing  about  8,310  fquare  miles, 
equal  to  5,314,800  acres.    It  is  divided 
into  13  counties,  viz.  Cape  May,  Cum- 
berland, Salem.  Gloucefter,  Burlington, 
Hunterdon,  and  S)ifl«;x;  thefe  7  lie  from 
S.  to  N.  on  Delaware  river  :  Cape  May 
and  Gloucefter  extend  acrofs  to  the  fea ; 
Bergen,  Eflex,  Middlefex,  and  Mon- 
mouth, lie  from  N.  to  S.  on  the  eaftcrn 
fide  of  the  Sute  ;  Somerfet  and  Morris 
are  inland  counties.     The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  184,130,  of  whom  11,423 
are  Haves.    The  moit  remarkable  bay  is 
Arthur  Kull,  or  Newark  Bay,  formed 
by  the  union  of  PafTaick  and  Hackinfac 
rivers.    The  rivers  in  this  State,  thouuJi 
not  large,  are  numerous.     A  traveller 
in  palling  the  common  road  from  New- 
York  to  Philadelphia,  croffes  3  confid- 
crable  rivers,  viz.  the  Hackinfac  and 
Paflaick,  between  Bergen  and  Newark, 
and  the  Rariton  by  Brunfwick.  Paflaick 
w  a  very  crooked  river.    It  is  navigable 
about  ID  miles,  and  is  130  yards  wide 
at  the  feiry.    The  e*urait,  or   Great 
Falls,  in  this  nver,  is  one  of  the  grcateft 
natural  curiofities  in  the  State.     The 
river  is  about  40  yard;,      de,  and  mcv  s 
in  a  flow,  gentle  currei,     until  comu  g 
within  a  ftiort  diftance  of ,.  deep  cleft  jn 
a  rock,  which  erodes  the  channel,  it 
defcends  and  falls  above  70  feet  pei  i>eii- 
dicularly,  in  one  enti t  c  Iheet.    One  end 
of  the  cleft,  which  v/^-  evidently  made 
by  fome  violent  convuiiion  in  nature,  is 
cfofed ;  at  the  other,  the  water  ruflies 
out  with  incredible  fwiftni^s,formii)g  an 
acute  angle  with  its  former  directu)n, 
direftion,  and  is  received  into  a  1..;  c^e 
bafon,  whence  it  takes  a  winding  couii'e 
through  the  rocks,  and  fpreads  into  u 
broad  fmooth  ftream.      The  cl(;ft  is 
trom  /  to  i:  ;>.et  broad.      The  fiiUing 
of  the  water  occafions  a  cloud  of  vapour 
to  arife,  whicn,  by  floating  amidfv:  the 
fun-bea«.is,  pefents    rainbows  to  tiie 
view,  which  adds  beauty  'Othe  tremen- 
dous fcene.     The  new  manufafturing 
town  of  Patterfon  is  erefled  upon  the 
Great  Falls  in  this  river.    Rariton  river 
is  formed  by  two  conliderable  fti  earns, 


^:i,iJWUiiJtiU^-iit 


NEW 

called  the  north  and  fbuth  brandies  i 
one  of  wiiich  las  its  fuurce  in  Mori  is* 
tJie  other   in    Hunterdon   county.      It 
paffes  by  Brunfwick  and  Ainboy,  and, 
mingling  with  the  waters  of  the  Arthur 
Kull  Sound,  helps  to  form  the  fine  har. 
hour  of  Amboy.     Bridues  have  l.itely 
been  eredted over  the  Paflaick,  Hackinfac 
and  Rariton  rivers,  on  the    pofl-ro;id 
between  Ncw-Yoik  and  Philadelphia. 
Thefe  bridges  will  greatly  facilitate  the 
intercourfc  between    thefe  two  great 
cities.    The  counties  of  SiifTex,  Morris, 
and  the  northern  part  of  Bergen,  are 
mountainous.     As  much  as  five-eighths 
of  mofl  of  the  fouthern  counties,  or  one- 
fourth  of  the  whole  State,  is  alinoft  en- 
tirely A  faiuly  barren,  unfit  in  many 
parts  for  cultivation.     All  the  varieties 
of  foil,  from  tlie  worft  to  the  befl  kind, 
may  be  found  here.     The  j'ood  land  in 
the  fouthern  counties  lies  principally  on 
the  banks  of  rivers  and  creeks.    The 
barrens  produce  little  elfe  but  fhrub- 
oaks  and  yellow  pines.    Thefe  fandy 
lands  yield  an  immenfe  quantity  ')f  boj^ 
iron  ore,  which  is  worked  up  to  great 
advantage  in  the  iron-w(jrks  in  thefe 
counties.     In  the  hilly  and  mountainous 
parts  which  art  not  too  rocky  for  culti- 
vation, the  foil  is  of  a  flronger  kind, 
and  covered  in  its  natural  ftate  with 
ftately  oaks,  hickories,  cliefnuts,  &c. 
and  when  cultivated,  produces  wheat, 
rye,  Indian  corn,  buck-wheat,  oats,  bar- 
ley, flax,  and  fruits  of  all  kinds  common 
to  the  climate.     The  land  in  this  hilly 
country  is  good  for  grazing,  and  farm- 
ers feed  gre.it  numbers  of  cattle  for 
New -York  ami  Philadelphia  markets. 
'J'he  orchards  in  many  parts  of  the  State 
c^ual  any  in   the  United  States,  and 
tlieir  cyder  is  faid,  and  not  without  rea- 
fon,  to  1)1  the  beft  in  the  world.    The 
markets  (    New-York  and  Philadelphia, 
receive  a  very  conliderable  proportion 
of  thcif  f'upplies  Irom  the  contiguous 
pans  of  New-Jerlcy.     Thefe  fupplies 
coniift  of  vegetables  of  many  kinds,  ap- 
ples, pears,  peaches,  plums,  Orawber- 
ries,  cherries  and  other  fruits — cyder  in 
large  (luanlities,  butter,   cheefe,  beef, 
pork,   nuiiton,   and  the  lefler  meats. 
The  trade  is  carried  on  alinofl  Iblely 
with  and  from  tliofe  two  great  commer- 
cial cities,  New- York  on  one  fide,  and 
Philadelphia  on  the  other  ;  though  it 
wants  not  good  ports  of  its  own.    Man- 
utatSbirts  here  have  hitherto  been  incon- 
fjdcrablc,  not  llifKcient  to  fupply  its  owa 
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confumptlon,  if  we  except  the  articles 
of  iron,  nails,  and  leather.  A  fpirit  of 
induftry  and  improvement,  particularly 
in  manufadures,  has  however,  of  late, 
gfeatly  increafed.  The  iron  manufac- 
ture is,  of  all  others,  the  greateft  fource 
of  wealth  to  the  State.  Ron-works  are 
credted  in  Gloucefter,  Burlington,  Suf- 
fex,  Moiris,  and  other  counties.  The 
mountains  in  thecounty  of  Morris  <?ivc 
rife  to  a  number  of  ftreams,  neccflary 
and  convenient  for  thefe  works,  and  at 
the  fame  time  furnifh  a  copious  fupply 
of  wood  and  ore  of  a  fuperior  qudity. 
la  this  county  alone,  are  no  Icls  than  7 
rich  iron  mines,  from  which  might  be 
taken  ore  fufficient  to  fupply  the  United 
States  ;  and  to  work  it  into  iron,  there 
are  2  furnaces,  2  rolling  and  flitting 
mills,  and  about  30  forges,  containing 
from  »  to  4  fires  each.  Thefe  works 
produce  annually,  about  540  tons  of  bar 
iron,  800  tons  of  pigs,be{ides  large  quan- 
tities of  hollow  ware,  Iheet  iron,  and 
nail-rods.  In  the  whole  Sute  it  is  fup- 
pofed  there  is  yearly  made  about  laoo 
tons  of  bar  iron,  laoo  do.  of  pigs,  80 
do.  of  nail-rods,  exclufive  of  hollow 
ware,  and  various  other  callings,  of 
which  vaft  quantities  are  made.  The  in- 
habitants are  acolleftion  of  Low  Dutch, 
Germans,  Englifli,  Scotch,  Iri(h,  and 
New-Englanders,  and  their  defcendants. 
National  attachment,  and  mutual  con- 
venience, havfc  generally  induced  thefe 
feveral  kinds  of  people  to  fettle  together 
in  a  body,  and  in  this  way  their  peculiar 
national  m2nners,  cuftoms  and  charac- 
ter, are  ftill  preferved,  efpecially  among 
the  poorer  cbis  of  people,  wno  have 
little  intercourfe  with  any  but  thofc  of 
their  own  nation.  The  people  of  New- 
Jerfey  are  generally  induftrious,  frugal, 
and  hofpitaijle.  There  are  in  this  State, 
about  50  Prelbyterian  congregations, 
fubjeft  to  the  care  of  3  Prelbyteries  ; 
belides  upwards  of  40  congregations  of 
Friends,  30  of  Baptifts,  45  of  Epifcopa- 
lians,  a8  of  Dutch  Reformed,  befides 
Methodifts.  and  a  fctdement  of  Mora- 
vians. All  thefe  religious  denomina- 
tions live  together  in  peace  and  harrpo- 
ny  ;  and  art  allowed,  by  the  conftitu- 
tion  of  the  StateJ  to  wodhip  Almighty 
God  agreeably  to  the  dictates  of  their 
own  confciences.  The  college  at 
Princeton,  called  Naflau  Hall,  has  been 
under  the  care  of  a  liicceflion  of  Preli- 
dents,  eminent  for  piety  and  learning  ; 
And  has  furnifhed  a  Dumber  of  Civilians, 


NEW 

Divines,  and  Phyficians,  of  the  firft  rank 
in  America.  It  has  coniiderable  funds, 
is  under  exc^ent  regulations,  and  has 
generally  firom  80  to  100  ftudents, 
principally  from  the  fouthern  States, 
There  are  academies  at  Freehold,  Tren- 
ton, Hackinfak,  Orangedale,  Eliza- 
beth-Town, Burlington,  aind  Newark ; 
and  grammar  fchools  at  Springfield, 
Mornllown,  Bordentown,  and  Amboy. 
There  are  a  number  of  towns  in  this 
State,  nearly  of  equal  fize  and  import- 
ance, and  none  that  has  more  than  300 
houfes  compadtly  built.  Trenton  is 
one  of  the  largeft,  and  the  capital  of 
the  State-  The  other  principal  towns 
are  Brunfwick,  Burlington,  Ambov, 
Bordentown,  Princctown,  Elizabeth- 
Town,  Newark,  and  Morriftown.  This 
State  was  the  feat  of  war  for  feveral 
years,  during  the  bloody  conteft  be- 
tween Great-Britain  and  America.  Her 
lofles  both  of  men  and  property,  in  pro. 
portion  to  the  population  and  wealth  of 
the  State,  was  greater  than  of  any  other 
of  the  Thirteen  States.  When  Gener- 
al Wafliington  was  retreating  through 
the  Jerfies,  almoft  forfakcn  by  all  oth- 
ers, her  militia  \X'ere  at  all  times  obedi- 
ent'to  his  orders ;  and,  for  a  confidera- 
ble  length  of  time,  compofed  the 
ftrength  of  his  army.  There  is  hardly 
a  town  in  the  State  that  lay  in  the  pro- 
grefs'of  the  Britifh  army,  that  was  not 
rendered  fignal,  by  fome  enterprife  or 
exploit. 

New -Jersey  Company's  Grant  of 
Lam/sVKS  on  the  E.  lide  of  Millifippi 
river;  fouth  of  Illinois,  and  north-weft 
of  the  Army  lands,  which  form  the  tra«a 
(haped  by  the  confluence  of  Ohio  with 
Miflifippi. 

New-Kekt,  a  'county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  on  the  S.  fide  of^PaJriunky  and 
York  rivers.  It  is  about  33  miles  long, 
and  I  a  broad,  and  contains  6,239  inhab- 
iunts,  including  3,70b  flaves.  New- 
Kent  court-houfe  is  30  miles  from  Rich- 
mond, and  as  far  from  Williamfburg. 

NEW-LiiBANON,apoft-town  in  Dutch, 
efs  CO.  New- York,  celebrated  for  its 
medicinal  fprings*  The  compaft  part 
of  this  '  own  is  pleafantly  fituated  partly 
in  an  extenfive  valley,  and  partly  oil 
the  declivity  of  the  furrounding  hills. 
The  fpring  is  on  the  fouth  fide,  and 
near  the  bottom  of  a  gentle  hill,  but  a 
tew  rods  weft  of  the  Maflkchufetts'  weft 
line ;  and  is  furrounded  with  feveral 
good  houfes,  which  afford  convenient 
accomiuddatiuus  ' 


accor 
who 
themd 
Water! 
and  pri 
verfityl 
mer  ofl 
at  a  lol 
thefe 
any  of  j 
impreg 
ened. 
which  i 
er  fhoul 
under 
They 
of  cool 
the  neijj 


Accommodations  for  the  Videtudinarians 
who  vidt  thefe  waters.     Concerning 
the  medicinal  virtues  of  this  fpring,  Dr. 
Waterhoufe,   Profeflbr  of  the  theory 
and  praiftice  of  phylic,  at  Harvr  d  Uni- 
verfity,  and  who  vifited  it  in  the  fum- 
mer  of  x  794,  obferves,  **  i  confefs  myft  If 
at  a  lofs  to  determine  the  contents  of 
thefe  waters  by  chymical  analy/is,  or 
any  of  the  ordinary  tetts.   I  fufpedt  their 
impregnation  is  1  .om  fnme  caufe  weak- 
ened.   Exceptino;  from  their  warmth, 
which  is  about  that  of  new  milk,  I  nev- 
er /hould  have  fuipciflcd  them  to  come 
under  the  head  of  medicinaf  waters. 
They  are  ufed  for  the  various  purpofcs 
of  cookery,  and  for  common  drink  by 
the  neighbours,  and  !  never  could  dis- 
cover any  other  cfFeds  from  drinking 
tliero,  than  what  we  might  expe<S  from 
rain  or  river  water  of  that  temperature. 
There  was  no  vifible  change  produced 
in  this  water  by  the  addition  of  an  alka- 
li, nor  by  a  fuiution  of  allum ;  nor  was 
any  effervefcence  raifed  by  tlie  oil  of 
vitriol ;  neither  did  it  change  the  col- 
ours_  of  gold,  filver,  or  copper  ;   nor 
did  it  reoicn  beef  or  mutton  boiled  in 
it ;  nor  did  it  extiaifl  a  black  tindlure 
from  galls  ;  neither  did  it  curdle  milL^ 
the  whites  of  eggs,  or  foap.    The  qual- 
ity of  the  waters  of  the  pool  at  Lebanon 
is,  therefore,  very  different  from  thofe  of 
Saratoga*    Thefe  are  warm  and  warm- 
ilh,  thofe  very  cold,  fmart,  and  exhiler- 
ating.    Frogs  are  found  in  the  pool  of 
Lebanon,  and  plants  grow  and:  ftourifh 
in  and  around  it  ;.    but   plants    will 
not  grow  within  the  vapour  of  thofe 
of  Saratoga,  and  as  for  fmall  animals, 
they  foon   expire   in    it.    Hence  we 
Gonclude  that  that  fpiritus  miner alis 
which  fome   call  aerial  acid,  or  fix- 
ed air,  abounds  in  the  one  but  not  in 
the  other.    Yet  the  Lebanon  pool  is 
&mous  for  having  wrought  many  cures, 
efpecially  in  rheumatilms,  ftiff  joints, 
fcabby  eruptions,  and  even  in  vifceral  ob- 
ftrudtions  and  indigeflions  ;  all  of  which 
is  very  probable.    If  a  perfon  who  has 
brought  on  a  train  of  chronic  com- 
plaints, by  intemperance  in  eating  and 
drii.king,  fhould  fwallow  foiu:  or  five 
quarts  of  rain  or  river  water  in  a  day,  he 
would  not  feel  fo  keen  an  appetite  for  an- 
imal food,  or  tliirft  for  fpuituous  liquors. 
Hence  fuch  a  courie  ot  water  drinking 
will  open  obftruftions,  rinfe  out  impu- 
rities, render  perfpiration  free,  and  thus 
remove  that  unnatural  load  ftom  the  aa- 


N  E  W 

imal  machine,  which  caufes  and  \ittp9 
up  it^  diforders.  Poflibly,  however^ 
there  may  htjbtmthing  fo  fubtle  in  thefe 
waters  as  to  elude  the  fcrutinizing  hand 
of  the  chymifts,  fmce  they  all  allow  that 
the  analylis  of  mineral  waters  is  one  a- 
mong  tlie  moft  difficult  things  in  the 
cliymical  art."  A  fociety  ot  Shakers 
inhabit  the  fouth  part  of  the  town  ia 
view  of  the  main  ftage-road,  which  paff. 
es  through  this  town.  Their  manufac- 
tures of  various  kinds  are  confiderablcf 
and  very  neat  and  excellent.  It  is 
aboHt  2,%  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Albany,  loa 
north  of  New- York,  and  6  W.  of  Pittl- 
field. 

Newlinj  a  townlhip  in  Chefter  co* 
Pennfylvania. 

New-London,  a  maritime  county  of 
Conncdlicut,  comprehending  the  S.  E. 
corner  of  it,  bordering  E.  on  Rhode- 
iHand,  and  S.  on  Long-Ifland  Sounds 
about  30  miles  from  E.  to  VV.  and  24 
from  n  orth  to  fouth.  It  was  fettled  foon 
after  the  firft  fetdements  were  formed 
on  Connedicut  river ;  and  is  divided 
into  1 1  iownfliips,  of  which  New-Lon- 
don and  Norwich  are  the  chief.  It  con- 
tained in  1756,  22,844  inhabitants,  of 
whom  819  were  flaves  j  in  1 790,  33,200, 
of  whom  J  86  were  flaves. 

New-London,  a  city,  port  of  entr\', 
and  poft-town  in  the  above  county,  and 
one  of  the  moft  confiderable  commercial 
towns  in  the  State.  It  ftands  on  the  y\\ 
fide  of  the  river  Thames,  about  3  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Sound,  and  is 
defended  by  Fort  Trumbull  and  Fort 
Grifwold,  the  one  on  the  New-London,. 
the  other  on  tlie  Groton  lide  of  the 
Thames.  A  confiderable  part  of  the  - 
town  was  burnt  by  Benedict  Arnol4  ii» 
1781,  It  has  fince  been  rebuilt.  Her6 
are  two  places  of  public  worlhip,  one  for-" 
Epifcopalians,  and  one  for  Congrega- 
tionalifts,  about  300  dwelling-houies», 
and  4,600  inhabitants.  The  haibour  is 
large,  fafe  and  commodious,  and  has  c 
fathoms  water ;  high  water  at  full  ana : 
change,  54  minutes  after  9.  On  the  W. 
fide  of  tlie  entrance  is  a  light-houfe,  on 
a  point  of  land,  which  projeds  confidcr- 
ably  into  the  Sound.  The  exports  iot 
a  year  ending  September  3otli,  1794* 
amounted  to  557,453  dollars.  In  that 
year  1,000  mules  were  fliipped  for  ttie 
Wefl-Indies.  It  is  14  miles  fouth  uf 
Norwich,  54  S.  E.  by  S.  of  Hartford, 
54  E.  of  New- Haven,  and  4^7  N.  E.  by 
E,  of  Philadelphia.    K.  iat.  41  45,  W» 

long. 


wm 


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NEW 


NEW 


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long.  7z  I  J.  The  townfhip  of  New- 
London  was  laid  out  in  lots  in  1648, 
but  had  a  few  Engtilh  inhabitants  two 
years  before.  It  was  called  by  the  In- 
dians Nameag  or  Tjwy^tusjg',  and  from 
being  the  feat  of  the  Pequot  tribe,  was 
OttUed  Pequot.  It  was  the  feat  of  Saffa- 
cui,  the  grand  monarch  of  Long-Ifland, 
and  part  of  Connedicut  and  Narragan- 

New-London,  a  fmall  townfliip  in 
Hillfborough  co.  New-Hamp(hire,  in- 
corporated in  1779,  and  contains  311 
inhabitants.  It  lies  at  the  head  of 
Blackwater  river,  and  about  3  miles 
from  the  N.  E.  lide  of  Sunapee  Lake. 

New-London,  a  poll-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  chief  town  of  Bedford  co. 
It  ftands  upon  rifing  ground,  and  con- 
tains about  130  houl^s,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol.  There  were  here  in  the  late 
war  feveral  work-lhops  for  repairing 
fire-arms.  It  is  133  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Richmond,  ija  weft  of  Peterfburg,  and 
393  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

New-Madrid,  in  the  northern  part 
of  Louifiana,  is  a  fettlement  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  commenced 
fome  years  ago,  and  conducted  by 
Col.  Morgan  of  New- Jerfey,  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Spaniih  king.  The 
ipot  on  which  the  city  was  propofed  to 
be  built,  is  fituated  in  lat.  36  30  N.  and 
45  mili;s  below  the  mouth  of  Ohio  riv- 
er. The  limits  of  the  new  city  of 
Madrid  were  to  extend  4  miles  S.  and 
a  W.  from  the  river ;  fo  as  to  crofs  a 
beautiful,  living  deep  lake,  of  the  pureft 
fpring  water,  100  yards  wide,  and  fev- 
eral miles  in  length,  emptying  itfelf,  by 
a  conftant  and  rapid  narrow  ftream, 
through  the  centre  of  the  city.  The 
banks  of  this  lake,  called  St.  Annis,  are 
high,  beautiful  and  pleafant ;  the  water 
deep,  clear  and  fweet,  and  \yell  ftored 
with  fi(h ;  the  bottom  a  clear  fand,  free 
from  woods,  fhrubs,  or  other  vegetables. 
On  each  fide  of  this  delightful  lake, 
ftreets  were  to  be  laid  out,  100  feet 
wide,  and  a  road  to  be  continued  round 
it,  of  the  fame  breadth  ;  and  the  ftreets 
were  direfted  to  be  prefer ved  forever, 
for  the  health  and  pleafure  of  the  citi- 
zens. A  ftreetiaofeet  wide,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  was  laid  out ; 
and  the  trees  were  direded  to  be  pre. 
ferved  for  the  fame  purpofe.  Twelve 
acres,  in  a  central  part  of  the  city  were 
to  be  preferved  in  like  manner,  to  be 
ornamented)  regulated,  and  improved 


by  the  magiftncy  of  the  city  for  public 
walks ;  and  40  half-acre  lots  for  other 
public  ufes  ;  and  one  lot  of  i»  acres  for 
the  king's  ufe.  We  do  not  hear  that 
this  fcheme  is  profecutbg,  and  conclude 
it  is  given  up.  The  country  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  this  intended  city  is  reprefent- 
ed  as  excellent,  and,  in  many  parts,  be- 
yond defcription.  The  natural  growth 
confifts  of  mulberry,  iocuft,  fafiafras, 
walnut,  hickory,  oak,  afh,  dog-wood, 
&c.  with  one  or  more  grape-vines  run- 
ning up  almoft  every  tree ;  and  the 
grapes  yield,  from  experiments,  good 
red  wiue  in  plenty,  and  with  little  la- 
bour. In  fome  of  the  low-grounds 
grow  large  cvprefs  trees.  The  climate 
is  faid  to  oe  favourable  to  health,  and  to 
the  culture  of  fruits  of  various  kinds, 
particularly  for  garden  vegetables.  The 
praires  or  meadows  are  fertile  in  grafs, 
flowering-plants,  ftrawberries,  and  when 
cultivated  produce  good  crops  of  wheat, 
barley,  Indian  corn,  flax,  hemp,  and  to- 
bacco, and  are  eafily  tilled.  Iron  and 
lead  mines  and  falt-fprings,  it  is  afTerted, 
are  found  in  fuch  plenty  as  to  afford  an 
abundant  fupply  ofthefe  necefTary  arti- 
cles. The  banks  of  the  Miffifippi,  for 
ratny  leagues  in  extent,  commencing 
about  20  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio,  are  a  continued  chain  of  lime- 
ftone.  A  fine  traft  of  high,  rich,  level 
land,  S.  W.  W.  and  N.  W.  of  New- 
Madrid,  about  35  miles  wide,  extends 
quite  to  the  river  St.  Francis. 

Nrwmanstown,  Pennfylvania,  fit- 
uated in  Dauphin  co.  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Mill  Creek.  It  contains  about  30  houfes, 
and  is  14  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Harrifburg, 
and  7  a  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Newmarket,  a  townfhip  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  New-Hampfhire,  north  of 
Exeter,  of  which  it  was  formerly  a  part, 
and  13  miles  w'eft  of  Portfmouth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  ijiit  and  contains 
1 1 3  7  inh^itants.  Foflil  fhells  have  been 
found  near  Laniprey  river  in  tliis  town, 
at  the  depth  of^  1 7  feet ;  and  in  fuch  3 
fituation  as  that  the  bed  of  the  river 
could  never  have  been  there.  The  (hells 
were  of  oyfters,  mufcles,  and  clams  in- 
termixed. 

Newmarket,  a  village  in  Frederick 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  high  road  to  Fre- 
derickftown.  from  which  it  lies  neariy 
13  miles  W.  S.  W.  and  about  36  north- 
weft  of  the  Federal  City. 

Newmarket,  a  village  in  Dorchcf- 
ter  CO.  Maryland,  .3  miles  north-eaft  of 

Indian- 


;i:. 


ti  E  w 

indlan-Towo,  on  Chopunk  river,  oi^ 
jaorth-eaft  of  Cambridge,  and  as  fax 
jporth-weft  of  Vifnna. 

NEWMARKET,  a  town  in  Virginia, 
Amherft  co.  on  the  north  fide  of  James 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Tye  river*  It  is 
a  fnull  place,  contains  a  tobacco  ware- 
hoiiie  {  IS  100  miles  above  Richmond, 
and  378  from  Philadelphia. 

New.Marlboroijgh,  a  tdwnfhip 
in  Ulfter  co.  New- York.,  See  Mari- 
borough. 

N  E  w -M  A  R  L  B  0  R  0  u  o  H ,  Berkfhire  eo. 
Maflachiifetts.  It  is  13  miles  fouthwird 
OfLenox,  and  X44S.W.by  W.of  Bofton. 

Ncw-Marlborouch,  a  town  in 
king  George's  co.  Virginia,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  Patowmac  river,  10  miles  eaft  of 
Falmouth. 

New-Mbadows  Riverf  in  the  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  a  water  of  Cafco  B;iy, 
navigable  for  veflels  of  a  confiderable 
burden  a  fmall  diftance.    See  Cajco  Bay. 

Nsw-Mbxico<    Ste  Mexico* 

New-Milfor.0,  a  poft-town  of  Con- 
nefticut,  Litchfield  co.  oa  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Houfatonick  river,  about  1 6  n^iles 
north  of  Danbury,  »o  fouth-wcft  of 
Litchfield,  and  j»  W.  by  S.  W.  ol"  Hart- 
ford. 

NewmhaM^  Cape.    Set;  Neiwejihanu 

New-North-Wales.  See  tVales, 
and  Ne-w-Briiain. 

New>Orleans,  the  metropolis  of 
Louifiana^  was  regularly  laid  out  by  the 
French  in  the  year  1710,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  river  Miifilippi,  in  lat.  30  z 
north,  and  long.  89  53  weft ;  18  miles 
from  Detour  des  Anglois,  or  Englilh 
Turn,  and  105  miles  from  the  Balize  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  All  tlie  ftreets 
are  perfe(flly  ftraight  but  too  narrow, 
and  crofs  each  other  at  right  angles. 
There  were,  in  1788,  1,100  houles  in 
this  town,  generally  built  with  timber 
frames,  railed  about  8  feet  from  the 
ground,  with  large  galleries  round  them, 
and  tke  cellars  under  ilie  floors  level 
with  the  ground  ;  any  fubttrraneous 
buildings  would  be  conftandy  full  of 
watct.  Moft  of  die  houfes  have  gar- 
dens. In  March,  1788,  this  town,  by  a 
fire,  was  reduced  in  five  hours  to  200 
houfes.  It  has  fince  been  rebuilt.  The 
fide  next  tlic  river  is  open,  and  is  fecur- 
ed  from  the  inundations  of  the  river,  by 
a  raifed  bank,  generally  called  the  levee, 
which  extends  from  the  EnsUlh  Turn, 
to  the  upper  fettleitients  of  the  Oer- 
roans,  a  diftance  of  more  than  59  miles, 
Hm 


K  E  W 

\rlth  a  good  road  all  the  way.  There 
is  reafort  to  believe  that  in  a  fhort  time 
New-Orleans  may  become  a  great  and 
opulent  city,  if  we  confider  the  advan- 
tages of  its  fituation,  but  a  few  leagues 
from  the  fea,  on  a  noble  river,  in  a  moft 
fertile  country,  under  a  moft  delightfi4 
arid  wholefonie  climate,  within  a  weeks 
fail  of  Mexico,  and  ftill  nearer  the 
French,  Spanifti,  and  Britilh  Weft-India 
idands,  witli  a  moral  certainty  of  its  be- 
combg  a  general  receptacle  for  the 
produce  of  that  extenfive  and  valuable 
country  on  the  Miffifippi,  Ohio,  and  its 
other  branches  j  all  which  are  much 
more  than  fufficient  to  enfure  the  future 
wealth,  power,  and  pfofperity  of  this 
city.  The  veflels  which  fail  up  the 
Miflifippi  haul  clofe  along  fide  the  bank 
next  to  New-Orleans,  to  which  they 
make  faft,  and  take  in  or  difcharge 
their  cargoes  with  the  fame  eafe  as  at  a 
wharf. 

New-Paltz,  a  townftiip  in  Ulfter 
CO.  New- York,  bounded  eafterly  by 
Hudlbn  river,  fbutherly  by  Marlbo- 
rough and  Sbawangunk.  It  contains 
1,309  inhabitants,  including  302  fiavcs. 
The  compa<ft  part  of  it  is  iituated  on 
the  eaftern  fide  of  Wall-Kill,  and  con- 
tains about  350  houfes  and  a  Dutch 
church.  It  is  to  miles  from  Shawans- 
unk,  14  foutherly  of  Kingfton,  20  fouth- 
weft  of  Rhinebeck,  and  80  north-north- 
wefl  of  New-York. 

Newport,  a  townlhip  of  Nova-Sco.« 
tia,  in  Hants  co.  on  the  river  Avon< 
The  road  from  Halifax  runs  part  of 
the  way  between  this  townlhip  and 
Windfor  ;  and  has  fiittleraents  on  it  at 
certain  diftances. 

Newport,  a  townlhip  in  Chelhire 
CO.  New-Hampfliire,  eaft  of  Claremont. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  con- 
t;iins  780  inhabitants. 

Newport,  a  maritime  county  of  the 
State  of  Rhode-Ifland,  comprehending 
Rhode-Ifland,  Cannonicut,  Block,  Pru- 
dence, and  feveral  other  fmall  iflands. 
It  is  divided  into  7  townfliips,  and  con- 
tains 14,300  inhabitants,  including  366 
flavcs. 

Newpor"^,  the  chief  town  of  this 
county,  and  the  femi-metropofis  of  the 
Sute  of  Rhode-Ifland  ;  ftands  on  the 
fouth-wcft  end  of  Rhodc-Iiland,  about 
<  miles  fr6m  tlie  fea.  Its  harboar, 
(which  is  one  of  the  fineft  in  the  world) 
fpreads  weft  ward  before  the  town. 
The  entrance  is  eafy  and  fafc,  and  » 

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farge  fleet  may  anchor  in  it  and  ride  in 
perkit  fecunty.  It  is  probable  this 
liiay,  in  forae  future  period,  become 
one  of  the  man-of-war  ports  of  the 
American  empire.  The  town  lies  north 
and  fouth  upon  a  gradual  afccnt  as  you 
proceed  eaffward  from  the  water,  and 
exhibits  a  beautiful  view  from  the  har- 
Bour,  and  from  the  neighbouring  hills 
which  lie  weftward  upon  the  main. 
Weft  of  the  toiVn  is  Goat-Ifland,  on 
which  is  Fort  Wafhington.  It  has  been 
lately  repaired  and  a  citadet  creftcd  in 
it.  The  fort  has  been  ceded  ta  the 
United  States;  Between  Goat-Jfland 
and  Rhode-Ifland  is  the  harbour.  New- 
port contains  about  1,000  houfes,  built 
chiefly  of  wood.  It  has  10  houies  for 
public  worfhip,  4  for  Baptifts,  2  for 
Congregationalifts,  one  for  Epifcopa- 
liiins,  one  for  Quakers,  one  for  Mora- 
vians, and  one  tor  Jews.  The  other 
public  buildings  are  a  ftate-houfe,  and 
an  edifice  for  the  pubHc  library.  The 
lituation,  fonh  and  architecture  of  the 
ftate-houfe,  give  it  a  pkafing  appear- 
ance. It  ftands  iufficiently  elevated, 
and  a  long  wharf  and  paved  parade  lead 
up  to  it  from  the  harbour.  Front  or 
Water  ftreet  is  a  mile  in  length.  Here 
h  a  floufifhing  academy,  under  the  di- 
redlion  6f  a  reftor  and  tutors,  ^vho 
teach  the  learned  languages,  Englifh 
grammar,  geography,  &c.  A  marine 
lociety  was  eftabliflied  here  in  175  a,  for 
the  relief  of  diftrefled  widows  and  or- 
phans, and  fuch  of  their  fociety  as  may 
reed  relief.  This  cit^,  far  famed  for 
the  beauty  of  its  lituation  and  the  falu- 
brity  of  its  climate,  is  no  lefs  remarkable 
for  the  great  variety  and  excellent  qual- 
ity of  frefli  filh  wliich  the  market 
furnifhes  at  all  feafons  of  the  year. 
No  lefs  than  fixty  different  kinds  nave 
been  produced  in  this  market.  The 
excellent  accommodations  and  regula- 
tions of  the  numerous  packets,  which 
belong  to  this  port,  and  which  ply 
thence  to  Providence  and  New- York, 
are  worthy  of  notice.  They  are  faid, 
by  European  travellers,  to  be  fuperior 
to  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  Europe. 
This  town,  although  greatly  injured  by 
the  late  war,  and  its  confequences,  has 
a  confidcrable  trade.  A  cotton  and 
duck  manufai^ory  have  been  lately  ef- 
tabiifhed.  The  exports  for  a  year, 
ffnding  Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to 
311,100  dollars.  It  was  firft  fettled  by 
Mr.  Wiiliiun  Coddington,  afterwards 


Hj  E  W 

governor,  and  the  father  of  Rhodel 
iHand,  with  17  others,  in  1639.  It  is 
10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Providence,  14 
fouth-eaft  of  Briftol,  75  S.  W.  by  S. 
of  Bofton,  113  E.  N.  E.  of  New-Haven, 
and  194  N.  E.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  41  39,  W.  long,  from  Green- 
wich  71  r;. 

Newport^  a  finall  poft-town  in 
Newcaftle  co.  Delaware  ;  fituated  on 
the  north  fide  of  Chriftiana  Greek,  three 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  contains 
about  aoo  inhabitants,  and  carries  on  a 
confidcrable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  in 
flour.  It  is  6  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Chriftiana  Bridge,  and  31  S.  W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Newport,  a  townfliip  in  Luzerne 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Newport,  a  fmall  poft-town  in 
Charles  co.  Maryland,  11  miles  S.  E.  of 
Port  Tobacco,  94  S.  by  W.  of  Balti- 
more, and  195  fouth-weft  of  Philade!*- 
phia. 

Newport.  See  TJe  of  Wight  Coun- 
fy,  Virginia. 

NE>frPOi»T,  1  very  thriving  fettle- 
ment  in  Liberty  coi  Georgia,  fituated 
oh  a  navigable  creek,  34  miles  fouth  of 
Savannah,  and  7  or  8  fouth  of  weft  from 
Sunbury.  This  place,  commonly  known 
by  the  name  of  Newport  Bridge,  is  the 
rival  of  Sunbury,  and  commands  the 
principal  part  of  the  trade  of  the 
whole  county.  A  poft-office  is  kept 
here. 

New-River,  a  ri\'er  of  Tenneflee, 
which  rifes  on  the  north  fide  of  the  AN 
leghany  mountains,  and  running  a  north- 
eaft  courfe  enters  Virginia,  and  is  called 
Ranhaway ;  which  fee. 

New-kochelle,  a  townfliip  iti 
Weft-Chefter  co.  New- York,  on  Long- 
Ifland  Sound.  It  contained  69a  inhab- 
itants, of  whom  89  were  flaves,  in  1790. 
In  1 796,  there  were  roo  of  the  inhabit- 
ants qualified  eledtors.  It  is  6  miles  S. 
W.  of  Rye,  and  »o^  north-eafterly  of 
New- York  city. 

New-Sale M,  or  Pequottink,  a  Mo- 
ravian fettlement,  formed  in  1786,  on 
the  E.  (ide  of  Huron  river,  which  runs 
northward  into  Lake  Erie. 

New-Salem,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp- 
shire CO.  Maffachufetts,  bounded  E.  by 
the  weft  line  of  Worcefter  co.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1753,  ^f^d  contains 
1543  inhabitants.  It  is  85  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Bofton. 

NeW'Salem,  a  townfliip  in  Rock* 

ingham 


'NEW 

ingham   county,  Few-Hampfliire,  ad- 
joining Pelham  and  ilaverhill.  _ 

New-Savannah,  a  village  in  Burke 
CO.  Georgia,  on  the  S.  W.  oank  of  the 
Savannah,  12  miles  S.  £.  of  Aucufta. 

New-Shoreham.    See  Block- l/Iartd. 

N  E  w-S  M  y  R  N  A  Entrance,ox  Mmiio  In- 
let, on  the  coail  of  f  lorida,  is  about  1 1 
leagues  north-north-weft,  ^  weft  from 
Cape  Canaverel. 

New-South-Wales.  Sec  IFales 
and  Nenu-Britain. 

New-Spain.    See  Mexico. 

New-Stockbridge.  See  Stotck- 
bridge  New. 

New-Swedeland,  was  the  name  of 
the  territory  between  Virginia  and 
New-York,  when  in  pofleffion  of  the 
Swedes,  and  was  afterwards  poiTefTed, 
or  rather  claimed  by  the  Dutch.  The 
chief  town  was  called  Goiie/iburg. 

New-Thames  River.    See  'Thames. 

Newton,  a  pleafant  townfhip  in  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  Maffachufetts,  fituated  on 
Charles  river,  and  is  .9  miles  wfft  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1691, 
and  contains  ^3&o  inhabitants. 

Newton,  a  fmall  town  in  Chefter  co, 
Pennfylvania,  za  miles  fouth  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Newton,  a  townfhip  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  New-Hampfliire,  on  Powow 
river,  adjoining  Amefbui  y,  in  Maffachu- 
fetts, zo  or  II  miles  foutherly  of  Exeter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1749,  and  con- 
tains 530  inhabitants. 

Newtown,  a  poft-town  in  Fairfield 
CO.  Connedticut,  9  miles  eaft-north-eaft 
cf  Danbury,  a6  weft-north-wcft  of  New- 
Haven,  61  iouth-weft  of  Hartford,  and 
80  north-eall  of  New-York.  The  town 
flands  pleafantly  on  an  elevated  fpot, 
and  was  feittled  in  1708, 

Newtown,  on  Staten-Ifland,  New- 
York,  is  3  miles  N.  E.  of  Old-Town, 
as  far  eaft  of  Richmond,  and  9  fouth- 
weflerly  of  New-York. 

Newtown,  a  townlhip  in  Qiieen's 
CO.  New-York,  includes  all  the  iilunds 
in  the  Sound  oppofite  the  fame.  It  is 
about  8  miles  ealt  of  New-York,  and 
contains  a,i(i  inhabitants,  including 
533  flaves. 

Newtown,  a  townfhip  inWell-Chef- 
tcr  CO.  New-York ;  of  whofe  inhabit- 
ants 276  are  elcdors. 

Newtown,  a  townfliip  in  Tioga  co, 
New-York,  lies  between  the  foudi  end 
of  Seneca  Lake  and  Tioga  river ;  hav- 
ing Chemung  townHiip  e^,  from  which 


^«*m^, 


i'-i 


NEW 

it  was  taken,  and  incorporated  in  17^1. 
In  1796,  1 69  ofits  inhabitants  were  elec 
tors. 

Newtown,  a  townfhip  in  Gloucefter 
CO.  New-Jeriey. 

Newtown,  the  feat  of  jufticeih  Suf- 
fe5c  CO.  New-Jerfey,  is  about  10  miles  S, 
E.  of  Sandyflon. 

NswTowN,  the  capital  of  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania.  It  contains  a  Prefbytc- 
lian  church,  aflon^  gaol,  a  court-houfe, 
an  academy,  and  about  50  houfes.  It 
was  fettled  in  17155  and  is  10  miles  W. 
of  Trenton,  in  New-Jerfey,  and  30  N. 
E.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  There  are 
two  other  townfhips  of  this  name,  the 
one  in  Delaware  co.  the  other  in  that 
of  Cumberland, 

Newtown,  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia, 
fituated  in  Frederick  co.  between  the 
north  and  fo^lth  branches  of  Shenando- 
ah river ;  7  miles  fouth  of  Winchefter, 
and  173  norihnorth-weft  of  Richmond. 

New-Utrecht,  a  fmall  maritime 
town  of  New- York,  fituated  in  King's 
CO.  Long-Ifland,  oppofite  the  Narrows, 
and  7  miles  fouth  of  New-York  city. 
The  whole  townfhip  contains  562  in- 
habitants; of  whom  76  are  qualified 
eleflors,  and  ap6  flaves. 

Nfcw-WiNDsoR,  a  townfhip  of  Ulller 
CO.  New- York,  pleafantly  fituated  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  juft 
above  the  high  lands,  3  miles  fouth  of 
Newbui^rh,  and  6  north  of  Wefl  Point. 
It  contains  1.819  inhabitants;  of  whom 
a6i  are  qualified  eledors,  and  117 
flaves.  A  valuable  fet  of  works  in  this 
town  for  manufadlucing  fcythes  were 
dcftroyed  by  fire.  In  1795,  the  legif. 
lature  granted  the  unfortunate  proprie- 
tor, Mr.  Boyd,  jCijoo  to  enable  him  to 
re-eflablifh  them.  The  compact  part 
of  the  town  contains  about  40  houfes 
and  a  Prcfbytcrian  church,  64  miles 
north  of  New-Yoik.  The  llimmer  refi- 
dence  of  Gov.  CUnton  was  formerly  at 
a  rural  feat,  on  die  margin  of  the  river, 
at  this  place. 

NEW-WRENTHAMjDiflriift  of  Maine, 
a  townfhip  6  miles  E.  of  Penobfcot  riv- 
er, adjoining  Orrington,  and  15  miles 
fiom  Buckfton. 

New-Year's  Harhurt  on  die  north 
eovA  of  Staten  Land  Ifland,  at  tlie  fouth 
extremity  of  S.  America,  affords  wood 
and  good  water  ;  was  difcovcrcd  Jan.  r, 
1775:  hence  its  name.  5.  lat,  5447, 
well  long.  64  II. 

New-Year's  Iflmds^  near  the  above 
,"  harbour. 


It 
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NEW 

harboar,  v^ithin  which  is  anchorage  at 
north  half  weft  from  the  harbour,  at  the 
diftance  of  a  leagues  from  it. 

NEW-YORK,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  fituated  between 
lat.  40  40  and  45  north,  and  between 
lonft.  73  10  ana  80  weft  ;  is  about  350 
miles  in  length,  and  300  in  breadth ; 
bounded  fouth-eafterly  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean ;  euft  by  Connedlicut,  Maflachu- 
fetts,  and  Vermont ;  north  by  Upper 
Canada ;  fouth-weft  and  weft  by  Penn- 
fylvania,  New-Jerfey  and  Lake  Erie.  It 
is  fubdivided  bto  21  counties  as  follows, 
^12.  New- York,  Richmond,  Suffolk 
Weft-Chefter,  Cijieens,  Kings,  Orange, 
Ulfter,  D\jtchefs,  Columbia,  Renffelaer, 
Waftiington,  Clinton,  Saratoga,  Alba- 
ny, Montgomery,  Herkemer,  Ononda- 
go,  Otfego,  Ontario,  and  Tioga.  In 
1700,  this  State  contained  340,120  in- 
haoitants ;  of  whom  41,324  were  flaves. 
Since  that  period  the  counties  of  Renf- 
felaer, Saratoga,  Herkemer,  Ononda- 
fo,  Otfego,  and  Tioga  have  been  ta- 
en  from  the  other  counties.  101796, 
according  to  the  State  ccnfus, there  were 
19.5  townlhips,  and  64,017  qualified  e- 
leftors.  Eleftoils  in  this  Swte  are  divi- 
ded into  the  following  clafl'es : 

Freeholder*  to  the  value  ftf£ 1 000  -  y6,X\^ 
Do.  to  the  value  of  ^C^o  and  under  £100  4,838 
To.  who  rent  tehament^  of  40/,  per  annam  ai,;i)8 
Other  frecUoldcH  -  •  14) 


!      I 


64,017 
It  is  difficult  to  afcertain  accurately 
the  proportion  the  number  of  e!e<ftors 
bears  to  the  whole  number  of  inhabitants 
in  this  State.  In  the  county  of  Herkemer 
the  eleftors  to  the  whole  number  of  inhab- 
itants was,  in  1795,  nearly  as  i  to  6,  bpt 
this  proportion  will  not  hold  through 
the  State.  In  1 790  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants in  the  State  was,  as  already  men- 
tioned, 340,120,  of  whom  41,785  were 
eleftors.  In  1795  the  number  of  elec- 
tors was  64,017,  wliich,  if  the  propor- 
tion between  the  electors  and  the  whole 
rumlicr  of  inliabitants  be  the  fame, 
givis,  as  the  whoie  number  of  inhabit- 
ants in  179?,  530,177,  an  increafe,  in 
c  \cars,  ot  190,057. 

I'jie  chief  rivers  aie  Hudfon,  Mohawk 
end  their  branches.  The  rivers  Dela- 
ware and  ^ufqiiehanniih,  rift  in  this 
State.  The  principal  lakes  arc  Otfego, 
Oneida,  George,  Seneca,  Cayuga,  Salt, 
and  Chautanpiiquc.  'J  lie  principal  bay 
)  ■  lliat  of  York,  which  fpreads  to  the 
ffnithwaid  before  the  city  of  New-York. 
'1  hp  Itgiflature  of  Kcw-York,  ftimu- 


NE  W 

lated  by  the  enterprizing  and  aAiv6 
Pennfylvanians,  who  are  competitors 
for  die  trade  of  the  weftem  country, 
have  lately  granted  very  liberal  fums, 
towards  improving  thofe  roads  thattra- 
vcrfe  the  raoft  fettled  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, and  opening  fuch  as  lead  into  the 
weftem  and  northern  parts  of  the  State, 
uniting  as  far  as  pollible  the  eftablifh- 
ments  on  Hudfon's  river,  and  the  moft 
popidous  parts  of  the  interior  country 
by  the  neareft  pradicable  diftances.  By 
late  cftabliihments  of  poft-roads  a  fate 
and  diredt  conveyance  is  opened  be- 
tween the  moft  mterior  weftem  parts 
of  this  State,  and  the  feveral  States  in  the 
Union  :  and  when  the  obftruflions  be- 
tween Hudfon's  river  and  Lake  OntanQ 
arc  removed,  there  will  not  be  a  great 
deal  to  do  to  continue  the  water  com- 
munication by  die  lakes  and  through 
Illinois  river  to  the  Miflilippi.  New- 
York,  to  fpeak  generally,  is  mterfcfted 
by  ridges  of  mountains  extending  in  a 
N.  E.  and  S.  W.  diredlion.  Beyond  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  however,  the 
country  is  level,  of  a  fine  rich  foil,  cov- 
ered in  its  natural  ftate  with  maple, 
beech,  birch,  cherry,  black  walnut,  io- 
cuft,  hickory,  and  lome  mulberry  trees. 
On  the  banks  of  Lake  Erie  are  a  few 
chefnut  and  oak  ridges.  Hemlock 
fwanips  are  interfperfed  thinly  through 
the  country.  All  the  creeks  that  empy 
ty  into  Lake  Erie  have  falls,  which  af- 
ford many  excellent  mill-feats.  The 
lands  between  the  Seneca  and  Cayuga 
Lakes,  are  reprcfented  as  uncommonly 
excellent,  being  moft  agreeably  diverh- 
fied  with  gentle  rifings,  and  timbered 
with  lofty  trees,  witli  little  underwood. 
The  legidature  have  oranted  a  million 
and  a  half  acres  of  land,  as  a  gratuity  to 
the  oflicers  and  foldiers  of  tne  line  of 
this  State._  This  tradt  forms  the  milita- 
ry townlhips  of  the  county  of  Ononda- 
go.  See  Military  T'jnufiJhipSy  and  Onoft' 
aago.  Eaft  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain?, 
which  commence  with  the  Kaat's  Kill, 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Hudlbn's  river,  the 
country  is  broken  into  hills  with  rich 
intervening  vallies.  The  hills  are  cloath- 
cd  thick  with  timber,  and  when  clear- 
ed afford  fine  pafture  ;  the  vallies,  when 
cultiy;- ced,  produce  wheat,  hemp,  flax, 
peas,  grafs,  oats,  Indian  corn,  &c.  Of 
the  commodities  produced  from  culture, 
wheat  is  tlie  principal.  Indian  corn  and 
peas  are  likewife  raifed  for  exportation  \ 
;  end  rye,  oats,  barley,  &c.  for  hon'c  con, 

fumi'tiofl, 


NEW 

ftmption.    The  bcft  lands  in  the  State, 
along  Mohawk  river  and  north  of  it  ana 
weii  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  but 
a  few  years  ago  was  moftly  in  a  ftate 
of  nature,  but  has  been  of  late  rapidly 
jettling.    In  the  northern  and  unfettled 
parts  of  the  State  are  plenty  of  moofe, 
deer,  bears,  fome  beavers,  martins,  and 
moft  other  inhabitants  of  the  forell,  ex- 
cept wolves.  The  Ballftown,  Saratoga, 
and  New-Lebanon  medicinal  i'prings  are 
much  celebrated ;  thefe  are  noticed  un- 
der their  refpeftive  heads.    The  fait 
made  from  the  Salt  Springs  here  is  e- 
qual  in  goodnefs  to  that  imported  from 
Turk's  ifland.    The  ^yeight  of  a  bufliel 
of  the  fait  IS  136  lb.   A  fpring  is  report- 
ed to  have  been  difcovered  m  the  S\\\'- 
quehannah  country,  impregnated  with 
nitre,  from  which  falt-petre  is  made  in 
the  fame  manner  that  cornmon  fait  is 
made  from  the  Onondagofprings.  Large 
quantities  of  iron  ore  are  found  here. 
A  (ilver  mine  has  been  worked  at  Phil- 
lipfburg,  which  produced  virgin  filver. 
Lead  is  found  in  Herkemer  county,  and 
fulphur  in  Montgomery'.   Spar,  zink  or 
fpelter,  a  femi-metal,  macnez,  ufed  in 
glazings,  pyrites  of  a  golden  hue,  va- 
rious kmds  of  copper  ore,  and  lead  and 
coal  mines,  are  found  in  this  State,  alfo 
petrified  wood,  plafter  of  Paris,  ifing- 
glafs  in  fheets,  talcs,  and  cryftals  of  va- 
rious kinds  and  colours,  flint,  aibeftos, 
and  feveral  other  foflTils.    A  fmall  black 
ftonc  has  alfo  been  found,  which  vitri- 
fies with  a  fmall  heat,  and  it  is  faid 
makes  excellent  glafs.  The  chief  man- 
ufaftures  are  iron,  glafs,  paper,  pot  and 
pearl  afljes,  earthen  ware,  maple  fugar 
and  molaffes,  and  the  citizens  in  general 
manufofture  their  own  cloathing.   This 
State,  having  a  fhort  and  eafy  accefs  to 
the  ocean,  commands  the  trade  of  a 
great  proportion  of  the  beft  fettled  and 
beft  cultivated  ports  of  the  UnitedStates. 
Their  exports  to  the  Weft-Indies  are, 
bifcuit,  peas,  Indian -corn,   apples  on- 
ions, boards,  llaves,  horfes,  fheep,  but- 
ter, cheefe,  pickled  oyllers,  beef  and 
pork.    But  wheat  is  the  ftaple  commod- 
ity of  the  State,  of  which  no  lefs  than 
677,700  bufhels  were  exported  fo  long 
ago  as  the  year  1775,  befides  2,555  tons 
pT  bread,  and  a,8i8  tons  of  flour.   The 
increafe  fince  has  been  in  proportion  to 
t|ie  increafe  of  th^  population.  In  wheat 
and  flour  about  a  million  bufhels  are  now 
annually  exported.    Weft-India  goods 
9re  received  in  return  for  the  above  ar- 


N  E  W 

tides.    Befides  the  articles,  already  en* 
umerated  are  exported  flax-feed,  Cotton 
wool,  farfaparilla,  coffee,  indigo,  rice, 
pig-iron,bar.iron,pot-afli,pear|.afli,fur8, 
deer-fltins,  logwood,  fuflic,  mahogany, 
bees-wax,  oil,  Madeira  wine,  rum,  tar, 
pitch,  turpentine,  whale-fins,  iilh,  iiigars, 
moIa/Tcs,  fait,  tobacco,  lard,  &.c.  but 
mo/l  of  thefe  articles  are  imported  for 
re-expoi  tation.  The  exports  to  foreign 
parts,  for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30, 1791, 
1794,  &c.  coniifting  principilly  of  the 
articles  above  enumerated,  amounted  tn 
follows;  in  1791,  to  4,505,465  dolls. 
10  cents  ;    1794 — 2,535,700  dolls.  35 
cents;   1793— -2,934,370  dolls.;   1794 
— 5,441,183  dolls.  10  cents;  1795 — 
10,3045580  dolls.  78  cents.    This  State 
owned  in  1 793,  46,626  tons  of  fhippin^ 
befides  which  (he  finds  employment  for 
about  40,000  tons  of  foreign   veflels. 
There  are  in  this  State,  two  hantifomely 
endowed  and  flourifbing  colleges,  vi?, 
Columbia,  formerly  King's  College,  in 
the  city  of  New-York,  and  Union  Col- 
lege, at  Schenedady.    See  Nei>j-Tori 
Ciiy,  and  ScheiieilaJy.    BeGdes  tliefe, 
there  are  difperl'ed  in  diiFerent  parts  of 
the  State,  14  incorporated  Academies, 
containing  in  the  whole,  as  many  as  6 
or  700  Itudents,    Thele,  with  the  eftab- 
lifliment  of  fchools,  one  at  leaft  in  every 
diftrift  of  4  fqi.aPe  miles,  for  the  com- 
mon branches  of  education ,  muft  havethe 
moft  beneficial  efFefts  on  the  ftateof  foci- 
ety.  The  fums  granted  by  the  legiflature 
of^this  State  for  the  encouragement  of 
literature  fince  the  year  j  790,  nave  been 
very  liberal  and  is  evincive  of  the  wifeft 
policy.    In  March,  1790,  the  legiflature 
granted  to  the  regents  of  the  Univcrfity, 
who  have  by  law  the  fuperintendance 
and  management  of  the   literature  of 
the  State,  feveral    large  and  valuable 
tradts  of  land,  on  the  waters  of  Lakes 
George  and  Champlain,  and  alfo  Gov- 
ernor's Ifland  in  the  harbour  of  New- 
York,  with  intent  that  the  rents  and  in- 
come thereof  fliould  be  by  them  appli- 
ed to  the  advancement  of  literature. 
At  the  fame  time  they  granted  them 
>Ciooo  currency,  lor  the  fame  general 
purpofe.    In  April,  1792,  they  ordered 
to  be  paid  to  the  Regents,  £1500  for 
enljirging  the  library,  ;C2oo  for  a  che- 
mical'apparatus,  jCizoo  for  ereding  a 
wall  to  fupport  the  college  grounds, 
and  >C5  000  for  ereding  a  hall  and  an 
additional  wing  to  the  college:  Alfo 
XI1500  annually  for  j  years  to  be  difcre- 

tio^ly 


!    Mi 

11 


'itl 


1    '!■ 


^vw 


I 


NEW 

tionally  diftributed  among  the  acade- 
mics of  the  State.    Alfo  JC750,  for  j 
years,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of 
tjie    I'alaries  of  additional    profeffors. 
In  their  feflions  fince   1795,  the  fums 
they  have  granted  for  tht  fupport  of 
the  coiltges,  academies,  and  of  common 
fchools  throughout  the  State,  have  been 
very  Hbcral.    The  reHgious  le«5ts  or  de- 
nominations in  this  State  are,  Englilh 
Prefbyterians,  Dutch  Reformed,  Bap- 
tifts,  Epifcopalians,  Friends  or  Quak- 
ers,   German   Lutherans,    Moravians, 
Methodills,  Roman  Catholics,  Shakers, 
a  few  followers  of  Jemima  Wilkinson 
at  Geneva,  and  fonie  Jews  in  the  city 
of  New-York.      The  treafury  of  this 
State  is  one  of  the  richeft:  in  the  Union. 
The  treafurer  of  the  State  reported  to 
the  legiflature  in  Jan.  1796,  that  the 
i'mds  amounted  to  3,119,068  dollars, 
^"53  cents,  which  yields  an  annuity  of 
334,218  doils.    Befides  the  above  im- 
menfe  I'um,  there  was  at  that  period  in 
the  treai'ury  /^i34»»o7  :  19  :  lo^  cur- 
rency.   The  ability  ot  the  State,  there- 
fore, is  abundantly  competent  to  aid 
public  inftitutions  of  every  kind,  to  make 
roads,  ereft  bridges,  open  canals,  and 
pu(h  every  kind  ot  improvement  to  the 
moft  defirable  length.    The  body  of  the 
Six  Nations  of  IrJdians  inhabit  the  weft- 
ern  part  of  this  State.    See  Six  Natioiu, 
The  Knglifh  language  is  generally 
fpoken  throughout  the  State,  but  is  not 
a  little  corrupted  by  the  Dutch  dialeta, 
which  is  ftill  fpoken  in  fome  counties, 
particularly  in  King's,  Ulfter,  Albany, 
and  that  part  of  Orange  which  lies  S.  of 
the  mountains.     But  as  Dutch  fchools 
are  almoft,  if  not  wholly  difcontinued, 
that  language,  in  a  fewgenerations,  will 
probably  ceafe  to  be  ufcd  at  all.     And 
the  increafe  of  Englifh  fchools  has  al- 
ready had  a  perceptible  efFedl  in  the 
improvement  of  the  Englifh  language. 
Befides  the  Dutch  and  Englifh,  there 
are  in  this  State  many  emigrants  from 
Scotland,  Ireland,  Germany,  and  fome 
few  from  France.     Many  Germans  are 
fettled  on  the  Mohawk,  and  fome  Scots 
people  on  the  Hudfon,  in  the  county  of 
Wafhington.     The  principal  part  of 
the  two  former  fettled  in  the  city  of 
New-York  ;  and  retain  the  manners, 
the  religion,  and  fome  of  them  the 
language  of  their  refpedive  countries. 
The  French  emigrants  fettled  princi- 
pally at  New-Rochelle,  and  on  Staten- 
J^jind;  aa4  th.eif  4efcptid40ts,  feyeral  of 


NEW 

them,  now  fill  fome  of  the  higheft  cfR, 
ces  in  the  United  Sutes.  The  weftetn 
parts  of  the  State  are  fettled  and  fct» 
tling  principally  from  New-England. 
There  are  tliree  incorporated  cities  in 
this  State,  New-York,  Albany,  and 
Hudfon. 

Nrw-York  County t  in  the  above 
State,  comprehending  the  idand  of 
New-York,  or  Manhattan,  on  which 
the  metropolis  ftands,  and  the  following 
fmall  iflands  :  Great  Barn,  Little  Barn, 
Manning's,  Nutten,  Bedlow's,  Bucking, 
and  Oyfter  Iflands.  ]t  contained,  in 
'79°>  33*^3'^  inhatiitants,  including 
1369  flaves.  Now,  in  1796,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  amounts  to  about 
70,000,  of  whom  7,J7»  are  qualified 
fledtors. 

Nr.w-YoRK  City'\s  fituated  on  the 
S.  W.  point  of  York  ifland,  at  the  con» 
fluence  of  Hudfon  and  Eafl  rivers,  and 
is  the  metropolis  of  the  State  of  its  name, 
and  the  fccond  in  rank  in  the  Union. 
The  length  of  the  city  on  Eaft  river  is 
upwards  of  two  miles,  and  rapidly  in- 
creaflng,  but  falls  fhort  of  that  diftance 
on  the  banks  of  the  Hudfon.  Its  breadth 
on  an  average,  is  about  a  mile  ;  and  its 
circumference,  4  or  5  miles.    The  plan 
of  the  city  is  not  perfedlly  regular,  but  is 
laid  out  with  reference  to  tlie  fituation  of 
the  ground.  The  ground  which  was  un» 
occupied  before  the  peace  of  1783,  was 
laid  out  in  parallel  ftrcets  of  convenient 
width,  which  has  had  a  good  efFcd  upon 
the  parts  of  the  city  lately  built.     The 
principal  flreets  run  nearly  parallel  with 
the  rivers.      Thefe    are    interfered, 
though  not  at  right  angles,  by  ftreets 
running  from  river  to  river.    In  the 
width  of  ihe  ftreets  there  is  a  great  di. 
verllty.    Water  ftrcet  and  Pearl  flreet, 
which  occupy  the  banks  of  Eafl  river, 
are  very  conveniently  fituated  for  bufi- 
nefs,  but  they  are  low  and  too  narrow ; 
not  admitting  in  fome  place.-  ol  walks 
on  the  fides  for  foot  paffengers.    Broad 
ftreet,  extending  from  the  Exchange  to 
city  hall,  is  fufficiently  widp.    This  was 
originally  built  on  e^ch  fide  of  the  creek, 
which  penetrated  ^Imofl:  to  the  city  hall. 
This  Itreet  is  low,  but  i)leafant.    But 
the  moft  convenient  and  agreeable  part 
of  the  city  is  the  Broadway.    It  begins 
at  a  point  which  is  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Hudfon  and  Eaft  rivers — 
occupies  the  height  of  land  between 
them,  upon  a  true  meridional  line — rifes 
gently  to  tlie  oorthward — is  nearly  70 


K  E  W 

feet  wide — adorned,    where  the  fort 
formerly  ftood,  (which  has  lately  been 
levelled)  with  an  elegant  brick  edifice, 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  governor 
of  the  State,  and  a  public  walk  irom  the 
extremity  of  the  point,  occupying  the 
ground  of  the  lower  battery  which  is 
now  demolifhcd  ;  alfo  with  two  Epifco- 
pal  churches  and  a  number  of  elegant 
private  buildings.    It  terminates,  to  the 
northward,  in  a  triangular  area,  fronting 
the  bridewell  and  alins-ho\i(e,  and  com- 
mands from  any  point,  a  view  of  the 
Bay  and  Narrows.  Since  the  year  1788, 
that  part  of  the  city,  which  was  buried 
Jn  rums  during  the  war,  has  been  rapid- 
ly  rebuilding,    the    ftreets    widened, 
ftraitened,  raifed  in  the  middle  under 
an  angle  fulHcient  to  carry  off  the  water 
to  the  fide  gutters,  and  foot-ways  of 
brick  made  on  each  lide.    At  this  time, 
the  part  that  was  deftroyed  by  fire  is  all 
covered    with    tk-gaiit    brick    houfes. 
Wall  ftreet  is  generally  co  feet  wide  and 
elevated,  and   the    buildings    elegant. 
Hanover  fquare  and  Dock  ftreet  are 
conveniently  fituatcd  for  bufinefs,  and 
the  houfes  well  built.    William  ftreet 
is  alfo  elevated  and  convenient,  and  is 
the  principal  market  for  retailing  dry 
goods.    Many  o(  the  other  ftreets  are 
pleafant,  but  moft  of  them  are  irregular 
and  narrow.    The  houfes  are  generally 
built  of  brick,    and  the    roofs  tiled. 
There  arc  remaining  a  few  houfes  built 
after  the  old  Dutch  manner;  hut  the 
Englifli  tafte  has  prevailed  almoft  a  cen- 
tury. _  The  moft  magnificent  edifice  in 
this  city  is  Federal  Ho/f,  fituated  at  the 
head  or  Broad  ftreet,  where  its  front  ap- 
pears to  great  advantage,  in  which  is  a 
gallery  13  feet  deep,  guarded  by  an 
elegant  fron  railing.    In  this  gallery  our 
beloved  Washington,  attended  by  the 
fenate  and  houfe  of  reprefentatives,  took 
his  oath  of  office  in  the  face  of  Heaven, 
and  in  prefence  of  a  large  concourfe  of 
people  affembled  in  front,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  operation  of  the  Fed- 
eral   Conftitution,    April  30th,    1789. 
The  other  public  buildings  in  the  city 
are,  three  houfes  for  public  worfhip  for 
the  Dutch  Reformed  church,  four  Pref- 
byterian   churches,    three     Epifcopal 
churches,  two  for  German  Lutherans 
and  Calvinifts,  two  Friends'  meeting- 
houfes,  two  for  Baptifts,  two  for  Meth- 
odifts,  one  for  Moravians,  one  Roman 
Catholic  church,  one  French  Proteftant 
church,  aod  a  Jew»'fyiugogue.  Befidos 


NEW 

thefe  there  is  the  governor's  houfe,  aV 
ready  mentioned,  a  handfome  building, 
the  college,  gaol,  and  fcver.il  other 
buildings  of  Icis  note.  The  city  is  ac-* 
commodated  with  four  markets  in  dif- 
ferent parts,  which  are  furnifhed  with  a 
great  plenty  and  variety  of  provilions in 
neat  and  excellent  order. 

King's  college,  in  the  city  of  New- 
York,  was  principally  founded  by  the 
voluntary  contributions  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  province,  afliftcd  by  the  gen- 
eral afl'embly,  and  the  corporatif-n  of 
Tiinity  Church;   in  the  year  i7.,-4,  a 
royal  clMrter(and  grant  of  money)  being 
then  obtained,  incorporating  a  number 
of  gentlemen  therein  mentioned,  by  the 
name  of  "  The  Governors  of  the  Col- 
lege of  the.  province  of  New-York,  in 
the  city  of  New- York,  in  America  ;" 
and  granting  to  them  and  their  fuccef- 
ibrs    forever,    amongft    various   other 
rights  and  privileges,  the  power  of  con- 
ferring all  iiich  degrees  as  are  ufually 
conferred  by  either  of  tl\e  Englifh  uni- 
verfities.    By  the  charter  it  was  pro- 
vided that  the  prefident  Hull  always  be 
a  member  of  the  church  of  England,  and 
that  a  form  of  prayer  colledted  from  the 
liturgy  of  that  church,  with  a  particular 
prayer  for  the  college,  fliiill  be  daily 
nfed,  morning  and  evening,  in  the  col- 
lege chapel ;  at  the  fame  time,  no  teft , 
ot  their  religious  perfuafion  was  requir- 
ed from  any  of  the  fellows,  profcflbrs  or 
tutors  ;  ana  the  advantages  of  education 
were  equally  extended  to  ftudents  of 
all  denominations.  The  building  (which 
is  only  one-third  of  the  intended  ftruc- 
ture)  confifts  of  an  elegant  ftone  edifice, 
three  complete  ftories  high,  with  four 
ftair-cafes,   la  apartments  in  each,  a 
chapel,  hall,  library,  mufeum,  anatomi- 
cal theatre,  and  a  fchool  for  experimen- 
tal philofophy.    The  college  is  fituated 
on  a  dry  gravelly  foil,  about  150  yards 
from  the  bank  of  Hudlbn's  river,  which 
it  overlooks,  commanding  a  moft  exten- 
(ive  and  beautiful  profpe(5t.    Since  the 
revolution,  the  legiflature  pafled  an  adt 
conftituting  ai  gentlemen  (of  whom  the 
govejrnor  and  lieutenant-governor,  for 
the  time  being,  are  members  ex  (ifficiis) 
a  body  corporate  and  politic,  by  the 
name  and  ftyle  of  "The  Regents  of 
the  Univerfity  of  the  State  of  New- 
York."    They  are  entrufted  with  the 
care  of  literature  in  general  in  the  State, 
and  have  power  to  grant  charters  of  in- 
corpocatioa  for  ereding  colleges  and 

academies 


V  ■  J 


■:■       1"    It-- 


W\-\-\\- 


fir 


I 


i  I 


i 


,:        I 


tj  E  W 

academics  throughout  the  State,  are  to 
>ifit  thefe  iaditutiuns  as  often  us  they 
ihall  think  proper,  and  report  their  Hate 
to  the  legiUaturc  once  a  year.    King's 
college,  which  we  have  ah  cady  dclirib- 
ed,  is  now  called  CeUnibia  Collfge.  'J'his 
college,  by  an  adt  of  the  Icgi/lHture  paff- 
ed  in  the  Ipiing  of  1787,  was  put  under 
the  care  of  34  gendemen,  who  are  a 
body  corporate,  bv  the  name  and  ftyle  of 
"The  Trufiecs  of  Columbia  College  in 
the  city  of  New-York."  This  body  pof- 
fefsall  the  powers  veiled  in  thegovernors 
of  King's  college,  before  the  revolution< 
or  in  the  regents  of  the  univerfity,  fince 
the  revolution,  fu  far  as  their  power  re* 
fpedted  this  inftitution.    No  regent  can 
be  a  truftee  of  any  particular  coii<:ge  or 
academy  in  the  State.    The  regents  of 
the  univerlity  have  power  to  confer  tlie 
higher  degrees,  and  them  only. .  The 
college  ediiice  has  received  no  addition 
lince  the  peace,  tlioiigh  tlie  eiedHon  of 
R  hall  and  a  widg  have  been  coiltem- 
platcd,  and  funds  hir  the  purpofe  grant- 
ed by  the  legillature.    The  annual  rev- 
enue aridng  from  tiie  eflate  belonging 
to  the  college,  exclulive  of  fome  bonds 
which  are  not  at  prefent  productive, 
amounts  to  jCi,535  currency.    Colum- 
bia college  confills  of  i  faculties  ;  a  fac- 
tiltv  of  arts  and  a  faculty  of  pliyfic. 
The  firft  has  a  prefident  and  7  profeflbrs, 
and  the  fecond  a  dean  and  7  profefTors. 
The  ftudents  attending  both  the  facul- 
ties at  tlie  beginning  of  the  year  1795 
amounted  to  140.    The  officers  of  in-" 
flru<ftion  and  immediate  government  in 
the  faculty  of  arts,  are  a  prefident,  pro- 
fefTor  of  mathematics  and  natural  phi- 
lofophy,  a  profeflbr  of  logic  and  geog- 
raphy, and  a  profefTor  of  languages. 
To  tnefe  have  lately  been  added  a  pro- 
fefTor of  chymiflry  and  agriculture,  a 
profefTor  of  orienul  languages*,  a  profef- 
lbr of  law,  and  a  profeflbr  of  the  French 
language!    In  the  Acuity  of  phyfic,  the 
dean  is  lecturer  on  clinical  meaicine  in 
the  New-York  hofpital ;  and  there  are 
the  profeflbrfliips  of  botany,  of  anato- 
my, of  the  obftetric  art,  of  materia  med- 
ica,  of  the  inilitutes  of  medicine,  of  fur- 
gery,  and  the  pradtice  of  phylic.  Thefe 
profefTors  afford  the  oecefTary  inllruc- 
tion  in  the  healing  art.  The  library  and 
mufeum  were  deuroyed  during  the  war. 
Upwards  of  >C8oo  (of  monies  granted 
by  the  legillature)  have  been  lately  ex- 
Deoded  in  books  to  increafe  the  library. 
The  philofophical  apparatus  is  uew  and 


MEW 

complete.  The  goTemment  of  tl»e  city 
(which  was  incorporated  in  1696)  is  now 
in  the  hands  of  a  mayor,  alderman  and 
common  council.  The  city  is  divided  in- 
to feven  wards,  in  each  of  which  there  is 
chnfcn  anouiilly  by  the  people  an  alder- 
man and  an  alTiflant,  who,  together  with 
the  recorder,  ate  appointed  annually  by 
the  council  of  apjpointment.    The  may- 
or's court,  which  is  held  from  time  to 
time  by  adjournment,  is  in  high  repu- 
tation as  a  court  of  law.    A  court  of 
feflions  is  likewife  held  for  the  tiial  of 
criminal  caufes.    The  fltuation  of  the 
city  is  both  healthy  and  pleafant.    Sur- 
rounded on  all  fides  by  water,  it  is  re- 
freflied  witli  cool  breezes  in  fummer,and 
the  air  in  winter  is  more  temperate  than 
in  other  places  under  the  fame  parallel. 
This  city  is  efleemed  tlie  mofl  eligible 
fituation  for  corrtmerce  in  the  United 
States.    It  almoft  neccflarily  conunands 
the  trade  of  one  half  New-Jerfcy,  molt 
of  that  of  Connefticut,  part  of  that 
of  MalT.ichufetts,  and  almoll  the  whole 
of  Vermont,  belides  the  whole  ferule  in- 
terior country,  which  is  penetrated  by 
one  of  the  largefl  rivers  in  America. 
This  city  imports  moft  of  the  goods 
confumed  between  a  hne  of  30  mues  E. 
of  Connedlicut  river,  and  30  miles  welt 
of  the  Hudfon,  which  is  130  miles ; 
and  between  the  ocean  and  die  con- 
fines of  Canada,  about  400  miles  ;  a 
confiderable  poruon  of  whiph  is  the  belt 
peopled  of  any  part  of  the  United  States ; 
and  the  whole  territory  contains  nearly 
a  million  people,  or  one-fifth  of  the  in* 
haUtants  of  the  Union.    Befides,  fome 
of  the  other  States  are  partially  fupplicd 
with  goods  from  New- York.    But  in 
the  ftaple  commodity,  flour,  Pennfylva- 
nia  and  Maryland  h^ve  exceeded  it,  the 
fuperfine  flour  of  thofe  States  command- 
ing a  higher  price  than  that  of  New- 
York  ;  not  that  the  quality  of  the  grain 
is  worfe,  but  becaufe  greater  attention 
is  paid  in  thofe  States  to  the  infpedion 
and  manufa^ure  of  that  article.    In  the 
manufacture  likewife  of  iron,  paper, 
Cabinet  works,  &c.  P^nnfylvama  ex- 
ceeds not  only  New-Tork,  but  all  her 
lifter  States.   In  times  of  peace,  howev- 
er,   New-Yofk  will   command  Aiore 
commercial  bufincTs  than  any  town  ip 
the  United  States.    In  dffle  of  war  it 
will  be  infecure,  without  a  marine  force ; 
but  a  fmall  number  of  (hips  will  be  able 
to  defend  it  from  the  moft  formidable 
attacks  by  fea,    A  ^"^nft  of  good  water 

is 


I 


NEW 

{i  a  great  inconvenience  to  the  citizens. 
there  being  few  wells  in  the  city.    Moft 
of  the  people  are  fupplied  every  day 
with  frefh  water,    conveyed  to  their 
doors  in  caflcs,  from  a  pump  near  the 
head  of  Q^een  ftreet,  which  receives  it 
from  a  fprmg  almoll  a  mile  from  the 
centre  of  the  city.    This  well  is  about 
20  feet  deep  and  four  feet  diameter. 
The  average  quantity  dra\vn  daily  from 
this  remarkabfe  well,  is  iiohoglheads 
of  1 30  gallons  each.    In  fonie  hot  fum- 
mer   days  316  hogfheads  have  been 
drawn  from  it ;  and  what  is  very  (ingu- 
lar,  there  is  never  more  or  Icfs  than  a- 
bout  3  feet  water  in  the  well.    The  wa- 
ter is  fold  commonly  at  three  pence  a 
hogfhead  at  the  pump.    Several  propo- 
fals  have  been  made  by  individuals  to 
fupply  the  citizens  by  pipes ;  but  none 
hitve  yet  been  accepted.    On  a  general 
view  of  this  city,  as  defcribed  40  yea;  s 
ago,  and  in  its  prefent  ftate,  the  com- 
parifon  is  flattermg  to  the  prefent  age  ; 
particularly  the  improvements  in  tafte, 
elegance  of  manners,  and  that  eafy  im- 
aile^ed  civUity  and  politenefs  which 
form  the  happinefs  of  lucial  intercourfe. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  city 
and  county  of  New- York  in  1756,  was 
io,88i  ;  1771,31,863;  1786,  a3>6i4; 
I790>  331I31  ;   1796,  7.274  eledors  ; 
probably    about    70,000     inhabitants. 
There  is  no  bafon  for  the  reception  of 
yeflels,  but  the  road  where  tney  lie 
in  Eaft  river,  which  is  protefted  from 
the  violence  of  the  fea  by  the  circumja- 
cent iflands.    The  great  rapidity  of  the 
tides  in  the  narrow  channels  between 
Long-Ifland  and  York-Ifland,  and  be- 
tween Long-lOand  and  Staten-Ifland,  in- 
creafed  by  the  water  of  Hudfon  and  Eaft 
rivers,  preferves  the  channel  from  being 
obflrudled  by  ice  ;  fo  that  navigation  is 
always  open,  except  a  few  days  when 
the  weather   is   uncommonly    fevere. 
The  entries  from  foreign  ports  only  into 
this  port  in  1795  were  941,  viz.  fhips, 
178 — brigs,  309 — barques,  9 — fnows,  7 
— fchooners,  a68 — floops,  170.    Works 
of  defence  have  been  ereded  here  to  a 
conliderable  extent,  and  when  complet- 
ed on  the  original  plan,  will  afford  ereat 
fecurity  to  the  city,  from  enemies'  mips. 
New- York  city  is  95  miles  N.E.  of  Phil- 
adelphia, 127  S.  W.  of  Hartford,  197  N. 
E.  of  Baltimore,  45 »  S.  W.  of  Bolton, 
375  from  Portland,  in  Maine,  373  from 
Kichmond,  6ao  from  Fayetteville,  913 
from  CharleAon,  and  1,030  from  Savan- 
I  I 


N  T  A 

nah.  N.  lat.40  418,  W.  long.  74  o  4ft 

Nbw-Vork,  an  Indian  town  of  the 
Creek  nation,  (ituated  on  Tallapoofe 
river,  in  Georgia ;  and  fo  named  by  Col. 
Ray,  a  New- York  Britilh  loyalift. 

N  B  w-Yo  R  K  IJlanc/,  on  which  the  city 
of  that  name  ftands,  is  about  15  miles 
long,  and  does  not  exceed  two  in  any 
part  in  breadth.  It  is  joined  to  the  main 
land  by  a  bridge,  called  King's  Bridge, 
15  miles  N.  of  New-York  city. 

Neybe,  or  Nfiva,  a  fertile  olam  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Gt.  Domin- 
go ;  bounded  E.  by  the  bay  and  river 
of  its  name,  on  the  W,  by  the  river  of 
Dames,  and  the  Pond  of  Henriquelle. 
It  contains  about  80  fquare  leagues, 
abounds  with  game,  and  is  a  chofen 
fpot  for  llaniingoes,  pheafants,  and  royal 
or  crowned  peacocks.  Thefe  laft  have  a 
more  delicate  flavour  and  more  brilliant 
plumage  tlian  the  peacocks  of  Europe. 
Nine  leagues  from  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Neybe  is  the  town,  containing  about 
zoo  houfes,  and  can  turn  out  300  men 
fit  to  bear  arms.  This  town  is  i^  leagues 
W.  by  N.  of  Azua,  and  16  from  the 
point  where  the  line  of  demarcation 
cuts  Brackifh  Pond.  This  territory 
produces  a  fort  of  plaifter,  talc,  and 
foflil  fait.  The  natural  re-produftion 
of  the  fait  is  fo  rapid,  that  a  pretty 
large  hollow  is  i.bfolutely  filled  up  again 
in  the  courfe  oi'  a  year.  The  river 
might  be  rendered  navigable  for  fniall 
craft,  and  the  plain  is  able  to  afford  eli- 
gible fituations  for  ijo  fugar  plantations. 

Niagara  RJvgr  and  Fai/s.  Niaga- 
ra river,  connects  the  N.  E.  end  of  Lake 
Erie  with  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  about 
30  miles  in  length,  from  Fort  Erie  to 
Niagara  Fort,  and  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Upper  Canada.  It  receives  Chip- 
peway  or  Welland  river  from  the  W. 
and  1  onewanto  Creek  from  the  E.  and 
embofoms  Great  and  Navy  Iflands. 
Fort  Slulher  flands  on  the  £.  fide  of 
this  river  near  Navy  Ifland.  The  Fa/h^ 
in  this  river,  are  oppofite  Fort  Slufher, 
about  7  or  8  miles  fouth  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio, and  form  the  greatefl  curiofity 
which  this,  or  indeed  any  other  coun  ■ 
try,  aflords.  In  order  to  have  a  tolera- 
ble idea  of  this  ftupendous  fall  of  water, 
it  will  be  necefTary  to  conceive  that 
part  of  the  country  in  which  Lake  Erie 
is  fituated,  to  be  elevated  above  that 
which  contains  Lake  Ontario,  about  300 
feet;  the  flope  which  feparates  the  up- 
per 


til 


4 


4  ■   i  u 


\m 


,  JIT":.,- !«« 


W' 


\ 


I  ' 


5r'r  A 

jjfcf  and  lower  country  is  generally  very 
lleep,  and  in  many  places  almoft  per- 
pendicular ;  it  is  formed  by  horizontal 
ilrata  of  ftoncy  great  part  of  which  is 
lime-ftone.  The  flope  may  be  traced 
by  the  north  fide  of  lake  Ontario,  near 
the  bay  of  Torento,  round  the  weft  end 
of  the  Lake  }  thence  the  direcSlion  is 
generally  eaft.  Between  Lake  Ontario 
and  Lake  Erie  it  croffes  the  ftrait  of 
Niagara  and  the  Geneffee  river  j  after 
which  it  becomes  loft  in  the  country 
towards  Seneca  Lake.  It  is  to  this  flope 
the  country  is  indebted  both  for  the 
Cataradl  of  Niagara  and  the  great  Falls 
of  Geneflee.  The  Catarad  of  Niagara, 
fome  have  fuppofed,  was  formerly  at 
tlae  northern  fide  of  the  flope  near  the 
landing ;  and  that  from  the  great  length 
of  time,  and  the  quantity  of  water,  and 
diftance  which  it  falls,  the  folid  ftone 
is  worn  away  for  about  feven  miles  up 
towards  lake  Erie,*  and  a  chafm  is 
formed  which  no  perion  can  approach 
without  terror.-  ^  Down  this  chafin  the 
water  ruflies  with  a  moft  aftonifhing 
noife  and  velocity,  after  it  makes  the 
great  pitch.  Here  the  fancy  is  conftant- 
ly  engaged  in  the  contemplation  of  the 
moft  romantic  and  awful  profped  im- 
aginable ;  when  the  eye  catches  the 
falls,  the  contemplation  is  inftantly  ar- 
refted,  and  the  beholder  admires  in 
filence.  The  river  is  about  74a  yards 
wide  at  the  falls.  The  perpendicular 
pitch  of  this  vaft  body  of  water  produces 
a  found  that  is  frequently  heard  at  the 
diftance  of  20  miles,  and  in  a  clear  day, 
and  fair  wind,  40  and  even  50  miles. 
A  perceptible,  tremulous  motion  in  the 
earth  is  felt  for  feveial  rods  round.  A 
heavy  cloud  or  fog  is  conftantly  afcend- 
ing  from  the  falls,  in  which  rainbows 
may  always  be  feen  when  the  fun  fliines. 
This  fog  or  fpray,  in  the  winter  feafon, 
falls  upon  the  neighbouring  trees,  where 
it  congeals,  and  produces  a  moft  beau- 
tiful chryftaline  appearance  :  this  re- 
mark is  applicable  alfo  to  the  Falls  of 
Genneflee.  It  is  conjedtured  that  the 
water  muft  fall  at  leaft  65  feet  in  the 
c;hafm  ;  tlie  perpendicular  pitch  at  the 
cataradl  is  150  feet ;  other  accounts  fay 
only  137  feet:  to  thefe  add  $%  feet, 
which  the  water  falls  tlic  laft  half  mile 
immediately  above  the  falls,  and  we  have 
3  73, which  the  water  falls  in  the  diftance 

*  Gen.  Lincoln,  wlio  vilitcd  and  examined  thcfe 
falls,  in  1794,  lavs,  "  On  a  careful  examination  of 
tlie  hanks  of  the  fiver,  tliere  .ipi'CilH  tu  iK  00  good 
fouHttatiun  for  thin  uyiiiiou.'' 


of  7^  miles.  Animals  fwimming  neaif 
the  Rapids  above  the  great  Cauradt  are 
inftantly  hurried  to  deftrudion.  Juft 
below  tne  Great  Pitch,  the  water  and 
foam  may  be  feen  puffed  ap  in  large 
fpherical  figures ;  they  burft  at  the  top, 
and  projedl  a  ^olumn  of  the  fpray  to  a 
prodigious  height,  and  then  fuofide, 
and  are  fucceeded  by  others  which  burft 
in  like  manner.  Th^  appearance  is  moft 
remarkable  about  half  way  between  the 
ifland  that  divides  the  falls  and  the  weft 
fide  of  the  ftrait,  where  the  largeft  col« 
umn  of  water  defcends.  The  defcent 
into  the  chafm  of  this  ftupendous  cata- 
raA  is  very  difficult,  on  account  of  the 
great  height  of  the  banks  ;  but  when 
once  a  perfon  has  defcended,  he  may 
go  up  to  the  foot  of  the  Falls,  and  take 
Inelter  behind  the  defcending  column 
of  water,  between  that  and  the  preci- 
pice, where  there  is  a  fpace  fufficient  to 
contain  a  number  of  people  in  perfect 
fefety,  and  where  converfation  may  be 
held  without  interruption  from  the  noife, 
w;hich  is  lefs  here  than  at  a  confiderable 
diftance.  On  Chriftmas  night,  1795,  a 
fevere  fhock  of  an  earthquake  was  felt 
here,  and  by  which  a  large  piece  of  the 
rock  that  forms  the  famous  cataradt 
was  broken  olF. 

Niagara,  a  fort  and  poft-town  in 
the  State  of  New- York,  fituated  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Niagara  river,  at  its  entrance 
hito  Lake  Ontario,  and  oppofite  to 
Newark,  in  Canada.  Niagara  Fort  is  a 
moft  important  poft,  and  fecures  a 
greater  number  of  communications, 
through  a  large  country,  than  probably 
any  other  pafs  in  interior  America.  It 
is  about  9  miles  below  the  cataradl,  80 
N.  W.  of  Williamfburg  on  Geneflee 
river,  370  N,  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
560  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton.  N.  lat.  43 
20  W.  long.  79.  The  fort  was  built  by 
the  French  about  the  year  1725,  and 
was  delivered  up  to  the  United  States, 
according  to  the  treaty  of  1794-  by  the 
Britifh,  in  1796.  Although  it  is  a  de- 
gree N.  of  Bofton,  yet  the  feafon  is 
quite  as  mild  here  as  at  that  town,  and 
vegetation  quite  as  early  and  forward. 
ft  IS  thought  that  the  climate  meliorates 
in  the  fame  latitude  as  one  proceeds 
from  the  Adantic  weftward. 

Nicaragua,  a  lake  in  the  province 
of  New-Spain,  117  leagues  .in  circumft.- 
ence.  Its  weftern  part  is  not  more  than 
ao  miles  from  the  S.  W.  coaft  of  Mex- 
ico.    It  feeds  its  waters  eaft  to  the 

ocean. 


0 

pi ' 


ng  neaU 
iraft  are 
n.  Juft 
'ater  and 

in  large 
;  the  top, 
pray  to  a 

fubfide, 
lich  burft 
ce  is  moft 
;ween  the 
I  the  weft 
irgeft  col- 
le  defcent 
lous  cata- 
unt  of  the 
but  when 
d,  he  may 
,  and  take 
Iff  column 
the  preci- 
iifficient  to 

in  perfedl 
ion  may  be 
nathenoife, 
;onfiderable 

'My  i795»  a 
ike  was  telt 
piece  of  the 
ms  cataradt 

eft-town  in 
lated  on  the 
its  entrance 
oppofite  to 
ara  Fort  is  a 
d   fecures  a 
munications, 
lan  probably 
America.    It 
catarafti  80 
on  Geneflee 
ielphia,  and 

N.lat.  43 
was  built  by 

\T  i7»5»  *"<^ 
nited  States, 
17^4.  by  the 
gh  it  is  a  de- 
the  feafon  is 
at  town,  and 
and  forward, 
ite  meliorates 
one  proceeds 


N  rc 

•occat;,'  by  a  fpacious  river  of  its  name, 
which  divides  the  province  of  Nicara- 
gua from  Cofta  Rico.  This  renders  the 
towns  on  the  banks  of  the  lake  of  conlid- 
erable  importance,  particularly  the  cit- 
ies of  Granada,  Leon,  and  Nicaragua. 
The  firft  is  on  the  fouth  fide  in  lat.  118 
N.  and  long.  85  iz  W.  and  is  45  miles 
weftward  of  the  city  of  Nicaragua,  that 
ftands  at  fome  diftance  fouth  from  tlie 
lake.  Leon  is  at  the  weft  end  of  the 
lake,  and  in  lat.  iz  N.  and  long.  87  W. 
The  lake  is  interfperfed  with  feveral  ifl- 
ands,  and  full  of  fiHi,  but  infefted  with 
alligators.  Nicaragua  river  empties 
into  the  fea,  oppoute  to  the  ifland  of 
Monglares.    N.  lat.  11  40,  W.  long. 

5*47.  *      .. 

Nicaragua,  a  maritime  province  of 
Mexico,  having  Honduras  on  the  north, 
the  North  Sea  on  the  eaft,  Cofta  Rico 
on  the  S.  F.  and  the  South  Sea  on  the 
S.  W.  It  is  about  400  miles  long,  and 
I  JO  broad.  The  air  is  wholefome  and 
■temperate,  and  the  foil  fertile,  produc- 
ing quantities  of  fuRar,  cochineal,  and 
fine  chocolate.  This  is  confidered  as 
tlie  garden  of  America  ;  being  fo  pleaf- 
ant  and  fruitful,  that  when  the  Spaniards 
Jirft  vifited  it,  they  called  it  Mahomet's 
paradife. 

Nicholas,  Caj)e  Si.  the  north-weft 
extremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  z  leagues 
W.  of  the  town  of  its  name,  but  more 
commonly  called  Tie  Mote^  9  or  10 
leagues  eaft  of  Cape  Mayzi,  at  the  eaft 
end  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  46  leagues 
nortli-eaft  by  north  of  Cape  Dame  Ma- 
rie, and,  with  this  laft  cape,  forms  the 
entrance  into  the  large  bay  called  the 
Bite  of  Bight  of  Leogane.  See  The 
Mole, 

Nicholas,  Port  St.  on  the  coaft  of 
Peiu,  in  S.  Anierici,  lies  north  of  Port 
St.  John,  alwut  a  league  to  leeward  of 
the  river  Mafca,  and  6  leagues  S.  S.  E. 
ot  Port  Cavallo.  It  is  fafer  than  St. 
John's  harbour,  but  affords  neither 
wood  nor  water. 

NicKAjACK,  an  Indian  town  on  the 
S.  E.  (idii  of  Tennellee  river,  at  the  point 
of  a  large  bend,  about  .?6  miles  north- 
eaft  of  the  Creek's  Ctofling  Place, 
Half  way  between  theie  lies  die  Crow 
Town,  on  the  fame  fide  of  the  river. 

Nicker,  one  ol-  the  fmall  Virgin  Ifl- 
ands,  lituated  between  Anegada  and  Vir- 
gin Gorda,  on  tlie  latter  of  which  it  is 
4epen4ent.  N.  lat.  18  jo,  W-long.  6j  j. 


N  I  G 

Nicola,  or  Ntchola  Toivn  Gut,  on 
the  north-eaft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Chriftopher's. 

NicovA,  or  St.  Liicar,  a  town  of 
Cofta  Rico,  in  the  kingdom  of  Mexico, 
North-America,  having  a  harbour  on  a 
bay  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat. 
10  zo  N.  and  long.  88  lo  W.  About 
lo  leagues  is  the  bay  of  Salinas,  from 
whence  the  inhabitants  of  this  place 
procure  and  fend  to  Panama  the  purple 
juice  of  a  Ihell-fifti  found  in  it,  befides 
fait,  honey,  maize,  fowls  and  wheat  j 
and  here  is  ajfo  a  pearl  fiflier^'.  The 
town  is  up  within  the  land,  but  fliips 
ride  in  the  river  Cipanfo,  z  leagues  to 
the  N.  W.  from  tlie  ifland  of  Chira,  to 
take  in  goods  from  it ;  which  river  is 
navigable  for  Jarge  periaguas  that  bring 
down  the  goods  to  the  fliips.  The 
ifland  of  cWa  afiqwis  plenty  of  frefli 
water  and  provifions. 

NiCTAU,  a  river  of  Nova-Scotia, 
which  waters  tlie  townfliip  of  Annapo- 
lis ;  on  its  banks  are  quantities  of  bog 
and  mountain  ore.  A  bloomery  has 
been  erected  in  the  town. 

Nic  u  Es  A,  Gti/fof,  is  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  country  of  Honduras,  on  the 
Spanilh  Main,  having  Cape  Gracias  a 
Dios  for  its  north  limit,  and  Cape  Blan- 
co, on  the  fouth  ;  Catherine,  or  Provi- 
dence, is  due  eaft  frcffn  it. 

NiEBE,  or  Neybe,  a  bay  and  river  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. The  bay  is  fituated  at  north- 
north-eaft  from  Cape  Beata.  N.  lat. 
18  3.  W.  long.  73  46. 

Ni E  v  A  I/land,  lies  fouth-weft  of  Mif. 
tJ."  e  Bay,  and  on  the  north-eaft  fide  of 
Hudfon  s  Straits. 

NiEVA  Terra,  near  the  eaft  end  of 
Hudfon's  Straits,  in  North-America,  in 
hit.  6j  4  N.  and  long.  67  7  W.  and  has 
high  water  on  the  ipring-tide  days  at 
50  min.  paft  9  o'clock. 

NiGANicHE,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  and  in  the  fouth 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  to 
the  foiithward  of  a  cane  about  4  leagues 
louth-fouth-weft  of  Adiepe  .Miirboui^ 
and  8  leagues  from  North  Cape. 

NiGUA,  a  river  on  the  foiitli  fide  of 
th':  ifland  of  St.  Dominj^o.  Its  mouth 
is  7  leagues  eaft  of  the  Nifao.  The 
rivers  Nigua  and  Jayna  are  not  very  far 
apait.  But  as  they  advance  from  their 
fpiings,  tliey  recede  from  each  other, 
the  Former  running  weflward  from  the 
Igttcr.    Between  theijj  lies  an  cxtenfiv/; 

and 


i; 


^t^ 


'HI 

i  '  I 


■-■"•*■  ««>in|-'^f- 


a 


iW 


!  i'il 
'ill 


! 


M! 


I  lip 


NIT 

jlnd  fertile  plain.  The  quantity  of  pure 
gold  that  was  dug  from  its  cavities*  its 
lugar,  cocoa,  indigo,  and  other  planta* 
tions,  paid  duties  of  a  greater  amount 
than  thofe  now  paid  by  all  the  Spanifli 
part  of  the  ifland  put  together.  All 
thefe  rivers  might  be  eafily  rendered 
navigable.  The  parifh  and  fmall  town 
of  Nigua  contain  about  2,500  perfons, 
pardy  free  people  of  colour. 

NiNETY'Six,  a  diftridl  of  the  upper 
country  of  South-Carolina,  weft  of 
Orangeburg  diftridt,  and  comprehends 
the  counties  of  Edgefield,  Abbeville, 
Laurens,  and  Newbury.  It  contains 
33,674  white  inhabitants,  fends  la  rep- 
refentatives  and  4  fenators  to  the  State 
jegiflature,  3  of  the  former  and  one  of 
the  latter  for  each  county,  and  one 
xjiembcr  to  Copgrefs.  It  produces  con- 
iiderable  quantities  of  tobacco  for  ex- 
portation. Chief  town,  Cambridge,  or, 
as  it  was  formerly  called,  Ninety-Six, 
which  is  60  miles  weft  by  north  of  Co- 
lumbia, 147  north-weft  of  Charlefton, 
49  north  of  Aucufti  in  Georgia,  and 
76a  from  Philadelphia.  In  May, 
1781,  this  town  was  clofely  befieged 
by  Gen.  Greene,  and  bravely  defend- 
ed by  the  Britifh,  commanded  by  Col. 
Cruger. 

NiPEGON,  a  large  river  which  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Superior,  from  the  north- 
ward. It  leads  to  a  tribe  of  the  Chip- 
pewas,  who  inhabit  near  a  lake  of  the 
lame  name.  Not  far  from  the  Nipegon 
is  a  fmall  nver,  that,  juft  before  it  enters 
the  lake,  has  a  perpendicular  fall,  from 
the  top  of  a  mountain  of  600  feet.  It 
is  very  narrow,  appears  like  a  white  gar- 
ter fiiipendcd  in  the  air. 

Ni  IMS  SING  Lake  is  north-eaft  of 
Lake  Huron,  and  conneded  with  it  by 
Frt;ncli  river. 

NiiMssiNS.  Indians  inhabiting  near 
the  head  waters  of  the  Ottowas  river. 
Warriors,  .;oo. 

NisAf),  a  river  which  rifes  in  the 
centre  of  the  ifland  cf  St.  Domingo, 
and  falls  into  the  fta  on  the  fouth  (ide, 
and  on  th6  weftern  iidc  of  the  point  of 
its  name  ;  7  leagues  VV.  of  Nigua  river. 

NiJ-f^utLNiA,  a  ftttlemcnt  in  iht; 
St^.te  of  New-York,  above  ilie  city  of 
Albany.  This  is  the  principal  feat  of 
the  fodcly  called  Shakers.  A  few  of 
tliis  fci^t  canie  ticm  lingland  in  1774  ; 
and  a  few  others  uie  fcatlered  in  differ- 
ent  pans  of  the  country. 

^\'irrANV  M'jii/iiiiiii,  ia  Pcnnfyna- 


N  O  M 

nia,  is  between  the  Juniatta  and  the  W. 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river. 

NivERNOis,  a  large  bay  at  the  eaft 
end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

NixoNTON,  a  poft-town  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, and  capital  of  Pafquotank  county ; 
lies  on  a  northern  water  of  Albemarle 
Sound,  and  contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol, 
and  a  few  dwelling-houfes.  It  is  aS 
miles  N.  £.  of  Edenton,  and  46S  S.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

NoBLEBOROVGH,  a  townfliip  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  incorporated 
in  1788,  and  contains  516  inhabitants. 
It  is  10  miles  S.  E.  of  New-Caftle,  and 
19a  N.E.  of  Bofton. 

NoBLEBOROUGH,  a  townfltip  in  the 
nortli-eaftern  partof  llerkemer  county, 
New-York,  fituated  on  the  north-weft- 
ern  fide  of  Canada  Creek. 

NocKAMixoN,  a  townfliip  in  Buck's 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Noddle's  I/land,  a  fmall  pleafant 
and  fertile  ifland  in  Bofton  harbour,  Maf- 
fachufetts.  It  is  about  »  miles  eaft- 
north-eart  of  the  town,  on  the  Chelfea 
ftiore.  It  is  occupied  as  a  farm,  and 
yields  large  quantiues  of  excellent  hay. 

NoDW  AY,  a  river  or  rather  a  long  bay 
which  communicates  with  James'  Bay, 
at  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Rupert's  river. 

NoiR,  or  Black  River,  in  Louifiana, 
runs  fo  Jthward,  and  joins  Rogue  or 
Red  river ;  which  fee. 

NoiR,  CitpSy  on  the  S.  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S. 
lat.  54  30,  \V.  long.  73  13. 

Noix,  Ijle  an,  or  Nnt  IJle,  a  fmall  ifle 
of  50  acres,  near  the  north  end  of  Lake 
Champlain,  and  within  the  province  of 
Lower  Canada.  Here  the  Britifli  have 
a  garrifon  containing  100  men.  It  is 
about  5  miles  N.  N.  E.  of  the  mouth  ot" 
La  Cole  river,  so  north  of  Iflc  La  Mottc, 
and  12  or  15  fouthwurd  of  St.  John's. 

NoLACHucKY,  a  rivcr  in  the  eaftern 
part  of  the  State  of  Tennefiee,  which 
runs  W.  S.  W.  into  French  Broad  riv- 
cr, about  26  miles  from  Holfton  river. 
Near  the  banks  of  this  river  Greenville 
College  is  elhiblilhed. 

NoLiN  Creek,  a  branch  of  Green  riv- 
er ill  Kentucky.  The  land  here  is  of 
an  inferior  quality. 

Noman's  Latid  IJland  lies  a  little  S. 
W.  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  ^md  is  about 
3  miles  long  and  two  broad.  It  belonp;r, 
to  Duke's  CO.  Maffachufetts.  N.  lat. 
4«  ij,  VV.  lung.  71  J. 

NOMBRE 


K;f 


N  O  O 

NoMBRE  OE  Dios,  a  port  to  the  S. 
S.  E.  of  the  cape  to  die  eailward  of  Por- 
to Bello,  on  the  Spanifh  Main,  or  N. 
coaft  of  S.  America,  at  the  diftance  of 
about  7  leagues.  It  is  at  the  bottom  of 
a  large  deep  bay,  being  wide  to  the 
eaft  ude  in  lat.  9  43  N.  and  long.  78 
2S  W.  The  iflands  called  Baftimentos 
are  in  this  bay.  Large  vefTels  feldom 
frequent  this  part  now,  altliough  there 
is  from  5  to  8  fathoms  and  clean  ground. 
Experience  pointed  out  that  they  were 
in  danger  of  foundering  at  anchor,  fuch 
is  the  fury  with  which  the  fea  pours  in- 
to the  bay.  Thofe  vefl'els  that  now  vifit 
it,  if  their  bufinefs  require  any  ftay, 
prefer  riding  at  the  Baftimentos,  or  at 
Porto  Bello. 

NoMBRE  DE  Digs,  on  the  W.  coaft 
of  Mexico,  fituated  on  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  is  a  large  and  populous 
town,  a  little  to  the  northward  of  the 
tropic  of  Cancer,  and  ao  leagues  to  the 
north  of  Guadalaxara.  N.  lat.  aj  38, 
W.  long.  104. 

Nonesuch,  a  river  of  Cumberland 
CO.  Diftridl  of  Maine.  It  pa/Tes  to  the 
fea  through  the  town  of  Scarborough  ; 
and  receives  its  name  fiom  its  extraor- 
dinary  frelhets. 

Nonesuch,  a  harbour  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  ifland  of  Antigua.  The  road  is 
foul  and  full  of  rocks ;  and  it  has  not 
more  than  6  or  8  feet  water,  except  in 
one  place,  which  is  very  difficult. 

NooRT  Point,  on  the  coalt  of  Chili, 
is  the  north  point  of  the  bay  or  port  of 
Coquimbo,  the  other  is  called  Point 
Tortug'.s. 

NooHEEVA,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Ifl- 
ands, faid  to  be  the  parent  of  them  all, 
fituated  about  10  leagues  S.  W.  of  Ooa- 
hoona.  Capt.  Roberts  named  it  Adams  ; 
it  is  the  fame  which  Ingraham  called 
Federal  Ijland.  The  lat.  of  the  body 
of  the  ifland  is. 8  58  S.  and  nearly  in  the 
fame  meridian  with  VVooapo,  between 
140  and  140  10  W.  long,  fiom  Green- 
wich. All  accounts  of  die  natives  con- 
curred, fays  Capt.  Roberts,  in  reprcfcnt- 
ing  it  as  populous  and  fruitful,  and  to 
have  a  large  bay  with  good  anchorage. 

NoOTKA,  or  King  George's  Sound, 
-  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North-Aniciica, 
is  very  extenfive.  That  part  of  it  where 
the  ftiips  under  Capt.  Cook  anchored, 
lies  in  lat.  49  36  N,  and  long.  ia6  4a 
W.  from  Greenwich.  Capt.  Cook  judg- 
ed the  found  to  occupy  a  degree  and 
a  h dJf  in  latitude,  and  two  of  longitude, 


N  ©  R 

exclufive  of  its  arms  and  branches  un- 
explored. The  whole  found  is  fur- 
rounded  by  high  land,  in  many  places 
broken  and  rugged,  and  in  general  cov- 
ered with  wood  to  the  very  top.  The 
natives  were  numerous  and  were  in  pof- 
felTion  of  iron  and  beads ;  which  prob- 
ably were  conveyed  to  them  acrofs  the 
condnent  from  Hudfon's  Bay.  They 
are  rather  below  the  middle  fize,  and 
befmear  their  bodies  with  red  paint, 
but  their  faces  are  bedaubed  with  vari- 
ous colours.  The  Strait  De  Fuca  en- 
compalies  the  large  clufter  of  iflands 
among  which  this  found  is  fituated.  See 
Fuca,  Pintard,  Wajhington  I/lands,  and 
Nortb-Wcjl  Coajl  It  was  formally  tak- 
en poflTeflion  of  by  Lieutenant  Pearce  of 
the  Briiifli  navy,  in  1795,  in  the  name 
of  his  Britannic  Majelty. 

NoRD,  Rio  del,  or  tiio  Bravo.  Sec 
North  River,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Norfolk,  a  populous  maritime 
county  of  Maflkohufetts,  lately  taken 
from  the  fouthern  part  of  Suftblk  co. 
and  lies  to  the  fouthward  around  the 
town  and  harbour  of  Bofton,  And  con- 
tains ao  townfliips,  of  which  Dedham  is 
the  feat  of  juftice.  Number  of  inhabit- 
ants a4,a8o. 

Norfolk,  a  populous  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  north  by  James's  i.  "r, 
which  divides  i^  from  Warwick.  It 
contains  14,534  inhabitants,  including 
S,yAS  flaves. 

Norfolk,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  and  feat  of  juftice  in  the  above 
county,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Elizabeth 
river,  mimediately  below  the  confluence 
of  the  eafl:ern  branch.  It  is  the  niofl 
confidcrable  commercial  town  in  Vir- 
ginia. The  channel  of  the  river  is  from 
350  to  400  yards  wide,  and  at  comnior* 
flood  tides  has  iH  feet  water  up  to  thci 
town.  The  harbour  is  Hilt  and  com- 
modious, and  large  enough  to  contain 
300  fliips.  It  was  burnt  on  the  ift  of 
January,  1776,  by  the  Liverpool  man  of 
w.ir,  by  order  of  the  Britilh  governor 
Lord  Dunmore  ;  and  the  lofs  amounted 
to>C.'?cc,ooo  fuelling.  It  now  containu 
about 5CC  d\vclIing-lioufcs,ac()urt-houl'f, 
gaol,  an  epifcopal  and  metJiodift  church, 
a  theatre,  and  an  academy.  In  179c,  it 
contained  2,959  inhabitants,  includinj» 
ia94  flaves.  The  town  is  governed  by 
a  mayor  and  feveral  aldermen.  It  car- 
ries on  a  brifk  trade  to  the  Weil-Indies, 
Europe  and  the  different  States,  and  con- 
ititutes,  with  Portlhioutl),  which  ftandi 

on  . 


♦       * 


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NOR 

on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river,  a  port 
of  entry.  The  exports  for  one  year, 
ending  Sept.  30th,  1794,  amounted  to 
j,66o,75  a  dollars.  A  canal,  of  1 6  miles 
in  length,  is  now  cutting  from  tlie  north 
branch  of  Albemarle  Sound  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, to  the  waters  of  the  S.  branch  of  Eli- 
zabeth river.  It  will  communicate  with 
Elizabeth  river  9  miles  from  Norfolk. 
Merchant  veflels  of  the  largcH;  lize  may 
go  within  a  mile  from  the  nioutli  of  the 
canal ;  and  here,  the  water  being  frefii, 
the  worm,  which  does  fuch  damage  to 
•veflels  in  Norfolk  and  Portfmouth,  will 
not  afFedt  them.  It  is  1 14  miles  E,  S.  E. 
of  Richmond,  54  from  Williamfburg, 
30  N,  E.  of  Suffolk,  and  389  S.  by  W. 
of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  36  sst  W.long. 
76  a8. 

Norfolk,  a  townfhip  in  Litchfield 
CO.  Connedticut,  15  miles  north  of  Litch- 
Jield,  on  the  Maflachufetts  line. 

Norman,  C«^.-,  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  ifland,  is  on  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  and  the  weftern  entrance 
of  tlie  narrow  bay  of  Mauco,  ao  leagues 
from  Cape  Ferrol.  N,  lat.  51  39,  W. 
long.  55  58.  High  water  at  full  and 
change  days  at  9  o'clock. 

NoRos  H  A  l/Iitn J,  Ferdhiando,  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  laid  down  in  lat.  356 
fouth,  and  long.  3a  38  weft.  Captain 
Cook,  in  his  fecond  voyage,  looked  for 
it  in  long.  3a  5,  but  did  not  find  it. 

NoRRiDGEWALK,  or  Norridgcwocky 
a  poll-town  in  Lincoln  co.  on  Kenne- 
jbeck  river, Maine,  incorporated  in  1788, 
and  contains  376  inhabitants.  It  is  10 
miles  wel'c  of  Canaan,  a30  N.  by  E.  of 
Bofton,  and  587  north-eait  of  Philadel- 

Shia.  The  Indian  town  of  this  name 
ood  about  40  miles  above  Fort  Hali- 
fax, where  Kenncbeck  river,  as  you  af- 
cend  it,  after  taking  a  fouth-weftward 
courfe,  turns  to  the  northward,  and 
forms  a  point  where  the  town  Itood. 
It  was  dellroyed  by  a  party  under  Col. 
Hdrman,  in  1724. 

NoRRiTON,  the  principal  tcwn  in 
Montgomery  co.  Pennfylvania,  is  about 
ao  miles  N.  W-  of  Philadelphia,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  havmg  about 
ao  houfes  a  court-houfe  and  gaol,  ,.nda 
handlbme  edifice  of  ftone  for  the  pref- 
ervation  of  records,  and  an  obfervatory. 
This  town  was  the  reiidence  of  that 
Crilcbrated  philolopher  and  philanthro- 
pic, Dr.  David  Rittenhonfe .  In  his 
Obfervatory,  near  his  manlion  houl'e,  he 
was  interred;  agreeably  to  his  requeft, 


NOR 

June,  1796.  His  tomb-ftone  contains 
nothing  but  his  name  and  the  fimple 
record  of  the  days  and  years  of  his  birth 
and  death.  "  Here,  (iays  the  elegant 
writer  of  his  eulogy,  Dr.  Rujh)  mall 
tlie  philofophers  of  future  ages  refort  to 
do  homage  to  his  tomb,  and  children 
yet  unborn  fhall  point  to  the  dome 
which  covers  it,  and  exultingly  fay, 
"  There  li£s  our  Rittcnhoufe." 

NORTH-AMERICA  comnrehends 
all  that  part  of  the  continent  of^  America 
which  lies  N.  of  the  ifthmus  of  Darien, 
extending  N.  and  S.  from  about  the 
loth  degree  of  N.  latitude  to  the  North 
Pole  ;  and  E.  and  W.  from  the  Atlan- 
tic to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  the 
57th  and  1 68th  degrees  of  W.  longitude 
from  n-c^iiwich.  Beyond  the  70th 
degi  ee  N.  lat.  few  difcoveries  have  been 
made.  North-America  was  difcovered 
in  1495,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  by 
John  Cabot,  a  Venetian  ;  and  was  then 
thickly  inhabited  by  Indians.  It  is  now 
fupppied  that  there  are  not  more  than 
two  millions  and  an  half  of  the  Abo- 
rigines in  No'th  and  South  America, 
In  July,  1779,  Capt.  Cook  proceed- 
ed as  far  as  lat.  71,  when  he  came  to 
a  folid  body  of  ice  from  continent  to 
continent.  The  vaft  tra<fl  of  country, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.  and  E.  by  California,  New-Mexico 
and  Louifi.ma — the  United  States,  Can- 
ada and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  ex- 
tending as  far  north  as  the  country  is 
habitable,  (a  few  fcattered  Britiih, 
French,  and  fome  other  European  fet- 
tlements  excepted)  is  inhabited  wholly 
by  various  nations  and  tribes  of  Indians. 
The  Indians  alfo  polTefs  large  tradts  of 
country  within  the  Spanifh,  American, 
and  Bntiih  dominions.  Thofe  parts  of 
North-America,  not  inhabited  by  In- 
dians, belong  (if  we  include  Greenland) 
to  Denmark,  Great-Britain,  the  Amer- 
ican States,  and  Spain.  Spain  claims 
Eaft  and  Weft  Florida,  and  all  W.  of 
the  MilTifippi,  and  S.  of  the  northern 
boundaries  of  Louifiana,  New-Mexico, 
and  California.  Great-Britain  claims 
all  the  country  inhabited  by  Europeans, 
lying  N.  and  E.  of  the  United  States, 
except  Green^nd,  which  belongs  to 
Denmark.  The  remaining  part  is  the 
territory  of  the  Sixteen  United  States. 
The  particular  provinces  and  States, 
are  exhibited  in  tlie  following  uble. 


TABLE, 


K  O  R 


TABLE. 


Countries,  ProV" 

inces,  and 

StattJ. 


Be- 
long 
to 

1 5  Weft-Greenland. 

''New-Britain 
Upper-Canada 
Lower-Canada 
Newfoundland 
Cape  Breton  Ifland 
New-Brunfwick     > 
Nova-Scotia       ")  5 


Number  of 
Inhabit- 
unts. 


I0»000 

Unknown 

aojooo 

i30jOOo 

7,000 

I, coo 


35 »ooo 
. St.  John's  Ifland  5  in  1 783,    5,000 


o   . 


'Vermont 
New-Hampfhire 
Maflachufetts 
Diftrift  of  Maine 
Rhode-Ifland 
Connefticut 
New-York 
New-Jerfey 
Pennfylvania 
Delaware 
Maryland 
Virginia 
Kentucky 
North-Carolina 
South-Carolina 
Georgia 

Tenneflee,  in  1795, 
Territory  N.  W.  of  Ohio 

''Eaft-Fiorida 

Weft-Florida 

Louifiana 

New-Mexico 

California 
.  Mexico,  or  New-Spain 


141,885 

378,787 

96,540 

68,825 

a37>946 
340,120 

184,139 
434,37: 

59>094 
319,728 
747,610 

73*677 
393>75i 
a49i073 

82,548 

77»aoo 


Northampton,  a  large  uneven  co. 
of  Pennfylvania ;  lituated  in  the  N.  E. 
corner  of^the  State  on  Delaware  river, 
which  feparates  it  from  the  State  of 
New-Jerley  and  New- York.  It  is  di- 
vided into  37  townfhips,  and  contains 
24,250  inhabitants. 

Northampton, a  townfliipin  Buck's 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Northampton,  a  town  in  North- 
ampton CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  S.  W. 
bank  of  Lehigh  river,  5  or  6  miles  S.  W. 
of  Bethlehem. 

Northampton,  a  CO.  of  Halifax  dif- 
tria,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  north  by 
the  State  of  Virginia,  containing  9,981 
inhabitants,  including  4,409  flaves. 


NOR 

Northampton,  a  maritime  co.  of 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point  of  the 
penmfula,  which  forms  the  E.  fide  of 
the  entrance  into  Chefapeak  Bay.  It 
has  the  ocean  E.  and  Accomack  co.  oa 
the  north.  Its  fouthern  extremity  is 
Ccipe  Charles,  in  lat.  37  ii  N.  and  long. 
75  5  7  W.  off  which  is  the  fmall  ifland 
called  Smith's  ifland.  This  county  con- 
tains 6,889  inhabitants,  including  3,244 
flaves.     The  lands  are  low  and  fandy. 

Northampton  Court-Hoq/e,  in  tlie 
above  co.  where  a  poft-office  is  kept,  is 
40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Accomack  court- 
houfe,  43  north-eafl:  of  Norfolk,  and  2391 
foutli  of  Philadelphia. 

Northampton,  a  refpedtable  poft- 
town  and  capital  of  Hampfliireco.Mai- 
fachufetts,  lituated  within  a  bend  of  Con- 
necticut river,  on  its  W.  fide,  40  miles 
north  of  Hartford,  in  Conncfticut,  and 
100  W.of  Bofton.  It  contains  a  fpacious 
congregational  church,  a  court-houie, 
gaol,  and  about  250  dvvelling-houles, 
many  of  which  are  genteel  buildings. 
Its  meadows  are  extenfiye  and  fertile; 
and  it  carries  on  a  confiderable  inland 
trade.  This  townfliip  was  incorporated 
in  1685,  and  contains  1,628  inhabitants.! 

Northampton,  a  townfhip  in  Bur- 
lington CO.  New-Jerfey,  which  contains 
about  56,000  acres,  half  of  which  is  un- 
der improvement,  the  other  half  is  moft- 
ly  pine  barren.  The  chief  place  of  the 
townfliip  is  called  Mount  Holly.  It  con- 
tains about  150  houfes,  an  Epifcopal 
church,  a  Friend's  meeting-houfe,  aitd. 
a  market-houfe.  It  is  22  miles  from 
Trenton,  and  ao  from  Philadelphia* 
See  Mount  Holly. 

North  BOROUGH,  a  townfliip  in 
Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  formerly 
the  northern  part  of  Weftborougli.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1760,  and  contains 
619  inhabitants.  It  is  10  miles  E.  of 
Worcefter,  and  36  W.  of  Bofton. 

NuRTHBRiDCE,  a  townfhip in  WcT- 
cefter  co.  MalTachufetts,  taken  from 
Uxbridge,  which  bounds  it  on  the  S. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1772,  and  con- 
tains 569  inhabitants.  Blackftone  river 
runs  through  this  town.  It  is  i  a  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Worcefter,  and  45  S.  W.of 
Bofton. 

NORTH -CAROLINA,  one  of  the 
United  States,  is  bounded  N.  by  Vir- 
ginia; E.  by  die  Atlantic  Ocean  ;  S.by 
S.  Carolina,  and  W.  by  the  State  of 
Tenneflee.  It  lies  between  33  50,  and 
36  XQ  N.lat.  and  between  76  8  and  gj 
.  8  W. 


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N  O  R 

S  W.  long,  being  about  450  miles  in 
length,  and  180  in  breadth,  containing 
about  34,000  fquare  miles.     The  dii- 
tridls  of  this  State  arc  clafled  in  three 
divilions,   viz.  The  Eajiern  diftriiils, 
EcktitoTtt  Nenubern  and   H'llmitigton — 
the  Middle  dillri<fls,  FayettevHUy  Hillfho- 
rough,  and  Halifax — and  the  Wejlern 
diftrids,   Morgan  and  Salijhur^.    The 
eaftern  dillricts  are  on  the  iea-coaft, 
extending  from  the  Virginia  line  fouth- 
ward  to  S.  Carolina.    The  five  others 
cover  the  whole  State,  W.  of  the  ma- 
ritime diftritits  ;   and  the  greater  part 
of  them  extend  acrofs  the  State  from  N. 
to  S.    Thefe  diftrids  are  fubdivided  in- 
to 58  counties  which  contained,  in  1 790, 
393,7? I  inhabitants,  of  whom  100,571 
Avere  iflaves.  The  chief  rivers  of  N.  Ca- 
rohna  are  Chowan  and  its  branches, 
Roanoke,  Tar,  Neus,  and  Cape  Fear  or 
Clarendon.   Mofl  of  thefe  and  the  f-iail- 
er  rivers  have  bars  at  their  mouths  ;  and 
the  coaft  furniilies.no  good  harbours  ex- 
cept Cape  Fear.     There  are  two  re- 
markable fwaiups  in  this  State,  the  one 
in  Currituck  co.  the  other  on  the  line 
between  this  State  and  Virginia.    See 
Currituck  County ■,  and  Diftnal.  The  moft 
remarkable/owW/  are  Albemarle,  Pamli- 
co and  Core  Sounds — the  capes.  Look- 
out, Hatteras  and  Fear ;  which  are  def- 
cribed  under  their  refpedive  names. 
Newbern  is  the  largeft  town  in  the 
State  ;  the  other  towns  of  note  are  E- 
denton,  Wilmington,  Halifax,  Hillfbo- 
rough,  Saliiburv,  and  Fayetteville ;  each 
of  which  have  been,  in  their  turns,  the 
feat  of  the  general  aflembly.    Raleigh, 
fituated  near  the  centre  of  tne  State,  has 
lately  been  eftablifhed  as  the  metropo- 
lis.   N.  Carolina,  in  its  whole  width, 
for  60  miles  from  the  fea,  is  a  dead  level. 
A  great  proportion  of  this  tradt  lies  in 
fbreft:  and  is  barren.    On  the  banks  of 
fomc  of  the  rivers,  particularly  of  the 
Roanoke,  the  land  is  fertile  and  good. 
Interfperied  through  the  other  parts, 
arc  glades  of  rich  fwamp,  and  ridges  of 
oak  land,  of  a  black,  fertile  foil.    Sixty 
or  eighty  miles  from  the  fea,  the  coun- 
try nfes  into  hills  and  mountains,  as  in 
S.  Carolina  and  Georgia.    W^heat,  rye, 
barley,  oats  and  flax,  grow  well  in  the 
back  hilly  country.     Indian  corn  and 
pulfe  of  all  kinds,  in  all  parts.    Cotton 
and  hemp  are  alfo  coniiderablv  cultiva- 
ted here,  and  might  be  raifed  in  much 
greater  plenty.    The  cotton  is  planted 
yearly  :   The  ftiilk  dies  with  the  froll. 


NOR 

The  labour  of  one  man  will  produce 
1000  pounds  in  the  feeds,  or  250  fit  for 
manufadluring.  A  great  proportion  of 
the  produce  of  the  back  country,  con- 
fifting  of  tobacco,  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
&c.  is  carried  to  market  in  S.  Carolina 
and  Virginia.  The  fouthern  interior 
counties  carry  their  produce  to  Charlef- 
ton,  and  the  northern  to  Peterfburg,  in 
Virginia.  The  exports  from  the  lower 
parts  of  the  State,  are  tar,  pitch,  turpen- 
tine, rolin,  Indian  corn,  boards,  fcant- 
ling,  ftaves,  (hingles,  furs,  tobacco,  pork, 
lard,  tallow,  bees-wax,  myrtle-wax,  and 
a  few  other  articles,  amounting  in  the 
year,  ending  September  30th,  1791,  to 
5Z4,.?48  dollars.  Their  trade  is  chief- 
ly with  the  Weft-Indies  and  the  north- 
ern States.  In  the  flat  country  near  the 
fea-coaft,  tlie  inhabitants,  curing  the 
fummer  and  autumn,  are  fubjedl  to  in- 
termitting fevers,  which  often  prove  fa- 
tal, as  bilious  or  nervous  fymptoms  pre- 
vail. The  weftern  hilly  parts  of  the 
State  are  as  healthy  as  any  part  of  Ame- 
rica. That  country  is  fertile,  full  of 
fprings  and  rivulets  of  pure  water.  Au- 
tumn is  very  pleafant,  both  in  regard  to 
the  temperature  and  ferenity  of  the 
weather,  and  die  richnefs  and  variety  of 
the  vegetable  produdions,  which  the 
feafon  affords.  The  winters  are  fo 
mild  in  fome  years,  that  autumn  may  be 
faid  to  continue  till  fpring.  Wheat  har- 
veft  is  in  the  beginning  of  June,  and 
that  of  Indian  corn  early  in  September. 
The  large  natural  growth  of  the 
plains,  in  the  low  coimtry,  is  almoft 
univerfally  pitch  pine,  which  is  a  tall 
handfome  tree,  far  fuperior  to  the  pitch 
pine  of  the  northern  States.  This  tree 
may  be  called  the  ftaple  commodity  of 
N.  Carolina.  It  affords  pitch,  tar,  tur- 
pentine, and  various  kinds  of  lumber, 
which,  togedier,  conftitute  at  leaft  one 
half  of  the  exports  of  this  State.  No 
country  produces  finer  white  and  red 
oak  for  ftaves.  The  fwamps  abound 
with  cyprufs  and  bay  trees.  The  latter 
is  an  evergreen,  and  is  food  for  the  cat- 
tle in  winter.  The  Mifsletoe  is  com- 
mon in  the  back  country.  This  is  a 
Ihrub,  which  differs  in  kind,  perhaps 
from  all  others.  It  never  grows  out  of 
the  earth,  but  on  the  tops  of  trees.  The 
roots  (if  they  may  be  fo  called)  run  un- 
der the  baric  of  the  tree,  arid  incorpo- 
rate with  the  wood.  It  is  an  evergreen 
refembling  the  garden  box-wood.  The 
late  war,  by  which  N.  Carolina  was 

greatly 


Rreatly  injured*  put  a  ftop  to  fevefal 
won-works.  Th«re  are  four  or  five  fur- 
naces in  the  State*  that  are  in  blaft*  and 
a  proportionable  nunober  of  forges.  The 
^ceftem  parts  of  this  State,  which  have 
been  fettled  within  the  laft  40  years, 
are  chiefly  inhabited  by  Prefbyterians 
from  Pennfylvania,  the  defcenaants  of 
people  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  and 
are  exceedingly  attached  to  the  doc- 
trines, difcipline  and  ufages  of  the 
church  of  Scotland.  They  are  a  regu- 
lar induftrious  people.  The  Moravi* 
ans  liave  feveral  flourifhing  fettler^pnts 
in  the  upper  part  of  this  State.  The 
Friends  or  Quakers  have  a  fettlement  in 
New-Garden  in  Guilford  co.  a;id  feve- 
ral congregations  at  Perquimins  and  Paf- 
quotanki  The  Methodills  and  Baptilh 
aie  numerous  and  increafing.  The 
General  AfTenibly  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
December,  1789,  paiTed  a  law  incorpo- 
rating 40  gentlemen,  5  from  each  oif- 
trift,  as  truftees  of  the  Univerfity  of 
N.  Carolina.  The  State  has  given  hand- 
fome  donations  for  the  endowment  of 
this  fcminary.  The  General  AiTembly, 
in  December,  1791,  loaned  £5,000  to 
the  truftees,  to  enable  them  to  pro- 
ceed immediately  \vith  their  buildings. 
There  is  a  very  good  academy  at  War- 
renton,  another  an  William  (borough, 
in  Granville,  and  three  or  four  oth- 
ers in  the  State,  of  conliderable  note. 
North-Carolina  has  had  a  rapid 
growth.  In  the  year  1 7 10,  it  contained 
but  about  iioo  feniible  men.  In  1794, 
the  numberwas  eftiraatedatabout5cooo. 
It  is  now,  in  point  of  numbers,  the  fourth 
State  in  the  Union*  By  the  conlHtu- 
tion  of  this  State,  M'hich  was  ratified  in 
December,  1796,  all  legiflative  authori- 
ty is  vefted  in  two  diltinit  branches, 
both  dependent  on  the  people,  viz.  a 
Senate  and  Houfe  of  Commons,  which, 
when  convened  for  buGnefs,  are  ftyled 
the  General  Aflembly.  The  fenate  is 
compofed  of  reprefentatives,  one  from 
«ach  county,  chofen  annually  by  ballot. 
The  houfe  of  commons  conufts  of  rep- 
refentatives chofen  in  the  fame  way,  2 
for  each  county,  and  one  for  eacn  of 
the  towns  of  Edenton,  Newbern,  Wil- 
mington, Salifbury,  Hillfborough,  Hali- 
fax, and  Fayetteville.  The  hiilory  of 
North-Carolina  is  lefs  known  than  that 
of  any  other  of  the  Sutes.  From  the 
beft  accounts  that  hiftory  aflFords,  the 
firft  permanent  fettlement  in  North- 
i;,!ju:u]ioa  was  mad*  about  th«  y<;ar- 1 7  io» 


1^  o  H 

by  a  number  of  Palatines  from  Germany, 
who  had  been  reduiced  to  circumftan- 
ces  of  great  indigence,  by  a  calamitous 
War.  The  infant  colony  remained  un- 
der the  general  government  of  South-* 
Carolina,  till  about  the  year  1729,  when 
feven  of  the  proprietors,  for  a  valuable 
conflderation,  vefted  their  property 
and  jurifdidtion  in  the  crown ;  and  the 
Colony  was  eredled  into  a  feparate  prov- 
ince, by  the  name  of  North-Carolina, 
and  its  prefent  limits  eftabli(hed  by  an 
order  ot  George  II. 

NoRTH.CASTLE,atownfhipofNew- 
Vork,  in  Weft-Chcfter  co.  north  of 
Mount  Pleafunt,  and  the  White  Plains  on 
the  borders  of  Connefticut.  In  1790, 
it  contained  2,478  inhabitants.  In  1 796, 
there  were  17,^  of  the  inhabitants  quali- 
fied eledorsi  It  is  10  miles  from  White 
Plains,  and  so  from  Hidgefield  in  Con* 
nefticut. 

North-East,  a  fmall  river  which 
empties  in  at  the  head  of  Chcfapeak 
Bay,  about  5  miles  below  Charleftown  } 
only  noticeable  for  the  quantity  of  her- 
rings caught  in  iti 

North-East.  FowN,  a  townfliip  in 
Dutchefs  CO.  New- York,  about  90  miles 
N.  of  New- York  city  }  between  Rhyn- 
beck  and  Connedicut  weft  line.  In 
1790  it  contained  .^,401  inhabitants. 
In  1796  there  were  in  it  391  qualified 
eleftors. 

North-Edisto  I;t/et,  on  the  coafl 
of  S.  Carolina,  is  11  miles  from  Stono 
Inlet,  and  3  E.  N.  E.  from  South  Ediftoi 

Northern  Archipelago  confifts  of 
feveral  groups  of  iflands,  which  are  fit- 
uated  between  the  eaftern  coaft  of  Kamt- 
fchatka,  in  Alia,  and  the  weftern  coail: 
of  America.  Thefe  illands  are  frequent- 
ed on  account  of  tlieir  valuable  furs.  If 
the  accounts  of  navigators  who  have 
viiited  them  may  be  credited,  the  moft 
perfeft  equality  reigns  among  thele  ill- 
anders  ;  they  live  in  the  primitive  patri- 
archal manner,  and  every  perfon  looks 
upon  his  iiland  as  a  polFellion,  the  prop- 
erty of  which  is  common  to  all  the  in- 
dividuals of  the  fame  fociety.  They, 
feem  cold  and  indifferent  in  moft  of 
their  anions ;  but  let  an  injury  or  even 
a  fufpicion  roufe  them  from  this  phleg- 
matic ftate,  they  become  inflexible  and 
furious,  taking  the  moft  violent  re- 
venge, without  any  regard  to  the  con- 
faquences.  The  leaft  aiHi(5tioa  prompts 
them  to  fuicide. 

NuATHFUstD,  atownfiiip  in  Oranga 


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NOR 

to.  Vermont,  between  ao  and  30  miles 
W.  of  Newbury,  in  the  W.  part  oftlic 
county. 

NoRTHFiELD,  a  thriving  townfliip, 
in  the  N.  part  of"  Hampihire  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts ;  fituatcd  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Connedlicut  rirer,  30  miles  N.  of  North- 
ampton, 100  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Bofton. 
It  contains  861?  inhabitants.  The  town 
was  incorporated  in  1673,  and  ibme 
years  after  defolated  by  the  Indians. 
The  inhabitants  retumea  again  in  1685, 
but  it  was  loon  after  deftroyed  a  fecond 
time.  In  1713  it  was  again  rebuilt, 
and  one  third  of  the  townfliip  was  tak- 
en off,  and  incorporated  by  the  name 
of  Hinfdalc.  Fort  Dummer  was  in  tlie 
vicinity  of  this  town. 

NoRTHFiELn,  a  inaall  to\yn  in  Rock- 
ingham CO,  New-Hamplhire,  taken 
from  Canterbury,  on  the  E.  lide  of 
r  rrimack  river,  and  incorporated  in 
1780.    It  contains  6o<S  inhabitants. 

NoRTHFiELD,  a  townftiip-  in  Rich- 
mond county,  Staten-Kland,  New- York, 
containing  io»i  inhabitants,  including 
X33  qualified  eleftors,  and  133  (laves. 

North-Hampton,  a  townfhip  of 
Kew-Hampfhire,  in  Rockingham  co. 
which  contains  657  inhabitants,  taken 
from  Hampton   and-  incorporated   ia 

1742.  ^.      ^ 

North-Have?»,  a  townfhip  or  Cion- 
neifticut,  fituated  in  New-Haven  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Eaft  river,  8  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  New-Haven,  and  34  S.  by  W.  of 
Hartford.  It  was  fettled  in  1660  by  35 
men,  principally  from  Saybrook,  This 
town  is  the  birth-place  of  that  learned, 

{)ious  and  excellent  man,  Dr.  Ezra  Stiles, 
ate  prefident  of  Yale  college. 

North-Hempstead,  a  townfliip  in 
Queen's  co.  Long-Ifland,  New- York, 
bounded  eafterly  by  Oyfler  Bay,  north- 
erly by  the  found,  and  fouth  by  South- 
Hempuead.  In  1790,  it  contained  3696 
inhabitants,  of  whom  507  were  flaves. 
In  1796,  23*  of  the  inhabitants  were 
qualified  eleftors.  The  foil  is  but  in- 
different. 

NoRTH-HuNTiNGTON,atownfJiipin 
Wcftmoreland  co.  Pennfylvania. 

North  IJliwd,  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  lies  on  the  north  fide  of  Win- 
yah  Harbour. 

No RT H MN E D  Lake,  in N.  America, 
is  about  160  miles  S.  of  the  head  of 
Chelterfield  Inlet ;  is  full  of  iflands,  and 
about  80  miles  long,  and  aj  broad. 

fitoRTH-KlNGSTOWN,    a    tOWD    in 


U  O  It 

Waflilngton  co.  Rhode-Ifland,  which 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  in  the 
filhcries,  belides  fome  to  the  Weft-In- 
dies. Its  harbour  is  called  Wickford, 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Narraganfet  Bay, 
oppolite  the  north  end  of  Canonniait 
Ifland.  It  is  about  8  miles  north-wclt 
of  Newport,  and  ao  foutherly  of  Prov- 
idence. The  townfhip  contains  3,907 
inhabitants. 

North  Mountain,  one  of  the  rid- 
ges of  the  Alkgany  Mountains,  which 
extends  through  Virginia  and  Pennfyl- 
vania. There  is  a  curious  fyphon  foun- 
tain in  Virginia,  near  the  interfeftion 
of  Lord  Fairfax's  boundary  with  the 
North  Mountain,  not  far  from  Brock's 
Gan,  on  the  ftream  of  which  is  a  grill:- 
mill,  which  grinds  two  bufhels  of  grain 
at  every  flood  of  the  fpring. 

NoRTHPORT,  a  towninip  in  Han- 
cock CO.  Diftrid  of  Maine,  taken  from 
the  northerly  part  of  Duck-Trap  Plan- 
tation, and  incorporated  in  1796. 

North  Kb EF,  off  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  lies  in  lat. 
ao  33  N.  and  long.  69  i  a  W. 

North  RivBR,in  New- York.  See 
Htid/on's  Rk'fr.- 

North  RiVBR,.irf  MafTachufetts, for 
its  fize,  is  remarkable  for  its  depth  of 
water,  being  in  forae  places  not  more 
than  40  or  50  feet  wide,  yet  vefl'els  of 
300  tons  are  built  at  Pembroke,  and  de- 
i'cend  to  Maffachufetts  Bay,  18  miles  dif- 
tant,  as  the  river  runs.  It  rifes  in  Indian 
Head  Pondj  in  Pembroke,  and  runs  a 
fcrpentine  courfe  between  Scituat?  and 
Marfhfield..  The  river  is  navigable  for 
boats  tO'  tJTcr  firft  fall,  5  miles  from  ita 
fource.  Thence  to  the  neareft  waters 
which  njn  into  Taunton  river,  is  only 
three  miles.  A  canal  to  conneifl  the 
waters  of  thefo  two  rivers,  which  com- 
municate with  Narragaiifeft  and  MalFa* 
chufetts  bays,  would  be  of  great  utility, 
as  it  would  fave  a  long  and  dangerous 
navigation  round  Cape  Cod. 

North  KivBR,a  very  confiderable 
liver  of  New-Mtxico,  in  North-Ameri- 
ca, which  riles  in  the  north  part  of  it, 
and  direrts  its  courfe  to  the  S.  E.  and 
ftmpties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  tlie 
W.  end,  in  about  lat.  a  6  la  north. 

North  Rivkr,  a  branch  of  Fluvan- 
na river,  in  Virginia.  See  Cow  and  Calf 
Piijhtre. 

North  Salem,  a  townfhip  in  Wefl- 
Chefter  co.  New- York,  bounded  foudi- 
ei  ly  by  S/^Xcmj  eafterJy  by  Cotinedicut^ 
•  -V  BOtyvJijy 


northci'ly  by  Diitchcfs  co.  and  wcrterly 
l)y  the  middle  ofCroton  river.  In  1 7^0, 
it  corttained  1058  inhabitants,  including 
liS  (laves.  In  1706,  162  of  the  inhab- 
itants were  qualified  eluiflors. 

North  St  a,  is  a  name  that  has  been 
given  by  geographers  to  various  parts 
of  the  oceans,  where  they  happen  to 
wafli  the  northern  parts  of'  the  Ameri- 
can continent  or  iflands.  Thus,  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  theAltantic  Ocean 
further  to  the  eaft,  from  their  waters 
wafhing  the  N.coaft  of  Mexico  or  New- 
Spain  in  North-America,  and  Terra 
rirma  in  South-America,  have  been 
diftingaiflied  by  this  name.  It  has  alfo 
l)een  applied  to  the  Ibuthern  part  of  the 
Oulf  of  Mexico,  in  particular  by  the 
Spaniards,  on  their  crofling  the  ifthmiis 
of  Darien  from  the  N.  to  the  S.  coaft, 
in  oppofition  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  to 
which  they  gave  the  name  of  the  South 
Sea.  The  Atlantic  ocean  alio  on  the 
X.  coaft  of  N.  America  has  been  fome- 
timesaUb  called  the  N.  Sea ;  which  ap- 
pellation has  alfo  been  given  to  the 
Frozen  Ocean,  from  its  bounding  North- 
America  on  the  north. 

North  Sound  Foikt  is  the  pro- 
jedling  point  of  land  on  the  N.  E.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  and  is  about  S.  S.  E.  from  Long- 
Uland. 

Northumberland,  a  town  in 
Grafton  co.  New-Hampfhire,  fituated 
on  the  E.  fide  of  Connefticut  river,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Amonooluck. 
It  was  incorporated  m  1779,  and  con- 
tains J17  inhabitants. 

Northumberland,  a  county  of 
?''nnfylvania,  bounded  N.  by  Lycom- 
ing ;  S.  and  W.  by  Dauphin  and  Mif- 
flin counties.  It  is  divided  into  16 
town  (hips,  and  in  179c  contained  17,161 
inhabitants.  The  county  of  Lycoming 
has  fmce  the  cenfus  been  lately  taken 
from  it,  but  the  county  is  fuppofed  to 
contain  nearly  as  many  inhabitants  as 
before  ;  a  great  number  of  people  hav- 
ing emigrated  to  this  part  of  tlie  State. 
Chief  town,  Sunbury. 

Northumberland,  a  flouridiing 
:  poil-town  in  the  above  county,  lituated 
Ion  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
junftion  of  the  E.  and  \V.  branches  of 
I  the  Sufquehannah.     It  is  laid  out  regu- 
larly, and  contains  about  izo  houfes,  a 
Preibyterian  church,  and  an  academy. 
It  is  a  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sunbury,  and 
Ii4  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 


NOR 

Northumberland,  a  county  rf' 
Virginia,  bounded  E.by  Cher-ipeak  Bay, 
and  W.  by  Richmond.  It  contains 
9,163  inhaoiunts,  including  4,460 
flaves.  The  couit-houfc,  where  a  poft- 
office  is  kept,  is  la  miles  from  Kinfalc, 
18  fromLancafter  court-houfc,  86  from 
Fi'ederickft>urg,  and  317  from  Philadel. 
phia. 

North-Walbs,  a  town  of  Caroline 
CO.  Virginia,  on  Pamunky  river,  about 
a  miles  below  the  junction  of  N.  and  S. 
Anna  brancl>es. 

North-West  Co mt  of  America, 
The  country  on  die  N.  wcltern  part  of' 
the  continent  of  America,  lying  on  the 
Pacific    Ocean,  is  thus  denominated. 
According  to  accounts  given  by  voya- 
gers, to  this  coaft,  the  valt  country  lying 
upon  it,  with  very  little  deviation,  has 
the  appearance  of  one  continued  foreft,- 
being  covered  with  jnnes  of  different' 
fpecies,  and  thefe  intermixed  with  al- 
der, birch,  witch-hazle,  &c.  befides  va* . 
rious  kinds  of  brufhwood  ;  and  th;  val-  ■ 
lies  and  low  grounds  afford  wild  cur-' 
rants,  goofeberries,  rafpberries,  and  va-  • 
rious  llowcring  Ihrubs-     On  the  coaft  • 
are  many  iflands,  fpacious  bays,  com-  \ 
modious  harbours,  and  mouths  of  navi-- 
gable  rivers  ;   among  the   former  are- 
Wafliington,  or  Queen  Charlotte's  Ifl-  ■ 
ands,  extending  from  N.  lat.  51  4a  to  ' 
54  18  ;  W.  long,  from  Greenwich  no ' 
54  to  1.^3  18.  Here  are  Nootka  Sound,- 
Admiralty  Bay,  and  Port  Mulgrave,  ■ 
Prince  William's  Sound,  Cook's  river;} 
the  peninfula  of  Alalka,  and  the  iflands- 
furrounding  it,  Briftol  Bay,  and  Nor-" 
ton  Sound  ;  which  laft  lie  S.  caftward^ 
ofBehring's  Straits.    The  coaft  is  in- 
habited by  numerous  but  Imall  tribes  of 
Indians  ;  each  tribe  appearing  to  be  in-' 
dependent,  and  governed  by  its  own 
chief.    They  diflter  from  each  other  in 
their  language  and  cuftoms,  und  are 
frequently  at  war.    It  is  impoflible  to  • 
afcertain  with  any  degree  of  certainty  - 
the  number  of  inhabitants  ;   but  they', 
have  been  computed  at  10,000,  from ' 
Nootka  Sound  to  Cook's  rivt-r,  an  ex- 
tent of  about  1000  miles.     The  natives 
are  for  the  moft  part  fliort  in  ftaturc, 
their  faces,  men  and   women,  are  in 
general  flat  and  round,  with  high  cheek 
bones  and  flat  nofes,  and  their  teeth 
white  and  regular.     Their  complex- 
ions are  lighter  than  the  fouthern  In- 
dians, and  fome  of  their  women  have 
roiy  checks.    Both  fcxes  are  fond  of 

ornamenting 


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etnamcntiog  thcmfelves  with  beads  a«d 
trinkets,  and  they  generally  paint  their 
hands  and  faces.  They  have  a  cuftom 
of  makinc  a  Jongitudinal  Hit  in  the  un- 
der lip,  between  the  mouth  and  chin, 
fome  of  tliCRi  as  lar^e  as  the  mouth,  in 
which  they  wear  a  piece  of  bone,  wood 
or  ivory,  fitted  witn  holes  in  it,  from 
which  they  fufpend  beads  as  low  as  the 
chin.  There  appears  to  be  a  greater 
uniformity  in  the  drcfs  of  the  different 
tribes,  than  in  their  ornaments.  The 
aperture  or  fecond  mouth,  above  the 
chin,  fecms  confined  to  the  twn  of 
C(Mjk's  river  and  Piince  William's 
Sound;  whilft  the  wooden  ornament 
in  the  under  lip  is  worn  by  die  •wowen 
only,  in  that  part  of  the  coaft  from  Port 
Mulgrave  to  Queen  Chailotte's  Iflands. 
The  inhabitants  wholly  fubfift  by  fifli- 
ingand  hunting.  Their  cloathing  is 
made  of  the  ficins  of  animals  and  birds. 
They  live  in  a  very  dirty  manner,  and 
arc  a  complete  nidlure  of  filth  and  indo- 
lence. The  chief  objeft  of  civilized 
nations  in  navt^^ating  this  coafl  hitherto, 
has  been  to  traffic  with  the  natives  for 
furs  ;  which  they  give  in  exchange  for 
pieces  of  iron,  naus,  beads,  penknives 
and  other  trifling  trinkets.  Thefe  furs 
are  carried  to  China,  and  difpofed  of  to 
a  great  profit.  The  fkins  obtained  are 
thofe  of  the  fea-otter,  racoon,  pine-inar- 
tifl,  land-beaver,  earlefs  mamrant,  &c. 
The  other  articles  which  might  be  pro- 
cured are  ginfeng,  copper,  oil,  fpars, 
&c.  with  great  quantities  of  faiinon. 
From  1785  to  Ftbuury,  17S8,  there  had 
arrived  at  China  from  this  coall  9  vef- 
fels  of  di^ertiit  nations.  Six  of  thefe 
had  furs,  ibid  for  96,84a  dollars ;  two 
i'rcncli  (iiips,  ^4,83 7  dolls,  and  17,000 
fkins  imported  by  the  Spaniards  unfold. 
What  furs  the  Ruflians  procure  is  not 
known,  as  they  never  carry  tht-m  to 
Ciinton,  An  inland  i'ea  has  oeen  lately 
dilcovered  in  this  country.  Mr.  Etch- 
es, who  fitted  out  fhips  from  fuigiand, 
has  lately  difcovered,  that  all  the  wcll- 
trn  coaft  of  America  fiom  lat.  48  to  57 
N.  is  npt  a  continued  tiat^t  of  land,  but 
a  chain  of  iflands  which  had  never  been 
f  ,\pIorcd,  and  that  thofe  concealed  tlic 
entrance  to  a  vaft  \nland  fc:i,  hkt  the 
Ciltic  or  Mediterranean  in  jiurone,  and 
which  fcems  liktnvife  to  be  full  of  ifl- 
and.;.  Among  thefe  Mr.  Etches' fliip, 
the  Priiicefs  Koya),  penetrated  feveral 
hundred  leagues  in  a  N.  li.  dirc(ftion, 
till  they  caiuv  wiihit*  isc.kuyucs  of 


NOR 

Hudfon's  Bay ;  but  as  the  intentioft  of 
the  voyage  was  merely  commercial, 
they  had  not  time  fully  to  explore  the 
Archipelago,  juli  mentioned,  nor  did 
they  arrive  at  the  termination  of  this 
new  Mediterranean  Sea.  The  iflands, 
of  which  upwards  of  ^0  were  viiited, 
were  inhabited  by  tribes  of  Indians, 
who  appeared  very  friendly,  and  well 
difpofed  to  carry  on  a  commerce. 
Some  fliips  are  fitting  out  at  one  of  tho 
ports  of  England  for  the  fame  place,  fo 
that  further  difcoveries  may  foon  be  ex- 
pefted.  In  confequence  of  an  expedi- 
tion undertaken  in  1787,  d'pt.  J.  K^n- 
drick,  of  the  fliip  Columbia,  \,hi'»iprof- 
ecuting  an  advantageous  voyage  with 
the  natives  for  furs,  purchafed  of  them 
it  is  faid,  for  the  owners,  a  traft  of  dc 
lightful  country,  comprehending  four 
degrees  of  latitude,  or  340  miles  Uiuare, 
The  deeds  are  faid  to  be  in  China,  and 
regiflered  in  the  office  of  the  American 
conful ;  the  agents  in  London  are  au- 
thorized to  treat  with  any  gentleman 
or  aiTociation  for  the  purchafe  of  a  traft 
of  land  no  where  exceeded  for  fertility 
and  climate,  and  which  may  perhaps  by 
a  prudent  management  of  fome  wife  con- 
ftitution,  become  of  the  utmofl  import- 
ance. 

North-West  River,  a  branch  of 
Cape  Fear,  or  Clarendon  river,  in  N, 
Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  the  jundlion 
of  Haw  and  Deep  rivers ;  and  it  is  ;joo 
yards  wide-  at  Afluvood,  80  or  90  miles 
above  the  Capes ;  even  when  the  Itream 
is  low,  and  within  its  banks.  See  Cape 
Ffiir  River.  On  the  wefl  fide  of  this 
mer,  about  40  miles  above  Afhwood, 
in  the  banks  of  a  creek,  5  or  6  feet  be- 
low the  fandy  furface,  are  to  be  feen, 
projeiiting  out  many  feet  in  length, 
trunks  of  trees  entirely  petrified. 

North-West   'I'erritory.      See 
Territory. 

North  WOOD,  an  interior  and  elcvat- 
td  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co.  Ncw- 
Hampfhire,  in  which,  and  on  its  bor- 
ders, are  a  number  of  Imall  ponds,  whofe 
waters  feed  Pifcataqua  and  Suncook  riv- 
ers.  It  was  incorporated  in  1773  ;  con- 
tains 744  inhabitants,  and  is  about  3^ 
miles  north-wefl  of  Portfmoudi.  Cryi- 
tals  and  cryftaliine  fpars  are  found 
here. 

North-Yarmouth,  a.pofl-towii  of 
the  piftriia:  of  Maine,  in  Cumberland 
CO.  on  a  Imall  river  which  falls  into 
C^co  Bay.    It  is  1 7  miles  W.  by  S.  oi' 

Biunfwick) 


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^ninfwick,  14  north  of  Portland,  and 
140  E.  of  Bofton.  The  townfliip  is  ex- 
tcnfive,  was  incorporated  in  1713,  and 
contains  1,978  inhabitants.  Cuflcn's 
river  divides  it  from  Frecport  on  the 
N.E. 

Norton,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co. 
Vermont,  fituatcd  on  the  Canada  line, 
having  Canaan  cuft,  and  ilolland  on  the 
weft. 

NoKTON,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  fituatcd  in  Briftoi  co.  and ,;,?  miles 
fouthward  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 71 1,  and  contains  I4a8  inhab- 
itants. The  annual  amount  of  the  nail 
manufadture  here  is  not  lefs  than  300 
tons.  There  is  alfo  a  manufa^ure  of 
ochre  which  is  found  here,  fimilar  to 
that  at  Taunton. 

Norton,  a  fettleraent  on  the  nortli- 
«aft  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland. 

Norton's  Sounds  on  the  N .  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America,  extends  from  Cape  Dar- 
by on  the  N.  N.  W.  to  Cape  Denbigh, 
or  Cape  Stephen's  on  the  S.  or  S.  E. 
N»  lat.  64  50. 

NoRWALK,  a  pleafant  poft-town  in 
Fairfield  co.  Conneifticut,  (itiiated  on 
the  north  (ide  of  Long-Ifland  Sound.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  and  Epifco- 
pal  churcli  which  are  neat  edifices,  and 
between  40  and  50  compa^  houies.  It 
is  !.•?  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fairlicld,  34  S. 
W.  by  W.  of  New-Haven,  .^4  N.  E.  of 
New-York,  and  149  from  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  41  9,  W.  long.  71  47.  The 
townfliip  is  lituated  in  a  fcitile  wheat 
country,  andwasfetded  in  i6ji.  Here 
are  iron-works  and  a  number  of  mills. 
It  has  a  fmall  trade  to  Ncw-Yoik  and 
iht  Weft-Indies. 

Norway,  a  townfliip  of  New- York, 
in  Herkemer  CO.  incorporated  in  1792. 
By  the  State  cenfus  of  1 796,  it  contained 
3,164  inhabitants,  of  whom  353  were 
cletftors. 

Norway,  a  new  townlhip  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated 1797. 

Norwich,  a  confiderable  townfliip 
in  Windfor  co.  Vermont,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  Connedticut  river,  oppofite  to 
Dartmouth  college.  It  contains  115  8 
inhabitants. 

Norwich,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Malfachufetts,  24  miles  S.  W.  of 
Northampton,  and  114  well  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1773,  and  con- 
tains 74a  inhabitants. 

Norwich,  a  city  and  pofttownof 


Coi»#e»5licut,  and  of  the  fecond  rank  in 
New-London  co.  fituatcd  at  the  hc.ul  of 
navigation  on  Thames  tivcr,  14  mile* 
nortJi  of  New-I,ondon,  and  40  S.  E.  of 
Hartford.    This  comniercial  lity  has  a 
rich  and  cxtenfivc  back  countiy  ;  and 
avails  itielf  of  its  happy  fituation  on  <i 
navigable  river,  which  affords  a  grrat 
number  of  convenient  Ibats  for  mills, 
and  water  machines  of  all  kinds.    The 
inhabitants    manufadlure  paper  of  all 
kinds,  ftockings,  clocks  and  watches, 
rhaifes,    buttons,    ftone    and   eartheu 
ware,  oil,  chocolate,  wire,  bells,    an- 
chors, and  all  kinds  of  forge-work.  The 
city  contiiins  about  450  dwelling-houfes, 
a  court-houfe,  and  two  churches  for 
Congregationalifts,  and  one  for  Epifco* 
palians,  and    about   3000  inhabitants. 
The  city  is  in  three  detached,  compafl  • 
divifions,  viz.  Chelfea,  at  the  landing,  - 
the  Town,  and  Bean  Hill ;  in  the  latter  ' 
divifion  is  an  academy,  and  in  the  town  • 
is  an  endowed  fchool.  The  courts  of  law  . 
are  held  alternately  at  New-London  and 
Norwich.    This  town  was  fettled  in 
1660,  by  T,<.  men,  principally  from  Say- 
brook.    It  is  251  miles  N.  E.  ot  Phila- 
delphia.   N.  lat.  41  34,  W.long.  72  n^. 

Norwich,  a  townfliip  in  Tioga  co. 
New-York,  taken  from  the  towns  of 
Jericho  and  Union,  and  incorporated 
in  1793.  It  is  fettled  principally  by 
jjeopie  from  Conne<5ticiit ;  is  bounded 
Ibuthcrly  by  Oxford,  and  Ii6s  5 ;  miles 
weft  of  Cherry  Valley.  By  the  State 
cenfus  of  J 796,  129  of  its  inhabitants 
were  eledors. 

Notch,  The,  a  pafs  in  the  wcftern 
part  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New- 
Hampfhire ;  the  narrowed  part  of  which 
is  but  22  feet  wide,  between  two  per- 
pendicular rocks.  It  is  25  miles  front 
the  Upper  Coos.  From  the  height 
above  it  a  brook  defcends,  and  meanders 
through  a  meadow,  formerly  a  beaver 
pond.  It  isfiirrounded  by  rocks,  which, 
on  one  fide,  are  perpendicular,  and  on 
the  others,  rifu  in  an  angle  of  45  degrees, 
a  ftrikingiy  piiiturefque  fcene.  This  de- 
file was  known  to  the  Iridi;^n<!,  who  for- 
merlv  led  tjjeir  captives  through  it  to 
Canada ;  but  it  had  been  forgotten  or 
negledfed,  till  the  year  1771,  when  two 
hunters  pafled  through  it.  There  is  a 
road  this  way  now  to  the  Upper  Coo?, 

Notch,  Cape,  is  the  W.  point  of 
Goodluck  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan.   S.  lat.  53  2:,y  W.  long.  74  ^4. 

Nqttawav,  ii  fmall  river  ot  Vir- 
ginia, 


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j;mia,  which  runs  E.  by  S.  and  recces 
Jlack  Water  on  the  line  of  N.  Carolinn  j 
thence  purfuing;  a  S.  by  W.  couric  of 
about  JO  miles,  it  joins  the  Mclierrin  ; 
the  confluent  ftream  tJicn  alliinies  the 
name  of  Cltowan  river,  and  empties  in- 
to Albemarle  Sound. 

Nottaway,  a  county  of  Virginin, 
bounded  N.andN.  W.  by  Amelia,  from 
which  it  was  taken  in  the  ye^r  1788. 
See  /ImeJia. 

Nottingham,  a  townfliip  in  Rock- 
ingliam  co.  New-Hamplhire,  14  milfs 
JM.  of  Exeter,  and  15  N.  W.  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1711, 
and  contains  1068  inhabitants. 

Nottingham,  M'eJ},  a  townfliip  in 
lUUiborough  CO.  New-Hamplhire,  iitu- 
ated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Merrimack  river ; 
was  incorporated  in  1746,  and  contains 
1064  inhabitants.  It  has  MalFachufetts 
line  for  its  fouthern  boundary,  which 
divides  it  from  Dracut,  and  is  about  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bolton. 

Nottingham,  a  townlhip  in  Chef- 
tcr  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Nottingham,  the  moft  northern 
town  of  Burlington  co.  New-Jerfey,  fit- 
uated  on  die  eaftern  bank  of  Delaware 
river,betweenBordento\vn  and  Trenton. 
Nottingham,  a  town  in  Prince 
George's  co.  Maryland,  fituated  on  Pa- 
tuxent  river,  nearly  16  miles  north-eall- 
crly  of  Pifcataway  and  »o  S.  E.  of  the 
Federal  City. 

No  va-Scoti  A, formerly  called  New- 
Siiotlandt  a  Britifli  province  of  North- 
America  ;  feparated  on  the  N.  E.  from 
Cape  Breton  Ifland,  by  the  Gut  of  Can- 
ib  ;  on  the  N.  it  has  a  part  of  the  Gulf 
of  St.L  (wrencc,  and  the  ftraits  of  North- 
umberland, which  divide  it  from  the 
Ifland  of  St.  John's;  on  the  W.  it  has 
New-Brunfwick  and  the  Bay  of  Fundy ; 
on  the  S.  and  S.  E.  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Its  length  is  about  335  miles  from  Cape 
Sable  on  the  S.  W.  to  Cape  Canfo  on 
the  N.  £.  Its  extreme  breadth  is  88 
miles ;  but  between  the  head  of  Halifax 
harbour  and  the  town  of  Windfor,  at 
the  head  of  die  S.  E.  arm  of  the  Bafin 
of  Minas  it  is  only  about  az  miles  broad. 
It  contains  8,789,000  acres;  of  which 
3  millions  have  been  granted,  and  z 
millions  fettled  and  under  improvement, 
Nova-Scotia  is  accommodated  with  ma- 
ny Ipacious  harbours,  bays,  and  coves 
of  {helter,  equal  to  any  in  the  world. 
The  chief  of  thefe  are  Canfo,  Halifax, 
OH  Cliebuily  Bay,  Chedabuclo,  Frede- 


N  O  V 

rick,  George,  Torbay,  Charlotte,  King's, 
Harrington,  'J'ou'nfe'nd,  St.  Maiy's,  An- 
napolis Koyal,  the  Ualin  of  Minas,  the 
Bay  of  Fundy  j  and  a  vaft  number  of 
cape^,  lakes,  and  rivers,  which  arc  de- 
icribcd  under  their  rcfpitTUve  names. 
The  tnoft  icniarkable  niounuins  are  the 
Highland  of  A  fpotagncn,  and  the  Ardois 
Mountain.  'I'lis  fouthern  thor««  prcfcnt 
to  the  eye  of  a  {Granger  rather  an  un- 
favourable  app»-'arancc,  being  in  general 
br<»ken  and  Uonty  ;  but  the  iimumer- 
able  ifland^  abng  ns  coaft*:,  coves,  and 
harbour.';,  tluniql*  gv.ii..ra!ly  compofed 
of  rocky  fubita.nces,  a|'.peardefignt.d  by 
nature  for  the  drying  of  filh,  bung  cov- 
ercd  with  mateials  tor  Hih  flakes  and 
ibges ;  and  there  is  land  fiilficient  for 
paiturcs  anil  giniens,  to  ftrve  the  pur- 
pofes  of  filhermcii.  As  you  advance 
into  the  back  country,  it  wears  a  more 
promiiing  appearance  (  and  at  Corn- 
wallis,  Windfor,  Horton,  Annapolis, 
Cumberland,  Cobcquid,  FiAou,  and 
along  the  northern  Ihores  of  the  prov- 
ince, there  are  extcniive,  well  improved 
farms.  The  gradual  improvements  in 
hufbandry,  which  has  been  encouraged 
by  the  laudable  efforts  and  fucccisful 
experiments  of  the  agricultural  fociety, 
lately  eftabliflied  here,  afford  fome  good 
ground  to  expeft  that  Nova-Scotia  may 
become  a  flourifliing  colony.  The 
landr.  in  general,  on  the  fca-coaft,  the 
county  of  Lunenburgh  excepted,  and  a 
few  hills  of  good  land,  are  tocky,  and 
interiperfed  with  fwamps  and  barrens. 
The  growth  in  general  is  a  mixture  of 
fpruce,  hemlock,  pine,  fir,  beech,  and 
Ibme  rock-maple,  which  furnifli  an  in- 
exhauftible  fupply  for  fliip-building  and 
other  purpofes. 

The  coaft  abounds  with  fifli  of  vari- 
ous  kinds,  as  cod,  falmon,  mackerel, 
herring,  alewives,  trout,  &c.  and  being 
near  to  the  banks  of  Newfoundland, 
Quero,  and  Sable  banks,  fiftierics,  under 
proper  management  and  regulations, 
might  be  carried  on  with  certainty  of 
fuccefs.  There  are  mines  of  coal  at 
Cumberland,  and  on  the  Eafl  river 
which  falls  into  Pidtou  harbour.  There 
is  plenty  of  bog  and  mountain  ore  in 
Annapolis  townfhip,  on  the  borders  of 
Ni<ftau  river,  and  a  bloomery  is  ereiSed 
there.  Copper  has  been  focnd  at  Cape 
D'Or,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Baiin  of 
Minas.  The  forts  in  this  province  are 
Fort  Edward,  Cumberland,  and  Corn- 
wallia.    Nova-Scotia  is  divided  into  g 

counties, 


O  A  H 

counties,  viz.HantsHalif»x,Kinp['s,An- 
napolifi,  Cumbcrknd,  Sunbury,  Qiiccn's, 
and  Lunenburg.  Thcic  arc  liibdivicicd 
into  above  40  townlhips.  T  be  whole 
population  of  NovuScotia,  Ncw-lirunf- 
wick,  and  the  iflunds  adjoining  is  cfti- 
niuttd  at  alnvvit  5c, ceo.  The  Hniount 
of  imports  from  Great-Britain  to  this 
country,  at  an  ayera^e  of  3  years,  be- 
fore the  new  fettlcnients,  was  about 
jC  26,500.  The  articles  exported  in  ex- 
change are,  timber  and  tlie  produce  of 
the  lifhery,  which  at  a  large  average 
an)ounts  to  ;CjS,ooo.  Nova-Scotia  was 
confirmed  to  Great-Britain  in  1760. 
Halifax  is  the  metropolis.  See  Newj- 
Brutipwick,  Cunadii,  &c. 

NoxAN,  or  Noxa>ifoti,  or  Nox-Toivn, 
a  town  of  New-Caftle  co.  Delaware,  11 
miles  north  of  Dover,  and  9  S.  by  S.  W. 
of  St.  George's  town. 

NuBLAUA,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  with  3  I'mall  ones  north  ot  it 
and  near  to  it,  W.  by  S.  of  Cai>e  Cori- 
cnles,  on  the  coaft  of  Mexico,  and  caft 
of  Roco  Porlida.  N.  lat.  16  40,  W. 
long.  12a  30. 

NucHvuNK,  a  place  in  New-Britain, 
the  rcfort  of  Walrufles,  in  winter ;  with 
the  teeth  of  thefe  animals  the  Indians 
head  their  darts.    Lat.  60  north. 

NuESTRA  Senora  de  la  I'az,  ai>  epif- 
copal  lee  and  town  of  Peru,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica.   S.  lat.  17  10,  W.  long.  64. 

NuESTRA  Semra  de  la  Httoriat  a 
town  of  Mexico.    N.  lat.  18,  W.  long. 

NuEvo  RaxQ,  a  bank  called  by  the 
Britifli  the  New  Bear,  being  about  .n 
leagues  fouth  of  the  weft  eud  of  the  ill- 
ana  of  Jamaica,  in  lat.  1.5  57  north.  It 
has  a  kev,  a  cables  length  long  and  \\ 
broad ;  Itretchinjj  E.  by  N.  and  W.  by 
S.  The  Britilh  hnd  this  a  good  ftation 
in  a  Spanilh  war,  as  moft  ihips  come 
this  way  from  the  Spanifli  Miiin,  go- 
ing to  the  liavannah. 


O  ACHATE  Harbour,  near  the  fouth 
point  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  W. 
of  Otaheite.  S.  lat.  16  55,  weft  long. 
iji  a4- 

Oahaha,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
empties  into  the  Miflilippi  from  the  N. 
W.  in  lat.  39  ro  north,  and  •/  mUts  north 
of  Kiviere  au  Beuf..  ^,  .^w.^«. .  ,*r»,- .  -  ..- 


OBI 

Oa  hooka,  one  of  the  Infimhatn  Tfte»> 
which  is  faid  to  he  the  northcrnmoil  M 
all  this  clulter.  It  lies  about  10  lcag»e<i 
north-eaft  of  Noohccva.  To  this  ifland 
Capt.  Roberts  gave  the  name  oiMajfa- 
chujllts.  Capt.  Ingraham  had  before 
called  it  H'lijhfngton. 

Oaii  i?j|i  A  or  Aitipsha  Bay,  fituated 
near  the  north-call  end  of  the  leifcr  pe- 
ninfulaof  the  ifland  of  Otahcite,has  good 
anchorage  in  1 1  fathoms.  S.  lat.  1 7  46^ 
weft  long.  149  14. 

Oak  Hay,  w  the  Devih  Hrad,  in  the 
Ray  of  Fundy,  is  9  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of 
Moole  Illand.  It  is  very  high  land,  and 
maybe  fccn  :it  10  or  i  j  leagues  diftancc. 

O  a  K  F  u  s  K  E  F. .     Sec  Tollapoofi  Ritrr. 

Oakham,  a  townihip  in  Worceflcr 
CO.  Miiiliichuietts ;  15  miles  north-wt:ft 
of  Worcefter,  and  6z  weft  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1764,  and  con- 
tains  77a  inhabitants.^ 

Oak  I/la/id,  a  long  narrow  ifland  on 
the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina,  which  with 
Srnith's  Illand  forms  the  S.  W.  channel 
of  Cape  Fear  river.  See  Bald  Head,  and 
Caps  Fear. 

Oakmulcef.  River  is  the  fouthetn 
great  branch  of  the  beautiful  Alatama- 
ha,  in  Georgia.  At  the  Oakmulgct 
Fields  it  is  about  300  or  400  yards  wide. 
Thefe  rich  and  fertile  fields  are  on  the 
caft  fide  of  the  river,  above  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Oconte  with  this  river;  thele 
two  branches  are  here  about  40  miic« 
apart.  Here  Jtre  wonderful  remains  of 
the  power  and  grandeur  of  the  ancients 
of  this  part  of  America^  confifting  of 
the  ruins  of  a  capital  town  and  fetde- 
ment,  vaft  artificial  hills,  terraces,  Sec. 
See  Alatamaha  River. 

Oatara,  a  fmall  woody  illand  on 
the  Ibuth-eaft  of  Ulietea  Ifland,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean  ;  between  3  and  4  mile» 
from  which  to  the  north-weft  are  two 
other  fmall  iflands  in  the  fame  dire<flion 
as  the  reef,  of  which  thev  are  a  part. 

Obed's  River,  in  Tenneflec,  run* 
fouth-wcfterly  into  Cumberland  river 
290  miles  from  its  mouth,  by  the  courf  e 
of  the  ftream.  Thus  far  Cumberland 
river  is  navigable  for  large  veflels. 

Obton,  a  navigable  river  of  Tenne^ 
fee,  which  runs  fouth-wefterly  into  th« 
MifJifippi,  34  miles  Ibutherly  of  Reel- 
foot  riversr  It  is  70  yards  broad,  17 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

ObiterEa,  an  ifland  100  leagues  55. 
of  the  Society  Iflands.  S.  lat.  aa  40s 
W.  long.  150  50.    It  contains  no  good 

anchorage. 


i; 


i 


■;A 

'i 

11 

i 

'A 

yjiv 

:  M 

m 

m 

O  C  ft 


6KE 


1 


'       f 


?  i  i 


tnclxornge,  and  the  inhabitants  are  a- 
irerfe  to  the  intrafion  of  ftrangers. 

OccoA,  or  Ocoa.,  a  bay  on  the  fouth 
£de  of  the  irtand  of  St.  Domingo,  into 
tvhich  fail  the  fmall  rivers  Sipicep  y  and 
Ocoa.  It  lies  call  of  Ncybe  or  JiJien- 
ne  bay,  and  is  bounded  f()"th-eaftward 
by  Point  Salinas,  ami  weltvvard  by  the 
caft  point  at  the  mouth  of  Bya  river. 
Spani{h  fliips  of  war  anchor  in  this  bay. 
Point  Salinas  is  ^^  leagues  weft  of  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo. 

OrcoA,  a  bay  near  the  eaft  end  of 
tibe  ifiand  of  Cuba,  in  the  windward 
paflage,  about  ao  miles  eaft  ef  Guanta- 
Oamo  Bay. 

OccocHAPPO,  or  Bear-Creek,  in  the 
Georgia  Weftern  Territory,  empties 
through  the  S.  W.  bank  of  TenncHee 
river,  juft  below  the  mufclc  ilioals. 
There  is  a  portage  of  only  about  50 
iniles  from  this  cieek  to  the  navigable 
tvaters  of  Mobile  river.  The  mouth  of 
this  creek  is  in  ihe  centre  of  a  piece  of 
ground,  the  diameter  of  which  is  5 
jnilcs,  ceded  by  the  fouthern  Indians  to 
the  United  States  for  the  eftaUilhraent 
of  trading  pofts. 

OccoN  K  ACH  EY  //7rf«^/,two  long  nar- 
row iflands  at  the  head  of  Roanoke 
river,  in  Virginia,  juft  below  where  the 
Staunton  and  Dan  unite  and  form  that 
iiver. 

OcoNA  Party  on  the  coaft  of  Pern, 
or  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, is  1 1  leagues 
N.  W.  of  Quilca,  and  a  bold  coaft,  and 
14  leagues  S.  E.  of  Attico. 

Oconee,  the  north  main  branch  of 
Alatamaha  river,  Georgia.  It  is,  in  ma- 
ny places,  250  prds  wide.  Its  banks 
abound  with  oak,  afli,  mulberry,  hicko- 
ry, black-walnut,  elm,  fafiafras,  &c. 

Oconee  Tonun  lies  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  the  river  of  its  name  in  Georgia  ;  a- 
bout  26  miles  tveft-north-weft  of  Golph- 
ington,  and  62  weft  by  north  of  Au- 
gufta. 

OccoQU  A  N  ,a  river  in  Virginia  which, 
after  a  fhort  cou'^e,  empties  into  Patow- 
mac  river,  at  High  Point,  5  miles  be- 
low Colchcftcr. 

OcRECoGK  Ifilct,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina,  leads  into  Pamlico  Sound, 
and  out  of  it  into  Albemarle  Sound, 
through  which  all  vcflcJs  muft  pafs  that 
are  bound  to  Edenton,  Walhington, 
Bath,  or  Newbcrn.  It  lies  in  l:it.  2$  10 
N.  A  bar  of  hard  fand  crofTes  the  inlet, 
on  which  is  14  feet  water  at  low  tide. 
The  land  on  the  north  i?  called  Ocre- 


1  cock,  that  on  tlie  S.  Portfmouth.  Sis! 
miles  within  the  bar,  there  \s  a  hard 
fand  rtioal  which  crofles  die'  channel 
called  the  Swafh*  On  each  fide  of  the 
channel  are  dangerous  fhoa!s,fomctime3 
dry.  Fev^  manners,  however  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  inlet,  choofe  to  go  in 
without  a  pilot ;  as  the  bar  often  ihifts 
during  their  abfence  on  a  royage.  It  is 
bout  7^  leagues  fouth-weft  ^  welT.  of 
Cape  Hattcras. 

Oenemack,  the  fouth  point  of  Brill 
tol  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Ame- 
rica.   N.  lat.  54  io.  W.  long.  160  30. 

Ogerchee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  18 
miles  fouth  of  Savannah  river,  and  whole 
cruvles  are  nearly  parallel  with  each 
othei .  It  empties  into  the  fea  oppolite 
the  north  crrd  of  Offabaw  Ifland,  18 
miles  fouth  of  Savannah.  Louifville, 
Lexington  and  Georgetown  are  on  the 
upper  part  of  this  river. 

Oglethorpe,  a  new  county  on  the 
north  fide  of  Alatamaha  river,  weft  of 
Liberty  co*  Fort  Telfair  is  in  the  S.E. 
corner  of  this  county  on  the  Alatamaha. 

Ohamaneno,  a  fmall  but  good  har- 
bour, on  the  W.  lide  of  Ulietea,  one  of 
the  Society  Illands,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean.  S.  lat.  16  45,  W.long.  151  38. 
The  variation  of  the  compafs  in  1777, 
was  6  19  E. 

Oh  A  MEN  E  Harbour  y  a  fine  bay  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society 
Illands.  It  pafies  in  by  a  channel  be- 
tween the  two  fmall  iflands  Toahoutu, 
and  Whennuaia.  Within  the  reef  it 
forms  a  good  harbour,  from  25  to  16 
fathoms  water,  and  clear  ground. 

Oherurua,  a  large  bay  on  the  S. 
W.  part  of  the  iOand  of  Otaha,  one  of 
the  Society  Iflands,  and  the  next  har- 
bour to  the  northward  from  Apotopoto 
Bay.  There  is  anchoiage  from  ao  to  a^ 
fathoms,  and  has  the  advantage  of  fredi 
water.  The  breach  in  the  reef  which 
opens  a  paflage  into  this  harbour,  is  \  of 
a  mile  broad,  in  lat.  16  38  S.  and  long. 
151  30  W, 

O  H  E  T  E  R  0  a  ,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
ands, which  is  about  la  miles  long  and 
6  broad,  inhabited  by  a  people  of  very 
large  ftature,  who  are  rather  browner 
than  thofe  of  the  neighbouring  iflands. 
It  has  no  good  harbour  nor  anchorage. 
Lat<  aa  l^  S.  long.  15047. 

Ohetun  A,  H  harbour  o;i  the  S.E.  fide 
of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands. 

OHEVAHOA,an  ifland  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  S.  lat.  9  41,  W.  long.  139  a. 

OHlOy 


r,  a  fine  bay  on  the 
ne  of  the  Society 
1  by  a  channel  bc- 
iQands  Toahoutu, 
;i'ithin  the  reef  it 
ur,  from  a5  to  i6 
clear  ground, 
.rge  bay  on  the  S. 
d  of  Otaha,  one  of 
and  the  next  har- 
rd  from  Apotopoto 
iiage  from  a  o  to  a  5 
»  advantage  of  frelli 
in  the  reef  which 
this  harbour,  is  \  of 
16  38  S.  and  long. 


0  M  I 

Ohio,  a  moft  beautiful  river,  fepa- 
fates  the  North  Weftem  Territory 
from  Kentucky  on  the  S.  and  Virginia 
on  the  S.  E.  Its  current  gentle,  waters 
clear,  and  bofom  fmouiii  and  unbroken 
by  rocks  and  rapids,  a  fingle  inftance 
only  excepted.  It  is  one  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide  at  Fort  Pitt ;  500  yards  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhaway  ;  laoo 
vards  at  Louifvillc,  and  at  tlte  Rapids 
fialf  a  mile,  but  its  general  breadth  does 
not  exceed  600  yards.  In  fume  places 
its  width  is  not  400,  and  in  one  place 

ftarticularly,  far  below  the  Rapids,  it  is 
efs  than  300.  Its  breadth,  in  no  one 
place,  exceeds  1200  yards;  and  at  its 
junftion  with  the  Miflifippi,  neither  riv- 
er is  more  than  900  yards  wide.  Its 
length,  as  meafured  according  to  its 
meanders  by  Capt.  Hutchins,  is  as  fol- 
lows : From  Fort  Pitt  to 

Log's  Town 

Big  Beaver  Creek 

Little  Beaver  Creek 

Yellow  Creek 

Two  Creeks 

Long  Reach 

End  Long  Reach 

Muflcingum 

Little  Kanhaway 

liockhocking 

Great  Kanhaway 

Guiandot 

Sandy  Creek 

^>ioto,  or  Scioto 

Little  Miami 


Lickinr^  Creek 
Great  Miami 
Big  Bones 
Kentucky 
Rnpids 
liOW  Country 
BuiFali)  river 
Wabalh 
Big  Cave 
Shawance  river 
Clierokee  river 
Mafliic 
Milfilippi 


i8i 

104 

I3i 
11% 

"* 

53f 
l6| 

a6i 
n* 
16 

43J 

A^ 

la6. 
8* 
a6, 

H 

I55i 
64 
97* 

13 

It 

46 

II88 


In  common  winter  and  fpring  flood?, 
it  affords  30  or  40  feet  water  to  Louif- 
villc ;  35  or  30  feet  to  La  Tarte' s  Rap- 
ids ;  40  above  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Kanhaway  ;  and  a  fufficiency  at  all 
times  for  light  batteaux  and  canoes  to 
Fort  Pitt.  The  Rapids  are  in  lat.  38  8. 
The  inundations  of  this  river  begin 
about  the  iait  of  March,  and  f'i>b(lde  ia 


O  M  f 

J^uly,  although  they  frequently  happW 
in  other  months  j  fo  that  boats  which 
carry  300  barrels  of  flour  from  the  Mo- 
nongahela,  or  Youhiogeny,  above  Pittf- 
burgh,  have  feldom  long  to  wait  for 
water.    During  thefe  floods,  a  firft  rate 
inan-of-war  may  be  carried  from  Louif- 
ville  to  New-Orleans,  if  the  fudden  turns 
of  the  river  and  the  ftrength  of  its  cur- 
rent will  admit  a  fafe  fteerage.    It  is 
the  opinion  of  fomc  well  informed  gen-* 
tlemen,  that  a  veflel  properly  built  for 
the  lea,  to  draw  1  a  feet  water,  when 
loaded,  and  carrying  from  11  to  i6co 
barrels  of  flour,  may  be  more  eafily, 
cheaply  and  fafely  navigated  from  Pitti- 
burg  to  the  fea,  than  thofe  now  in  ule  } 
and  that  this  niatter  only  requires  one 
man  of  capacity  and  enterprize  to  af- 
ccrtain  it.    A  veiTtl  intended  to  be  rig- 
ged as  a  brigantine,  fnow,  or  (hip,  ftioujd 
be  double-decked,  take  her  mafts  oa 
deck,  and  be  rowed  to  the  Ibberville, 
below  which  are  no  iflands,  or  to  New- 
Orleans,  with  30  men,  fo  as  to  afford 
reliefs  of  10  and  10  in  the  night.    Such 
a  veflel,  without  the  ufe  of  oars,  it  is 
fuppofed,  would  float  to  New-Orleans 
from  Pittlburgh  in  20  days.    If  this  be 
fo,  what  agreeable  prolpefts  are  pre- 
fented  to  our  brethren  and  fellow-citi- 
zens in  the  weftern  country  !     The 
Rapids  at  Louifvillc  dcfcend  about  10 
feet  in  the  diftancc  of  a  rai'e  and  a  half. 
The  bed  of  the  rivtr  is  a  folid  rock,  and  • 
is  divided  by  an  ifland  into  two  branch- 
es, the  foutnern  of  which  is  about  200 
yards  wide,  but  impuffable  in  dry  fea- 
lons.    The  bed  of  the  northern  branch 
is  worn  into  channels  by  the  conftant 
courfc  of  the  water,  and  attrition  of  the 
pebblc-floncs  carried  on  with  that,  fo 
as  to  be  pafliible  for  batteaux  through 
the  greater  part  of  the  year.    Yet  it  is 
thought  that  the  f.)uthein  itrm  maybe 
moft  ealily  opened  for  conftant  naviga- 
tion.   The  rile  of  the  waters  in  thefe 
Rapids  does  not  exceed  ic  or  2^  feet. 
There  is  a  fort  fituated  at  tlie  head  of 
the  Falls,     The  ground  on  the  fyuth 
lide  riles  very  gradually.    At  Fort  Put 
the  river  Ohio  lofes  its  name,  branching 
into  the  Monongahcla  and  Alleghany. 
Ohio  Rapids  lie  in  lat.  3c  8  N.  705 
miles  below  Pittfburg  to  the  S.  W.  and 
48a  miles  from  the  confluence  of  the 
Ohio  with  the  Miifilippi.     1  he;*  are  oc- 
calioncd  bv  a  ledge  of  rocks  that  flrrtch 
acrofs  the  bed  of  the  river  (^hio.     The 
iituatiou  oi  the  Kapids  is  truly  delight* 


m 

i     '  1 

}'. 

1 

i 

t 

M 

W 

v 

?l 

% 

i 


1  tl 


l.f 

'■•■« 


^■f.  ^ 


■'fl 


0  L  B 

fill.  The  river  is  full  a  mile  wide,  and 
the  fall  of  the  water,  which  is  a  conftant 
cafcacU,  appears  as  if  Nature  had  de* 
figncd  it,  to  (hew  how  inimitable  and 
Itupendous  are  her  works^  The  town 
of  Louifviile  co.i:mands  a  grand  view 
of  the  Rapids. 

Ohio,  the  north-wefternmoft  county 
of  the  State  of  Virginia,  bounded  ealt  by 
Waihington  co.  in  Pennfylvania,  and 
N.  W.  by  the  liver  Ohio,.which^divides 
it  from  tne  N^  VV.  Territory.  It  con- 
tains 5,212  inhabitants,  including  a8x 
llaves.    Chief  town.  Liberty. 

Ohio  Cowpany's  Purchajb,\n  the  N. 
"W.  Territory,  is  a  tradl  of  excellent 
land  lituated  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  call  of  Col.Symes's  purchafe.  In 
this  trad  there  were  about  2,500  inhab- 
itants in  1792. 

OHiOPb,  a  fmall  northern  tributary 
ftream  of  Alatamaha  river,  in  Ogle- 
thorpe CO.  Georgia. 

Ohiopiomingo,  a  tradl  of  land  fo 
called  in  the  State  of  Kentucky,  fitua- 
ted  in  Nelfon  co.  on  Ohio  riv^r,  and 
fouth-weftward  ol  Salt  river. 

Ohiopyle  Fallsy  in  Youghiogany 
river,  are  about  20  feet  perpendicular 
height,  where  the  river  is  80  yards  wide. 
They  are  30  or  4c  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  this  river,  where  it  mingles  its  waters 
with  the  Monongahela. 

OHiTAHoo,an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
'  Ocean.    S.  lat.  9  sSi  W.  long.  139. 6. 

Oil  Creikyin  Alleghany  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania, iffues  from  a  Ipring,  on  the  top 
of  v-i^^'-h  floats  an  oil,  (imilar  to  that 
callea  iiarbadoes  tar,,  and  empties  into 
Alleghany  river.  It  is  found  in  liich 
quantities,  that  a  man  may  g;uher  iev- 
eral  gallons  in  a  day.  The  troops  fent 
to  guard  the  Weilern  Polls,  halted  at 
this  fpring,  coilcdted  ibmc  of  the  oil, 
and  bathed  their  joints  willi  it.  Tiiis 
gave  them  great  relief  from  the  rheu- 
maii :  complaints,  with  which  they 
were  afflided.  The  waters,  of  which 
the  troops  drank  trec'y,  operated  as  a 
gentle  cathartic. 

OisriNs  Bay,  is  near  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes, 
in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  formed  to  the 
S.  K.  by  Kendal's  Point.  The  bay  is 
well  defended  by  forts.  The  town  of 
Giftins  ftands  on  this  bay. 

Old  Cape  Francois  forms  the  N. 
point  of  Eccf  ibiie  or  Cofbeck  Bay,  on  the 
W.  E.  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
All  the  Frcnchfhips  coming  fromEurope 


or  the  Windward  Iflands,  and  boundto 
the  north  or  weft  part  of  St.  Domingo  I  fl^ 
and,  are  obliged  to  come  in  light  of  the 
Cape  Samana,  (near  27  leagues  foudi- 
cait  by  eaft  of  diis  cape)  or  at  leaft  of 
Old  Cape  Francois,  on  account  of  the 
dangers  of  flioids  to  the  ealt.  It  is 
about  5  leagues  call  of  Cape  dc  la  Roche. 
N.  lat.  19  40  30,  \V.  long,  from  Paris 
72  22. 

Old  Fort  Btiy  is  fituatcd  at  the 
fouth  end  of  the  illand  of  St.  Lucia,  in 
the  Weft-Indies,  having  St.  Mary's 
Illand  and  Bay  to  the  ealt. 

Old  Fort  IJlands,  in  Efqulmaux 
Bay,  on  the  coall  of  Labrador,  in  N. 
America.    N.  lat.  5 124,  W.  long.  5  7  48. 

Old  Harbour i  on  the  fouth  coalt  ot' 
the  illand  of  Jamaica  in  tlie  Weft-In- 
dies, is  to  the  weftw^rd  of  Port  Uoyai. 
There  are  a  number  of  Ihoals  and  ill- 
ands-  in  the  entrance  to  it.  Under  fomc 
of  them  there  is  fafe  riding,  in  fVom  6  to 
S  fathoms. 

Old  Man's  Creeks  in  New-Jerfey, 
empties  into  Delaware  river,  about  4 
miles  below  Penn's  Neck,  and  feparates 
the  counties  of  Salem  and  Gioucefter. 

Old  Men's  7*i?r/  lies  northward  ot 
Lima  river  in  Peru,  8  or  9  miles  N.  of 
Cadavayllo  river. 

Old  Road,  a  town  and  harbour  in 
the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

OtD  Road  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coalt 
of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's,  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  between  Church  Gut  W. 
and  Bloody  Point  E,  There  is  from  5 
to  1 1  fathoms  near  the  fhore,  and  the 
leaft  towards  the  fort. 

Old  Road  Tciv»,  on  this  bay>  lies 
between  Eaft  and  Black  rivers,  and  is 
a  port  of  entry. 

Old  Town,  or  Frank's  Old  Town, 
on  Juniatta  river.    See  Frankjiovjn. 

Old  Town,  in  the  State'  of  New- 
York,  is  fituated  on  Staten-Ifland,  3 
miles  S.  W,- of  Newtown,  and  la  foutli- 
welterly  of  New-York  city. 

Old  Town,  a  linall  poft-town  of 
Maryland,  lituated  in  Alleghany  co.  in 
lat.  39  30,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Patowmac 
river,  and  W.  lide  of  Saw  Mill  Run  ;  l^ 
miles  S.  E.  of  Cumberland,  14a  W.  by 
N.  of  Baltimore,  and  213  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Old  Town,  in  N.  Carolina,  near 
Brunfwick. 

Old  Town,  a  fmall  town  of  Geor- 
gia, lying  on  the  Ogeechee  river,  85 
miles  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Savannah. 

Olsout, 


3,  and  boundto 
St.  Domingo  Ifl^ 
e  in  light  of  the 
'  leagues  foutli- 
e)  oi-  at  Icaft  of 
1  account  of  the 
the  eall.  It  is 
lapedc  la  Roche, 
ong.  from  Paris 

s  fituatcd  at  the 
I  of  St.  Lucia,  in 
(ring  St.  Mary's 
ealt. 

,  in  Efquimaux 
Labrador,  in  N . 
I,  W.  long.  5  7  48., 
he  fouth  coalt  ot' 
in  tlie  Weft-In- 
.rd  of  Port  Royal, 
af  (hoals  and  ill- 
)  it.  Under  fomc 
iding,  in  fVom  6  to 

:,  in  New-Jerfey, 
re  river,  about  4 
[eck,  and  feparates 
1  and  Gloucefter. 
lies  northward  ot 
8  or  9  miles  N.  of 

n  and  harbour  in 
in  the  W.  Indies. 
in  the  S.  W.  coall 
iriilopher's,  in  the 
Church  Gut  W. 
There  is  from  s 
he  ftiorc,  and  the 

on  this  bay,  lies 
lack  rivers,  and  is 


rank's 


:e 


Old  Town, 

Frank /imv  ft. 
le  State'  of  New- 

Staten-Ifland,  ,^ 
iwn,  and  i»  fouth- 

city. 
all  poft-town  of 

Alleghany  co.  in 
lankof  Patowmac 
^aw  Mill  Run  ;  ia 
jiland,  14Z  W.  by 

13  from  Philadel- 

Carolina,  near 

111  town  of  Geor- 
[geechee  river,  85 
V  Savannah. 
Olbout, 


O  M  £ 

Oleoot,  a  fmall  creek  which  emp- 
ties into  the  eaft  branch  of  Sufquehan- 
nah,  5  miles  N.  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Una- 
dilla  river. 

Olinda,  the  chief  town  of  thecaptain- 
(hip  of  Pemambuco,  in  Brazil,  S.  Ameri- 
ca. It  is  fometimes  called  Pernambucor 
and  has  a  good  harbour  fitualed  north  of 
Cape  St.  Auguftine,  and  fouth  of  Para- 
ibo.  It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  1630, 
but  was  retaken  by  the  Portuguefe.  S. 
lat.  8  13,  W.  long.  35  5. 

Olleros,  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Pe- 
ru, is  6  leagues  S.E.  of  Quemada  Morro, 
or  Headland,  and  as  far  N .  N.  W.  of  Porto 
Cavallo.  It  is  little  frequented  on  ac- 
count of  want  of  trade,  although  it  is  a 
■good  harbour  in  cafe  of  fqualis  from  the 
mountains,  or  of  ftrong  currents  fetting 
down  from  the  fea. 

Omaguas,  a  tribe  of  Indians  inhab- 
iting thie  banks  of  the  river  Amazon, 
and  converted  to  Chriftianity  in  the 
year  1686,  by  father  Fritz,  a  Spanilh 
fliiffionary.  They  flat  the  hind  and  fore 
part  of  the  heads  of  their  children,  which 
gives  them  a  monftrous  appearance. 
They  make  a  jeft  of  other  nations,  call- 
ing them  calabaih  heads. 

Omar  A,  a  river  on  the  co^  of  Bra- 
zil, whofe  mouth  is  in  lat.  5  o  S.  and 
long.  360  W.     See  Cape  Rocque. 

Omasuos,  a  jurifdidion  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  La  Paz,  in  Peru.  It  begins  al- 
moft  at  the  gates  of  the  city  of  La  Paz, 
and  extends  ao  leagues,  bein^  bounded 
on  the  weft  by  the  famous  k^e  of  Titi 
Caca.  The  air  of  this  jurildiiStion  is 
fomewhat  cold,  fo  that  it  produces  little 
grain  ;  but  has  numerous  flocks  of  cat- 
de  fed  in  its  paftures  ;  there  is  befides, 
a  very  advantageous  trade  carried  on  in 
another  jurifdidtion  by  the  Indians  liv- 
ing on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  who  are 
remarkably  induftrious  in  improving 
that  advantage. 

Omee,  a  corrupt  name  for  The  Mia- 
m  cfthe  Lake  ;  which  fee.  The  Mia- 
mi towns  on  its  banks  are  called  the 
Omee  towns,  or  Au-Mi,  by  the  French 
Americans,  as  a  contradtion  of  Au  Mi- 
ami. 

Omee-Town,  one  of  the  Miami 
towns,  fituatcd  on  a  pleafant  point  tbrm- 
■ed  by  the  junftion  of  the  rivers  Miami 
and  St.  Jollph.  This  town  ftood  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  hitter,  oppofite  the 
mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  and  was  de- 
ftroycd  in  Gen.  Harraar's  expedition, 
m  1790*  ■'  «•<"''«'"  ^o  '(■'*''?  -•■•  -  ;v  •■<• 


ONE 

Omoah,  a  fmall  fortified  town  in  flie 
Spanifli  Main,  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  on  the  S.  fide,  and  is  with- 
in a  gulf  to  the  eaftward  of  Dolce  Gulf, 
into  which  the  river  of  its  name  comes 
in  from  the  fouthward.  It  has  a  good 
harbour,  which  is  open  to  the  N.w.  in 
which  Ihips  of  any  burden  may  ride  in 
perfeft  fatety.  The  Britilh  admiral, 
Parker,  in  conjunftion  with  the  people 
of  Honduras,  reduced  the  ftiong  fort, 
^Yhich  is  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of  the 
river,  in  1 7  79.  The  fpoil  was  immenfe, 
being  valued  at  3  millions  of  dollars. 
The  Spaniards  in  vain  offered  300,000 
dollars  as  a  ranfom  for  ajo  quintals  of 
quickfilver  ;  a  commodity  indifpenfably 
neceffary  in  working  their  gold  and 
filver  mines. 

Ompompakoosuck,  a  fliort,  furious 
river  of  Vermont,  which  empties  into 
the  Connedicut  at  Norwich,  oppofite 
to  Dartmouth  College.  Its  courfe  is 
S.E.  its  breadth  not  more  than  40  or 
50  yards. 

On  DA.    See  Viticenl  de  ia  Pazes. 

Onatiayo,  or  Oneatoyo,  an  ifland 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  S.  lat.  9  58, 
W.  long.  138  51. 

Onebho'w,  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Iflands,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  called 
alfo  Neeheeheonv,  about  5  or  6  leagues 
to  the  weftward  of  Atooi.  There  is 
anchorage  all  along  the  coaft  of  the 
ifland.  It  produces  plenty  of  yams, 
and  a  fweet  root  called  tea.  N.  lat.  ai 
50,  W.  long.  160  15- 

Oneida,  one  of  the  Six  Nation's  of 
Indians,  containing  628  fouls,  whr  in- 
habit tl-.e  country  S.  of  Oneida  Lake, 
called  the  Oneida  Rcfervation.  Their 
principal  village,  Kahnonwolohale,  ie 
about  ao  miles  S.  W.  of  Whiteftown. 
Thefe  Indians,  for  a  number  of  years 
paft,  have  been  under  the  paftoral  care 
of  the  Reverend  Mr.  Kirkland,  who 
with  the  Reverend  Mr.  Sarjeant,  have 
been  chiefly  fupported  in  their  million, 
by  the  Ibciety  t flablifiicd  in  Scotland 
for  promoting  Chriftian  knowledge. 
This  nation  receive  an  annuity  from  the 
State  of  New-York  of  355a  aoUars,  for 
lands  purchafed  of  them  in  1795,  and 
an  annuity  of  about  628  dollars  from 
the  United  States.  With  thefe  annui- 
ties, (which  opcraf  as  a  difcouragcmert 
to  induftry)  together  with  the  corn, 
beans  and  potatoes  laifed  by  thefquaws, 
and  tiie  fifli  and  game,  caught  by  the  men, 
affoid  them  %  barely  tolerable  fubfift- 

ence. 


L  f  f 


i  1 


;    11 


m 


ONI 

ence.  They  are  a  proud  nation,  and 
afFeft  to  defpife  their  neighbours,  the 
Stockbridge  and  Brotherton  Indians, 
for  their  attention  to  agriculture ;  but 
they  already  begin  to  feel  their  depend- 
ence on  them,  and  arc  under  a  necef- 
fity  of  purchafing  provilions  of  the-n. 
The  nation  is  divided  into  three  tribes, 
or  clans,  by  the  names  of  the  fTo/fy 
the  Beatj  and  the  Turtle.  They  have 
their  name  from  their  Pagan  Deity, 
which  Ibme  few  of  the  nation  ftill  wor- 
fhip,  and  which  is  nothing  more  than  a 
niimapen,  rude,  cylindrical  Jlonty  of 
about  lao  pounds  weight,  in  their  lan- 
guage called  Oneida,  which  (ignifics  the 
Upright  Stone.  Formerly  this  ftone 
was  placed  in  the  crotch  of  a  tree,  and 
then  the  nation  fuppofed  themfl'lves 
invincible.  Thefe  Indians  are  all  of 
mixed  blood  ;  there  has  not  been  a 
pure  Oneida  for  feverai  years  paft. 

ONEroA  Z-fl/f*  is  about  lo  miles  W. 
of  Old  Fort  Stanwix,  now  called  Rome, 
State  of  New- York,  and  is  between  ao 
and  30  miles  long,  and  narrow.  It  is 
conneded  with  Lake  Ontario  on  the 
W.  by  Ofwego  river,  and  with  Fort 
Stanwix  by  Wood  Creek. 

One  MACK  Point  is  the  fouth-weft 
point  of  the  continent  of  N.  America, 
on  the  N.  W.  coaft,  and  the  fouth  limit 
of  Briltol  Bay.  It  is  8a  leagues  S.  S.  W. 
of  Cape  Newenham,  or  the  north  point 
of  that  extenlive  bay ;  and  in  lat.  54 
30  north,  and  long.  163  30  weft. 

O-N'iMAMOu,  a  harbour  on  tlie  S. 
E.  coaft  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society 
1  Hands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is 
north-eaft  of  Ohetuna  Harbour,  on  tlie 
lame  coaft. 

Onion,  Cape^  on  the  fouth-weft  fide 
of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  is  about  four 
leagues  weft  of  Quirpon  Ifland,  or  the 
rorthcrn  point  of  tfiat  extenfive  ifland. 

Onion  Rivera  in  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont, formerly  called  French  River^ 
and  by  the  Indians  Winoojkit  rifes  in 
Cabot,  about  14  miles  to  the  weft  of 
Conncdicut  river,  and  is  navigable  for 
fmall  veflTels  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  in 
Lake  Champlain,  between  the  towns  of 
Burlington  and  Colchefter;  and  for 
boats  between  its  feverai  falls.  It  is  one 
of  the  fineft  ftreams  in  Vermont,  and 
runs  through  a  moft  fertile  country,  the 
produce  ot  which  for  feverai  miles  on 
each  fide  of  the  river,  is  brought  down 
to  the  lake  at  Burlington.  It  is  from 
ao  to  39  rods  wide,  40  miles  from  its 


o  N  a 

mouth,  and  its  defcent  in  thnt  diftance 
is  171  feet,  which  is  about  4  feet  to  the 
mile.  Between  Burlington  and  ColcheA 
ter  this  river  has  worn  through  a  folid 
rock  of  lime-ftone,  which  in  Tome  time 
of  remote  antiquity  muft  have  formed 
at  this  place  a  prodigious  catara<fV. 
The  chalm  is  between  70  and  80  feet 
in  depth  at  low  water,  and  in  one  place 
70  feet  from  rock  to  rock,  where  a 
wooden  hx'idgt  is  thrown  acrofs.  At 
Bolton  there  is  a  chafm  of  the  fame 
kind,  but  fomewhat  wider,  and  the  rock 
is  at  leaft  130  feet  in  height.  From  one 
fide  feverai  rocks  have  fallen  acrofs  tiic 
river,  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to  form  a 
natural  bridge  at  low  water,  but  in  a  fit- 
uation  to  be  an  objedl  of  curiofity  only. 
It  was  along  this  river  that  the  Indians 
formerly  travelled  from  Canada,  when 
they  made  their  attacks  on  the  frontier 
fettlements  on  Conneilicut  river. 

OvoNDAGO  Cafile,  on  the  Onondago 
Rcfcrvation  Lands  in  the  State  of  New- 
Yo'-k,  is  %K  miles  fouth-weft  of  Oneida 
Cr.ftle. 

Onondago,  or  Salt  Lake,  in  the 
State  of  New-York,  is  about  j  n)iles  long 
and  a  mile  broad,  and  fends  its  waters  to 
Seneca  river.  The  waters  of  the  Salt 
fprings  here  arc  capable  of  producing 
immenfe  quantities  of  fait.  One  per- 
fon  near  the  lake  boiled  down  at  the 
rate  of  jo  bufliels  a  week,  in  the  ye^r 
1792,  which  he  fold  for  five  fhiJIiiigs  a 
bufliel ;  but  any  quantity  may  be  made, 
and  at  a  lefs  price.  Thefe  fprings  are  in 
the  State  refen'ation,  and  are  a  greatben- 
efit  to  the  country,  every  part  of  which 
is  fo  united  by  lakes  and  rivers  as  to 
render  the  fupply  of  this  bulky  and  ne- 
ceflary  article  very  ealy. 

Onondago,  a  river  of  New- York, 
which  rifes  in  tlie  Oneida  Lake,  and  runs 
weftwardly  into  Lake  Ontario  at  Ofwe- 
go. It  is  boatable  from  its  mouth  to  the 
head  of  the  lake,  74  miles,  except  a 
fall  which  occalions  a  portage  of  ao 
yards,  thence  batteaux  go  up  Wood- 
Creek  almoft  to  Fort  Stanwix,  40  miles, 
whence  there  is  a  portage  of  a  mile  to 
Mohawk  river.  Toward  the  head  of 
this  river,  falmon  are  caught  in  great 
numbers. 

Onondago,  a  county  of  New-York 
State,  confifting  of  railiury  lands  divid- 
ed into  II  townfhips,,  viz.  Homer,  Pom- 
pey,  Manlius,  Lylander,  Marcellus,  U- 
lyfles,  Milton,  Scipio,  Aureliu8,Ovid,  and 
Romulus.    Some  of  thefe  comprehend 

other 


out 


O  P  P 


other  towns,  as  will  be  noticed  undir 
their  refpe<ftive  names.  The  county  is 
bounded  wefterly  by  Ontario  co.  and 
noitherly  by  Lake  Ontario,  the  Onon- 
dago  river,  and  Oneida  Lake.  The 
county  courts  arc  held  in  the  village  of 
Aurora,  in  the  townflup  of  Scipio. 
This  county  is  admirably  utuated  for  in- 
land navigation,  being  intcrfe(5led  by  the 
two  navigable  rivers  Seneca  and  Ofwe- 
co,  having  befides  5  lakes  and  a  i;".m- 
bcr  of  creeks.  For  an  account  of  the 
icTcrved  lands,  fee  Military  Tcnmjhipi. 
There  were  1.^2.?  of  the  inhabitants 
qualified  to  be  elcdors  in  1796,  as  ap- 
pears by  tlie  State  ccnfus. 

Onondaoo,  formerly  the  chief  town 
of  the  Six  Nations,  fituated  in  a  very 
pIcaHmt  and  fruitful  country,  and  con- 
lifted  of  five  fmall  towns  or  villages, 
about  30  miles  S.  VV.  of  Whiteftown. 

ON0N0AG0ts,a  tribeof  Indians  vv ho 
live  near  Onondago  Lake.  About  ^o 
years  lince  they  could  fumiflii  160  war- 
riors. In  1779  a  regiment  of  men  was 
fent  from  Albany,  by  Gen.  L  Clintofi, 
who  furprized  the  town  of  this  tribe, 
took  zi  prifoners,  killed  12  or  14,  and 
returned  without  the  lofs  of  a  man.  A 
part  of  the  Indians  were  then  ravaging 
tlie  American  fiontiers.  This  nation, 
which  now  confifts  of  450  fouls,  receives 
annually  from  the  State  cf  New- York, 
3,000  dollars  ;  and  from  the  United 
States  about  450  dollars. 

Onglow,  am:iritimc  county  of  Wil- 
mington diftridt,  N.  Carolina,  W.  of 
Cape  Lookout.  It  contains  5,387  in- 
habitants, including  1748  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Svvanlborough. 

Onslow,  a  townfliip  of  Nova -Scotia, 
Halifax  co.  at  the  head  of  the  Bafin  of 
Minas,  35  miles  N.  E.  of  Windfor,  and 
4^  N.  by  W.  of  Halifax.  It  was  fettled 
by  emigrants  from  New-England. 

Ontario,  oneof  that  grand  chain  of 
lakes  which  divide  the  United  States 
from  Upper  Canada.  It  is  iituated  be- 
tween lat.  43  15  and  44  N.  and  long. 
76  30  and  80  W.  Its  form  is  nt-arly 
elliptical  ;  its  greatcft  length  is  from  S. 
\V.  to  N.  E.  and  its  circumference  about 
600  miles.  The  divifion  line  between 
the  State  of  New- York  and  Canada,  on 
the  N.  paflcs  through  this  lake,  and  leaves 
v.-itiiin  the  United  Stcites  2,390,000 
acres  of  the  water  4if  Lake  Ontario,  ac- 
c.nding  to  the  calculation  of  Mr.  Hutch- 
ins.  It  abounds  .with  fid'  of  an  excel- 
lent liiiv;jur,  among  \/hich  arc  the  Of-' 


wego  bafs,  weighing  3  or  4  lbs.  Its 
baiiks  in  many  places  are  ftecp,  and  the 
fouthern  (hore  is  coveted  principally 
with  beech  uecs,  and  the  lands  appear 
good.  It  communicates  with  Lake  Erie 
by  the  river  Niagara.  It  receives  the 
waters  ol  Geneflee  river  from  the  S. 
and  of  Or.ondiigo,  at  Fort  Ofwego,  from 
the  S.  E.  by  which  it  communicates 
through  Oneida  Lake,  and  Wood  Creek, 
with  Uie  Mohawk  river.  On  the  N.  E. 
this  lake  difcharccs  itfclf  into  tlie  river 
Cataraqui,  (which  at  Montreal  takes  the 
name  of  St.  Lawrence)  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  is  aflerted  that  thefe  lakes 
fill  once  in  7  years ;  but  the  faft  is 
doubted.  The  idands  are  all  at  the 
eaftcrn  end,  the  chief  cf  which  are  Wol^ 
Aniherft,  Gage,  and  Howe  lllands. 

Ontario,  a  large,  fertile  county  of 
New- York,  coniprthcnding  the  Genet- 
fee  country,  and  bounded  N.  by  the 
lake  cf  its  name.  It  h  well  watered  by 
GenefTee  river,  its  tributaries,  and  a 
number  of  fmall  lakes.  Here  are  8 
townfljips,  vi^.  Geneflee,  Frwine,  Jeru- 
ialem,  William&urg,  Toulon,  Seneca, 
Bloomlicld,  and  Canadaqua,  or  Kanan- 
daigua,  which  laft  is  the  chief  town,  fitu- 
ated at  the  N.W.  corner  cf  Canandarqua 
Like,  ij  miles  W.  of  Geneva,  and  30 
N.  E.  of  Williumlburg.  This_  county 
was  taken  fioni  Montgomery  in  1789, 
and  in  1790  contained  1,075  inhabit- 
ants, including  ir  flaves.  Such  has 
been  the  emigration  to  this  county, 
that  there  were,  in  1796,  1258  of  the 
inhabitants  who  were  qualillcJ  to  be 
ele>itors. 

Onzan,  a  cape  or  point  on  tlie  north 
coaft  of  Brazil,  oppoiite  to  cape  St. 
Lawrence,  forming  together  the  points 
ofLaguariha  river;  the  latter  cape  be- 
ing on  the  weft  fide  of  the  river.  The 
river  is  10  leagues  S.  E.  by  E.  of  Bohia 
Basa. 

OoNALASHKA,  oHC  of  the  Iflands  of 
the  northern  Archipelago,  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  America,  the  natives  of 
which  have  the  appearance  of  being  a 
very  peaceable  people,  being  much  pol-  . 
ifhed  by  the  RufTians,  who  alfo  keep 
thcra  in  fubjc(ition.  There  is  a  chan- 
nel between  this  and  die  Lind  to  the 
north,  about  a  mile  broad,  in  which  are 
foundings  from  40  to  27  fathoms.  N. 
lat.  5.1  SS^  W.  long.  166  31. 

O H E  c  K  o  N  Cn-ckt  in  Virgjinia,  a  foutJf -^ 
weft  water  of  Patowm;ic  iiver. 

Opp8,  a  village  in  Northampton  c  ■i^ 
Ft^nnfylvaniac 


i     ;'■ 


{ r 


m:^ 


^      i 


O  H  A 

.yennfytvania,  6  miles  fouth-«i(l  of  Beth- 
lehem, and  about  J  north  by  callof  Q^ii- 
ker's  Town. 

Or,  Otpe  d\  in  Nova-Scotia,  is  fitu- 
atcd  oa  the  north  fide  of"  the  Balin  of 
Minas.  Some  fmiill  pieces  of  copper 
iavc  been  found  here. 

OKxCabeca  U(ty,  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies, has  a  ftrong  fort  on  the  eaft  fide, 
and  Salt  Gut  wefterly ;  at  both  thefe 
I^laccs  is  good  anchorage  for  large  vef- 
,lcls. 

Oranai,  or  Ranai,  one  of  the  Sand- 
Avicli  Iflands  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  9 
miles  from  Mowec  and  Mcjrotoi.  The 
Ibutli  point  is  in  lat.  20  46  north,  and 
iong.  156  5z  well. 

Orang*s  AVy,  one  of  die  Bahama  ifl- 
ands, in  the  W.  Indies.  N.  lat.  44  28, 
weft  long.  79  37. 

Orange,  a  bay  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  the  illand  of  Jamaica,  E.  N.  E. 
of  tlie  high  mountain,  a  little  within 
land,  under  which  is  Crawford's-Town. 
Alfo  a  bay  at  the  norih-weft  end  of  the 
lame  ifland,  between  Green-Ifland  N. 
and  North  Negril  harbour  S.  or  S.  W. 

Orange,  a  cape,  the  eaft  point  of 
Oyapok  river,  fouth-eaft  of  Cayenne 
Ifland.    N.  Int.  4  20,  weft  long.  50  50. 

Orange  Key,  or  Cay,  a  fmali  ifland 
in  Orange  bay,  at  the  nortli-weil  end 
of  the  illand  of  Jamaica. 

O  R  a  N  G  E ,  a  county  of  Vermont,  which 
in  1790,  contained  10,529  inhabitants. 
Since  that  time  fevcral  other  counties 
have  been  ercfted  out  of  it.  It  is  bound- 
ed well  by  part  of  Addifon  and  Chit- 
tenden  counties,  and  eaft  fay  Conneifti- 
cut  rivtr.  It  now  contains  20  townfliips. 
The  county -town,  Newbury,  and  the 
townfliips  louth  of  it,  viz.  Bradford, 
Fairlee  and  Thetford  front  Connecticut 
river.  It  is  high  land,  and  fends  nu- 
merous Ihcams  in  oppofite  directions, 
both  to  Connecticut  river  and  to  Lake 
Champlain. 

Orange,  a  townfliip  on  the  north 
line  of  the  above  county,  in  the  north- 
caft  corner  of  which  is  Knox's  Moun- 
tain, 

Orangf,  formerly  Cardigan,  a  town- 
(hip  in  Grafton  co.  New-Hampfliire, 
which  gives  rife  to  an  eaft  branch  of 
Mafcomy  river.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1769  ;  contains  131  inhabitants;  and 
is  ao  miles  eaft  of  Dartmouth  College. 

Orange,  a  townlhip  of  MafTacnu- 
fctts>  iituAte J  QA  tlie  eaft  liae  of  Hamp' 


O  R  A 

fhire  co.  on  Miller's  river,  94  miles  N. 
W.  by  W.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo. 
rated  in  1783,  and  contains  784  inhab- 
itants. 

Orange,  a  mountainous  and  hilly 
county  of  New-York,  wliich  contains 
all  that  part  of  tlie  State  bounded  ibuth- 
erly  by  the  State  of  New-Jcrfey,  well- 
erly  by  the  State  of  Pennl^'lvania,  eaft- 
erly  by  the  middle  of  Hudfon's  river, 
ana  northerly  by  an  eaft  and  weft  line 
from  the  miadle  of  Murderer's  Creek. 
It  is  divided  into  8  townlhips,  of  which 
Goflicn  is  the  chief,  and  contains  18,492 
inhabitants,  of  whom  2,098  are  eled- 
ors,  and  n66  flavcs.  In  this  county 
are  raifcd  lar^e  quantities  of  excellent 
buttt T,  which  IS  collected  at  Newbnrgh 
and  New-Windfor,  and  thence  tranf- 
portod  to  New- York.  On  the  N.  fide 
of  the  mountains  in  this  county,  is  a 
very  valuable  tradt  called  the  Drcnvnej 
Lands,  containing  about  40  or  50,000 
acres.  The  waters  which  defcend  from 
the  furrounding  hills,  being  but  flowly 
difcharged  by  the  river  ifluing  from  it, 
cover  thefe  vaft  meadows  every  winter, 
and  render  them  extremely  fertile  ;  but 
they  expofe  the  inhabitants  of  the  vi- 
cinity to  intermittents.  Wallkill  river, 
whicn  palTes  through  this  tradt  and 
empties  into  Hudfon's  river,  is,  in  the 
fpring,  ftored  with  very  large  eels  in 
great  plenty.  The  bottom  of  this  river 
18  a  broken  rock ;  and  it  is  luppofed 
that  for  >Ca,ooo  the  channel  might  be 
deepened  fo  as  to  drain  off"  the  waters, 
and  thereby  redeem  from  tne  floods  a 
large  tradt  of  rich  land,  for  grafs,  hemp 
and  Indian  corn. 

Orange,  called  alfo  Oransfdale,z 
town  in  Efl'ex  co.  New-Jerley,  contain- 
ing  about  80  houfes,  a  Prelbyterian 
church,  and  a  flourifliing  academy,  and 
lies  nortli-weft  of  Ne^vark,  adjoining. 

Orange,  a  CO.  of  Hill/borough  dif- 
tridt,  North-Carolina;  bounded  north 
by  Cafwell  co.  and  fouth  by  Chatham. 
The  rivers  Haw  and  Enoe  m  this  coun. 
ty  have  rich  lands  on  their  borders.  It 
contains  12,216  inhabitants,  of  v/hom 
2, 060  are  flavcs.  Chief  town,  !:flUbo. 
rough. 

Orange,  a  county  of  S.  Carolina, 
in  Orangeburg  diftridt. 

Orange,  acounty  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed north  by  Culpepper,  and  fouth  by 
Albemarle.  It  contains  9,921  inhabit- 
ants, including  4,421  flaves.  The  court- 
boufe  is  Htuuted  ao  miles  &om  Culpep- 
per 


O  R  A 

j^er  court-houfe,  30  from  Charlottcville, 
and  273  from  Piiiladcl^hia. 

ORANOhHURG,  a  diftfid  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, bounded  i'ouih-weft  by  Savannah 
river}  cull  by  the  river  Santee,  and 
north-ealt  by  the  Concarce,  which  di- 
Tide  it  from  Camden  dillrid  ;  fouth  by 
Beaufort,  and  fouth-caft  by  Charlellon 
dillrid.  It  contains  18,513  inhabit- 
ants; ofwhom  5,931  are  Haves.  Sends 
to  the  State  Icgillature  10  reprcfenta- 
tives  and  3  fcnators  ;  and,  with  the  dif- 
tridt  of  Beaufort,  one  member  to  Con- 
grefs.  It  is  divided  into  4  counties, 
viz.  Lewifburg,  Orange,  Lexington  and 
Winton. 

Orangeburg,  a  poft-town  of  S. 
Carohna,  and  capital  of  the  above  dif- 
triitjis  on  the  E.  Iidc  of  the  nortli  branch 
of  Edifto  river.  It  has  a  couit-houfe, 
g;iol,  and  about  50  houfes  ;  diftant  77 
miltTs  N.  N.  W.  of  Charlcftou,  36  loutli- 
«rly  of  Columbia,  and  721  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Orang  ETOWN,  or  Gractilaiuly  a  plan- 
tation in  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  N.  W. 
of  Waterford.  One  branch  of  Songo 
river  rifes  in  the  nortliern  part  of  tliis 
plantation,  within  about  3  miles  of  A- 
marilcoggin  river,  where  there  is  a 
pond,  %  miles  long,  called  Songo  Pond, 
from  thence  the  ttream  runsfouthward* 
It  is  very  difficult  to  effeft  roads  through 
this  mountainous  country  ;  fome  of  the 
mountains  affording  precipices  aoo  feet 
pL'ipendicular.  Tlie  (ides  of  the  moun- 
tains and  vallies  are  fertile,  produce  good 
crops,  and  in  fomc  inflanccs  afford  wild 
onions  which  refemble  thofe  that  are 
cultivated.  Winter  rye,  which  is  the 
chief  produce,  has  amounted  to  ao  bufh- 
els  an  acre.  The  country  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood formerly  abounded  with  va- 
riety of  game,  viz.  moofe,  deer,  bears, 
beaver,  raccoon,  fable.  Sec.  but  fince 
it  has  been  inhabited,  game  has  become 
fcarce ;  deer  are  extirpated  from  the 
vicinity;  fome  moofe  remain  among 
the  mountains,  and  a  few  beaver,  that 
are  too  fagacious  to  l)e  taken  by  the 
nioft  crafty  hunter.  Since  the  deer 
have  been  deftroycd,  tlie  wolves  have 
wholly  left  this  part  of  the  country. 

Orangetown,  in  Orange  co.  New- 
York,  is  lituated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
Tappan  Sea,oppofite  Philipfburgh,  and 
about  ^^  miles  north  of  New- York  city. 
The  townfhip  is  bounded  eafterly  by 
Hudfon's  river,  and  foutherly  by  the 
Swte  of  New-Jerfcy.    It  conuius  117; 


O  R  Ir 

inhabitants  5  of  whom  iCt  are  elcflottf 
and  203  flavcs. 

Orangetown,  in  y/a(hIngton  co,^ 
Maine,  is  19  miles  diftant  liuni  Ma- 
chias. 

Orchjlla,  one  of  the  Leeward  Ifl« 
ands  in  the  Welt-Indics,  fituated  near 
tlie  coall  of  Terra  Firms,  S.  America  ; 
between  the  iflands  of  Tortuga  and  Ko- 
ca,  15  or  16  leagues  norlh-wert:  of  the 
former,  and  6  or  7  E-  and  E.  by  N.  ut" 
the  latter.  It  is  about  8  leagues  long. 
On  the  S.  and  S.  W.  (idc,  the  ftrajid  is 
ftcep  and  bold,  fo  that  a  fliip  may  lay 
her  broad-lide  clofe  to  the  fliore  ;  but 
the  north  fide  is  foul  and  rocky.  Here 
is  no  good  water,  nor  indeed  any  thing 
elfe  but  fhelter  from  nortlierly  winds, 
and  goat's  flefh.  It  is  divided  mto  lev- 
eral  ImaH  iflands,  fcparatcd  from  each 
other  by  fhallow  canals.  N.  lat.  n  jz, 
W.  long.  65  15. 

Ordadc)  Rock,  near  the  coall:  of  Peru, 
is  4  miles  fouth  by  eaft  of  Port  Callao. 
Near  it  are  fome  fmaller  ones,  and., 
round  them  from  9  to  16  fathoms  water* 

OREAHOu,or  O'reehou,  a  fmall  ele- 
vated ifland,  clofc  to  the  north  fide  of 
Onecheow,  one  of  the  Sanr^^ich  Ifl- 
ands ;  with  which  it  is  connedted  by  a 
reef  of  coral  rocks.  It  contains  about 
4,000  inhabitants.  N.  lat.  22  2,  W. 
long.  160  8. 

Or  EG  AN  River.  See  River  of  the 
Wejh 

Orford,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hampfhire,  fituated  on  the  eaf^ 
bank  of  Conneftlcut  river,  about  11 
miles  north  of  Hanover,  and  oppofite 
to  Fairlee  in  Vermont,  395  miles  N.  N. 
E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1761,  and  contains  540  inhab- 
itants. The  foap-rock,  wliich  has 
the  property  of  fuller's  earth  in  cleanf- 
ing  cloth,  13  found  here ;  alfo  allum 
ore,  free-llOne  fit  for  building,  and 
a  grey  ilone,  in  great  demand  for  mill- 
ftones,  reckoned  equal  in  quality  to  th© 
imported  burr-ftones. 

Orford,  C^^i-jthe  north-weffernmofl 
point  of  the  large  ifland  to  the  weftwardf 
of  Falkland's  Sound  in  the  Falkland's 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
fouth-eaft  of  Cape  Pcrcival. 

Orinoko.    See  Oronoko  River. 

Orlbans,  the  middle  of  the  three 
northern  counties  of  Vermont.  A  part 
of  Lake  Memphremagog  projedts  intO' 
the  northern  part  of  it  from  Canada. 
It  contaias  »3  townfhi^^s.    It  is  very 

hifi^h 


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illllllllll  II  ! 


6  R  o 

high  land,  and  fends  its  waters  in  almoft 
every  dirc<Jlion  of  the  tonipuff .  Clyde, 
Barton  and  Black  ri\crs  empty  into 
Lake  Memphrcmagoq  ;  the  vatcrs  of 
many  branches  of  Mifiifcoui,  La  MoeDc, 
and  Onion  riveis,  riling  here,  fall  into 
Lake  Chainplain  ;  tliofe  of  MulhejMn 
and  Pafuniplitk  tnii-ty  into  Conncdicut 
river. 

Orleans,  a  townfliip  in  the  co.  of 
Barnltable,  M;ifl;ieliufeifs,  taken  from 
the  foutherly  pait  of  liailham,  and  in- 
corporated 1797. 

Orleans,  Jjlc  of,  is  fituatcd  in  the 
fiver  8t.  Lawrence,  a  fmall  diftance 
below  Qii,cbec,  and  is  remarkable  for 
the  richnefs  of  its  foil.  It  lies  in  the 
middle  of  the  river,  the  channel  is  upon 
the  S.  fide  of  the  ifland,  the  N.  fide  not 
having  depth  of  water  at  full  tide,  even 
for  fhallops.  The  S.  W.  end  of  the 
ifland  is  called  Point  Orleans.  The 
coaft  is  rocky  for  a  mile  and  a  half 
vithin  the  S.  channel,  where  there  is  a 
cp.reening  place  for  merchant  fhips. 
Round  Point  Levi,  and  along  the  S.  E. 
fide  of  the  river,  the  fliore  is  rocky,  but 
the  middle  of  the  bafon  is  entirely  free. 
;  Orleans,  Ne-w.    See  Nenu-Or leans. 

Orleans,  0/d Fcrt,  is  fituated  on 
the  W.  bank  of  a  bend  of  Miffouri  riv- 
er, in  Louifiana,  a  confiderable  dillance 
from  its  mouth. 

Orodada  Pena,  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  is  a  leagues  due  north  of  Lobos 
de  Payta,  and  a  fouth  by  well:  of  Payta. 

Oromcoto,  a  river  of  New-Brunf- 
wick,  vhich  empties  into  St.  John's 
river.  By  this  paffage  the  Indians 
have  a  communication  with  Paiiiima- 
quoddy  Bay. 

Orondocks,  an  Indian  tribe  who 
live  near  Trois  Rivieres,  and  could 
furniih  loo  warriors  about  40  years  ago. 

Oronoko,  or  Ororioque,  one  of  the 
largeft  rivers  of  S.  America,  and  is  re- 
markable for  its  rifing  and  falling  once 
a  year  only  ;  for  it  gradually  rifes  dur- 
ing the  fpacs  of  5  months,  and  then 
remains  one  month  ftationary,  after 
which  it  falls  f6r  c  months,  and  in  that 
ftate  continues  for  one  month  alio. 
Thei'e  alternate  changes  are  regular, 
and  even  invariable.  Pcrliaps  the  rifing 
of  tlie  waters  of  the  river,  may  depend 
on  the  rains  which  conftantly  tall  in  the 
mountains  of  the  Andes,  (where  tlie 
river  has  its  fource)  every  year  about 
the  month  of  April  ;  and  tnough  the 
lu;iB|»5  of  the  flood  depends  much  upoa 


O  R  0 

the  breadth  or  extent  of  the  bed  of  the 
river,  ytt  in  one  part  where  it  is  nai-' 
roweff,  it  rifes  to  the  aftoni  filing  height 
cf  120  feet.  The  mouth  of  the  river  is 
S.  by  L.  of  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  in  lat.  8 
30  N.  and  Ion.  59  50  W.  and  oppofite  to 
the  lllandof  Trmidad.  It  is  l;uge  and 
ftavigiibic,  and  has  many  good  townn 
on  its  banks  that  are  chiefly  inhabited 
by  the  Spanifh,  and  is  joined  alio  on  the 
E.  fide  by  the  Lake  Cafipa.  There 
are  two  other  iflands  at  its  mouth,  the 
entrance  to  which  i?  idfo  fomewhat  dan- 
gerous, as  tlicrc  is  frequently  a  dreadful 
corflidt  between  the  tide  of  the  ocean 
and  the  current  of  the  river, that  mult, 
ibr  the  reafons  affigned,  fometimes  run 
very  lapidly.  It  is  faid  the  river,  in- 
cluding its  windings,  takes  a  courf'c  of 
1380  miles,  and  prelerves  the  frelhnefs 
of  its  watf-ii.  t'vjclvc  leagues  from  the 
mouth  of  that  vail  and  deep  channel, 
within  which  it  was  confined.  It 
niay  be  confidered,  however,  as  hav- 
ing many  mouths,  which  are  form- 
ed by  the  iflands  that  lie  before  its 
opening  towards  the  ocean  ;  yet  there 
are  only  two  that  are  confidered  as  of 
any  ufe  for  the  purpofes  of  navigation. 
Thei'e  are  the  channels  of  Sabarima  and 
Corobana,  otherwife  called  Caribbiana. 
The  latter  lies  in  a  S.  by  W.  dire€lion, 
and  is  alfo  divided  into  two  diftine*! 
channels  that  afterwards  meet  again  at 
the  ifland  of  Trinidad  in  the  mouth  of 
the  Grand  river.  But  pilots  pretend  to 
liiy,  that  the  mouth  of  this  great  river 
begins  from  the  river  Amugora,  reach- 
ing from  thence  to  the  river  Sabarima, 
and  from  thence  about  to  the  river  Ca- 
ribbiana ;  and  fome  accounts  ttate  its 
mouths  to  be  40  in  number,  as  if  it  were 
a  coUe^ion  of  many  riveis, all  uniting  | 
at  the  mouth  of  the  great  river,  jind  ai- 
filling  to  convey  the  main  llreani  of  that  I 
river  into  the  ocean.  The  weft  paffage 
or  channel  of  the  river  Oronoka,  culld 
by  the  Spaniards  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  lies 
between  Cape  Salinas  on  the  main  and 
the  north-weft  point  of  the  ifland  d 
Trinidad.  It  contains  leveral  iflands, 
which  divide  the  ftream  of  the  river  in- 1 
to  feveral  branches,  pajticularly  ihc 
Great  Boco,  or  mouth,  which  is  the  I 
eafternmnft,  being  a'H)ut  gun-lhot  wide,  | 
but  having  no  foundings,  with  3C0  fath- 
oms, and  the  Little  Boco,  or  Mouth,  I 
which  is  the  wefternmoft,  being  almolt 
as  wide  as  the  other,  and  having  ground 
at  from  io  to  60  fathoms.   At  New  Cape  | 

Araya, 


ithebcdof  t^€ 
where  it  is  nai* 
tonifliing  height 
ith  ot  the  1  iver  is 
i"  raiia,  in  lat.  8 
^  and  oppofite  to 
,     It  is  lai  gc  and 
lany  S""^  towns 
chielly  inhabittd 
joined'alio  on  the 
Calipa.     There 
at  its  mouth,  tho 
Ifo  ibmcwhat  dan- 
^uently  h  di  eadtul 
tide  of  the  ocean 
e  rivet,  that  niuU, 
ed,  Ibmctimcs  run 
faid  the  river,  in- 
1,  takes  H  courie  of 
erves  the  ftelhncls 
•  leagues  from  the 
and  deep  channel, 
vas    confined.     It 
however,  as  hav- 
which  are    fonri- 
that  lie  before   its 
e  ocean  ;  yet  there 
re  Gonlidercd  as  of 
pofes  of  navigation, 
lels  ot  Sabarima  and 
e  called  Caribbiana. 
S.  by  W.  direjftion, 
1  into  two  diftinfi 
vards  meet  again  at 
dad  in  the  mouth  ol 
But  pilots  pretend  to 
1  of  this  great  river 
er  Amugora,  reach* 
)  the  I  iver  Sabarima, 
)Out  to  the  river  Ca- 
le  accounts  ftate  its  j 
number,  as  if  it  were 
ny  rivers,  all  uniting 
:  great  river,  tind  al- 
le  main  fli  earn  of  tlw. 
n.    The  wefl  paffage 
iver  Oronoka,  calkJ 
heGulf  ofParia,  lifs 
nas  on  the  main  and 
oint  of  the  ifland  t! 
itains  feveral  iflancLs| 
ftream  of  the  river  in- 
les,    patticularly  '1": 
nouth,  which  is  the 
ratniutgun-lhot  widt, 

idings,  with  5C0  fath- 
tie  lioco,  or  Mouth, 
ernmoft,  being  almolt 
:r,  and  having  ground 
thorns.  At  New  Cape 
Araya, 


0  s  ir 

Araya,  on  the  northward  fide  of  the 
aiouth  of  this  river,  are  I'alt  pits,  which 

Jield  the  fineft  fait  in  the  world.    In 
bme  maps,  the  head-waters  are  called 
loirchia. 
OftONOKO,  Uttk,    See  Mocopioco, 
Oropesa,  a  town  in  the  jurifdiAion 
of  La  Piau,  8.  America;  iituated  60 
miles  N.  W.  of  that  city,  in  the  valley 
of  Cochabamba,  on  a  fmall  rivulet  which 
empties  into  the  river  Guapay.    It  has 
a  considerable  trade  in  corn  and  fruits. 
Oropesa,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in 
Peru,  feated  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains, 750  miles  from  Lima,  and  150  N. 
£.  of  Potofi.    8.  lat.  18  W.  long.  63 

30. 

Orphan's  Bankt  a  6fl)ing  bank  of 
the  S.  E.  point  of  Chaleur's  Bay,  on 
die  N.  E.  coaft  of  New-Brunfwick,  in 
N.  America.  On  it  is  firom  75  to  30 
fadioms  water. 

Orphan's  IJlanJ,  a  fettlement  be- 
longing to  Hancock  co.  DiftriA  of 
Maine,  having  134  inhabitants.^ 

Orrington,  a  plantation  in  Han- 
cock CO.  Diftri^  of  Maine,  having  477 
inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  eafl:  fide  of 
Penobfcot  river,  16  miles  above  Buckf- 
town,  and  25  6  N.  N.  £.  of  Bofton. 

Orua,  Oruboy  or  Aruhay  the  mofl 
wefterly  of  the  Cahbbee  Iflands  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  called  by  the  Spaniards 
Las  Iflas  de  Sottovento.  It  is  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Spanilh  Main.  N.  lat.  Z2 
3,  W.  long.  69  3. 

Oruro,  a  jurifdi6tion  in  the  arch- 
bifhopric  of  La  Plata.  Its  capital  is 
San  Phelipe  de  Auftria  de  Oruro,  30 
leagues  from  the  city  of  La  Plata. 

Urwel,  a  townftiip  of  Vermont,  the 
north-wefternmoft  in  Rutland  co.  and 
iituated  on  the  eail  fide  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  contains  778  inhabitants. 
Mount  Independence  ftands  in  this 
townftiip  oppofite  Ticonderoga,  in  the 
State  of^  New- York.  Near  Mount  In- 
dependence is  a  chalybeate  fpring. 

OsAGES,  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit fouth  of  the  Miflburi,  and  can  fur- 
nifh  400  warriors. 

OsAGES,  a  river  of  Louidana,  which 
runs  eaftward  to  the  Miflburi. 

OsNABURG,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  having  the  appearance 
of  the  roof  of  a  houle.  It  is  about  4 
leagues  in  circuit ;  is  high  land ;  full  of 
cocoa-trees ;  has  no  anchoring  place, 
and  fcarcely  affords  landing  for  a  boat. 
It  wa)  difcovered  by  Capt.  WalUs,  and 

Mm 


OSS 

Is  called  Maitea  by  the  natives.    S«  \iltt, 
17  i»,  W.  long.  148  6. 

OsN  ABU  RO,another  ifland  in  the  imA 
fea,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Carteret.  S* 
lat.  as,  W.  long.  141  34. 

OsNABURO  Hw/cy  a  fettlement  of  tht 
Hudfon's  BayCompany,in  N.Americaf 
fituated  at  the  N.  £.  corner  of  Lake  St. 
Jofeph,  lio  miles  W.  by  S.  of  GloucelC. 
ter  Houfe.    N.  lat.  5 1,  W.  long.  90  15. 

OsoRNO,  an  inland  town  of  tlie  king- 
dom of  Chili,  fituated  on  the  N.  baiik 
of  the  river  Buena;  4Z  miles  E.  of  the 
fea-coaft,  and  45  S.  E.  of  Baldivia.  ThU 
adjacent  country  is  far  from  being  fruit- 
ful, but  very  ricn  in  gold  mines,  which 
renders  the  place  very  populous.  S.  lat. 
40  30,  W.  long.  71  50. 

OssABAw  Sound  and  IJland,  on  th» 
coaft  of  the  State  of  Georgia.  The 
found  opens  between  Waflaw  Ifland 
on  the  N.  and  Oflabaw  Iflan3  on  theS* 
and  leads  into  the  river  Ogieechee. 

OssiPBE,  or  Ofapyf  a  townfhip, 
mountain,  and  pond,  m  New-Hamp« 
ftiire,  in  Strafibrd  co.  near  the  E.  Knei 
of  the  State.  The  town  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1785,  and  has  339  inhabitants. 
The  lake  lies  N.  E.  of  Winipifeogee 
Lake,  between  which  and  Oflipee  Lake 
is  OJlpee  Mountain,  defaibed  in  the 
account  of  New-Hampfhire.  Its  waters 
run  E.  and,  joined  by  South  river,  form 
Gnat  Ojjipee  River,  which  empties  into 
Saco  river,  near  the  diviHon  line  be- 
tween York  and  Cumberland  counties, 
in  Maine,  between  Limerick  and  Oor- 
ham. 

OssNOBiAN,  or  AJTencboyne  Indians ^ 
a  tribe  found  about  the  fource  of  Ofl- 
nobian  or  Afleneboyne  river,  far  W.  of 
Lake  Superior.  Tney  ate  faid  by  the 
Moravian  miffionaries  to  live  wholly  on 
animal  food,  or  at  leaft  to  confine  thera- 
felves  to  the  fpontaneous  produftiona 
of  nature ;  giving  thofe  who  dig  the 
ground,  the  appelhition  oijlaves.  Bread 
13  unknown  to  theiii.  A  traveller,  who 
lived  fome  months  in  their  country,  of- 
fered to  fome  a  few  remnants  of  bread, 
which  they  chewed  and  fpit  out  again, 
calling  it  rotten  wood.  Thefe  Indians, 
as  well  as  thofe  numerous  nations  who 
inhabit  the  country  from  Lake  Superior, 
towards  the  Shining  Mountains,  are 
great  admirers  of  the  beft  hunting- 
horfes,  in  which  the  country  abounds. 
The  horfes  prepared  by  them  for  hunt- 
ers, have  large  holes  cut  above  their  natu- 
ral noftrils,  which  they  fay  makes  thenx 

l9Dger 


. .  ,;t 


' :  H! 


OTA 


or  A 


/onger  winded  than  others  not  thus 
prepared.  The  OHhobians  have  no 
permanent  place  of  abode,  but  live 
wholly  in  tents,  made  of  bufFaloe  and 
other  hides,  with  which  they  travel 
irom  one  place  to  anpthsr,  like  the 
Arabs ;  and  as  foon  as  tlie  food  ibr  their 
horfcs  i?  expended,  they  remove,  and 
pitch  their  tents  in  another  fertile  fpot; 
and  fo  on  continuaJly,  fcarcely  ever  re- 
turning  to  the  fame  Ipots  again. 

OsTico,  a  fniall  lake  in  OnondagO 
CO.  New-York,  partly  in  tiie  S.  E.  cor- 
ner of  Marcellus,  and  N.  W.  corner  _of 
the  townihip  of  Tully.'  It  fends  its 
waters  from  tlie  N.  end,  which  is  eight 
miles  S.  wefterly  of  Onondago  Caltle, 
by  a  ftream  i6  miles  long,  to  Salt  Lake.. 

OsTiNEs,  or  CharkJiovjUf  a  confid- 
r'l-able  town  in  the  ifland  of  Burbadoes. 

OswtGATCHiE  River  and  JU  key  in 
Herkcmer  co.  New-York.  The  river 
empties  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  or 
Cataraqui.  Ofivegatchie  Lake  is  about 
19  miles  long,  from  S»  W.  to  N.E.  and 
7  broad,  and  fends  its  waters  north-ealt- 
ward  into  the  river  of  its  name.  It  is 
about  10  miles  S.  E.  of  The  Thoufand 
Lakes,  near  the  entrance  into  Lake 
Ontario.  There  is  a  fort  of  the  lame 
came  (ituated  on  the  Cataraqui  river, 
58  miles  N.  £.  of  Kingilon,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

OswEGATCHiES,  an  Indian  tribe  re- 
flding  at  Swagatchey,  on  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  Canada.  They  could 
furniflv  about  100  warriors,  30  years 
fince. 

Oswego,  a  navigable  river  of  New- 
York,  which  conveys  the  waters  of 
Oneida  and  a  number  of  fmail  lakes, 
into  Lake  Ontario^  It  is  more  com- 
monly called  0«o«d<rra  ;  which  fee. 

OswEOO,  afortrefs  (vtuiited  on  the 
E.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  the  above  river, 
and  fouth-eaftern  fide  of  Lake  Ontario, 
in  lat.  43  18  N.  and  long.  7A  30  W. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Britifh  from  the 
French  in  1756,  and  confirmed  to  thera 
by  tlie  peace  of  1 763.  It  was  delivered 
up  to  the  United  States  July  14,  1796. 
It  is  about  150  or  160  miles  £.  by  N. 
of  Niagara.  , 

Otabalo,  aju^iftli(flion  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Quito,  joined  on  tlie  fouth  to 
that  of  San  MigUel  de  Ibarra.  The 
lands  are  laid  out  in,  plantations,  and 

f  reduce  great  quantities  of  fiigar.    The 
ndians  in  the  villages,  as  aifo  thofc 
who  are  independent,  manufaifture  great 


variety  of  cottons,  viz.  carpets,  paviN 
ions  for  beds,  quilts  in  damafk  work* 
wholly  of  cotton,  either  white,  blue,  or 
variegiited  with  different  colours  ;  all 
which  are  highly  valued,  both  in  tha 
province  of  Qi^ito  aitd  Peni,  where 
they  are  difpofcd  of  10  great  advantage. 
The  wheat  and  barley  here,  is  lowed 
hke  Indian  corn,  in  Ihtle  hoks,  a  foot 
diftant  from  leach  other,  putting  y  or  6 
corns  into  each ;  and  they  generally 
reap  above  an  hundred  fold.  The  coun-. 
try  is  remarkably  fertile,  and  large  quan- 
titiesof  cheefe  are  made. 

Otabalo,  the  principal  village  of 
the  above  jurifdiiftion,  is  large  and  pop* 
ulous,  and  faid  to  contain  18,000  or 
ao,0oo  fouh.  Among  them,  is  a  con- 
fidcrable  number  of  Spaniards. 

Ota  HA,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  whofe  north 
end  is  in  lat.  16  ^Z  fouth, and  long.  i$t 
20  weft.  It  has  a  good  harbours.  See 
Okamene  and  Ohertirua. 

O  T  A  H  E I T  ti ,,  the  Sagiiaria  of  Quiros, 
who  firil  difcovered  it  in  1606,  one  of 
the  Society  Iflandsy  in  the  South  Sea. 
It  was  firft  vilited  by  Capt.  Wallis  in 
1767,  and  afterwards  by  Capt.  Cook 
and  other  circumnavigators-  k  confifts 
of  »  peninlUlas,  which  are  conneifled  by 
a  low  neck  of  land>  about  *  miles  over  > 
the  circumference  of  both  peninfulas 
is  fomewhat  more  than  90  miles.  The 
whole  ifiiind  is  furrounded  by  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks,  within  which  the  fhore 
forms  feveral  excellent  bays  and  har- 
bours, where, there  is  room  and  depth 
of  water  for  any  ,nimiber  of  thie  largeft 
fhips.  The  face  of  the  country,  ex- 
cept tliat  part  erf  it  whicli-  borders  upon 
the  fca,  is  very  uneven  v  it  rii'es  in  ridg- 
es  that  run  up  into  tlie  middle  of  die  ifl- 
and, and  there  form  mouiitains,  that 
may  be  fecn  at  the  diftance  of  60  miles. 
Between  thefe  ridges  and  tlie  fea  is  a 
border  of  low  land,  extending  along  all 
the  coaft,  except  in  a  few  places,  where 
the;  ridges  rife  diredly  from  the  fea. 
This  border  is  of  different  breadths,  but 
no  where  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half. 
There  are  feverab  rivers  much  larger 
than  could  be  expefled  from  the  extent 
of  the  illand ;  among  the  rocks  through 
which  thefe  precipitate  their  waters 
from  the  mountains,  not  the  leafl  ap- 
pearance of  minerals  is  to  be  found. 
The  flones  (hew  evident  tokens  of  hav- 
ing been  burnt.  Traces  of  fire  are  alfo 
manifeft  in  Uie  very  clay  upon  the  hills. 


•-'#■•'* 


carpets,  pfimt- 

damaik  work^ 
white,  blue^  o» 
It  colours  i  all 
d,  both  in  th« 
I  Peru,  where 
|rreat  advantage, 
here,  is  lowed 
tie  hcrfes,  a  foot 
V  putting  5  Of  6 

they  generally 
Fold.  The  coun- 
,  and  large  quan- 
e, 

icipal  village  of 
is  large  andTpop- 
ntain  18,000  or 

them. is  a  con- 
laniards. 

J  Society  Iflands 
an,  whofe  north 
ith,aodlong.  ist 
id  harbours.   See 

«i. 

gitaria  of  Qwros, 

,tin  1606,  one  of 
in  the  South  Sea* 
f  Capt.  Wallis  in 
3  by  Capt.  Cook 
gators.  Kconlifta 
li  are  connedled  by 
bout  *  miles  over  » 
both  peninfulagi 
m  90  miles.   The 
inded  by  a  reef  ot 
which  the  ft»ore 
nt  bays  and  har- 
s  room  and  depth 
ilier  of  the  largeft 
the  country,  ex- 
hich  borders  upon 
in  V  it  riies  in  ridg- 
e  middle  of  tlieifl- 
n  mouJi tains,  that 
ftance  of  60  miles, 
i  and  the  fea  is  a 
xtending  along  all 
_  few  places,  where 
St\y  from  the  fea. 
erent  breadths,  but 
a  mile  and  a  half, 
ivers  much  larger 
ed  from  the  extent 
the  rocks  through 
)itate  their  waters 
,  not  the  leaft  ap- 
is is  to  be  found, 
dent  tokens  of  hav- 
aces  of  fire  are  all* 
clay  upon  the  hiUs. 
It 


It  roty  therefore  not  unreafonably  "he 
fappofcd,  that  this  and  the  nciglibour- 
ing  iilands  are  either  Ihattered  remains 
Ota  continent,  which  Were  left  behind 
when  the  reil  was  funk  by  the  explo- 
lion  of  a  fubtcrraneouu  fire,  or  have  been 
torn  from  rocks  under  the  bed  of  the 
iea,  by  the  fame  caufe,  and  thrown  up 
in  heaps  to  an  height  wliich  the  wattrs 
never  reach.  The  foil,  except  upon 
the  very  tops  of  the  ridges,  n  extreme- 
ly rich  and  fertile,  watered  by  a  great 
number  of  rivulets  of  excellent  water, 
and  covered  with  fruit  trees  of  various 
kinds,  fome  of  which  are  of  a  ftately 
growth  and  thick  foliage,  fo  as  to  form 
one  continued  wood  ;  even  the  tops  ,of 
the  ridges,  though  in  general  bare  and 
burnt  up  by  the  liin,  are  in  fome  parts 
not  without  their  produce.  The  low 
lands  between  the  foot  of  the  ridges 
and  the  fea,  and  Ibme  of  the  interjacent 
vallies,  are  the  only  parts  of  the  ifl- 
and  tliat  are  inhabited.  Here  indeed  it 
is  populous.  The  houfes  do  not  form 
villages  or  towns,  but  are  ranged  along 
the  whole  border,  at  tlie  diilance  of 
about  50  yards  from  each  other.  When 
the  ifland  was  firft  difcovered,  hogs, 
dogs  and  poultry  were  the  only  tame 
animals  j  ducks,  pigeons,  paroquets, 
with  a  few  otlier  birds  and  rats,  the  only 
wild  animals.  The  breed  of  hogs  has  been 

freatly  improvoi  by  fome  of  a  larger 
ind,  that  were  left  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1774.  Goats  were  firll  introduced  by 
tiipt.  Cook  in  1773  ;  to  thefe  the  Span- 
iards have  added  tome,  and  they  are 
now  in  fuch  plenty,  that  every  chief  of 
any  note  has  them.  Cats  were  left  by 
Capt.  Cook,  and  European  dogs  of  fev- 
eral  forts  by  the  Spaniards.  In  1777, 
the  ftock  ot  new  animals  received  the 
important  addition  of  a  turkey  cock  and 
hen ;  a  peacock  and  hen ;  a  gander  and 
3  geefe  ;  a  drake  and  4  ducks ;  a  hode 
and  mare  ;  a  bull  and  three  cows.  A 
bull  and  a  ram  had  been  alfo  left  by  the 
Spaniards.  Bcifls  of  prey,  or  noxious 
leptiles,  there  are  none.  I'he  vegeta- 
ble produiflions  are  bread-fruit,  cocoa- 
nuts,  bannanas  of  13  Ibrts,  ami  all  ex- 
cellent ;  plantains ;  a  fruit  refembling 
an  apple ;  fweet  potatoes,  yams,  and 
cocoas.  The  people  exceed  the  mid- 
dle fize  of  Europeans  in  ftature.  In 
their  difpofitions,  they  are  brave,  open, 
and  generous,  without  eitlier  fufpicion 
or  treachery.  Except  a  few  traces  of 
Daturjl  cunning,  and  ibme  Uiitts  of  dii- 


OT  A- 

•,  ••«  ■    ■    ■  .-  "^-r,. 

fimulauon,  enually  artlcfs  and  inoffen. ' 
five,  they  poflttis  the  moft  perfeft  fim« 
plicity  of  charader.    I'heir  aftions  are 
guided  by  the  immediate  impulfe  of  the 
reigning  paflion.     Their  paflions  arc 
the  genuine  eff  ufions  of  the  heart,  which 
they  have  never  been  taught  to  difguife 
or  reprefb,  and  are  therefore  depiftured 
by  the  Itronjrefl  exprelTions  of  counte- 
nance  and  gefture.    Their  feelings  arc 
lively,  but  in  no  cafe  permanent :  tliey 
are  affeded  by  all  the  changes  of  the 
pairing  hour,  and  reflect  the  colour  of 
the  time,  however  frequently  it  may 
vary.    Their  vivacity  is  never  diflurb- 
ed  by  anxiety  or  care,  infomuch,  that 
when  brought  to  the  brink  of  the  grave 
by  difealb,  or  when  preparing  to  go  to 
battle,  their  faces  are  unclouded   by 
melancholy  or  ferious  reflexion.  Their 
language  is  foft  and  melodious ;  it  a- 
bounds  with  vowels,  and  is  eafily  pro- 
nounced.   It  is  rich  in  beautiful  and 
figurative    cxprefliions,  and  admits  of 
that  inverted  arrangement   of  words^ 
wliich   diflingui flies  the  ancient  from 
moll  modern  languages.    It  is  fo  copi- 
ous,  that  for  the  bread-fruit  alone  they 
have  above  twenty  names.  Add  to  this, 
that  befides  die  common  dialed,  they 
often  expoftulate  in  a  kind  of  ilanza  or 
recitative,  which  is  anfwered  in  the 
fame  manner.     The  a  peninfulas  for- 
merly made  but  one  kingdom.    They 
are  now  divided  into  two,  under  the 
names  of  Opureanou  or  Otaheitenooe, 
and  Tirabou  ;  althoujjh  Otoo,  the  fove- 
reign  of  the  former,  ftill  poflefles  a  norn- 
inal  luperiority  over  the  latter,  and  is 
ftyled  king  or  the  whole  ifland.    To 
him  alfo  the  ifland  of  Eimeo  is  fubjed. 
Thefe  kingdoms  are  fubdivided   into 
diftrifts,  each  with  its  refpeftive  chief. 
The  number  of  inhabitants,  in  1774  was 
eftimated  by  Capt.  Cook  at  204,000. 
Wars  are  frequent  between  the  two 
kingdoms,  and  perhaps  between  fepa^ 
rate  diftrids  of  each.    The  inhabitants ' 
of  Eimeo  are  often  excited  by  fome 
powerful  chief  to  afTett  their  independ- 
ence.    The  power  and  flrength  of  this- 
and  the  neighbouring  iflands  he  entirely 
in  their  navies ;  an'd  all  their  decifive 
battles  are  fought  on  the  water.    Ota- 
heite  alone  is  luppofed  able  to  fend  out 
1720  war  canoes,  and  68,000  able  men. 
The  chief  of  each  diftrid  fuperintends 
the  equipping  of  the  fleet  in  that  dif- 
tria  ;  but  they  mull  all  pafs  in  review 
bcfure  the  king,  io  that  he  knows  the'- 
^  ftate 


^ 


ir 


r^'l  .       ii 


(  '    111 


OT  S 

ftite  of  the  whole  before  they  aflemble 
to  go  on  fervice.  Otalieite  lies  in  about 
x8  degrees  of'S.  ku  and  i  jc  dcg.  of  W. 
long. 

Otakootai,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  ^i  leagues  from  Wateeoo, 
and  about  3  miles  in  circuit.  S.  lat.  19 
ij,  W.  long.  I <8  13. 

Otchier,  a  bay  on  the  north  coalt 
of  S.  America,  to  the  weftward  of  tlie 
river  or  creek  called  Urano,  and  eaft  of 
Cape  Caldero. 

Oteavanooa,  a  larce  and  fpacious 
harbour  and  bay  on  the  louth-wefl  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  fiolabola,  one  of  the  So< 
ciety  Iflands.    S.  lat.  16  30*  W.  long. 

151  43* 

OiispiBLn, a  plantation  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  Diftri6t  of  Maine,  eaft  of 
Bridgetown  in  York  co.  and  15  a  miles 
!N.  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  A  ftrcani  from 
Songo  Pond  pafTes  through  the  wederly 
part  of  this  town,  on  its  way  to  Sebago. 
It  is  very  free  of  ragged  hills  and  moun- 
tains. The  grcatdt  part  of  it  affords  a 
crowth  of  beech,  maple,  adi,  bafs,  and 
birch,  and  is  good  land.  It  contains 
197  inhabitants. 

Otog  AMIES,  an  Indian  nation  in  the 
K.  W.  Territory,  who  inhabit  between 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  MilEiippi 
river.    Warriors  100. 

Otoqu  e,  an  ifland  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  or  W.  coaft  of  New-Mexico, 
fituated  in  the  Bay  of  Panama,  1 7  leagues 
8.  of  the  city  of  that  name,  from  whence 
it  is  fupplied  with  provifions.  I«f.  lat. 
7  50,  W.  long.  81  10. 

Otsego,  a  county  of  New-York, 
on  the  S.  fide  of  M«ihawk  river,  oppo- 
fite  the  German  Flats.  The  head 
waters  of  Sufqudiarinah,  and  the  Cook- 
c]uago  branch  0'  Delaware,  inttrfedl 
this  county.  Here  are  alfo  the  lakes 
Otfego,  and  Caniaderago,  which  fend 
their  waters,  in  an  united  llream,  to  the 
Sufquehannah.  It  contains  0  townihips, 
viz.  Kortright,  Harpersfiela,  Franknn, 
Cherry  Valley,  Dorlach,  Richfield,  Ot- 
fego, Burlington,  and  Unadilla.  It  con- 
tained, a  few  years  ago,  about  1000 
inhat»iants ;  but  fuch  has  been  the 
rapid  fettlement  of  this  county,  that  in 
JTanuary,  i  j'96,  it  contained  3237  inhab- 
itants, qualified  to  be  ele^ors.  Jn  1 791, 
when  this  county  was  but  thinly  fettled, 
as  many  as  300  chefts  of  maple  fugar, 
Avere  manufactured  here*  4oolbs.  each. 
The  courts  are  held  at  CooperftowD, 
sa  the  tuwnihip  oi  Otfego. 


OTT 

Orsiooii  townfliip  and  Ulcc,  in  tho 
county  above  defcribed.  The  townOiip 
was  taken  from  Unadilla,  and  incorpo. 
rated  in  1 796.  On  the  £.  the  townihip 
endofci  Lake  Otfego,  which  fcparatea 
it  from  Cherry  Vaiiey.  Lake  Otlego 
is  about  nine  miles  long,  and  little  more 
than  a  mile  wide.  The  lands  on  its 
banks  are  very  good,  and  the  cultivation 
of  it  cafy.  In  1790,  it  contained  170} 
'inhabitants,  inclucung  8  Haves.  By  the 
State  ccnfus  of  1796,  tliere  were  490  of 
its  inhabitants  electors. 

Otta  WAS,  an  Indian  nation  in  the N, 
W.  Territory^  who  inhabit  the  E.  jlidc 
of  Lake  Michigan,  ai  miles  from  Micli- 
iliniackinack.  Their  hunting  jgrounds 
lie  between  Lakes  Michigan  anoHuron. 
They  could  furoifli  aoo  warriors  ao 
years  ago.  A  tiibe  of  thefe  alio  lived 
near  St.  Jofeph's,  and  had  150  warriors. 
Another  tribe  lived  with  theCliippewas, 
on  Saguinam  Bay*  who  together  could 
raife  aoo  warrior  s.  Two  of  thefe  tribes 
lately  hoftile,  lianed  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  the  United  States,  at  Greenville, 
Augufl:  3d,  1795.  In  confequence  of 
lands  ceded  by  them  to  the  United 
States,  government  has  agreed  to  pay 
them  in  goods,  looo  domrs  a  year, 
forever. 

Ottawas,  a  large  river  of  Canada, 
which  empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  the  L>ake  of  the  Two  Mountains,  9 
miles  from  Montreal.  The  conupuni* 
cation  of  the  city  of  Montreal  with  the. 
high  lands,  by  tliis  river,  if  not  imprac- 
ticable, is  at  leail  very  expenfive  and  pre- 
carious, by  reafon  of  its  rapids  and  falls. 

Otter  Bay^  on  the  foutn  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Newfoundland,  is  between 
Bear  Bay  and  Swift  Bay,  and  near  Cape 
Kaye,  the  fouth-weft  point  of  the  ifland. 

Ott£r  Creei,  called  by  the  French 
Riviere  a  Lotrisy  a  river  of  Vermont, 
which  rifes  in  Bromley,  and  purfuing  a 
northern  direAion  about  9c  miles,  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Champlain  at  Ferrifljurg ; 
and  in  its  courfe  receives  about  15  fmall 
tributary  ftreams.  In  it  are  large  falls 
at  Rutland,  Vittsford,  Middlebury,  and 
Vergennes.  Between  the  fijjls  the  water 
is  oeep  and  navigable  for  the  laigeft 
boats.  Vefltils  of  any  burden  may  go  up 
to  tlie  falls  at  Vergennesj  5  miles  from 
its  mouth.  The  nead  of  this  river  is 
not  more  than  30  feet  fr^m  Batten  Kill* 
which  runs  in  a  contrary  dire&ion,  acd 
falls  into  Hudfon's  river.  Its  mouth  is 
3  miles  Qorth  of  B^on  Harbour. 

Otter 


;e  river  of  Canada, 
the  St.  Lawrence 
Fwo  Mountains*  9 
I.    The  comnauni- 
Montreal  Mjrith  the, 
iver,  if  not  imprac- 
r  expenfive  anapre- 
its  rapids  and  falls, 
te  foutn  coaft  of  the 
dland,  is  between 
Jay,  and  near  Cape 
;  point  of  the  ifland. 
lied  by  the  French 
river  of  Verinont, 
ey,  and  purfuing  a  || 
bout  90  miles,  cmp- 
plain  at  Ferrifburg ; 
eives  about  15  fmall 
In  it  are  large  falls 
j,  Middlebury,  and 
ai  the  fsjls  the  water 
iblc  for  the  laigeft 
y  burden  may  go  up 
sones,  5  miles  from 
lead  of  this  river  1$ 


0  U  A 

OrTift  Creek,  aimal!  ftream  which 
empties  into  Kentucky  river,  in  the 
Sute  of  that  name,  and  £.  of  Boonf- 
borougli. 

Ottbs's  Hetttif  a  fmall  peninfula, 
prpje^ng  from  the  north-caltem  fliore 
uf  Lake  Superior,  and  north-weft  of 
Michipicoton  Ifland< 

OuABASM.     8tt  H'iabfl/h  Rh'fr. 

OuAis's  Afy  and  JUvrr,  are  about 
1  leagues  round  the  north  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  in  the  Gulf  of 
St  Lawrence,  and  fouth-ibuth-weft  of 
the  ifland  of  Limbach. 

OUANAMiNTHE,aFrench  parifliand 
village  on  tlie  N.  (ide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  about  a  league  and  a  haL'' 
W.  of  Daxabon,  in  the  Spanifli  part, 
from  which  it  is  feparated  by  the  river 
Maflacre  ;  6  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  and  5  S.  £.  of  Fort  Diiuphin. 

OUAqUAPHBNOCAW,  Or  Ekanfan- 
eka  is  a  lake  or  rather  marfli,  between 
Flint  and  Oakmulgee  rivers,  in  Georgia, 
and  is  nearly  ^co  miles  in  circunuer- 
ence.    In  wet  leafons  it  appears  like  an 
inland  fea,  and  has  i'everal  large  iilands 
of  rich  land ;  one  of  which  the  prefent 
generation  of  Creek  Indians  repreiitnt 
as  the  moft  blifsful  fpot  on  earth.  They 
fay  it  is  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  race  of 
Indians,  whofe  women  are  incompat  n^y 
beautiAil.  They  tell  that  this  te,  rcilritJ 
paradife  has  been  feen  by  fome  enter- 
prizing  hunters,  when  in  purfuit  of  their 
game,  who  being  loft  in  inextricable 
Iwamps  and  bogs,  and  on  the  point  of 
periflung*  were  unexpeAedly  relieved 
oy  a   company  of  beautiful  women, 
whom  they  call  daughters  of  the  Sun, 
who  kindly  gave  them  fuch  proyifions 
as  they  had  with  them,  conliftin^  of 
firuit  and  corn  cakes,  and  then  enjomed 
them  to  fly  for  Ikfety  to  their  own  coun- 
try, becauic  their  hufliands  were  fierce 
men  and  cruel  to  ftrangers.    They  fur- 
ther  inY  ^^  t'^  hunters  had  a  view 
of  their  fetdements,  fituated  on  the  ele- 
vated banks  of  an  ifland,  in  a  beautiful 
lake ;  but  in  all  their  endeavours  to  ap- 
proach it,  they  were  involved  in  perpet- 
ual labyrinths,  and,  like  enchanted  land, 
ftill  as  they  iraamDed  they  had  juft 
gained  it,  it  feemed  to  fly  before  them ; 
and  having  quitted  the  deluflve  purfuit, 
they  with  much  difficulty  eflfeifted  a  rc^ 
treat.   They  tell  another  ftory  concern- 
ing this  fec|ueftered   country,  which 
feems  not  improbable,  whicn  is,  that 
the  inhabitants  are  the  po^Urity  of  a 


O  U  I 

fttgittre  remnant  ofthe  ancient  famtf/h, 
who  cfcapcd  mafliicrc  after  a  bloodv 
and  deciuve  battle  between  them  ana 
the  Ci  eeks,  (who,  it  is  certain,  conquer- 
ed and  nearly  exterminated  Uiat  once 
powerful  people)  and  here  found  an 
afylum,  remote  and  feciire  from  the 
fury  of  their  proud  conquerors.  The 
rivers  St.  Mary  and  Sitilla,  which  tall 
into  the  Atlantic,  and  the  beautifid  Lit- 
de  St.  Juan,  which  empties  into  the 
bay  of  Appalachi  at  St.  Mark's,  are  faid» 
by  fiartram,  tu  flow  from  this  lake. 

OuASiOTO  Mountains  are  litu,it- 
ed  N.  W.  of  the  Laurel  Mountains  in 
N.  Carolina  and  Virginia.  They  are 
50  or  60  miles  wide  at  the  Gap.  and 
450  in  length,  N.  F.  and  S.  W.  They 
abound  in  coal,  lime,  and  frec-ftone. 
Their  fumraits  are  generally  covered 
wid)  good  foil,  and  a  variety  of  timber, 
and  the  intervale  lands  are  well  watered. 
OuEPAS,  a  town  on  the  coaftofCof- 
ta  Rica,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
S.  of  Carthago. 

OuiATANOK,  a  fmall  ftockaded  fort 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  on  die  weftem 
fide  of  the  Wabafli  river,  in  lat.  40  38 
N.  and  long.  87  <[8  W.  and  faid  to  be 
about  130  miles  fouthcriy  of  Fort  St. 
Jofeph.  This  was  formerly  a  Frendi 
poft.  Thus  far  the  Wabafli  is  naviga^ 
ble,  4i»  miles  from  its  mouth,  for  bat. 
teaux  drawing  ^  feet  water.  A  (ilver 
mine  has  been  difcovered  here.  The 
neighbouring  Indians  are  the  Kickapoos, 
Mul'quitons,  Pyankifliaws,  and  a  princi- 
pal part  of  the  Ouiatanons.  The  whole 
of  thefe  tribes  could  fuinifli,  about  30 
years  ago,  1000  warriors.  The  fertility 
of  foil,  and  diverfity  of  timber  in  this 
country  are  the  fame  as  in  the  vicinity 
of  Poft  St.  Vincent. 

OuiNEASKB,  or  Shelhurne  Bay,  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  iets  up 
S.  eafterly  through  the  town  of  Bur. 
lington,  in  Vermont  into  the  northern 
part  of  Shelhurne. 

Ouj SCON  SING,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  N.  W,  Territory,  which  empties  in- 
to the  Miflllippi  in  lat.  43  33,  and  lonff. 
94  8  ;  where  are  A'illages  of  the  Sack 
and  Fox  tribes  of  Indians.  This  river 
has  a  communication  with  Fox  river, 
which,  pafTing  through  WinneL^o 
Lake,  enters  Puan  Bay  in  Lake  Michi. 
gan.  Between  the  two  rivers  there  is 
a  portage  of  only  3  miles.  Ob  thia 
river  and  its  branches  refide  the  Indians 
of  its  name.    Warriors  300. 

DULIONT, 


m 


(    ! 


r  , 


i  'l 


if  I  , 


I       li 


i  iiiir"" 


i!<       !i 


(5  IT  Y 

^OutioMT,  a  village  of  the  State  of 
Kew-York,  on  the  poft-road  from  Hud- 
ibn  to  the  Painted  Poll.  It  is  35  miles 
W.  of  Harpei sfield,  and  50  N.  E.of 
Union,  on  SHl'quchannah  river,  and  lids 
on  the  north  fide  of  a  creek  of  its  name 
which  empties  into  Unadilla  river. 

Outer  JUfwy,  in  Hudfon's  Bay, 
lies  in  lat.  51  38  N.  and  5  leagues  call 
of  North  Biuir. 

OvTEK  Jj/a>i J,  on  the  coaft  of  Lab- 
rador, is  in  the  clufler  called  St.  Auguf- 
tine's  Square  ;  S.  W.  of  Sandy  Ifland, 
and  ealt  of  Inner  Illand. 

OuTiiMAcs,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  refiding  oetween 
Lakes  Michigan  and  St.  Clair.  War- 
riors 200. 

Oven's  Mouth  Bay,  in  the  Diftriift 
of  Mame,  lies  on  the  S.  fide  of  Booth- 
bay  townihip,  in  Lincoln  co.  12  miles 
from  the  Ihire  town^  and  190  N.  by  E. 
of  Bofton. 

Ovin,  a  townfhip  of  New-York,  in 
Onondago  co.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1794  ;  is  feparated  from  Milton  on  the 
E.  by  Cayi  ,^a  Lake,  and  comprehends 
all  the  lan.is  in  the  county  on  the  W. 
lide  of  Seneca  )  ,ake.  The  centre  of 
the  town(hip  is  xo  miles  S.  of  the  W. 
fide  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake.  In 
J  796,  there  were  107  of  its  inhabitants 
qualified  to  be  eiec^tors. 

OwAsco,  a  lake,  partly  in  the  towns 
of  Aurelius  and  Scipio,  in  Onondago 
CO.  New- York.  It  is  about  1 1  miles 
long,  and  one  broad,  and  communicates 
with  Seneca  river  on  the  N  by  a  ftream 
•which  runs  throi^h  the  town  of  Brutus. 
The  high  road  hom  Kaats'  Kill  weft- 
ward,  pafles  towards  Cayuga  fsrry, 
rear  the  N.  end  of  the  lake. 

Owe  GO,  a  poft-town  in  Tioga  co. 
Ne  .v-York,  on  the  e-^ft  branch  of  the 
Suiitiuehannah,  ao  miles  wellerly  of 
Union,  .u  N.  E.  of  Athens,  at  Tioga 
Point,  and  284  from  Philadelphia.  In 
1796,  170  of  its  inhabitants  were  deh- 
ors. 

GwEGo  Cred,  in  Tioga  co.  ferves 
as  the  call  boundary  of  the  townfhip  of 
its  name.  It  has  feveral  fmall  branch- 
es which  unite  an<l  empty  through  the 
JN.  bank  of  the  eaft  branch  of  Sulque- 
hannah  river,  about  18^  miles  W,  of 
the  mouth  of  Chenengo  river.  ;?  ,'fj  • 
OuvATOisKA  Bay  and  Riviry  on 
the  coaft  of  Efquimaux,  or  N.  (hore  pf 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  to  the 
vcftwiiid  of  Natachquoin  river, . 


OX  r 

OwHARREE,  a  harbour  on  tlie  north- 
ern part  of  the  weft  coafJ  of  Kouaheine, 
one  of  the  Society  Illands,  45  leagues 
N.  W.  by  W.  of  Otalieite  Illand.  S. 
lat.  1644,  W.  long.  15  r  8. 

OwHYHEE,  oneof  the  largeft  of  the 
Sandwich  Illands,  is  about  300  miles  in 
circumference  j  betw.en  li  50,  and  ao 
16  N.  lat.  and  between  203  48,  and  205 
7  E.  long,  from  Greenwich.  The  ex- 
tenfive  mountain,  named  Mouna  Roa, 
on  the  S.  £.  part  of  the  illand,  is  16,029 
feet  high.  It  confilts  of  three  peaks 
which  are  perpetually  covered  with 
fnow,  though  within  tlie  tropics,  that 
are  yilible  40  leagues  out  at  fea.  At 
the  fouthcrn  end  of  the  illand  is  a  vil- 
lage called  Kaoo-^-poo>iay  on  the  Ibuth- 
ealtern  iule ;  Alieedoo,  on  the  north- 
eallern  part  of  the  ifland ;  Amakooa 
is  on  the  northern  end  ;  Tirooa  on  the 
nofth-weftern  Ijde,  where  is  f  he  bay  of 
Toyaliy«h  :  and  on  the  weftern  lide, 
N.  W.  of  Kaoo,  is  the  bay  of  Kara-ka- 
kooa.  It  has  the  lk\ne  produtftions  as 
the  Society  and  Friendly  Iflands,  and 
about  150,000  inhabitants,  who  are  nat- 
urally mild,  friendly  and  hofpitable  to 
ftrangers.  The  fea  abounds  with  a 
great  variety  of  excellent  fifti.  The 
celebrated  navigator  Captain  James 
Cook  loft  his  life  here,  by  an  unfortU" 
nate  and  momentaryjealoufy  of  the  na« 
tives. 

Owl's  Headt  a  head  land  on  the  W, 
fide  of  Pcnoblcot  Bay,  in  the  Diftridt  of 
Maine.  It  has  a  good  harbour  on  the 
larboard  hand  as  you  go  to  the  eait- 
ward.  The  harbour  makes  with  a 
deep  cove  ;  has  4  fathoms  water,  and  a 
muddy  bottom.  It  is  open  to  the  £. 
to  N.  and  E.  N.  E.  winds  ;  but  in  all 
other  winds  you  are  fafe.  The  tide 
of  flood  lets  to  the  eaftward,  and  the 
tide  of  ebb  S.  W.  tlirough  the  Mufcle 
Hidges. 

Ox,  a  river  of  Louifiana.  See  Red 
River. 

Oxf)w,  O'-eati  a  bend  of  the  river 
Conne(^ticut,  about  tLe  middle  of  the 
townihip  of  Newbury,  in  Vermont; 
whik.h  lee.  It  contains  450  acres  of 
the  fineft  meadow  land  in  New-Eng- 
land. 

Oxford,  atownfliip  in  Worccfter  co. 
Mafiachuletts.  It  contains  1000  inhab- 
itants; is  II  miles  fouthw«rd  of  Wor« 
celter,  and  54  S.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Oxford,  a  village  in  Briftol  co. 
Mafliichufetts  J  fee  New-Bedford. 

OXFQRDj 


the  north- 
-iouaheine, 
15  leagues 
Ifland.    S. 

•geft  of  the 

00  miles  in 
50)  and  20 
<v8,  and  205 
.    The  ex- 
louna  Roa, 
d,  is  i6,oao 
,hree  peaks 
)vered  with 
iropics,  that 
at  fed.    At 
ind  is  a  vil- 
in  the  I'outh- 

1  the  north* 
;  Amakooa 
'irooa  on  the 
is  the  bay  of 
yeftern  lide, 

of  Kara-ka- 
odudlions  as 
Iflands,  and 
who  are  nat- 
hofpitable  to 
inds  with  a 
t  m.  The 
ptain  James 
y  an  unfortu- 
ifyofthe  na- 

d  on  the  W, 
ic  Diltriit  of 
bour  on  the 
to  the  eait- 
ikes  with  a 
water,  and  a 
;n  to  the  E. 

;  but  in  all 

The  tide 

ard,  and  the 

the  Mufcle 

la.    Sec  Red 

I  of  the  river 
kiddle  of  the 

Vermont; 
^50  acres  of 

New-Eng- 

forccfter  co. 
; 1000  inhab- 
kd  of  Wor- 
^fton. 

Briftol  CO. 
edford. 


O  Y  S 

OxFOftn,  a  parifli  in  the  DOrthern 
part  of  Derby  in  Conr.edlicut,  contain- 
ing 140  families;  17  miles  N.  W.  of 
New-Haven. 

Oxford,  apoft-town  cf  New-York, 
in  Tioga  co.  4.5  miles  N.  E..  of  Union, 
and  ao  S.  W.  of  Butternuts.  This 
townfhip,  lies  between  Jericho  and  U-. 
nioi-,  and  is  bounded  northerly  on  Nor- 
wich, and  wcfterly  by  the  tradt  called 
tiie  Chenengo  Tarianglc.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  T793.  Mere  is  an  incorpo- 
rated academy. 

Oxford,  a  townfhip  of  New-Jerfcy, 
lituated  in  Suflbx  co.  on  the  caft  bank 
of  Delaware  river,  15  or  ao  miles  N. 
E.ofEaltonin  Pennl'ylvania.  It  con- 
tains 1905  inhabitants,  including  65 
flavcs. 

Oxford,  atownlhipof  Pennfylvania, 
fituatcd  in  Philadelphia  co.  There  is 
one  of  the  fame  name  in  Chefter  co. 

OxFOAD,  a  {)ort  of  entry,  on  the  eaft- 
«rn  fliore  of  Chefapeak  Bily,  in  Talbot. 
cbk  Its  exports  in  1794  amounted  to 
6,956  dollars.  It  is  13  miles  S.  by  W. 
of^Eaftofi,  and  about^S  S.  E.  of  Balti- 
more. :  '  .  . 
•  Oxford,  a  fmali  poft-town  of  N. 
Carolina,  36  miles  from  Hill/borough, 
and  about  416  from  Kiiladelphia. 

Oyster  ^-srvvaitovftvlhip  of  New-. 
York,  fituated  in, Queen's  co.  Long-Ifl- 
and,  cxtendirg  froni  thd  Sound  S.  to 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  includes 
Lloyd's  Neck,  or  Queen's  -Village,  and 
Hog-Ifland.  It  coutains  4,097  inhab- 
itants ;  of  whom  61 1  are  electors,  and 
381  flaves. 

OVsTF.R  Bay,  a  harbour  for  fmall  vef- 
fels  in  the  S.  W.  limits  of  tlie  town  of 
Bamftable,  in  Barnftable  co.  MafTachu- 
fetts;  which  fee.  .It  affords  e;  cellent 
oyfters ;  hence  its  name. 

Oyster  Btdi,  in  Delaware  Bay,  lie 
oppolite  Nantuxet  Bay. 

Oyster  PoirJf  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  where  the  water  does  not  ebb 
till  an  hour  apd  a  half  after  it  begins  to 
ebb  at  the  bar  of  Afhiey  river,  near 
Charlefton.  It  is,  beft  to  go  in  an  hour 
and  an  half  before  high  water. 

Oyster  Pondy  a  part  of  the  waters 
of  ♦'je  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  fct  up 
weftwardinto  Long-Ifland,  in  iI)G  State 
of  New- York,  between  the  north-caft- 
i  rnmoft  point  of  the  ifland  called  Oyf- 
tAr  Pond  Point,  and  Gardner's  Ifland. 
Off  the  point  are  two  fmall  ifles,  one 
of  which  is  called  Plu(..j.Ii}aod. 


P  A  C 

Oyster  River,  a  W.  branch  oFPif- 
cataqua  river  in  New-IIamplhire  > 
which  fee.  Durham  Hands  on  its  S- 
(Ide,  near  its  junction  with  tiic  main 
ftreiun  at  Helton's  Point. 

O-YoNG-vvONGKYK,  on  I.akc  Onta- 
rio, at  Johnfon's  I>iinding-Pluce,  about 
4  miles  eaftwurd  of  Fort  Niagara. 

OzAMA,  one  of  the  largeit  nvcrs  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  m  the  Well- 
Indies,  and  on  v/hich  the  city  of  St. 
Domingois  fituated.  It  is  navigable  9 
or  10  leagues  from  S.  to  N.  One  may 
judge  ot  the  enormous  x'olunic  of  water 
wliich  the  confluent  ibcum  of  Ifabella 
and  Ozama  fends  to  the  fea,  by  the  red 
colour  it  gives  it  in  the  time  of  the 
floods,  and  ..'  '  s  perceivable  as  far 
as  the  eye  can  ci  ..inguifli.  'I'here  U  a 
rock  at  the  mt  nth,  which  prevents  tlie 
entrance  ct  vefibls  drawing  more  tlian- 
18  or  ao  feet  of  water,  'ihe  river  for 
a  league  is  34  lect  deep ;  and  its  banks, 
are  20  feet  perpendicular,  but  N.  of  the 
city  th'"'  hciglit  is  red'jced  to  4  feet. 
This  real  nr-tuidl  birfon  has  a  bottom  of 
mud  or  foft  fand,  with  a  number  of  ca- 
reening places.  It  feldopi  overflows 
its  banks,  except  in  very  extraordinary 
inundations.  The  road  before  the' 
month  of  the  Ozama  is  very  indlfi^er- 
ent,  and  lies'cxpolbd  from  W.  S.  W. 
to  E.  It  is  impolTible  to  anchor  in  it  in 
the  time  of  the  Ibuth  winds,  and  tihe 
north  winds  drive  the  reffels  from  their 
moorings  out  into  the  liea,  which  here 
runs  extremely  high.  See  Bcfnitigo 
City.  The  mouth  of  the  river  is  in  lat. 
i8  18  N.  and  lo.",  from  Paris  7a  38  W. 

.■.;.,'u!;i  i,  :-      .■    '    ^-:y\  ■:.:■,'  _■..■, w  .. -,V;i 

PABLO,  5^.  a  lake  in  the  junfdiato'k> 
of  Otabalo,  in  the  province  of  Quito, 
3  leagues  in  length,  and  about  half  a 
league  in  breadth.  The  lake  is  evei  y 
where  furrounded  with  a  fpecies  of  rufli- 
es  called  Totoral,  among  which  are  vaft 
numbers  of  wild  geefe  and  galarcttf^s. 
Its  wrters  empty  into  the  Rio  Blanco. 

Paclo,  St.  a  village  on  the  ubova 
lake^  inhabited  principally  by  Indians. 

Pablo,  St.  a  town  on  the  S.  coafl:  of 
the  Illhmus  of  Darien,  in  the  province 
of  Vcragua,  S.  America. 

Pacajes,  a  province  of  S.  America^ 
which  is  rich  in  lilver  mines,  though 
they  arc  nui.  much  worked.  Here  ar-. 
alio  mines  of  talc,  called  Jafpcr.  -Blancos 

de 


i;i 


!■  1 


1:1' ti 


( 

f 
.     1 

1     i 

: 
K  liij 

1 

P  A  C 


PA  J 


I  in 


ife  Verenguela,  on  account  .  f  their 
tranfparcnt  whitencfs.  In  this  p.\-)vince 
aie  an  abundance  of  emeralds. 

Pacamores,  a  diftria  of  Peru,  in 
S.  America.  The  air  is  temperate,  and 
the  earth  abounds  in  gold.  An  Indian 
oauon  of  this  name  inhabit  the  banks 
of  Amazon  river. 

Pacayita,  a  volcano  in  Guatimala, 
to  New-Spain.  In  177*  the  lava  which 
iStXtd  from  it  deftroyed  the  city  of  St. 
Jago,  which  was  fituated  in  the  valley 
of  Panchoi. 

Pachacama,  or  PacAamac,  a  fii- 
mous,  fruitful,  and  pleafaiit  valley  in 
Peru,  4  leagues  from  Lima,  formerly 
beautified  with  a  magnificent  temple 
built  by  the  Incas,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Creator  of  the  Univcrle.  The  Peruvians 
bad  in  it  feverai  idols ;  but  they  had  fo 
great  a  reverence  for  God,  whom  they 
called  Pachacamac,  that  they  offered 
him  what  they  eiteemed  moft  precious, 
and  durft  not  look  upon  him  ;  fo  that 
their  kings  and  priells  entered  his  tem- 
ple with  tlieir  backs  towards  his  altar, 
and  came  out  again  without  daring  to 
turn  about.  The  ruins  of  this  fuperb 
ftru£hire,  fkys  Jovct,  do  yet  demonftrate 
its  former  magnificence  and  greatnefs. 
Such  immenfe  treafures  had  oeen  laid 
up  in  it,  that  Ferdinand  Pizarro  found 
to  the  value  of  900,000  ducats  in  it ; 
although  400  Indians  had  taken  away 
as  much  as  they  could  cafry  ;  and  the 
Spanifh  foldiers  pillaged  it  before  he 
came.  The  cruel  Spaniards  tortured 
the  natives,  but  could  not  extras  a  dif- 
covety  of  the  hidden  treafure. 

PACHii.A,  the  moft  northerly  of  the  ifl- 
ands  called  the  Pearl  or  King's  Iflands, 
all  low  and  woody,  and  about  i  a  leagues 
from  Panama.  Within  a  league  ofthis 
ifland  tliere  is  anchorage  in  1 7  fathoms. 

Pacheooia,  a  lake  of  New  South 
Wales,  in  N.  Ajnerica,  in  lat.  j<  N. 

PACHtQ^E,  a  fine,  but  fmall  ifland 
on  the  S.  W.  (ide  of  the  bay  of  Panama, 
on  the  coaft  of  tlie  N.  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  one  of  t!  'e  beautiful  iflands  within 
the  lemicirciilar  bay  from  Panama  to 
Point  Mala.  Thefe  iflaods  yield  wood, 
water,  fruit,  fowls,  hogs,  kc.  and  af- 
ford excellent  harbour  for  (i>ipjji>ig. 

pACHUCo,atown  of  Mexico  famous 
for  the  filver  mines  in  its  vicinity.  It 
is  faid  that  within  %o  miles  there  are 
loco  of  them.  It  lies  60  miles  from 
the  city  of  Mexico. 

PACiMc  Ocean,    ciUel    m   Uw 


Frencli  charts  Uar  delZur^pT  South  Seat 
a  prodigioas  ocean  dividing  America 
from  Alia.  It  is  about  10,000  miles  in 
breadth,  and  11,000  in  length. 

Packersfield,  a  townmip  of  New* 
Hampfhire,  Chefhire  co.  £.  of  Keene, 
on  the  head  branches  of  Afhuelot  river. 
It  is  86  miles  weflerly  of  Portfmouth, 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  contains 
721  inhabitants. 

Pacmote,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  (Ide  of 
the  iflai  d  of  Martinico,  between  Vau- 
clin  Bay  on  the  north,  and  Fere  Ance 
or  Creek,  on  the  fouth. 

Pacole^  a  fmall  river  of  South-Car- 
olina, whicn  rifes  in  the  White  Oak 
Mountains,  and  unites  with  Broad  river, 
30  miles  above  Tyger  river,  a.id  34 
fouth  of  the  North-Carolina  line.  Its 
cou.ie  is  about  fouth-eaft,  and  on  it  are 
the  r  'ehrated  Pacolet  Springs,  17  miles 
'^"         -ronfluence  with  Broad  river. 

.!  « i.^  ocas,  a  weflrern  branch  of  Mif- 
Ibuti  river.  The  tribe  of  Indians  of  thi* 
name  arc  faid  by  fome  to  be  of  Welch 
origin. 

Pa  get's  Pvrtt  a  fmall  harbour  with- 
in the  great  found  in  die  Bahama  Ifl- 
ands, and  in  the  moft  eaftcrly  part  of 
the  found. 

Paouiia,  or  Pa^ui/a,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  South-Americat  in  lat.  11  55  S. 
and  10  leagues  north  of  the  harbour  of 
Cobija,  in  uie  bay  of  Atacama.  Haguey 
de  Paguifa,  or  the  watering  ^lace  of 
Paguifa,  is  15  leagues  from  Cobija.  The 
whole  coaft  between  is  high,  mountain- 
ous and  rocky,  tr.  thu  iiireSion  of  north- 
north-eaft. 

Paintfu  ;';'*  "■  (  ation,  fo  called  in 
New- York  St  '  >  ^io^a.  co.  on  the 
northern  fide  .  if  _)  river,  between 
Bath  and  Newtow  .  ,  A-r>  miles  N.  W. 
by  W.  of  Tioga  Poini,  or  Athens,  j8 
fouth-eaft  of  Williamfburg  on  Genefke 
river,  and  130  N.  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia.   A  poft-ofHce  is  kept  here. 

Paintbo  Rock  is  on  French  Broad 
river,  by  which  the  line  nint  between 
Virginia  and  Tenneffee. 

Painter's  Harbour ^  on  the  w<ft 
coaft  of  '"  pe  Breton  Ifland,  is  nearly 
Jaft  Point  in  the  ifland  of 
N.  lat-  46  aa,  W.  long. 


due  eaf 
St.  Johi. ; 
61  t6. 
Paita. 


See  Payta. 

Paix,  Port  de.    See  Port  di  Pah. 

Pajaro,  Pajeroff  or  Paxaros^  "fl- 
ands  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  on  the  South 
Pacific  0«»a&.  'Jik^%dim  lotj^  rocks, 


South  Seaf 
5  America 
3o  miles  in 
1. 

ipofNew- 
of  Kecne, 
uclot  river. 
*ortfmouth, 
nd  contains 

eaft  fide  of 

tween  Vau- 
Fere  Ance 

F  South-Car- 
White  Oak 
Broad  river, 
^er,  and  44 
la  line.    Its 
ind  on  it  are 
igs,  i7railea 
Broad  river, 
anch  of  Mif- 
idians  of  thi« 
je  of  Welch 

arbour  with- 
;  Bahama  Ifl- 
ilcrly  part  of 

on  the  weft 
i  lat.  »i  55  S. 
le  harbour  of 
ima.  Haguct 
ring  place  of 
1  Cobija.  The 
rh,  mountain- 
tion  of  north- 

n,  fo  called  in 
sa  CO.  on  the 
iver,  between 

miles  N.  W. 
>v  Athens,  58 
a  on  Oeneffee 

of  Philadcl- 
pt  here. 

Trench  Broad 

nin(  between 

on  the  w<ft 
and,  is  nearly 
)  the  ifland  of 
a»,  W.  long* 


ort  d*  Paix. 
Panarosy  'fl- 
I,  on  the  South* 
« 4  or  4  rocks, 
Vhe 


the  largeft  of  which  is  called  t*i|<iro 
Ninno,  or  Paxaro  Ninno,  and  a  miles 
N.  W.  by  N.  from  the  fouthernmoft 
point  of  the  Main,  or  Point  Tortugas, 
that  clofes  the  port  of  Coquimbo. 

Pajaros,  Lesj  or  IJldnds  ef  Birdt, 
a  clufter  of  fmall  iflancib  on  the  coadof 
Chili,  8  leagues  N.  N.  W.  of  the  Bay 
of  Coquimbo,  and  7  S.  S.  E.  of  the  bar- 
bour  of  Guafco.  The  ifland  of  Choros 
is  4  miles  north  of  thefe  iflands,  to- 
Wards  the  harbour  of  Guafco. 

Pakanokit,  the  feat  of  Ma/ajfoit, 
the  famous  Indian  Chief,  was  fituated  on 
Namaflcet  river,  which  empties  into 
Narraganfet  Bay. 

Palatine,  or  Palestine,  a  tow^fhip 
in  Montgomery  Co.  New- York,  on  the 
north  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  and  weft  of 
Caghnawaga.  In  1790  it  contained 
,-^,404  inhabitants,  including  19a  flaves. 
In  1796,  585  of  the  inhabitants  were 
eleftors.  The  compatft  part  of  it  ftands 
on  the  bank  of  the  Mohawk,  and  con- 
tains a  Reformed  Dutch  church,  and  10 
or  30  houfes.  It  is  36  miles  above 
Schenedlady. 

Palatine  Tooyw,  in  the  Scaic  of 
New- York,  lies  on  the  eaft  bank  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  and  north  fide  of  the  month 
<lf  Livingftoh  river,  which  empties  in- 
to the  former ;  1 1  miles  north  of  Rhyn- 
beck,  and  15  foutherly  of  Hudfon  city. 

Palmser's  IJhrtds,  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Oc<*an,  arc  between  i^  and  16  de- 
grees of  S.  lat.  and  from  I46  to  147  de- 
grees of  W.  long.  From  lat- 14  to  ao  S. 
and  long.  138  to  150  W.  tile  ocean  is 
ftrewed  with  low,  haU-merflowed  ifl- 
ands, which  renders  it  neceflary  for  nav- 
igators to  proceed  with  much  caution. 

Palma,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  in 
N.  America,  50  miles  N.  W.  of  St.  Fe 
de  Bagota.  N.  lat.  4  30,  W.  long  73 
40. 

Palm  as,  a  large  river  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  whofe 
mouth  is  in  lat.  zi  N.  and  long.  98  36 
W.  Some  of  its  branches  run  in  a 
courfe  almoft  direftly  eaft  from  the 
mountains  to  the  eaftward  of  the  gulf 
of  California. 

Palmer,  a  rough  ar,d  hilly  town- 
ftrip  in  Hampshire  co.  MafTachuletts, 
Sa  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bofton.  It  is  fit- 
uated on  the  foutli  fide  of  Chickopce 
river,  and  bounded  eaftward  by  Weft- 
em,  in  Worcefter  co.  An  aft  paffed  in 
laft  feflion,  1796,  to  incorporate  a  foci- 
etv  to  make  a  turnpifce-^oad  between 
Nn 


P  A  M 

thefe  two  towns.    It  was  incorjtotatetl 
in  175  a,  and  conuins  809  inhabitants. 

Palme  r's  River,  a  water  of  Narra- 
ganfet  Bay,  which  empties  with  another 
unali  river,  and  forms  Warren  river, 
oppofite  the  town  of  Warren. 

Palmbrston's  IJland,  of  which 
one  in  particular  has  been  lb  named,  i<i 
in  lat.  18  S.  and  long.  i6»  57  W.  and 
is  the  fecond  in  fituation  from  the  S.  E. 
of  a  group  of  9  or  10,  all  known  by  the 
fame  general  name.  It  affords  neither 
anchorage  nor  water ;  but  if  the  weath- 
er is  mcSerate,  a  (hip  that  is  pafTing  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean  in  this  track,  may  be 
fiipplied  withgrafsfor  cattle,  cocoa-nuts, 
filn,  and  other  produftions  of  the  ifland. 
The  principal  ifland  is  not  ^ve  a  mile 
in  circumference;  nor  is  it  elevated 
more  than  3  feet  above  the  furface  o£ 
the  fea. 

Palmettoj  the  moft  eafterly  point 
of  the  bay  fo  called,  on  the  fouth-weft 
toaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriflopher's* 
in  die  Weft-Indies.  The  fliore  is  rocky, 
and  a  fort  protedls  the  bay. — Alfo,  tlie 
moft  northerly  point  of  the  ifland  of 
Jamaica )  having  Manatee  Bay  on  the 
weft,  and  Ifland  Bay  on  the  eaft. 

Pa  L  Ml  ST  E  Point,  on  the  nordi  ude 
of  th«  N.  W*  part  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo;  3  leagues  fouth  of  Point  Por- 
tugal, the  eaft  point  of  the  fmall  ifland 
La  Tortue,  and  5  eaft  of  Port  de  Paix. 

Pa L M  V  K  a,  a  town,  and  die  only  port 
of  entry  and  delivery,  in  the  State  of 
Tenneffee,  conllituted  a  port  of  entry 
by  law  of  the  United  States,  January  3  j, 
1797- 

Palominos,  fmall  iflands  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  South-America ;  3  miles 
weft  of  St.  Lawrence  Ifland,  or  St.  Lo- 
renzo. They  have  from  13  to  18  fath- 
oms water  round  them. 

Palonc^oe,  the  cape  eaft  of  Nifao 
Point,  at  the  mouth  of  Nifao  river,  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, in  lat.  18  13  N.  and  long.  73  » 
W.  of  Paris. 

Pa  t  T  2,  New,  a  townfliip  on  the  W. 
fideof  Hudfon's  river  in  Uifterco.  New- 
York,  about  ao  miles  N.W.  of  New- 
burgh,  and  3a  north  of  Goflicn.  It  con- 
tains 1,309  inhabiunts,  including  304 
flaves^ 

Pambamacca,  a  lofty  mountiln  I^ 
the  province  of  Quito,  bemg  one  of  th<t 
pikes  of  the  caftern  Cordilloias. 

Pamlico  Sound,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
N.  Carolina,  is  a  kiai  Qf  Jake  or  inland 

feai 


i 


i    i  '  ?.. 


hi- 


Hi: 


■mi 


if 

j 
li  llllliii'HI 


K2t  from  ZQ^  to  lo  miles  broad,  and 
nearly  loo  miles  in  length.  It  is  fepa- 
ratcd  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  its 
^vhole  length,  by  a  beach  of  fand  hard- 
ly a  mile  wide,  generally  covered  with 
Imall  trees  or  buflies.  Through  this 
bank  are  feveral  fmall  inlets,  by  which 
boats  may  pafs ;  but  Ocrecok  Inlet  is 
the  only  one  that  will  admit  TcfTels  of 
burden  into  the  diftrids  of  Edenton  and 
Newbern.  This  inlet  is  in  lat.  •? 5  ro  N. 
and  opens  between  Oaecck  Iftand  and 
Core  Bank.  This  found  communicates 
with  Core  and  Albemarle  Sounds ;  and 
receives  Pamlico  or  Tar  river,  the  river 
Neus,  befides  vther  fniall  ftreams.  See 
Ocrecok,  Cape  Hxttcras,  Sec. 

Pampeluna,  a  town  of  New-Gran- 
ada, in  S.  Americs.  In  its  vicinity  are 
gold  mines.  N.  lat>  6  30,  W.  long.  71 
30.  It  is  150  miles  from  Santa  Fe,  and 
400  from  Maricaibo. 
_  Pamunky,  the  ancient  name  of  York 
river,  in  Virginia  ;  but  this  name  is  now 
confined  to  the  Ibulhern  branch,  form- 
ed by  die  confluence  of  the  North  and 
South  Anna.  This  and  the  northern 
branch,  Mattapony,  unite  and  form 
York  river,  juft  below  the  town  of  De 
La  War. 

Pana,  aniflandon  tliecoafl  of  Peru, 
7  leagues  E.  N.  E.  of  Santa  Clara,  and 
as  far  from  Guayaquil.  At  Point  Arena, 
which  is  the  wellcrnmoft  point,  all 
ftiips  bound  farther  into  Guayaquil  Bay 
ftop  for  pilots,  as  there  is  good  anchor- 
age over  againil  the  middle  of  the  town, 
ki  ^  fathoms,  and  a  foft  oozy  ground. 
It  is  alfo  called  Puna. 

Panaca,  a  burning  momtain  on  the 
W.  coaft  of  New-Mexico,  about  3 
leagues  from  the  volcano  of  Sanfonate. 

J'an  adou,  or  Mettadou,  a  bay  on  the 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  near  the  S. 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Panama  is  the  capital  of  Terra Fir- 
xna  Proper,  S.  America  ;  lituated  on  a 
capacious  bay  of  its  name,  on  tKe  fouth 
<i(fe  of  the  Ifthmus  of  Panama  or  Dari- 
€n,  oppolite  to  Porto  Bello,  on  the  N. 
lide  of  the  ifthmus.  It  is  the  great  re- 
ceptacle of  the  raft  quantities  of  gold 
and  (ilver,  with  other  rich  merchandize 
from  all  parts  of  Peru  and  Chili.  Here 
they  arc  lodged  in  ftore-houfes,  kill  the 
proper  feafon  arrives  to  tranfport  tlicm 
to  Europe.  The  harbour  of  Panama  is 
iormed  in  its  road  by  the  flielter  of  fev- 
eral iflands,  where  Ihips  lie  very  fafe,  at 
fbou:  ^  or  3-icagues  diilant  from  the 


i|     h 


p  A  jr 

eity.  The  tides  are  regular,  and  It  13 
high  water  at  the  full  and  change  at 
3  o'clock.  The  water  rifes  and  falls 
confidcrably ;  fo  that  the  ftiore,  lying 
on  a  gende  flope,  is  at  low  water  left 
dry  to  a  great  diftance.  Pearls  are 
fo  md  here  in  fuch  plenty,  that  thei<e 
are  I"«w  pcrfons  of  property  near  Pana- 
ma, who  do  not  employ  all,  or  at  Icall 
part  of  their  Haves,  in  this  filhery.  The 
Negroes  who  fifh  for  pearls  muft  be 
both  expert  fwinimers,  and  capable  of 
holding  their  breath  a  long  time,  the 
work  being  performed  at  the  bottom  of 
the  fea.  This  city  is  a  bifliop's  ice, 
whofe  bifliop  is  the  primate  of  Terra 
Firma.  It  was  built  by  the  Spaniards, 
who,  in  15  J  I,  conftituted  it  a  city,  with 
the  ufual  privileges.  In  1670  it  wai 
taken,  lacked  and  burnt  by  John  Mor- 
gan, an  Enclifli  adventurer.  The  new 
tov/n  was  built  in  a  more  convenient 
fituation,  about  a  league  and  a  half  from 
the  fbrnicr.  In  1737,  this  new  town 
was  almoft  entirely  deftroycd  by  an 
accidental  fire.  It  is  furrounded  with 
a  ftone  wall  and  other  fortifications^  .nd 
the  public  buildings  are  very  handl  -me. 
N.lat.  »  s^  48,  W.  long.  8a  5  14.  See 
Chagre  River. 

Panama,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma, 
of  which  the  city  above  mentioned  is 
the  capital .  This  province  is  called  by 
moft  writers  Terra  Firma  Proper.  It 
contains  3  cities,  la  villages,  and  a  great 
number  of  rancheries  or  affemblages  of 
Indian  huts ;  thefc  are  lituated  in  fmall 
plains  along  the  fliore,  the  reft  of  the 
country  being  covered  with  enormous 
and  craggy  barren  and  uninhabited' 
mountains.  It  has  feveral  gold  mines  ; 
b»it  the  pearl  fifliery  affords  a  more  cer- 
tain profit,  and  at  the  fame  time  is  ac- 
quired with  much  greater  eafe. 

P'ANAMARino,  on  the  coaft  of  Sur- 
rinam,  in  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  is  E.  S. 
£.  of  Demarara,  in  lat.  about  6  N.  and 
long.  56  a6  W. 

Panambuco,  a  harbour  or  bay  on 
the  coaft  of  Brazil.     See  Pernavibuco^ 

PANECiLi.o,an  eminence  near  Quito, 
vhich  fupplies  that  city  with  excellent 
water. 

Pan  1 9.,  There  are  two  Indian  na- 
tions fo  named.  The  White  Panis  in- 
habit S.  £.  of  the  Miflburi,  and  can  fur- 
nilh  1500  warriors ;  and  the  Speckled' 
Panis  S.- of  the  Miflburi,  laoo  warriors. 

Panse,.de  la,  a  branch  of  Wabafh 
rirer,  ia  the  N.  W.  Territory. 

FAHTONr 


ir,  and  It  h 
I  change  at 
[es  and  falls 
(bore,  lyin^ 
>w  water  lett 
Pearls  are 
y,  that  thei^ 
y  near  Pana- 
(l,  or  at  Icall 
ifhery.    The 
tirls  muft  be 
)d  capable  oi 
ng  time,  the 
the  bottom  of 
bidiofi's  lee, 
nate  of  Terra 
rhe  Spaniards, 
it  a  city,  with 
I  1670  it  was 
ay  John  Mer- 
er.   The  new 
re  convenient 
md  a  half  from 
Jiis  new  town 
ftroycd  by  an 
rrounded  with 
rtifications;  .nd 
.■eryhand)  -me. 
r.  8a  s  M-   See 

)f  Terra  Flrma, 

e  mentioned  is 

nee  is  called  by 

ma  Proper.    It 

ges,  and  a  great 

r  affcmblages  of 

lituated  in  fmall 

the  reftoftlK 

with  enormous 

id    uninhabited 

al  gold  mines  ; 

irds  a  more  cer- 

imQ  time  is  ac- 

ijr  eafe. 

|e  coaft  of  Sur- 
^.merica,  is  E.  S. 
^bout  6  N.  and 

Ijour  or  bay  on 
See  Pcrna7nbuco^ 
^nce  near  Quito, 
with  excellent 

|two  Indian  na- 
A''hite  Panisin- 
iari,  and  can  fur- 
Id  the  Speckled 
I  laoo  warriors. 
Inch  of  Waba(h 
}ritory. 

pAHTONr 


PA   R 

Panton,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
"Vermont,  (ituated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Luke 
Champlain,  between  Addifon  and  Fer-* 
rifburg,  and  about  87  miles  N.  of  Ben- 
nington. It  contains  aao  inhabitants. 
Panuco,  or  Guajlica,  a  province  of 
U.  America,  in  New-Spain,  bounded 
E.by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W.  by 
the  provinces  of  Mechoacan  and  New- 
Bifcay.  The  tropic  of  Cancer  divides 
this  province.  It  is  about  55  leagues 
each  way.  The  part  neareft  to  Mex- 
ico is  much  the  beft  and  richeft,  abound- 
ing with  provifions,  and  having  fome 
vems  of  gold ,  and  mines  of  fait.  Other 
parts  are  wretchedly  poor  and  barren. 
Pan  u  CO,  the  capital  of  the  above  men- 
tioned province  ;  it  is  the  fee  of  a  biih- 
op,  and  ftands  upon  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  1 7  leagues  from  its  mouth,  on 
the  W.  rtiore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  60  N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  large  ihips  a 
great  way  above  the  city  ;  but  the  har- 
bour has  fo  large  a  bar  before  it,  that  no 
ihips  of  burden  can  enter  it.  N.  lat.  aj 
30,  W.  long.  99  50. 

Papaoayo,  a  gulf  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  fide  of  the 
Iflhmus  of  Nicaragua,  a  fmall  diftance 
from  the  wiiftern  parts  of  the  lake  of 
Nicaragua,  and  in  lat.  about  11  15  N. 
Papaloapain,  the  largefl  river  of 
Guaxaca,  in  New-Spain,  called  aUb 
Alvarada.  it  rifes  in  the  mountains 
Zoncoliucan,  and,  being  enlarged  by 
the  accefTion  of  ieifer  livers,  falls  latu 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

Papi  NAG  HOIS,  a  bay  on  the  north 
ihore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  N. 
America,  5  leagues  fouth-wefl  of  St. 
Margaret's  river.  An  Indian  nation  of 
the  lame  name  inhabit  the  country  Ibuth 
ol  Piretibbe  Lake  in  Lower  Canada. 

Pappa  Foru,  on  PelefoQ  or  Clinch 
liver,  lies  12  miles  from  Emery's  river, 
«nd  10  from  Campbell's  Station,  neaa* 
Holfton. 

Pa  PUD  A,  on  the  coalt  of  Chili,  and 
on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  5  leagues  north 
ofthefhoals  oi"  Quintcro,  and  4from 
Port  Liga.  The  water  is  very  deep  in 
Papuda,  but  the  anchorage  is  good,  and 
the  entrance  fafe. 

Para,  the  raoft  northern  of  5  colo- 
nies or  governments,  i'.ira,  Maragnon, 
Matto-Grofib,  Goyas,  and  St.  Paul,  in 
S.  America,  at  which  phce-^  the  Indians 
have  been  united  in  117  villages,  over 
v/bicb  a  white  nwn  prclides  witli  dcf- 


P  A  R 

potic  fway.    The  government  of  Part' 
comprehends  that  portion  of  Guiana 
which  belongs  to  the  Portuguefe,  the 
moft  barren  and  .unwholefome  country 
in  all  thefe  regions. 

Para  Jjland  is  one  of  the  range  -of 
iflands  to  tlie  fouth-eaft  of  Sypomba, 
to  the  cailward  of  the  great  river  Am- 
azon, which  is  the  northwefl  limit  of 
the  Brazil  coaft  in  S.  America.  Thefe 
iflands  form  the  great  river  crbayof 
Para.  About  9  leagues  eaft  by  .'butn  of 
this  ifland  is  Cape  Cuma,  tht:  weftern 
boundary  of  the^reat  gulf  of  Maranhao, 
On  the  ifland  is  a  fort  belonging  to  the 
Portuguefe.  There  is  alfo  a  fmall  river 
of  the  fame  name,  at  the  mouth  of  which 
is  good  riding  for  large  fhips,  becaufe 
the  ifland  breaks  off  the  fea,  and  two 
high  points  fecure  it  from  the  north 
and  eaft  winds- 

Para  River  or  Bay,  near  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  S.Ameri- 
ca, has  a  town  of  its  name  at  the  mouth 
of  it,  with  a  large  fort  and  a  platform  of 
cannon  at  the  water's  edge,  command- 
ing the  road.    Above  this  is  the  caftle 
feated  on  a  high  rock,  furrounded  by  a 
ftrong  ftone  wall  that  is  alfo  mounted 
with  cannon.     The  road,  within  the 
moutlj  of  tlie  rivar,  is  good,  havin, 
clean  ground,  and  fecured  by  high  Jan 
on  both  fides.    The  mouth  of  the  river 
is  about  6  miies  broad  at  the  town  ;  and 
fliips  may  ride  in  15  fathoms,  within  a' 
cable's  length  of  the  fhore,  and  in  10 
fathoms  clofe  under  the  fort.  This  har- 
bour is  miich  frequented  for  all  kinds  of 
provifions  wliicli  aboxmd  here.  Tobac- 
co is  carried  from  this,  to  Pernambuco, 
to  be  fliipped  for  Europe.    The  river  is 
about  zoo  miles  long. 

Paraca,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
40  leagues  S.  E.  by  S.  of  the  port  of 
Callao.  Ships  receive  flicker  here, 
when  driven  out  of  the  harbour  or  Can. 
gal  Ian  or  Sangallan,  which  is  3  leagues 
S.  E.  of  Careue  Ifland,  and  N.  N.  W, 
of  the  ifland  of  Lobos. 

Paradise,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylva-' 
nia,  in  York  co.  ? 

Pa  RAD  IS.  See  Plate  Forme.  •■*"''  "■•■• 
Paraguay,  a  country  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, claimed  by  Spain,  about  1,500  niilet 
in  length,  and  t,ooo  in  breadth.  Itlie« 
between  ij  and  37  S.  lat.  and  between 
50  and  75  W.  long,  bounded  north  by 
Amazonia,  fouth  by  Patagonia,  eaft  by 
Brazil,  and  weft  by  Peru  and  Chili.  It 
is  divided  into  tue  following  provinces, 

viZi  ' 


i.'i;    ' 


'  1   I'M 


w 


t    ■ 

1 
i 

'  ■    i 

^1 

I  i 


') 


mi 


1 


I'  'M 


'i    I' 


^'i  i' 


!lti     i 


'  'M 


PA  R 

f  iz.  Paraguay,  Parana,  G«ira,  Uragua, 
Tucuman,  and  Rio  de  la  Plau.  Befides 
a  raft  number  of  fmall  rivers  which  wa- 
ter this  country,  there  is  Uie  grand  river 
La  Plata,  which  deferves  a  particular  de- 
fcription.    A  Modenefe  Jefuit,  by  the 
name  of  P.  Cattanco,  who  failed  up  this 
mcr,  fpeaks  in  the  following  language 
concerning  it :  "  While  I  rehded  m  Eu» 
rope,  and  read  in  books  of  hillory  and 
geography  that  the  river  La  Plata  was 
150  miles  in  breadth,  I  confidered  it  as 
^n  exaggeration,  beoaufe  in  this  hemif- 
phere  we  have  no  ex.imple  of  fuch  vaft 
rivers.    When  I  approached  its  mouth, 
I  had  the  moft  vehement  defire  to  afger- 
tain  the  breadth  with  my  own  eyes,  and 
I  have  found  the  m?.tter  to  be  exadtly  as 
it  was  reprefsnted.  This  I  deduce  par- 
ticularly from  one  circumftance  s  when 
we  took  our  departure  from  Monte  Vie- 
do,  a  fort  fituated  more  than  100  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  where 
its  breadth  is  oonflderably  diminilhed, 
"we  failed  a  comolete  day  before  we  dil- 
covercd  the  land  on  the  oppofite  bank 
of  the  river  j  and  when  we  were  in  the 
middle  of  the  channel  we  could  not  dif- 
cover  land  on  either  fide,  and  faw  noth- 
ing  but  the  Iky  and  water,  as  if  we  had 
been  in  fome  great  ocean.    Indeed  we 
fliould  have  taken  it  to  be  f^a,  if  the  frefh 
v/ater  of  the  river,  which  was  turbid  like 
the  Po,  had  not  fatisiied  us  that  it  was  a 
river."    From  the  fituation  of  this  coun- 
tiy,  ibme  parts  of  it  muft  be  extremely 
hot,  from  the  almofl  vertical  in^ence  of 
the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  while  other  parts 
muft  be  pleafant  and  delightful.    But 
the  heat  is  in  fom?  meafiuc  abated  by 
the  gentle  breezes  which  generally  be- 
gin about  9  or  10  o'clock  m  the  morn- 
ing, and  continue  the  greateft  part  of  the 
day.  Some  parts  of  the  country  are  very 
mountainous  ;  but  in  many  others,  you 
lind  extenlive  and  beautiful  plains,  where 
the  foil  is  very  rich,  producing  cotton, 
tobacco,  and  the  valuable  herb  called 
Paraguay,  together  with  a  variety  of 
fruits.   There  are  alfo  prodigioufly  rich 
paflures,  in  which  are  bred  fuch  herds 
of  cattle,  that  it  is  faid,  the  hides  are  the 
only  part  exported,  while  the  flefli  is 
left  to  be  devoured  by  the  ravenous 
beads  of  the  wildemefs.  Paraguay  fends 
annually  into  the  kingdom  of  Peiii  as 
many  as  1500  or  aooo  mules.    They 
travel  oyer  dreary  deferts  for  the  dif- 
tance  of  800  or  900  leagues.  The  prov- 
icce  of  Tucuman  furniJhcs  to  Potoli,  an- 


P  A  R 

nually,  16  or  18,000  oxen,  and  40C0  or 
5000  horfes,  brought  forth  and  reartd 
upon  its  own  territory.    Buenos  Ayres 
is  the  capital  of  this  country.    Its  fitua- 
tion  on  the  river  La  Plata  is  healthy 
and  pleafant,  and  the  air  temperate.   It 
is  regularly  built :  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants is  about  ^o.ooo.    One  lide  of  the 
town  is  defended  by  a  fortrels,  with  a 
garrifon  of  600  or  700  men.  The  town 
ftands  180  miles  from  i;he  fea.   The  aC- 
cefs  to  the  town  up  the  river,  is  very 
difficult.  From  the  bell  information  th^t 
can  be  obtained,  there  are  not  more  than 
100,000  fouls  in  this  country,  including 
Spaniards,  Indians,  Negroes,  and  the 
mixed  blood,  or  Creoles.    The  Span- 
iards exhibit  much  the  fame  chai<if>er 
here,  as  in  the  other  kincdons  already 
defcribed.    The  Spaniards  firft  difcov- 
ered  this  country  in  the  year  15 15,  and 
founded  the  town  of  Buenos  Ayres  in 
^53^'    Moft  of  the  country  is  ftill  in- 
habited by  the  native  Americans.   The 
Jefuits  have  been  indefatigable  in  their 
endeavours  to  convert  the  Indians  to  the 
belief  of  their  religion,  and  to  introduce 
among  them  the  arts  of  civilized  life, 
and  have  met  with  furprifing  fuccefs.  It 
is  faid  that  above  340,000  families,  fev- 
eral  years  ago,  were  fubjeft  to  the  Jefuits, 
living  in  obedience,  and  an  awe  border- 
ing on  adoration,  yet  procured  without 
anv  violence  or  conftraint    In  1767,  the 
Jefuits  were  fent  out  of  America,  by 
royal  authority,  and  theit  fubjefts  were 
put  upon  the  fame  footing  with  the  reft 
of  the  country. 

Par  AGUAY,  a  large  river  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, which  falls  into  the  river  La  Plata 
that  forms  the  fouthern  boundary  of 
Brazil.  At  the  diftance  of  100  leagues 
from  the  fea,  where  this  and  Parana  riv- 
er fall  into  the  channel,  it  is  at  leaft  10 
leagues  over. 

Paraiba,  or  Parayba,  the  raoft 
northern  province  of  Brazil,  in  S.  Ame- 
rica, lying  between  Rio  Grande  to  the 
north,  and  the  river  Tamarack  to  the 
fouth,  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the 
eaft,  and  Figuares  to  the  weft.  It  be- 
longs  to  the  Portuguefe,  and  abounds  in 
fugar-canes.  Brazil-wood,  cattle,  tobac- 
co, cotton,  &c.  This  diftrift  was  given 
by  John  III.  of  Portugal,  to  the  hiftorian 
De  Barros,  but  he  neglefted  the  peo- 
pling of  it.  Some  vagabonds  went  over 
m  1560,  and  in  1591,  were  fubdued  by 
the  French,  who  were  foon  obliged  to 
evacuate  it.    Philip  III.  caufcd  a  city  to 

be 


,  and  4000  or 
1  and  reartd 
Buenos  Ayres 
try.   Its  fitua. 
ita  is  healthy 
temperate.   It 
i\iber  of  inhab- 
)ne  lide  of  the 
brtreis,  witli  a 
en.  The  town 
5  fea.  The  aC- 
river,  is  very 
iformation  that 
;  not  more  than 
ntvy,  including; 
»r«>es,  and  the 
s.    The  Span- 
fame  chaii£*er 
icdoiis  already 
1  ds  firft  difcov- 
year  i5i5>  a".*^ 
Juenos  Ayres  in 
)untry  is  itiU  in- 
Lmericans.   The 
Fatigable  in  their 
he  Indians  to  the 
and  to  introduce 
of  civilized  lift* 
ifing  fuccefs.  It 
pooTamilies,  fev- 
leatothejefuits, 
i  an  awe  border- 
•rocured  without 
int    In  1 76 7,  the 
of  America,  by 
eir  fubjeas  were 
ing  with  the  reft 

J  river  of  S.  Ame- 
le  river  La  Plata 
em  boundary  of 
:e  of  100  leagues 
s  and  Parana  riv- 
,  it  is  at  leaft  10 

■aybai   the    moft 
Irazil,  in  S.  Ame- 
io  Grande  to  the 
Tamarack  to  the 
itic  Ocean  to  the 
-the  weft.    It  be- 
e,  and  abounds  in 
)od,  cattle,  tobac- 
diftria  was  given 
il.tothehiftonan 
glefted  the  peo- 
abonds  went  over 
werefubdued  by 
foon  obliged  to 
I.caufcdacityto 


FAR 

be  built  upon  this  royal  domain,  which 
is  at  prelent  known  by  the  name  of 
A'c/rif  Derfit  de  Nevrs. 

Pa  r  aib  A,the  metropolis  of  the  above 
province,  or  captainfhip,  fituated  on  the 
Ibuth  bank  of  a  river  of  its  name,  three 
leagues  from  the  lea ;  according  to  oth- 
ers, ro  leagues ;  the  river  being  naviga- 
ble for  fliips  loaded  with  600 or  7oohhds. 
of  fugar,  a  confiderable  diftancc  above 
the  city.  The  Dutch  captured  it  in  1635 ; 
but  the  Portuguefe  retook  it  ibon  after. 
It  has  many  Itatcly  houfes  decorated 
with  marble  pillars,  together  witn  large 
ware-houfes  and  magazines  belonging 
to  the  merchants.  The  mouth  of  the 
river  is  well  fortified.    S,  lat.  6  50*  W, 

long.  49  53-  ,        ,,    ,  „ 

Papamabiro,  corruptly  called  P/r- 
Txr,iariho,  the  chief  town  of  Surrinam, 
containing  alwnt  400  houies,  on  the 
bank  of  Surrinam  river,  in  a  pleafant  but 
unhealthy  fituation.  The  houfes  are  of 
wocd,  tolerably  convenient,  erefled  on 
fbundations  or  European  bricks.  Its 
port  is  5  leagues  from  the  fea,  and  has 
every  convenience.  It  is  the  rcndez- 
tous  of  all  the  fliips  from  the  mother 
country  which  come  hither  to  receive 
the  produce  of  the  colony. 

Par  AN  a,  a  province  in  the  E,  divifion 
of  Paraguay,  8o»i!th-America.  Its  chief 
town  is  St.  Ann. 

Paren,  a  lake  of  Chili,  S.  America. 

Parateb,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-weft 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  is  fouth- 
eaft  of  Banifter  Bay,  its  fouth-eaft  point 
}s  alfo  called  Paraiee. 

Paraypa,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  10  leagues  N.  of  Port  Fran- 
cezes.  The  city  lies  8  leagues  from  its 
mouth.  S.  lat.  6  5c,  W.  long.  49  ly 
Bee  Paraiba. 

Parduba,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  10  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Braa- 
dihi  Bay, 

Par  ham  tonim  and  Harbour^  on 
the  north  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua, 
in  the  Weft-Indies.  The  harlwur  is 
defended  by  Byram  Fort,  at  Barnacle 
Point,  on  the  weft  fide,  and  farther  up 
by  another  fort  on  the  E.fide.  The  town 
is  regularly  built,  and  lies  at  the  head 
of  the  harbour,  and  in  St.  Peter's  farifti. 

Par  I  A,  or  ^enu  /Indalujiat  a  coun- 
try of  S.  America,  and  in  Term  Firma, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  north  fea. 
Und  fouth  by  Guiana.  The  fca-coafl 
is  moftly  inhabited,  on  which  tlierc  are 
fcreral  towns. 


PAR 

Paria,  a  jurifdi6tion  in  the  abp.  of 
La  Plata,  in  S.  America,  beginning  70 
leagues  N.  W.  of  that  ciiv,  and  extend- 
ing about  40  leagues.  It  bas  fomc  filver 
mines  ;  and  the  cheele  made  here  is 
much  efteemed,  and  lent  all  over  Peru. 

Paria,  Oiilfofy  a  ftrait  1  vinR  between 
the  N.  W.  part  of  New-Aridalufia,  and 
the  fouthcrn  fliore  of  the  ifland  of  Trin- 
idad.   N.  lat.  9  12,  W.  long.  62  ^. 

Paril?-o,  a  town  of  Peru,  generally 
called  Santti ;  which  fee. 

Parina,  a  point  N.  W.  of  the  har- 
bour of  Payta,  on  tJic  coaft  of  Perm, 
The  country  within  the  point  is  hi  gh 
and  mountainous.  Between  Pa^ta  and 
it,  is  a  large  hay,  having  flioals.  The 
land  is  low,  and  fomc  white  hills  all  the 
way. 

Parina-Cocas,  a  jnrifdiflipn  in  the 
diocefc  of  (Juamang.i,  in  the  audience 
of  Lima,  b-i-ginning  about  20  leagues 
fouth  of  the  city  of  Guamanga,  and  ex- 
tending above  25  leagues.  It  has  ex- 
cellent paftures,  grain,  and  fruits,  'x  h  :•. 
mines  of  lilver  and  gold  are  more  pre-. 
dudlive  than  formerly ;  and  thefe  form 
the  chief  branch  of  its  commerce. 

Paris,  a  thriving  townfhip  of  excel- 
lent land  in  New- York  State,  Herkemer 
county.  It  is  fouth-weft  of  Whiteftown 
6  miles,  from  which  it  was  taken,  and 
incorporated  in  1 792.  In  1 795, 4  town- 
(hips  were  taken  from  it,  viz.  Hamilton* 
Sherburne,  Brookfield,  and  Sanger!^ 
field.  It  contained,  by  the  State  cenfus 
of  1796,  .•?,459  inhabitants,  of  whom 
564  \yore  elei^ors.  Iron  ore  is  found  in 
the  vicinity  of  Paris.  Hamilton  acade- 
my is  fituated  in  this  town,  in  Clinton 
parifti,  where  alfo  a  Congregational 
church  has  lately  been  eredted,  and 
marks  of  rapid  progrefs  in  improve* 
mentf.  and  wealth  are  vilible. 

Paris,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina ;  which  fee. 

Parker's  Ifland,  in  Lincoln  co.  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  is  formed  by  the  waters 
of  Kennebeck  river  on  the  weft,  by  the 
fea  on  the  fouth,  by  ^eremyfquam  Bay 
on  the  eaft,  and  by  a  imall  ftrait,  -whicli 
divides  it  from  Arrow  lick  Ifland,  on  the 
north.  It  deiives  its  name  from  John 
Parker,  who  purchafed  ii  of  the  natives 
in  1650  ;  and  a  part  of  it  ftill  remains 
to  his  pofterity.  It  is  in  the  townfhip 
of  Georgetown  ;  which  fee. 

Parker's  River  takes  its  rife  in 
Rowley,  in  Effex  co.  MaiFachufetts, 
and,  after  a  couiie  of  a  few  miles,  pafT- 

«8 


4' 


.  ■  I '  I 


ill     il 


I' ; 


!;i 


III 
I 

i  ijill 


PAS 

«s  into  the  found  which  feparat  fs  PI  am  h- 
illand  tVom  the  main  I^nd.  It  is  navi- 
gable about  two  miles  from  its  mouth, 
where  a  bridge  t  •oiTcs  it  870  feet  long 
and  %6  feet  widt  confifting  of  folid 
piers  and  8  wooden  arches.  It  is  on 
the  poft-road  from  Bollon  eaftward, 
and  was  huilt  in  1758.  It  is  fupputicd 
by  a  toll. 

Parramorb,  oneofthefmall  iflands 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  line  the 
eaft  coall  of  Northampton  co,  Virginia. 

pARR-rowN,  a  new  and  thriving 
town  in  Nova-Scotia. 

Park's  Point,  is  the  fouth-eafl:  point 
of  Half-Moon  bay,  on  the  north-eaft 
fjdc  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's,  in 
the  Well-Indies.  The  coaft  here  is 
rodky. 

pARSONSTictD,  a  townrtiip  of  tlie 
Diftvid  of  Maine,  in  York  ,eo.  fituated 
on  the  Ncw-Hampfliire  line,  between 
Great  and  Little  OUipee  rivers  ;  and 
is  u8  miles  north  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1785,  and  contains  655 
inhabitants. 

Part  I  DO,  afmall  ifland,  under  the 
high  hill  of  St.  Martin,  in  the  foutli- 
welt  part  of  Campeachy  Gulf.  It  lies 
in  the  fairway  acrofs  the  bay  from  Gape 
Catoche  to  Vera  Cruz- 

PAR.TRiaGtFiKi-1),  a  townfliip  of 
Maflachufctts,  in  Bcrkihire  co.  a6  miles 
W.  N.  W.  of  Northampton,  and  ia8 
nvellwiKd  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1775,  aud  contains  1041  inhab- 
itants.. 

Pascagoula,  a  river  of  the  Goor- 

t"  ia  Wellern  Territory,  whith  purfues  a 
.  by  E.  courfe  dircugh  Weft-florida, 
and  empties  into  tlie  Gulf  of  M«xico, 
by  feveral  mouths,  which  together  oc- 
<:upy  a  fpace  of  3  or  4  miles ;  which  is 
one  contmued  bed  of  oyfter-ihells,  widi 
very  fhoal  water.  Tae  weilernmolt 
branch  has  4  feet  water,  and  is  the  deep- 
<ift.  After  crofling  the  bar,  there  is  from 
^  to  6  fathoms  water  for  a.grcat  ijif- 
tance,  and  the  river  is  laid  to  be  naviga- 
ble more  than  150  miles.  The  foil  on 
this  river,  like  that  on  all  the  others 
that  pafs  through  Georgia  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  grows  better  as  you 
ailvance  to  its  fource.     -  _ 

Pascagouia,  an  Indian  village  on 
the  E.  fide  of  the  river  Milfilippi,  which 
can  furniili  about  20  warriors.  It  is 
vbout  10  miles  above  the  Tonica  village. 

Pascataqua,  or  Pifcataquay  is  the 
poly  lar^c  aver,  whofe  whole  courfe  is 


P  A  « 

in  New-Hampfliire.    Its  head  is  a  pond 
in  the  N.  E.  corner  of  the  town  of 
Wakefield,  and  its  general  courfe  thence 
U)  die  fea  is  S.  S.  E.  about  40  miles. 
It  divides  Ncw-Hanip(hire  from  York 
CO.  in  the  Diilrid  of  Maine,  and  is  call- 
ed SaJmoii-Fall  river,  from  its  head,  to 
the   lower  falls  at  Berwick,  where  it 
aliumes  the  name  of  Newichawannock, 
which  it  bears  till  it  meets  with  Coche- 
cho  river,  which  comes  from  Dover, 
when  botli  run  together  in  one  channel 
to  Hiltou's  Point,  where  the  weftern 
branch  meets  it :  from  tJiis  jundtion  to 
the  fea,  the  river  is  fo  rapid  that  it  never 
freezes  ;  the  diilancc  is  7  miles,  and 
tJve   courfe  generally  from  S.  to  S.  E. 
The  weftern  branch  is  formed  by  Swam- 
Csot  rivtr,  wfiich  conies  from  Exeter, 
Winnicot  river,  wjiich  comes  through 
Gieenland,  and  Lramprey  river,  which 
divides    Newmarket    from    Durham  ; 
tJicfe  empty  into  a  bay,  4  miles  wide, 
called  the  Great  Bay.    The  water,  in 
its  further  prugrefs,  is  contracfled  into  a 
leffer  bay,  and  tlwn  it  receives  Oyftei' 
river,    whicli    runs  through  Durham, 
and  Back   river,    which  coitkes    fruin 
Dover,  and  at  length  nKets  with  the 
iTiain  ftream  at  Hilton's  Poiot.     The 
tide  rifes  into  all  thefe  bays,  and  branch- 
es  as  far  as  the  lower  falls  in  each  river» 
and  forms  a  moft  rapid  current,  fifpeci- 
ally  at  the  fciuon  of  the  fre/lx«ts,  when 
the  ebb  continwes  ahojit  twp  hours  long- 
er than  the  flood ;  ;ind  were  it  not  for 
tlie  numerous  eddies,  formed  by  the 
indentings  of  the   fhore,    the  ferries 
would  then   be  impaflabie.      At  the 
lower  fidls  in  the  feveral  branches  of 
Uie  river,  are  landing  places,  whence 
lumber  and  other  country  produce  is 
traofported,  and  veffels  or  boats  froni 
below  difcharge  their  lading  ;  fo  that 
in  each  riyer  tiiere  is  a  convenient  trad, 
ing  place,  not  more  than  la  or  15  miles 
diltant  from  Pbrtfmouth,  with  which 
there  is  conftant   communication    by 
every  tide.     Thus  the  river,  from  its 
form,  and  the  fituation  of  its  branches, 
is  /extremely  favourable  to  the  purpofes 
of  navigation  and  commerce.    A  light- 
houfe,  v/ith  a  fingle  light,  Hands  at  the 
entrance  of  Pifcauqua  harbour,  in  lat. 
43  4  N.  and  long.  70  41- 

Pasfaya,  a  jurifdidion  in  tlie  arch- 
bifhoprick  of  La  Plata,  about  40  leagues 
to  the  S.  of  die  city  of  that  name.  It 
is  mountainous,  but  abounds  in  grain^ 
pulfe,  and  fruits. 

PASquOTANK, 


ad  is  a  pond 
he  town  of 
ourle  thence 
at  40  miles, 
from  York 
,  and  is  call- 
its  head,  to 
;k,  where  it 
:hawannock, 
with  Coche- 
from  Dover, 
one  channel 
the  xveftero 
IS  junction  to 
1  that  it  never 
7  miles,  and 
n  S,  to  S.  E. 
ned  by  Sv/am- 
tVoni  Exeter, 
onics  through 
f  liver,  which 
>m    Durham  ; 
4  miles  wide. 
The  water,  in 
ntraacd  into  a 
eceives  Oyftei" 
lugh  Durham, 
i  coiAes    from 
i€€ts  with  the 
i  Point.     The 
ys,  andbranch- 
s  in  each  river, 
ujrent,  .efpeci- 
fre/liets,  when 
wp  hours  long- 
were  it  not  for 
"ormed  by  the 
e,   the  ferries 
ible.      At  the 
al  branches  of 
jlaces,  whence 
try  produce  is 
or  boats  froni 
iding ;  fo  that 
onvienient  trad. 
I  la  or  15  miles 
i,  with  which 
munication   by 
river,  from  its 
of  its  branches, 
to  the  purpofes 
erce.    A  light- 
t,  ftands  at  the 
larbour,  in  lat. 

ion  in  the  arch- 
hout  40  leagues 
that  name.  It 
)unds  in  grain, 

ASqUOTANK, 


PAS 

•  ^ASQyoTANK,  a  county  of  North- 
€flrolina,  in  Edcntoo  diltriit,  N.  ot  Al- 
bemarle Sound.  It  contains  5,497  in- 
habitants, including  1623  fiavcs. 

Pasquotank,  a  fm'all  river  of  N. 
Carolina,  which  iiles  in  the  Great  Dil- 
nial  Swamp,  and,  pulling  by  Hertford, 
falls  into  Albemarle  Sound. 

Passage  Fort,  a  ihiall  town  of  the 
Ifland  of  Jamaica,  lituated  in  the  road 
bet^veen  Port-Koyal  and  Spanifh-Town, 
7  miles  S.  E.  of  the  latter,  and  at  the 
mouth  of  Cobre  river,  where  is  a  fort 
with  10  or  12  guns.  It  has  a  brilk  trade, 
and  contains  about  400  houfes,  the 
greateft  part  of  them,  houl'es  ot  enter- 
tainment. 

Passage  (//««</ lies  acrofs  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Cobeca,  near  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico.  The 
harbour  for  fhips  is  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
ifland. 

Passage  IJlandi,  Great  and  Little, 
two  of  the  Virgin  lllands,  in  the  Welt- 
Indies,  near  the  E.  end  of  the  ifland  of 
Porto  Rico.     N.  lat.  18  ao,  W.  long. 

^4  J. 

Passage  Po'mt,  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan, lies  at  the  W.  end  of  Roval 
Reach,  and  5  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Fbr- 
tefcue's  Bay.  a.  lat,  53  45,  W.  long. 
73  40. 

Passaik,  or  Pa/aieit,  ij  a  very 
crooked  river.  It  riles  in  a  large  fwamp 
in  Morris  co.  New-Jeriey,  and  its  courie 
is  from  W.  N.  W.  to  E.  S.  E.  until  it 
mingles  with  the  Hackinfak  at  the  head 
of  Newark  Bay.  It  is  navigiible  about 
lo  miles,  and  is  230  yards  wide  at  the 
ferry.  The  cataract,  or  Great  Falls,  in 
this  river,  is  one  of  the  greateft  natural 
cuiiofities  in  the  State.  The  river  is 
about  40  yards  wide,  and  moves  in  a 
flow,  gentle  current,  until  coming  with- 
in a  Ihort  diflance  of  a  deep  cleft  in  a 
rock,  which  croffes  the  channel,  it  de- 
fcends  and  falls  above  70  feet  perpen- 
dicular, in  one  entire  fliett,  prcfenting 
a  moft  beautiful  and  tremendocs  fctne. 
The  new  manufafiuring  town  of  Pattei-- 
fon  is  ereded  on  the  Great  Falls  of  this 
river ;  and  its  banks  are  adorned  with 
many  elegant  country  li:ats.  It  abounds 
with  fifli  of  ▼arious  Idnds.  1'here  is  a 
bridge  500  feet  long,  over  this  river,, 
on  the  poft-road  from  Philadelphia  to 
New-York. 

pAssAMAquoDDY,  a  bay  and  river, 
near  which  is  the  divifion  line  between 
the  Britifli  province  of  New-Bruufwick 


PA  T 

and  the  United  States  of  America.  The 
ifland  of  Canipo  Beilo,  in  the  N.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  is  at  the  middle  or  W.  paf- 
lage  of  the  bay,  in  lat.  44  50  N.  and 
long.  66  46  W.  The  diflancc  from 
Crofs  Iflc,  Machias,  to  Welt  Paflama- 
tjuoddy  Head,  is  9  itagucs  N.  E.  by  E  j 
and  from  the  Head  over  the  bar  to  Al- 
len's ifle  N.  N.  W.  2  leagues.  When 
you  come  from  the  S.  W.  and  are  bound 
fnto  Wefl  Pallamaqucddy,  you  niuft 
give  the  Seal  Rocks  a  birth  of  three 
(liiarters  of  a  mile  before  you  haul  in 
from  the  harbour,  as  there  is  a  whiil- 
pool  to  the  eaftward  of  them,  'jhe 
bay  is  about  a  league  from  this  point. 
It  IS  high  water  here  at  full  and  change 
of  the  moon,  about  the  fame  time  as  a. 
Boflon.  There  are  3  rivers  which  fall 
into  this  bay ;  the  largeft  is  called  by 
the  modern  Indians,  the  Scoodick  ;  but 
by  Dc  Mons  and  Champlaine,  Etchc- 
minF.  Its  main  fource  is  near  Penobicot 
river,  and  tlie  carrying-place  between 
the  two  rivers  is  but  3  miles.  Ece  i\'i;-<n'- 
Ena'fivick.  The  mouth  of  Pafiama- 
quoddy  river  has  25  fathoms  wiitcr. 

Passamaquoddy  Pijl-Ojficc,  on  the 
above  defcribed  bay,  is  kept  at  a  little 
village  at  the  mouth  of  Coblcook  river,. 
17  miles  this  fide  Brcwei's,  theealleni- 
moft  pofl-oHice  in  the  United  States,  20 
N.  E.  of  Machias,  378  N. E.  of  Boflon, 
and  728  in  a  hke  dirc^ion  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Passamaquoddies,  a  tribe  of  In- 
dians who  inhabit  near  the  waters  of 
Pafianiaquoddy  Bay. 

PAS6AO,acapeon  the  coaf3:of  Peru, 
on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  under  the 
equator.    Long.  78  50  W. 

Passo  Magno,  ariverof  Fi'^rida,  in 
lat.  36  N. 

Paesumpsick,  a  fmall  river  of  Ver- 
mont, runs  a  fouthern  courfe  and  emptias 
into  Conne(5licut  river,  beiow  the  Fif- 
teen Mile  Falls,  in  the  town  of  Barnet. 

Passyunk,  a  tcwnfhip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Pasto,  or  i'/.  Juan  de  Pt^Jto,  a  towr^ 
of  Popayan  in  S.  America.  >*.  lau  i 
50,  W.  long.  76  5S' 

Patagoa,  a  river  on  tlie  coaft  of 
Brazil,  which  enters  the  ocean  S.  \V. 
of  Rio  Jancira. 

Patagonia,  a  country  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, litde  known,  extcndmg  from  :i,s  to 
near  54  S.  lat.  being  iioo  miies  long, 
and  upwards  of  300  broad,  lying  S.  of 
ChUi  and  Paraguay,     The  E.  coull  is 

generally 


f 


t>  AT 

giincrally  low,  but  has  few  good  har- 
bourt ;  that  of  St.  Julun  it  one  of  the 
bell.  It  is  fo  called  from  Paiag$ns,  a 
principal  tribe  of  its  inhabitants.  There 
is  no  tin))Kr  in  tbe  ibuth  parts,  though 
the  noitli  parts  contain  an  immcnfc 
quiintity,  and  numerous  docks  of  cuttle. 

Patapsco,  a  nurigablc  river  of  Ma- 
ryland, which  empties  from  the  N.  W. 
into  Chei'apeak  Bay  ;  its  mouth  being 
formed  by  Nortlt  Point,  and  Bodkin 
Point  on  the  Ibuth,  which  laft  is  in  lat. 
19  8  30  N.  It  rifes  in  York  co.  Penn- 
iylvania,  and  purines  a  S.  and  S.  £. 
courl'e  till  it  reaches  Elkridge  Landing, 
about  8  miles  S.  W.  of  Baltimore ;  it 
there  turns  eaftwardly  over  falls,  and 
widens  into  a  broad  bay-like  flream  to 
its  mouth.  It  is  about  30  or  40  yards 
wide  jurt  before  "  ommunicates  with 
tlie  bafon  on  which  Ihnds  the  large 
commercial  town  of  Baltimore.  The 
iirlt  difcoverer  called  it  Bolus  river, 
from  tlie  red  earth  found  near  it^  re- 
fembling  bole-ammoniac.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  vedels  drawing  18  feet  water  to 
Fell's  Point  at  Baltimore  ;  but  the  falls 
a  little  above  Elkridge  Landing,  pre- 
vents the  navigation  farther. 

PatavIrca,  k  ^own  of  Peru,  in  the 
jurifdiAion  of  Saiita,  or  Guarmey,  con- 
fiding of  about  60  houfes.  It  lies  on 
the  road  leading  from  Paita  to  Lima,  67 
Iniles  north  of  that  city.  About  three 
quarters  of  a  league  from  this  town,  and 
near  the  fea-coalt,  are  ftill  remaining 
fome  huge  walls  of  unburnt  bricks,  be- 
ing the  ruins  of  a  ir^alace  of  one  of  the 
Indian  princes.  Its  lituatiop  correfponds 
with  the  tradition  :  having  on  one  (ide, 
a  moft  fertile  ar  1  delightful  country, 
and  on  the  other,  the  tefrefhing  prof- 
pe£l  of  the  fea. 

Pataz,  a  jurifdi(ftion  in  the  diocefe 
of  Truxillo,  in  S>  America.  It  is  fitu- 
ated  among  the  mountains,  and  has  a 
variety  of  produds  ]  of  which  gold  is 
the  chief. 

Pathhuca,  or  Pathca,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  in  N.  America,  having  a  (ilver 
mine  in  its  vicinity.  N.  lat.  ai>  W. 
long.  99  58. 

Patience,  an  ifland  in  Narraganfet 
Bay,  Rhode-Ifland,  and  lies  fouth-eaft 
of  Warwick  Neck,  three-fourths  of  a 
mile.  It  is  about  a  miles  long,  and  z 
broad. 

Patowmack,  or  Potovtack,  a  large 
and  noble  river  which  riles  by  a  branch- 
es, tho  northern  and  th«  fouthern,  which 


originate  in  and  near  the  Alleghany 
Mounuins.and  forms,  through  its  whole 
courfe,  part  of  the  boundary  between 
the  S  itcs  of  Virginia  and  Maryland. 
Its  courfc  is  N.  lii.  to  Fon  Cumberland, 
thence  turning  to  the  £.  it  receives 
Conecoch^ague  Crtek  from  Pennfylva- 
nia ;  then  purfuing  a  Ibuth-eaft  courfe,  it 
receives  the  Shenandoah  from  the  S.  W. 
after  this  it  runs  a  S.  K.  and  S.  courfe, 
till  it  reaches  Maryland  Point ;  thence 
to  its  mouth  it  runs  fouth-eaderly.  In 
its  courfe  it  receives  feveral  conliderable 
ftreams,  which  are  defcribed  under  their 
refpeftive  heads.  The  diftance  from 
the  Capes  of  Virginia  to  the  termination 
of  the  tide  water  in  this  river  is  abovv? 
300  miles ;  and  navigable  for  (hips  of 
the  greateft  burden,  nearly  that  diftance. 
From  thence  this  river,  obflrufled  by 

4  condderabie  falls,  extends  through  a 
yall  tra£t  of  inhabited  country  towards 
its  fourcc.  Early  in  the  year  1785,  the 
legiflatures  of  Virginia  and  Maryland 
palled  hAs  to  encourage  opening  the 
navigation  of  this  river.  It  was  eltima- 
ted  that  the  expenfc  of  the  Works  would 
amount  to  jC5o,ooo  flerling,  and  lo 
years  were  allowed  for  their  complc- 
tion.  Great  part  is  already  Hnilhed  ) 
and  the  whole  it  is  expected  will  be  com- 
pleted within  two  years  from  March^ 
1796,  according  to  the  report  of  the 
engineers  to  the  Patowmack  Company. 
This  noble  river  pafFes  by  many  flouriln- 
ing  towns  $  the  chief  of  which  are^ 
Shepherdftown,  Georgeftown,  Wafh- 
ington  City)  Alexandria,  New-Mar!- 
borough,  and  Charleftown,  or  Port  To- 
bacco- It  is  7$  miles  wide  at  its  mouth ; 
4I  at  Nomony  Bay  ;  3  at  Aquia ;  lA  at 
Hallooing  Point ;  and  li  at  Alexandria. 
Its  foundings  are  7  fathoms  at  the  mouth ; 

5  at  St.  Georgtt's  Idand  ;  4^  at  Lower 
Matchodic  }  3  at  Swan's  Point,  and 
thence  up  to  Alexandria.  The  tides  in 
the  river  are  not  very  flrong,  excepting 
after  great  rains,  when  the  ebb  is  pretty 
ftrong ;  then  there  is  little  or  no  flood, 
and  were  is  never  more  than  4  or  5 
hour's  flood,  except  widi  long  and 
ftrong  foudx  winds.  In  order  to  form 
juA  conceptions  of  this  inland  naviga- 
tion, it  would  be  requifite  to  notice  the 
long  rivers  which  empty  into  the  Pa- 
towmack, and  furvcv  the  geographical 
polition  of  the  weftern  waters.  Th*; 
difbincc  of  Ae  waters  of  the  Ohio  tci 
Patowmack,  will  be  from  Jifteen  \ofort-j 
miles,  according  to  the  trouble  which 

wUi 


1?  A  T 


i»  A  U 


e  Alleghant 
ugh  its  whole 
jry  between 
d  Maryland. 
Cumberland, 
;.  it  receives 
m  Pennfylva- 
•caft  courfe,  it 
romtheS.W. 
and  S.  courfe, 
c'oint ;  thence 
-eafteiW.     1" 
il  confiacrable 
)ed  under  their 
diftance  from 
he  termination 
river  is  above 
le  for  (hips  ot 
y  that  diftance. 
'  obftrufted  by 
ends  through  a 
ountry  towards 

year  I785»'-'^^ 
and  Maryland 
K  opening  the 
It  was  ellima- 
he  Works  would 
terling,  and  lo 
,r  their  comple- 
ready  finilhed  ) 
fted  will  be  com- 
rs  from  Marchj 
e  report  of  the 
mack  Company, 
jy  many  flounih- 
■  of  which   arej 
geftown,  Walh- 
ria,  New-Mar.- 
)wn,orPortTo- 
ide  at  its  mouth  5 
iatAquia;  li.at 
i  at  Alexandria, 
oms  at  the  mouth; 
nd ;  4h  at  Lower 
ran's  Point,  and 
ia.    The  tides  in 
ftrong,  excepting 
the  ebb  is  pretty 
little  or  no  flood, 
ore  than  4  or  5 
witli  long  and 
In  order  to  form 
lis  inland  naviga- 
lifite  to  notice  the 
ipty  into  the  Pa- 
the  geograplucai 
:rn  waters.    Th'" 
_3  of  the  Ohio  to 
om  fifteen  \o  forty 
;he  trouble  which 
wui 


^ill  be  taken  to  approach  the  two  navi> 
gations.  The  upper  part  of  this  river, 
until  it  paffes  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  called, 
ib  Fry  and  Jefferlbn's  map,  Cohongnronto. 

Patrick's,  St.  a  fmall  town,  the 
chief  of  Camden  co.  Georgia,  lituated 
on  Oreat  Satilla  river,  about  32  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  the  fame  diftance 
north-wefterly  of  the  town  of  St.  Mary's. 

Patterson,  a  town  in  Bergen  co. 
New-Jerfey,  called  fo  in  honour  of  the 
governor  of  the!  State  of  that  name,  and 
now  one  of  the  judges  of  the  ilipreme 
federal  court.  It  was  eftablifht-d  in  con- 
sequence of  an  aQ.  of  the  legiflature  of 
New-Jerfey,  in  1791,  incorporating  a 
manufadluring  conipany  with  peculiar 
privileges.  Its  lituation  on  the  Great 
Falls  of  Paflaic  river,  is  healthy  and 
agreeable.  It  now  contains  about  50 
dwelling-houfes,  independent  of  thofe 
appropriated  for  the  machinery ;  and  it 
is  certainly  one  of  the  moft  convenient 
iituations  for  a  manufadluring  town,  of 
any  on  the  continvflt.  This  company 
was  incorporated  to  encourage  all  kinds 
of  manufadlures,  and  the  fum  of  ^00,000 
dolls,  was  foon  lubl'cribcd ;  but  tor  want 
of  experience,  and  a  proper  knowledge 
cf  the  bulinefs,  much  was  expended  to 
little  purpofe }  and  they  were  at  laft 
reduced  to  the  neceflity  of  having  re- 
courfe  to  a  lottery  to  ainft  them  in  car- 
rying tlieir  plan  into  execution^  It  is  iiiid 
that  matters  are  now  conduced  more 
judicioufly,  and  that  the  undertaking 
promifes  to  be  ufeful  to  the  public,  and 
beneficial  to  the  proprietors.  It  is  it) 
miles  Ni  E»  of  Morriftown,  10  N.  of 
Newark,  and  laoN.E.by  N.of  Philadel- 
phia.   N.  lat.  40  i2>  Wv  long.  74  57; 

Patucket,  a  fmall  village  about  4 
miles  N.  E.  of  Providence,  a  bufy  place 
of  confiderable  trade,  and  where  man- 
ufaAures  of  ieveral  kinds  are  carried  on 
with  fpirit.  Through  this  village  runs 
Patucket,  or  Pawtucket  river,  which 
empties  into  Seekhonk  river  at  this 
place.  The  river  Patucket,  called  rtiore 
northerly  Blackftone's  river,  has  a  beau- 
tiful fell  of  water,  direftly  over  which, 
A  bridge  has  been  built  on  the  line, 
which  divides  the  commonwealth  of 
MafTachufetts  from  the  State  of  Rhode- 
llland  ;  diftant  about  40  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Bofton.  The  confluent  ftream  emp- 
ties into  providence  river  about  a  mile 
below  WeybofTettj  or  the  Great  Bridge. 
The  fall,  in  its  whole  length,  is  upwards 
of  fifty  fcdt ;   and  the  water  paifss 


through  feveral  cliafms  in  a  rock,  which* 
extending  diametrically  acrofs  the  bed 
of  the  ftream,  lerves  as  a  dam  to  the 
water.  Several  niilh  have  been  erected 
upon  thefe  falls  {  and  the  f pouts  and 
channels  which  have  been  conftiucHed 
to  conduct  the  ftreams  to  their  refiiec- 
tive  wheels,  and  the  bridge,  have  uken 
very  much  fi'om  the  beauty  and  gratw 
deur  of  the  fcene ;  which  would  otiier- 
wife  have  been  indefcribably  charming 
and  romantic. 

Patuxent»  or  Patuxet,  a  navigable 
river  of  Maryland,  which  rifcs  near  the 
fource  of  Patapfco  river,  and  empties 
into  the  W.  iide  of  Cheiapeak  Bay« 
between  Drum  and  Hog  Illand  Points, 
15  or  30  miles  N.  of  thu  mouth  of  the 
Patowmac.  It  admits  ve/Iels  of  250 
tons  to  Nottingham,  neaiiy  40  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  of  boats  to  Queen 
Anne,  11  miles  higher.  Patuxent  is  as 
remarkable  a  river  as  any  in  the  bay, 
having  very  high  land  on  its  north  fide, 
with  red  banks  or  cliffs.  When  you 
double  Drum  Point,  you  come  too  in  2  jif 
and  3  fathoms  water,  where  you  will  be 
fceure  from  all  winds. 

PAucAR-CoLLA,ajurifdi<5tionin  the 
biihoprick  of  La  Paz,  in  South-America, 
bordering  on  Chuculto.  It  is  lituated 
in  the  mountains,  and  abounds  in  cattle. 
The  air  is  here  very  cold.  The  filver 
mine  here  called  Laycacota,  was  for- 
merly fo  rich,  that  the  metal  was  often 
cut  out  with  a  chiilel;  but  the  waters 
having  overflowed  the  works,  it  is  aban- 
donedi 

PaItc  art  AMBOj  ajurifdii^ion  of  the 
diocefe  uf  Coico,  in  S.  America.  It  is 
very  fruitful,  and  lies  80  leagues  eaft- 
wai  d  of  the  city  of  Gulco. 

Paukatuck,  a  Imall  river  which 
empties  into  Stonington  harbour,  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  divifion  line  between 
Gonneifticut  and  Rhode-Iiland. 

PAtj l's  Bay,  St,  on  the  N.  W.  fhoie 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  N.  Ameri- 
ca, is  about  6  leagues  below  Cape  Tor- 
ment, where  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
400  leagues  in  length  terminate  tiom 
the  weftwardi 

Paul's  Bav,  Sti  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  Newfoundland  iQand.  N.  lat.  49  jOf 
W.  long,  5755.  ..... 

Paul's  Island,  St.  an  ifland  m  the 
ftrait  between  Newfoundland  and  Capo 
Breton  iflands.  It  is  about  15  miles 
nortli-eaft  of  North  Gape,  in  Gape  Bre- 
ton.   W.  lat.  47  13,  W.  long.  60 .», 

Paul, 


''   i 


f  {  •■ 


'  1 1 


^mu 


^'a 


Paul,  Si.  a  town  of  Brazil,  S.  Ainer* 
icai  in  the  captaiuiliip  ot°  iit.  Vinceat. 
It  is  a  kind  of  an  independent  republic, 
conipofcd  of  tbc  banditti  of  feveral  na- 
tiuQS.  However,  they  pay  a  tribute  oi 
gold  to  the  king  of  PortugaL  It  is  fur- 
rounded  by  inaccefBblc  mountains  and 
thick  tbrelts.  S.lat.«.3  25,  W.long.45  51. 

Paul,  Si.  a  towii  of  N.  America,  in 
New-Mexico,  (ituutcd  ut  the  conilatincc 
of  the  two  muin  head  brancltcs  of  tlic 
Rio  Bravo. 

Paul,  5/.  the  moft  foutlierly  of  the 
Pearl  Iflands,  in  the  gulf  of  Punamu, 
S.  America.  In  the  north  lide  is  a  fate 
channel ;  where,  if  necefiary,  tliece  is  a 
place  for  careening  (hips. 

Paul's,  S/.a  paiiih  inCharlefton  dif- 
tridl,  S.  Carohna,  containing  3,433  "^- 
habitants ;  of  whom  276  are  whites,  aad 
3,10a  (laves. 

PAULiNosTOWN.or  i'tf'iy//«.?,atown- 
ihip  in  Dutchefs  co.  New-York,  lying 
on  the  weftern  boundary  of  Conneiti- 
cut,  and  has  South  and  £aft  Town  on 
thefouth.  In  1790,  it  contained  4>33o 
inhabitants,  of  whom  4*  were  flavc' 
In  1796,  there  were  560  of  the  inliabi 
ants  qualified  eledors. 

Paul  IN 'sir///.    Set  Sujex  co.  Nti<w- 

Paulsburgh,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
toa  CO.  Ncw-Hamplhire,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Amonoofuck  river,  and  thro' 
which  paiTes  Androfcoggin  river. 

Paulus  /fooi,  in  Bergen  co.  New- 
Jerfey,  is  on  the  well  bank  of  Hudfon 
river,  oppofitc  New- York  city,  where 
the  river  is  4,000  yards  wide.  Here  is 
the  ferry,  which  is  peihaps  more  ufad 
than  any  odier  in  the  United  States, 
This  was  a  fortified  poft  in  the  late 
war.  In  1780  the  froft  was  fo  intenfe, 
that  the  pafTage  acrofs  the  river  here 
was  pradt'cable  for  the  heaviefl  cannon. 

Pawlet,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  having  1,458  inhabitants.  It 
ftands  on  the  New-York  line,  has  Wells 
on  the  north,  and  Rupert  in  Bennington 
CO.  on  the  foutli,  and  is  watered  by  Paw- 
let  river,  which  joins  Wcxsd  creek  and 
the  confluent  flream,  falls  in  South  Bay 
at  Fiddler's  Elbow.  H-r/flack  moun- 
tain is  in  this  townfhip. 

Pawtuckbt  i'W//,  in  Merrimack 
fiver,  arc  in  the  townfhip  of  Dracut. 

Pawtuxet,  a  village  in  the  town- 
fhip of  Cranfton,  Providence  co.  Rhode- 
liland. 

PAXA1105,  an  Ifland  oa  the  coaft  of 


California,  tn  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  Kr 
lat.  30  \tt  W.  long.  J  JO  45. 

Pa  XT  ON,  Upper  and  Lo^tr,  two 
townfhips  in  Dauphin  co.  Pennfylvania. 

PaxtoH,  a  townfhip  of  Maflkchu- 
fctts,  fituutcd  in  Worcefter  cu.  8  miles 
weft  of  Worccfttr,  and  55  fowth-weft- 
erly  of  Boflon.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1765,  and  contains  558  inhabitants. 

Pa  Y  J  A  N ,  a  fraall  town  in  the  jurifdic- 
tioii  of  Truxillo,  in  Peru,  8  leagues  S. 
of  St.  Pedix). 

Pa  V  a  ABA,  a  town  and  captainfhip 
in  the  northern  divifion  of  Brazil. 

Pa  VTA,  or  PuHa,  afniall  fea-portof 
Quito  on  the  coall  of  Peru,  with  an  ex- 
cellent harbour,  u  Icagufs  north  of  the 
ifland  called  Lobos  de  Payta.  Ships 
from  Acapulco,  S<;.)lbnnate,  Realeijo^ 
and  Panama,  to  Callao,  can  only  touch 
and  refrefh  here )  and  the  lengtli  of 
their  voyages,  by  reafon  of  th:  winds 
being  moft  of  the  year  againft  tlicni, 
oceafions  the  port  to  be  very  much  fre- 
quented. Yet  fo  parched  is  the  fitua- 
'on  of  Payta,  that  it  affords  little  be- 

les  fiih,  a  few  goats  and  frefli  water ; 
ir  chief  provilions  being  furniflied  by 
v,olan  and  Piura,  the  one  -),  and  the  oth- 
er 14  leagues  difVant.  I'he  bay  is  de« 
fended  by  a  fort,  and  it  is  fo  lituated 
that  even  mufkcts  alone  can  hinder  boats 
from  landing,  being  under  a  pretty  high 
hill,  on  the  iiunmit  of  which  is  another 
fort,  that  commands  the  town  and  low- 
er fort.  It  had  only  a  foic  with  Sguns, 
wbenCommodoie  Anfon  took  it  in  1741. 
He  burnt  the  town,  in  which  was  mer- 
chandize to  the  value  of  a  million  and 
a  Italf  of  dollarsr  becaufe  the  governor 
refufed  to  ranfom  it.  TIm:  plunder,  m 
dollars  and  plate,  amounted  to /|tn,oco 
flerling.  It  was  plundered  andi  burnt 
by  Capt.  Cwendifli,  in  1587,  and  by 
George  Spilbv.'-Q[  in  16 15.  There  is  an- 
chorage in  lo^  fathoms  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  thv  lOwn.  S.  lat.  j  ij, 
W.  long.  80  55. 

Paz,  Lay  a  fmaH  jurifdiftion  of  the 
audience  of  Charcas,  in  Peru,  S.  Amer- 
ica. It  ts  fituatcd  in  the  mountains,  one 
of  which,  called  Illimani,  contains,  in 
all  human  probability^  immenfe  riches, 
for  a  cTag  of  it  being  broken  ofF  fome 
years  fince  by  a  flafh  of  lightning,  fuch 
a  quantity  of  gold  was  found  arnoog  the 
fragments,  that  it  was  fold  for  fome 
time  at  La  Paz  for  eight  pieces  of  eight 
per  ounce.  But  the  f,ummit  pf  thi)  moun- 
toia  bcins  peip^ually  covered  with  ice 

aad 


ic  Ocesu».  K« 

\5' 
Lo'Wtr,  two 

Pennfylvania. 

of  Mafl'achu- 

er  CO.  8  miles 

J  5  fovuh-weft- 

ncorporated  in 

nhitbiuntg. 

in  the  jurifdic- 

,  8  leagues  S. 

nd  captainlhip 
ji  Brazil. 
niiiU  fea-portof 
;iu,with  an  ex- 
iles north  of  the 
Payta.    Ships 
wate,  RealtfUO/ 
can  only  t»uch 
the  length  of 
m  of  th:  winds 
r  again  ft  tlicm, 
:  very  much  fre- 
hed  is  the  (Itua- 
afFords  little  bc- 
ind  freOi  water ; 
sing  furnillied  by 
le  ^,  and  the  oth- 
I'he  bay  is  d*:* 
it  is  fo  liiuated 
.can  hinder  boau 
der  a  pretty  high 
which  is  another 
le  town  and  low- 
foiewith  Sguns, 
Dntookitini74i» 
which  was  mer- 
of  a  million  and 
ufe  the  governor 
The  plunder,  m 

anted  to  jCjojOOo 
idered  and  burnt 
in  1587.  and  by 
15-  There  is  an- 
>ras  about  a  mile 
wn.    S.  lat.  5  ij, 

utifdiaion  of  the 
in  Peru,  S.  Amer- 
lie  mountains,  one 
mani,  contains,  in 
,  immenfe  riches, 
broken  ofF  fome 
of  lightning,  foch 
8  found  among  the 
,'as  fold  for  iomc 
Tht  pieces  of  eight 
mmitpfthi^moun- 
^  covered  with  ice 
aad 


SEA. 

«nd  fnow,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to 
open  a  mine. 

Paz,  La^  a  city  of  Peru,  and  capital 
of  the  above  iurifaiiftion,  it  (ituatcd  caft- 
ward  of  the  lake  Titiaca,  on  the  fide  of 
a  valley,  aujong  the  breaches  of  the 
mountains,  thioi'gh  which  a  pretty 
large  river  flows.  In  fir.fliets,  the  cur- 
rent of  the  river  forces  along  huge  maf- 
ies  of  rocks,  with  fiimc  grains  of  gold. 
In  tlie  year  1 7jo,  an  Indian,  while  wafh- 
ing  his  feet  in  the  river,  fovind  a  lump 
ofgold  of  fuch  a  fize,  thnt  the  Marqtiis 
de  CaHol  Fuerte  gave  ia,ooo  pieces  of 
eight  for  it,  and  fcnt  it  to  Spain  as  a  prcf* 
<nt  worthy  the  curiofityof  his  fovcreign. 
This  city  conuiins  bcfides  the  cathedral, 
niany  public  edifices,  and  about  zo,ooo 
inhabitants.  It  is  180  railcs  north  of 
La  l*lata,  and  350  foutli-caft  of  Cufco. 
S.  lau  15  59,  W.long.  64  3c. 

Kazaro,  acapc  of  N.  America,  on 
the  W.  fide  of  the  peninlula  of  Califor- 
nia, towards  the  Ibuth  end  of  it,  in  about 
lat.  S4  N.  and  lon^.  ■  13  W. 

Pazquaro,  a  lake  in  Mexico,  or 
New-Spain. 

Peace,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  No- 
va-Scotia, a  little  to  the  fuuthward  of 
Mirachi  Point. 

PsACHAM,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  lies  W.of  Barnet  on  Con- 
nedicut  river.  It  contains  365  inhabit- 
ants. 

Peacock,  a  townfhip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Peaks  of  Otter  arc  thought  to  be 
the  highell  part  of  the  Blue  Kidgc,  or 
perhaps  any  other  in  North-America, 
meafuring^  from  their  bafe.  The  height 
la  4,000  t€et ;  which,  however,  is  not 
«e-fifth  of  the  height  of  the  mountains 
of  South-America. 

Pearl,  a  fmall  ifle  or  fhoal  in  the 
Wtll-Indies,  in  lat.  14  53  N.  and  tong. 

n  13  w. 

Pearl,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, towards  the  mouth  of  the  Mifilfippi, 
a  few  leagues  froin  Dauphin  Ifland  ; 
about  6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  4  in 
breadth. 

Pearl.  Jfuvidjt  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
called  alfo  King  lOands,  iituated  in  the 
S.  Pacific,  Ocean.  They  are  1 1  leagues 
60m  the  city  of  Panama.  They  are 
Ibw.  and  prod!ucc  wooti,  waicr,  fruit, 
fowls  and  hogs ;  they  alfo  afford  good 
harbours  for  Ihips.  Tho  northernmoft 
is  named  Pachea ;  the  fouthernmoft  St. 
Ewl's.    N.  lilt,  7.  i:o»  VV.  long.  81  4j. 


P  E  JD 

Pearl,  a  river  which  rifcs  in  the 
Chaftaw  country,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  a  louthcrly  courie  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  navigable 
upwards  of  150  miles.  Irs  principn! 
mouths  are  near  the  entrance  at  the  E- 
end  of  the  Regolcts,  through  which  is 
the  paflagc  to  Lake  Ponchartrain.  If 
has  7  feet  at  its  entrance,  and  deep 
water  afterwards.  In  1769,  there  werr 
fome  fefttements  on  this  river,  where 
they  riiifed  tobacco,  indigo,  cotton,  rice, 
Indian  corn,  and  all  forts  of  vepct,ihles. 
The  l;md  produces  a  variety  cf  timl)er, 
fit  lor  pipe  and  hojr.fhead  ftavcs,  mart?, 
yards,  and  all  kinds  of  plank  for  (hip- 
building. 

Pearn's  Point,  on  the  W.  ftde  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  the  W.  fide 
of  Mufketo  Cove.  Off  it  are  the  Five 
Iflands. 

Pedef.,  a  river  which  rifes  in  N.  Ca- 
rolina, where  it  is  called  Yadkin  river. 
In  S.  Carolina  it  takes  the  name  of 
Pedee  ;  and  receiving  the  waters  of 
Lynche's  Creek,  Little  Pedee,  and 
Black  river,  it  joins  the  Wakkamaw 
river,  near  Georgetown.  Thefe  united 
Ureams,  with  the  icceflton  of  a  fmaU 
creek  on  which  Georgetown  ftands, 
form  WinyawBay,  which,  about  i  a  miles 
below,  communicates  witJi  the  ocean. 

Pedra  Shoaltf  in  the  Weft-Indics, 
extend  from  lat.  t^  lo  to  30  N.  and 
from  long.  79  9  to  79  17  W. 

PtDRAS  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
is  7  leagues  E.  8.  E.  from  the  ftrait  of 
St.  John's  Ifland,  and  75  from  Cape 
North.  Alio  a  point  on  the  fame  coaft 
10  leagues  W.  N.W.  of  Brandihi  Bay. 

PEDRA8,ariveronthe  N.W.  fide  of 
Punta  des  Pedras,  at  the  fouthern  ex- 
tremity of  Amazon  river. 

Pedro,  St.  a  towri  in  the  jurifdi<fl:ion 
of  Lambeyque,  in  Peru,  confiding  of 
r3o  iioufes,  moftly  inhabited  by  Indian 
families.  It  is  wafhed  by  the  river 
Pacafmayo,  which  renders  'he  country 
rouhd  very  fertile.  It  is  fcated  near 
the  S.Sea,  20  leagues  from  Lambeyque. 
S.  lat.  7  %$  49,  W.  long.  78  to  15. 

Pkdro,  St.  one  of  the  Marquefas 
Idards,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  called 
by  the  natives  Onatevo;  it  is  about  ,| 
leagudfe  in  circuit,  and  lies  S.  4^  leagues 
from  the  E.  end  of  La  Dominica.  S. 
lat.  9  58,  W.  long.  158  30. 

PT;r.RO,  St.  a  town  of  New-Mexico, 
N.  America,  fituated  on  the  S.  (ide  of 
Cuval  river,  near  tlic  confluence  of  that 
•  ■    -^  c  ••'  "'•   •  ■  ■      river 


.•■I 


ill 


P  E  I, 

river  with  the  Colora/.a.  The  united 
ftfep  m  runs  a  fhort  way  fouthward,  and 
fal!<  into  the  north  part  of  the  Gulf  of 
California. 

Pbdro  Point f  Great f  is  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  ifjand  of  Jamaica.  From 
Pprtland  Point  to  this  point  the  courfe 
is  W.  by  N.  about  ii  leagues.  Aboqt 
S.  I  £.  diftance  14  leagues  fron^  Point 
Pedro,  Hes  thp  eafternmoft  Pedro  Key. 

Pedro,  Little  Pointy  on  the  S.  coaft 
of  the  fame  ifland,  lies  E.  of  Great  Pe- 
dro Point,  within  a  (hoal  partly  dry ; 
but  has  s  fathoms  within  and  10  op  the 
outer  edge  of  it. 

Pedro  Po'mtt  St.  on  the  coaf^.  of  Chi- 
li, is  8  leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  Point  Qudar, 
and  14  S.  S.  W.  of  Cape  Galera.  Port 
^t.  Pedro  is  contiguous  to  this  point. 

Pedro,  Port  St.  is  fituated  S,  W.  of 
tlie  Illand  of  St.  Catherine,  and  on  the 
ti.  £.  coaft  of  Brazil)  at  ^1^  entrance  of 
the  river  La  Plata. 

Pedro  Rivert  St.  runs  weftwJ^rd  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  mouth  is  in 
about  lat,  21  N.  and  long.  98  W. 

Peek's-Kill,  a  fmalT  poftrtown  in 
Weft-Chefter  co.  New- York,  on  the  E. 
Ijde  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  N.  fide  of 
the  creek  of  its  name,  5  r"iles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  to  miles  fjuth  of  Fi(h- 
JCiil,  and  50  northerly  of  New-York. 
In  the  winter  of  178c,  Gen.  Wajhington 
encamped  on  the  ftrong  grounds  in  this 
vicinity. 

Pegunnock,  a  north-weft?>  n  branch 
of  Paflaik  river,  in  New-Jerfe\  which 
riles  in  Suflex  co.  _  The  towi)  of  its 
pame  lies  between  it  and  Rockaway, 
another  branch  fouth  of  this  river,  N. 
\V.  of  Moniftown. 

pEjEpscoT,  or  Pejipjkaeg  Falls ^  in 
Androfcoggin  river.  See  Kennebeck  Riv- 
er* &c. 

PbLKsoK,  a  name  fometicoes  applied 
to  Clinch  River  ;  which  fee. 

Pelham,  a  townlhip  of  Mi^lTachu- 
fetts,  in  Hampfhire  co.  i%  miles  north- 
cafterly  of  Northampton,  and  85  weft 
of  IVofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 74a, 
gnd  pontaiiis  1040  inhabitants. 

Pel  HAM,  a  townlhip  of  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hampniire,  fituated  on  the 
ibutli  State  lino,  which  feparates  it  from 
pracut  in  Mall'achufetts.  It  lies  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Beaver  river,  30  miles  fouth- 
xyerterly  of  Exeter,  and  36  N.  of  Bof- 
^on.  It  was  incorporated  in  1746,  and 
f:ontains  791  inhabitants. 

Pelhajj,  a  towafl^ip  of  Ncyir-York, 


P  E  M-  ' 

fituated  in  Weft-Chefter  co.  bounded 
foutherly  and  eafterly  by  the  Sound, 
northerly  by  the  north  bounds  of  th« 
manor  ofPelljam,  including  New-City, 
Hart,  jindApplefhy's  Jflands.  It  con^. 
tains  199  inhabitants  j  of  whom  a;  are 
eleftors,  and  38  Haves. 

Pelican,  Great  *  an  ifland  a  mile 
long  and  very  narrow*  eaft  of  the  Bay 
of  Mobile  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its> 
concav^  fide  is  towards  the  eaft  end  of 
Dauphin  Ifland.  Hawk's  Bay  lies  be- 
tween thefe  two  iflands.  Little  Pelican 
IJlanfl  is  a  ^mall  fand  key,  fouth-eaft  of 
Great  Pelican.  Its  eaftern  curve  meets  a 
large  Ihoal  extending  from  Mobile  Point. 

Pelican  IJlandsy  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  are  fituated  off 
the  point  fo  called,  weftward  of  Port- 
Royal  harbour. 

PELICAN,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  ibuth- 
weft  point  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua. 

Pelican  Rocks  lie  in  Runaway  Bay, 
on  the  weft  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Anti- 
gua, towards  the  north-w?ft.  They  lie 
under  water,  and  are  very  dangerous. 

Pelican  Shoalst  fmall  patches  of 
fand-banks  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
fhore  of  the  fouth-weft  cOaft  of  the  ifl^ 
and  of  Barbadoes. 

Pemaquid,  a  bay  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
Lincoln  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine.  It  lies, 
eaft  of  Sheepfcot  river,  and  contains  ^ 
number  of  illands,  mapy  of  which  are 
under  cultivation. 

Femaqjjid  Point t  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  above  bay,  lies  a  miles  eaft  of 
Booth  Bay,  and  about  4  leagues  north- 
weft  of  Menhegan  Ifland.  N.  lat.  44 
5,  W.  long.  69. 

Pemagon,  a  letticment  of  the  Dii» 
tri(ft  of  Maine,  7  miles  fiom  Denncy's 
river,  and  14  from  Moofe  Ifland. 

Pembroke,  a  townfliip  of  Maflkchu- 
fctts,  in  Plymouth  co.  31  miles  fouth 
by  eaft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporate 
in  1 71 2,  and  contains  1954  inhabitants. 
It  lies  18  miles  from  the  moudi  of  North 
river :  and  vefTels  of  300  tons  have  been 
built  here.    See  North  River. 

Pembroke,  the  Huncook  of  the  In- 
dians, a  townfliip  of  New-Hampihire, 
in  Rockingham  co.  on  the  eaft  fide  or' 
M'^rriniack  river,  oppolite  to  Concord. 
It  lies  upon  two  fmall  rivers,  Bowcook 
and  Suncook,  which  run  a  fouth-by-weft 
courfe  into  Merrimack  river.  In  1718, 
it  WHS  fettled  and  called  Lovevwll't 
Tvw;r,  It  was  incorporated  in  1759^ 
and  contains  <;j6  inhabitants. 

i'£M10EWAS»ET| 


0.  bounded 
the  Soundt 
inds  of  th« 
;  New-City, 
is.  It  con* 
hom  »7  are 

land  a  mile 
of  the  Bay 
viexico.    Its- 
:  eaft  end  of 
Bay  lies  be- 
LittU  Pelican 
fouth-eaft  of 
curve  meets  a. 
Mobile  Point. 
»e  fouth  coaft 
re  fituated  o£P 
i^ard  of  Port- 

I  at  the  fottth- 
f  Antigua, 
lunaway  Bay,, 
fland  of  Anti- 
?ft.  They  lie 
r  dangerous. 

II  patches  of 
mile  from  the 
Oaft  of  the  ifl- 

he  fea-coaft  of 
Maine.  It  lies, 
and  contains  ^ 
r  of  which  are 


;nt  of  the  Dift 
fiom  Denncy's 
fe  illand. 
ip  of  Maflachur 
31  miles  fouth 
as  incorporated 
954  inhabitants. 
mouUi  of  North 
3  tons  have  been 
River. 

cock  of  the  In- 
«Jew-Hamplhire, 
the  eaft  fide  of 
ite  to  Concord, 
•ivers,  Bowcook 
\  a  fouth-by-weft 
river.  In  1728, 
illed  Loveix/eil'f- 
)orated  in  tjst^ 
»itants. 

'EMJGEWAaiBT, 


Pemigbwasset,  a  river  of  New- 
Jlampfhire,  which  fprings  from  the  eaft- 
ern  part  of  the  ridge  called  the  Height 
of  Land.  Moole-hillock  Mountain 
gives  it  one  br^inch  ;  another  comes 
from  the  j5.  W.  extremity  of  the  White 
Mountains,  and  a  third  comes  from  the 
townfhip  of  Franconia.  Its  length  is 
about  50  miles  ;  its  cpurfe  generally  jS. 
and  it  receives  from  both  fides  a  num- 
ber of  llreams,  Winipifeogee  river, 
comes  from  the  lake  of  that  name,  and 
unites  its  waters  with  the  Pemigewaffet 
at  the  lower  cndof  Sant-^rntown.  From 
this  junAipn,  the  confl-^ent  ftream  bears 
the  name  of  Merrimack,  to  the  fea. 
See  If  prrimack. 

Pfndleton,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north-weft  by  Randolph,  and 
fouth  by  Rockingham  counties ;  water- 
ed by  the  fouth  tranch  of  the  Patow- 
macK.^  It  contains  2,^51  inhabitants, 
including  73  flaves.  Chief  town,  Frank- 
ford. 

PENDiEfON,  a  county  of  Waflrington 
diftri<ft,  S.  Carolina,  on  ICeowee  and  Sa- 
vannah rivers.  It  contained,  in  1795, 
2,568  inhabitaftts,  of  whom  8"^  are 
ives  •,  and  fends  3  reprefentatives  and 
I  fenatcr  to  the  State  legiflature,  The 
court-houfe  in  this  county  is  33  miles 
N.  N.  E.  of  Franklin  court-houfe  in 
Georgia,  and  c»  weftward  of  Cam- 
bridge. A  poft-ofHce  is  kept  at  this 
court-houfe. 

Penguin,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  10  miles  N.  E.  of  the 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  It  has  this 
name  from  the  multitude  of  birds  of 
that  name  which  frequent  it.  N.  lat. 
50^,  W.  long.  50  30.  There  is  alfo 
an  ifland  of  the  lame  name,  on  the  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Oceanj 
3  leagues  fouth-eaft  of  Port  Defire.  It 
is  an  uninhab'tfd  rock,  high  at  the  ends 
and  low  in  the  middle,  and  is  the  larg- 
eft  and  outermoft  or  a  number  of  fmall 
ifles  ofrocks,  and  is  about  a  mulket-fliot 
fxovci  the  main  land.  It  abounds  in  an 
extraordinary  manner,  with  penguins 
andfeals.  It  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
in  lengtii,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth 
from  E.  to  W. 

Pekn's  Rocktt  two  cluftersofiflands 
in  the  broac'-jft  and  fouth -\yeft  part  of 
Hudlbn's  Bay,  N.  America  j  diftin- 
guiflied  by  the  names  of  E.  and  W. 
Penn's. 

Penn  iNGTOM,  or  Pennytonurii  a  pleaf- 
ant  and  flourilhing  village  in  Hunterdon 


f  E  N 

CO.  New-Jerfey,  o  miles  W.  of  Prince* 
ton,  and  56  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Pliiladelphia, 
It  contains  a  church  for  public  worfhip, 
and  about  40  houfes. 

Penn  Fortt  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  a 
fmall  cr?ek,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Dela- 
ware river,  in  Northampton  co.  about 
a  I  mil^s  north  of  the  town  of  Eafton, 
and  near  70  north  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  40  5?.  W.  long.  75  13.  The  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Tioga  Point,  paff- 
es  through  the  opening  in  the  Blue 
Mountains,  called  Witia  Cap^  about  9 
miles  foutb-weft  of  this  fort. 

PtNN,  Party  in  New-Caftle  co.  DeU 


%     ,«r 


aware,  is  lituated  on  the  W.  bank  of 


Delaware  river,  '^ppofite  to  Reedy  Ifl- 
and. 

Penn's,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
on  Sulquehannah  river.  See  North' 
U7nherland. 

Pennsborough,  JS/j^and  Wejl^  two 
townftiips  in  Cumberland  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania. There  is  alio  a  townftiip  of  this 
name  in  Chgfter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Pennbbury,  a  fmall  town  of  Penn- 
fylvania, in  Buck's  co.  on  a  fmall  creek 
of  Delaware  river,  It  was  a  manor 
which  the  celebrated  Mr.  P'^nn  referved 
for  himfelf.  Here  he  built  a  houfe,  and 
planted  gardens  and  orchards ;  which, 
with  many  additional  buildings  and  im' 
provements,  ftill  continue. 

Penn's  Necky  in  Salem  co.  New-Jer- 
fey, liei.  on  Old  Man's  Creek,  which  it 
pjirt  of  the  boundary  between  Salem  and 
Gloucefter  counties.  It  is  la  miles  N, 
E,  by  N.  of  Salem,  2th  miles  from  the 
Delaware,  and  j  below  Swedcfborough, 

Penn's  Neck,  the  name  of  a  range  of 
farms  of  excellent  foil,  fituated  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  fouth-eaft  of  Princeton 
in  New-Jcrfey,  on  a  point  of  land  form- 
ed by  Millftone  river  and  Stony  hrook. 
It  derived  its  name  from  the  celebrated 
legiflator,  William  Penn,  who  formerly 
owned  this  traft, 

PENNSYLVANIA,  one  of  the  U- 
nited  States  of  America,  is  fituated  be- 
tween 39  43  and  41  N.  lat.  and  between 
74  48  and  80  8  W.  longitude ;  being 
in  length  about  488  miles  and  in  breadth 
156.  '  It  is  bounded  eaft  by  Delaware 
river,  wnich  feparates  it  from  New-Jer- 
fey ;  north  by  New- York  and  Lake  E- 
rie,  where  there  is  a  good  port ;  weft 
by  the  N.  Weftem  Territory,  and  a 
part  of  Virginia ;  fouth  by  a  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, Maryland,  and  Delaware.  The 
State  (except  the  purchafe  mentioned 

below) 


m 


\i 


vm 


\t 


PE  1* 

bcW)  Hes  in  the  form  of  a  paral- 
lelogram.   The  Borth-weft  corner  of 
this  State»  containing  about  aoziooo 
acre:.,  -.vas  lately  purchafed  of  Congrefs 
by  this  State.     Pennfylvania  contains 
44>9oo  fciuare  miles,  and  is  divided  into 
7  3  counties,  viz.  Philadelphia,  Cheilcr, 
Delaware,  Bucks,  Montgomery,  Bsrks, 
Lancailer,  Davipliin,  Northampton,  L>u- 
lerue,  Yiirk,  Cumberland,  North ura- 
l«rland,  Franklin,  Bedford,  Hunting- 
don, Mifflin,  WeftmoreLnd,  Sonicrfet, 
Fayeite,  Walhington,   '.lleghany,  and 
"Lycominn;.    Theie  are  fubdivided  into 
tovynfliips,  not  by  any  ff  ccial  law  of  die 
legiflaturc,  but  on  application  of  a  fuffi- 
cient  nunjbec  of  the  citizens,  in  any 
neighbourhood,  to  the  judges  of  the 
court  of  coHijjjOQ  pleas  and  general 
quarter  fe0ions  of  the  county.    In  each 
townfhip  the  citizens  have  the  privilege 
of  aifembling  once  a  year,  to  clujofe  two 
pvericcr-a  oi  the  poor,  two  aiTeifcrs,  a 
CollctJtor  of  taxes,  two  fupervifors  of 
the  roads,  and  a  conftablew    The  num- 
ber of  ishabitaDts,  according  to  the  cen- 
fas  of  i79o»  is  4^4»373»  inc^ding  3,737 
Itaves :  But  the  immigration  of  toreiga- 
CIS  lus  been  Ip  confiderabfe,  (ince  that 
period,  tkit  the  number  mufl;  be  far 
greater  than  could  be  expcitcd  from 
the    natural    inaeafe    of  population. 
"There  are  (ix  confiderablc  rivers,  which> 
uitfi  their  numerous  brao'-hes,  peniaiii- 
Jate  the  whole  Sute,  viz.   The  Dek- 
ware,  Schuylkill,  Sufqaehannab«Yough- 
logany,  Monongahcia  and  Alfeghany.. 
The  bay  and  river  Dclawaie  are  navi. 
gabLe  up  to-tlie  Gre<ti.  or  i.uwer  FaHs  at 
Trenton,  155  miles  from,  the  fea,  and 
« (hip  of  dve  line  can  afcend  to  PhilaJel- 
fkia,  the  metropolis,  tzo  miles  fronv 
the  fea,  by  the  Ihip-channel  of  the  Del- 
aware.     A  confiderable  part  of  the 
$tatc  may  be  called  mouotamous.;  par- 
ticuiarly  the  counties  of  Bedford,  Hunt- 
ingdon, Cumberland,  part  of  Franklin, 
I>aupl)in,and  part  of  Buck's  and  North- 
ampton, through  which  pafs,  under  va- 
rious names,  tlie  numerous .  ridges  and 
fpurs  which  colleiftiveiy  form. the  Great 
Range  of  AlUghwiy  Mountains.  _Thc 
principal  ridges  here  are  the  Kittatinny, 
or  Blue  Mountains,  which  pafs  north 
of  Nazareth,  in  Northampton  co.  and 
purfuo  a  S.  W.  courfc,  acrofs  the  Le- 
nigh,  throng  Dauphin  co.  juft  above 
Harrifburg,  thence  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Sulquehanpah,  through   Cumber- 
iUid  &n<l  Fiapklia  countiis.    I^ackQf 


thefe,  and  nearly  parallel  with  them, 
are  Peter's,  Tulcarora,  and  Nefcopek 
Mountains,  on  the  caft  (id«  of  the  Sof- 
quehannah ;  and  on  the  weft,  Share- 
man's  Hills^  Sideling  Hills,  Ragged, 
'  Great  Warriors,  E  vits  and  Wills  Moun- 
tains ;  then  the  Great  Alleghany  Ridge  ; 
weft  of  this  are  the  Cb«fnut  Ridges. 
Between  the  Juniatta  acd  the  weft 
branch  of  the  Sufquehannah  are  Jack's 
Tufly's,  Nittinff^aod  Bald-Eagle  Moun- 
tains. The  vales  between  thefe  moun- 
tains are  generally  of  a  rich,  black  foil, 
luited  to  the  various  kinds  of  grain  and 
grafs.  Some  of  the  mountains  wUl  ad- 
mit  of  cultivation  almoft  to  their  tops. 
The  othf.r  parts  of  the  State  are  gener- 
ally level,  or  agreeably  variegated  Math 
hills  and  valjies.  The  foil  of  Pennfyl- 
vania is  of  various  kiDd3  ;  in  ieme  parts 
it  is  barren,  but  a  great  proportion  of 
the  State  is  good  land  ;,  and  no  inconfid<* 
erable  part  of  ft  is  very  good.  The 
richeft  traft  that  is  fettled,  is  Lancafter 
CO.  and  the  valley  through  Cum berl^ad, 
York  and  Frai»klia.  1  lie  richeft  that 
is  unfettled,  is  between  Alleghany  riv- 
er and  Lake  Erie,  in  the  N.  W.,  part  of 
the  State,  and  in  the  country  on  the 
heads  of  die  eaftero  blanches  of  the 
Alleghany.  Pfcnnfylvania  includes  the 
greater  part  ol  the  kinds  of  trees,  flivubs, 
and  plants,  that  g^row  within  the  Uni" 
ted  States.  Oaks,  of  ieveral  fpecies, 
form  the  bulk  of  the  woods.  Hickory 
and  walnut  nuke  a  greater  proportion 
than  in  the  nertliecn  States.  Saflafras, 
mulberry,  tulip-tree,  and  cedar,  are 
common  and  grow  to  perfedlion.  The 
viagndui  glauciiy  or  fwamp-faffafras  are 
found  in  Tow,  grounds ;  tne  twigs  and 
roots  are  ufed  both  in  baUl  and  decoc- 
tion for  removing  the  rheumatilm. 
The  magHolia  acxtminata,  or  cucumber- 
tree,,  grows  very  tall  about  the  weftern 
mountaius.  The  magnolia  tripctalai  or 
umbrella-tree,  ia  found  in  fome  parts 
1 6  or  )o  leet  high.  The  bark  isfmoodi, 
and  the  leaves  fomctimes  exceed  \%  or 
15  inches  in  length,  6c  5  or  6  in  bieadth, 
terminating  in  a  point  at  each  extremity. 
The  leaves  are  placed  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches,  in  a  circular  form,  refem- 
bling  an  unibrella^  hence  the  name. 
The  bark  of  the  tulip  tree  is  efteemed  a 
toleridjle  fubftitube  for  the  Peiuvian 
bark ;  but  the  cornus  Jiarida^  or  dog> 
wood,  which  is  frequent  in  the  State,  is 
preferred.  Belidos  many  other  valuable 
uees  and  Ilirubs,  ai-u  \h&  fevcral  fpucics 
•    -       -  of 


with  them. 
d  Nefcopek 
!  of  the  Suf- 
veft,  Share- 
s,  Ragged, 
WUls  Moun- 
lany  Ridge; 
fnut  Ridges. 
4  the  weft 
h  are  Jack's 
Eagle  Moiin- 
thefe  moun- 
1,  black  foil, 
of  grsun.  and 
tiuns  will  ad- 

0  their  tops. 
ie  are  aencr- 
riegated  with 
iioi  Psnnfyl- 

io  fome  parts 
pioportioo  of 
d  no  inconfid- 

good.  The 
i,  IS  Lancafter 

1  Cumbttrl^ad, 
»e  richeft  that 
Alieghaay  riv- 
N.  W.,  part  of 
ountry  on  the 
anches  of  the 
ia  includes  the 
of  uees,  {hvubs, 
vitliin  the  Uni' 
feveral  fpecies, 
)od8.    Hickory 
ater  proportion 
ites.    Saffafras, 
,nd  cedar,  are 
er^ftioo.    The 
nip-faff*fras  are 

the  twigs  and 
arh  and  decoc- 
le   rheumatiiin. 
!^,  or  cucumber- 
out  the  weftern 
vliatnfictala,ot 
I  in  fome  parts 
ebarkisfraooth, 
les  cKceed  i»  or 
J  or  6inbieadth, 
t  each  extremity. 
L  i»t  the  ends  of 
jlarform,  refem- 
lence  th<J  name, 
treciseileenieda 
n    the  Peiuvian 
Jioridot  or  doQ' 
nt  in  the  State,  is 
ny  other  valuable 
he  fevcral  fpecics 
of 


PEN" 

rf"  maple ;  of  thefe  the  fcarlet  flowered 
and  fugar  maple  are  the  moft  uieful ; 
they  aie  common  in  the  northern  and 
weltem  parts  of  the  State,  and  are  larger 
than  the  other  fpecies,  growing  from 
50  to  60  feet  high,  and  yield  abundance 
of  fap  for  the  making  of  lugar.    The 
aih-leaved  tooth-ach  tree,  is  tound  liere 
and  in  Maryland.    The  bark  -'.nd  cap- 
fales  have  an  acrid  tafte,  and  are  ul'ed 
in  relieving  the  tooth-ach,  whence  it  has 
got  its  name.    The  Ihrubby  bithwort 
grows  near  Fort  Pitt.    It  thrives  in  the 
made,  in  a  rich  foil ;  grows  about  30 
30  feet  high,  and  fends  off  many  twin- 
ing branches.    The  roots  have  a  lively 
aromatic  tafte,  and  are  thought  to  have 
equal  medicinal  virtue  to  the  fmall  Vir- 
ginia fnake-roo';.    The  /atnhucus  ca»a- 
detifis,  or  red-berried  elder,  is  found 
here.    Amoag  tlie  Indians  it  is  called 
fever-bufli ;  and  a  deco^ion  of  its  wood 
and  buds  is  highly  efteemed  by  them. 
It  would  be  endiefs  to  defcribe  tlie 
beautiful  flowering  Ihrubs,  and  ufcful  as 
alfo  ornamental  plants  in  this  State. 
Grapes  of  feveral  forts  are  common  ;' 
the  Lte  kind,  when  mellowed  by  froft, 
make,  with  the  addition  of  lugar,  good 
wioe.    At  prefent,  the  cultivation  of 
the  vine  is  much  in  vogue  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  and  good  wioe  bus  been  alrcauy 
ra.ide.    iron  ore  abounils  in  this  State  : 
copper,  lead,  and  alluni  appear  in  Ibnie 
places.    Lime-'      c  is  common,  as  alfo 
feveral  kinds  ot  iu^rble.    In  tlie  middle 
and  weftern  coui.    ,  "    abundance  of 
coal.      At  the  head  of  th-    wefttrn 
branch  oi  Sufquehannah  i^  ^.i  cxtenfive 
bed,  whicii  stretches  over  the  c*  ukry 
ibuth-wellwardly,  fo  as  to  be  found  in 
the  greateft    plenty   iibout    Pittfburg. 
There  aie  alfo  conliderable  bodies  on 
the  head  waters  of  the  Schuylkill  and 
Lehigh ;  and  at  Wyoming  thcie  is  abed 
open,  which  gives  very  intenfe  heat. 
Ufeful    quadrupeds,  in   the  new  dif- 
trifts,  are  deer,  in  great  numbers,  bea- 
vers, otters,    raccoons,  and    martins. 
Bu&loes  rarely  crofs  the  Ohio,  and  eiks 
fcldom  advance  from  the  nortl).    Pan- 
thers, wild  cats,  bears,  foxes, and  wolves 
are  not  rare  ;  tlie  laft  do  moft  mifchief, 
e^ecially  in  the  winter ;  but  the  fur  and 
ikms  of  all  are  valuable.    In  the  thick 
Hettleinenta,  rabbits  and   fquirrels  arc 
frequent ;  alfo  minks  and  mulk-rats  in 
marfhes  ;  partridges  are  yet  numerous, 
though  the  late  bard  winters  have  dc- 
ftr^Y^tl  many,  and  wild  turkies  in  the 


PEN 

new  fettlements  j  pheafants  and  groufc 
are  become  fcarce ;  pigeons,  ducks  and 
wild  geele  are  generally  found  in  plen- 
ty m  their  proper  feaf'ins.  Here  are  a 
great  number  of  finging  birds,  as  many 
migrate  to  this  Sute  from  N.  and  S.  ia 
certain  feafons. 

Trouls  are  common  in  the  rivulets,  in 
length  feldom  above  a  foot.    In  the 
eaftern  rivers,  the  principal  fifhare  rock 
and  flieep's  head,  with  fliad  and  licr- 
ring,  whici),  in  the  fpring,  come  up 
from  the  fea  in  great  (hoals.    Tliefe  are 
not  found  in  the  weftern  waters,  which 
are  faid  to  have  their  own  valuable  kind? , 
efpecially  a  fpecies  of  cat-fiih,  weighiiig 
from  50. to  100  pounds;  yellow  perch 
and  pike  are  alfo  in  them  much  larger 
and  more  numerous.    The  fouth  fide 
of   Pcnnfylvania   is   the   beft   fettled 
throughout,  owing  entirely  to  the  cir- 
cumftince  of  the  weftern  road  having 
been  run  by  the  armies,  prior  to  176a, 
through  the  towns  of  Lancafter,  Carlilk 
and  Bedfoid,  and  thence  to  Pittfburg. 
For  the  purpofe  of  turning  the  tide  of 
iettlers  from  tJiis  old  channel  into  the  un- 
fettlcd  parts  of  the  State,  the  govern- 
ment and  landed  intereft  of  Pcnnfylva- 
nia have  been,  and  are  ftilj,  bufy  in  cut.^ 
ting  convenient  roads.  During  the  fum- 
mer  of  1788,  they  laid  out  a  road  north 
from  the  former  i-oads  beyond  Bethle- 
hem, to  the  no'rdi  nortage  between  Del- 
aware and  bufquehannali ;   and  tlience 
nor  .h  80°  weft  10  the  mouth  of  the  Tio- 
ga, the  fbniier  ,  o  miles,  and  the  latter 
abo  e  60.    It  IS  now  in  contemplation 
to  ci  t  a  rocui  from  Sunbury,at  the  forks 
<^  t      e.  and  W.  branches  of  Sufquc- 
hann.,1,  W.  150  miles,  to  the  mouth  vi 
Toby\  cr  ek,  which  empties  into  the 
Alleghany  tiom  the  eaft.    A  road  is 
.iifo  cut.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tioga, 
outhward  to  the  mouth  of  Loyal,  which 
empties  into  the  weft  branch  of  Suique- 
hannah.      Another  road  is  cut  from 
Hunt!     don   town,    on  Franks-Town 
br.r     .  of  tlie  JuniatU,  weftwaid  30 
n        to  Conenwiih,  a  navigable  branch 
ot  the  Alleghany.    A  turnpike  road  has 
been  lately  completed  from  Philadelphia 
to  Lancafter,  which  fliOttcnsthc  diftance 
between  thefe  places  8  miles  ;  and  oth- 
ers are  in  contemplation.    From  Swc- 
tara  \\>  the  Tulpehoken  branch  of  the 
Schuylkill,  a  canal  and  lock  navif^ation 
is  undertaken,  and  tlte  woiks  commenc- 
ed, by  an  incorporated  company,  whole 
capitil  is  4oc,wio  doUaru.    This  U'ads 

througli 


iiffi 


'■«   : 


♦'     „ ,. 


i  ,'; 


. '! 


1»E  W 

^rough  the  Schuylkill  to  Philadelphia. 
When  this  {Itall  be  effetfledy  a  pallkge 
tvill  be  open  to  Philadelphia  from  the 
luniaua,  the  Tioga,  and  the  £.  and  W. 
Dranches  of  the  Sufquehannah,  which 
water   at   leaf):   15,000,000  of  acres, 
from  this  junftioo,  the  general  courfe 
Qf  the  Sufquehannah  is  about  fouth-eaft, 
iintii  it  falls  into  the  head  of  Chefapeak 
]^ay  at  Havre  de  Grace.      'ee  Tioga 
River.    On  the  completion  01  the  prel- 
ent  plans,  the  State  will  be  as  conveni- 
ently interfedted  by  roads  as  any  other 
of  its  ii^e  in  the  Union,  which  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  fettlement  of  its 
new  lands.    A  flight  view  of  the  map 
of  Pennfylrania  will  beft  fhew  how  fine- 
ly this  State  is  iituated  for  inland  navi- 
gation.   Nature  Iws  done  fo  much  for 
inland    land-carriage,    that    although 
Philadelphia  and  Lake  Eric  are  diflunt 
from  each  other  above  500  miles,  tliere 
is  no  doubt  but  that  tfie  rivers  of  the 
State  may  be  fo  improved,  as  to  reduce 
the  land  carriage  between  them  nine- 
tenths.  In  the  lanlc  way  the  navigation 
to  Pittftjurgi  after  due  improvement, 
may  be  ufeu  inftead  of  land-carriage  for 
the  whole  diftance  except  aj  miles.   By 
thefe  routes  it  is  clear,  thai  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  foreign  articles  iifed  on 
the  weftern  waters  mull  be  tranfportcd, 
and  their  fifrs,  fkins,  ginfeng,  hemp, 
flax,  pot-afh,  and  other  commodities 
brought  to  Philadelphia^ 

Pennfylvauia  has  the  various  kinds  of 
grain,  &c.  common  to  the  neighbour- 
ing States,  but  wheat  is  the  principal 
Srain  of  very  general  cultivation.  In 
le  year  i  786,  the  exports  of  flour  were 
< 5 0,000 barrels;  inj789 — ^^569,618  bai* 
f els ;  and  much  greater  qiianiities  io 
years  fince.  The  manufactures  of  this 
State  are  of  numerous  kinds.  Iron 
■ft'orks  are  of  long  (landing,  and  their 
products  increafe  in  quantity,  and  im- 
prove in  quality.  The  furnaces  are  16, 
and  the  forges  3  7.  There  are  1 8  rolling 
aiid  llltting  mills,  which  are  faid  to  cut 
and  roll  1500  tons  a  year.  The  forges 
will,  it  is  thought,  if  properly  conduc- 
ed, manufacture  each  1 70  tons  of  bar 
iron  a  yea  -total  6,490  tons.  Belidcs 
pigs  call  at  the  furnaces,  there  are  pots, 
kettles,  pins, ovens,  ladles,  tongs,  (hov- 
els, and  ,10ns,  plough-irons,  fpades, 
hoes,  Pieet-iron,  hoops ;  iron  and  llccl 
work  tin'  pltafure  and  working  carriag- 
es ;  nails,  bolts,  ipikcs ;  va-'ious  iron- 
work for  (hips,  mills  aud  buildings,  can- 


t»EN 

non  balls,  and  fome  muikets  j  fcythesj 
iickles,  axes,  drawing-knives,  lome  faws 
and  planes,  and  other  tools.  The  other 
extenlive  manufa^res  are  numerous, 
viz.  thofe  of  leather,    fkins,  and  fur, 
wood,  paper,  gunpowder,  bricks,  earth* 
en  ware,  copper,  lead,  tin  wares,  pew- 
ter, cotton,  fugar,  molafTes,  tobacco, 
&c.  See.    There  are  $*  paper-mills  in 
the  State ;  and  their  annual  produdl  is 
computed  at  25^000  dollars.   Since  the 
year  1770,  aj  gunpowder  mills  have 
been  eredled.    There  are  about  300,000 
wool  and  fur  hats  rfianufa<5tured  annual- 
ly in  the  State ;  nearly  one  half  of 
which  are  of  fur.    In  the  rttanufadlurc 
of  iron,  paper,  pleafure  carriages,  and 
cabinet   work,    Pennfylvania   exceeds 
not  only  New- York,  out  all  her  iiller 
States.    Much  cotton  is  worked  up  in 
families  j  and  imported  lintrti  iy  noW 
printed,  in  an  increafing  degree.     The 
manufactures    of    Pennfylvania    have 
greatly  increafed  within  a  tew  years, 
as  well  by  maftcr  workmen  and  jour- 
neymen from  abroad,  as  by  the  ilcill  and 
inauftry  of  the  natives.    iSome  perfons 
have  begun  to  prefs  oil  from  hickory 
nuts.    The  Meflrs.  Marlhalls  of  Phila- 
delphia, have  commenced  the  makintf 
of  Glauber's  fait,  fal  ammoniac,  and 
Volatile  falts ;  they  already  fupply  thtf 
whole  Union  with  the  firft  article,  and 
export  a  part  of  the  others.    A  mill  of 
Rumfay's  (the  improvement  of   Bar- 
ker's) near  that  city,  grinds,  by  water, 
Hour,  chocolate,  fnaffi  naif -powder,  and 
muilard ;  (hells  chocolate  nuts ;  prefT- 
es  and  cuts  tobacco  for  chewing  and 
fmoakingf  and  bolts  rteal.    The  wa- 
ter-works  near  the  falls  of  Trehton, 
which  grind  gi'ain,  roll  and  flit  iron, 
and  pound  plafter  of  Paris,    exhibit 
great  mechanifb<    Card  manufadlories 
a.re  lately  fet  up.    The  hand  machines 
for  carding  and  fpinning  cotton  have 
been  introduced  and  improved.     Sir 
Richard  Arkwright's  famous  water-mill 
for  fpinning  cotton  yarn  has  been  ob^ 
tained ;   alio  the  machinery  to  fliver, 
rove,   and  fpin   flax   and   hemp  into 
thread,  fit  for  linen  of  thirty  cuts  to 
the  pound ;  which  will  alfo  ferve  for 
the  roving  and  fpinning  combed  wool 
into  worftcd  yarn.    Screws  for  paper- 
mills  are  now  c  Jt  from  folid  caft  iron. 
Lanrcrns  for  light-houfes  ar«  made  by 
Mr.  Wheeler  of  Philadelphia  ;  who  al- 
fo executes  work  for  fugar-mills  in  the 
Weft-Indies :  during  the  war  he  made 

cannoa 


;s  i  foythes 
;,{braefawa 
The  other 
:  numerous, 
18,  and  fwr, 
fficks,  earth- 
wares,  pew- 
its, tobacco, 
iiper-nnlls  in 
il  produft  is 
5.   Since  the 
r  mills  have 
ibout  300,000 
:tured  annual- 
one  half  of 
:  rtianufaanre 
arriages,  and 
ania   exceeds 
;  all  her  lifter 
worked  up  in 
linsM  iii  "ov/ 
degree.     The 
[ylvania    have 
a  tew  years, 
Dcn  and  jour- 
hy  the  Ikill  and 
Some  perfons 
from  hickory 
[halls  of  PhiU- 
;ed  the  making 
immoniac,  and 
idy  fupplythtf 
irft  article,  and 
[ers.    A  mill  of 
«mcnt  of   Bar- 
inds.by  water, 
air-powder,  and 
ite  nuts ;  preiU 
r  cihewing  and 
deal.    The  wa- 
lis  of  Trtfnton, 
U  and  flit  iron, 
Paris,    exhibit 
d  nwnufaftories 
;  hand  machines 
ing  cotton  have 
improved.     Sir 
imous  water-mill 
TO  has  been  ob- 
hinery  to  fliver, 
and  hemp  into 
)f  thirty  cuts  to 
ill  alfo  ferve  for 
ng  combed  wool 
Jcrewsfor  paper- 
m  folid  call  iron. 
lies  arfi  made  by 
delphia ;  who  al- 
lugar-trtiUs  in  the 
the  wat  he  m^de 
caanon 


PEN 

Cafinon  from  wrought-iron.    The  com- 
merce of  Pennf ylvania  with  the  eaftern 
and  fouthern  States  is,  in  great  part,  an 
exchange     of    ftaple    commodities. 
Wheat-flour  and  bar-iron  are  exported 
to   New-England  for    whale-oil  and 
bone,  fpermaceti,  feal-flcins,  mackerel, 
cod-lilh  and  I'alnion,  Rbode-Ifland  and 
Conne(5ticut  cheefe  ;  to  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia    for  live-oak,   cedar,  cotton, 
rice,  and  indigo ;  to  N.  Carolina  for 
tar,    pitch,   turpentine,   and   lumber. 
Much  of  the  trade  with  the  fouthern 
States  arifes   from  the  fuperiority  of 
Pcnnfylvania  in  manufactures  and  com- 
merce.   Great  quantities  of  dcer-fldns, 
with  thofe  of  otters,  racoons,  foxes, 
niulk-rats,  and  beavers,  are   imported 
from  tlie  back  country.    Virginia  ftnds 
a'great  deal  of  wheat,  and  u'^-nanufac- 
tured  tobacco.    In  return,  llv  receives 
many  articles  of  cloathing,  furniture, 
farming  utenfils,  equipage ;  fome  Eaft- 
India  and  European  goods ;  and  eveti 
Weft-India  produce  ;  of  all  thefe,  more 
or  lefs,  according  to  the  local  improve- 
ment and  fituation.     Hals,  faddlcry, 
fhoes,  windfor  chairs,  carriages,  hewn 
ftones,  iron  cartings  for  domeftic  ufc. 
Wheel  tire,  fpades,  hoes,  axes,  paper, 
books,  tin-ware,  and  bruflies,  conftitute 
a  great  proportion  of  the  exports  to  the 
fouthward.    Numerous  droves  of  lean 
cattle  come  from  tlie  weftern  parts  of 
thefe  States,  where  they  have  a  wide 
range,    but  want  meadow.     Virginia 
fends  of  late  a  confiderable  deal  of  coal, 
fome  lead,  and   peach  brandy.    This 
liquor  alio  comes  from  Maryland  ;  but 
from  both  in  quantity  very  fmail,  con- 
iidering  its  value,    and  the  facility   of 
raifnig  the  fruit.     The  eaftern  Ihore  of 
Maryland  fends  to  Philadelphia  confid- 
erable quantities  of  wheat,  and  Indian 
corn  :  fiom  the  weftern  comes  the  kite- 
foot  tobacco.    This  State  has  alfo  fume 
trade  with  the  Ibuth  of  Pcnnfylvania,  by 
the  way  of  Ghcfapeak  bay :  fome  parts 
of  it  receive  the  fame  commodities  as 
Virginia,  efpecially  plcafure  carriages. 
The    trade    with   New-Yoik   depends 
chiefly  on  the  fluctuation  of  the  mar- 
ket }  American  and  foreign  goodf,,  of 
the   fame  kinds,  are  carried  between 
the  two  capital  cities,  as  their  prices 
fall  and  rife.   Albany  peas  and  craw-fifh 
are,  however,  articles  in  regular  demand 
from  New-York.    Great  part  of  New- 
Jerfey   and  Delaware    State  have,  as 
neighbours,    much    intercourfc    with 


TEN 


irt: 


Pcnnfylvania.    The  firft  fupports  in  A 
great  meafure  the  market  of  Philadel- 
phia, furnifhes  rye-meal,  much  Indian 
corn  and  lumber,  and  fome  iron  bloom- 
ery :   the  otlier  fends  great  quantities 
of  exceHent  flour  from  the    mills  of 
Brandywine,  lumber  from  the  diflrift 
on  the  bay,  and  fat  cattle  from  the  paf- 
tures  adjoining  Delaware.  _   Many  of 
thefe,  and  of  thofe  fattened  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Philadelphia,  are  brought  from 
the  fouth  ;  and  alfo  from  the  countries 
on  the  North  and  Connedicut  rivers,  as 
far    as    Vermont    and   MafTachufetts. 
The  commerce  of  Pcnnfylvania,  in  the 
weft,  is  by  the  Ohio  with  the  Spaniih, 
and  by  the  lakes  with  the  Britifh  domin- 
ions ;  and  both  ways  with  the  Indian 
tribes.     This  trade  will  probably  be 
confiderable,  fince  commercial  ftipula- 
tions  are  formed  with  thofe  powers,  and 
peace  is  concluded  with  the  Indians. 
At  prefent  nearly  the  whole  foreign 
commerce  is  earned  on  by  the  port  of 
Philadelphia.    Its  diftance  from  the  fca, 
and  its  clofing  by  ice  in  the  winter,  are 
diladvantaKes ;  but  the  firft  is  leflened 
by  improved  pilotage  ;  the  other  by  the 
conftruCHon  of  the  piers  below,  and  by 
the  occafional  thaws  which  permit  vci- 
fels  to  clear  their  way  during  tiie  winter. 
In  common  feafons  the  navigation  is  ob- 
ftruifted  fix  weeks ;  a  fhorter  period  is 
as  probable  as  a  longer ;  though  in  the 
late  hard  winters,  loads  of  wood   have 
palfed  the  river,  near  the  city,  in  the 
firil:  days  of  March.     The  population 
of  this  State  has  been  already  mention- 
ed :   it  is  nearly  10  for  every  f(|uare 
mile.    The  number  of  militia  is  elti- 
mated  at  upwards  of  90,000,  bctv/cen 
18  and  Si  years  of  age.    The  inhabit- 
ants arc  principally  the  defcendants  of 
Engliih,  Tiilh  and  Germans,  with  fome 
Scotch,  Welch,    Swedes,   and  a  few 
Dutch.    There  are  alio  many  of  the 
Irilh  and  Germans  who  emigrated  w  hen 
young  or  middle  aged.    '1  lie  Friends 
and  Kpifcopalians,  aie  chiefly  of  Eng- 
lifh  extraction,  and  comp'jle  about  one- 
third  of  the  inhabitants.     They  live 
chiefly  in  the .  metropolis,  and  in  the 
counties  of  Chefter,  Philadelphia,  i'>\izk^ 
and  Montgomery.    'J'lic  hi(h  arc  moil- 
ly  Prcfbyteriuns,  but  fome  are  Roman 
Catholics  :   their  anceflors  came  fi(.m 
the  N.  of  Iieland,  winch  was  latterly 
fettled  from  Scotland  ;  hence  tlity  have 
been  fometimes  called  Scoi.'.!i  Irifli,  to 
denote  tl'^ir  dt-utlt  dellen-..    1  hi.y  in- 


Mi 


b 


■'  ii 


'         1 

■ 

..     \ 

1 

[1 

I       !l. 


iii   1 


I  ! 


i  HI:  I 


P  EK 

habit  the  weftern  and  frontier  counties, 
and  are  niimerous.  The  Germans 
compofe  about  one  quarter  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  Pennfylvania.  They  are  moft 
numerous  in  the  north  parts  of  the  me- 
tropoHs,  and  the  counties  of  Philadel- 
phia, Montgomery,  Bucks,  Dauphin, 
Lancafter,  York,  and  Northampton ; 
moftly  iii  Lh"  four  laft,  and  are  fpread- 
ing  in  other  parts.  They  confift  of  Lu- 
therans, (who  are  the  moft  numerous, 
ftft)  Calvinifts  or  Reformed  Church, 
Moravians,  Roman  Catholics,  Mennon- 
ifts,  Tunkers,  and  Zwingfelters,  who 
are  a  fpecies  of  Quakers.  Thefe  arc 
•11  diftinguifhed  for  their  temperance, 
induftry,  and  economy.  The  Baptifts, 
except  the  Mennonifts  and  Tunker 
Baptifts,  who  are  Germans^  are  chiefly 
deicended  of  ejnigrants  from  Wales, 
and  are  not  numerous.  A  proportion- 
ate aflemblage  of  the  national  prejudic- 
es, the  manners,  cuftoms,  religions  and 
political  fentiments  of  all  thefe,  will 
ibrm  the  Pennfylvanian  charafter. 
The  number  of  congregations  in  the 
State  is  as  follows :  Prefbyterians,  86  ; 
German  Calvinifts,  84 ;  nearly  84  of 
German  Lutherans  ^  Friends  or  Quak- 
ers, 54 ;  Epifcopalians,  j6  ;  Baptifts, 
15  ;  Roman  Catholics,  11  ;  Scotch 
Prefbyterians,  8  ;  Moravians,  8  ;  Free 
Quakers,  i  ;  Univerfalifts,  i  j.  Cove- 
nanters, I ;  Methodifts,  3  or  4  r  and  a 
Jewifh  Synagogue  ;  the  whole  amount- 
irg  to  384.  The  literary,  humane, 
and  other  ufeful  focieties,  are  more  nu- 
merous and  flourilhing  in  Pennfylvania 
than  in  any  of  the  lixteen  States.  The 
feminaries  of  learning  are  refpeflible. 
There  is  an  univerlity  at  Philadelphia, 
and  colleges  at  Carlifle  and  Lancafter. 
The  Epifcopalrans  have  an  academy  at 
Yorktown  in  York  co.  There  are  alfo 
academies  at  Germantown,  at  Pittft)urg, 
at  Wafliington,  afi  Allen's-Town,  and 
other  places ;  thefe  are  endowed  by  do- 
nations from  the  legillature,  and  by  lib- 
eral contribtitions  of  individuals.  The 
fcgiflature  have  alfo  rcfcrved  60,000 
acres  of  the  public  lands  for  public 
fchools.  The  United  Brethren,  or  Mo- 
ravians, have  academies  at  Bethlehem 
and  Nazareth  on  the  beft  eftablilhment 
of  any  fchools  perhaps  in  America. 
Belides  Philadeljjhia,  the  metropolis, 
the  chief  towns  are,  Lancafter,  the  targ- 
eft  inland  town  of  the  United  States, 
Carlifle,  Pittfljurg,  Sunbury,  Bethle- 
kuuB)  Reading,  Yorkto;vn,  Hanifburg, 


i\     '  ^li 


P  E-n: 

Wafliington,  &c.  This  State  wasfet. 
tjed  by  the  celebrated  William  Penn, 
Ion  ot  the  famous  Admiral  Penn,  in 
1684.  By  the  favourable  terms  which 
Mr.  Penn  offiered  to  the  fettlers,  and 
an  unlimited  toleration  of  all  religious 
denominations,  the  population  ot  the 
province  was  extremely  rapid.  The  pro-^ 
prietarics,  after  the  revolution,  accepted 
ofiCi3o,ooo  from  the  legiflature,  in  lieu 
of  all  quit-rents.  They,  however,  ftill 
poflefs  in  Pennfylvania  many  large  traits 
of  excellent  lana.  The  prelent  cotiftitu- 
tion  of  this  State  was  ratified  June  iath» 
179a.  A  convention,  to  amend  thecon- 
ftitution,  may  be  called  where  a  majority 
of  the  people  (hall  (ignify  their  wifli  for 
it.  The  expenfe  of  the  government  of 
this  State  amounts  to Xlsi, 280  annually. 
See  Philadelphia^  for  an  account  of  the 
exports  and  imports  of  the  State,  &c. 

Pennytown.    ?,&&  Pennington. 

Penobscot,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Tiancock  co.  Diftridl  of  Maine,  and  call- 
ed Norombega  by  the  firft  difcoverer,  i* 
about  16  leagues  wide  from  Naflceag 
Point  and  Burnt  Coat  Ifland,  on  the  E. 
to  the  pomt  on  which  Thomaftown 
ftands,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  bay. 
The  chief  idands  it  enclofes  are  Fox, 
Haut,  Long  and  Deer  Iflands ;  befides 
a  number  offmall  ifles,,  rocks  and  ledg- 
es. Through  this  bay  to  the  mouth  of 
the  river  of  its  name,  the  weftern  chan- 
nel goes  up  by  a  head-land  on  the  W. 
called  Owl's  Head,  and  between  Long- 
Illand  on  the  W.  and  Cape  Rolier  on 
the  E.  to  Bagaduce  Point.  The  eaft- 
ern  channel  is  between  Haut-Ifland  on 
the  weft  and  Burnt  Coat  Ifland  on  the 
eaft,  and  through  a  reach,  called  Long- 
Reach,  formed  oy  the  flioresof  Nafl^eag, 
or  Sedgwick,  on  the  E.  or  N.  E.  and 
Deer-Iflands  on  the  W.  or  S.  W.  till  it 
unites  with  the  other  channel,  between 
Point  Rolier  and  Long-lHand.  On  a 
fine  peninfula  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
bay,  the  Britifh  built  a  fort  and  made  a 
fettleinent  which  is  now  the  (hire-town 
of  the  county  of  Hancock,  and  is  a  com- 
modious place  for  the  lumber  trade. 
Haut-IlTand,  or  Ifle  of  Holt,  lies  in  lat. 
44  23  N.  snd  long.  68  10  W.  and  is  the 
fouthernmoft  of  the  large  ifles. 

Penobscot,  the  nofle  river  which 
empties  its  waters  into  the  above  def- 
bribed  bay,  ia  the  moft  confiderable  in 
the  Diftridt  of  Maine,  and  rifes  by  two 
branches  in  the  high  lands.  Between 
the  fource  of  the  weft  forkj,  and  its  junc- 

tioa 


;ate  wasfet» 
illiam  Penn, 
al  Penn,  in 
terms  wbich 
fettlers,  and 
all  religious 
lation  of  the 
id.  The  pro- 
ion,  accepted 
lature,  in  hcu 
however,  ftill 
iv  large  tradts 
dent  cotiftitu- 
ed  June  iath» 
mend  the  con- 
lere  a  majority 
their  wifh  tor 
government  of 
,280  annually- 
iccount  of  the 
ic  State,  &c. 
nnington. 
\  the  coaft  ot 
daine.andcall- 
ft  difcoverer,  i* 
from  Naflieag 
land,  on  the  E. 
1  Thomaftown 
de  of  the  bay. 
:lofes  are  Fox, 
[flands }  befides 
rocks  and  ledg- 
to  the  mouth  of 
e  weftern  chan- 
and  on  the  W. 
between  Long- 
Cape  Rolier  on 
int.    The  ealt- 
Haut-Ifland  on 
at  Ifland  on  the 
:h,  called  Long- 
loresofNalkeag, 
E.  or  N.  E.  and 
-.  or  S.  W.  tiU  It 
channel,  between 
R-Idand.    On  a 
eaft  fide  of  the 
f  fort  and  made  a 
w  the  (hire-town 
)ck,  and  is  a  com' 
e  lumber  trade. 
Holt,  lies  in  lat. 
10  W.  andis  the 

;e  ifles. 

le  river  whicli 

|o  the  above  deC- 

)ft  confiderable  m 

and  rifesbytwa 

lands.    Betweeu 

fork,  and  its  June- 

tioa 


Le 


PEN 

tion  with  the  caft,  is  Moofehead  Lake, 
30  or  40  miles  long,  and  15  wide.  The 
eaftern  branch  pauiies  tlirough  feveral 
fnialier  lakes.  From  the  forks,  as  they 
are  called,  the  Penobfcot  Indians  paw 
to  Canada,  up  cither  branch,  principal- 
ly  the  weft,  the  Iburce  of  which,  they 
fay,  is  not  more  than  20  miles  from  the 
waters  which  empty  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence. At  the  forks  is  a  remarkable 
high  mountain.  From  thence  down 
to  Indian  Old  Town,  lituated  on  an  ifl- 
iind  in  this  river,  is  about  60  miles,  40 
ofwhich,the  waterflowsin  a  ftill  fmooth 
ilreani,  and  in  the  whole  diftknce  there 
are  no  falls  to  interrupt  the  pallkge  of 
boats.  In  this  diftance  the  river  widens 
and  embraces  a  great  number  of  iflands. 
About  60  rods  below  Indian  Old  Town 
are  the  Great  Falls,  where  is  a  carrying- 
place  of  about  20  tods;  thence  is 
miles  to  the  head  of  the  tide  there  arc 
jio  falls  to  obftrudt  boats.  Veflels  of  30 
tons  come  within  a  mile  of  the  head  of 
tlie  tide.  Thence  35  miles  to  the  head 
of  the  bay,  to  the  fcite  of  Old  Fort  Pow- 
nal,  the  river  flows  in  a  pretty  ftraight 
courfe,  and  is  eafily  navigated.  Paffing 
by  Majabagadufe  on  the  eaft  7  miles, 
and  Owl's-Head  ao  miles  further,  on 
the  weft,  you  enter  the  ocean.  It  is  high 
water  here,  at  full  and  change,  45  mm- 
utes  paft  I  o.  At  tJie  entrance  of  the  river 
is  10  fathoms  \^ater.  The  Indians  have 
a  communication  from  this  river  to  Scoo- 
dick  river  by  a  portage  of  3  miles.  This 
river  was  the  wefternliniits  of  Nova-Sco- 
tia or  Acadia,  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht. 

Penobscot,*  a  poft-town  of  the 
DiftriiSt  of  Maine,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
bay  lii  its  name  fituated  in  lat.  44  24  N. 
\  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Blue-Hill,  141  N. 
W.  of  Portland,  a6a  N.  ty  E.  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  606  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  carries  on  a  fmall 
trade  in  lifli  and  lumber.  The  exports 
in  1794,  ending  Sept.  30,  amounted  to 
5,815  dollars.  This  tovvnihip  contain- 
ed in  1790—1,048  inhabitants.  In  Feb. 
1796,  it  was  divided  into  two  tou'ns ; 
the  one  retaining  the  name  Penobfcot, 
the  other  named  Caftine,  was  made  the 
fiitre-town,  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  con- 
tains the  poft-office. 

Pbnobscots,  a  fmall  tribe  of  In- 
dians who  live  in  Indian  Old  Town,  on 
an  ifland  in  Penobfcot  river.  They 
aver  that  they  have  poffcffcd  the  ifland, 

*  Tl'U  defcription  applies  to  this  towna*  It  ftood 
before  its  divifiun,  in  1 1^6. 


PEN 

on  which  their  town  ftands,  500  yeam. 
It  ftands  juft  above  the  Great  Fafls,  and 
confifts  of  about  aoo  acres  of  land.  See 
Indian  Old  T<nv>:.  In  a  former  war, 
this  tribe  loft  their  lands;  but  at  the 
commencement  of  the  laft  war,  the 
Provincial  Congrefs  forbade  any  perfon 
fettling  on  the  lands  from  the  head  of 
the  tide  on  Penobfcot  river,  included 
in  lines  drawn  fix  miles  from  the  river 
oneachiide;  that  is,  a  traft  iz  miles 
wide,  interfe(fled  by  the  middle  of  the 
river.  They,  however,  confider  that 
tliey  have  a  right  to  hunt  and  fiih  as  fitr 
as  the  moufii  of  the  Bay  of  Penobfcot 
extends.  This  was  their  original  right, 
in  oppofition  to  any  otlier  tribe,  and 
they  now  occupy  it, 

Fensacola  Harbour  and  Tonvn. 
The  Harbour  is  on  the  N.  fliore  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  11  leagues  eaft  of  Port 
Lewis,  and  Mobile,  and  158  W.  of  the 
illands  of  Tortuga.  It  is  large,  fafe 
from  all  winds,  and  has  4  fathoms  water 
at  its  entrance,  deepening  gradually  to 
7  or  8.  The  bar  lies  in  lat.  30  15  N. 
and  long.  8  7  1 4  W.  The  town  of  Pen- 
facola,  the  capital  of  Weft-Florida,  lies 
along  the  beach  of  the  bay,  is  of  an  ob- 
long form ;  about  a  mile  in  length,  and 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  breadth.  It  con- 
tains  feveral  hundred  habitations ;  and 
manyof  tlie  public  buildings  and  hoults 
are  Ipacious  and  elegant.  The  govern- 
or's i^alace  is  a  large  ftone  building,  or- 
namented with  a  tower,  built  by  the 
Spaniards.  It  is  defended  by  a  fmall 
fort  called  St.  Mary  de  Gulve.  Tiie 
exports  from  this  town,  coniifting  of 
Ikins,  logwood,  dying-ftuff  and  fifver 
dollars,  amounted,  while  in  the  poffef- 
iion  of  the  Britilh,  tO;C63,ooo  annually. 
The  average  value  of  imports,  for  3 
years,  from  Great-Britain,  was>C97,oco. 
The  town  and  fort  of  Penfacolafurren- 
dered  to  the  arms  of  Spain,  in  the  year 
1 78 1,  and  with  them  the  whole  prov- 
ince. F.fcumbia  river,  or  Shambe,  is 
the  largeft  ftreani  which  fidls  into  Pen- 
facola  Bay.  It  admits  fliallops  fome 
miles  up,  and  boats  upwards  of  50  miles. 

Pentkcost,  an  ifland  in  the  Archip- 
elago  of  the  Great  CyctuJfs^  which  lee. 
It  was  difcoveredby  Bouganville,  May 
22,  1 768,  and  named  from  the  day,  be- 
ing the  day  of  Pentecoft.  It  is  two 
leagues  diltant  from  Aurora  Ifland, 
whicli  is  in  15  8  S.  lat.  and  165  58  E. 
long,  fiom  Paris. 

I'tNucP,  a  province  of  Mexico  ; 

fei\ii..'..'v*i 


>•:! 


I)   ■. 


-^\.  'i!;:il.  : 


;^^ 


^ 


I'l  ' 


m 


!:   1! 


PER 

feparated  from  tliat  of  AnRelos,  or 
Tlafcala,  on  the  N.  by  Tufpa  river. 

Frpchidiachich,  a  point  or  head 
latid  on  the  S.  fltore  of  the  Great  Bay 
of  Chaleurs,  near  the  N.  E,  extremity 
of  the  province  of  New-Brunfwick.  It 
is  alfu  called  Pepchidichi,  and  lies  W. 
S.  W.  of  Pott  David. 

Pepin,  a  lake,  or  rather  a  dilatation 
of  the  rirer  Miflifippi,  where  it  receives 
the  river  Chippeway  from  the  N.  E.  in 
lat.  44  c  N.  and  long.  93  4a  W.  below 
the  Fulls  of  St.  Anthony. 

Pepperell,  a  townfhip  of  Mafla- 
clnifetts,  on  the  E.  branch  of  Nafhaway 
riviir,  and  on  the  N.  line  of  Middlefex 
CO.  It  joins  Groton  on  the  fouth-eaft- 
ward,  and  is  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  m  1753*  and 
contains  113a  inhabitants, 

Peppe RELBOROUGH,  a  townfliip  in 
York  CO.  Diftridl  of  Maine,  on  the  N.  E. 
fide  of  Saco  river,  near  the  mouth,  and 
which  feparates  it  from  Biddcford  to 
the  fouthward.  It  is  about  iz  miles 
S.  W.  of  Portland,  and  109  N.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  177a,  and 
contains  1,3.?  z  inhabitants. 

Pkpy's  ijlands,  the  fame  with  Falk- 
land Iflands.  Pepy's  Ifland,  dcfcribed 
in  Commodore  Anion's  Voyage,  lies  in 
lat.  47  S.  8  leagues  E.  of  Cape  Hianco, 
on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia,  and  was  dif- 
covered  by  Capt.  Cowley  in  1680,  who 
reprefcnts  it  to  be  commodious  fur  tak- 
ing in  wood  and  water,  and  provided 
with  a  harbour  capable  of  holding  1000 
fail  of  Ihips ;  abounding  with  fowls,  and 
promifing  great  plenty  of  fiHi. 

PEQUANACK,a  townlhip  of  Morris 
CO.  New-Jcrfey ;  perhaps  the  fame  ao 
in  fome  maps  is  called  Pegnmwck, 
which  is  fcnarated  from  Bergen  co. 
worth  ward  by  Pcgunnock  river. 

PfiquANNOCK  Point  and  River. 
The  river  is  a  fmall  flream  which  runs 
fouthward  through  the  towns  of  Hunt- 
ington and  Stratford  in  Fairfield  co. 
Connc<5licii*;,  and  empties  into  a  bay  in 
tlie  Sound  where  veilels  may  anclior. 
The  point  forms  the  weftern  extremity 
of  the  bay  near  which  are  fome  rocks ; 
from  thence  the  outer  bar  extends  N. 
by  N.  E,  The  point  is  j  miles  S,  W. 
of  Stratford  river. 

Pt  R  A  M  u  s,  or  Pcramesy  in  Bergen  co, 
New-Jeii'cy,  lies  on  the  point  of  land 
fi:)rmtd  by  the  branches  of  Saddle  river, 
(I  noith  water  of  Pafl'aik  ;  about  18 
niilts  fiyjthwaid  of  Bergen,  10  wtft  of 


PER 

Tappan,  and  ai  N.  W.  by  N.  of  New- 
York  city. 

P  E  R  c  E  E,  Vlps  a  fmall  but  remarkable 
ifland  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  being  a  perpendicular 
rock,  pierced  with  two  natural  arches, 
through  which  the  fea  flows.  One  of 
thefe  arches  is  fufficiently  high  to  admit 
a  large  boat  to  pafs  freely  through  it. 
It  is  15  miles  foudi  of  Cape  Gafpee.  It 
is  aflerted  that  it  was  formerly  joined 
to  Mount  Joli,  which  lies  oppolite  to  it 
on  the  continent. 

Percipany,  a  village  in  Morris  co. 
New-Jerfey,  fituated  on  a  branch  of  Paf- 
faik  river,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Morriftown, 

Percy,  an  extenfive  townlhip  in 
Grafton  co.  New-Hamp(hire,  watered 
by  the  fevcral  branches  of  Upper  Amo- 
noofuck  river,  bounded  weft  by  North- 
umberland, on  Connefticiit  nvcr.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  contains 
only  48  inhabitants. 

Pe  R  u  I  DO,  a  river  and  bay  on  the  coaft 
of  Weft-Florida.  The  mouth  of  the 
river  is  about  10  leagues  eaftward  of  Mo- 
bile Point,  and  4  weftward  of  the  bar 
of  Penfacola.  The  entrance  is  narrow, 
with  a  bar  of  fix  feet,  but  afterwards  it 
widens  confulerably.  This  was  for- 
merly the  boundary  between  Florida 
and  Louiliana,  dividmg  the  French  and 
Spanifli  dominions.  The  river  ftretch- 
es  in  one  place  north-eaft,  where  it  goes 
within  a  mile  of  the  great  lagoon  weft 
of  the  entrance  of  Penliicola  harbour. 

Peres  IJhvid,  or  Conjlantine  Peres ^ 
on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  S.  America.  It  is 
o[)polite  to  Port  Coral.  On  this  ifland 
is  a  fort  called  Manfera,  and  on  the 
back  of  the  ifland  there  is  an  entrance 
for  boats  into  the  harbour  of  Baldivia. 

Perica,  three  iflands  in  the  bay  of 
Panama,  S.  America  ;  which  give  Inci- 
ter to  fliips  out  of  the  command  of  the 
town  of  Panama. 

Peritas  IJIaridsy  on  the  Spanifh 
Main,  coaft  of  S.  America,  3  leagues 
weftward  of  Cnmana  Bay. 

Perkins,  Port,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  of 
Wafliington's  Ifle,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America.    See  Magee*s  Sound. 

Pbrkiomy,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  in  Montgomery  co. 

Perlican,  0/rf',  an  indifferent  fhip 
road  with  rocky  ground  on  the  E.  coalt 
of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  a  leagues  S. 
W,  by  S.  of  Break  Heart  Point.  Sher- 
wick  13  the  name  of  its  N.  point. 

Pi  ^  H  c  A  N ,  Ncw^  a  noted  harbour  on 

the 


?  E  R 


PER 


the  E.  coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland, 
8  leagues  W.  S.  W.  of  Old  Perlican, 
and  5  leagues  from  Random  Head.  It 
hav  a  wide  and  fafe  entrance,  and  ihips 
may  ride  in  it  landlocked  from  all  winds 
in  from  lo  to  5  fathoms  water. 

Pernambuco,  a  captainlhip  in  the 
northern  diviiion  of  Brazil,  whofe  chief 
town  is  Olinda. 

P >  R  N  A  M  B u c 0,  or  Phrnambuco,  oth- 
erwifc  called  Panambuco,  a  place  of  con- 
fidcrable  trade  on  the  £.  coafl  of  Brazil, 
having  a  bay  or  harbour  of  the  fame 
name  ;  (ituated  between  Paraiba  on  the 
N.  and  Cape  St.  Augufline  on  the  S.  in 
lat.  8  S.  and  long.  35  W.  Provifions 
and  other  articles  are  brought  hither 
from  Para,  and  from  hence  great  quan- 
tities of  tobacco  are  fent  off  to  Europe. 

Pernambuco,  a  river  on  the  coafl 
of  Brazil,  S.  America,  foiithward  of 
Tamerica  Ifland.  It  is  blocked  up  with 
fand  ;  and  fhips  enter  it  from  the  north- 
ward, at  the  entrance  of  the  Receif  har- 
bour, 3  leagues  from  it.  S.  lat.  8  30, 
W.  long.  35  7. 

Pbrpetua,  Capf,  on  the  north-wefl 
coafl  of  N.  America.  N.  lat.  44  6, 
W.  long.  144  8.  Variation  of  the  com- 
pafs  in  the  year  1779,  17  50  E. 

Perquimons,  a  co.  of  Edenton  dif- 
trift,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  wefl  by 
Chowan  co.  and  E.  by  Pafquotank,  from 
which  lafl  it  is  feparated  by  the  river 
Pafquotank,  a  water  of  Albemarle 
Sound.  It  contains  5,440  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1,878  are  flaves. 

Person,  a  new  co.  in  Hillfborough 
diflridt,  N.  Carolina.  The  court-houfe, 
where  a  pofl-office  is  kept,  is  a6  miles 
N.  of  Hillfborough,  and  34  E.  of  Caf- 
well  New  Court-Houfe. 

Perth-Ambov,  a  city  of  New-Jer- 
fey,  pleafkntly  fituated  in  Middlefex  co. 
at  the  head  of  Rariton  Bay,  and  flands 
on  a  neck  of  land  included  oetween  Rar- 
iton river  and  Arthur  Kull  Sound.  Its 
f'cite  is  high  and  healthy.  It  lies  open 
to  Sandy-Hook,  and  has  one  of  the  bcfl: 
harbours  on  the  continent.  VefTels  from 
fea  may  enter  it  in  one  tide,  in  almoll 
any  weather.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and 
poll-town  ;  but  although  it  is  admirably 
fituated  for  trade,  and  the  legiflature 
has  given  every  encouragement  to  in- 
duce merchants  to  fettle  here,  it  is  far 
from  being  in  a  fiourifliing  flate.  It 
contains  about  60  houfes,  and  carries  on 
a  fmall  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  Its  ex- 
ports for  a  year,  ending  30th  Sept.  1 794, 


were  to  the  value  of  58,159  dolls.  It  ii 
35  miles  fouth-wcil  of  New- York,  and 
74  north-eafl  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lau 
40  35»  W.  long.  74  50. 

Pe  R  V,  a  new  townlhip  of  New-York, 
in  Clinton  co.  on  the  wcfl  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain.  It  was  taken  from  the 
towns  of  Plattfburg  [and  Willfburg, 
and  incorporated  in  179a.  It  is  an  ck- 
cellent  tradt  of  land,  and  fettling  fafl. 
In  1796,  there  were,  of  the  inhabitants, 
120  qualified  eledtors. 

Peru,  a  diflritft  of  S.America,  about 
1800  miles  in  length,  and  about  500  in 
breadth  ;  bounded  W.  by  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean  ;  E.  by  the  Cordillera  de 
los  Andes,  or  Mountains  of  Andes, 
which  feparate  it  from  the  country  oi' 
Amazonia  and  Paraguay  ;  N.  by  Ter- 
ra Firma,  from  which  it  is  divided  by 
the  equator;  and  the  a5th degree  of  S. 
latitude  feparates  it  from  ChiJi  and  La 
Plata  on  the  S.  It  lies  between  60  and 
81  W.  long,  r.nd  is  fubdivided  into  the 
provinces  of  Ouito,  Lima,  and  Los 
Charcos.  The  chief  towns  are  Quito, 
Payta,  Lima,  Cufco,  potofi  and  Force, 
From  the  fituation  of  this  country, 
which  is  within  the  torrid  zone,  it  is 
natural  to  fuppofe  that  it  would  be  aU 
mofl  uninhabitable;  but  the  Andes 
Mountains  being  on  the  one  fide,  and 
the  South  Sea  on  the  other,  it  is  not  fo 
iiot  as  tropical  countries  in  general  are ; 
and  in  fbine  parts  it  is  difagreeably  cold. 
In  one  part,  are  mountains  of  a  ftupen- 
dous  height  and  magnitude,  having 
their  fummits  covered  with  fnow ;  oa 
the  other,  volcanoes  flaming  within, 
while  their  fummits,  chafms  and  aper- 
tures are  involved  in  ice.  The  plains 
are  temperate,  the  beaches  and  valliea 
hot ;  and  laflly,  according  to  the  difpo- 
fition  of  the  country,  its  high  or  lo\fr  fit- 
uation, we  find  all  the  variety  of  grada- 
tions of  temperature  between  the  two 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  It  is  re- 
markable^  that  in  fome  places  it  never 
rains,  which  defed  is  fupplied  by  a  dew 
that  falls  every  night,  and  fufhciently 
refreihes  the  vegetable  creation  ;  but  in 
Quito  they  have  prodigious  rains,  attend- 
ed by  dreadful  florms  of  thunder  and 
lightning.  In  the  inland  parts  of  Peru, 
and  by  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  the  foil 
is  ufually  very  fertile ;  but  along  the 
fea-coafl,  it  is  a  barren  fand.  Vafl 
numbers  of  cattle  wp  "s  imported  by  the 
Spaniards  into  Peru,  when  they  took 
pofTeffion  of  that  country;  thefe  aro 

liOW 


1 V' 


'I 


»  i( 


PER 

now  fo  increafed,  that  they  rtm  wild 
and  are  hunted  like  game.  This  coun- 
try produces  fruits  peculiar  to  the  cli- 
mate and  raoft  of  thofe  in  Europe.  The 
culture  of  maize,  of  pimento  and  of  cot- 
ton, which  was  found  eftabliihcd  there, 
has  not  been  negle(fled  ;  and  that  of 
wheat,  barley,  canava,  potatoe".,  tngar, 
and  of  tlic  olive  and  vine  is  attended  to. 
The  goat  has  thriven  very  well ;  but 
the  flieep  have  degenerated,  and  their 
wool  is  become  extremely  coarfe.  In 
the  northern  parts  of  Peru  are  feveral 
^old  mines;  but  thofe  of  filyer  are 
tound  all  over  the  country,  particularly 
in  the  neighbourhood  or  Potofi.  Na- 
ture never  offered  to  the  avidity  of 
mankind,  in  any  country  on  the  globe, 
fuch  rich  mines  as  thofe  of  Potofi. 
Thefe  famous  mines  were  accidentally 
diicovered  in  the  year  I545>  •"  ^'s 
manner :  An  Indian,  named  Hualpa, 
one  day  following  fome  deer,  which 
made  diredtly  up  the  hill  of  Potoli,  came 
to  a.ilcep  craggy  part  of  the  hill,  and 
the  better  to  enable  him  to  climb  up, 
laid  hold  of  a  Ihrub,  which  came  up  by 
the  nxjts,  and  laid  open  a  mafs  of  lilver 
ore.  He  for  fome  time  kept  it  a  fecret, 
but  afterwards  revealed  it  to  his  friend 
Guanca,  who,  becaufe  he  would  not 
difcover  to  him  the  method  of  refining 
it,  acquainted  the  Spaniard  his  mafter, 
named  Valaroel,  with  the  difcovery. 
Valaroel  regiftered  tlie  mine  in  1545  ; 
and  from  that  time  till  1638  thefe  mines 
of  Potofi  had  yielded  395,619,000  pie- 
ces of  eight,  which  is  about  4,255,000 
{)iece3  a  year.  Potofi  is  about  40  or  35 
eagues  from  the  city  of  I.a  Plata. 
The  hill,  and  alio  the  country  for  a 
confidcrable  diftance  round,  is  quite  bar- 
ren and  defart,  and  produces  neither 
tree,  plant  nor  herb,  fo  that  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Potofi,  which  is  fituated  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill,  on  the  fouth  fide,  are 
obliged  to  procure  all  the  necefTaries  of 
life  from  Peru,  Thefe  mines  begin  to 
dccreafe,  and  others  rife  in  reputation. 
It  is  impollible  to  afccrtain  with  any  de- 
gree of  precifion  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants in  Peru.  The  city  of  Lima  is 
faid  to  contain  54,000;  Guagaquill, 
«o,ooo;  Potofi,  »5,ooo;  TaPasi  ao,ooo, 
and  Cufco,  16,000.  Among  all  the  in- 
habitants of  Peru,  pride  and  lazinefs  are 
faid  to  be  the  mofl  predominant  paffions. 
Avarice  may  likcwife  be  attributed  to 
fome  of  them  with  a  great  deal  of  pro- 
priety.  There  is  very  little  commerce 


PER 

in  this  fine  country,  except  in  the  cities 
and  large  towns,  which  are  defcribed 
under  their  refpedive  names.  The 
chief  manufactures  are  carried  on  by 
the  Indians  ;  thefe  confifl  chiefly  of 
leather,  woollen  and  cotton  fluffs,  and 
earthen  ware  ;  in  the  fabrication  of 
which,  they  are  faid  to  be  peculiarly  in- 
genious. The  Indians  and  negroes  are 
forbidden,  under  the  feverefl  penaltic;;, 
to  intermarry  ;  for  divifion  between 
thefe  two  clafl'es,  is  the  great  inftru- 
ment,  in  which  tKe  Spaniards  truft  for 
the  prefcrvation  of  the  colonies.  Peru 
is  governed  by  a  viceroy,  who  is  abfii- 
lute  ;  but  it  being  impollible  for  him  to 
fuperintend  the  whole  extent  of  his 
government,  he  delegates  a  part  of  his 
authority  to  the  feveral  audiences  and 
courts,  ellablilhcd  at  different  places 
throughout  his  territories.  At  Lima 
there  is  a  treafury  court  for  receiving  a 
fifth  of  the  mints,  and  certain  taxes  paid 
by  the  Indians,  which  belong  to  the 
kinjT  of  Spain.  There  are  certain  wa- 
ters in  this  country,  which  in  their  courfe 
turn  into  ftone ;  and  fountains  of  liquid 
matter,  called  oppey,  refembling  pitch 
and  tar,  and  ufed  by  feamen  for  the 
fame  nurpofe.  On  the  coafls  of  Gua- 
gaquill and  Guatimala  are  found  a  cer- 
tain fpecies  of  fnails,  which  yield  the 
purple  dye  fo  celebrated  by  the  an- 
cients, and  which  the  moderns  have 
fuppofed  to  have  been  loft.  The  fhell 
that  contain"?  them  is  fixed  to  rocks, 
watered  by  the  fea.  It  is  of  the  fize  of 
a  large  nut.  Various  methods  are  ufed 
to  extra(ft  the  purple  matter  from  the 
animal.  There  is  no  colour  that  can  be 
compared  to  this,  either  in  luflre  or  per- 
manence. Here  is  alfo  found  a  new  fub- 
llance  called  the  Platina,  and  wliich  may 
be  conlidered  as  an  ei^kh  metal.  In  its 
native  flate  it  is  mixed  with  gold  and 
iron,  and  this  at  firfl  gave  rife  to  a  fuf- 
picion  that  it  was  nothing  more  than  a 
combination  of  thefe  two  metals  ;  but 
late  experiments  of  chymiits  fully 
prove,  that  it  is  a  pure  and  fimple  met- 
al, with  properties  peculiar  to  itfelf.  It 
cannot  be  affe«Stcd  b',  any  fimple  acid, 
or  by  any  known  folvent,  except  the 
aqua  ragia ;  it  will  nottarnifli  in  the  air, 
neither  will  it  rufl ;  it  unites  to  the  fix- 
ednefs  of  gold,  and  to  the  property  it 
has  of  not  being  fufceptible  of  defhuc- 
tion,  a  hardnels  almott  equal  to  that  of 
iron,  and  a  much  greater  difficulty  of 
fufion.  It  is  of  an  mterniediate  colour, 
'  between 


n  the  cities 
e  deicribed 
nes.     The 
lied  on  by 
:  chiefly  oF 
1  fluffs,  and 
bricition  of 
leculiarly  in- 
nc}>i'ocs  aie 
L'ft  penalties, 
ion  between 
great  inllru- 
rds  trull  for 
onies.    Peru 
who  is  abiii- 
le  for  him  to 
xtent  of  his 
a  part  of  his 
ludiences  and 
Fcrent  places 
B.     At  Lima 
ar  receiving  a 
ain  taxes  paid 
jclong   to  the 
e  certain  wa- 
in their  courfc 
itains  of  hquid 
'eml)Hng  pitch 
lamen  tor  the 
:oafls  ofGua- 
e  found  a  cer- 
lich  yield  the 
d  by  the  an- 
moderns  have 
,(1.    ThellieU 
ixed  to  rocks, 
IS  of  the  fize  of 
'thods  are  ufed 
latter  from  the 
lour  that  can  be 
in  Kiflre  or  per- 
)und  a  new  tub- 
and  which  may 
r/i  metal.    In  its 
with  gold  and 
ve  rife  to  a  ful- 
ng  more  than  a 
ATO  metals ;  but 
chymifts   fully 
and  fimple  met- 
iliar  to  itfelf.   It 
my  fimple  acid, 
ent,  except  the 
tarnifti  in  the  air, 
.mites  to  the  fix- 
I  the  property  it 
tible  of  dellruc- 
:  equal  to  diat  of 
Iter  difficulty  of 
irmediftte  colour, 
beuveeii 


PET 

Between  that  of  iron  and  filver  ;  it  can 
6c  forged  and  extended  into  thin  plates ; 
and  when  diflblved  in  aqua  rugia,  it 
maybe  made  to  afTume,  by  precipita- 
tion, an  infmitc  diverfity  of  colours ; 
and  Count  Milby  has  fucceedcd  in  va- 
rying thcfc  precipitates  fo  much,  that 
he  has  a  pi«^lure  painted,  in  the  colour- 
ing of  which  there  is  fcarce  any  thing 
but  platina  nude  ufc  of.  Upon  the 
whole^  from  confidering  the  advanta- 
ges of^  the  platina,  wc  cannot  but  con- 
clude that  this  metal  deferves,  at  Icafl, 
from  its  fuperiorlty  to  all  others,  to 
fliare  the  title  of  king  of  metals,  of 
which  gold  has  fo  long  be^n  in  poflef- 
fjon.  The  Peruvian  bark,  fo  famous  at 
prefent  for  curing  intermittent  fcvtrs, 
ts  likewife  found  here.  The  tree  from 
which  it  is  taken  grows  upon  the  flope 
of  mountains,  and  is  about  the  fize  of 
a  conmion  cherry-tree.    It  is  diftin- 

{juiflicd  into  three  kinds ;  the  red,  yel- 
ow,  and  the  white  ;  but  the  rea  is 
found  to  be  the  befl  and  mofl  efficacious. 
The  Jefuits  carried  this  bark  to  Rome 
as  early  as  1639;  but  the  natives  ate 
fuppofed  to  have  been  acquainted  with 
its  medicinal  qualities  many  ages  before. 

Peruvians,  the  aboriginal  inhabit- 
ants of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  who  were 
the  mofl  civilized  of  any  Indians  on  the 
continent. 

Pet  AG  u  EL,  a  territory  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  Brazil,  bounded  N.  by  Dele ;  E. 
by  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean ;  S.  by  the 
captainfhip  of  Rio  Grande ;  and  W.by 
Tupuy.    It  contains  miacs  of  filver. 

Pe  T  AP  A,  one  of  the  pleafantefl  town<^ 
of  Guatimala,  in  New-Spain.  It  is  flt- 
uated  at  the  wellern  extremity  of  the 
▼alley  of  Mexico,  25  miles  S.  E.  of 
Guatimala.  There  is  a  rich  fugar  plan- 
tation in  its  vicinity. 

Petawontakas,  an  Indian  nation 
formerly  in  alliance  with  the  Hurons. 

Peter's  Bankt  St.  a  large  fifhing 
ground  off  the  S.  end  of  Newfoundland 
Ifland,  and  extends  from  Cape  Race  to 
St.  Peter's  Ifland,  oppofite  PUcentia,  St. 
Mary  and  TrepafTy  Bays.  It  is  i^  de- 
crees of  latitude  in  breadth  on  the  W. 
tide.  From  St.  Peter's  Ifland  it  decreaf- 
es  as  it  approaches  Race  Point.  It  lies 
W.  of  the  Great  Bunk,  and  has  on  the 
S.  at  a  confiderablc  diflance.  Green  and 
Whale  Banks,  which  are  among  the 
Imallcfl  on  the  coafl.  It  has  from  45 
to  30  fathoms  water  on  it. 

Piter's  ito/,  5/.  on  the  S.  coaft  of 


?  E  T 

Cape  Breton  Ifland,  having  St.  Pettfr'* 
Ifland  at  its  mouth. 

PfTtR's  Fort,  St.  on  the  ifland  of 
Martinico,  in  the  Well-Indies.  N.  lat, 
14  44,  W.  long.  61  ai. 

pB TE  r's  Harbour, St.  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  about  g  leagues  W.  of 
Eaft  Point.  Weft  of  it  are  Anguille 
Bay  and  Port  Chimene. 

PETfcR's  Haven,  St.  on  the  E.  coaft 
of  Labrador,  lies  round  the  S.  E.  point  of 
SadelBay.  N.lat.c6  3o,W.long,6o42- 

Peter's  Ijland,A  fmall  ifl«;  on  the 
W.  coaft  of  St.  John's  Ifland,  near  to, 
and  N.  by  W.  of.  Governor's  Ifland,  in 
the  narrowcft  part  of  the  Strait  betwcert 
New-Brunfwick  and  St.  John's  Ifland. 

Pet  E  r's  IJland,  St.  or  St.  Pierret,  on 
the  fouthern  coaft  of  Newfoundland 
Iflandj  lies  S.  S.  W.  of  the  S.  E.  point 
of  Fortune  Bay,  and  near  to,  and  S.  E. 
of,  the  8.  point  of  Miquelon  Ifland.  N, 
lat.  46  46,  W.  long.  56  17. 

Peter's,  5/.  one  of  the  Virgin  Iflcs, 
in  the  Weil-Indies,  dependant  on  Vir- 
gin Gorda. 

P  E  T  E  R '  s ,  5/.  a  harbour  at  the  W.  end 
of  Sydney  or  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is  a 
very  commodious  place  for  carrying  ok 
tlie  fifliery. 

Peter's,  St.  a  town  at  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland.  It 
ftards  on  an  iilhmus  about  half  a  mile 
broad,  which  feparates  the  harbour  of 
St.  Peter  from  the  great  lake  of  that 
name,  alfo  called  I^ake  Labrador.  It 
is  about  10  miles  N.  E.  of  Point  Tou- 
loufe.  To  this  harbour  vefTels  of  the 
greateft  burden  can  come  with  fafer>'. 
Befo'c  the  American  revo'ution,  a  great 
fifhery  was  carried  on  here. 

Peter,  Lake  St.  a  part  of  St.  Law- 
rence river,  into  which  impty  from  the 
S.  and  E.  Sorel  river  from  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  the  river  St.  Franci!;,  and  fbmc 
fmaller  rivers,  from  the  N.  W.  TIms 
Mafquinonge,  Omachis,  &c.  enter  the 
lake.  Tbvi  centre  of  tlie  lake  is  68 
miles  above  Quebec,  and  20J  N.  E.  of 
KingftoD,  at  the  moutli  of  Lalce  Ontario. 

Peter's  Mouatain,  in  Pennfylvania, 
lies  on  Sufquehannah  river,  betweea 
HaJifiJ^  ar  d  Harrifburg,  in  Dauphin  co- 
Pet  er'^,  St.  a  river  on  the  coaft  of 
Labradci,  about  4  leagues  from  the 
ifland  cf  Bellifle»  in  the  flraits  of  tiiat 
name. 

Pf.trr,  St.  and  St.  Paulisi  river  at 
die  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Campeachy. 

Its 


,  ;  'T, 

i  t 


VJ 


m 


«\'H 


^ '.  ■' 


! 


PET 

Its  branches  form  an  ifland  called  Ta- 
bafco.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
eallern  branch  admits  fmall  veflbls.  At 
flood  there  is  from  a^  to  3  fathoms  wa- 
ter, and  very  good  anchorage  within 
the  bar. 

Pster's,  Sf.  a  parifh  of  S.  Carolina, 
in  Beaufort  djftri(ft. 

Piter's,  St.  one  of  the  N.  weftern 
branches  of  Mi(Efippi  rirer,  which  it 
Joins  in  lat.  about  45  6  N.  and  long.  94 
a»  W.— — -M  3.  For  other  places  nam- 
td  Peter  or  Peter's.    See  Pierre. 

Peters,  a  townihip  of  Franklin  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

PBTgRBOROvcH,  a  poft-town  in 
Hillfborough  co.  New-Hampfliire.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1760,  and  contains 
S61  inhabiunts.  It  is  73  miles  W.  by 
8.  of  Portfmouth,  t8  wefterly  of  Am- 
herft,  16  E.  of  Keene,  and  366  from 
Philadelphia*    N.  lat.  41  51,  W.  long. 

PBTBRSBUROia  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  in  ReniTclaer  co.  E.  of  the  vil- 
Ij^e  of  Troy,  incorporated  in  1703.  In 
X796  there  were  51a  of  tlie  inhabitants 
qualified  dehors. 

Petersburg,  a  poll-town  of  Penn- 
fylvania, in  York  co.  a  miles  north  of 
the  Maryland  line.  It  contains  a  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  and  about  80 
houfes.  It  is  35  miles  fouth-wefl  of 
York-town,  59  northerly  of  the  Federal 
City,  and  113  weft  by  fouth  of  Philadel- 
phia.   N.  lat.  39  4a  30,  W.  long.  774. 

Pbtbrsburo,  a  Imall  town  of  Ken- 
tucky, fituated  in  Woodford  co.  on  the 
E.  iide  of  Kentucky  river,  19  miles  W. 
S.  W.  of  Lexingtcm,  and  15  fouth-fouth- 
«aft  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  tobacco 
ware-houfe,  and  a  few  dwelling-iioufes. 

Petersburg,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 

ginia,  and  a  place  of  condderable  trade ; 
tuated  in  Dinwiddle  co.  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  bank  of  Appamatox  river,  juft  be- 
low the  falls,  about  45  miles  fouth  of 
Richmond.  It  contains  about  300  houf- 
«8,  built  irregularly.  The  Free  Mafon's 
Hall  is  a  handfome  building ;  there  are 
feveral  tobacco  ware-houfes,  flores  of 
dry  goods,  and  fome  few  neat  and  com- 
modious dwelling-houfes.  This  town  is 
a  corporation,  and  comprehends  the  vil- 
lage of  Blandford,  in  Prince  George's 
cu.  and  Powhatan  in  Cheflerfield  co. 
on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river.  It 
contains  2,828  inhabitants,  including 
1,265  flavcs.  The  lituation  of  the  tpwn 
i«;Iww  aod  rath«r  unhealthy.   From  the 


Pet 

Infpeftor's  books  it  appears,  that  on  art 
average  for  the  laft  10  years,  the  quan- 
tity of  tobacco  received  here  has  con- 
iiderably  exceeded  20,000  hhds.  per 
annunri ;  and  for  the  laft  three  years  the 
quantity  of  flour  made  in  this  town  and 
within  an  hundred  yards  of  it,  has  ex- 
ceeded 38,000  barrels  ;  at  other  mills 
within  a  few  miles,  i<S,ooo  barrels  per 
annum ;  to  this  add  the  flour  made  at 
the  feveral  country  mills,  and  brought 
to  this  place  for  fale,  the  whole  quanti- 
ty may  fately  be    ftated    to    exceed 
60,000  barrels  per  annum.    The  whole 
exporu  of  this  town,  valued  at  the  ufual 
peace  prices,  amount  to  1,389,300  dolls, 
befides  the  value  of  peach  and  apple 
brandy,  whifkey,  &c.    not    included. 
The  Indian  princcfs,  Pocahontas,  the 
daughter  of  king  Powhatan,  from  whom 
defcended  the  Randolph  and  Bowling 
families,  formerly  relided  at  this  place. 
li  is  80  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norfolk, 
159  S.  by  W.  of  Alexandria,  and  303 
fouth-welt  by  fouth  of  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  37  14,  W.  long.  78  8. 

Petbrsburo,  a  very  flourilhing 
pofl-tC'.vn  of  Georgia,  in  Elbert  co.  in 
a  pj  ^'^-^  and  healthful  (ituation,  on  the 
point  o.  land  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  Broad  with  Savannan  river.  Several 
refpedlable  merchants  are  fettled  in  this 
toun.  It  is  15  miles  from  Elberton,  20 
N.  by  E.  of  Walhington,  50  above  Au- 
gufta,  73  N.  of  Louifville,  and  836  from 
Philadelphia.    N.  lat.  33  46,  W.  long. 

81  3«- 

Petersham, a flourifhing and  pleai* 
ant  townfhip  in  Worcefter  co.  Mafia* 
chufetts,  formerly  called  by  the  Indians 
NicSenvaug:  fituated  a8  miles  N.  W. 
of  Worcefter,  and  66  W.  of  Bofton. 
Swift  river,  a  branch  of  Chickopee  riv- 
er, pafl'es  through  this  town.  The  foil 
is  rich  and  fertHe,  and  here  are  large 
and  excellent  orchards. 

Petit  Anse,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  2^ 
leagues  fouth  of  Cape  Francois. 

Petitcodiak,  a  river  which  falls 
into  an  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  called 
Chegnefto  Channel.  The  Indians  have 
a  communication  from  the  head  of  it 
with  St.  John's  river,  by  a  portage 
acrofs  to  the  head  of  Kennebeciius. 

Petit-Goufre,  or  the  LitiU  Whirl- 
pool, in  Mifliflppi  river,  is  3 1  miles  f roni 
Fort  Rofalie,  and  4  miles  from  Bayou!; 
Pierre,  or  Stony  river. 

Pbtit-Guaves,  or  Coave,  &  jurif- 

di(^icin, 


PET 

di<fHuD,  town,  and  bay,  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
thcS.peninfulaoftlic  iHand  of  St.Domin- 
gn,  and  near  the  head  ofihc  Bay  or  Bite 
ofLcoganc.  The  jurifUidtion  contains 
f  pariihcs,  and  is  the  unlieahhieil  place 
ifi  ti:-:  colony,  the  inhabitants  being  con* 
ftantly  fubicft  to  fevers,  occaGoncd  by 
the  badncfs  of  the  waters.  Its  depen- 
dencies, however,  arc  healthy,  and  are 
icmarkab.'f;  for  the  culture  of  coffee, 
lu  exports  from  January -i,  1789,  to 
December  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were 
a7,o9o  lb.  white  fugar — 655,187  lb. 
brown  fugar — 807,865  lb.  coffee — 
50,053  lb.  cotton,  and  a  10  lb.  indigo. 
The  value  of  duties  on  exportation  of 
the  above,  was  4,127  dollars  07  cents. 
The  town  lies  on  the  E.  (ide  of  the  bay, 
aj  leagues  weftward  of  Grand  Guave, 
and  I4i  W.  by  S.  of  Port-au-Prince. 
N.  lat.  18  17,  W.  lone,  from  Paris,  75 
14.  Some  writers  call  the  great  bay, 
which  is  commonly  called  die  Bay, 
Dight,  or  Bite  of  Leogune,  by  the  name 
iit  Petit  Guaves. 

Petit  Port,  on  the  W.  fide  of  New- 
foundland liland,  towards  the  S.  end  ; 
is  about  5  J  leagues  N.  of  Cape  Ray, 
and  one  S.  of  Anguiile  Cgpe.  N.  lat. 
47  5»  30.  W.  long.  59  15. 

Per  IT  Port,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
otherwife  called  Pertete,  or  Little  Forty 
lies  a  fhort  way  northward  of  the  equa- 
tor, and  about  5  leagues  to  the  S.  E. 
within  the  bay  from  Cape  Francis  to 
Cape  Paffado  on  the  S.  by  W,  There  is 
anchorage  in  5  fathoms,  and  plenty  of 
fteih  water  near  die  head  land,  which 
is  high.  It  is  neceffary  to  foimd,  on 
account  of  the  fand-banb;,  called  the 
Fortetes. 

FrtiT  Tiuvlh  ijlartd,  near  Dcfeada, 
in  the  Weft-Indivs.  N.  lat.  16  14,  W. 
kng.  61  zi. 

Petite  Ri^ierb,  a  fmall  town  in 
the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, clofe  to  the  Spanidi  divifion  line 
i|  leagues  N.  by  N.  W.  of  Varettes, 
and  fcpa'ated  from  it  by  the  river  Arti- 
bonite  ;  10  leagues  £.  by  N.  of  St. 
Marc,  and  as  far  N.  W.  of  Mirebalais. 
N.  lat.  19  8,  W.  long,  from  Paris,  74 
48. 

Petit  Trow,  is  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  fouth  peniniiila  of  the  illand  of  St. 
Domingo,  on  the  point  of  land  which 
forms  toe  eall  lide  of  the  entrance  into 
the  Bay  of  Baradaires ;  4^  leagues  weft- 
wfttd  of  Anfc  a  Vcau,  and  19  ealtctly  of 
JfereiQie,     '^--  —  * 


P  H  1 

Petit  Trou,  a  fmall  cove  on  the 
fouth  (ide  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo, 
S.  by  W.  of  the  njouih  of  Ncybc  river, 
and  about  5  leagues  N.  E.  of  Bcatc  Ifl- 
and. Small  barks  come  to  tliis  place 
from  St.  Domingo  city,  to  ff;tch  the 
meat,  lard,  and  fowls  dcrJAtd  from  the 
chafe. 

PErTQUOTTiNC,  a  river  of  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  which  empties  into  Lake 
Erie,  from  the  fouth,  near  Huron  river. 

Peyton SBURG,  the  chief  towr\  of 
Halifax  co.  Virginia,  having  a  court- 
houfe  and  5  or  6  other  houfes,  three  of 
which  arc  ordinaries  or  taverns. 

PHiLADELfHiA,  a  towiilliip  in  Rut- 
land CO.  Vermont,  about  i  j  miles  E.  of 
Orwell.    It  contains  .19  inhabitants. 

Phi  LAOELPHiA,  a  populousand  high- 
ly cultivated  co.  of  Pennfylvania,  bound- 
ed W.  by  Delaware  co.  N.  W.  by  Mont- 
gotnery  j  N.  E.  by  Poqualin  Creek, 
which  feparatcs  it  from  Buck's  co.  and 
S.  and  b.  E.  by  the  river  Delaware, 
which  divides  it  from  the  State  of  New- 
Jerfey.  It  conuins  about  89,600  acres, 
and  is  divided  into  11  tovvniliips.  Oa 
the  banks  of  Schuylkill,  in  this  county, 
is  an  excellent  quarry  of  marble,  from 
which  the  ftone-cutters  of  Philadelphia 
are  fupplied.  It  contains,  bcfides  Phila- 
delphia, its  capiul,  11,871  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1 14  are  flaves. 

Philadelphia,  tlie  metropolis  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  the  prefent  feat  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States,  is 
fituated  in  the  county  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  the  weitern  bank  of  the  river 
Delaware,  which  is  here  a  mile  broad. 
It  lies  in  lat.  39  5654  N.  and  long.  75 
8  45  W.  from  London;  diflant  about 
120  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by 
tlie  courfe  of  the  bay  and  river,  and  a- 
bout  55  or  60  in  a  fouth-eaftward  direc- 
tion. A  74  gun  (hip  can  come  up  to 
this  city  ;  floops  go  35  miles  farther  to 
Trenton  ;  and  boats  that  carry  8  or  9 
tons  can  go  100  miles  farther  up  the 
Delaware.  It  was  laid  out  by  William 
Penn,  the  firft  proprietary  and  founder 
of  the  province,  in  the  year  1683,  and 
fettled  by  a  colony  from  FoKland, 
which  arrived  in  that  and  the  preced- 
ing years,  and  was  increafed  by  a  con- 
l\:ant  and  regular  influx  of  foreigners, 
to  fo  great  a  degree,  that  in  lefs  than 
a  century,  and  within  the  lifetime  of 
the  firft  perfon  born  within  it  of  Euro> 
pean  parents,  it  was  computed  to  coo- 
tai9  6}00«  houlish  aad49>o^  inhaUt- 

aau, 


(■» 


f    , 


PH  I 

ants,  in  tlie  city  and  fuburbs.  The 
ground  plot  of  the  city  is  an  oblong 
Iquare,  about  one  mile  N.  and  S.  and 
two  E.  and  W.  lying  in  the  narroweft 
part  of  the  iilhnius  oetween  the  Dela- 
ware and  Schuylkill  rivers,  about  5 
miles  in  a  right  line  above  their  conflu- 
ence. In  the  beginning  of  this  fcttlc- 
ment,  it  was  expelled  that  the  fronts 
on  both  livers  v/ou'  I  be  firft  improved 
for  the  convenience  of  trade  ar.d  navi- 
gation, and  that  the  buildings  would 
extend  gradually  in  the  rear  of  each, 
until  they  would  meet  and  form  one 
town,  extending  from  E.  to  W.  But 
it  was  foon  found  that  the  Delaware 
front  was  alone  fulficient  for  quays  and 
landing-places.  The  buildings  now 
occupy  a  I'pace  not  exceeding  .^  miles 
in  length  from  N.  to  S.  and  in  the  moll 
extended  part  do  not  reacli  a  mile  from 
the  Delaware.  The  city  is  inteii*e6ted 
by  a  great  number  of  Itreets,  croiling 
each  otlier  at  right  angles.  Of  thcle 
tliere  were  originally  9,  which  extend- 
ed from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill ; 
thefe  were  croffiid  by  2,^,  running  N. 
and  S.  The  E.  and  W.  ftreets,  except 
High-flreet,  are  named  after  the  trees 
lirft  found  by  the  colony  on  their  arri- 
val in  the  country,  viz.  Vine,  SaiTafrasj. 
Mulberry,  Chefnut,  Walnut,  Spruce, 
rine,  and  Cedar  i  which  laft  is.  the. 
Ibuthern  boundary  of  the  city.  The 
flreets  running  N.  and  S.  receive  their 
names  from  their  numerical  order,  be- 
ginning at  Delaware  river  ;  Front  is 
iHrJitUitTi  Secottd,aud6}oa  to  Thifta-nih 
Itreet,  whence  tlie  luinicrical  order 
ceafes  fronj  Delaware  front,  and  begins 
at  Schuylkill  in  the  fame  order,,  us  Firft, 
Second,  &c.  to  Eighth-ftreet,  between 
whidi  and  Thirteenth-ilicet,  is  Broad- 
ftreet,  fo  named  from  its  being  the 
wideA  in  the  city.  The  number  of 
fquares  in  the  original  plan  was  184  ; 
but  as  federal  of  the  fquai  es  Iw  vc  lately 
btien  interfedled  by  new  ftreets,  tlieir 
number  now  amounts  to  304  ;  and  fev- 
«ral  of  thcfe  are  again  interfered  by 
lanes  and  alleys.  Broad- llreet  is  1^13 
feet  wide ;  Uigh-ftreet  100  ;  Mulberry, 
to  ;  and  Uie  oUier  flreets  in  the  original 
I^aa  50  feet  wide.  Mofl  of  tlie  city  is 
well  paved  with  neat  foot  paths  of  brick, 
furnimed  with  common  fewers  and  gut- 
ters ;  (b  that  the  flreets  are,  in  general, 
kept  very  clean  and  neat.  Beiides  the 
ftreets  already  mentioned,  there  »re 
jeveral  otbvi  wl  Wd  down  ir  tbe 


P  H  Ir 

original  plan,  as  Water,  Dock,  Cherry, 
Penn,  Prune,  &c.  Water-flrcet  is  only 
,^0  feet  wide,  and  extends  from  the 
]^Iorthera  Liberties  acrofs  the  Dock,  to 
Pine-flreet,  parallel  to  the  courfe  of  the 
Delaware,  and  between  it  and  Front- 
llreet.  The  fpace  occupied  by  it  was 
intended,  in  the  original  plan,  to  ferve 
only  as  a  cart-way  to  accommodate  tlie 
wharves  and  flores,  fo  that  the  river 
(hould  be  open  to  the  view  from  Front- 
llreet.  ft  is  now  built  with  lofty  houfes 
(except  a  very  few  vacancies  here  and 
there)  throughout  the  whole  front,  and 
commodious  wharves  are  extended  inta 
the  river,  at  which  the  laro^ft  Ihips 
thatufe  Ui^.  ^.^r'  can  lie  infafety,  to 
receive  and  difcharge  their  cargoes  ; 
and  are  defended  from  the  ice,  in  win- 
ter, by  the  piers,  made  of  logs,  extend- 
ing into  the  river,  funk  with  flone,  and 
lilied  with  earth,  fo  as  to  be  equally 
lirm.  with  thi;  main  land.  Dock-flreet, 
was  formaly  a  fwamp,  wkh  a  fniall 
flream  luiining  through  the  middle  of 
it..  It  i&  from  ^,0  to  100  feet  wide,  and 
winds  Borth-weflward  in  a  ferpentine- 
track,  through  feveral  flreets..  It  is 
planted  on  each  fide  witli  a  row  of 
Lombardy  poplars^  and  promifes  to  be 
one  of  the  plealantefl  Itreets  in  the  city. 
No  lefs  tlKin  66s  lamps  of  two  branches- 
each,  difpoft;d  at  convenient  diflances,. 
in  ull  parts  of  the  city,  are  lighted  every 
night,  and  are  ellimated  to  confume. 
annually,  nearly  9,000  gallons  of  oil.. 
The  houfes  in  tlie  city  and  fiiburb",  are 
generally  of  brick,  three  floties  high, 
m  a  plain  neat  flylu,  without  much  dif- 
plav  of  otnament.  The  g^eneral  height 
of  tne  ground  on  which  the  city  flands,. 
is  nearly  40  feet  above  the  Delaware  ; 
but  foine  of  the  flreets  are  confiderably 
lower,  particularly  VVater-ftreet ;  fcve- 
rJ  flores  in  which,  have  fcnetimes  re- 
ceived much  damage  when  the  river 
happened  to  be  railed  by  a  high  flooJ, 
and  a  fliong  fouth-eafl  wind.  Here  are. 
27  places  for  public  worlhip,  viz.  ^  tor 
Friends  or  Qiuikcrs„6  for  toe  Prefbytc- 
rians  and  Seccders,  3  for  Epifcopalians, 
3  for  Roman  Catholics,  »  for  Germao 
Lutherans,  a  for  Mcthodifls,  j  for  Ger- 
man Calvinifls,  i  for  Swedilh  Lutherans, 
which  is  the  oldcft  church  in  town,  s 
for  the  Moravians,  i  for  BaptiAs,  i  for 
Africans,  and  a  Jewiih  iynacogue.  The 
firfl  Prefbyverian  churcn  ifrhnifhed  witk 
a  degree  of  elegance  that  would  do 
Wour  to  any  city  ia  Europe..    Tho 

roof    ■ 


:k,  Cherrv, 
rcet  is  only 
5  from  the 
le  Dock,  to 
ourfe  of  the 
and  Front- 
d  by  it  was 
Ian,  to  ferve 
imodatetlie 
at  the  river 
from  Front- 
lofty  houfes 
ies  here  and 
le  front,  and 
xtcndcd  into 
largeft  fliips 
iniafety,  to 
eir  cargoes  ; 
I  ice,  in  win- 
logs,  extend- 
ith  ftone,  and 
■ja  be  equally 
Dock-ftreet. 
wkh  a  fmall 
the  middle  of 
feet  wide,  and 
I  a  ferpcntine- 
ftreets..   It  is 
ridi  a  row  of 
promifes  to  be 
ets  in  the  city. 
f  two  branches. 
ient  diftances,. 
:  lighted  every 
1  to  confume. 
oallons  of  oil. 
k1  f.ibui-b-,  are 
;  ftoties  high, 
\oat>  much  oif- 
<Tenera;  height 
lie  city  ftands^ 
he  Delaware  ; 
e  confiderably 
r-ftreet ;.  fcve- 
foTietimes  rc- 
fhen  the  river 
y  a  high  flood, 
Mnd.   Here  are. 
hip,  viz.  a  for 
r  the  Picfbytc- 
Epifcopaliatjs, 
»  for  Germao 
ifts,  J  for  Ger- 
di(h  Lutherans* 
rch  in  town,  i 
BapliAs,  1  for 
nagogtie.  Tha 
ifrfinilhed  witlv 
that  would  do 
Eufope^    Tha 


Put 

r66f  is  Tupported  in  front  by  fix  pillars, 
finifhed  in  the  Corinthian  order ;  but 
as  it  ftands  in  an  obfcurc  place,  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  Market-ftrcct,  it  is 
feen  to  difadvantage.  The  German 
Lutheran  church,  whicli  was  built  not 
many  years  fince,  was  unfiirtunatcly 
burnt  in  the  winter  of  179^.  The  new 
1)uilding,  now  nearly  finiHied,  is  108 
feet  by  48  ;  and  when  completed  will 
be  one  of  the  handfomeft  churches  in 
the  United  States.  Mr.  D.  Taneberger, 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  United 
Brethren,  at  Letiz,  a  man  of  extraordi- 
nary mechanical  genius,  completed  and 
*refted  a  large  opgan  for  this  church, 
but  it  received  much  injury  when  the 
roof  and  infide  of  the  building  were 
confumed,  before  the  pipes  could  be  dif- 
cngaged.  Chrift  Cliurch  ftands  on  the 
.weft  fide  of  Sccond-ftrect,  between 
High  and- Mulberry  ftreets.  It  is  an 
old  Gothic  ftruftiu-e,  and  is  ornamented 
with  a  handfonie  fteeple,  and  furnifhed 
with  a  chime  of  bells.  The  fecond 
prefbyterian  church,  at  the  corner  of 
Midberry  and  Third  ftireets,  is  alfo 
ornamented  with  a  handfome  fteeple. 
The  Epifcopalian  cluirches  are  fur- 
tilfhed  each  with  an  organ,  as  are  the 
German,  and  two  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic churches.  The  African  church 
is  a  large,  neat  building.  It  is  fup- 
plied  with  a  negro  clergyman,  who 
has  been  lately  ordained  by  the  bifliop. 
They  are  of  the  Epifcopalian  order. 
The  othfr  public  buildings  are,  a  State- 
houfe  and  offices,  two  city  court-houfcs, 
a  coimty  court-houfe,  an  univerfity,  die 
philofophical  fociety's  hall,  a  public  li- 
brary, an  hofpital,  difpeniiiry,  an  almf- 
houle,  a  gaol,  three  incorporiitecl  banks, 
two  dramatic  theatres,  a  medical  thea- 
tre, a  labaratory,  an  amphitheatre,  ^ 
&rick  market  houfe%  and  one  which  is 
to  be  eredted  in  Front -ftreet,  in  the 
Nortliem  Liberties,  a  filh  market,  a 
poufeof  correiflion,  and  a  powder  mag- 
azine which  contains  often  upwards  of 
50,000  quarter  cafl<s  of  gun-powder. 
The  ftate-houfe  ftands  on  the  S.  fide 
of  ChefnuNftrpet,  between  Fifth  and 
Sixth  ftreets,  and  was  ere(5ted  about  the 
year  1 7j  n  and,  confidering  the  infancy 
ftf  the  colony,  the  architt^ure  is  much 
ndynired.  The  ftatc-houfe  garden  oc- 
cupies a  whole  fquare  ;  it  is  a  fmall 
iieat  place,  ornamented  with  feveral 
rows  6(  trees  and  gravel  walks,  and 
{i)doi(:d  by  a  high  fcnck  wall  od  three 


PHI       •' 

fides,  and  the  ftate-houfe,  &c.Jon  the 
other.  Pottersfield,  formerly  a  public 
burying  ground,  is  now  converted  into 
a  public  walk,  and  planted  with  row* 
of  I.ombardy  poplais  on  each  iide. 
When  the  trees  are  grown,  and  the 
ground  levelled,  it  will  be  one  of  the 
moft  pleafant  promenades  in  the  vicin- 
ity. The  legiflature  of  the  United 
States  hold  their  feffions  in  an  elegant 
building  in  the  N.  W.  corner  ofthe 
ftate-houfe  yard.  In  the  N.  E.  corner 
of  the  yard,  adjoining  the  left  wing  of 
the  ftate-houfc,  is  the  town-hall  or 
new  court-hoiife  ■;  S.  of  which  is  the 
Philofophical  hall.  Here  Mr.  Peal 
keeps  his  mufeum,  by  permiffion  ofthe 
philofophical  fociety.  It  is  the  largeft 
collection  of  natural  curiofities  that  is  to 
be  found  in  America.  In  it  are  4  00  fpe- 
cies  of  birds,  fome  living  animals,  &c. 
Ofjpofite  the  philofophical  hall  is  the 
PhHadelphia  library;  thefe  add  much 
to  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the 
fquare.  The  Philadelphia  library  orig- 
inated with_  Dr.  Franklin,  and  was  in- 
corporated in  174a,  fince  which  time 
the  colleifticn  of  books  has  been  gready 
augmented.  At  prefent,  it  contains  up- 
wa:rds  of  13,000  volumes,  bofides  a  mu- 
feum and  a  valuable  philofophical  ap- 
paratus. It  is  open  every  day  in  the 
week,  except  Sunday;  and  any  perfon 
who  has  an  inclination  or  tafte  for  read- 
ing may  here  indulge  or  improve  either 
to  great  advantage.  The  library  is  ftir- 
niftied  with  tables  and  feats ;  and  a  ftran- 
ger,  without  any  introduftion,  may  call 
for  any  book  he  wants,  and  lit  down 
and  perufe  it  as  long  as  he  pleafes. 
Thole  who  prefer  their  chambers  to 
read  in,  may  receive  books  out  ofthe 
library,  by  leaving  a  depofit,  as  fecurity 
for  the  return  or  them,  and  paying  a 
moderate  fum  for  the  ufe  of  them.  The 
proprietors  amount  to  feveral  hundreds, 
and  each  fubfcriber  pays  ten  ftiillings 
annually,  for  defraying  expenfcs  and 
making  new  additions.  To  the  library 
is  annexed  a  rare  and  valuable  collection 
of  books,  the  begueft  of  James  Logan, 
Eli?,  to  the  public.  The  building  be- 
longing  to  the  Library  Company  is  re- 
markably elegant,  and  has  a  fine  ap- 
pearance. In  front  of  the  building,  irt 
a  niche  over  the  door,  is  a  handlome 
ftatue  of  Dr.  Franklin,  the  donation  of 
William  Bingham,  Efq.  to  the  company. 
It  is  of  white  marble,  was  executed  lit 
Italy,  and  is  faid  to  have  coft  £s9o. 

The 


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[f.' 


The  piiblic  gaol  ftands  in  the  next 
fquare,  fouth  of  the  ftatchoufe  yard. 
It  is  a  hollow  fquare,  too  feet  in  front, 
built  of  ftone,  three  ftories  high.  All 
the  apartments  are  arched  with  ftone, 
as  a  precaution  againft  fire  ;  and  it  is 
the  largeil,  rtrongeft,  and  neateft  build- 
ing of"  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 
To  the  gaol  is  annexed  a  work-houfe. 
with  yards  to  keep  the  fexes  apart,  ana 
criminals  from  the  debtors.  There  are 
alfo  apartments  lately  codded  for  the  fol- 
itary  confinement  of  criminals.  The 
whole  is  feairely  inclofedby  ftone  walls. 
The  marketrhoufe,  in  High-ftrcet,  is 
perhaps  excc(^ded  by  none,  in  the  world, 
in  the  abundance,  neatncfs  and  variety 
of  proi-ilions,  wisich  are  expofed  for  fale 
r?ery  Wednefday  and  Saturday.  Butch- 
ers' meat  and  regetables  may  be  had 
any  othpr  day,  exqept  Sunday,  It 
extends  from  Front  to  Fourth-llreet, 
jind  is  fuppotted  by  .loo  pillars,  The 
new  theatre  In  Cheinut-ftreet,  ncfir  tjie 
iftate-houfe,  is  large  and  convenient. 
It  was  finiihed  in  1793.  Further  weft, 
is  afpacious_buil4iog;  intended  for  the 
jjcconimodfitien  of  the  Prefident  of  the 
United  Stiites,  but  is  not  occupied  by 
^im.  Oppodte  to  the  new  theatre  is 
the  amphitheatre,  wherein  feats  of 
horfemanniip  are,  at  certain  feafons, 
performed  with  great  dexterity,  lijr  the 
amufement  pf  the  cipzens.  It  is  a 
large  cQmmo4iQus  building.  The  qni- 
verliry  ftands  op  the  weft  fide  of  Fourth- 
ftrect,  (jetwe^n  High  and  Mulberry 
greets.  It  was  formed  by  the  \inion  of 
two  literacy  inftiti)tions»  which  had  pre- 
vioufly  exifted  a  confiderable  time  ii) 
Philadelphia,  one  defignated  by  the 
above  name  ;  the  other,  by  that  of  the 
college,  apademy  and  charitable  fchools 
of  Philadelphia.  They  now  conftitute 
fi  very  refpeiftable  feminary.  It  was  in- 
Corp(»ratcd  in  J791.  The  phijnfophic- 
9I  apparatiiR,  which  Avas  before  very 
pomplete,  has  been  lately  increafed  to 
the  v:|,lue  of  fever^l  bimdred  pounds. 
The  funds  of  the  univerfity  produce 
annuallv,  a  revenue  of  about  jC»»3!6;j. 
The  aggregate  rjuniber  of  ftudents,  in 
the  fevcral  fchool$,  is,  on  arp  average, 
about  CIO,  And  the  number  ufualiy  ad- 
mitted to  (legreps  in  each  year,  about  15. 
The  Friend^'  academy  and  Young  La- 
dies' academy,  are  »Uo  refpe(5^(ible  and 
jifcful  cftabliihmeots.  The  chief  liten^- 
fY  and  humane  focieties  are  the  Ameri- 
K^  ;f»hilofpphi<:iil  foc»§tyf  tbp  ?9llegc 


ofphyfidansi  the  focietyfor  proMQ, 
ting  political  inquiries  ;  the  Pennfylva- 
nia  hofpital ;  the  Philadelphia  dnpen-. 
fary ;  the  Pennfylvania  fociety  for  the 
abolition  of  flavery ;  the  fociety  for  alle<, 
viating  the  miferies  of  prifons  ;  the 
Pennlylv^inia  fociety  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  manufa(5tures  and  ufefulartsj 
the  Philadelphia  fociety  for  the  in- 
formation ana  afliftance  of  immigrants, 
and  two  other  focieties  of  the  i'ama 
kind  J  one  fof  the  relief  of  German^ 
and  another  for  the  relief  of  Irifh  irami, 
grants  ^  and  an  humane,  an  agricultur- 
al, manne,  and  various  charitable  focie- 
ties. Here  is  a  Grand  Lodge  of  Fre« 
and  Accepted  Mafons,  and  8  fqbordin- 
ate  lodges.  _  The  Irfurance  Company 
of  N.  America,  lately  eftablilhed  hefc, 
is  in  high  repute,  and  infbre  houfes, 
goods,  &c.  againft  fire,  on  very  reafon- 
able  terms.  Few  cijies  in  the  world  of 
the  fame  population  and  riches  as  Phil- 
adelphia, are  better  provided  with  ufe- 
fill  inftitutions,  both  public  and  private. 
There  are  alfo  a  fiifljcient  number  of  a- 
cademies  for  the  inftru<5iion  pf  both  fex- 
es. Almoft  every  religious  fociety  has 
one  or  more  fchools  \uider  its  immedi- 
ate diredtion,  where  children  belonging 
to  the  fociety  are  taught  to  read  and 
write,  apd  are  fumiftied  wit]i  books  an4 
ft^tionary  arucles.  In  the  city  and  fub- 
urbs  are  10  rope-walks  which  manur 
fa(fhire  abput  8^0  tons  of  hemp  annual- 
ly—-13  breweries,  which  are  faid  tp 
confurae  50,000  bufbels  of  barley  year-* 
1  y — 6  fugar-houfes— 7  hair-powder  man, 
ufiiftories  jn  and  about  town— rtwo  runi 
diftilleries,  and  one  reiflifying  diftillery 
—t3  card-manufaftoiies.  The  otlier 
manufadories  are,  15  for  e;|rtlien>ware 
— 6  for  chocolate — 4  for  muftard — 3 
for  cut-nails,  and  one  for  patent-nails—^ 
one  for  fteel— one  for  aqua-forti»-wone 
fqr  f?|l-ammoniac,  and  glauber-falts— one 
for  oil  colours— I  r  for  bruflies — »  for 
buttons— -pne  for  Morocco  leather,  an4 
one  for  parchment;  befides  gun-m;^- 
kers,  copper-fmiths,  batters,  tin  plater 
workers,  coach-makers,  cabinet-maker^ 
and  a  variety  of  others.  The  piiblifl 
mint,  at  which  the  national  money  is 
coined,  is  in  this  city.  The  great  num- 
ber of  paper-mills  m  the  State  enable 
the  printers  to  carry  on  their  bufinels 
more  extenfively  thMQ  is  done  in  any 
other  place  in  Ajnerica.  There  are  31 
printing-o^ces  in  this  city;  four  of 
t|\efe  publish  e^ch  It  fl(uly  gazette ;  twq 
.  .  pther* 


br  prom«« 
Pennfylva- 
Ilia  cmpen-i 
;ty  for  the 
etyforaUe* 
ifons  ;   the 
encourage- 
uieful  arts  j 
for  the   in- 
immigrants, 
>f  the  ikma 
of  German, 
f  Irifti  immii 
n  agricultur- 
ritable  focie- 
idge  of  Freai 
i  8  fqbordin- 
ce  Company 
iblilhed  here, 
nfure  houfes, 
\  very  reafon- 
i  the  world  of 
riches  as  Phil- 
ided  with  ufe^ 
ic  and  private, 
t  number  of  a- 
onofbothfex- 
ous  fociety  ha« 
,er  itsimroedi- 
dren  belorjjirg 
It  to  read  and 
to  books  and 
^e  city  and  iubt 
which  manuf 
f  hemp  annual- 
:h  are  faid  to. 
of  barley  year- 
ir-powderman> 
own-^two  rum 
lying  diftiUery 
.     The  otlitr 
ir  eartlien-waro 
or  muftard — .■? 
r  paientnails-- ! 
qua-forti»-wOne 
iber-falts— one 
brulhes— a  fo? 
:co  leather,  an4 
lefidcs  gun-mar 
ttqrs,  tin  platOt 
cabinet'OUkerV 
i.     'the  \».\hW 
.ional  money  i» 
Jhe  great  nam- 
lie  Sute  enable 
)n  their  buf»n<^*5 
i»  done  in  any 
There  are  31 
r  city;  four  of 
ily  gaictte ;  tw« 
ptUcF* 


^ers  pi^lifh  gazettes  twice  a  we^k ; 
one  of  thefe  is  m  the  French  language ; 
Jtjcfides  two  weekly  papers,  one  ofwhich 
is  in  the  German  language.  _  The  oth- 
er  oillces   are  employed   in  printing 
books,  pamphlets,  &c.    The  catalogue 
of  books  for  fale  in  v  :s  city,  contains 
upwards  of  3po  fets  of  Philadelphia 
editions,  befioes  a  greater  variety  of 
maps  and  charts  than  is  to  be  found 
any   where  elfe  in   America.     The 
pleafure-carriages  within  the  city  and 
Uberties,    according    to   enumeration, 
are  as  follow^  viz.  two-wheeled  carri- 
ages, 553.    Light  waggons,  80 ;  coach- 
e%  137  >  phaetons,  a  a  :  chariots,  35  j 
find  coachees,  33 ;  the  whole  amounting 
to  307  four-wheeled  carnages.    The 
foads  are  good,  and  becoming  b«tter  ; 
itage-coaches  perform  Uie  journey  from 
jLjiis  city  to  Lancafter  in  1 1  hours,  on 
the  new  turnpike  road ;  the  diftance  is 
5$  miles.    This  city  is  governed  by  a 
niayor,  re(:onder,  15  aldermen,  and  ;;o 
ipommon  council-men  ;  according  to  its 
£refent  charter.granted  in  theyear  1 789- 
The  mayor,  recorder,  8  aldermen,  and 
16  comnion  counciUmen  make  a  Quorum 
to  tr^nfad  bjilinels;  they  h^ve  full  pow^r 
to  conftitute  and  ordain  laws  and  ordi- 
pances  for  the  governinfl;  of  the  city;  the 
piayor,  re<:order,  and  aldermen  are  juf- 
tices  of  the  peace,  and  jnftices  of  oyer 
and  terminer.    They  hold  a  court  four 
^iniett  a  year,  to  take  cognizance  of  all 
primes   and  mifdemeanors  committed 
yithin  the  city »  two  ajdermen,  appoint- 
ed by  the  mayor  and  recorder,  hold  a 
court  on  the  forenoon  of  Monday  and 
Thurfday  of  eyery  week,  to  judge  of  all 
matters  which  arc  cognizable  before  a 
juftice  of  the  peace,     The  trade  of 
Pennfylvania  is  principally  carried  on 
iiom  this  city,  and  there  j\re  few  com- 
inercial  pons  ip  the  world,  where  (hips 
from  Philadcljphia  may  not  be  tbund  in 
(bme  feafon  or  the  year.    The  number 
of  vefTels  iwhich  entered  tliis  port  in 
1786,  was  9»oi  in  1787,  870  ;  in  1788, 
I51 ;  in  I7a3»  i,4U.of  which  477  were 
(hips;  in  i79;»  i,6ao,  viz.  Iliips,  158  ; 
barks    and    inows,  a6  }    brigs,  450  ; 
ifchfjpners,  5p6  }  floops,  480.    Clearan- 
ces, 1,789.    Jt  is  not  mentioned  how 
piaay  of  tliefe  were  coafting  veflels. 
^be  number  of  yeffels  built  in  1795, 
was  31,  of  which  ^3  were  (hips  and 
^rigs.    In  Uic  year  1797,  Philadelphia 
ihipped  4ao,ooo  barrels  of  Aour  and 
1Ri(i4Ung3|  in  I794I  30Ci75l«     The 


value  of  the  exports  from  tjie  Sute  m 

the  year  endingSeptember  30, 1791,  was 
3.436.09a  dollars   58    cents  ;    179a, 
3,8ao,66a    dollars  ;    179^,   6,958,836 
dollars;  I794» 6,643,09* dollars;  1795, 
iz,5i8,a6o  dollars.   The  licknefs  in  the 
autumn  of  1 793,  and  the  embargo  in  the 
fpring  following,  interrupted  the  com. 
nierce  of  Philadelphia  for  nearly  five 
montlis.    The  exifting  war  has  occa- 
lioned  fome  extrac  'dinary  articles  in  tlie 
exportation  of  late  ;  coffee,  &c.  have 
been  carried  to  Philadelphia,  and  from 
thence  to  Hamburg,  as  neutral  ports. 
The  environs  of  the  city  are  veiy  pleaf^ 
ant,  and  finely  cultivated.  In  the  north- 
ward are  Kenlington,  near  the  fuburbs 
on  Delaware,  noted  for  fliip.building  ; 
Germantown,  a  populous,  neat  village 
with  a  German  churches  ;  and  Frank* 
fort,  anodier  pretty  village,  both  withio 
7  miles,  betides  many  country-feats.  la 
the  fouth  is  Derby,  a  Ihiall  pleafant  bo- 
rough, above  7  railes  diftant ;  and,  oa 
Schuylkill,  4  niiles  from  the  city,  the 
botanical  garden  of  Meflrs.  Bartrams. 
In  the  weft,  on  the  fame  river,  18  acre* 
of  ground  have  been  lately  deftined  for 
a  public  botanical  garden.    According 
to  a  lift  publifhed  of  the  births  ana 
deaths  in  the  itiveral  religious  ibcieties 
of  Philadelphia,  it  appears  that  from 
Auguft  1, 179a,  to  Auguft  1, 1793,  the 
biruis  amounted  to  3,5 1 1,  and  the  deaths 
to  1,497.    In  the  year  1793,  PhUadeU 
phia  was  vifited  with  a  feveie  fcourge, 
the  yellow  fever,  which  raged  with  un- 
common violence  for  above  3  months, 
and  in  that  fliort  fpace  Iwept  off  nearly 
5,000  inhabitants.    The  humane  efforts 
of  a  committee  of  health,  appointed  by 
the  citizens,  were  highly  inftrumental 
in  diminilhing  the  calamity.    A  few 
weeks  after  this  difordcr  ceafed  to  rage, 
tlie  trade  of  the  city  was  reftored  in  a 
manner  incredible  to  any  but  eye-wit- 
refles.    It  is  an  honoiirabie  proof  of  the 
humane  attention  paid  to  the  piifoners 
in  this  city  that  of  4oC!o  debtors,  and 
4000  criminals,  who  were  confined  in 
Philadelphia  gaol  between  the  aSth  of 
September  1 780,  and  the  5th  of  Septem* 
her  1790,  only  tnuche  died  a  natural 
death.  In  r  794,  there  were  9,00c  houfes 
in  this  city,  and  400  which  v/ere  build- 
ing ;  and  the  prcftnt  number  of  inhab- 
itants may  be  elhmated  at  about  ?  t,coo. 
Philadelphia  is  ^^%  miles  fouth-weft  of 
Paffamaquoddy,  which  is  the  eaftcrn- 
moft  part  of  tlie  fca-coaft  of  the  United 

States  i 


1 


I'll 


■    I. 

.1'-'        •  f  i 


.1     ■■; 
■'-.  >.  '■. 


III 


!l    -I 


mi 
llll^ 


ii'  ri 


I  I 


1>I  A 

fltJJtes ;  .'^'47  foutli-weft  of  BoRon  ;  t7i 
lb\ith-wert  of  Hartford  ;  95  fouth-weft 
of  New- York  ;  loa  north-eaft  of  Baiti- 
more;  17?  kiorth-eafterly  of  Richmond  ; 
144  north-eafterlv  of  Wafhington  city, 
and  925  north-eaft  by  north  of  Savannah 
in  Georgia.  See  Pennfylvania,  for  an , 
■account  of  feveral  other  particulars  re 
Jatirig  to  this  city. 

Philip,  a  large ifland  in  Lake.Supe-; 
Tior.inthe  territory  of  the  United  States. 
It  lies  towards  the  fouth  fide  of  the  lake, 
iind  fouth-eaft  of  iHe  Royal. 
,    Philip's,  St. a  parifh  of  S.  Carolina, 
fituated  in  Charlefton  diftrift. 

Philip^  St.  a  fort  which  commands 
the  entrance  of  Maranhao  harbour,  on 
the  coaijt  nf  Brazil. 
'  ?H\h\Vj  5/.  a  point  witliin  the  har- 
bour of  Port-Royal,  S.  Carolina. 

Piiii.ipPBAV,  an  iHand  on  the  north 
fide  of  Lake  Superior ;  N.  of  Ifle  Roj'al. 

Philippeau,  a  bay  on  the  north 
ftore  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near 
the  Straits  ofBellifle,  and  partly  form- 
ed by  iflands  which  projedl  fouthward 
on  its  eaft  part,  and  extend  toward*  the 
•weft.  The  call  part  of  the  bay  lies  in 
Jat.  51  ao  north,  and  long.  55  40  weft. 

Philippina,  a  fmall  town  of  the 

J)rovincc  of  Guatimala,  in  New-Spain, 
ituated  on  a  bay  of  tlic  N.  Pacific  O- 
cean.    N.  iat.  xa  50,  weft  long.  91  30. 

Philipsburc,  a  town  of  New-Jer- 
fcy,  lituated  in  Suflex  co.  on  the  eaft 
hank  oi"  Delaware  river,  oppofite  to 
Eafton  in  Pennfylvania.  It  is  41  milpS 
north-weft  of  Trenton. 

Fhillipsburgh,  or  P/;i/ipJIonvti, vl 
townihip  of  New-York,  in  Dutchefs  co, 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Hudlon-'s  river,  a8 
wiles  above!  New-York,  near  the  fouth 
end  of  Tappan  Bay.  It  contains  1,079 
jniiabitants, including  25  flaves.  In  1796, 
tiicre  were  347  of  the  inhabitants  elcd- 
ors.  In  this  townihip  is  a  fijver  mine, 
which  yields  virgin  iilver. 

Pnn',i-;ps'  Academy.  See  Andover 
and  Exeter. 

Philopo LIS,  a fcttlcment  in  Luzerne 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  iz  or  14  miles  weft- 
ward  of  Mount  Ararat,  ami  at  the  head 
of  the  weftern  branch  of  'I'unkhanock 
Creek,  about  45  miles  ibuth-eaft  of  A- 
then<i,  or  Tioga  Point.  N.  Iat.  41  40, 
weft  long.  71?  ?•;. 

PiAWKATUNK,  a  imall  river  of  Vir- 
ginia,  which  empties  eaft  ward  into 
Chefapeak  Bay,oppoiite  Gwin's  \([axv\. 
in.  IS  navigable  8  miles  ioi  .iraall,  ciatt. 


Pi  c 

PiANKASHAWs,  Of  PyariktJhaSi'Ffr. 
ift'tUions  and  Mafeontinit  are  tribes  of 
Indians  in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  who 
refide  on  the  Wabafh  and  its  branches, 
and  Illinois  river.  Thefe  witli  the  Kick' 
apoos,  Mujquiiom  and  0«/«/<j«5«/,  could 
together  fumiih  about  looo  warriors,  ao 
years  ago. 

PiARA,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  America, 
lifts  I. "5  or  14  leajjues  from  Payta,  in  Iat. 
7  N.  and  is  the  iirft  town  of  any  note. 
A  river  which  waflies  it,  falls  into  the 
bay  of  Chiroper  ;  but  as  it  abounds  with 
Hioals,  it  is  little  frequented. 

Pic,  River  du,  empties  into  Lake  Su- 
perior, in  Iat.  48  36  II,  and  long.  89 
416.  The  Grand  Portage  is  in  Iat.  48 
416. 

Pic  DE  l'Etoil, le,or  Pic de I* Alverdi^ 
as  it  is  named  in  Bourganville's  map,  a 
fmall  high  ifland,  fhaped  like  a  fugar- 
loaf,  lying  a  little  to  the  northward,  and 
in  fight  of  Aurora  Ifland  }  difcovered 
by  the  fore-named  navigator  in  May, 
J768. 

Pica,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
where  there  is  high  and  fteep  land  j 
I*  leagues  N.  of  Lora  river,  and  $  fouth 
of  Tarapaca,  or  as  it  is  called  by  Britifl^ 
feamen,  Carapoucha. 

Pic  AR  A,  a  large  province  of  S,  Amer» 
tea,  in  New-Granada ;  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Andes, 

PiCAWEE,  Indian  towns  in  the  N.  W, 
Territory,  on  Great  Miami  river,  7 j 
miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  is  only  30 
yards  broad,  although  navigable  lox 
loaded  batteaux  50  miles  higher. 

Pickersgill's  Cwtf,  is  within  Chrift. 
mas  Sound,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  at  the  fouthern  extremity  of 
S,  America. 

Pickersgill's  Ijland,  is  off  Cape 
Difappointment,  in  S.  Georgia,  in  tha 
S.  Atlantic  Ocean.  S.  Iat.  54  4a,  W. 
long.  36  58. 

PicKERsviLLE,  tlie  chief  town  of 
Wafhington  diftrift,  in  S.  Carolina. 

PicoLATA,  a  fort  on  the  river  St. 
John,  in  Eaft-Florida,  a7  miies  from  St. 
Auguftine,  and  3  from  Poopoa  Fort. 

PicoLET  Poi?7t^  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  forms  the 
W.  boundary  of  the  bay  which  fets  up 
to  Cape  Francois.  In  time  of  war, 
fhips  have  often  been  taken  under  the 
cannon  of  Picolet. 

Pic  OS  A,  or  Pifana,  mountains  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  which  ferve  to  dircft 
niiuiners.    They  are  high  hilU  within 


nkiJhajfTa- 
are  tribes  of 
rritory,  who 
its  branches, 
vitli  the  Kick- 
itanons,co\i\d 
3  warriors,  ao 

f  S.  America, 

Payta,  in  lat. 

of  any  note. 

falls  into  the 
:  abounds  with 
ed. 

into  Lake  Su- 
,  and  lorg.  89 
je  is  in  lat.  48 

'icdePJhefdif 
iville's  map,  a 
i  like  a  fugar- 
lorthward,  and 
id;  difcovered 
gator  in  May, 

ecoaftofPeru, 
id  fteep  land  J 
ytr,  and  ?  fouth 
jailed  by  Britilh 

,nceofS,Amer» 
bounded  on  the 

nsintheN.W, 
[iami  river,  75 
lereJtisonly^o 
navigable  for 
9  higher, 
is  within  Chrift- 
hcoaft  of  Terra 
ern  extremity  of 

t!(f,  is  off  Capo 
orgia,  in  tho 
lat.  54  4*»  W. 

chief  town  of 
S.  Carolina, 
on  the  river  St. 
,)  miles  from  St. 
Poopoa  Fort. 
;he  north  lidc  of 
ingo,  forms  the 
ay  which  fets  up 
11  time  of  war, 
taken  under  the 

mountains  on  the 
ferve  to  dircA 
ligh  hilb  within 
liindf 


P  I  E 

land,  extending  .about  7  leagues,  be- 
tween Colanche  river,  and  Solango  Ifl- 
and ;  and  lie  fouthward  of  the  equator. 

PiCTOu,  a  fmall  ifle,  river,  bay,  and 
fettlement  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Nova-Scotia,  and  on  the  fouth- 
ern  fide  of  the  Straits  of  Northumber- 
land, at  the  fouthern  extremity  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  ifland  lies 
in  the  narrowcft  part  of  the  ftrait,  a  lit- 
tle way  nortli-weft  of  the  mouth  of  tjie 
river  of  its  name  ;  8  miles  fouth  of  Bear 
Cove  in  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  and  j8 
eafterly  of  the  mouth  of  Bay  Verte. 
The  bay  or  harbour  of  this  name  ieems 
to  be  of  confiderable  extent.  Eall  riv- 
er, which  falls  into  Pidou  harbour,  fup- 
plies  the  country  with  coals,  from  the 
mines  on  its  banks  ;  the  ftrean-is  of  lei's 
note  which  empty  into  the  bay,  are  St. 
Mary's,  Antigonifli,  Liverpool,  Turket, 
Mufquideboit,  and  SifSbou  rivers.  The 
fettlement  of  Piftou  is  fertile,  populous, 
and  increafing  in  importance.  A  good 
road  is  cut,  cleared,  and  bridged  to 
Ealifax,  68  miles  diftant  fouth  by  weft. 
This  fettlement  is  now  called  Timmuthi 
which  fee. 

Pierce'^s  Ijland.  The  main  channel 
of  Pifcataqua  river,  in  New-Hamp(hire, 
lies  between  Pierce's  and  Seavey's  Ifl- 
ands;  on  each  of  which  batteries  of 
cannon  were  planted,  and  entrench- 
ments formed  in-  1775.  The  ftream 
here  is  very  contrafted ;  the  tide  rapid; 
the  water  deep,  and  the  Ihore  bold  and 
rocky  on  each  fide  :  fo  that  in  the  fc- 
Terefl:  winters  the  river  is  never  frozen. 

PiERE,  anidandin  Illinois  river,  about 
47  miles  above  tht  Piorias  wint';ring. 
ground.  h.,fleche,  or  arrow-flone  is  ob- 
tained by  the  Indians  from  a  high  hill 
on  the  weftern  fide  of  the  river,  aear 
the  above  ifland  ;  with  this  ftone  the 
natives  make  their  gua-ilints,  and  point 
tlieir  arrows.  Above  this  ifland  are 
[  rich  and  fertile  meadows,  on  tlie  eaft- 
«rn  fide  of  the  river,  and  continue  fcv- 
eral  miles. 

Pier  wo  NT,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton 
I  CO.  New-Hampfhire,  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  Conne<51icut  river,  6  miles  fouth- 
iward  of  Haverhill,  and  5  northward 
[of  Orford.  It  was  incorporated  in 
|I764>  and  conuins  426  inhabitants. 

PiEROtTAGAM-is,  an  Indian  nation 
I  who  inhabit  the  N.  W.  banks  of  Lake 
|St.  John^  in  Lower  Canada. 

Pierre,  St.  a  fmall  defert  ifland  near 
!  the  coaft  of  N^wfouadlsmd,  which  is 


PI  K 

only  fit  for  curing  and  drying  filli.    Tf, 
lat. 46  27.  ^V- long  55  57.    Itwasce-.' 
ded  to  the  French  by  the  peace  of  i  yfjj^ 

Pierre,  St.  the  firfl  town  uaiit  in  the*' 
ifland  of  Marunico  b  the  Wefl-Indies, 
fituated  on  a  round  bay  on  tlie  weft  coafl  • 
of  the  ifland,  j  leagues  fouth  of  Fort ' 
Royal.    It  is  a  port  of  entry,  the  refi- 
dsnce  of  merchants,  and  the  centre  of 
bufinefs.     It  has  been  4  times  burnt 
down,  yet  it  contains  at  prtfent  about    ' 
2,000  houfes.    The  anchorage  ground 
is  fituated  along  the  fea-fide  on  the 
ftrand,  but  is  very  unhealtliy.     Anoth- 
er port  of  the  town  is  fcparated  from 
it  by  a  river,  and  the  houfes  are  built  on 
a  low  hill,  which  is  called  tlie  fort» 
from  a  fiiiall  foi  trefs  which  defends  the  ' 
road,  which  is  commodious  for  ioading 
and  unloading  fliips,  and  is  likewifc  ca- 
f"y  of  accefs  ;  but  in  the  rainy  feafbn  the 
fliipping  take  fhelterat  Fort  Royal,  die" 
capital  of  the  ifland. 

Pierre,  St.  a  river  in  Louifiana  whicli, 
empties  into  the  Miflilippi,  from  wefV, 
about  lo  miles  below  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony.  It  pafl'es  through  a  mofi  de- 
lightful country,  abounding  with  many 
of  the  necefliuies  of  life,  which  grow' 
fpontaneoufly.  Wild  rice  is  found 
here  in  great  abundance,  trees  bending 
undci;  loads  of  fruit,  fuch  as  plums, 
grapes,  and  app'es.  Tlje  meadows  are 
covered  with  hops,  and  many  other  ve- 
getables j  while  tlie  ground  is  ftored 
with  ufeful  roots,  as  anaelica,  fpikc- 
nard,  and  ground-nuts  as  Targe  ashen,* 
eggs._    On  its  eaft  fide,  about  20  miles  • 

from  its  mouth,  is  a  coal-mine. N.  B. 

For  other  places  named  Pierre,  fee 
Fct^r. 

Pigeon,  the  name  of  two  fouth-weft- 
ern- branches  of  French  Broad  river,  in 
the  State  of  Tenneflee.  The  mouth  oK 
Little  Pigeon  is  about  25  miles  from  the 
confluence  of  French  Broad  with  Half-  ■ 
ton  rives,  and  about  .•?  below  die  moutiv 
of  Nolachucky>  Big  Pigeon  falls  intO' 
the  French  Broad  9  miles-  above  Little 
Pigeon  river.  They  both  rife  in  the 
Great  Iron  Mountains. 

Pigeon,  a  hill  on  Cape  Ann,  Maffa-I" 
chufetts.    See  Agamentkiu. 

Pi G  EON,  a  fmall  ifland,  whofe  ftron^ 
fortifications  command  and  fecure  fafc 
and  good  anchorage  in  Port  Royal  Ba 


il  liay. 
Welt- 


in  the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the 
Indies. 

Pi K ELAND,  a  townfhip  in  Cheftec 

CO.  FcoDfylvunifti.       .."> 


if 


P. 


J  '* 


m^ 


w\ 


PIN 


P  I  N 


PiLATA,  a  jurifdiaion  of  La  Plata, 
S.  America.  See  Pafpayat  its  moft  com- 
mon name. 

PiLOKAS,  St.  on  the  E.  ihore  of  the 
Oulf  of  Campeachy,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.    N.  iat.  »i  4>  W.  long.  90  35. 

PiLBa-GRovfi,  a  to^i'nihip  m  Salem 
CO.  New-Jerl*ey. 

PiLOERRUH,or  Pilgrim* s  Urf?,  was 
a  Moravian  fcttlement  of  Chriftian  In- 
<dians,  00  the  fcite  of  a  forlUken  town 
of  the  Ottuwas ;  on  the  bunk  of  a  river, 
ao  miles  uorth-wefteriy  of  Cayahoga, 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  near  Lake 
Erie,  and  140  miles  N.W.of  Pittfburg. 

Pxlckim's  Ijlandy  on  the  S.  eaftein 
ihore  of  St.  Lawrence  river,  and  below 
the  iHand  de  Coudres. 

Pill  A  a,  Caoe,  at  the  W.  end  of  the 
Struits  of  Magellan,  6  leagues  N.  of  Cape 
Dcfcada.  S.lat.  5%  45,  W<  long.  76  40. 

Pjlot  MouNTAI^r,  or  Ararat. 
Set  Surry  Couufy,  N.  Carolina. 

P 1 L  OT  o ,  or  Salinas  dd  Pihto,  tipright 
craggy  rocks  on  the  W.  coaft  of  Mex- 
ico, b.  E.  of  Cape  Corientes  ;  where 
there  is  good  anchorage,  and  (hclter 
from  N.  W.  at.d  W>*nd  S.  W.  winds. 
There  are  falt-pits  neat-  this  place. 

Pilot-Town,  in  Suflex  go.  Dela- 
ware, lies  near  the  mouth  of  Cool 
Spring  Creek,  which  £dls  into  Dela- 
ware Bay,  near  Lewiftown,  and  6  miles 
N.  W.  of  Cape  Henlopcn. 

PiMEMT,  Port  St  a  village  on  the  S. 
W.  coaft  of  the  S.  peninfula  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  4^  leagues  N.  W.  of 
Les  Coteaax,  oetween  which  are  two 
coves  affording  anchorage ;  that  neareft 
Coteaux,  is  called  AnTe  a  Damaflin. 
Port  Pinient  is  nearly  eight  leagues  £. 
by  S.  ofTiburon. 

Pi  MAS  ^land,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Gulf  of  Honduras,  is  iltuated  off  Trivi- 
giUo  Bay. 

Pin  AS  Point,  the  eaftem  point  of 
Panama  Bay.  N.  lat.  6  ij,  W.  long. 
So  30.  The  port  of  this  name  is  on 
the  fame  S.  W.  coaft  of  the-Ifthmus  of 
Daricn,  near  the  point ;  it  leagues  N. 
by  W.  of  Port  Qucmada,  and  7  from 
Cape  Garacliina.  The  coaft,  all  tne  way 
fouthward,  to  Cape  Corientes,  abounds 
with  pine  tre«s  ;  hence  the  name. 

PiNCHiNA,  one  of  the  Cordilleras  in 
S.  America.  M.  Baugier  i'ouni  the 
cold  of  this  mountain,  immediately  un- 
der the  equator,  to  extend  from  7  to  9 
degrees  under  the  freezing  point  every 
iftoruiog  before  fun-rife. 


PiNCKNEY,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
South-Carolina. 

PiNCXN£Y,  a  diftriA  of  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  lying  W.  of 
Camden  and  Cheraw  diftnds ;  fubdivi- 
ded  into  the  counties  of  York,  Clidler, 
Union,  rid  Spartanburgh.  It  contains 
35,870  wiiite  inhabitants  :  fends  to  the 
State  legiflature,  9  reprefentativcs,  and 
.1  fenators  ;  and  in  conjunction  With 
Wafhington,  fends  one  member  to 
Congiets.  It  was  formerly  pait  of 
Camden  and  Ninety-Six  diftrids.  Chief 
town,  Pinckneyville. 

PtNCKNEYviLLE,  a  poft-toWn  of  S. 
Carolina,  and  capital  of  the  above  dil- 
tria,  in  Union  co.  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of 
Broad  river,  at  the  mduth  of  Pacolct. 
It  contains  a  handfome  court-houfe,  a 
gaol,  and  a  few  compact  houfes.  It  is 
75  miles  N.  W.  of  Columbia,  56  from 
Lincolntown,  in  N.Carolina,  and  716 
from  Philadelphia, 

Pine,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
Ifland  of  Newfoundland,  is  about  eight 
leagues  weftward  of  Cape  Race.  N. 
lat.  46  42,  W.  long.  53  40. 

Vini.  Creek,  in  j^orthumberland  co. 
Penni'ylvania,  a  water  of  the  W.  branch 
of  Sulquehannah  river.  Its  mouth  is 
about  la  miles  weftward  of  Lycoming 
Creek,  and  40  N.  W.  of  the  town  oT 
Northumberland. 

Pines,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  Terra  Firnia,  S.  America,  about  41 
leagues  £.  of  Porto  Bello,  yn'd  forms  a 
good  harbour,  with  two  other  fuialj 
lilands,  and  the  main  land.  N.  lat.  9 
11,  W.  long.  80  i^.  The  Ri^er  of 
Pines  is  5  miles  from  the  above  named 
harbour,  and  27  eafterly  of  Allabrolic* 
river.  Its  moutli  has  6  feet  water,  hut 
within  there  is  3  fathoms  a  coniidet-able 
way  up. 

Pines,  Pinex,  or  Pinas.  a  fmall  un- 
inhabited  ifland,  feparated  from  the  S. 
W.  Dart  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  by  a  deep  ftrait.  It  is  a- 
bout  aj  miles  long,  and  15  broad,  and 
affords  good  pafturage.  it  is  6  leagues 
from  the  main,  bit  the  channel  is  iin- 
pafl'ablc,  by  i-eafon  of  flioals  and  rocks. 
N.  lat.  zi  30,  W.  long.  8j  15. 

piNTARD's  Sound,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  fets  up  in  an  eaft- 
ern  direfHon,  haWng  in  it  many  fmall 
iflands.  Its  mouth  extends  from  Cape 
Scott,  on  the  fouthem  fide,  in  lat.  <o^6, 
and  long.  laS  57  W.  to  Pdnt  Difllp- 
pointment,  in  lac.  59  5,  and  long.  xt% 


I  the  coaft  of 

>f  the  upper 
lying  W.  of 
ids;  fubdivi- 
oik,  Chefter, 
.    It  Contains 
I  fends  to  the 
entaiives,  and 
junction  with 
;    member    to 
ncrly  pait  of 
iifbias.  Chief 

loft-to^vn  of  S. 
the  above  dil- 
eS.W.  fideof 
ith  of  PacolCt. 
court-houfe,  a 
k  houfes.  It  is 
imbia,  56  from 
roiina,  and  7x6 

S.  coaft  of  the 
1,  is  about  eight 
ape  Race.     N. 

ao- 

iiumberland  co. 
if  the  W.  branch 
.  Its  mouth  is 
Ird  of  LycominjJ 

of  the  town  t>t 

I  on  the  N.  cdaft 
nerica,  about  41 
ilo,  »Dd  forms  a 
two  other  fuiall 
land.  N.  lat,  9 
The  River  of 
:he  above  named 
rly  of  Allabrolie* 
6  feet  water,  but 
ms  a  conlidetable 

'hat.  a  fmaU  un- 
rated from  the  8. 
of  Cuba,  in  the 
cp  ftrait.  It  is  a- 
nd  15  broad,  and 
e.  it  is  6  leagues 
le  channel  is  iii>- 
fiioals  and  rocks. 

,   on  the  N.  W. 

fcts  op  in  an  eaft- 
in  it  rtiany  fmall 

:xtcnds  from  Cape 

Hde,inlat.30>6, 

■.  to  Pmnt  Dilap* 

c,  and  long.  ««• 

5© 


PI  O 

» 

•50  W.  It  communicates  witli  the 
Straits  de  Fuca  :  and  tlius  the  lands  on 
both  iides  of  Nootka  Sound,  from  Cape 
Scott  to  Berkley's  Sound,  (ojppohte 
Cape  Flattery,  on  the  caftern  fide  of 
the  Straits  dc  Fuca)  are  called  by  Capt. 
Ingmham,  Quadras  Iflcs. 

PiNTCHLuco /{/vir,  a  large  branch 
of  the  Chata  Uche,  the  upper  part  of 
Appalachicola  river. 

PioRiAs  Fort  and  Village,  Old,  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  on  tlie  wellem  fliore 
of  Illinois  river,  and  at  the  fouthern  end 
of  Illinois  Lake  )  zio  mil«s  from  MiHi- 
lippi  river^  and  30  below  the  Craws 
Meadows  river.  The  fummit  on  which 
the  ftockaded  fort  ftood,  commands  a 
fine  profpeft  of  the  country  to  tl»e  ealt- 
ward,  and  up  the  lake,  to  the  point 
where  the  river  comes  in  at  the  north 
end  ;  to  the  weftward  are  larcc  mead- 
ows. In  the  lake  (which  is  only  a  dila- 
tation of  the  river,  19^  miles  in  length, 
and  3  in  breadtli)  is  great  plenty  of  nth, 
and  in  particular,  fturgeon  and  pican- 
nau.  I'lie  country  to  the  weftward  is 
low  and  very  level,  and  fuU  of  fwamps, 
fome  a  mile  wide,  bordered  with  fme 
meadows,  and  in  fome  places  Uie  high 
land  comes  to  tlie  river  in  points,  or 
narrow  necks.  Here  is  abundance  of 
cherry,  plum,  and  other  fruit  trees. 
The  Indians  at  the  treaty  of  Greenville, 
in  1795,  ceded  to  the  United  States  a 
tradt  of  12  miles  I'quare  at  this  fort. 
N.  lat.  40  Sii  W.  long.  91  12  30. 

PiORiAs  fVifitering  Ground,  a  traifl 
of  land  in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  on  the 
S.  E.  lide  of  Illinois  river,  about  40  miles 
above,  and  N.  E.  of  the  Great  Cave,  on 
the  Miflilippi,  oppolite  the  mouth  of 
the  Miliburi,  and  27  below  the  ilhind 
Pierre.  About  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  river,  on  the  eaftern  fide  oC  it,  is  a 


i£  it,  is 
d  5  or 


meadow  of  'nany  miles  long,  an 
miles  broaa.  In  this  meadow  are  many 
fmall  lakes,  communicating  with  each 
other,  and  by  whicli  there  are  palfages 
for  fmall  boats  or  canoes ;  and  one  leads 
to  the  Illinois  river. 

PiORiAs,  an  Indian  nation  of  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  whc  with  the  Mitchiga- 
mias  could  turailh  300  warriors,  20 
years  ago.  They  inhabit  neat  the  fet- 
ticments  in  the  Illinois  country.  A  tribe 
of  this  name  inhabit  a  village  on  the 
.  Miflifippi,  a  mile  above  Fort  Chartres. 
It  could  fumiih  about  the  fame  period 
170  warriors  of  the  IHorias  and  Mitch- 
igaouAs.  They  are  idle  and  debauched. 


PIS 

PiRAtjG  Y,  a  river  of  Brazil,  S.  Amer- 
ica, S.  S.E.  of  Rio  Grand,  and  Pojnt 
Negro. 

PiscA,  a  handfomc  town  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Lima  in  Peru,  with  a  good  bar- 
hour  and  fpacious  road.  The  country 
round  it  is  fertile,  and  it  fends  to  the 
neighbouring  fettlemcnts  quantities  of 
fruit  and  wme.  It  formerly  itood  a 
quarter  of  a  league  farther  to  the  fouth, 
but  being  deftroyed  by  an  earthquake, 
in  i68a,  it  was  removed  to  its  pr^lcnt 
(Ituation,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  fe^. 
It  is  140  miles  iouth  of  Lima.  S.  lat. 
14,  W.  Ipng.  73  35. 

PiscADoaEs,  or  Fijl:'ers,  two  great 
rocks  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  in  lat.  x6  4ti 
Iouth,  near  the  broken  gap  between  At- 
tico  and  Ocona. 

PiscADOREs,  rocks  above  the  town 
of  Callao,  in  Peru  ;  5  leagues  N.  N.  W. 
of  Callao  Port.  They  are  6  in  number  j 
the  iargeft  is  weft  of  the  port  of  Ancoa 
de  Rhodas,  and  3  leagues  fouth-caft  of 
Chaucai  Port. 

PiscATAQUA.    See  Pttfcataqua. 

PiscATAQjJA  Bead.  See  York  Court- 
ty,  Maine. 

PiscATAQUA,  the  ancient  name  of 
lands  in  the  Diftrid  of  Maine,  fuppofeii 
to  comprehend  the  lands  known  by  the 
names  of  Kittery  and  Berwick. 

PiscATAWAV,  a  townlhip  of  Nev/- 
Jerfey,  lituated  in  Middldex  co.  ou 
Rariton  river,  6  miles  fiom  its  mouth* 
It  has  2,261  inhabitants,  including  218 
flaves.  It  is  3^  miles  N.  E.  of  New- 
Bruiijfwick,  and  14  lbuth*weil  of  £liza< 
beth-Town. 

PiscATAWAY,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
Prince  George's  co.  Maryland;  litua- 
ted on  the  creek  of  its  name  which  runs 
weftward  into  Patowmac  river,  oppolite 
Mount  Vernon  in  Virginia,  and  14  miles 
fouth  of  the  Federal  City.  The  town 
is  16  miles  foutli-wefl;  of  Upper  Marl- 
borough, 16  north  of  Port  Tobacco> 
and  67  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore. 

Pisco,  a  noted  harbour  on  the  coaft 
of  Peru,  in  the  province  of  Los  Reyes, 
6  leagues  from  the  port  of  Chinca ;  Lor- 
inChmca  lying  half  way  between  them. 
The  road  is  fafe  and  capacious  enough  to 
hold  the  navy  of  France.  The  town  h 
inhabited  by  about  300  families,  moft  0*" 
them  meftizoes,  mulattoes,  and  negroes ; 
tlie  whites  being  much  the  fmalleft  num- 
ber. It  has  3  churches,  and  a  chapel  for 
Indians ;  lies  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
Caa>  and  123  milc^louUiof  Lima-   The 

(uiiia 


■iir 


4 


f. 


f 


i 


;<.'■. I 


.*i), 


ii   I! 


V  IT 

fuins  of  the  ancient  town  of  Pifca  are 
ftill  vidble,  extending  from  the  fea  fhoro 
to  the  New  town.  It  was  dellroyed  by 
an  earthquake  and  inundatbn  on  0«5t. 
19,  1680.  The  fea,  at  that  time,  retir- 
ed half  a  league,  and  returned  with  fuah 
iury,  that  it  overflowed  ulmofl  as  imich 
land  beyoprfits  bounds.  S.  lat.  13  36, 
W.  long.  76  ij. 

Piss-Pdt,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  fliorc 
of  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  in  the  Long 
Reach,  8  leagues  W.  by  N.  of  Cape 
Notch.    S.  lat.  S3  i4>  W.  long.  7?  iz. 

PisTOLET,  a  large  bay  at  the  north- 
ern end  of  Newfoundland,  fetting  up 
fronv  the  Straits  of  Bellifle.  Its  wdl- 
ern  (idc  is  formed  by  Cape  Norman, 
and  its  eaftero  point  by  Burnt  Cape  ;  3 
leagues  apart. 

PiTC  airn's  //larJ,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  6  or  7  iiiles  in  length  and  a 
in  breadth.  It  has  neither  river  nor 
harbour ;  but  has  fomo  mountains  which 
-may  be  feen  15  leagues  off  to  the  S.  E. 
All  the  S.  (ide  is  lined  with  rocks.  S. 
lat.  25  2,  W.  long.  133  a  I.  The  vari- 
ation of  the  needle  cHflF  this  ifland,  in 
J  767,  was  a  46  E. 

PiTON  Point,  Great,  the  S.  W.  point 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  in  the  Well- 
Indies,  and  the  moft  welterly  point  of 
the  ifland.  It  is  on  a  kind  ol  a  penin- 
lula,  the  northern  part  of  which  is  call- 
ed Point  Chimatchtn. 

Pitt,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Kewbern  diftri«5^,  bounded  N.  E.  by 
Beaufort,  and  S.  W.  by  Glafgow.  It 
contains  8,375  inhabitants,  including 
2,367  flaves.    Chief  town,  Greenville. 

Pitt,  Forf,  iotmaxly  Fort  du  ^lepie. 
See  Pitt/burg. 

PiTTSBORouGH,  or  P'tttjhurg,  the 
capital  of  Chatham  co.  N.  Carolina,  is 
litiiated  on  a  riling  ground,  and  contains 
a  coiut-houfc,  gaol,  and  about  40  or  ^o 
houfes.  The  country  in  its  environs  is 
rich  and  well  cultivated  ;  and  is  much 
rclbrted  to  ttom  the  m«iitime  parts  of 
the  State  in  tlie  iickly  months.  The 
Hickory  Mmmtain  is  not  far  diftant, 
and  the  air  and  water  here  arc  as  pure  as 
any  in  the  world.  It  is  26  miJcs  fouth- 
wcft  of  Hillfborough,  36  weft  of  Ra- 
k'gh,  .54  north-weft  of  Fayetteville,  and 
5c ?■  from  Phi!adelphia. 

PiTTSBURO,  a  port-town  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.  litu- 
atcd  on  a  beautiful  plain  running  to  a 
point.  The  Alleghany,  which  is  a  beau- 
tiiul  clear  Iheam^  on  the  north,  up.d  the 


PTT 

Monongahela,  which  is  a  muddy  ftrctmr 
on  the  louth,  uniting  below  where  Fort 
du  Quefnc  ftood,  form  the  majcftic 
Ohio ;  which  is  there  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide  ;  1,188  niilesfrom  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  MilTilippi,  and  500  above 
Limeftone,  in  Kentucky.  This  town 
was  laid  out  on  Penn's  plan,  in  the  year 
176?,  on  tl>e  eaftern  bank  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela, about  400  yards  from  Fort 
du  Quefne,  which  was  taken  from  the 
French,  by  tlic  Britith,  in  1760,  and 
who  changed  its  name  to  Fort  Pitt,  in 
honour  of  the  late  Earl  of  Chatham.  It 
contains  between  150  and  »oo  houl'es,  a 
gaol,  court-houfe,  Preftjyterian  church, 
a  church  for  German  Lutherans,  an 
academy,  two  breweries,  and  a  diftll- 
lery.  It  has  been  lately  fortified,  and  a 
party  of  troops,  ftationed  in  it.  By  an 
enumeration  made  Dec.  1 795,  it  appears 
that  there  were  then  1,353  inhabitnnts 
in  this  borough  \  the  number  has  con- 
(iderably  increafcd  lince.  The  hills  on 
the  Monongahela  lide  are  very  high, 
extend  dovri  the  Ohio,  and  abound 
with  coals.  Before  the  revolution,  one 
of  thefe  coal-hills,  it  is  laid,  took  fire 
and  continued  burning  8.  years  ;  when 
it  was  efFciftually  extinguilhed  by  part 
of  the  hill  giving  way  and  filling  up  the 
crater.  On  the  back  lide  of  the  town, 
from  Grant's  Hill,  (lb  called  from  his 
army's  being  here  cut  to  pieces  by  the 
Indians)  there  is  a  beautiful  profpeift  of 
the  two  rivers,  wafting  along  their  fepa- 
rate  ftreams  till  they  meet  and  join  at 
tlie  point  of  the  town.  On  every  fide, 
hills  covered  with  trees,  appear  to  add 
fimplicity  and  beauty  to  the  fcene.  At 
the  diftance  of  100  nwles  up  tloc  Alle- 
ghany is  a  fmall  creek,  which,  in  fome 
places,  boils  or  bubbles  forth,  like  tlie 
waters  of  Kell  Gate,  in  Ne\y-York  State, 
from  which  proceeds  an  oily  fubftance, 
deemed  by  the  people  of  this  country, 
fingulai'ly  beneficial^  and  an.  infalUbie 
cure  for  weaknefs  in  the  ftomach,  for 
rheumatic  pains,  for  fore  breafts  in  wo- 
men, bruifes,  &c.  The  oil  is  gathered 
by  the  country  people  and  Indians,  who 
boil  it  and  bring  it  to  Pittlburg  for  fale ; 
and  there  is  fcarcely  a  fmgle  inhabitant 
who  does  not  pofTefs  a  bottle  of  it,  and 
is  able  to  recount  its  many  virtues,  and 
its  many  cures.  The  iravigation  of  the 
Ohio,  in  a  dry  feafon,  is  rather  trouble- 
fome  from  Pittfborg  to  the  Mingo-Tcwn, 
about  75  miles  ;  but  from  thence  to  the 
Miiliijppi  there  is  always  water  enoi^gU 

for 


PIT 


P  L  A 


iiai*  barges  carrying  from  loo  to  aoo 
tons  burden,  fucli  as  are  ufcd  on  the 
river  Thamef!,  between  London  and 
Oxford,  viz.  tVom  loo  to  i  jo  teet  kcci, 
j6  to  i8  feet  in  breadth,  4  feet  in  depth, 
and  wlicn  loaded,  drawing  about  x  feet 
water.  During  the  fcafon  of  the  floods 
in  the  fpring,  vcflels  of  too  or  joo  tons 
burden  may  go  from  Pittfburg  to  the 
fea  with  fatety,  in  i6  or  17  days,  al- 
tliough  the  diftance  is  upwards  of 
a,ooo  miles.  It  is  178  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Cariifle ;  ■50.^  in  tlic  fame  diredion 
from  Pliiladeiphia  ;  483  N.  W.  by  N. 
of  Alexandria,  in  Virginia  ;  and  445 
from  Fort  Walhington,  in  the  N.  W. 
Twritory.  N.  lat.  40  31  44,  W.  long. 
80  8. 

PiTTSFiELU,  a  pleadtnt  poft-town  of 
Mafl'achafetts,  iituated  on  the  well  line 
of  ikrkfhire  co.  6  miles  N.  of  Lenox, 
38  W.  of  Northampton,  140  W.  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  40  N.  E.  of  Albany.  This 
townlhip,  and  thole  N.  and  S.  of  it,  on 
the  banks  of  Houllitunic  river,  arc  in 
a  rich  vale,  from  one  to  fcven  miles 
wide.  It  was  incorporated  in  1761, 
and  contains  1,99a  inhabitants.  The 
place  of  worfliip  is  a  very  handfomc 
edifice,  with  a  bell  and  cupola,  from 
which  there  is  a  charming  profpert. 

Pitts  FIELD,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
Hampfliire,  fituated  in  Rockingham  co. 
It  was  incorporated  in  178a,  and  con- 
tains 883  inhabitants.  It  was  taken 
from  Chichelter,  on  Suncook  liver,  N. 
E.  of  Concord. 

PiTTSFiELD,  the  noBth-eafleuimoft 
townrtiip  of  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  con- 
taining 49  inhabitant:.  It  has  Chitten- 
den townfliip  on  the  S.  W.  and  Phila- 
delphia, in  Addifon  co.  on  the  N.  W. 

PiTTSFORD,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Rutland  co. 

Pitt's  GrovCf  a  village  in  Salem  co. 
New-Jerfcy. 

Pittquotting,  an  Indian  fcltle- 
ment  in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  at  the 
mouth  of  Huron  river,  which  empties 
into  Lake  Erie. 

Pitt's  IJland^  on  the  N.  W.  coafl:  of 
N.America,  lies  near  the  main  land, 
about  halfway  from  Dixon's  Entrance 
to  Prince  William's  Sound,  and  between 
Crofs  Sound  and  Port  Ranks. 

Pittstown,  a  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
triift  of  Maine,  fituated  in  Lincoln  co. 
on  Kenncbeck  river,  5  miles  below  Hai- 
lowell  Hook,  32  N.  by  W.  of  Wifcafl'et, 
V.o  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  187  N.  by  £. 


ofBufton,  and  547  f.om  Philadclpkia. 
It  contumed,  in  1790,  (^o%  inhabitants. 
The  weftern  part  called  V,oh'iJey  or  C'o- 
hefiy,  has  an  Epifcopal  church,  with  ati 
annual  income  of  a8  guineas,  given  by 
Dr.  Gardiner  for  the  lupix>rt  olan  Epif- 
copal niinifler. 

Pittstown,  a  poft-town  of  Ncw- 
Jeri'cy,  in  Hunterdon  co.  on  the  weft 
head  waters  of  Rariton  river,  10  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Akxandria  on  Delaware  riv- 
er, 31  northerly  of  Trenton,  and  c8  N. 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Pittstown,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Voik,  in  Renflelaer  co.  It  is  bounded 
fouthcriy  by  Renflelaerwyck  and  Ste- 
phentown,  and  northerly  by  Schadte- 
kokc  and  Cambrii^;^e.  In  1790  it  con- 
tained a,447  inhabitants,  including  33 
flaves;  419  of  its  iulwbitants,  in  1796!, 
were  eleiftors. 

Pittsylvania,  a  county  of  Virj^inia, 
between  the  Blue  Ridf;e,  and  the  tiile 
waters  ;  bounded  S.  by  the  State  of  N. 
Caiolina,  and  N.  by  Campbell  co.  It 
contains  11,251  inbabitants,  including 
5»933  flaves. 

PiuRA,  the  capital  of  a  jurifdidlion  of 
the  liime  name  in  Peru,  and  was  the  firit 
Spanifli  fcttknientin  that  country ;  foun- 
ded in  1531,  by  Don  Francifco  Pizarro, 
who  alfo  built  the  i\x^  church  in  it.  It 
contains  about  1,500  inhabitants.  The 
houl'es  are  generally  of  one  ftory,  built 
of  unburnt  bricks,  or  of  a  kind  of  cant, 
called  quincas.  I'he  climate  is  hot  and 
dry.     S.  lat.  511,  W.  long.  805. 

Placentia  iirfy,  on  the  S.  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Illand,  opens  between 
Chapeau-Rouge  Point  weltward,  and 
Ciipc  St.  Mary's  on  the  E-  15^  leagues 
aixut ;  lying  between  lat.  46  sz  30,  and 
47  54  N.  and  between  long.  54  i,  and 
$$  21  30  W.  It  is  very  fpacious,  lus 
I'everal  idands  towards  its  head,  and 
forms  a  good  harbour  f<Jr  fhips  j  ;ind  is 
frequented  by  llich  veflels  as  .are  bound 
either  into  the  gulf  or  river  of  St.  Law- 
rence. The  port-town  which  gives 
name  to  the  bay  is  on  the  eaftern  fliore  ; 
67  leagues  to  the  E.  of  the  ifland  of 
C;tpe  Breton  ;  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
John's,  and  in  lat.  47  15  N.  and  long. 
^^  13  W.  The  harbour  is  fo  very  ca- 
pacious, that  150  fail  of  lhip&  may  lie 
in  fccurity,  and  can  fifh  as  quietly  as  in 
any  river.  The  entrance  into  it  is  by 
a  narrow  channel ;  which  will  adniit 
but  one  fhip  .it  a  time.  Sixty  fail  of 
ihips  can  convcBicutly  dry  their  filh  oa 

the 


(i;  f 


■J  i 


.1 

\  !  . 


P  L  A 

the  Grr  jt  Strand,  which  lies  between  1 
2  fieep  hills,  and  is  about  3  miles  long.  { 
One  of  the  bills  is  fepurated  from  the  ' 
ftraod,  by  a  iixiall  brook  which  runs 
out  of  the  channel,  and  forms  a  fort  of 
lake,  called  the  I<ittle  Bay,  in  which 
are  caught  great  quantities  of  falmon. 
The  inhabitants  dry  their  fi(h  on  what 
is  called  the  Little  Strand.    The  French 
had  formerly  a  fort  called  St.  Louis, 
iituated  on  a  ridge  of  dangerous  rockt, 
which  contrafls  the  entrance  into  the 
haibour.     This  ridge  muft  be  left  on 
the  ftarboard,  going  in. 

Plain  dti  Nord,  a  town  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  fttu- 
ated  at  the  fouth-eaft  corner  ot  Bay  de 
r  Acul-  nnd  on  the  road  from  Cape  Fian. 
cois  to  Port  de  Paix,  nearly  ?  leagues 
weft  by  Ibiith  of  the  Cape,  and  1^  S.  E. 
by  E.  of  Port  de  Paix. 

Plainfield,  a  townfliip  of  Mafla- 
chufcUi,  CO.  of  Ilampihirc.  It  was  in- 
cc  ted  in  1785,  and  contains  458 
inhu  .mts.  It  is  no  miles  weft  by 
north  of  Bofton. 

Plainfield,  a  townfliip  in  North- 
ampton CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Plain  FIELD,  a  townfliip  in  theN.  W. 
corner  of  Cheihire  co.  New-Hamplhire, 
on  the  eaft  bank  of  ConneAicut  river, 
which  feparates  it  frohi  Hartland  in  Ver- 
mont. It  was  incorporated  in  1761,  and 
cimtains  1,024  inhabitants. 

Plainfield,  a  townfhip  in  the  S-E. 
p.iTt  of  Windham  co.  Conneflicut,  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Quinabaug  river,  which 
divides  it  from  Biooklyn  and  Canterbu- 
ry. It  is  about  14  miles  north-eaft  of 
Norwich,  has  two  Prefbyterian  church- 
es, an  academy,  and  was  fettled  in  1689. 
Plaisance,  a  town  on  the  middle  of 
the  neck  of  the  nortli  peninlula  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo  ;  iz  leagues  S. 
W.  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7  north  of 
Les  Gonaves. 

Plantain  Garden  Rivery  at  the  eaft 
end  of  the  ifhrd  of  Jamaica,  and  N.  by 
W.  of  Point  Morant.  There  is  a  kind 
of  bay  at  its  mouth  ;  and  on  it,  within 
land,  is  the  town  of  Bath. 

Plastow,  or  P/i/i/icu.!,  a  townfhip 
in  the  fouth-eaftern  part  of  Rockingham 
( o.  New-Hampfliire,  feparated  from 
Haverhill  in  Maffachufetts,  (of  which  it 
wai  formerly  a  part)  by  the  Ibiithern 
State  line,  k  was  incorporated  in  1 749, 
and  contairls  521  inhabitants  ;  it  or  14 
miles  fouthweftward  of  Exeter,  and  28 
fouth-weft  of  Portfinouthfc  «*  •  -'  «^ 


P  L  A 

Plata  Oi;/,  or  Keys,  a  laf-ge  fand- 
bank  from  10  to  14  leagues  north  of  the 
north  coaft  of  the  iflanil  of  St.  Domin- 
go. It  is  nearly  10  leagues  in  lenp,th» 
at  weft  by  north,  and  from  2  to  6  miles 
in  breadth.  The  eaft  end  is  nearly  due 
north  of  Old  Cape  Francois. 

Plata,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Qui- 
to,  in  Peru,  4  or  5  leagues  Vi' .  N.  W. 
from  Cape  St.  Lorenzo,  and  in  lat.  1 10 
ibuth.  It  is  4  miles  long  and  li  broad ; 
and  affords  little  elfe  than  grafs  and 
fmall  trees.  The  anchoring  places  are  on 
the  eaft  fide  near  the  middle  of  the  ifl- 
and. 

Plata,  Rher  de  la,  is  one  of  the  larg- 
eft  rivers  on  this  globe,  and  falls  into 
tlie  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  between  Capes  St. 
Anthony  fouthward,  and  St.  Mary  on 
the  northward,  which  ate  about  150 
miles  apart.  It  acquires  this  name  af- 
ter the  junction  of  the  Parana  and  Para- 
guay; and  feparates  Brazil  from  tlie 
Delert  Coaft.  Its  navigation,  alUiough 
very  extenfive,  is  rather  dangerous,  on 
account  of  the  number  of  fandy  iflands 
and  rocks  in  its  channel,  which  are  per- 
haps difficult  to  avoid,  by  reafon  of  die 
currents  and  different  fets  of  the  tide, 
which  they  produce.  For  thefe  and 
other  reafons,  fliips  feldom  enter  this 
river,  unlefs  urged  by  neccflity ;  efpec- 
ially  as  there  are  many  bays,  harbours, 
and  ports  on  the  coaft  where  veflels  can 
find  good  and  h^c  anchorage.  The  wa- 
ter is  fweet,  clears  the  lungs,  and  is  faid 
to  be  a  fpecitic  againft  rheums  and  de- 
fluxions  ;  but  is  of  a  petrifying  quality. 
See  Paraguayt  for  a  moxi  particular 
account.  Cape  St.  Anthony  is  in  lat.  36 
32  fouth,  ana  long.  56  34  weft. 

Plata,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, in  the  province  of  Chaxcas,  built  in 
1539.  It  Irands  on  a  fmall  plain,  envi- 
roned by  eminences,  which  defend  it 
from  all  winds.  The  air  in  fummer  is 
very  mild  ;  nor  is  there  any  confidera- 
ble  difference  throughout  the  year,  ex- 
cept in  the  v/inter  months,  viz.  May, 
June,  and  July,  when  tcmpefts  of  thun- 
der and  lightning  and  rain  are  frequent ; 
but  all  the  other  parts  of  tlie  year  the 
air  is  ferene.  The  honfes  have  delight- 
ful gardens  planted  with  European  fruit 
trees,  but  water  is  very  fcarce  in  the  city. 
It  has  a  large  and  elegant  cathedral, 
adorned  witn  psiintings  and  gildings, 
a  church  for  Indians,  an  hofpital,  and  1 
nunneries ;  Mud  contains  about  14,000 
inhabitants.    Here  ate  alfo  an  univerfl- 

ty 


?^L  A 

ty  and  two  colleges,  in  which  Icelures 
on  all  the  iciences  are  read.  In  its  vi- 
cinity are  mines  of  filver  in  the  moun- 
tain of  Porco;  which  hiivebeen  ncgleift- 
cd  (ince  thole  of  Potoli  were  dilcover- 
td.  It  is  ieated  on  the  river  Chimdo, 
500  miles  S.  E.  uf  Cul'cu.  S.  lat.  19  i6v 
well  long.  63  40.  The  jurifdidliou  of 
tiu!!  name  is  aoo  leaguc'vin  length,  and 
100  in  hreadth,  cxtenUiog  on  each  (ide 
of  tiie  famous  river  La  Plata.  In  win- 
ter the  nights  are  cold,  but  the  diiys 
moderately  warm.  The  froll  is  neither 
violent  nor  lafting,  and  the  fnows  very 
incpnfiderable. 

Plate,  Monte  de,  a  naountainous fet- 
tlement  near  the  centre  of  tiiC  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  towards  its  eatlern  ex- 
tremity, 15  leaguer  north  of  the  mouth 
of  Macoriz  river,  and  16  to  the  north- 
cait  of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  It  was 
formerly  a  flourilhing  place,  and  called 
a  city  ;  but  the  whole  parilh  does  not 
now  contain  above  600  fouls.  Two 
leagues  to  the  N.  E.  of  it  is  the  wretch- 
ed lettiemept  of  Boya,  to  which  the  ca- 
cique Henri  retired,  with  the  Imall  rem- 
nant of  Indians,  when  the  cruelties  of 
the  Spaniards,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  V. 
had  driven  him  to  a  revolt.  T'  ere  docs 
not  now  exiit  one  pure  defccndant  of 
their  race. 

Plate,  Point,  the  north  point  of  the 
entrance  into  Port  Dauphin,  on  the  E. 
coaft  of  the  Ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  or 
Sydney  ;  and  3  leagues  fouth-weft  by 
fouth  of  Cape  Fumi,  which  is  the  fouth- 
weft  boundary  of  the  harbour  of  Achepe. 

Plate,  Port  dcy  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  overlooked 
by  a  white  mountain,  and  lies  a  a  leagues 
W.  of  Old  Cape  Francois.  It  has  3 
fathoms  water  at  its  entrance,  but  di- 
minifhes  witliin  ;  and  is  but  an  indiffer- 
ent harbour.  The  bottom  is  in  fome 
parts  fliarp  rocks,  capable  of  cutting  the 
cables.  A  vellel  niuil,  on  entering,  keep 
very  clofe  to  the  point  of  the  breaker, 
near  the  eaftern  fort ;  when  in,  (he  an- 
chors in  the  middle  of  the  port.  Tlie 
canton  of  Port  de  Plate  greatly  abouivis 
in  mines  of  gold,  filver  and  copper. 
There  are  alio  mines  of  plafter.  It  is 
unhealthy,  from  the  cuflom  whieh  the 
inhabitants  have  of  drinking  the  water 
of  a  ravin.  It  has  a  handibnie  church 
and  about  2,500  inhabitants. 

Plate  Fonne^  La,  a  town  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  N.  peninfula  of  St.  Do- 
<Qiogo,  3  leagues  W.  «f  F»inc  du  Pa^a* 


dis,  whifch  is  o^-^pofiic  the  lettlemcnt  of 
that  name,  a  Itague  fionj  the  ll-.» ;  a  J 
kagucs  S.  bv  I-.,  of  nombufiic,  and  13 
S.  E.  by  S.  of  the  Mok.  N.  lai.  u)  36, 
W.  long.  fiomP.ui  ,  75  40. 

pLATTF,  Lay  a  fm.ill  livcr  of  Ver- 
mont which  falls  into  Lake  Chainplaia 
at  Shelburnc. 

Platform,  a  bay  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  tailwaid  of 
Dunkfin's  Cliff. 

Plattsburqh  is  an  extenfive  town- 
fliip  in  Ciinron  to.  New- York,  fiiuated, 
on  the  well  margin  of  Lake  Cham- 
plaiu,  lying  northerly  of  Willfljoiough, 
about  300  miles  noiih  of  N.  York  city, 
and  nearly  that  dillance  ll>utherly  of 
Quebec  in  Canada.  From  tJie  fbuth 
part  of  the  town  the  mountains  trund 
away  wide  from  the  lake,  and  leave  a 
charming  tratft  of  excellent  land,  of  a 
rich  loam,  well  wateicd,  and  about  .an 
equal  proportion  fuitable  for  meadow 
and  for  tillage.    The  land  rifes  in  a 

f;entle  afcent  for  feveral  miles  from  the 
ake,  of  which  every  farm  will  have  a 
delightful  view.  Several  years  ago, 
this  townfliip,  and  the  whole  county 
indeed,  which  at  prefent  contains  fever- 
al thoufand  inhabitants,  was  a  wilder- 
nefs  ;  now  they  have  a  houle  for  pub- 
lic worfhip,  a  conrt-houfe  and  gaol,  the 
courts  of  common  pleas  and  general 
fediuns  of  the  peace  fit  here  twice  in  a 
year  ;  they  have  artizans  of  almofl  ev- 
ery kind  among  them,  and  furniih  a- 
mong  themfelves  all  the  materials  for 
building,  glafs  excepted.  Pohte  circles 
may  here  be  found,  and  the  genteel 
traveller  be  entertained  with  the  luxu- 
ries of  a  fea-port,  a  tune  on  the  harpfi- 
chord,  and  a  philofopiiical  converfation. 
In  1790,  it  contained  458  inhabitants, 
including  13  flaves.  In  1 756  theie  were 
14a  of  the  inhabitants  qualified  eleffors. 
Play  Creen,  or  Pufcucogan,  in  Upper 
Caoada,  lies  near  the  north  Ihore  of 
Winnipeg  Lake,  in  lat.  ^^  5  3,  and  long. 

97  54.  ,       „    , 

Pleasant  Point,   a   north-eauerly 

head-land  in  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  Dil- 

triiit  of  Maine,  ana  in  Lincoln  co.    Sec 

Merry  Meeting  Bay. 

Pleasant  Pointy  the  eaftern  boun- 
dary of  the  mouth  of  Hawk's,  or  S»aiid- 
wicn  river,  in  the  harbour  of  Chebufto, 
on  the  Ibuthern  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia. 

PiSASANt  River,  a  fmall  village 
where  is  a  poft-ofiice  on  the  fea-coall 
^  Wa,fiuog(oa  co.  Diftri<tl  of  Maine, 

aod 


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1 


P  L  U 

and  at  fho  hciui  of  N.irr.if];uapui  Bay ; 
36  milts  N.  K.  of  Goliiflnitougli,  and 
3 a  W.  by  S.  of  Miichius. 

Pi.KiN  River,  the  northern  hoad-wa- 
ter of  Illinois  river.  It  interlocks  with 
ChicMgo  river,  a  water  of  f  ,ikt  Michi- 
gan. Forty  miles  from  its  fourccis  the 
place  callea  Hid-Ifland  ;  26  milts  far- 
ther it  pailt's  through  Dupage  Lake ; 
and  5  miles  below  the  lake,  and  fivuth- 
ward  of  Mount  Juliet,  it  joins  Theukiki 
river,  whieh  comes  fVom  the  eaflward. 
Thence  the  unitod  ftreani  afliiincs  the 
name  of  Illinois.  The  land  between 
thefe  branches  is  rich,  and  intermixed 
with  fwamps  and  ponds. 

Pluckemin,  a  tc^vn  or  village  of 
fomc  trade,  in  Soinerfct  co.  New-jerley, 
a8  miles  north  of  Princeton,  and  about 
i«  S.  W.  of  Drunfwick.  It  derived  its 
fingular  name  from  an  old  Irifhman, 
noted  for  his  addrefs  in  taking  in  people. 

Plub, 'jLrtr  /rt,  or  Rainy  Lake,  lies 
W.  by  N.  of  Lake  Superior,  and  E.  by 
S.  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  in  Upper 


Canada.    The  Narrows  aic 


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50 


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at. 


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is 

7 

7 


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51 


Fort  Lac  la  Plue 
Ifland  Portage 
At  the  Barrier 
I^ong.  95  8  ;,o  W. 

Plumb  I/land^  on  the  coaft  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  is  about  9  miles  long,  antl  about 
half  a  mile  broad,  extending  from  the 
entrance  of  Ipfwich  river  on  the  fouth, 
nearly  a  north  courfc  to  the  mouth  of 
Merrimack  river,  and  is  feparated  from 
ihe  main  land  by  a  narrow  found,  culled 
Plumb  Ifland  nver,  which  is  ferdable 
in  feveral  places  at  low  water.  It  con- 
fifts  for  the  moft  part  of  fand,  blown 
ir.co  ludicrous  heaps,  and  crowned  with 
bulhss  bearing  the  beach  plum.  There 
is  however,  a  valuable  property  of  I'alt- 
marfh,  and  at  the  S.  end  of  the  ifland, 
are  a  or  3  good  farms.  On  the  N.  end 
iland  the  light-houfes,  and  the  re- 
mains of  a  wo6den  fort,  built  during  the 
war,  for  the  defence  of  the  harbour. 
On  the  fea  fliore  of  this  ifland,  and  on 
Salifbury  beach,  the  Marine  Society, 
and  other  gentlemen  of  Newbury-Port, 
have  humanely  ereded  ieveral  fmall 
houfes,  furniflied  with  fuel  and  other 
conveniences,  for  the  relief  of  mariners 
who  may  be  (hipwreckcd  on  this  coail. 
The  N.  end  lies  in  lat.  43  4  N.  and 
Jong.  70  47  W.    See  Nenubury-Port. 

Plumb  IJlajiJ,  on  the  N.  E.  coaft  of 
lioog-lilanai  in  the  State  of  ^cw-Yoik> 


P  1.  Y 

is  annexed  to  Souihhold  in  Suffolk  eo. 
It  contains  about  800  acres,  and  Sup- 
ports 7  faniilitj.  it  is  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces wheat,  corn,  butter,  chetfe,  and 
W(iol.  It  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  froiu 
the  eartern  point  of  Southhold.  Thiu 
ifland,  with  the  laixly  point  of  Gard- 
ner's ifland,  form  the  entrance  of  Gard- 
ner's IJay. 

Put' MB  Point,  Great,  on  the  S.  coafi: 
ot  tht  ifland  of  Jamaica,  forms  the  S.  t. 
limit  of  the  perinfula  of  Port-Koyal, 
whuh  fhelters  thehaibour  of  Kingtton. 
Little  riunib  Point  lies  weitward  of  the 
former,  toward  ■  the  town  ot  Port-Ucyal, 
ou  the  fovith  fide  of  the  perinfula. 

Pli'M:;!  iiAU,  a  poll-towii  of  Penn- 
fylvanJa,  (ituated  on  the  W.  (ide  of 
Delaware  river,  3(1  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  13  S.  by  W,  of  Alexandria, 
in  New-Jcrfey. 

Plymouth,  a  nwritime  county  in 
the  eafliern  part  of  the  iState  of  Mafia- 
chufetts,  having  MafliichAifett's  Bay  to 
the  N.  E.  Briftol  co.  S.  W.  Barnftable 
CO.  S.  E.  and  Norfolk  co.  N.  W.  It  is 
fubdivided  into  15  townlhips,  of  which 
Plymouth  is  the  chief;  and  contains 
4,140  houfes,  and  19,535  inhabitants. 
Within  the  counties  of  Plymouth  and 
Briftol,  there  are  now  in  operation,  14 
blaft,  and  6  air  furnaces,  ao  forges,  7 
flitting  and  rolling  mills,  besides  a  num- 
ber ot  trip-hammer  fliops,  and  an  almoft 
incredible  number  of  nail-lhops,  and 
others  tor  common  fmithery.  Thefe 
furnaces, fupplicd  from  the  neighbouring; 
mines,  produce  annually  fiom  1,500  to 
i,8co  tons  of  iron  ware.  The  forges, 
on  an  average,  manuf  ufture  more  tlian 
i,coo  tons  annually,  and  the  flitting  and 
lolling  mills,  at  leaft  1,500  tons.  The 
various  manufactures  of  thefe  mill?,  have 
given  rife  to  many  other  branches  in 
iron  and  fteel,  viz.  cut  and  hammered 
nails,  fpades  and  (hovels,  card  teeth, 
laws,  Icythes,  metal  buttons,  cannon 
balls,  bells,  fire  arms,  &c.  In  thefe 
counties  are  alfo  nianufa<?Tured  hand-bel- 
lows, combs,  flicet-iron  for  the  tin  raan- 
ufafture,  wire,  linfced  oil,  fniifF,  ftone 
and  eartlien  ware.  The  iron-works, 
called  tJie  Federal  Fuinacc,  are  7  miles 
from  Plymouth  harbour. 

Plymouth,  the  capital  of  the  above 
county.    See  Appendix. 

Plymouth,  a  town  in  Litchfield  co. 
Connecticut. 

Plymouth,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
liampfhirc,  iituated  in  Grafton  co.  at 

the 


'4 


il  of  the  above 


FOG 

ihcmomh  of  Baker's  river,  on  its  S.fidc, 
where  it  tiills  into  the  river  I'cniigcwal- 
£:t;  4C  miles  N.  of  Concord,  71  north- 
weUerly  of  P»)rtfrHouth,  .iml  445  N.L. 
of  Philadelphia.  Tlie  towiilhip  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  contains  625 
inhabitants. 

Plymouth,  formtrly  /tppk-Toivn., 
in  New-Yc'k  State,  hcs  on  tlic  weft 
(ide  of  SencraLakc,  i»  miles  fonth-eart 
of  Geneva,  on  a  beautiful  deiilivity,  fall- 
ing prradiially  towards  the  lake, and  com- 
mands a  deliKhtful  prolpcfft  to  the  wcft- 
crii  country,  and  up  and  down  the  lake. 
Twenty  hordes  were  building  here  in 
1796,  and  as  the  new  State-road,  from 
the  Cavuga,  interfbcts  Uie  town,  a  fer*- 
ry  eftablilhed,  and  another  town  laid 
out  on  the  oppofite  (ide  of  the  lake,  it 
promifes  fair  to  become  a  confidevablc 
^nd  very  tliriving  vijiage.  It  is  well 
watered  by  copious  fprint>s. 

Plymouth,  the  najiie  of  two  town- 
fhips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lu- 
zerne CO.  the  other  in  that  of  Mont- 
gomery. 

Plymouth,  a  fr.rill  poft-town  of  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  fouth  (ide  of  Roanoke 
river,  about  5  miles  above  Albemarle 
Sound.  It  is  a.3  miles  fouth-weft  hv 
S.  of  Edenton,  and  463  fouth  by  wefl 
of  Philadelphia. 

Ply  mouth,  a  fettlemcnt  on  the  fouth 
peninfula  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  in  the  dependence  of  Jercmie, 

Plymouth-Town,  in  the  iiland  of 
Tobago,  in  the  WeJ-lndies.  N.  lat. 
10  I©,  W.  long.  60  32. 

f  L  Y  MPTON,  a  lownfliip  in  Plyriiouth 
CO.  Mafiirchirielts,  45  miles  S.  E.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1707,  and 
contains  956  inhabrtants. 

Pocahontas,  a  town  in  Chefter- 
field  CO.  Virginia,  within  the  jurifdic- 
tion  of  Peternjurg  in  Dinwiddic  co.  It 
probably  derives  its  name  from  the  fa- 
mous princefs  Pocahontas,  tlic  daughter 
of  king  Powhatan. 

Poc  K  R  E  K  E  s  Ko,  a  river  of  New-Brit- 
ain, N.  America. 

PocoMOKE,  an  eaftern  water  of 
Chefapeak  Bay,  navigable  a  few  miles. 
On  its  eaftern  fide,  about  20  miles  from 
its  mouth,  is  the  town  of  Snow  Hill. 

PocoTALiGO,  a  village  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, 15  miles  from"  Combahee  ferry,  and 
67  from  Charlefton. 

POGF,  Capfft  the  N.  E.  point  of  Clu- 
baquiddick  Ifland,  near  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Maflaciiufctts.     Froru  Holmes's 


POL 

Hole  to-  this  cape  the  courfe  Is  S.  E.  iy 
E.  3i  leagues  diftant.  In  the  channel 
between  them  there  are  n  :uid  11  fath- 
oms water.  N.  lat.  41  aj,  W.  long, 
from  Greenwich  70  ij. 

Point,  a  townlhip  in  Northunibor- 
land  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Point  /IhLrton,  the  S.  W.  point  of 
Bofton  harbour.  N.  lat.  4»  20,  W^ 
long.  70  54. 

Point-au-Fhr,  aplgce  near  the  head 
or  northern  p.irt  of  Lake  Champiain, 
witliin  thj5  limits  of  the  United  States, 
It  was  delivered  upbytheBritilh  in  1796. 
Point  le  Proy  the  eaftern  limit  of 
Padamaquoildy  Bay,  on  the  eoaft  of 
Ncw-Biunfwlck. 

I'oiNTK  des  I'it'ger,  a  cape  On  the 
fouth  (ide  of  the  idaiid  of  St.  Domingo^ 
2  leagues  weft  of  the  mouth  oi  Peder- 
nalcs  rrver. 

J'oiNT  Judith,  in  the  townfliip  of 
South-Kingltown,  is  the  fouthextremity 
of  theweftern  (Irore  ofNarraganJet  Bay 
in  Rhodc-Idand.  It  is  9  miles  fouth- 
foulli-wclt  of  Newport.  N.  lat.  41  34r 
W.  long.  71  28. 

Point  Petre,  in  the  ifland  of  Guada- 
loupe,  has  ftrong  fortifications,  and  lies 
about  20  miles  from  Fort  I-ouis. 

Pojauhtecul,  called  by  the  Span- 
iards Volcan  de  Orizaba,  a  celebrated 
mountain  in  Mexico,  or  New-Spain, 
which  began  to  fend  forth  fmoke  in 
1545,  and  continued  to  do  io  for  20 
years  ;  but  for  two  centuriies  paft,  there 
has  no't  been  obferved  the  fraalleft  (ign 
of  burning.  The  mountain,  which  is 
of  a  conical  figure,  is  the  higheft  land 
in  Mexico,  and  is  drlcried  by  feameit 
who  are  fleering  tnat  way,  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  50  leagues ;  and  is  higher  than 
the  Peak  ot  TenerifFe.  Its  top  is  al- 
ways covered  with  fnow,  and  its  border 
adorned  with  large  cedars,  pine,  and 
other  trees  of  valuable  wood,  which 
make  the  profpeft  of  it  every  way 
beautiful.  It  is  90  miles  eaftward  of 
tjie  city  of  Mexico. 

PoKONCA,  a  mountain  in  NortLr^np- 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania,  aa  miles  N.  VV. 
of  Eallon,  and  a6  fouth-eatterly  of 
Wyoming  Fails. 

Poland,  a  townlhip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Diftrict  of  Maine. 

Polliples  Iflandy  a  fmali  rocky 
ifland.  about  80  or  100  rods  in  ch-cum-^ 
fprence,  at  the  northern  entrance  of 
the  High  Lands  in  Hudfon's  1  iver  ; 
remarkable  only  as  the  place  wh^"-.; 

failors 


•  4 


MUMil 


i 


PON 

'  fallors  require  a  treat  of  persons  who 
have  never  before  pafled  the  river. 

Po\4ALACTA,  a  village  in  the  jurit 
didlion  of  the  town  of  Guafuntos,  in 
the  province  of  Quito,  famous  for  the 
ruins  of  a  fortrefs  built  by  the  Yncas, 
«r  ancient  emperors  of  Peru. 

PoMFRE T,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  containing  710  inhabitants. 
It  is  II  miles  W.  of  tlie  ferry  on  Con- 
nefticut  river,  in  the  town  of  Hartford, 
and  64  N.  E.  of  Bennington. 

PoMFRET,  a  poll-town  of  Connefti- 
ci.t,  in  Windham  co.  It  is  40  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Hartford,  6(5  S.  W.  of  Bolton, 
and  264  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia  ;  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and 
a  few  neat  bonles.  The  towAlhip  was 
fjrit  fettled  in  1686  by  emigrants  from 
Roxbiiry.  It  was  part  of  the  Majham- 
eqitet  purchaie,  and  in  1713  u  was 
ereded  into  a  townftiip.  Quinabaug 
river  feparates  it  from  Killingly  on  the 
caft.  In  Pomfret  is  the  fanioas  eave, 
where  General  Putnam  conquered  jnd 
flew  the  wolf. 

PoMPTON,  in  Bergen  co.  New-Jer- 
fey,  lies  on  Ringwood,  a  branch  of  Paf- 
faik  ri^-er,  about  23  miles  north-weft  of 
New- York  city. 

PoMPEV,  a  military  townftiip  in  O- 
fiondago  co.  New-York,  incorporated 
in  1 794.  It  comprehends  the  town- 
fliips  of  Pompey,  Tully,  and  Fabius, 
together  with  that  part  of  the  lards 
called  the  Onondago  Relervation  ; 
bounded  northerly  by  the  Genefee  road, 
and  wefterly  by  tne  Onondago  Creek. 
In  1796,  there  Vere  179  of  the  inhab- 
itants qualified  eieftors. 

J'ONPON.  Sqc  Edijh  Riveft  So\xt\\- 
Csr<y!ina. 

PoNTCHARTRAiN,  a  lake  of  Wcfl- 
Florida,  which  communicates  "aftward 
with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  weftward 
wid»  Miflifippi  river,  through  Lake 
Maurepas  and  Ibberville  river.  It  is 
about  40  miles  long,  24  broad,  and  18 
feet  deep.  The  following  creeks  fall 
into  it  on  the  N.  fide,  viz.  Tangipaho, 
and  I.e  Corr?ble,  4  ffct  deep ;  Chefunc- 
td,  7  ;  and  Bonfou'  i,  6  ;  and  from  the 
peninfula  of  Orleans  Tigahoc,  at  the 
nvnith  of  which  wa;.  a  fmall  poft.  The 
Bayouk  of  St.  John  alfo  communicates 
on  the  fame  lidc.  The  French  inhab- 
itants, who  formwly  refidcd  on  the  N. 
fide  of  this  lake,  chiefly  employed  them- 
felves  in  making  p'tch,  tar,  and  turpen- 
tihe,  and  railing  Itocl:,  for  which  the 


PO  R 

country  is  very  favourable.     See  MaU' 
repas. 

PoNTCHARTRAiN,  an  ifland  in  Lake 
Superior,  fouth  by  weft  of  Maurepas 
Illand,  and  N.  W.  of  Hocquart  Ifland. 

PoNTBQUE,  or  Pontiqttet  a  point  on 
tilt  V/.  coaft  )f  Mexico,  10  leagues 
N.  by  E.  of  Cape  Corientes,  between 
which  is  the  bay  de  Valderas.  To  the 
weftward  ^  it  are  two  fmall  iflands 
of  its  name,  a  league  from  the  main. 
There  are  aJfo  rocks,  called  the  rocks 
of  Ponteque,  ao  leagues  foutk-weft  of 
the  port  of  Matanchel. 

PoPA  Mad^e,  a  town  of  S.  Am*!rira, 
in  Terra  Firma,  50  miles  eaft  of  Cartha- 
gena.    N.  lat.  10  ij,  weft  long.  74  32. 

Popayan,  a  province  of  S.  America, 
in  New  Granada,  about  400  miles  in 
length  and  300  in  breadth.  The  coun- 
try is  unhealthy,  but  vaft  quantities  of 
gold  are  found  in  it.  It  is  ftill  moftly 
m  pofl'elfion  of  the  native  Americans. 

PopAVAN,  the  capital  of  the  above 
province,  and  a  bilhop's  fee,  inhabited 
chiefly  by  Creoles.  It  is  220  miles  N. 
E.  of  Quito. 

Poplar  Spring,  in  the  north-weftern 
part  of  Ann  Arundel  co.  Maryland, 
near  a  brook,  3  miles  foutherly  of  tlic 
weft  branch  of  Pataplco  river,  on  the 
high  road  from  Baltimore  to  Frederickf- 
town,  about  27  miles  weft  of  Baltimore, 
and  41  N.  W.  of  Annapolis, 

Poplin,  a  townlhip  of  Nc.  -Hamp- 
(hire,  in  Rockingham  c^.  12  miles  weft- 
erly of  Exeter,  and  26  wefterly  of  Porti- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  17O4, 
and  contains  493  inhabit ints. 

PooiisooMSiTK,  arivcrof  Vermont, 
which  run'*  a  fbwtherly  ci>iKir,  and  falls 
into  Connedicut  ('iver  in  the  «»wnAiip 
of  Barnet,  near  the  Lower  iswr  ©♦"  the 
15  mile  falls.  It  is  100  yards  wide,  a pd 
noted  for  the  quantity  and  <^ality  ot 
falmon  it  produces.  On  this  river, 
which  is  fettled  20  miles  up,  arc  im\t 
of  the  beft  townfhips  in  the  State. 

PORCAS,  llhade,  ox  Ifland  of  Hog  , 
lies  eaftwaid  of  St.  Sebaftiaii's  Ifland, 
on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  and  20  miles  call- 
ward  of  the  Bay  of  Saints.  j 

For  CAS,  Morro  de,  or  hofs  Straiii,  \ 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  New  Mexico,  is 
northward  of  Point  Higuerra,  the  fouth 
weft  point  of  the  peninfula  which  fornii  j 
the  bay  of  Panama.  From  thence  fliip> 
uluallv  take  their  departure,  to  go  foutli 
ward  for  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

PoRCO,  a  jurildiSion  of  S.  Amerv-i, 

in 


FOR 


P  O  R 


Itity  and  <juality  ot 


in  the  province  of  Charcos,  beginnbg 
at  the  weft  end  of  the  town  of  Potoh, 
about  25  leagues  from  the  city  of  La 
Plata,  and  extending  about  ao  leagues. 
For  CO,  a  town  in  the  above  jurifdic- 
tion,  weft  of  the  mines  of  Potofi.  S. 
kt.  19  40,  W.  long.  64  50. 
PORCUPiNBjCa/*?.  StQB/oniL'medonvn. 
Porpoise,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of 
York  CO.  Diftridl  of  Maine,  is  7  leagues 
N.  by  E.  of  Cape  Neddock,  and  5  foath- 
weft  of  Wood  Ifland.  It  is  known  by 
the  highlands  of  Kennebunk,  which  lie 
to  the  north-weft  ot  it.  A  veflel  that 
draws  ic  <^eet  water  will  be  aground  at 
lowwatc  >  the  harbour  here.  It  is  fo 
narrow,  thai;  a  veflel  cannot  turn  round  ; 
is  within  joo  yards  of  the  fea,  and  fecure 
from  all  winas,  whether  you  have  an- 
chor or  not. 

Portage,  Point,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  New-Brunfwick.and  in  thefouth-weft 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  forms 
the  N.  limit  of  Miramichi  Bay,  as  Point 
Ecounienac  does  the  fouth. 

Port  AMHERST,abayonthefouth- 
eaftern  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  fouth-weft 
of  Port  Rofeway,  and  1 7  miles  N .  E. 
of  Cape  Sable. 

Port  Angel,  a  harbouion  the  W. 
coaft  of  Mexico,  about  halfway  between 
St.  Pedro  and  Compoftelia.  It  is  a 
broad  and  open  bay,  having  good  an- 
chorage, but  bad  landing.  N.  lat  13  32, 
W.  long.  97  4. 

Port  Antonio,  in  the  noith-eaft- 
ern  part  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
lies  W.  by  N.  of  the  north-eaft  point ; 
having  Fort  George  and  Navy  lOand 
on  the  weft,  and  Wood's  IfLind  eaft- 
Ward.  It  is  capable  of  holding  a  large 
fleet ;  and  if  it  were  fortified  and  ac- 
commodated for  refitting  fliips  of  war, 
would  be  of  j',reat  importance,  as  it  is 
only  36  leagues  wefleriy  f  Cape  Tibu- 
tofi  '-'  St.  Domingo,  and  '.  oens  dircdly 
into  die  Windward  Paflb  z:.  The  town 
of  Titclilicld  lies  on  this  oay. 

Porta  Maria,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  Icuth-eafterly 
from  Gallina  Point. 

Porta  P>>r/,  on  the  N,  W.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Newfoundland ;  the  fouth 
entrance  into  which  is  10  or  12  leagues 
from  Cape  St.  George. 

Port  au  Princci  «»  jarifdiflion  and 
fe^-port,  at  the  head  of  the  great  Bay  or 
Bight  of  Leogane,  in  the  weft  part  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo .  The  town , 
■which  is  feated  an  the  head  of  the  bay, 


is  the  feat  of  the  French  government  ia 
time  of  peace,  and  a  place  of  confidera- 
ble  trade.    Though  fingularly  favoured 
with  the  eaft  winds,  )t  was  long  the 
tomb  of  the  unhappy  Europeans,  in  con- 
fequence  of  the  difticult^  of  obtaining 
good  water.     By  the  exertions  of  M. 
de  Marboisj  who  refided  here  about  5 
years,  in  conftrudting  fountains,  public 
bafons,  and  airy  priibns,  the  place  has 
become  far  more  healthy  and  defirable. 
The  jurifdi<Etion  contains  6  parilhes,  and 
its  exports  from  January  i,  1789,  ta 
Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were  as 
follow  :    2,497,321   lbs.  white  fugar  ; 
44,7 1 6,226  Ibr. brown  fugar;  17,829,424 
lbs.    coffee  ;    1,878,999    Ids.    cotton ; 
13  7,95  X  lbs.  indigo  ;  other  articles,  as 
hides,  mvolafles,  fpirits,  &c.  to  the  value 
of  8,2482  livres.     The  total  value  of 
duties  on  the  above  articles  on  exporta- 
tion was  189,945  dolls.  46  cents.    This 
fine  town  whs  nearly  burnt  dcwn  by 
the  revolting  negroes,  in  Nov.  and  Dec. 
1 79 1.      It   IS  only  fit  for   a  fnipping 
place  for  the  produce  of  the  adjacent 
country,  and  for  that  of  the  rich  plains 
of  the  Cul  de  Sac  to  the  nortiiward. 
The  ifiand  of  Gonave  to  the  weft  ward 
would  enable  a  fquadron  to  block  up 
the  port.     The  line  of  communication 
between  Port  au  Piince  and  the  town 
of  St.  Domingo,  is  by  the  ponds,  and 
through  the  towns  of  Neybe,  Azua, 
Rani,  &c.     The  diftance  from  Port  au 
Prince  to  St.  Domingo  atv  being  69 
It.igues  eaft  by  fouth  ;  for  they  reckon 
it  14  leagues  from  the  guard  El  Fondo 
to  Port  au  Prince.    To   fliorten   this 
way  a  little,  and  particularly  to  render 
it  lefs  difagrecable,  one  may  crofs  the 
Brackifli  Pond  in  a  canoe.     Port  aa 
Prince  is  7  leagues  eaft  by  iicrth  of  the 
town  of  Leoganc,  and  about  50  fouth 
by  eaft  as  the  road  runs,  from  Port  de 
Paix.    N.  lat.  18  34,  W.  long.  fron\ 
Paris  74  45* 

Port  Banks,  on  the  fiorth-weft^ 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  fouth-c^ift  of 
Pitt's  ifland,  and  north-v/cft  of  Point 
Bukarell'. 

Port  Cabanas,  on  the  northern 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  lies  E.  byN. 
of  Bahia  Hondu,  and  wellward  of  Port 
Marie!. 

Port  DAtJPHiN,  a  bay  on  the  uaft- 

ern  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  about 

18  leagues  S.  by  W.  of  Cape  Raye  in 

Newfoundland. 

Port  i>fc  Paix,  a  jurifdidion  and 

fea-port, 


,"'  i 


!(*• 


■l\ 


i! 


v.\ 


'14 


■l1 


'i 


Mi- 


Ml 


Hii ;: 


i^i 


,i?i 


BB 


P  O  R 

lea-port,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  tfland 
of  Jit.  Domingo,  towards  the  weftcrn 
end,  and  oppofite  the  ifland  of  Tortue, 
4  leagues  diftant.  The  jurifdiftion  con- 
tains 7  parifhes  ;  the  exports  from 
which,  from  Jan.  i,  1789  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  as  follow  : 
.331,900  lbs.  white  fugar ;  515,500  lbs. 
Drown  fugar  ;  1.957,618  lbs.  coffee  ; 
35,154  lbs.  cotton  ;  29,181  lbs.  indigo. 
The  duties  on  exportation  of  the  above 
amounted  to  9,407  dollars  60  cents.  It 
is  30  leagues  north  of  St.  Mark,  17  E. 
bv  N.  ot  the  Mole,  and  19^  weflward 
of  Cane  Francois.  N.  lat.  19  54,  W. 
long,  from  Paris  75  la. 

Port  de  la  ChatMerk,  on  the  S. 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  lies 
at  the  eaflern  entrance  of  the  Bay  of 
Ocoa,  which  is  18  leagues  W,  by  S.  of 
the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  This  port  is 
large,  open,  and  deep  enough  to  admit 
veflels  of  any  burden. 

Port  Dtsirk,  a  harbour  on  the  E. 
eoafl  of  Patagonia,  S.  America,  where 
vf-'frds  fi>mfjumes  touch  in  their  paflage 
to  the  Soutli  Sea.  It  is  about  150  miles 
N,  E.  of  Port  St.  Julian.  S,  lat.  476, 
W.  long.  C4  24. 

PoRi  Du  Prince,  a  town  on  the 
northern  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
having  a  gouf  harbour.  The  town 
ilaiids  in  a  large  meadow,  where  the 
Spaniards  feed  numerous  herds  of  cattle. 

Port  EcmnNT,  on  the  N.  coafl  of 
one  of  the  Fa'rland  Hies,  and  towards 
the  W-  end  of  chat  coaft.  It  is  one  of 
the  moft  extenfive  and  commodioius 
fiarbours  in  th*  world  ;  fo  that  it  has 
been  afTncd  tliat  tiie  whole  navy  of 
Groat-Britain  n>tght  ride  fecurely  in  it. 
Commodore  Bvion  dif'covered  this  ex- 
cellent harbour  m  1775,  on  beinp  lent 
to  take  polTeflion  of  the  i (lands  for  the 
Britifh  govern  naent. 

PoRTFP,  a  JBike  of  Nova-Scotia, 
\rhich  em;Xi<-s  itl-^if  into  the  oceiui,  5 
kagues  ealtward  of"  Halifax.  It  is  15 
miles  in  length,  ami  li;df  a  itmIc  in  width, 
with  iflunds  in  it. 

P()RTKRnr.i.n,  a  fmall  fettlement  in 
York  r'j.  Dirtrift  of  M  tine. 

P.iK  I  {•«<•>  a  riv'T  of  Pern,  which 
rmmcs  into  the  ic  \  at  the  city  of 
Baldivia. 

Port  Ji'tUK,  or  Pyrf  St.  Julian t  a 
haHyrw  <>»»  the  E.  coaft  at  Patagonia,  in 
S.  Af»fi^  I,  150  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Port 
Dctrc.  It  has  a  free  an. I  open  entrance, 
iV)«i  fait  is  tbfuii  nciir  it.     The  coati- 


1»  O  R 

nent  is  not  above  100  leagues  broat? 
here.  Befides  fait  ponds,  I'.ere  •  arc 
plenty  of  wild  cattle,  horfes,  Peruvian 
fheep,  and  wild  dogs,  but  the  water  h 
bad.    S.  lat.  49  10,  W.  long.  68  44. 

Portland,  a  pofttown  and  port  of 
entry,  in  Cumberlsmd  co.  Dtflri^t  of 
Maine.    It  is  the  capital  of  the  diftrid^, 
and  is  frtuatcd  on  a  promontory  in  Ca/co 
Bay,  and  was  ibrmerly  a  part  of  Fal- 
mouth,    it  is  vo  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
WifcafTet,  123  N.  by  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  469  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia.   In  July, 
178^,  this  part  of  the  town,  being  the 
mofl  populous  and  mercantile,  and  fitu- 
aterf  on  the  harbour,  together  wirS  the 
iflands  which  belong  to  Falmouth,  wan 
incorporated  by  the  name  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  mofl  excellent,  flife,  and  capa- 
cious harbour,  which  is  feldom  or  never 
completely  frozen  over.     It  is  near  the 
main  ocean,  and  is  eafy  of  accefs.   The 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  confiderablc  for- 
eign tra<fe,  build  fhips,  ami  are  largely 
concerned  in  the  fifhery.     It  is  one  of 
the  mofl  thriving  cortimcrcial  towns  in 
the  ComraonweSth  of  Maflachufetts. 
Although  three-fourths  of  it  was  laid  in 
aflies  by  the  Britidi  fleet  in  1775,  it  has 
fince  been  entirel?  rebuilt,  ami  contains 
about   2300  inhabitants.      Among   its 
public  buildinp^s  are  3  churches,  2  for 
Congregationatifts,  and  i  for  Epifcopa- 
lians,  and  a  handfome  court-houfe.    A 
light-honfe  was  created  ir.  1790,  on  * 
point  of  land  called  Portland  Head,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  harbour.    It  is  a 
ftone  edifice,  7z  feet  high,  cxclufive  of 
the  lanthorn,  and  liiands  in  lat.  44  2  N. 
and  lon^.  69  52  W.     The  following 
dire(5fions  are  to  be  obferx.-rl  in  coming 
into  the  harbour.    Brine  the  light  to 
bear  N.  N.  W.  then  run  Tor  it,  allowing 
a  fmall  diflance  on  the  larboard  hand  ; 
and  whe--  abnaft  of  the  fame,  then  'Mh 
N.  by  W.    This  coorfe  will  give  goo-^ 
anchorage  from  half  a  mile,  to  a  mil' 
and  a  Iralf.     No  variation  of  the  com- 
pafs  is  allowe.1.    The  works  ereded  in- 
1795,  for  the  defence  of  Portland,  con- 
fill  of  a  fort,  a  citadel,  a  Iwnery  for  10 
pieces  of  cannon,  an  artilkry.ftore,  a 
guard-houlf,  an  an  furnace  for  heating 
mot,  and  i.  covered  way  tfom  the  foil 
to  the  battery. 

Portland  Heady  in  Cafco  Bay,  in 
the  Dillrid  of  Maine,  the  promontory 
on  wh'''a  the  Iighr-houfe  above  defcrib- 
ed  flands,  i'.-om  the  light-hoirfe  to  AI- 
den's  Ledge,  is  4  leagues  S.  S.  E.    Higb 


P  O  ft 

water  in  Portland  harbour,  at  full  and 
change,  45  minutes  after  10  o'clock. 
See  Portland, 

PoRTi>AND  Point,  on  the  fouth  coafl 
of  tlie  iiland  of  Janiaicri,  and  the  innft 
ibutlierly  land  in  it,  lies  in  lat.  17  48  N. 
and  long.  77  4a  W. 

Pqrtlock's  Harbour,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.America,  has  a  narrow  en- 
trance comjiared  with  its  circular  form 
within.  The  middle  of  Uic  entrance 
lies  in  hit.  57  43  jo,  and  long.  1364* 
50  W. 

Port  Marquis,  a  harbour  on  the 
coaft  of  Mexico,  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  3  miles  eaftward  of  Acapulco, 
where  fliips  from  Peru  frc(|uently  land 
their  contraband  goods.  N.  lat.  1737, 
W.  long.  102  a6. 

Porto  Bella,  a  fea-port  town  of  S. 
America,  having  a  good  lurbour  on  the 
northern  fide  of  the  Ifthnrus  of  Daiien, 
in  tlie  province  of  Terra  Firma  Proper, 
nearly  oppofite  to  Panama  on  tjie  fouth- 
ern  fide  of  the  iflhmus.  It  is  (ituattd 
cloib  to  the  fea,  on  the  declivity  of  a 
mountain  which  furrounds  the  whole 
liarbour.  It  atiounds  with  reptiles  in 
the  rainy  feafon,  and  at  all  times  is  very 
unhealthy  ;  and  is  chielly  inhabited  by 
people  of  colour,  and  negroes.  It  s 
taken  by  Admiral  Vernon  in  1742,  w-.o 
demolimed  the  fortifications.  But  it  is 
now  ftrongly  fortified.  N.  lat.  9  34  ^$, 
W.  long.  81  5Z.  See  Ikiricn  and  Pa- 
nama. 

PoRTO  Cahello,  a  maritime  town  of 
t!ie  Ciiraccar,  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, 6  leagues  from  Leon  ;  chiefly  in- 
habited by  fiihermen,  I'ailors,  and  fac- 
tors. 

Porto  Cavallo,  a  fea-poit  town  of  S. 
America,  in  Terra  Firma,  aud  on  the 
coall  of  the  Caraccas.  The  B. iiilh  loft 
1  great  many  men  here,  in  an  unfuccefj'- 
'  li  a'tack  l)v  it:A  and  land,  in  1 743.  N. 
kit.  10  2o,  W.  long.  ^14  ,i.o. 

PofvTO  del  Principe,  a  fca-port 
m  the  north  coaft  of  the  illand  of  Cuba, 
00  miles  vS.  J-:,  of  the  Havannah,  and 

')  N.  W.  of  Baracoa.  It  w.is  former- 
ly a  latge  and  rich  town,  but  being  ta- 
ken by  C*pt.  Morgan,  with  his  buccan- 
eers, ahti  a  itout  r«liltanoe,  it  never  re- 
covertd  1II1.1K  N«(ir  k  are  Icveral 
Iprings  of  biiunK'n. 

FoRTo  Kiiu,  one  <>f  the  Antillc  1(1- 
Ands,  in  tli',;  Weft-Indies,  belong; nj^  10 
ihcSpani.irds,  .ibout  loo  miles  long,  and 
',0  broiid,   ;r,id   contyiiif.    about   3,200 


P  O  R 

fc^uarc  miles.  It  is  ao  leagvcs  E.  S.  E. 
ot  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  The 
lands  are  beautifully  divcrlillcd  with 
woods,  valHes,  and  pl.iin",  and  arc  very 
fruitful ;  yielding  tiie  lame  produce  as 
the  other  iflands.  Tlie  illand  is  well 
watered  by  fprings  and  rivcis,  but  is  im- 
hcakhy  in  the  rainy  fealbns.  CJnld, 
which  fitll  induced  the  Si^aniards  to  fti- 
tie  here,  is  no  longer  fiiund  in  any  con- 
fidcrabic  quantity.  In  i  778,  tliisiiland 
contained  80,660  inhabitants,  of  which, 
only  6,1; 30  were  Haves.  Tliere  wore 
tlicn  tecLiined  upon  the  illand,  77,^84 
head  c(  horned  cattle  ;  2,\,\^3  horles ; 
1,515  umk'% ;  49,o5X  head  of  lm;ill  cat- 
tle :  5,861  plant.itions,  yielding  2,737 
([uiittals  of  fi,g.,>r ;  1,163  <iuintals  of  cot- 
ton ;  19,556  (juintals  of  rice  ;  15,216 
quintds  of  maize  ;  7,45  8  quintals  of  to- . 
baccc  and  <;,86o  quinuls  of  molafTes. 

Porto  IUjo,  or  St.  Juan  de  Porto 
Rico,  the  capital  town  of  the  ifland  of 
that  name,  above  defcribed,  Hands  on  a 
linall  ifland,  on  the  m-.x\l\  fide  of  the 
ifland  uf  Porto  Rico,  to  which  itis  join- 
ed by  a  caufeway,  extending  acroi's  the 
harbour,  which  is  very  fpacioas,  and 
where  the  laigeft  veflels  may  lie  in  the 
utmoft  feciuiiy.  It  is  large  and  v/ell 
built,  and  is  the  fee  01  a  biiho[) ;  and 
the  forts  and  batteiits  ar.-  fo  well  fitua- 
ted  and  llroiig,  as  to  render  ii  almofl 
inaceeffible  to  an  enemy.  It  was,  how- 
ever, tak^n  by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  and  nf- 
ferwards  by  ilic  eail  of  CumbecJand.  It 
is  better  inhabited  than  muft  oi  the  Span- 
iih  towns,  being  the  centre  of  the  con- 
traband trade  carried  on  by  the  .Britilh 
and  French,  with  the  king  01  ^ipain's 
fubjc<^p.  In  1615,  the  Dutch  took  and 
plundered  this  city  ;  but  could  not  re- 
tain it.     N.  Lit.  18  10,  VV.  loiig.  65  35. 

PoK.ro  ^Sn/i/o,  an  ifland  on  the  coait 
of  I'crj,  a  league  \V.  N.  W.  of  the 
port  and  citv  of  Santo  or  Santa,  nearly 
uppoiiie  to  ii'C  port  of  Ferol,  a  league 
dill  ant  northerly,  and  9  N.  W.  of  Gua- 
nape  Ifland. 

PoR  1 0  Suiito,  a  port  fituated  in  the 
ni'iudi  of  tht.  liver  of  its  name,  0:1  the 
coait  of  Peru,  X.  N.  E.  of  Point  Feiol, 
and  6  leagiics  '6.  F.  of  C'.ipe  de  Chao 
or  Chau,  aiui  in  Ut.  8  47  S, 

For  I  A;/.v.     See  Port .."/  /y/V. 

PoRro  HCfuro,  a  captainlhip  ot)  the 
coallof  Bu/.l,  in  S.  America,  bound.d 
]'■;.  by  tlvj  go\  einment  of  Rio  dos  Hilios ; 
N.  by  thi-  South  Adaiitic  Ocean ;  y. 
bv  Si>iiitu  Santo,  and  v.cH  bv  the  coun- 
try 


If, 


'i.i 


;;      ;  I 


I 

\ 

? 

\ 

till 


fSili'l 

Ill 

l!l 


m 


P  O  R 

try  of  the  Tupick  Indians.    The  coun- 
try is  very  fertile. 

Porto  Seguro,  the  capital  of  the 
above  captainfhip,  is  feated  on  the  top 
of  a  rock,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  on 
the  fca-coaft,  and  inhabited  by  Portu- 
gnefe.    S.  lat.  ij,  W,  long.  38  50. 

Port  Penn,  a  town  of  Newcaftle  co. 
Delaware,  on  the  weft  fhore  of  Dela- 
•ware  river,  and  feparated  from  Reedy 
Ifland  on  the  eafl  by  a  narrow  channel. 
"k  contains  about  30  or  40  houfes,  and 
lies  50  miles  below  Philadelphia.  Se^ 
Perm  and  Reedy  I/land. 

Port  Royal,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  South-Carolina,  is  feparated  from  the 
main  land  on  the  weft  by  Broad  river. 
It  conlifts  of  about  1,000  acres  of  excel- 
lent land  ;  and  on  it  ftands  the  town 
of  Beaufort.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bour, fufficient  to  contain  the  largeft 
fleet  in  the  world.  It  is  6  leagues  N. 
E.  i  E.  of  Tybee  light-houfe,  at  the 
mouth  of  Savannah  river.  N.  lat.  34  ta, 
W.  long.  80  54.  At  Pari  Royal  En- 
trance it  is  high  water  at  full  and  change 
a  quarter  palt  8  o'clock. 

Pcr.T  Rcyalt  m  Nova-Scotia.  See 
jfinnapolis  Royal. 

Port  Rsyal,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia, 
feated  on  the  fouth  bank  of  Rappahan- 
nock river,  in  Caroline  co.  It  is  laid 
out  on  a  regular  plan,  and  contains  about 
3CC  houfes  which  make  a  handfome  ap- 
pearance, being  built  of  brick.  Here 
are  3  churches,  viz.  for  Epifcopalians, 
Prelbyterians  and  Methodifts.  It  is  aa 
miles  fouih-eaft  of  Fredeiickfburg,  58 
above  Urba.ma,  and  330  fouth-weft  of 
Philadelphia.    N.  lat  38  13,  W.  long. 

77  34- 

Port  Royal,  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  formerly  called  Puerta 
ds  Caguaya,  once  a  place  of  the  great- 
eft  wealth  and  importance  in  tiie  Weft- 
Indies,  is  nov,'  reducci'  by  repeated  ca- 
lamities to  3  ftreet«,  a  few  lanes,  and 
alniut  100  houii"<.  It  contains,  howev- 
ei,  'he  royal  n,ivy-yard,  fi  heaving 
down,  >.k1  reifitting  tlu'  king's  !hips; 
the  nival  hofpital,  anc*  barracks  tor  a 
re;  imcnt  of  foldiers.  The  forahcations 
SVC  kept  in  rxcellent  order,  and  vie  in 
itrcngMi,  It  is  laid,  v/ith  anv  turtrefs  in 
tlv'v"  !li  dominion'.  The  e?^.:ciicnee 
('t  ,  .i.r.Dour,  ;ind  i*s  liiuation,  were 
io  ^ilunng,  that  it  was  not  until  the 
tawn  had  been  3  times  entirely  rteftroy- 
e*1,  (iirlt  by  a  tcrnb'e  curthquaki",  tiif 
Vih  uf  June  joyi ;  thi,*a  by  a  great  fire, 


P  O  R 

TO  years  after,  and  laftly,  by  a  hurricane 
in  178a,  the  moft  terrible  on  recordj 
that  the  inhabitants  could  be  prevailea 
upon,  to  relinquifli  this  ill-fated  foot. 
After  this  laft  calamity,  they  refolved 
to  remove  to  the  oppolite  fide  of  the 
Bay,  where  they  built  a:/«^/«i«,  now 
the  capital  of  the  ifland.  In  the  har- 
bour of  Port  Royal,  veflels  of  700  tons 
can  lie  clofe  along  iuore.  N.  lat  18, 
W.  long.  76  45- 

Port  Royal,  a  town  and  harbour  in 
the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  Weft. 
Indies  j  which,  with  St.  Peter's,  are  the 
chief  places  of  the  ifland.  N.  lat.  14  36, 
W.  long.  61  9. 

Port  Ro:^a%  in  the  ifland  of  Otaheite, 
See  Matavia. 

Port  Royal,  an  ifland  and  harbour 
in  the  fouth-weft  part  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay  of 
Campeachy.  The  harbour  is  18  leagues 
S.  W.  by  S,  of  Champetan  ;  and  the  ifl- 
and, 3  miles  long  and  i  broad,  lies  weft 
of  the  harbour. 

Port  5/.  John,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
province  of  Nicaragua,  in  New-Spain, 
at  the  moath  of  a  river  on  the  N.  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  Tiie  harbour  is  lafe  and 
capacious,  and  is  the  fea-port  of  the  city 
of  Leon,  30  miles  to  the  S.  E.  N.  lat. 
la  10,  W.  long.  87  38. 

Portsmouth,  the  metropolis  of 
New-Hamplhire,  and  the  largeft  town 
in  the  State,  and  its  only  fea-porc,  is 
fituated  about  two  miles  trom  the  fea, 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  Pifcataqua  river. 
It  is  the  fliire  town  of  Rockingham  co. 
and  its  harbour  is  one  of  the  fineik  on 
the  continent,  having  a  fufficient  depth 
of  water  tor  veflels  of  any  burden.  It 
is  defended  againft  ftorms  bv  the  adja- 
cent land,  in  fuch  a  manner,  as  that 
(hips  may  fecurely  ride  there  in  any 
feafon  of  the  year  ;  nor  is  it  ever  frozen, 
by  rcaibn  of  ftreneth  of  the  current, 
and  narrown>  fs  of  the  channel.  Be 
(ides,  the  hai4>our  is  fo  well  fortified  by 
nature,  tN»<  \f  '  little  art  will  be  necei- 
lai  V  u»  -<?o-i>cr  it  impregnable.  Its  vicin- 
ii ,  tO  ilie  lea  renders  it  verv  convenient 
f>'  naval  trade.  A lighi-houfc,  with 
a  (ingle  light,  ftands  on  Newcaftle 
Kknd,  at »  e  entrance  of  th'  harbour, 
in  lat.  43  5  north,  and  ionj;  ;o  4T  well. 
Ships  of  war  Save  been  built  here  ; 
among  others,  the  Atneiica,  ( •  74  guns, 
launched  November,  1781,  and  nrt'l'tnnv 
ed  to  the  kin^  of  France,  bv  tne  Con- 
tjrcfs  of  Uic  Utut«d  biutes.    Portfmouth 

eouttiiiiu 


andofOtaheite. 


FOR 

contains  about  640  dwelling-lioufcs, 
and  nearly  as  many  other  buildings, 
befides  diofe  for  public  ufes,  which  are 
2  Congregational  churches,  i  t'pifcopal 
church,  I  for  Univerfalifts,  a  State- 
houfe,  a  market-houfe,  4  fchooLhoufes, 
a  work-houfe,  and  a  bank.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 
1704,  amounted  to  the  value  of  153,865 
dollars.  A  fettlement  was  begun  here 
in  16*3,  by  Captain  Mafon  and  other 
merchants,  among  whom  Sir  F.  Gorges 
had  a  fhare.  They  defigned  to  carry 
on  the  fifhery,  to  make  fait,  trade  with 
the  natives,  and  prepare  lumber.  As 
agriculture  was  only  a  fecondary  objeif, 
the  fetdement  failed.  The  town  was 
incorporated  in  1633.  It  is  10  miles 
fouth-wefterly  of  York,  in  the  Diftri(5l 
ef  Maine,  22  northerly  of  Newbury- 
Port,  65  N.  N.  E.  of  Bofton,  and  411 
N.E.  by  N.  of  Philadt^hia. 

Portsmouth,  a  townfliip  of  good 
land  on  the  N.  end  of  Rhode-Ifland, 
Newport  CO,  containing  iv6o  inhabit- 
ants, including  17  (laves;  on  the  road 
from  Newport  to  Briftol. 

Portsmouth,  afmallfea-port  town 
of  N.  Carolina,  in  Carteret  co.  on  the 
N.  end  of  Core  Bank,  near  Octecock 
Inlet.  Its  chief  inhabitants  are  iiflicr- 
men  and  pilots. 

Portsmouth,  a  pleafant,  flourifli- 
ing,  and  regularly  built  town  in  Norfolk 
CO.  Virginia  ;  lituated  on  the  well  fide 
of  Elizabeth  river,  oppofite  to  and  a 
mile  diftant  from  Norfolk  ;  both  which 
conllitute  but  one  port  of  entry.  It 
contains  about  300  houl'es,  and  1702  in- 
habitants, including  616  flavcs.  Itis  III 
miles  E,  by  S,  of  Peterfburg,  and  390 
foutherly  of  Philadelphia.  See  Norfolk. 
Portsmouth,  a  town  on  the  N. 
W.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in 
the  Wefl -Indies ;  fituated  on  Prince 
Rupert's  Bay,  between  the  falt-works 
and  the  coafl. 

Port  Tobacco,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
land, and  capital  of  Charles  co.  fituated 
a  little  above  the  confluence  of  two 
fmall  ftreams  which  form  the  creek  of 
its  name,  which  empties  through  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Patowniac,  at  Thomas's 
Point,  about  4  miles  below  the  town. 
It  contains  about  80  houfes,  and  a  large 
Epifcopal  church,  not  in  good  repair, 
•ind  a  ware-houfe  for  the  inlpeci'tion  of 
tobacco.  In  the  vicinity  arc  the  cele- 
brated cold  waters  of  Mount  Mifery. 
It  is  51  miles  S.  W.  ut  Annapolis,  '9 


POT 

from  Allen's  Frefli,  83  S.  S.  W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  194  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Phil* 
adelphia. 

Portuoal  Point.    Spc  Tortue. 
Portuguese  AmtK.:a,  or  Brazil, 
lies  between  the  equator  and  the  35th 
degree  of  S.  lat.  and  between  35  and  60 
W.  long.    On  the  coafl  are  three  fmall 
iflands,  where  ihips  touch  for  provilions 
on  their  voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  viz. 
Fernando,  St.  Barbara,  and  St.  CatLer- 
ines.    See  Brazil.    Since  the  difcovery 
of  the  mines  of  Brazil,  that  is,  witliin 
the  lafl  6c  or  70  years,  Portugal  has 
drawn  from  Brazil  3,400   millions  of 
livres,  or  100  millions  of  pounds  flcr- 
ling.    Befides  thefe  large  fiims  of  mon, 
ey,  fhe  receives  from  Brazil  large  qurin. 
tities  of  cocoa,  fugar,  rice,   train-oiJ, 
whale-bone,cofiee,  and  medicinal  drugs, 
Potatoe,  a  bay  lb  named,  on  the 
S.  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's 
Ifland,  in  the  Wefl-Indies. 

Potoe.-,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  in 
the  archbilboi>ric  of  Plata  and  province 
of  Los  Charcos,  75  miles  S.  E.  of  the 
city  of  La  Plata.  The  famous  moun- 
tain of  this  name  is  known  all  over  the 
commercial  world,  for  the  immcnfe 
quantities  of  lilver  it  has  produced. 
The  mines  in  its  vicinity  are  now  much 
exliaulled,  although  itill  very  rich  ; 
and  tne  town,  which  once  contained 
90,00  inhabitants,  Spaniards  and  In- 
dians, (of  which  the  latter  compofed 
above  four-fitths)  does  not  now  contain 
above  25,000.  Ttw  principal  mines 
are  in  the  northerr  part  of  the  moun- 
tain, and  their  direction  is  from  N.  to 
S.  The  Mofl  intelligent  people  of  Pera 
have  obfcrved  that  this  is  the  general  di» 
redion  of  the  richeft  mines.  The  fields 
round  Fotoli  are  coid,  ban  en,  and  bear 
little  elfc  tlian  oats,  which  feldom  ripen, 
but  are  cut  up  and  given  for  forage  in 
the  blade  :  and  provilions  are  brought 
here  fron.  the  neighbouring  provinces* 
It  is  ;oo  iiles  S.  E.  of  Area,  lat.  ai  S, 
and  long  ,  7  VV, 

Potters,  a  townfhip  of  Penrfylva- 
nia,  fituated  on  Suf(iuchannah  river.  See 
Northumberland  Countu 

PoTTERbTowisi,  in  Hunterdon  co, 
New-Jerfey,  is  about  5  miles  E.  of  Leb. 
anon,  and  about  21  N.  W.  of  New- 
Brunfwick. 

Po T r  s G  RO  v  E ,  a  poll-town  of  Penn» 
fylvania,  fituated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Schuylkill  river,  17  miles  S.  E.  of  Read* 
,  icg,  and  37  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

P0VGHK;££i>31£, 


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P  o  w 

PouGHKHPsiB,  a  pofl,-town  of 
Kew-York,  and  capital  of  Diitchefs  co. 
delighttlilly  fituated  a  mile  fiom  die  £. 
bank  ot  Iludlbn's  river,  and  contains  a 
number  ot  neat  dwellings,  a  com  thoufe, 
a  church  for  Prefbyterians,  one  fur 
^pifcopaliaiis,  and  aa  academy.  Here 
is  alio  a  printing-office.  Ji  is  alrout  18 
lailes  N.  W.  of  Danbury,  in  Connedi- 
ciit,  ?4  N.  of  N.York  city,  8 1  S.  of  Alba- 
ny,  and  180  N.E.by  N.  of  Philaddphia. 
The  townlliip  is  bounded  foutherly  by 
Wappinger's  Kill,  or  Creek,  and  weft- 
erly  by  Hudfon's  river.  It  contains 
3,549  inhabitants,  including  429  eled- 
ors,  and  199  flavcs. 

Poult NEV,  a  fmall  river  of  Ver- 
mont, which  falls  into  Eaft  Bay,  togetl\- 
cr  with  Caftleton  river,  near  Col.  Ly- 
ons's  iron-works. 

PouLTNEY,  a  confiderablc  and  flour- 
iihing  townfhip  in  Rutland  co.  bounded 
wefterly  by  Hampton  in  New- York, 
■which  adjoins  Skeenfborough  on  die 
well:.    It  contains  i,iai  inhabitants. 

PouMARON,  or  Pumarony  a  river  on 
the  coaltof  Surinam,  S,  America, whofe 
E. point  isCapeNallaUjOr  Cape  Drooge. 

PouNDRiDGE,  a  townfliip  in  Weft 
Chefter  co.  New- York,  bounded  South- 
erly by  the  State  of  Connedlicut,  eafter- 
ly  and  northerly  by  Salem,  and  wcllerly 
by  Bedford  and  Mahanus  river.  It  con- 
tiiins  1, 06a  free  inhabitants,  of  vhom 
J  41  are  eledors. 

Powell's  Creek,  in  the  Stute  of  Ten- 
neflee,  rifes  in  Powell's  Mountain,  nms 
.S.  wefterly,  and  enters  Clinch  river, 
tjjrough  its  northern  bank ;  38  miles 
N.  E.  of  Knoxville.  It  is  laid  to  be 
navigable  in  boats  80  miles. 

Powhatan,  the  ancient  n.une  of 
James  river  in  Virginia. 

Powhatan,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  by  James  river,  whic!i  fcp- 
arates  it  from  Goochland,  and  Ibuth  by 
Amelia  co.  It  has  its  name  in  honour 
of  tiic  laaious  Indian  king  of  its  name, 
the  father  of  Pocahontas.  It  contains 
*,g22  inhabitant?,including  4,3x5  Haves. 
The  cGMTt-hoiife  in  the  above  county  is 
1 7  miles  from  CarturiVillc,  ao  from  Cum- 
berland counJiouie,  and  310  from  Phil- 
adelphia. 

PowNAL,  a  flourifliing  townftiip  in 
the  f'  v'li-well  corner  ot  Vermont,  Ben- 
nington CO.  louth  of  the  town  ot  Ben- 
nington. It  contains  1,746  inhabitants. 
Mount  Belcher,  a  portion  of  which  is 
witlun  the  tov/u  of  Powual,  Hands  pavt- 


P  R  A 

!y  in  3  of  the  States,  viz.  New-Y^ifk, 
Vermont,  and  M.)flkchufetts.  Mount 
Anthony,  alfo,  one  of  the  moft  remark- 
able mountains  in  Vermont,  lies  between 
diis  and  Bennington. 

PowN  ALBORouGH,  the  fliirc  town 
of  Lincoln  co.  Difti  i»ih  of  Maine,  is  litu- 
ated  on  the  eaft  lide  of  Kcnnebeck  riv- 
er, and  is  a  place  of  increaling  import- 
ance, and  contains  a  Congregational 
church,  and  feveral  handfome  dwellioy- 
houfes.  Tiie  Houriiliing  port  and  poll- 
town  of  V/ifcalFetis  within  the  townflup 
of  Pownalborough.  'i'hi'.>  town  w.is  in- 
corpoiated  in  176. ,  and  conuius  in  all 
2,055  inhabitants.  It  n  j,^  miles  north 
of  Bath,  50  N.  E.  of  Poitland,  171  N. 
by  E.  of  Bolton,  and  5  zj  N.  £.  of  J'hil- 
adclphia. 

Powow,  a  fmall  river  of  Ellcx  co. 
Mafl'achufetts,  which  rifes  in  Kingfton 
in  New-Hamplliire.  In  its  courie, 
which  is  8.  E.  it  pa/llsover  i'cveral  tidls, 
en  which  are  mills  of  various  kinds,  and 
empties  into  Merrimack  river,  7  m.'les 
from  the  fca,  between  the  towns  of  Salif- 
bury  and  Ameft)ury,  connected  by  a 
convenient  bridge,  with  a  draw,  acrofs 
the  river.  It  is  navigabli;  a  mile  from 
its  mouth,  and  many  vellels  are  built  on 
its  banks.    See  Ahnfbury  and  Salijbury, 

PovAis,  a  town  of  N.  America, 
(Ituated  on  the  weft  (ide  of  Black  river, 
in  the  province  of  Honduras,  about  no 
miles  W.  N.  W.  of  Secklong,  and  ss 
fouth  of  Cape  Cameron,  which  forms 
the  north  point  of  the  entrance  of  the 
river  in  the  Sea  of  Honduras. 

Prairie  de  Rochet't  la,  or  i'he  Rock 
Meadovjsy  a  fettlement  in  the  N.  W, 
Territory,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  Miifi- 
fippi  ;  fituated  on  the  cult  lide  of  a 
llream  which  empties  into  die  Miflifippi, 
la  miles  to  the  foulh.  it  is  15  miles  N. 
W.  of  Kafkafkias  village,  and  5  N.  E. 
by  E.  of  Fort  Chart  res.  About  ao  years 
ago  it  contained  loo  white  inhabitants 
and  80  negroes. 

Pk  A  t  R I  e ,  /,<r,a  populous  little  village, 
with  narrow  dirty  ftreets,  on  the  river 
St,  f.awrence  in  Canada,  18  miles  north 
of  Si.  John,  and  9  fouih-weft  ot  Mont- 
real. 

pRASMN,  Port,  is  on  the  N.  fii'e  of 
the  lands  of  the  Aifacides,  in  S.lat.  ,  15 , 
E.  long,  from  P.iiis  155  %%  ;  difcovere  ) 
and  entered  by  M.  de  SuryiUe,  OvJt.  n, 
1769.  The  iflands  which  form  this 
port  arc  coveted  witii  trees,  and  at  high 
water  arc  parUy  ovcrllowed.    The  nrt- 

lui 


.  New- York, 
etts.  Mount 
moft  remark- 
,  lies  between 

le  (hire  town 
yiaine,  is  litu- 
[^niiebeck.  liv- 
:aling  iniport- 
ongregationiil 
ame  dwcllioy- 
port  and  polt- 
n  the  townQup 
;  town  w.is  in- 
conuins  in  all 
]  ;  miles  north 
itland,  171  N. 
N.E.otrhil- 

r  of  Eflcx  CO. 
ics  in  Kingfton 
In  its  courl'e, 
/er  Icveral  lalls, 
rious  kinds,  and 
k  riviir,  7  ni'les 
c  towns  of  Salil- 
:c)nnei:tcd  by  a 
a  draw,  acrois 
iblo  a  mile  from 
dels  are  built  on 
■y  and  Salijbury, 
[,f  N.  America, 
'.  of  Black  river, 
uras,  about  no 
cklong,  and  55 
,.,  which  forms 
entrance  of  the 
duras. 

In,  or  itje  Rock 
t  in  theN.W. 
ide  of  the  Milfi- 
cull  fide  ot  a 
ito  the  Mifliilppi. 
iiis  i.s  miles  N. 
.gc,  and  5  N.  E. 
About  ao  years 
liite  inliabitants 

ous  little  village, 
;is,  on  the  river 
a,  J  8  miles  north 
h-wcll  ot  Mont- 

on  the  N.  fii'c  "f 
los,  in  S.liit.  /  »5> 
J  T^i',  difcovercl 

urviUc,  t)^t.  ih 
which  form  this 
rccs,  and  at  hiiil* 

wed.  The  art- 
iul 


0 


put 

fal  natives  entrapped  fome  of  SiirviHe's 
rtieo  in  an  ambufcade,  in  confequance 
of  which  ■^o  or  40  of  the  favages  were 
killed.  The  inhabitants  of  thcfc  iflands 
are  in  general  of  the  negro  kind,  with 
black  woolly  hair,  flat  nofes,  and  thick 
lips. 

PRE3C0TT,  a fmall  plantation  in  Lin- 
coin  CO.  Diftridt  of  Maine,  which,  to- 
gether with  Cart's  plantation,  has  159 
inhabitants. 

PRESQUK  ///c,  a  fmall  peninfula,  on 
the  fouth-eaft  fliore  of  Lake  Erie,  almoft 
due  fouth  of  I-ong  Point  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  the  lake  ;  i  ^  miles  from  l-'ort 
Ikaiif,  and  60  N.  by  W.  of  Venango, 
on  Alleghany  river.  The  garrifon  a- 
bout  to  be  ere(5led  by  the  United  States 
at  Prefque  Klc,  will  be  upon  a  very 
commanding  ipot,  jiill  oppofite  the  en- 
trance of  the  bay.  The  town  commen- 
ces 30  yards  weft  of  the  old  Britifh  fort, 
leaving  a  vacancy  of  600  yards  for  a 
military  parade^nd  public  walk.  The 
town,  which  is  now  building,  will  ex- 
tend neatly  ^  miles  along  the  laki.  and  i 
mile  back.   It  lies  in  lat.  about  42  10  N. 

Preston,  a  town  in  New-London 
CO.  Conne«$licut,  6  or  8  miles  call  of 
Norwich,  from  which  it  is  divided  by 
Shetucket  river.  The  townflup  was 
incorporated  in  1687,  and  contains 
3,455  inhabitants,  who  are  chiefly  farm- 
ers. Here  are  two  Congregational 
churches,  and  a  fociety  of  Separatifts. 

•pREsuMscuT,  a  fmall  river  of  Cum- 
berland CO.  Diftri<5l  of  Maine,  which  is 
fed  by  Stbacook  Lake,  and  empties  into 
Calco  Bay,  caft  of  Portland.  See  Caf- 
CO  Bay. 

Prince  Edward,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia,  between  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the 
tide-waters.  It  contains  8,100  inhabit- 
ants, including  3,986  flaves.  The  acad- 
emy in  this  county  has  been  ere(5led  in« 
to  a  college  by  the  name  f»t  "  Hamp- 
den Sydney  College."  The  court- 
houfe,  at  which  a  poft-ofHcc  is  kept,  is 
a8  miles  from  Cumberland  covirt-houfe, 
50  from  Lyndiburg,  and  358  from  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

PrlnceEdward's  TJcs.  See  IVaJ/j- 
ingion's  I/let, 

Prince  Frederick,  a  parilJi  in 
Georgetown  dift.i^'t,  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 8,i.r?  inhabitants  ;  of  whom 
3,418  arc  whites,  and  4,68^  flaves.  It 
ftnds  4  rcpiefentatives  and  one  fenator 
to  the  State  legiflatiire. 

Prince  Frederick,  the  chieltown 


VVLX 

of  Calvert  co.  Maryland  ;  3  miles  foutJ*- 
erly  of  Huntingtown,  and  6  nonh-ealt- 
erly  of  Benediif,  by  the  road  to  Mack- 
all's  ferry. 

Pr  I N  c  E  Geor  G  E,  a  parifh  of  George- 
town diftriifl,  S.  Carolina,  containinj; 
II, 76*  inhabitants;  of  whom5,o;,i  are 
whites,  and  6,651  flaves.  It  fends  j 
reprefentatives  and  one  fenator  to  the 
State  legiflature. 

Prince  George,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  N.by James  river,wliich 
wafhes  it  abviut  2S  miles.  The  medi- 
um breadth  is  16  miles.  It  cont>uiiS 
8173  Inhabitmts,  including  45 19  flaves ; 
of  this  number  laoo  are  refidents  in 
Blandford.  There  are  5  Epifcopal 
churches  in  the  county,  one  meeting 
for  Friends,  and  feveral  Methodilt 
meetings,  i'he  Baptifts  have  uccafional 
meetings,  and  to  this  fe(5t  the  negroes 
fcem  particularly  attached.  It  is  a  fruit- 
ful country,  and  abounds  with  wheat, 
corn,  flax,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  Cot- 
ton here  is  an  annual  plant ;  and  in 
fummer,  moft  of  the  inhabitants  appear 
in  outer  garments  of  their  own  manufac- 
ture. The  timber  confifts  of  oaks  of 
various  kinds,  and  of  a  good  quality, 
fufficient  to  build  a  formidable  navy, 
andvithin  a  convenient  diflance  of  nav- 
igation. It  has  a:ll  the  different  ipecies 
known  in  the  eaftern  States,  and  others 
which  do  not  grow  there.  Here  is  al- 
fo  abundance  of  wild  grapes,  flowering 
flirubs,  farfaparilla,  fnake-root,  andgin- 
feng.  Apples  are  inferior  in  fpirit  and 
tafte  to  thofe  in  the  eaftern  States ;  but 
peaches  have  a  flavour  unknown  in  thofe 
States.  The  almond  and  fig  will  grow 
here  in  the  open  air,  if  attended  to. 
Immenfe  quantities  of  pork  and  bacon 
are  cured  here,  and  indeed  form  the 
principal  food  of  the  inhabitants.  Veal 
is  excellent ;  mutton  indifferent :  poul- 
try of  every  kind  in  perfe<5lion  and  in 
abundance.  The  winters  are  fhort  and 
generally  plcafant ;  and  the  country 
cannot  be  confidered  as  unhealthy. 

Prince  George,  a  county  of  Ma- 
ryland, on  the  wcftern  fhore  of  Chefa- 
peak  Bay,  fituated  between  Patowmac 
and  Patuxent  rivers,  and  is  watered  by 
numerous  creeks  which  empty  into 
thofe  rivers.  The  eaftern  corner  of  the 
territory  of  Columbia,  borders  upon  the 
weft  part  of  this  county.  It  contains 
21,^44  inhabitants,  of  whom  11,176 
are  flaves. 

Prince  op  W-ii-us,  Cape,  is  remark- 
able 


Ml 


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I   ■     1 


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m 


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P  R  I 


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able  for  being  the  moft  wefterly  point 
of  the  continent  of  N.  America,  and  the 
eaftern  limit  of  Behring's  Straits,  be- 
tween Afia  and  America  ;  the  two  con- 
tinents being  here  only  about  39  miles 
apart.  The  mid  channel  has  a8  fath- 
oms water.  N.  lat.  6j  46,  W.  long. 
168  r^. 

PRiNcfe  Of  Walks,  Fertf  in  New 
iJorth  Wales,  N.  America,  a  fai?tory 
Jwlonging  to  the  Britifli  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company,  on  Churchill  river*  The 
mean  heat  here  is  187 

Lead  heat     — 45 
Greateft  heat    85 
It  lies  in  lat.  58  47  30  N.  and  long.  94 
7  so  W. 

Prince  or  Wales  Ijland,  in  the  S- 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  about  20  leagues  long, 
and  W.  10  S.  diftant  48  leagues  from 
Otaheite,  or  King  George's  Iiland.    S 


Jat.  ij,  and  W.  long.  151  53  at  the  W. 
end.  The  variation  of  the  needle  in 
J 766,  was  5  30  E. 

Prince  Rupert's  Bay,  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  one 
of  the  Caribbee  Iflands,  where  there  is 
excellent  flicker  from  the  winds.  It  is 
deep,  capacious  and  fandy,  and  is  the 
principal  bay  in  the  ifland.  It  is  of 
great  advantage  in  time  of  a  war  with 
I'Yance,  as  a  fleet  may  here  intercept 
all  their  Weft:-India  trside.  On  this  bay 
isfituated  the  new  town  of  Portfmouth, 
K.  of  which  is  a  cape  called  Prince  Ru- 
pert's Head. 

Prince's  Bay,  on  the S.  fide  of  Sta- 
ten  Ifland,  in  New-York  State. 

Princess  Anne,  a  maritime  county 
of  Virginia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  W.  by  Norfolk  co.  It  con- 
tains 7,793  inhabitants,  of  whom  3,2o» 
are  flavcs. 

Princess  Ann,  a  pofl:-town  of  Ma- 
ryland, on  the  eaftern  ftiore  of  Chefa- 
peak  bay.  In  Someriet  co.  on  the  E,  (ida 
wf  i\Ionokin  river,  80  miles  S.  E.  of  Bal- 
timore, and  178  S.  oy  W<  of  Philadel- 
phia.   It  contains  about  200  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  a  townfhip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  in  Worcefter  co.  15  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Worcefter,  and  5  a  W.  by  N. 
or  Bofton.  The  townlhip  contains 
19,000  acres  of  elevated  hilly,  but 
ftrong,  and  rich  land,  adapted  to  grafs 
and  grain.  Excellent  beef,  butter  and 
cheele,  are  its  principal  produftions. 
The  manfion-houle  and  larm  of  his 
Honor  Lieut.  Governor  Gill,  one  of  the 
noil  elegant  iituations,  and  linultiarms 


In  the  Commonwealth,  is  in  this  town^ 
and  adds  much  to  its  ornament  an4 
wealth.  A  handfome  Congregational 
church  has  lately  been  erected,  on  a 
high  hill,  and  commands  a  moft  exten- 
five  and  rich  profpedb  of  the  furround- 
ing  country.  Wachufett  Mountain,  tlie 
moft  notecl  in  the  State,  is  in  the  north 
part  of  the  townfhip.  Here,  as  in  ma- 
ny other  towns,  is  a  valuable  focial  li- 
brary. Princeton  was  incorporated  in 
1759,  ^^^  contains  loiA  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
Jerfey,  fituated  partly  in  Middlefex, 
and  partly  in  Somerfet  counties.  Naf- 
fau  Hall  College,  an  inftitution  which 
has  produced  a  great  number  of  emi- 
nent  fcholars,  is  very  pleafantly  fituated 
io  the  compadl  part  of  this  town.  Here 
are  about  80  dwelling-houfcs,  and  a 
brick  Preft)yterian  church.  The  col- 
lege edifice  is  a  handfome  ftone  build- 
ing, of  180  feet  by  54,  four  ftories  high, 
and  ftands  on  an  elevated  and  heaUh- 
ful  fpot,  and  commands  an  extcnlive 
and  delightful  profpeft.  The  eftablilh- 
nient,  in  1796,  confifted  of  a  prcfident, 
who  is  alfo  profeflbr  of  moral  philofo- 
phy,  theology,  natural  and  revealed; 
hiltory,  and  eloquence ;  a  profeflbr  of 
mathematics,  natural  philofophy,  and 
aftronomy  ;  a  profeflbr  of  chymiftry, 
which  fubjeft  is  treated  in  reference  to 
agriculture  and  manufa^ures,  as  well  as 
medicine  :  befides  thefe,  two  tutors 
have  the  inftrudiori  of  tlie  two  lowelt 
clafl'es.  The  choiceof  the  claflical books, 
and  the  arrangement  of  the  feveral 
branches  of  education,  of  the  leflures, 
and  of  other  literary  exercifes,  are  fuch, 
as  to  give  the  ftudents  the  beft  oppor- 
tunity  for  improvement,  in  the  whole 
Encyclopedia  of  fcience.  The  number 
of  ftudents  is  from  70  to  90,  befides  the 
grammar  fchool.  The  annual  income  of 
the  college  at  prefent,  by  the  fees  of  the 
ftudents,  and  otherwife,  is  about  jCiooo 
currency  a  year.  It  lias,  befides,  funds 
in  pofTefllon,  through  the  extraordinary 
liberality  of  Mr.  James  Leflie,  of  New- 
York,  and  Mrs.  Efther  Richards,  of 
Rahway,  to  the  amount  of  10,000  dolls. 
for  the  education  of  poor  and  pious 
youth  for  the  miniftry  of  the  golpe! ; 
and  the  reverfion  of  an  eftate  in  Piiila- 
delphia  for  the  fame  purpofe,  of  between 
200  and  ;C3oo  per  annum,  a  legacy  of 
the  late  Mr.  Hugh  Hodge,  a  man  of  emi- 
nent piety,  which  is  to  come  to  tlie  col- 
lege at  the  death  of  a  very  worthy  and 

aged 


In  this  tovm* 
arnamcnt  an4 
Congregational 
eredted,  on  a 
I  a  raoft  exten- 
■  the  fiirround- 
;  Mountain,  the 
is  in  the  north 
lerc,  as  in  ma- 
uable  fecial  !i- 
incorporated  in 
)  inhabitants, 
town  of  New- 
in  Middlefex, 
counties.  Naf- 
iltitution  which 
number  of  emi- 
leafantly  fituated 
this  town.  Here 
r-houfes,  and  a 
urch.  The  col- 
)meftone  build- 
four  ftories  high, 
rated  and  health- 
nds  an  extenhve 
t  The  eftabhlh- 
ed  of  a  prefident, 
jf  moral  philofo- 
al  and  revealed; 
ce ;  a  profeffor  oi 
philofophy,  and 
for  of  chymiftry, 
::d  in  reference  to 
faftures,  as  well  as 
thcfe,  two  tutors 
,f  tlie  two  loweft 
the  clafllcal  books,  , 
,t  of  the  feveral  I 
n,  of  the  leflures, 
exercifes,  are  fuch, 
Its  thebeftoppor- 
cnt,  in  the  whole 
nee.  The  number 
6  to  90,  befides  the 
le  annual  income  ot 

;,  by  the  fees  of  the 
ife,  is  about  £1000 
;  lifas,  befides,  funds 
\  the  extraordinary 
nesLenie,  ofNew- 
Iher  Richards,  ot 
unt  of  10,000  dolls. 
)f  poor  and  p«ous 
ilry  0^  the  golpd ; 
■  an  eftate  in  Plula- 
purpofe,  of  between 
mnura,  a  legacy  ot 
lodge,  a  man  ot  emi- 
■^tocometotliccol- 

a  very  worthy  and 
aged 


PRO 

ised  Wiclow.  The  college  library  was 
^oft  wholly  deftroyed  during  the  late 
war :  but  out  of  the  remains  of  that, 
«nd  by  the  liberal  donations  of  feveral 
gentlemen,  chiefly  in  Scotland,  it  has 
colledled  one  of  about  3,300  volumes. 
There  are  befides  this,  in  the  college, 
two  libraries  belonging  to  the  two  lite- 
rary focieties,  into  which  the  ftudents 
have  arranged  themfelves,  of  about  1,000 
volumes ;  and  the  library  of  the  prefi- 
dent, confifling  of  i,ooo  volumes  more, 
is  always  open  to  the  ftudents.  Before 
the  war,  this  college  was  furniflied  with 
a  philofophical  apparatus,  worth  ^^500, 
Which  (except  the  elegant  orrery  con- 
ftnidled  by  Mr.  Rittenhoufe)  was  almoft 
entirely  deftroyed  by  the  Bntilli  army  in 
tlie  late  war.  Princeton  is  12  miles  N. 
E.  of  Trenton,  18  S.  W.  of  Brunfwick, 
5i  S.  W.  of  New-York,  and  4*  N.  E. 
of  Philadelphia.    N.  lat.  40  a*  la,  W. 

long.  74  34  4J.       ,    „       „  c 

Princeton,  a  fmall  poft-town  ot 
N.  Carolina,  3  miles  from  Murfreebo- 
rough,  35  from  Halifax,  and  419  from 
Philadelphia. 

Prince  William,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  W.  by  Faquier,  and  E. 
by  Patowmac  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Maryland.  It  contains  11,615  in- 
habitants, of  whom  4>704  are  ilaves. 

Prince  William,  a parifh  in  Beau- 
fort diftrift,  S.  Carolina. 

Prince  William's  6'9«»r/, fituated 
on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  lies 
eaftward  of  the  mouth  of  Cook's  river. 
At  its  moutji  are  tliree  illands,  Monta- 
gue, Rofe,  and  Kay.  It  was  judged  by 
Captain  Cook  to  occupy  a  degree  and 
a  half  of  latitude,  and  two  of  longitude, 
exclufively  of  its  arms  and  branches, 
which  were  not  explored.  ,    _    - 

Pro.    See  Poini  le  Pro.     '"  ■ 

Prospect;  Frankfort,  in  the  Diftri(a: 
of  Maine  is  now  lb  called.  It  adjoins 
Buckfton  on  Penobfcot  river,  and  is  16 
miles  below  Orrington. 

Prospect  Harbour^  on  the  S.  coaft 
of  Nova- Scotia,  has  Cape  Sambro  and 
Kland  eaflward,  and  is  a  leagues  N.  E. 
of  St.  Margaret's  Bay. 

P.ROTECTWORTH,  a  townfhip  in  the 
northern  part  of  Chefhire  co.  New- 
Hampfliire.  It  was  incorporated  in 
X769,  and  contains  210  inhabitants. 

pROViDENeB,  a  river  which  falls 

into  Narraganfet  bay  on  the  W.  fide  of 

Rhode-lllicnd.     It   rifes    by    feveval 

branches,  part  of  which  come  from 

Tt 


PRO 

MalTachufetts.  It  is  navigable  as  far  as 
Providence  for  Ihips  of  900  tons,  30 
miles  from  the  fea.  It  affords  fine  fifli, 
oyfters  and  iobfters. 

Providence,  a  county  of  Rhode- 
Ifland  State,  bounded  by  Mafiachufotta 
N.  and  E.  Connedicut  W.  and  Kent 
CO.  on  the  fouth.  It  contains  9  town- 
fhips,  and  24,391  inhabitants,  including 
8a  flaves.  Its  chief  town  is  Providence, 
and  the  town  of  Scituate  is  famous  for 
its  excellent  cannon  foundcry. 

Providence,  the  chief  town  of  the 
above  county,  fituated  30  miles  N.by  W. 
4  W.  from  Newport,  and  35  from  the 
lea  ;  feated  at  the  head  of  navigation  of 
Narraganfet  Bay,  or.  both  fides  of  Prov- 
uknce  river,  the  two  parts  of  the  town 
being  connefted  by  a  bridge  160  feet 
long  and  aa  wide.  It  is  the  oldoft  town 
in  the  State,  having  been  fettled  by 
Roger  Williams  and  his  company  in 
1636  ;  and  lies  in  lat.  41  40  N.  and 
long.  71  a3  W.  44  miles  S,  by  \\.  of 
Bolton,  and  291  north-eaft  of  Philadel- 
phia. Ships  of  almoft  any  fize  fail  up 
and  down  the  channel,  which  is  marked 
out  by  ftukes,  erciSed  at  points  of  fhoals 
and  beds  lying  in  the  river,  fo  that  a 
ftranger  may  come  up  to  the  town  with- 
out a  pilot.  A  fhip  of  9  50  tons,  for  the 
Eaft-India  trade,  was  lately  built  in  this 
town,  and  fitted  for  fea.    In  1 764,  there 


were  belonging  to  the  county  of  Prov 
idence   54  fail     ^       -"  • 


of 


4,3ao  tons.    In 


vefTels,  containing 
1790,  there  were  129 


vefFels,  containing  11,944  tons.  This 
town  fu£Fered  much  by  the  Indian  war 
of  1675,  when  a  number  of  its  inhabit- 
ants removed  to  Rhode-Ifland  for  fhel- 
ter._  In  the  late  war,  the  cafe  was  rc- 
yerled  ;  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  that 
ifland  renioved  to  Providence.  The 
public  buildings  are  an  elegant  mceting- 
houfe  for  Baptifts,  80  feet  fquare,  with 
a  lofty  and  beautiful  fteeple,  and  a  large 
bell  call  at  the  Hope  Furnace  in  Scituate; 
a  meeting-houfe  for  Friends  or  Quakers ; 
3  for  Congregationalifts,  one  of  which, 
lately  erected,  is  the  moft  elegant  per- 
haps in  the  United  States ;  an  Epifcopul 
church ;  a  handfome  court -houfe,  70 
feet  by  40,  in  which  is  dcpofited  a  libra- 
ry for  the  ufe  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  and  country  ;  a  woik-houfe  ;  a 
market-houfe,  80  rcet  long  and  40  wide, 
and  a  brick  fchool-houfe,  in  which  4 
fchools  are  kept.  Rhode-Ifland  college 
is  eftablilhed  at  Providence.  The  ele- 
gant biulding  ereiited  for  its  acconnn-i- 

dadoB, 


i^'i. 


m 


'm 


•  i '  t      i 


II    • 


dation,  is  fituated  on  a  hill  to  the  eaft  of 
me  town  ;  and  while  its  elevated  litua- 
tion  renders  it  delightful,  by  command- 
ing an  extcnfivc,  variegated  prolpcifk, 
itTuiniflies  it  with  a  pure, faliibrious  air. 
The  edifice  ia  of  bnck,  4  ftories  high, 
150  feet  long,  and  46  wide,-witli  a  pro- 
Je£lion  of  10  feet  each  (ide.  It  has  48 
rooms  for  ftudents,  and  9  larger  ones 
for  public  ufts.  The  roof  is  flated.  It 
IB  a  flourifhing  feminary,  and  contains 
upwards  of  60  ftudents.  It  has  a  libra- 
ry containing  between  a  and  30C0  vol- 
umes, and  a  valuable  philofopnical  ap- 
paratus. The  houlcs  in  this  town  arc 
generally  built  of  wood,  though  there 
are  fomc  brick  buildings  which  are 
large  and  elegant.  At  a  convenient  dif- 
tance  from  the  town,  an  hofpital  for  the 
fniall-pox  and  other  difeafes  has  been 
ereded.  There  are  two  fpermaceti 
works,  a  number  of  diftilleries,  fugar- 
lioufes,  and  other  manufactories.  Sev- 
eral forts  were  eredted  in  and  near  the 
town  during  the  war,  which,  however, 
are  not  kept  in  repair.  It  has  an  exten- 
live  trade  with  Maflkchufetts,  Connec- 
Vcut,  and  part  of  Vermont ;  with  the 
Weft-Indies,  with  Europe,  and  lately 
with  the  Eaft-Indies  and  China.  A 
bank  has  alfo  been  eftablifhed  here,  and 
a  cotton  manufatStory,  which  employs 
loo  hands ;  with  which  is  connected  a 
mill  for  Ipinning  cotton,  on  tlv  model 
of  Sir  R.  Arkwnght's  mill.  It  .  rent- 
ed at  Pawtucket  Falls,  in  North-Provi- 
dence, and  is  the  firft  of  the  kind  built 
in  America.  The  exports  for  one  year, 
ending  Sept.  30, 1704,  amounted  to  the 
Ta'ue  of  643,373  dollHrs.  It  contains 
6,380  inhabicants,  including  48  flaves. 

Providence,  AV//',  a  townfhip  of 
Rhode-Ifland,  in  Providence  co.  nortli 
of  the  town  of  Providence ;  foutli  of 
Smithfield,  and  leparated  from  the  State 
of  Maflachufetts  on  the  eaft  by  Pawtuck- 
et river.  It  contains  10  71  iiihabitants, 
including  5  flaves. 

Prov I D (•  N c E,  a  towr.diip  of  New- 
York,  lituatedin  Saratoga  county,  taken 
from  Galway,  and  incorporated  m  1 796. 

Providence,  U/^per  and  Lonvcr, 
to^vnfhips  in  Leiaware  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Providence,  ii  townffiip  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pennfylvania.     • 

Pro  viD  E  N  c  E,  one  of  the  Bahama  Ifl- 
ands,  and  tJie  facond  in  fize  of  thofc  fo 
called  ;  being  about  36  miles  in  length 
and  16  in  breadth.  N.  lat.  34  .^8,  VV. 
king,  at  its  eaft  part  77  ai.'  ft  vv'as  for- 


r  R  If 

mcrly  called  jihco,  and  is  frcquefitif 
named  New  ProviJuKc.  Chief  tpwPt 
NalTau. 

pRoviD-BNCE,  an  uninhabited  i(Ian4 
on  tl)«  coaft  of  Honduras,  1 1  miles  lonu 
and  4  broad.  It  has  a  fertile  foil, 
wlwlcfome  air,  and  plenty  of  water ; 
and  might  be  eafily  fortified.  It  is  fep- 
aratcd  irom  the  continent  by  a  narro\/ 
channel.  Here  are  neither  lerpents  nor 
venomous  reptiles.  N.  lat.  13  46,  W. 
long.  80  45. 

Province,  in  iflanci  5r  Delaware! 
river,  6  miles  I)elow  Philadelphia.  It 
is  joined  to  the  main  land  by  u  dam. 

Province-Town  is  iituatcd  on  the 
hook  of  Cape  Cod,  in  Barnftable  co. 
M;iflachufetts,  3  miles  north-weft  of 
Race  Point,  Its  harbour,  which  is  one 
of  the  beft  in  the  State,  opens  to  the 
fouthward,  and  has  depth  of  water  for 
any  (hips.  This  was  the  firft  port  en- 
tered by  the  Englilh  when  they  came 
to  Uttle  in  New-England,  in  i6ao.  It 
has  been  in  a  tl>riving  and  decaying^ 
ftate  many  times.  It  is  now  riling,  and 
contains  454  inhabitants;  whofe fole  de- 
peridence  is  upon  the  cod-fiihery,  in 
which  they  emp!  '  ao  fail,  great  and 
fmall.  Ten  of  ihcir  veflels,  in  1790, 
took  1 1,000  quintals  of  cod-fiih.  They 
are  fo  expert  and  fuccefsful  tliat  they 
have  not  loft  a  veflisl  or  a  man  in  the 
bulinefs,  fince  the  w.ir.  The  houies,  in 
number  about  90,  ftand  on  the  inner 
iide  of  the  cape,  fron^ng  the  fouth-eaft. 
They  are  one  ftory  ign,  and  fet  up  on 
piles,  that  the  drivirg  fands  may  pals 
under  them  ;  otherwiie  they  would  be 
buried  in  fand.  They  raife  not^uijj 
from  their  lands,  but  are  wholly  depend- 
ent on  Bofton,  and  the  towns  m  the:  vi- 
cinity, for  every  vegetable  production. 
There  are  but  a  hones  and  %  yokes  of 
oxen  kept  in  the  town.  They  have  a- 
bout  50  cows  which  feed  in  the  fpring 
upon  beach  e,'afs,  which  grows  at  inter- 
vals upon  the  fhore ;  and  in  fummer 
they  feed  in  the  funken  ponds  and 
marfliy  place*  that  are  found  between 
the  fand-hills.  Here  th<  cov/5  ?rc  feen 
wading,  and  even  fwLmn  Jng,  p'ungirg 
their  heads  into  the  watc<-  iip  lO  their 
horns,  picking  a  fcanty  fubti^icr.ce  from 
the  roots  and  herbs,  produced  in  the 
\yatcr.  They  are  i'cd  m  Ae  winter  on 
ledge,  cut  from  the  flats. 

pRUCRHos,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Spain,  in  the  South  Sea. 

Prudence,  a  fmaJl  ifland,  nearly  aj 

iargc 


,  ib  frcqueittlf 
Chici  towp, 

ihabited  i(lan4 
1, 1 1  miles  long 

a  fertile  foiW 
;nty  of  wiiter ; 
ficd.  Itisfep- 
nt  by  a  narrov/ 
ler  ierpents  nor 

lat.  13  a6,  W. 

iti  ;r  Delaware 
hiladelphia.    It 
id  by  a  dam. 
\  litiiatcd  on  the 
I  Barnftable  co. 
}  north-weft  ot 
lur,  which  is  one 
tc,  opens  to  the 
pth  of  water  for 
the  firft  port  en- 
whcn  they  came 
ind»  in  i6ao.  _  It 
ig  and  decaying 
s  now  rifing,  and 
ts;whofefolede- 
e  cod-fi(hery,  in 

0  fail,  great  and 
veflels,  ia  i79f» 

)fcod-fiih.  They 
ccefsfu\  tlut  they 

01  a  man  in  the 
r.  Thehoufcs,ia 
and  on  the  inner 
ing  the  fouth-ealt. 
igh,  and  let  up  on 
gfands  may  pats 
lie  they  would  he 
ley  raife  not^uijj 
ire  wholly  depend- 
le  towns  m  thi  vi- 
etable  production, 
fes  and  a  yokes  of 
m.    They  have  a- 

fccd  in  the  fprtng 
lich  grows  at  inter- 
;  and  in  fummet 
iinken  ponds  and 
are  'bu!id  bet\yeen 
:  tht  cows  ?re  feen 
k'imnang,  p'vmKlr.g 
watC'-  up  io  tneir 
ity  fubli::ter.ce  from 
i,  produced  in  the 
;d  m  the  winter  on 
flats.  f 

pe  on  the  coaft  oi 
outh  Sea. 

lall  ifland,  nearly  as 
large 


ft!  fi 

Vftf^t:  ii  Canfcnnicm,  and  lies  N.  of  it,  m 
Uarraganfct  Ray.  It  belongs  to  the 
town  of  Portfmoiith,  in  Newport  co. 
Rhode-inand.  The  north  end  is  near- 
ly oppodte  to  Briftol  oh  the  call  fide  of 
tiJfc  bay. 

PuAN,  or  Greeft  Biiy,  has  comnxmi- 
cation  eaftward  with  Lale  Michigan  ; 
which  fee,  alfo  Green  Bay. 

PufeiLA  ^F.  LOS  Angelos, the pref- 
ent  capital  of  the  province  of  Tlalcala, 
or  Los  Angelos.    See  Angelos. 

PuEf  uoNutvo,  ori\Wu/3^u«,  at  the 
tottom  of  the  gulf  of  Dolce,  on  the  W. 
<oaft  of  Mexico.  It  is  7  leagues  N.  by 
W.  of  Baia  Honda,  or  Deep  Bay.  The 
ifland  of  this  name  tsoppofite  the  town 
knd  mouth  of  the  ri\-er  of  its  name,  in 
the  bottom  of  Frefh  Water  bay,  in  lat. 
about  8  50  N.  and  long.  83  a8  W. 

Puerto,  the  Italian  name  for  port. 
Namcis  of  this  defcription,  ac*  ':  by 
<he  Sjjaniards,  will  be  found  una .  .-'j? 
or  horto. 

Puna,  an  ifland  near  the  bay  of  C uy- 
it|uil,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  about  i  z  or 
14  leagues  long  from  E.  to  W..  and  4  or 
5  broad.  There  is  an  Indian  town  of  the 
nrtie  name,  on  its  fouth  fide,  having 
iboiit  «o  houfes,  and  a  fmall  church. 
The  houfes  all  ftand  onpofts  10  or  iz 
feet  high,  with  .ladders  on  the  outfide 
to  go  up  to  them.  From  the  ifland  San- 
ta Clara  in  the  bay  of  Guyaquil  to  the 
weftcrnrnoft  point  cf  the  ifland,  called 
Panta  Arena,  is  7  leagues  E.  N.  E.  S. 
ht.  3  I?,  W.  long.  816. 

Pun  JO  Bay^  in  Euft-Florida.  See 
Chatham  Bajf. 

■  PuNTA  Fort,  one  0?  the  large  batte- 
^iei  or  cafUes,  and  the  fecond  in  order, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  hr.  l^our  of  the  Ha- 
vannah,  in  die  ifland  0  Cuba.  It  is  al- 
fo  callvid  Mefa  de  Maru,  or  the  Virgin 
Mary's  Table. 

Pun  TA,  and  Punta  Brava,  to^vns 
of  Mexico.  See  Angchs. 

PuNTA  DB  Pedras,  a  cape  on  the 
north-weftern  extremity  of  the  peninfu- 
]a  of  Yucatan,  in  New  Spain. 

PuNTA  EsPADA,  the  S.  E.  point  of 
th?  ifland  of  St.  Domingo ;  65  leagues, 
following  the  turnincs  of  the  coaft,  eaft- 
ward of  Nifiio,  and  16  leagues  from 
Cape  Raphael.  The  fouth-eaftern  part 
of  the  ifland  confifts  chiefly  of  oxten- 
five,  rich  plains. 

PuNTA  Gorda,  a  peninfula  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  S.  E. 
6f  Ifle  dc  Pinos,  90  wefl  of  the  gulf 


CL"U  A 

df  Xagua,  and  70  eaft  of  Bohta  fim 
Corlcs. 

PuNTA  Negrillo,  the  weftcrn 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Purification,  a  town  of  Ncv*- 
Mcxico,  14  leagiies  from  the  weft  coaft, 
and  ni.'untains.aiifliery  near  the  lowlands 
ofChamctla. 

PuRYSBUKG,a  handfome  town  of 
S.  Carolina,  fituated  in  Beaufort  diftrid, 
on  the  cafliern  fide  of  Savannah  river, 
H7  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  20  from 
the  town  of  Savannah.  It  contnins  be- 
tween 40  and  50  dwelling-houles,  and 
an  Epilcopal  church.  It  took  its  name 
from  John  Peter  Pury,  a  Swifs  who  fet- 
tled a  colony  of  his  countrymen  here 
about  the  year  1733,  witli  a  view  to  the 
cidture  of  filk.  The  mulberry^tree* 
arc  yet  ftanding,  and  fome  attention  is 
ftiJl  paid  to  the  making  of  filk. 

Put  A  WAT  AMES,  or  Pcutvof amies  ^ 
Indians  whr  iviabit  between  St.  Jo- 
fep^  's  and  D.troit,  and  can  furnifh  a- 
bout  500  warriors.  There  are  tw9 
tribes  of  this  name,  the  one  of  the  riv- 
er of  St.  Jofcph,  and  the  other  of  Hu- 
ron. They  were  lately  hoftile ;  but 
at  the  treaty  of  GreenviHe,  Aiiguft  3, 
1795,  they  ceded  lands  w  the  United 
States ;  who  in  return  paid  thcni  a  fum 
in  hand,  and  engaged  to  pay  them  ia 
goods  to  the  value  of  1000  dollars  a 
yftr  forever. 

Putney,  a  tliriving  town  in  Wind- 
ham  CO.  Vermont,  on  tlic  weft  fide  of 
Connedicut_  river,  fouth  of  Weftmia- 
fter.    Inhabitants  1848.  .. 


QUADRAS  IJIcj,  on  tTie  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lie  between 
Pint  .-d's  Sound  and  the  Straits  de  Fuca. 
Nootka  Sound  lies  among  thefe  iflands. 
In  1792,  two  Spanifli  fchooners,  and  his 
Britannic  majefty's  fliip  Difcovery,  and 
brigantinc  Chatham,  pafli;d  through  this 
channel ;  hut  the  former  firft ;  hence 
Capt.  Inc  ham  called  tlic  ifles  by  the 
nam 0  of  till    'paniflx  commander. 

QuAMPE.  A N  Fa/A,  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  on  Newichwanock  river, 
wiiich  joins  P'  ataqua  river  10  miles 
from  the  fea.  The  natives  give  the 
Falls  this  name,  i.  caufe  fifli  were  there 
taken  with  nets.  At  thefe  falls  are  a 
fct  of  faw  and  otl  '  mills  ;  and  a 
landing  place,  where  ^    at  quantities  of 

lumber 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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lumber  is  rafted  on  fcows.  Here  the 
river  his  the  Englifh  name  of  Salmon 
Falls  river,  from  the  plepty  of  falmon 
there  caught.  In  the  memory  of  peo- 
ple who  nved  50  years  ago,  thefe  fifh 
were  fo  plenty  as  to  be  ftruck  with 
fpears  on  the  rocks :  but  none  now  ilive 
remember  to  have  ieen  any  there.  The 
iaw-mills  where  the  dam  croffes  the 
ftream  arc  the  fure  deftrucftion  of  that 
fpecies  of  fifh.  Tom-cod,  or  froft-fifti, 
fmelts  and  alewives  abound  here.  The 
place  called  Salmon  Falls  is  covered 
with  ufeful  mills.  Above  thefe  we 
meet  with  the  Great  Falls,  where  faw- 
inills  are  continued  to  great  advantage. 
On  many  places  from  Qnampegan  to 
the  pond!,  from  whence  it  iflues,  are 
mills  for  boards  and  corn. 

Quaker  Town,  in  Buck's  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  lies  45  miles  N.  W.  of  New- 
town, and  33  N.N.  W,  cf  Philadelphia. 

(^UAREQUA,  a  place  lituated  in  the 
Gull  of  Darien;  Here  Vafques  Nunez 
met  with  a  colony  of  negroes ;  but  how 
they  had  arrived  in  that  region,  or  how 
long  they  had  reCded  in  it,  are  not  re- 
corded by  the  Spaniih  hiftorians. 

Quebec,  the  capital,  not  only  of 
Lower  Canada,  but  of  all  Britilh 
America,  is  lituated  at  the  confluence 
of  the  livers  St.  Lawrence  and  St. 
Charles,  or  the  Little  river,  about  380 
miles  from  the  fea.  It  is  h  ilt  on  a  rock, 
which  is  partly  of  marble  and  partly  of 
llate.  The  town  is  divided  into  Up^er 
and  Lo<wer.  Near  it  is  a  fine  lead  mme. 
This  city  contained  in  the  year  1784, 
647  a  innabi;ants.  At  the  time  when 
the  city  was  founded,  in  1608,  the  tide, 
it  is  faid,  reached  the  foot  of  the  rock ; 
but  (ince  that  time  the  river  has  funk 
fo  tar,  that  a  large  fpot  of  ground  is  left 
dry,  and  on  this  a  large  fuburb  is  built, 
which  is  llyled  the  Loiuer  Tonun,  which 
ftands  at  the  foot  of  a  rocky  precipice, 
about  48  feet  high.  The  houfes  in  the 
lower  town,  (as  alfo  thofe  in  i\\t  Upper) 
are  of  ftonc,  rtrong,  and  well  built,  and 
chiefly  inhabited  by  nierchants,  being 
con  ;:niently  near  tlitir  builnefs.  The 
fortifications  are  extenfive  but  irregular. 
The  natural  fituation  of  the  town  ren- 
ders its  defence  eafy.  If  attacked  by 
flilps  from  tlie  river,  their  guns  cannot 
injure  the  works  of  the  upper  town, 
though  the  fliips  themfelves  would  he 
liable  to  great  injury  from  the  cannon 
and  bombs  frcJm  thefe  elevated  ram- 
piirts.    The  lo\  er  town  is  ckfended  by 


a  platform  flanked  with  twa  bafticof* 

which  at  high  water  and  fpring  tides 
are  almoft  level  with  the  furface  of  dbe 
water.  A  litde  above  the  ba(tioD,  to  the 
right,  is  a  half  baftion,  cut  out  of  tl^e 
rock;  a  little  higher  a  large  batteryj 
and  higlier.  ftill  a  fquare  fort,  the  moft 
regular  of  all  the  fortifications,  and  ia 
which  the  Governor  refides.  Vhe.pat 
fages  which  form  a  cQmmunic?u>n  be- 
tween thefe  works  are  e;^emely  rug- 
ged. The  rock  which  ifcparates  ths 
upper  from  tlie  lower  town,  extends, 
with  a  bold  and  fteep  front,  a  confider- 
able  diilance  weflward,  along  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.  The  lower  town  is  well 
fupplied  with  water,  which  is  fometiraea 
fcarce  in  the  upper  town.  This  city 
was  belieged  by  the  Britifh  in  i7ix» 
without  fuccefs  ;  but  was  taken  by 
them,  in  September,  1739,  when  the 
brave  Gen.  Wolf,  who  commanded  the 
army  of  befiegers,  loft  his  life.  In  De- 
cember, 1 7 75,  it  was  attacked  by  the 
Americans  under  the  command  of  the 
brave  General  Montgomery,  who  wa» 
(lain,  and  his  army  repulfed.  N.  lat.  46 
48  39,  W.  long.  71  la  6;    - 

Q]bEBCHV,ariver  of  Vermont,  which 
empties  into  Conne^icut  river  at  Hart* 
land. 

QyEEN  Anne,  a  fmall  town  of 
Prince  George  co.  Maryland,  fituated 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Patuxent  rivej,  acrof* 
which  a  wooden  bridge  is  built.  The 
town  is  fmall,  but  is  kid  out  in  a  regular 
plan,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill.  Here  arc 
a  few  ftores  and  two  ware-houfes  for 
the  infpedtion  of  tobacco.  It  is  about 
a»  miles  E.  N*  E.of  the  city  of  Wa(h- 
ington,  13  S.  W.  of  Annapolis,  and  39 
S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Queen  Anne's,  a  co.  of  Maryland, 
bounded  wellerly  by  Chefapeak  Bay, 
and  N.  by  Kent  co.  It  contains  ^StA^i 
inhabitants,  including  6,674  flayes. 
Chief  town,  Ccnterville.  Keflt  Ifland 
belongs  to  this  county  ;  14  miles  in 
length,  from  N.to  S.  and  6^  in  breadUi, 
from  E.  to  W-  It  is  low,  but  fertile 
land,  and  its  caftern  fide  is  bordered 
with  fait  marfli. 

Queen  Charlotte's  yiandi,  on  the  Ni 
W.  coail  of  N,  America,  extend  from 
lat.  51  42,  to  54  18  N.  and  from  long. 
^^^  j4  to  153  18  W.  from  Greenwich. 
They  are  nanied  Wajhwgton  Ijlis  by 
American  navigators. 

Queen's,  the  middle  county  of  Lon|fi 
Iflwd,  New- York,    Lloyd's  Neck,  <a 

Queew'ii 


(^Meh'tf  Villagct  and  the  iflailds  called 
the  Two  Brothers  and  Hallett's  Iflands, 
are  included  in  this  county.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  it  broad,  and  con- 
tains 6  townmips,  and  16,014  inhabit- 
ants,' including  4,309  flaves.  Jamaica, 
Newtown,  Hampftead,  in  which  is  a 
handfome  court-houfe,  and  Oyfter  Bay, 
are  the  principal  towns  in  this  county. 
The  county  court-houfe  is  8  miles  from 
Jamaica,  10  from  Jericho,  and  20  from 
New-York. 

Queen's,  a  county  of  Nova-Scotia, 
comprehending  a  part  of  the  lands  on 
the  cape,  on  me  S.  fide  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy.  The  fettlements  are  as  follows : 
Argyle,  on  the  fouth  Ode  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  where  a  few  Scotch  and  Aca- 
dians  refide  ;  next  to  this,  is  Yarmouth, 
fettled  chiefly  by  emigrants  from  New- 
England;  Barrringtcn,  within  the  iO- 
and  called  Cape  Sable,  fettled  original- 
ly by  Quakers  from  Nantucket.  Be- 
udes  theie  are  Port  Raifoir,  fo  called  by 
the  French,  and  originally  fettled  by 
the  North  Irifh ;  Liverpool  and  Port 
Rofeway,  fettled  and  inhabited  by  emi- 
grants from  New-England. 
^  QuEENSBURY,  a  townfttip  in  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  New-York,  bounded  eafterly 
by  Wefliield  and  Kingfbury,  and  fouth- 
crly  by  Albany  county.  It  contains 
j,o8o  inhabitants,  of  whom  laz  are 
eledors. 

QuEBNSTOWN,  in  Queen  Ann's  CO. 
Maryland,  a  fmall  town  on  the  eaftem 
fide  of  Chefter  river,  6  miles  fouth-weft 
of  Centerville,  and  nearly  ao  £.  of  An- 
wpolis. 

QyEENSTOWN.in  Upper  Canada,  lies 
on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Straits  of  Niaga^ 
ra,  near  Fort  Niagara,  and  9  miles  a- 
bove  the  fallst 

QVESNE,  Fort  du.  See  Pitt/burgh. 
.  QjiiBBLETOWN,  a  village  in  Middle- 
fex  CO,  New-Jcrf^y,  6  mDes  north  of 
New-Brunfwick, 

Qui  BO,  an  ifland  in  the  mouth  of  the 
b^  of  Panama.  It  is  uninhabited  ;  but 
aSords  wood  and  water  to  ftiipping. 

QutLCA,  a  rich  valley  in  Peru,  on 
which  ftands  the  ancient  city  of  Are- 
quipa.  The  port  of  Quilca  is  in  about 
lat.  t7  8  fouth,  10  leagues  noith-weft 
of  the  froall  river  of  Xuly,  and  6  fron? 
the  volcano  of  Arequipa, 

QjjtLLOTA,  a  ftnall  jurifdiftion  of 
Chill,  in  S.  Ameridh. 

QyiNABAOo,  ariver  formerly  called 
Moicgaa,  which  rifes  ia  Brimfieldj  Maf* 


QJU  I 

fachufetts,  and  is  joined  at  Oxfbrd  h^ 
French  river,  which  has  its  fource  in  Sut- 
ton, Worcefter  co.  It  runs  a  fouth- 
erly  courfe,  and  empties  into  Shetuck- 
et,  about  three  miles  above  Norwich 
Landing,  in  Connedlicut. 

QuiNCY,  a  poft-town  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Norfolk  co.  taken  from  Brain- 
tree,  10  miles  foutherly  of  Bofton,  0 
weft  of  Hingbara,  and  360  north-eaft 
of  Philadelphia.  In  this  town  is  the 
feat  of  the  prefent  Prefident  of  the  Uni- 
ted States.    See  Braintree. 

QuiNEPAUGE,  or  Eaji  River,  in 
Connefticut,  runs  a  foutherly  courfe, 
and  empties  hito  the  north-eaft  corner 
of  New-Haven  harbour. 

QuiNsiGAMOND, /*^<7r(r5/?<'r,or  Long 
Pom,  is  a  beautiful  piece  of  water  in  the 
form  of  a  crefcent,  about  4  miles  in 
length  and  from  60  to  100  rods  broad. 
It  is  (ituated  on  th^  line  between  the 
towns  of  Worcefler  and  Shrevvfbury, 
but  the  greater  part  of  it  is  in  the  latter. 
It  is  inte'rfperfed  wth  a  number  of  ifl- 
ands,  one  of  which  is  upwards  of  300  i.- 
cres  in  extent 

QuisPicHANCHi,  ajurifdiSioninthe 
diocefe  of  Cufco,  and  kingdom  of  Pern, 
beginning  at  the  fouth  gates  of  Quito, 
and  flretching  from  eaft  to  weft  a^out 
ao  leagues.  The  lands  of  this  jurifdic- 
tfon  belong,  in  general,  to  the  gentry  of 
Cufco,  and  produce  plenty  of  wheat, 
maize  and  fruits.  Here  are'alfo  manufac- 
tures of  bai«e  and  coarfe  woollen  fluflfe. 
Part  of  the  jurifdi<5tion  borders  on  the 
forefls  inhabited  by  wild  Indians,  and 
produces  great  quantities  of  coca,  aa 
herb  greatly  ufed  by  the  Indians  work- 
ing in  tlie  mines. 

QuiTAPAHiLLA,  a  brauch  of  the 
Swetara,  which  falls  into  the  Sufque- 
hannah  at  Middleton.  , 

Quito,  a  province  of  Peru,  in  S.  A- 
merica,  having  an  exceeding  temperate 
air,  occafioned  by  its  elevated  (ituation. 
The  plain  of  Quito  may  be  confidered 
as  the  bafe  of  the  Andes,  and  is  higher 
above  the  fea  than  the  top  of  the  Pyre- 
nees in  Europe.  It  is  pretty  well  culti- 
vated, and  the  towns  and  villages  are 
populoiis}  and  the  northern  parts  a- 
bound  with  gold.  The  province  is  a- 
bout  4Q0  miles  long  and  200  broad.  Its 
chief  towns  arc  Quito  and  Payta. 

Quito,  chief  town  in  the  above  prov- 
ince,  is  next  to  Lima  in  population,  if 
not  fuperior  to  it.  Some  authors  fay  it 
contiuns  35,000  inhabitants.    It  is  an 

inland 


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K  AI 

friind  dty,  and  havine  no  mtnes  in  its 
•eighbourhood,  is  chicny  famous  for  its 
inanuta^nres  of  cotton,  wool,  and  flax, 
which  fupply  the  kingdom  of  Peru. 
£oath  lat.  o  ii,  weft  long.  77  50.  It 
was  fwallowed  up  by  an  earthquake, 
April  14,  1755,  and  has  been  rebaik. 
QuivA,  a  province  of  California, 
thinly  inhabited,  and  but  little  known. 
:'.  QvixostH  diltriift  of  PerUf  in  South- 
America. 


Xy  ABY,affflalltownftupofN.Hanip- 
JX.  fhire,  in  Hillft>orough  co.  about  65 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portlmouth,  and  47 
K.  W.  of  BoftoD.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1760,  and  contains  ^^S  inhabitants. 

Race,  Capei  the  S.E.  point  of  New- 
foundland Ifland,  in  the  N.  Atlantic  O- 
cean,  4  leaguesfouth  of  Oape  Ballard.  N. 
lat.  46  43,  W.  long,  ja  49.  The  Vir- 
gin Rocics,  much  dreaded  by  mariners, 
are  about  20  leagues  to  the  S.  £.  of 
Cape  Race. 

Race  /*<?/«/,  the  north-weftem  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Cod,  MafTachufetts,  a 
league  N.  W.  of  ProvincetowQ.  When 
within  a  mile  of  this  point,  with  a  fair 
wind  and  tide  of  flood,  your  courfe  to 
Bofton  is  N.  W.  by  W.  diflance  15 
leagues.  A  number  of  huts  are  erected 
here  on  the  loofe  fands  by  thofe  who 
come  from  Prorincetown  to  filhi  m 
boats. 

Radkok*  a  fmall  pleafant  town  of 
I>elawarc  co.  Pennfylvania.  This  placiri 
was  originally  called  AnifieU  by  the 
Dutch,  who  began  to  build  here. 

Radnor,  a  town  of  S.  Carolinil,  10 
miles  S.  W.  of  Edmondfbury,  and  34 
J^.E.  ofPuryfburg. 

^AGGtv  Ha/-tourt  on  the  eafl!  coall 
of  Newfoundland,  is  a  part  of  CataRna 
Bay.  Many  craggy  rocks  lie  about  the 
Entrance  of  it,  both  within  and  without  j 
fb  that  it  is  very  dangerous  to  cnKr.  It 
}ft  2  leagues  northward  of  Cataiina  hai*- 
bour.  There  is  good  water  at  the  head 
of  the  harbour. 

Raimond,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  fide 
ef  the  fonth  r"'ninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo ;  a  leagues  wi'.ft  of  Point 
Bay  net  artd  11  weft  of  Cape  Mare- 
(Chaux.  It  has  the  cove  Petite  Anf?  on 
t)ie  eaft,  and  that  of  Brefiliere  oa  dte 
weft. 
K&iHY  yiand  River t  a  fmall  river  of 


»**'*-W.^* 


%K1^ 

Ihe'tCW.'fert-itory}  having  a  WBttfi* 
weft  courfe,  aAd  empties  mJo  Illinoil 
rivei",  about  half  way  between  the  Littl« 
Rocks  and  lUinbis  Lake,  and  255  tttiles 
from  the  Miffifipjii.  It  is  15  yards  widei 
and  is  navigable  9  miles  to  the  rocks. 

Rainy,  orLo^j-  tah,\\e^i  eaft  of  thft 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  weft  of  Lake 
Superior.  It  is  faid  to  be  nearly  10* 
miles  long,  and  ift  fld  part  abova  ao 
rhiles  Wide. 

Raleigh,  the  prefent  feiat  of  gov. 
ernnlent  of  N.  Carolin*  ;  fituited  in 
Wake  CO.  abOut  10  miles  from  Wake 
cburt-houfe.  In  Decembet,  1791,  the 
general  alTembly  Of  the  State  appropri- 
ated ;C  10,000  towal-ds  erecting  public 
buildings,  and  tiaWed  it  after  the  cele- 
brated  Sir  Waltei'  Raleigh,  Under  whole 
direftion  the  firft  fettleiiientih  N.  Ame- 
rica was  made  at  RoahOke  Ifland,  in 
Albermarle  Sound.  The  ftate-houfe, 
a  large  handfotne  building,  has  been 
lately  finiftied,  and  coft  /  6,000.  Sever- 
al other  buildings  have  been  ere<3cd, 
and  a  number  of  dWelling-houfes.  The 
fituation  is  healthy.  Its  remotcncfs 
from  navigation  is  the  greateft  difad» 
vanuge.  It  is  di  flhiles  north  by  eaft 
of  Fayetteville,  I47  from  P6ter(bufg  irt 
Virginia,  and  44S  fouth-weft  of  Phiia* 
delphia.  . 

Ram  ADA,  a  maritime  town  of  Ora- 
nada,  in  S.  America.  Near  it  is  a  cop- 
per mine.  N.  lat.  it  id,  W.  long.  7220. 

Ramsay's  AT////,  in  N.  CaroNna, 
are  fituated  at  thi  confluence  of  Deep, 
with  the  north-weft  braffich  of  Cape  Peaf 
river ;  about  35  miles  fouth-wefterly  of 
Hillfborough,  ttii  is  S.  E.  of  Gufld- 
fbrd  court-hOufe. 

Ran  At,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands. 
in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  notth  of 
"tahooroWa,  aiid  north-'Weft  df  MoS^ec 
:  and  Owhyhee.  It  has  about  24,006  in. 
haWuntS.  It  AbOuhd^  with  yams, 
fweet  poutoes,  and  taro,  but  has  few 
plantains  ofbi^ead-fValt  ttees. 

R  A  N  c  H  E I  It  A ,  a  toiiv^  of  Ter ra  Firma, 
!  in  the  province  of  Ne^^"  Granada.    N. 
lat.  II  34,  W.  long.  71. 

Ranckei^o,  a  frhatl  ifland  on  th^ 
coaft  of  New  MieXico,  in  lat.  7  14  N, 
It  is  near  the  ifland  of  Quibo,  and  af- 
fords timber  fit  for  mtafts. 

Ran  DOLFH,atown(hip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts, formed  of  the  fouth  precinft  of 
Brairitree,  in  Norfolk  co.  in  the  year 
179?.    It  is  lA  miles  fouth  by  eaft  of 

Boftoa. 

Randolfh, 


ttg  a  tiBrth* 
hto  Illipoii 
sn  the  Littlft 
d  255  tftilei 
yards  v/idci 
jie  rocks, 
stfaftofthfe 
^eft  of  Lake 
neiirly  lo* 
,rt  ab6v6  ao 

feat  of  gov- 

fituited  in 

from  Wake 
jt,  1791,  th* 
ate  appropri- 
ealng  public 
ifter  the  cele- 
,  vlnder  \rhoie 
ntihN.Ame- 
,ke  Ifland,  in 
s  ftate-houft> 
ng,  has  been 
6,ooo.  ScT^r- 
been  eredled, 
■houfes.    Th-S 
its  remotencfs 
greateft  difad» 

Aorth  by  <iaft 

P6ter{burg  irt 
weft  ofPnila* 

town  of  Ora- 

[ear  it  is  a  cop- 
T.  long.  7»  ao. 
N.  Carolina, 
.aaceofDeep, 
:hrfCape?eaf 
ith-wefterly  of 
E.  of  Guid- 

Ldwich  Iflands. 
pean,  notth  of 
/eft  (SfMoSifrec 
_  a4,6otf  in« 
with  yams, 
but  has  few 
bees. 

If  Terra  Firma, 
[Cranada.    N. 

[ifland  on  thi 
in  lat.  7  t4  N. 
iQuibo,  and  if- 

Ip  of  Maffachu- 
Juth  precin£tof 
|o.  in  the  year 
futh  bV  «aK  o» 

UNDOLFH, 


X/^NQOLfM,  a  county  of  Hillll^ 
fough  diitri(^,  N.  Carohna»  bounded 
north-eaA  by  Orange,  and  north-weft 
|y  GiuldforcL  It  contains  7»17&  mhabit- 
ants*  iiw:kdiog  45  a  flaves.  Its  court- 
fcoute  i9  585  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

&ANPULFH,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north  by  Monongalia,  and 
jbuth  by  Pendleton.  It  contains  9s  ^ 
ilnhabitants,  including  i«  flaves.  Cheat 
river,  the  eaftern  branch  of  Mononga- 
hela  river  riies  here,  on  tlie  north-weft 
lide  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Randolph,  a  townfhip  in  Orange 
«o.  Vermont,  the  fourth  town  weft  of 
Thetford  on  Connefticut  river*  It 
contains  89a  inhabitants. 

Random,  a  townfhip  in  Effex  do, 
Vermont,  weft  of  Bfunfwick,  granted 
IP  1780. 

Raphael,  a fertife  and  healthy  cau- 
ton,  or  diftrid,  the  wefternmoft  in  the 
$paoilh  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
Its  boundary  to  the  north  is  formed  in 
part  of  the  French  pariftx  of  Gonaives. 
The  air  round  St.  Raphael  is  very  cool 
and  falubtious,  but  the  town  which  is 
in  a  hollow,  is  very  hot.  It  has  a  little 
garrifon  which  ferved  as  a  check  on 
ihe  fmuggling  trade  with  the  French. 
Atalaye,  (that  is  the  centmel  or  difcov- 
ery)  the  wefternmoft  town  of  all  the 
Spaniih  colony,  is  ai  leagues  S.  W.  of 
the  town  of  St.  Raphael,  both  which 
parifiies  are  annexed  to  Hinche.  The 
town  of  St.  Raphael  is  10  leagues  fouth- 
etly  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7a  N.  W. 
^iSu  Dpmingo  city,  as  the  road  runs. 

Kaphaei.,  C^/)^  St.  at  the  eaft  end 
of  the  ifland  of  St  J  Domingo,  is  the  fouth- 
caft  limit  of  Samana  Bay,  7^  leagues  dis- 
tant in  that  direiftio^  from  Cape  Samana 
or  Cape  Rezon,  which  laft  is  (ituated  in 
lat.  19  15  40N.  and  long.  71  33  30  W. 
from  Paris.  From  Cape  Raphael,  or 
Cape  of  the  Round  Mountain,  to  Punta 
£fpada»  the  ib uth-eaft  point  of  the  ifl- 
and, the  country  is  level  16  leagues,  by 
a  breadth  nearly  equal. 

Raphoe,  atownlhip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Rft  .  i  Anfit  a  finall  river  of  Virgin- 
13)  which  joins  the  Rappaliannock,about 

10  miles  above  Frederickiburg. 
Rapid  River,  a  water  ot  Hudfon's 

Bav. 
KAPd>AffANNOCK,  a  large  navigable 

river  of  Virginia,  which  rifcs  in  the  Blue 

Ridae,  and  runs  about  1^0  miles  from 

north-weft  to  ibuth-eaft,  and  eaters  into 


v.f?; 


it 


HAW 

Chefapeak  Bay  between  Windmill  atJ<f 
Stingray  points.  It  waters  the  towni^ 
of  Falmouth,  Fredericklburg,  Port  Roy- 
al, Leeds,  Tappahannock  and  Urbanna, 
It  afFords  4  fathoms  water  to  Hobbs's 
Hole,  and  a  from  thence  to  Frederickf- 
bury;,  SIC  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  19^ 
li  league  from  Gwin's  Iflands^  and  6 
northward  of  New  Point  Comfort,  A 
I  fingle  lump  of  gold  ore  has  been  found 
near  the  falls  ot  this  river^  which  yield- 
ed 17  dwt.  of  gold,  of  extraordinarY 
dudility.  No  other  indication  of  gola 
has  been  difcovered  in  its  neighbour- 
'  hood. 

RaJpo  Rappo,  a  bay  in  the  ifland  ot 
\  Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  IflaodSir 
Rariton  River,  in  New-Jerfey,  i* 
formed  by  a  conliderable  ftreams,  callecf; 
the  N.  and  S.  branches  >  the  fource  of 
the  one  is  in  Morris  eo.  that  of  the  other' 
in  Hunterdon  co.  It  pafl'es  6y  ]ftrun& 
wick  and  Amboy,  and  mingling  witSy 
the  waters  of  the  Arthur  Kull  Sound,^ 
helps  to  fwm  the  fine  harbour  c^  Am- 
boy. At  Rariton  Hills,  through  whicli? 
this  river  pail'es,is  a  fmall  cafcaae,  whero 
the  water  falls  15  or  ao  feet,  very  ro-' 
mantically  between  two  rocks.  Oppo- 
lite  to  Brunfwick,  the  river  is  fo  Ihal* 
low,  that  it  is  fordable  at  low  water  for 
horlesand  carriages  ;  bat  a  little  below 
it  deepens  fo  faft,  that  a  20  gun  (hip 
may  ride  fecurely  at  any  time  of  tide^ 
The  tide  rifes  fo  high,  that  large  ftial- 
lops  ufed  to  pafs  a  mile  above  the  ford  f 
fo  that  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  to  fee 
vefTels  of  confiderable  burtlien  riding  at 
anchor,  and  a  number  of  large  river  craf4 
lying  above,  fome  dry,  and  others  oa 
their  beam-ends  for  want  of  water,  with- 
in gun  ftiot  of  each  other.  Copper  01  e 
has  been  found  on  the  upper  part  of 
this  river  ;  and  in  the  year  1754,  tlie 
ore  of  tliis  mine  ibid  for  £(>^  fterling 
per  ton,  being  of  inferior-quality  to  that 
on  Paflaik  river. 

Rariton,  a  town  fituated between 
the  mouth  of  the  north  branch  of  the 
above  river,  and  Boundbrook,  5  miles 
weft-north-wcft  of  Boundbrook,  and  1% 
north-weft  of  Brunfwick. 

Rattle-Snake  I/lauds  lie  at  the 
wcftem  end  of  Lake  Erie. 

Rawbon,  atown  of  No*  -_"cotia,.4:o 
miles  from  Halifax,  conuining  about 
50  or  60  houfes. 

Rawa  Y,  or  Bridgetown,  a  lively  com- 
mercial village  of  Middlefex  co.  New- 
Jerfey,  on  Kaway  river,  4  or  5  miles 

fouth-weft 


I     •' 


,    ,  .i. 


l\ 


I 


..I 


Jt  A  Y 


RE  A 


fintth-weft  of  £Uzabeth»Town,  and  jk 
Sxoxa  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  Prel- 
hyteriam  church,  and  ^out  50  or  60 
boufcs. 

Raymond,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp- 
imre, in  Rockingham co.  xt  ori4  niiles 
vrefterly  of  Exeter,  and  3»  from  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1764, 
and  contains  717  inhabitants. 

Raymond,  or  Raytnondtnun,  a  fet- 
tlement  in  Cumberland  co.  Diftrid  of 
Maine,  i4»  mi<  .'s  N.N.  E.  of  Bofton, 
and  contains  .^45  inhabitants.  A  ftream 
from  Songo  Pond,  after  paffing  through 
part  of  Greenland,  Waterford  and  Ottd- 
seld,  fails  into  the  north-eafterly  part 
<)f  Sebago  lake  in  this  fettleraent.  The 
land  is  generally  level,  except  one  large 
hill,  named  Rattlefnake  Hill,  from  its  a> 
bounding  with  thefe  reptiles.  Here  are 
ibme  fwells  of  good  land,  but  the  great- 
er part  of  the  growth  is  pine  and  white- 
oak,  and  the  land  is  hard  to  fubdue. 

Raynham,  a  townfhip  of  Maflachu- 
ietts,  in  Briftol  co.  taken  from  Taunton, 
and  incorporated  in  1 73 1.  It  contains 
ao94  inhabitants.  A  confiderable  part 
gf  the  town  lies  upon  a  circular  bend  of 
Taunton  river,  wnich  is  between  7  and 
8  rods  wide,  and  aifords  great  plenty  of 
herrings  and  otlier  fifli,  but  fo  unfavour- 
able is  it,  in  this  place,  to  icining  or  iifh- 
ing,  that  the  cxclufivc  privilege  of  filh- 
ing  is  annually  fold  for  lefs  than  twelve 
fhulings  ;  whilft  the  fame  privilege, 
in  Bridgewater  and  Middleborough, 
(towns  which  bound  this ;  the  former 
on  the  eaft,  the  latter  on  the  north)  is 
annually  fold  tor  jCa5o.    Befides  the 

Sreat  nver,  tliere  are  feveral  ufeful 
reams,  upon  which  are  6  faw-mills,  3 
grift-niills,  i  furnace,  a  forge,  and  ful- 
^  ng-mill.  There  are  numerous  ponds 
10  wis  townfhip,  of  which  Nippaniquit 
or  Nippahonfet  is  2  miles  long,  and  one 
in  breadth.  Here  alewives,  in  millions, 
annually  refort  and  leave  their  fpawns. 
An  excellent  kind  of  iron  ore,  and  va- 
nous  kinds  of  fifh  are  found  here.  Be- 
fides the  ufual  bufinefs  u.  'ifbandry  and 
inechanics,  numbers  are  hcie  employed 
in  the  manufactories  of  bar-iron,  hollow 
vare,  nails,  iron  for  veflels,  iron  {hov- 
els, pot-afh,  fhingles,  &c.  The  firft 
fbrge  fet  up  in  America  was  introduced 
into  this  town  by  James  and  Henry 
Leonard,  natives  of  England,  in  1653. 
Tliis  forge  was  (ituated  on  the  great 
load,  and  is  ftill  in  employ  by  the  fam- 
ily of  Leonards  of  the  6U)  gtmuatioo ; 


a  family  remarkable  for  longcfitv,  p\A» 
motion  to  public  ofRce,  and  a  Kina  of 
herediury  attachment  to  the  iron  man- 
ufa&ure.  King  Philip's  hunting-houfe 
itood  on  the  northern  fide  of  Fowling 
Ptmdt  which  is  li  miles  from  the  forge. 
In  the  winter  feafon  the  Indian  monarch 
refided  at  Mount  Hope,  probably  lor 
the  benefit  of  fifh.  Philip  and  the 
Leonards  li"ed  en  fuch  good  terms,  and 
fuch  was  Philip's  friendlhip  and  gene* 
rofity,  that,  as  ioon  as  the  war  broke  out 
in  1675,  which  ended  in  the  death  of 
the  king  and  the  ruin  of  his  tribe,  he 
gave  out  ftrift  orders  to  all  his  Indians, 
never  to  hurt  the  Leonards.  Before 
Philip's  war,  Fcw/ing  Pond  was  two 
miles  long,  and'fths  of  a  mile  wide. 
Now,  the  water  is  almoft  gone,  and  the 
large  traft  it  once  covered,  is  grown  up 
to  a  thick  fet  fwamp  of  cedar  and  pine. 
The  foil  of  this  pond  has  alfo  a  prolific 
vittue  in  generating  ore.  Copious  beds 
of  ore,  in  this  part  of  the  country,  are 
ufually  found  m  the  neighbourhood  of 
pine  fwamptf,  or  near  to  foils  natural 
to  the  growth  of  pine  or  cedar.  In  this 
place  there  has  been  almoft  an  'inex- 
hauftible  fund  of  excellent  ore,  from 
which  the  forge  has  been  fupplied  and 
kept  going  for  more  than  80  years,  be- 
fides great  quantities  carried  to  other 
works,  and  yet  here  is  ore  ftill.  Though , 
like  other  things  in  a  ftate  of  youdi,  it 
is  weak  and  incapable  of  being  wrought 
into  iron  of  the  beft  quality. 

Razoir,  Port,  at  the  S.  W.  extrem- 
ity of  the  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  and  K, 
E.  of  Cape  Negro. 

Razor  I/land  is  4  leagues  S.  of  the 
mouth  of  Rio  Janeiro  Bay,  or  Santa  Cruz 
Point,  on  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  S. 
America. 

Rsadfibld,  a  townfhip  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diftridl  of  Maine,  8  miles  from  Hal- 
lowell,  which  bounds  it  on  the  £.  and 
the  eaftern  branch  of  Androfcoggia 
river  feparates  it  from  Sterling  on  tne 
W.  It  is  N.  of  Winthrop,  and  was 
joined  with  it  in  the  enumeration  of 
1790.    It  is  190  miles  N.  £.  of  Bofton. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  of  Connecticut, 
Fairfield  co.  S.  of  Danbury,  adjoining. 

Reading,  a  large  townfhip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  14  miles 
N.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1644,  and  contains  1803  inhabitants. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Windfor  co.  W.  of  Windfoi',  adjoining. 
It  contains  747  inhabitants. 

Rkadinc, 


4l£C 

,  ittADiNO,  a  polttotra,  tnd  tiie  cap* 
tctl  of  Berk's  co.  Penafylvania  ;  fitit* 
«ted  on  the  N.  E.  Me  of  Schuylkill  riv- 
'ir.  40  miles  S.  W.  of  Bethlehem^  38  £. 
ct  Lebanon,  (where  the  canal  com- 
£iences  which  joins  the  waters  of  the 
$wetara  Creek  with  thofe  of  Schuylkill 
riverj  and  54  N.  Wi  of  Philadelphia.  It 
is  a  nouri/hing  town>  regularly  laid  out, 
Und  inhabited  chiefly  by  Oermans*  It 
contains  about  600  houKS.  The  public 
buildings  are  a  (lone  gaoi^-  a  court-houfe, 
an  elegant  church  for  Oerman  Luther- 
ans, erefted  in  1793,  a  church  for  Cal- 
▼inifts,  '>re  for  Roman  Catholics,  a 
niectiBg-houfe  for  Friends,  and  a  large 
edifice  for  the  public  offices.  In  the 
vicinity  of  the  town  is  a  remarkable 
Ibring,  100  feet  fquare^  and  140  feet 
<[eep,  with  a  Itream  iffuing  from  it  fuf- 
£cient  to  turn  a  mill.  The  Water  is 
clear  and  tranfparent,  and  affords  abun. 
dance  of  fifh.  In  the  neighbourhood  are 
10  fulling-niills  and  feveral  iron-works. 
In  the  whole  county  of  Berk's  are  5  far- 
oaces,  and  as  many  forgesw  In  Novem- 
^'*  *795»  /C"»ooo  was  roted  by  the 
county  for  building  a  ftone  arched 
biidge  over  the  Schuylkill  at  this  town, 
On  the  high  road  to  Hanilburg^  ^'3 
miles  dif^ant  to  the  weft  b^  foufh.. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  in  York  co* 
Pennfylrania. 

Readingtowv,  or  RiJdenttrvfif  in 
Hunterdon  co.  New-Jerfey,  17  miles  N. 
W.  by  W.  of  New-Brunlwicky  and  a- 
bout  XI  eaftward  of  Lebanon* 

Kgad's  Bay,  a  road  for  fhips  in  the 
ifland  of  Barbwdoes,  abf>ut  half  way  be- 
tween Hole-Town  and  Speigiit's-Town. 
It  is  aboat  half  a  mile  OTer^lint  more  in 
depth.  Ships  may  anchor  here  in  fafety, 
TO from6  to  r  j fatlioms  wafcr,the ground 
foft  ooze,  and  defended  from  all  winds, 
-except  the  W.  which  blows  rigl:'  into 
ihc  bay.    N.  lat.  tj  7,  Wv  long.  59  47. 

KfcALEGO,  a  town  in  the  province 
*f  Nicaragua,  N«w  Spsan  j  fituated  on 
«  plain,  OD  the  caftern  bank  of  a  river 
«t  its  nami^  near  its  mouthy  30  miles  N. 
W.  of  LjEon,  to  which  it  ferves  as  a  har- 
TOur.  It  has  3  churches,  and  an  hofpit- 
al,  iurroundied  by  a  very  fine  garden ; 
but  the  place  it  fickly,  by  reafon  of  the 
iieighboHinog  fwamps.  Its  chief  trade 
Mio  pitch,,  ur,  and  cordage.  N.lat. 
«  X7tVf.long.9y  i^. 

RBCEifya  oamoar  oh  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  and  is  the  i^rongeft  place  on  all 
ihat  coaft.  ^.laui  u>r  W.loog.  35  it. 
Vv 


.  IfCOVtaT,  ftrt,  in  the  19.  W,  *i(L 
mof y,  M  fituated  on  a  branch  of  tW 
Wabafh'mer,  about  13  miles  fton 
Oreenvdle,  atid  08  N.  by  W.  of  Ciaw 
cinnati.  It  coniifts  of  two  bicek'hooie* 
and  barracks  with  curtains,  andecAi- 
uins  60  tMOi 

_  Re0,  a  river  of  the  State  of  tennef- 
lee,  a  water  of  Cvmberbnd  river,  with 
which  it  mingles  ita  waters  at  the  north 
bend,  about  a  miles  N.  W.  of  Claikf- 
ville.  It  is  beatable  a  confidcrabie  dif. 
tance* 

REtf,  a  principal  branch  of  Kentucky 
river,  which  heads  and  interlocks  with 
a  main  branch  of  Licking  river,  and 
flows,  in  a  S^W.  courfe,  into  Kentucky 
river,  about  9  miles  above  Booofbor- 
ongh.    It  is  60  yards  wide  at  the  mouths 

Red,  a  weflern  branch  of  MifRfippi 
river,  in  lat.  31  N.  Here,  it  is  ikid, 
Ferdinando  de  Soto  died,  at  a  place 
called  Guacoyi,  May  ai,  154a.  Sec 
Rouge  Rk'fri 

Red  Bank,  on  Ac  S.  E.  fide  of  Dela- 
\(rare  river,  in  the  town  of  Woodbury, 
in  Gloucerter  co.  New-Jerfey.  The 
fituation  is  elevated,  and  the  fort  built 
here  during  the  war,  flood  1900  yards 
from  Fort  Ifiand, and  about  7  miles  ibuth 
of  Philadelphia*  It  coil  the  Britifh- 
400  men^  killed  and  wounded,  before 
they  could  reduce  the  garrilbn  in  1777. 

Red  tJook,  in  Dutchefs  co.  New- 
York,  where  a  poft-ofSce  is  kept,  is  oft 
the  eaft  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  ai  milea 
S.  of  Hudfon,and  116  N.  of  New-Yorkj 

Re  DOM  DO,  a  rock  between  Montfcr- 
rat  and  Nevis,  Caribbee  Iflands.  It  i» 
about  a  league  in  circuit,  of  a  round 
form,  where  is  neither  culture  nor  in- 
habitants.  N.  lat.  176,  W.  long.  61  35. 

Rerdsborough,  or  Reaajporoughy 
the  ibuth-eafternniofl  towolhip  of  Ben- 
nington CO.  Vermontv  k  contains  64 
inhabitants. 

Reedy  Ijandt  in  Delaware  river,  50 
miles  below  Philadelphia^  it  is  10  milesf 
from  Bombay  Hook,  and  is  the  rtndez- 
vous  of  outward  bound  fhips  in^autuma 
and  fpring,  waitirfg  for  a  favonrabl* 
wind.'  I'he  courfe  from  this  to  the  ieai 
is  S.  S.  E.  f(p  chat  a  N.  W.  wind,  which 
is  the  prevailing  wind  irt  thftfe  fciifuns,  if 
liiff  for  vefiels  to  put  out  to  fea.  Tber* 
is  a  fccure  haibour  here,  at  Port  Penn,: 
where  piers  have  been  eredcd  by  the 
State  of  Penniylvania.  The  iflaod  \$ 
about  3  miles  loogi,  and  not  more  thanr 
(»«>f«iwth  of  a^  mite  wido.    It  was  f u»« 


W 

r 

1        ■    .,  ' 

'-.i 

\ 

X'-' 


I  i 


iiUi 


ilill! 


ItEN 

4Mrly  bknked  in,  bat  it  now  and«r  cultio 
iiRttioOf  and  is  overflowed  in  high  tides. 
There-is  a  channel  on  each  fide  of  the 
•ifland ;  but  veflels,  efpecially  large  ones, 
choofe  to  keep  the  eaftern  fide. . 
'  Kk£lfoot,  a  fmail  navigable  river  of 
the  State  of  Tenneflee,  which  empties 
Into  the  river  Miffifippi,  about  3  ?  miles 
fouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  30  yards  wide 
7  miles  from  its  mouth.  One  of  its 
•branches  rifes  on  the  borders  of  Ken- 
tacky. 

Reemstown,  or  ReamJIonun^  a  fmall 
lown  of  ];>ancafter  co,  Pennsylvania  ; 
fituated  on  a  ftream  which  empties  into 
Calico  Creek,  a  water  of  Coneftoga, 
which  ^Is  into  the  Sufquciannab.  It 
contains  about  40  houies,  and  is  16  miles 
N.  £.  of  Lancafter,  and  6>  N.  W.  by 
N.  of  Philadelphia^ 

Regolets,  the  name  of  the  pafiage 
from  the  nor^cnvpart  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  into  Lake  Pontchartrain,  which 
has  communication,  through  Maurepas 
Ii.ake  and'  the  Gut  of  Ibberville,  with 
Miflifippi  river ;  or  the  general  name 
of  the  illes  in  the  inner  part  of  the  chan- 
nel into  that  lake.  The  diftance  from 
Lake  Pontchartrain  through  the  Rego* 
lets  is  10  miles,  and  between  3  and  400 
yards  broad,  and  lined  with  marOies  on 
«aeh  fide.  On  the  S.  fide  of  the  Kego- 
lets,  and  near  to  the  entrance  from  the 
gulf,  there  is  a  large  pafiage  into  the 
Lake  Borgne,  or  Blind  liakt ;  and  by 
ibme  creeks  that  fall  into  it,  fmall  nan 
may  go  as  far  as  the  plantations  en  the 
•Mimdppi,  and  there  is  a  pafiage  between 
the  Lakes  Borgne  and  Pontchartrain  y 
but  either  by  this,  or  that  of  the  Kego- 
lets,  6  and  lometimes  7  feet  is  the  deep- 
eft  water  dirough .  Near  t2ie  entrance  at 
the  eaft  end  oT  the  Kegolets,  and  on 
the  north  fide,  arc  the  pnncipu  mouths 
Df  Pearl  river.  From  the  Regolets  to 
the  Bay  of  St.  Louis  is  18  miles. 

Rehoboth,  a  townfhip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Briftol  co.  on  a  branch  of  Prov- 
idence river,  a  few  miles  from  Provi- 
jdence,  in  Rhode'Ifland,  and  44  niiles  N. 
i)y  W.  of  Bofton.  It  was  called  Sacon- 
»t  by  the  Indians  ;,  was  incorporated 
in  1645,  ^d  contain^  4,7.10  mhabit- 
«nt>< 

i    RsiSTERSTOWN,  in  Baltimore  co. 
Maryland,  10  miles  fouth-ealt  of  Weft- 
Biinfterr  and  nearly  16  north'-wefterly 
^Baltimore. 

4    Renowe's  Harbour^  on  the  eaftcoafl 
«f  KewfoundJaod  lUand)  i&  about,  aa 


R  H  0 

miles  from  Cape  Race.  lu  entrance  is 
xather  dangerous,  but  it  is  a  good  bati- 
hour  to  fi(h  in ;  and  is  much  frequented 
by  boats  and  (hailops,  in  the  filhing  fea- 
fon.  Half  a  league  from  the  S.  point 
is  a  high  rock,  called  Renowe's  Point ; 
which  may  be  feen,  in  a  clear  day,  3 
leagues  off. 

Uensselaer,  a  county  of  the  Sute 
of  New- York,  bounded  north  by  Waih- 
ington  CO.  foutli  by  Columbia,  eaft  by 
part  of  the  Sutes  of  Mafiachufetts  and 
Vermont,  and  weft  by  Hudfon's  river. 
It  contains  eight  townflups,  viz.  Troy, 
Greenbuih,  Scbodack,  Stcphentown, 
Peterfburg,  Hofick,  Pittftowo,  and 
Schaiftecoke.  In  1796,  there  were 
3500  of  the  inhabiunts  quaKfied  ele«.'l- 
ors. 

REifssELAERViLLE,  or  Retf/eiaer' 
'Kicky  a  townfliip  of  Albany  co.  New- 
York,  bounded  foutherly  by  Columbia 
CO.  and  wefteily  by  Hudfon's  river.  In 
1790,  it  contained  3771  inhabitants  ;  in 
X796,  it  had  548  inhabitants  who  were 
ele<5lors.-  In  this  town,  nearly  oppofite 
to  the  city  of  Albany^  is  a  medicinal 
IprinRr  wnich  combines  moil  of  the 
valuable  properties  of  the  celebrated  wa- 
ters af  Saratoga.. 

Resolution  J7«/,'Or  Madre de  Dlot^ 
ii- under  the  higheft  land  on  the  W.  fide 
of  St.  Chriftina,  one  of  the  Marquefas 
Iflands.   S.  lat.  9-  5  2,  W.  long.  1 3  9  9. 

Resolution,  Cape^  near  the  eaftern 
entrance  of  Hudfon's  Straits.  N.  lat.  6z 
19,  W.  long..  65  16. 

Resolution  IJlandrUt  the  £.  end 
of  Hudfon's  Straits.  N.  lat.  62,  W. 
long.  65. 

Resolution  Ijkndy  a  fmall  idand, 
one  of  the  Society  Illes ;  fo  called  from 
the  fliip  Refolution.  S.  lat.  17  24,  W. 
long.  141  15. 

Revel's  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Oceanr  clofe  to  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Northampton  co.  Virginia. 

Re Y,  CafdfOr  Poutty  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  S.  Amenca,  is  40  leagues  W.  by  N. 
of  Cape  Three  Points,  andjs  N.  by  £. 
of  Bocca  del  Drago. 
.  Rbyes,  An^ra  desy  on  the  S.  £. 
coaft  of  Brazil^  m  S.  America,  lies  weft* 
ward  of  Rio  Janeiro^  and  53  leagues 
weft  of  Cape  Frio.  Itaffords  good  an- 
chorage. 

Rhinsbeck.    See  lUy /tied. 

RtiODfi-ISLAND  is  one  of  the 
iinalleft  of  the  United  Su(es :  its  greats- 
eft  length  being  47.  miles,  and  iu  great* 

efl 


lits.    N.  lat.  6 1 


K^  'breadth  37  ;  or  about  1300  fqvAv 
miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  £.  by  the 
commonwealth  of  Maflachufetts;  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  W.  by  Connec- 
licot.  Thefe  limits  comprehend  what 
is  called  Rhode-^IflatKl  and  Providence 
Plantations!  divided  into  j  counties, 
viz.  Newport,  Providence*  Wafhing(ton, 
Briflol,  and  Kent,  which  are  iiibdivided 
into  30  townAiips,  containing  68^835 
inhabitants,  of  whom  948  are  flavea. 
Karraganfet  Bay  makes  up  from  S.  to 
N.  between  the  main  land  on  the  £. 
and  W.  and  embofoms  many  iercile 
iflands,  the  principal  of  which  are 
Khode-Ifland,  Canonnicut,  frudence, 
Patience,  Hope,  Dyer's,  and  Hog 
Idands.  Dlock-Ifland  is  Uie  foutliern- 
moft  land  belonging  to  the  Stat&  The 
harbours  are  Kewport,  Providenccj 
Wickford,  Patuxet,  Warren,  and  Bri^ 
tol.  Khode-Ifland,  from  which  the 
State  takes  hall'  its  name,  lies  between  lat. 
41  a8,  and  41 42  N.  and  between  long. 

ii  17,  and  71  17  W.  from  Greenwich ; 
eing  about  15  miles  long  from  N.  £. 
to  $.  W<  and  about  ^k  broad,  on  an  av* 
crage.  It  is  divided  into  3  townfhips, 
Newport,  Portfmouth,  and  Middletown, 
Perhaps  no  ifland  in  the  world  exceeds 
this  in  point  of  foil,  climate,  and  litua- 
tion.  In  its  moft  flourilhing  ftate  it  was 
called,  by  travellers,  the  Eden  of  Amer- 
ica. But  the  change,  which  the  rava- 
ges  of  war,  and  a  decteafe  of  bufinefs 
ave  effeded,  is  great.  JJetween  30,000 
and  40,000  (heep  are  fed  on  this  iiland, 
beiides  neat  cattle  and  horfea.  The 
State  is  interfedted  in  all  direiUons  by 
rivers;  the  chief  of  which  are  Provi- 
dence and  Taunton  rivers,  which  faU 
into  Narraganfet  Bay ;  the  fiormcr  on 
the  weft,  the  latter  on  the  caft  fide  of 
Rhode-1  fland.  Rhode-Ifland  is  as  heal- 
thy a  country  as  any  in  America.  The 
winters,  in  the  maritime  part^-of  the 
State  are  milder  than  in  the  inland  coun- 
try \  the  air  being  foftened  by  a  fea  ta- 
pour,  which  alfo  enriches  the  Ibil.  l^e 
fummcrs-are  delightful,  cfpecially  on 
Rhode^flaod,  where  the  extreme  heats 
which  prevail  in  other  parts  of  Ameri- 
ca, arc.  aBayed  by  cool  and  refrefliine 
breezes  from  the  fea.  The  rivers  and 
bays  Iwarm  with  iiih,  to  tlie  amount  of 
morethaiL70  different  kinds ;  the  mar- 
kets are  alive  with  th.em.  Oyfters,  lob- 
fters,  and  other  ihell^iifti  abound  in  Nar- 
nganfet  Bay.  Travellers  are  generally 
agreed,  that  Newport;  is  the  beft  fiftv- 


MMrkcti  lA  the  world.  Thi»  Sutc 
duces  corn,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and  ui 
fame  parte  wheat,  fufiicient  for  home 
confumption ;  and  the  various  kinds  of 
graiTeS)  fruits,  and  culinai^  roots  and 
plants  m  great  abundance,  and  in  uer- 
fedion  I  cyder  is  made  for  exporution. 
The  north-wcftcrn  parts  of  the  State 
are  but  thinly  inhabited,  and  are  mort; 
rocky  and  barren  than  the  other  parts. 
The  tradl  Af  land  lying  between  Nortl^ 
and  South  Kingftown  on  the  eaft,  and 
Conneifticut  on  the  weft,  called  Shan-, 
nock  country,  or  Purchajit  is  excellent 
grazing  land,  and  is  inhabited  by  a  num- 
ber of  wealthy  farmers,  who  r^e  fome 
of  the  fineft  neat  cattle  in  New-£nglan^ 
weighing  from  z6oo  to  1800  weight. 
They  keep  large  daries,  and  makt  but- 
ter,and  cheefe  of  the  beft  quality,  and 
in  large  quantities  for  exportation.  Iron 
ore  is  found  in  great  plenty  in  feveral 
parts  of  the  State.  The  iron -works  on 
Patttxet  river,  x«  miles  from  Providence, 
are  fupplied  with  ore  from  a  bed  4^ 
miles  oiftant,  which  lies  in  a  valley, 
through  whii^h  runs  a  brook.  The 
brook  is  turned  ipto  a  new  channel,  and 
the  ore-pits  ^re  cleared  of  water  by  a 
fteam  engine.  At  this  ore-bed  are  a 
variety  of  ores,  curious  Aones,  and 
ochres.  Iq  the  townlhip  of  Cumberland 
is  a  copper  mine  mixcdwith  iron,  ftrong- 
ly  impregnated  wid)  load-ftone,  of  which 
lome  large  pieces  have  been  found  in 
the  neighbourhood.  No  method  has 
yet  been  difcovered  to  work  it  to  advan- 
tage*. Abundance  of  lime-ftone  is  found 
in  this  State,  particularly  in  the  county 
of  Providence  j  of  which  large  quanti* 
ties  of  lime  are  made  and  exported* 
This  lime-ftone  is  of  different  colours, 
and  is  the  true  marble  of  the  wliite,  plain,! 
aiid  variegated  kind.  It  takes  as  line- 
a  polifh  as  any  ftone  in  America.  Ther^ 
are  feveral  mineral  fprings  in  this  State ; 
to  one  pf'whicfa,  pear  Providence,  ma- 
ny people  refort  to;bathe,  and  drink  the 
water.  ;  Newport  and  Providence  aue 
the  chief  towns  of  this  State.  1'he 
fiave-trade,  which  wasaiottfceof  wealth 
to  many  of  the  peoi^e  of  .Newport,  and 
in  other  riarts  of  the  State,  has  happily 
been  aboiiflied.  The  town  of  Bfiftol 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  to  Afri- 
ca, the  Weft-Indies,  and  to  different 
parts  of  the  United  States.  But  by  far 
the  greateft  part  of  the  commerce  of 
Khodc-Ifland,  is  at  prefent  carried  on  by. 
the  inhabitants  of  the  flouriihiog  town 

of 


h 


1: 1^ 


1  \ 

! 

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^': 

-' 

\  1  t 

A'f 

:■[ 

■       ;        1 

1        *■      ' 

I         ' 

k 

1 

JlH6« 

efVr»«U!eiit«,  Avbiefa  hid,i»  tfyf.  tty 

iail  of  vtfiftfe,  contaiuing  ii»9««  tons. 
11)e  exports  from  the  btate  are  6aaG- 
tecdy  lumber,  *hoif«t,  ciittle>  beef,  pork, 
•ih,  pouUry,  onions,  buttsr,  cheeie,  bar- 
Hy,  grain,^iriu, cotton  and  lioen  goodst 
The  iini^m  Gonfift  of  Europ«»n  and 
VT,  lodift  gloods,  and  logwood  from  ^e 
Bay  of  Honduras.  Upwards  of  6oO  iref- 
fcls ehterand dear annualiy at  the  dif- 
ibrent  porta  in  thu  State.  The  amount 
df  exfHHts  from  this  State  to  foreign 
countrie»,  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30^ 
J79I,  WAS  470,131  dolls.  9  cents ;  in 
Z793i  698,084  ;  in  i?9.3,  616,416  ;  and 
in  i794f  954»J73  dollars.  The  inhab- 
itants oF  this  State  are  progreflingrapidr 
ly  in  manufai^lures.  A  cotton  nianufao* 
tory  has  been  ereAed  at  Providence^ 
Jeans,,  fullians,  denims^  thickfetS;  vel* 
vets,  &c,  &c.  are  here  manufa^lored  and 
i«nt  to  the  foutliern  States.  Large  quan- 
tities of  linen  and  tow  cloth  are  made  ip. 
idifl^reDt  parts  of  this  State  jor  exporta- 
tion.. BHt  the  Rioft  coniiderablf;  manu- 
faAures  in  this  State  are  thofe  of  iron  ; 
fuch  as  bar  and  ihfiet  ifon,  fteel».  nail- 
rcdst  and  nails,  implenients  of  hu{bun> 
dry,  ftovest  pots,  and'  oth'-r  hoitfehold 
iJtenpls,  the  iron  work  of  ihii>ping, 
anchors,  bells,  8cc.  The  conftitution  of 
this  State  h  founded  on  the  charter 
|3;ranted  by  Charles  II.  in  1^3  ;  and  the 
frame  of  government  was  pot  eiTentially 
altered  by  the  reroliition.  The  legifla* 
ture  of  the  State  coniifts  <^  |wo  branch- 
es ;  a  fepats  Or  upper  houfe,  compofed 
ol  ten  members  belldes  the  governor  and 
dwuty^govcrti'T,  called  in  the  charterj 
t^Jianti ;  and  a  hoiife  o^'  reprefenta- 
tnres,  composed  of  deputies  from  the 
Icvcral  towns.  The  members  of  tjie 
Icgiilature  al^  chofen  twice  a  year }  and 
t)iere  are  twO  iWTions  of  this  body  annu- 
ally, viz.  on  the  firft  Wedncfday  ir  Muy, 
and  the  laft  Wednefday  in  Odlober. 
This  State  was  £rft  £mled  from  Mafias 
chufetts.  Mr.  Roger  Williams,.a  min- 
ifter,  who  came  over  to  New.£ngland 
in  1631,  was  charged  with  holding  a 
▼ariety  of  errors,  and  was  on  that  ac- 
count forced  to  leave  his  howlc,  land, 
yiic  and  ohilditn,  at  Sulem,  in  the  dead 
uf  winter,  a4^d  to  feek  a  rehden(:e  with- 
out the  limits  of  MalTachufetts.  Gov. 
Windhrop  adyifed  him  to  purfue  his 
rourfe  to  Nehiganfet,  or  Narraganfet 
Bay,  which  he  did,  and  fixed  himfelf 
^t  Secunk  or  Seekhonk,  now  Rehobetb* 
l^ut  Uut  place  being  withio  the  bcuD49 


ef  Plymouth  colony,  Go?.  Window,  ik 
a  friendly  manner,  advifed  him  to  re* 
move  to  the  other  lide  of  the  river, 
where  the  lands  were  not  covered  by  any 
patent.  Accordingly,  in  16^6,  Mr. 
Williams  and  four  others  eroded  Seek- 
honk river,  and  landed  among  the  IH' 
dians,  by  vfhom  they  were  hufpitably 
received,  and  thus  Uud  the  foundation 
of  a  town,  which,  from  a  fenfe  of  God's 
merciful  providence  to  liim,  he  called 
Ptcvidrncr.  Here  he  was  ibon  after 
joined  by  a  number  of  others,  aod,though 
they  were  fecured  from  the  Indians  by 
the  terror  of  the  Epglilb,  yet  they,  for 
a  coniiderable  time,  iuffered  much  from 
fatigue  and  want ;  bttt-they  enjoyed  lib> 
erty  of  confcience,  which  has  ever  fince 
been  inviolably  maintained  in  this  State. 
So  little  has  the  civil  authority  to  do 
witii  religion  here,  that  no  contiadt  be- 
tween a  niiniftcr  and  a  fociety  (unleft 
incorporated  for  that  purpofe)  is  of  any 
force.  It  is  probably  for  thefe  reafons, 
that  fo  many  different  k&s  have  ever 
been  found  Here  ;  and  that  the  Sabbath 
and  all  religious  inftitutions,  have  been 
more  negkdcd  in  this,  than  in  any  otlu 
er  of  the  New-England  States. 

Rhodi*Isl>and  Light-Houfe  was  e- 
reeled  in  1749,  in  BhCaver  Tail,  at  the 
fouth  end  44  Caaonnicut  Ifland,  for  the 
fafety  and  convenience  of  velTels  fkUioo 
into  the  Narraganfet  Bay  and  harbour  of' 
Newport.  The  grouna  the  light-houl'e 
flands  upon  is  aUiut  ii  ieet  above  the 
furface  of  the  fea  at  high  water,  from 
the  ground  to  the  top  of  the  cornice  is 
53  reet,  round  which  is  a  gallery,  and 
within  that  Hands  the  lantern,  Avhich  is 
about  X I  feet  high,  and  %  feet  diameter, 
High  water  at' full  and  change,  37  min« 
utes  after,  7  o'clock.  N.  lat.  4^  aS, 
W  long.  71  «4. 

Hhode  i<wr,  the  wefternmofV  water 
of  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape  Sear  riv- 
er^ in  NrCaroIinai  •  uj  t:t§  :>it . 

ftHONDE.    Seeitdvn^.      •• '- 

KHVNBECK,or  fLhinebefk,  a  pofl-town 
of  N.  York,  (ituaied  in  Dutchel's  co.  on 
the  E,  fide  of  Hudion's  river,  6ppo{ite 
to  Kingfton  ;  18  miles  nofUi  of  Pough* 
kceplie  ;  103  north  of  JJew-York,  and 
198  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  The 
townfhip  contains  3,66a  inliabitants,  of 
whom  54a  are  eiclftors,  and^ai  flaves. 
It  is  hounded  foutherly  by  Chnton,  and 
northerly  by  lieekman.  A  very  curi- 
ous cavern  has  been  lately  difcovered 
Vt  a  pkce  in  this  town,  called, by  the 

][ndiauS| 


ernmoft  water 
Cape  Sear  riv* 


R  I  C      " 

Jndiam,  Sepafcot.    See  Dutchefi  Coan- 

RiALEXA,  or  Riaieno,  a  town  of 
New  Spain,  {hunted  on  a  finall  river  in 
Nicaragua,  5  miles  i'rom  the  fca,  where 
is  a  good  harbour.  It  is  unwholdbme 
by  reaibn  ofmadhes  in  tJie  vicinity.  It 
is  60  miles  W.  of  Leon,  and  the  Lake 
Nicaragua.  N,  kt.  la  iS*  W.  long. 
89  10. 

Rich,  Cape^  on  the  W.  fide  of  the 
iflund  of  Newfoundland,  towards  the  N. 
tod,  and  in  the  N.  £.  part  of  the  gull  of 
St.  Lawrence,  naving  the  ifle  of  9t. 
John  and  other  fmall  lOes  to  the  north. 
This  cape  or  point  nfed  to  be  omitted 
in  the  French  maps,  feemingly  becaufe 
it  was  the  bounds  of  their  privilege  of 
iilhing,  which  extended  fioni  hence 
northward,  aod  round  to  Cape  Bona- 
fifta. 

RicHAUDsoK'a  Bayt  on  the  S.  £. 
part  of  the  iflaod  of  Jamaica.  The  an- 
chorage within  it  is  between  Morant 
river  and  Two  Mile  Wood. 

Richfield,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
(ituated  ill  Otfego  co.  taken  from  Otfe- 
go  townHiip,  and  incorporated  in  1 79a ; 
229  of  its  inhabiunts  are  electors. 

RiCHFORO,  the  north-eaftcrnmoft 
townlhip  of  Franklin  co.  Vermont ;  on 
Miffii'coni  river. 

Richland,  a  county  of  S.  Carolina, 
Camden  diftri^  ;  bounded  S.  and  S.  W. 
by  Congaree  and  Broad  rivers,  and  eaft 
by  Wateree  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Kerfluw  and  Clermont  counties.  It 
contains,  ^m^o  inhabiunts ;  of  whom 
a,479  are  whitCj  and  1,4^7  flaves. 

Richland,  a  townihip  of  PennfyU 
vania,  in  Buck's  co. 

RiCHLiiv,  the  French  name  given 
formerly  to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cliam- 
plain.     See  Scrcl. 

RicHLiEu  ^<iWi,  a  clufter  of  fmall 
iilands  in  the  river  St.  LaAvrence,  about 
11  leagues  above  the  town  of  Trois  Ri- 
vieres, at  the  boundary  of  the  govern* 
meni  oi  Montreal.  There  are  nearly 
100  of  thera.  N.  lat.  46  a  a,  W.  loiig. 
71  7.: 

RiCHUEU,  thi?  name  of  an  anciept 
fmall  fortification  built  by  the  French, 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  river  Sorely  at 
its  junction  with  the  river  St.  Lawrences 
oppofite  the  iflands  of  Richlicu. 

Richman's  IJlandy  on  the  coaft  of 
Cumberland  co.  Diftrkft  of  Maine,  a- 
bout  northerly,,  four  leagues  from 
W9o4.lAaadf  Aod  a  league  welt^f  PDit- 


R  I  C    - 

land.  Few  veficis  put  in  here,  excel*' 
coallers.  There  is  a  I'unkcn  le^lge  $>. 
E.  hall  a  mile  tioni  the  north-eaU  end 
of  the  iflaod,  which  only  ihews  itfeif 
when  the  wind  blows  IVelh:  But  yout 
need  not  go  fo  ncai  the  idand.  Wo oc^ 
llland  19  in  Uc.  43  50  N.  and  long  69 
57  W. 

KiCHMOND,  a  townlliii)  on  die  weft 
line  ot  the  Stale  ot  Mailachulieus,  iq 
Beiklhire  co.  1 7  miles  W.  by  S.  ot  Lca« 
OS,  and  150  well  of  Bofton.  Iron  ore 
01  the  firft  quality  is  found  here,  but  as 
it  lies  deep  it  is  raifcd  at  a  great  ex- 
peofe.  Ore  of  indiftierent  quality  is 
found  in  many  places.  It  abounds  with 
Itnie-ftpne,  cuarle,  white,  and  clouded 
niarble.  The  town  was  incorporated 
in  1775,  and  contains  an  iron-work,  3 
griit-mills  a  fulling-mill,  a  fa^v-milis, 
and  1355  inhabitants. 

Kjchmono,  a  townfhip  of  Chefliiro 
0^  New-Hampihiie;  fituated  on  the 
Maflachufett^  hne,  about  11  miles  tail 
of  Connedticut  river,  and  ^7  W.  by  S. 
of  Pcrtlmouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  S75;(,  and  contains  1380  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  a  townflnp  in  Walhing- 
ton  CO.  Rhode-Ifland,  fcparated  from 
Uopkinton  on  the  well  by  Ward's  river 
a  branch  of  Paucatuck  river.  It  is  about 
19  miles  welt  of  Newport,  and  contains 
1760  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  a  county  of  New-York^ 
comprehending  all  Staten-liland,  Shoot> 
ers-Illand,  and  the  Iilands  of  Meadow,: 
on  the  weft  fide  thereof.  It  is  divided 
into  the  townfhips  of  Caftletown,  North- 
field,  Southfield,  and  Weftficld.  It 
contuns  3,835  inhabitants;  of  whom 
488  are  elcdlors,  and  759  flaves.  See 
Staten-IJland. 

Richmond, a  county  of  N.  Carolina, 
fituated  in  Fayette  diilrid,  bounded 
Ibuth,  by  the  iitate  of  S.  Carolina,  and 
north,  by  Moore  co.  It  contains  50^5, 
inhabitants,  including  583  flaves.  Chief 
town, Rockingham.  Thecourt-houfe,at 
which  a  poft-oftice  is  kept,  is  ao  miiee 
from  Anfon  court-houfe,  56  from  Fayi 
eneville,  and  563  from  Philadelphia^ 

Richmond,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N,  and  N.  E.  by  Wewaore- 
land,  and  S.  and  S.  W.  by  Rapp|dian- 
nock  river,  which  feparatcs  it  nom  Ef- 
fex  CO.  It  contains  6,985  inhabitants, 
of  whom  3,984  are  flaves.  The  court* 
houfe,  where  a  pofl-office  is  kept,  is  373 
ndles  from  Philadelpbia. 

KiCHMONfiy  theprefeatfeatofgoT* 

eromco( 


'•       .4 


■■(        81  ■•• 


) 


I 


R  I  C 

cmment  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  is  fit- 
uated  in  Henrico  co.  on  titc  north  (ide 
«>f  James's  liver,  juft  at  the  foot  of  the 
iiills,  und  containii  between  400  and  500 
houfes,  and  nearly  4,000  inhabitants. 
I'art  ot  the  houles  arc  built  on  the  inar- 
f^in  of  the  river,  convcuicnt  for  bufinefs ; 
the  t eft  arc  upon  a  hiiivhich  overlooks 
the  lower  part  of  the  town,  and  coni- 
iiiands  an  extenlive  profpet^f  of  tiie  riv- 
er and  adjacent  country.  The  new 
houles  are  well  built.  A  large  ftate- 
hoidc,  or  capitol,  has  lately  been  erect- 
ed on  tlic  hill.  This  city  likewife 
Iwafts  of  an  elegant  ftatue  of  the  illuf- 
trious  Waihington,  which  was  formed 
ftt  Paris.  The  lower  part  of  thr  town 
is  divided  by  a  creek,  over  which  is  a 
tonvenient  bridge.  A  bridge  between 
;voo  and  400  yards  in  length,  has  been 
tlnown  acrofs  Janits's  river,  at  the  foot 
of  the  fall,  by  Col.  Mayo.  That  part 
ironi  MancheUer  to  the  iHand  is  built 
on  15  boats.  From  the  ifland  to  the 
rocks  was  formerly  a  floating  bridge  of 
latts }  but  the  cnterprilieg  proprietor 
has  now  built  it  of  framed  log  piers, 
iilled  with  ilones.  From  the  rocks  to 
the  landing  at  Richmond,  the  bridge  is 
continued  on  framed  piers  filkd  with 
Itones.  This  bridge  conneAs  the  city 
uitii  Manchcfter^  and  as  the  pafli:n- 
£crs  pay  toll,  it  produces  a  handfome 
ic venue  to  Col.  Mayo,  who  is  the  fole 
proprietor.  The  public  buildings,  be- 
Jides  the  ftate-houlc,  are  an  Epiicopal 
church,  a  court-houfe,  gaol,  a  theatre, 
and  3  tobacco  ware-houTes.  The  falls 
above  the  bridge  are  7  miles  in  length. 
A  noble  canal  is  cutting,  and  nearly 
completed  on  the  north  lide  of  the  riv- 
er, which  is  to  terminate  in  a  bafon  of 
about  two  acres,  in  the  town  of  Rich- 
mond. From  this  bafon  to  the  wharves 
in  the  river,  will  be  a  land  carriage  of 
about  a  mile.  The  cxpenfe  is  eftimat- 
cd  at  >C3o,ooo  Virginia  currency.  The 
opening  of  this  canal  promifes  the  ad- 
•Ution  of  much  wealth  to  Richmond. 
Vefiels  of  burden  lie  at  City  i>oint,  7,0 
riiiles  below,  to  which  the  goods  from 
Richmond  are  ftnt  down  in  boats.  It 
J5  6a6  miles  from  Bofton,  374  from  N. 
York,  176  from  Baltimore,  478  from 
I^iladclphia,  447  from  Fayetteville,  497 
Irom  Charlciton,  and  66a  from  Savan> 
»)ah.  N.  lat.  37  40,  W.Iong.  77  50. 
t'KiCHMONt),  a  county  of  the  Upper 
diftritt  of  Georgit,  in  wr!.  i.  is  fuuated 
ijirdty  of  Aug-jfta^;  U  ,;iieparated 


mo 

from  S.  Carolina  on  the  £.  by  Savannah 
river,  and  contains  11,317  inhabitants, 
of  whom  4»ii6  arc  flnves. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Vincent's,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is 
ieatcd  at  the  head  ot  a  deep  bay,  on  the 
weftern  lide  of  the  inland.  Chatcaubelair 
river  runs  on  the  footh  fide  of  the  town, 
which  gives  name  to  the  bay.  Another 
river  empties  into  the  bay  on  the  north 
lide  of  the' town. 

RiOGtFULD.a  poA-town  of  Connec" 
ticut,  in  Fairiield  co.  10  miles  iouth- 
wcftward  of  Danbury,  78  fouth-welt  of 
Hartford,  5  z  north-ealt  of  Kinglbridgc, 
in  tlie  State  of  New-York,  and  i6x 
north-eaft  of  Philadelphia.  The  town- 
ibip  of  Ridgelield  was  called  by  the  In- 
dians  CauMtoiv/t,  or  high  land.  It  well 
anfwers  the  oame,  for  though  it  is  x^ 
miles  from  the  Sound,  it  afl'urds  a  good 
prolpedt  of  it,  and  of  Long-liland.  Of 
the  latter.  40  miles  in  length  is  vilible, 
tad  ve&eh  may  be  feen  as  they  pafs  up 
the  Sound.    It  was  fettled  in  1 709. 

RmtEY,  a  townihip  in  Dela-ware  co. 
Fcnnfylvania. 

RiGO  JjanJf  near  the  north-wel^ 
part  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  behind  which  is  the  prin- 
cipal harbour  of  the  main  ifland. 

Ri  MAC,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  pafles 
through  the  city  of  Lima,  and  falls  into 
the  lea  6  miles  below  that  city. 

RiNOGE,  or  Kinge,  a  town  in  the 
county  of  Chefliire,  New-Hampfliire. 
It  lies  upon  the  Mallachufetts  line,  about 
}Jo  miles  weftcrly  of  portimouth,.  and 
70  north-well  of  Bofton,  Was  incor* 
porated  in  1768.  In  1775,  it  contain, 
cd  542,  and  m  1790*  1143  inhabitants. 
In  this  townfliip  are  thirteen  natural 
ponds  of  water  of  different  fizes,  in 
which  are  pickerel,  perch,  trout,,  eels, 
^c^  In  this  townfljDPr  northerly,  is  h 
mine  lately  diicovered,  which  conuins 
a  kind  of  ochr^  of  a  Spanilh  brown. 
Ooehalf  of  the  water  of  this  town  runs 
to  the  Merrimack,  the  other  to  Con- 
necticut river,  

RiNGo's-TowM,  in  Hunterdon  co, 
New-Jerfey,  lies  about  15  miles  N.  W. 
ofPrinpetOD. 

RiopAMBiL,  a  jurifdiftibn  of  Pen;^  in 
the  province  of  Quito,  having  a  capital 
of  its  own  name.  The  produflions  and 
manufaiflures  of  this  prbvioce  excel 
all  the  reft  of  the  provinces  of  Peru. 
Several  parts  of  it  are  full  of  mines  of 
gokLacd  filvar.;-^*!;','^^:  ,.'-•--''-*'»•• 

Rio 


K  IV 


ROB 


by  Savannah 
inhabitant!*, 

:he  iflandof 
ndies.  It  is 
>  bay)  on  the 
Ihatcaubclair 
of  the  town, 
ly.  Another 
on  the  north 

rnofConnec- 
miles  (outh- 
fouth-v/elt  of 
Kingfbridge, 
irk,  and  i6i 
.    The  town- 
led  by  the  In- 
land.  It  well 
lOugh  it  is  14 
ifl'oids  a  good 
ig-llland.    Of 
agth  i»  vilible, 
s  they  pafs  up 
d  in  1709. 
1  Dela>ware  co. 

he  north-weft 

0  Rico,  in  the 
ich  is  the  prin- 

1  illand. 

1,  which  paiTes 
,  and  tails  into 
It  city. 

I  town  in  the 
ew-Hampfhire. 
fetts  line,  about 
)rtimouth,.  and 
Was  incoP'f 
75,  it  contain* 
43  inhabitants, 
hirteen  natural 
erent  fizes,  in 
:h,  trout,  eels, 
northerly,  is  a 
vluch  contains 
panifti  brown, 
this  town  runs 
other  to  Con- 


It  to  J'mw,  intheiHandof  Jaroaica, 
lies  14  miles  cailward  of  Martha  Drae, 
where  a  Ihiffmay  lie,  bringing  the  point 
N.  N.  W.  in  8  or  9  fathoms  water. 
The  bank  is  lleep.  Ea(lward  of  this, 
4  or  5  miles  is  Dry  Harbour. 

Kio  Oraitdc't  a  captainfhip'  in  the 
northern  diviiion  of  Brazil,  wnofe  chiei' 
town  is  Tignares. 

Rio  GramU't  a  large  river  of  Brazil, 
from  whence  the  above  captainfhip  has 
its  name.  'Fhe  Portuguele  fay  its  en- 
trance is  dIfHtult  and  dangcrous^thoupK 
wide  and  deep  enungU  further  in. 

Rio  Qranact  a  river  of  Terra  Firma, 
S.  America,  wlfich  rifcs  near  the  aqua- 
tor,  runs  eaflward,  and  falls  into  the 
t^orth  Sea,  betwt  1  Carthagcna  and  St. 
Martha.  Aifo  \1m  .lame  of  a  river  of 
Brazil,  which  iails  into  the  fea  at  Natal 
los  Reyes. 

Rio  d«  la  H^^-ha^  a  town  aud 
province  in  the  northern  diviiion  of 
Terra  Firma, 

Rio  de  Pritast  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, lies  10  leagues  to  the  fouthward  of 
St.  Catherine. 

Rio  de  la  Plata.  See  Plata  Rktr^ 
Paraguay^  and  Buenos  Ayrts. 

Rio  de  la  Plata,  a  province  in  the  S. 
diviiion  of  Paraguay,  in  S.  America.  Its 
chief  town  is  Buenos  Ayr  .s. 

Rio  de  Puercoti  a  hi.rbour  or  an- 
chorage ground  on  vbc;  northern 
dde  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  fouth-wcftof 
Bahia  Honda, 

Rio  Janeiro,  a  rich  and  populous 
city  of  Brazil,  haying  many  elegant 
churches  and  handfome  buildings,,  iitu- 
ated  within  a  large  and  wide  ^ay,  in 
lat.  34  ij  fouth,.and  long.  43  30  wcit. 
It  contains  about  aoo,ooo  inhabitants, 
and  is  a  place  of  coniiderable  trader  It 
is  aJfo  called  St.  Sebaftian. 

Rio  Realy  a  river  of  Brazil,  running 
almolt  parallel  with  that  of  St.-  Francis, 
dividing  the  captainfhip  of  Seregipe 
from  that  of  Todos  los  Santos,  and  emp- 
ties into  tlte  ocean  41  leagues  to  the 
northward  of  the  bay  of  that  name. 

RippACANOE  Creeky  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  is  a  weftcrn  branch  of  Wa- 
bafh  river.  The  Kickapee  Indian  town 
lies  near  it.  lu  mouth  is  ^o  miles  a- 
bove  the  Lower  Wcau  town<;. 

RiPTON,  atownfhip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vennonc,  ax  miles  eaft  o£  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

RiVAN  N  A^  a  Cnall  north- wefl  branch 
•f  Jamfts's  river  in  Virginia,  whofe 


head  waters  unite  a  few  milfis  north  of 
Charlottelville,  and  empties  into  James's 
river,  about  %  miles  above  F.Ik  Ifland^ 
It  is  navigable  for  canoes  and  batteaux, 
to  its  interfc(Jtion  with  the  fouth-well 
mountains,  which  is  alxnit  11  miles ; 
and  may  eafily  be  opencU  to  navir;ationr 
through  thofe  mountains,  to  its  fork 
above  Chailottefvillc. 

R1VRRH8AD,  a  townrtiip  of  New- 
York,,  iituatcd  in  Suffolk  co.  in  Long* 
Ifland.  It  was  taken  from  the  town- 
ihip  of  Southold,  and  incorporated  iri 
1791 ;  344  o^  its  inhabitants  arc  quali- 
ficd  eiedtors. 

RivBa  of  the  Wejl,  in  the  north-weft 
part  of  N.  America,  empties  into  tho 
ocean  in  about  lat.  43  (7  30  north,  and 
long.  \\%  30  wefl.  It  is  little  known^ 
except  near  its  mouth. 

RiyiBRB,  Grandft'm  Lower  Canadn, 
empties  into  the  ocoaiv  through  the 
northern  fhore  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  6r 
leagues  weft-north-weft  of  Cape  Def- 
pair.  Here  is  a  confiderablc  cod-fifhury* 

RoANotE  InJet,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina  leads  into  Albemarle  Sound* 
N.  lat.  35  56,  W.  long.  76  14- 

RoANOKF.  l/la»d  is  on  the  fouthcm 
fide  of  Albemarle  Sound.  The  north 
point  of  tlie  ifland  is  about  7  miles  weft 
of  Roanoke  Inlet. 

RoANO-KR,  » long  and  rapid  river,  13 
formed  by  *  princi|?al  branches,  Suun- 
ton  river,  which  rifes  in  Virginia,  anil 
Dan  river,  which  rifes  in  N.  Carolina. 
The  low  lands  on  this  river  are  fubjct^i 
to  inundations.  It  is  navigable  only  for 
fhallops,.  nor  for  thefe,  but  about  60  09 
70  milcf;,  on  account  of  falls,  which  it» 
a  great  meafure  obftruft  the  water  com- 
munication with  the  back  country.  It 
empties  by  fcveral  mouths  into  the  S, 
W.  end  of  Albemarle  Sound.  The 
planters  on  the  banks  of  this  river,  arc 
iuppofed  to  be  the  wealti.'eft  in  North- 
Carolina.  The  lower  part  of  this  rivCw 
was  formerly  called  Mozattoe. 

Roanoke  Rivera  Litfk,  empties  into. 
Staunton  river  from  the  north,  about  i^ 
miles  above  the  jundtion  of  Dan  and 
Staunton  rivers. 

Ro/RiNG  Rhfr,  a  boatable  water  of 
Tenneffee  State,  which  runs  north-welt- 
erly  into  Cumberland  river,  it  miles 
fouth-weft  of  the  mouth  of  Obas  river. 

RoBEROEAU,  a  fmall  fort  which  wa* 
erefted  in  Bald  Eagle,  or  Sinking  Sprinp; 
Valley,  in  Penofylvania,  during  the  latvi 
war.    It  was  ere<Sled  for  rhc  pi-oteiftioa 

of 


■  ■    i 


%{ 


'I  IP 


I 


iL  o  c 

'■'iolt  thofe  who?  then  worked  at  the  lead 
mines.  But  the  Indian  war  raging  a- 
round  them,  they  were  forced  to  aban- 
don the  enterprrzci  Sec  £a/d  Eagle 
Valley. 

RoBFRT  Bay,  oh  the  eaft  coaft  of 

Newfoundland',  feparatcd  from  Spnifh 

Bay  by  a  very  narrow  neck  of  land )  and 

,  about  %.  N.  E.  4  miles  about  the  point 

trpm  Port  Grave. 

Robert  Bay,  a  gulf  or  bay  of  the 
ifland  of  Martinico  in  the  Welt-Indies, 
and  one  of  the  fineft  natural  harbours 
that  can  be  imagined,  being  able  to  con- 
,  tain  the  largeft  fleet  with  fuch  conve- 
nience, that  the  fhips  may  ride  n<ar 
enough  the  fhore  to  reach  it  with  a 
plank.  It  it.  about  a  leajjues  in  defith, 
«nd  is  formed  by  the  Point  of  the  Gal- 
kons  on  the  well,  and  Point  Rofe  on 
the  eaft. 

RoBEsow,  a  county  of  N/  Carolina* 
fituated  in  f'ayette  iliftridt,  and  bounded 
i5:»uth-wcft  by  the  State  of  S*  Carolina. 
ft  contains  5.^26  mhabilants,  including 
$27,  fiaves.    Chief  town,  Lumberton. 

Robin  Hood's  Bay,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Ne\*foundland*i8  frequented  by  fraall 
Teftels,  as  they  can  fifli  here  to  ad\'an- 
tage.  It  is  not  far  from  Trinity  Har- 
(lour,  and  near  to  Fox  Iflands. 

RocA  Jjlands,  a  clufter  of  uninhabrted 
IHands  off  the  north  coaft  of  Venezuela, 
in  Terra  Firma,  about  40  leagues  north- 
weft  by  weft  of  Tortugas. 

RocA  Partido,  a  fmall  iHand  in 
the  North  Paciric  Ocean,  S.  fi.  from 
La  Mefa,  and  W.  from  the  ifle  La  Nu- 
blada ;  and  in  about  lat<  16  zs  N.  and 
long.  \r%  W. 

Koch  p,  Cape  de  la^on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  about  five 
leagues  weft  of  Old  Cape  Francois. 

RocH,  Riviere  a  la,  a  river  of  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  a  S.  W. 
courfe,  and  empties  into  the  Miffilippi 
95  miles  above  the  Iowa  Rapids. 

Roc  HER,  la  praire  du,ox  Rock  Mead- 
OIL'S,  on  Miflifippi  river,  3  miles  below 
the  fpot  where  Fort  Chartres  ftood. 

Roc  HESTER,  the  north-weftcrnmoft 
townlliip  of  Windfor  co.  Vermont,  and 
;  Contains  415  inhabitants. 

Rochester,  a  townfliip  of  Maffi- 
'thufetts,  Plvmouth  CO.  53  mHes  Ibuth- 
vard  of  Bofton.  It  wat  incorporated 
in  1686,  and  contains  4,644  inh;ibitants. 
'.  R  o  r  H  K  s  T  E  R ,  a  confiderablc  town  (hip 
irt  !  tniftbrd  co.  New-Ham  pfliire,  on  the 
W.  Tide  of  the  aorthera  braock  of  Pii^ 


HOC 

cataqna  rirer,  ai  mi\ti  north-wcfter^5r 
of  Portfmouth,  and  40  S.  by  E.  of  Mid- 
dlcton.  It  was  incorporated  in  jjiz, 
and  contains  3,857  inhabitants. 

Rochester,  a  townfliip  in  Ulfter  co. 
New-York,  extending  "W.  to  Delaware 
riv«r.  It  is  about  i »  miles  S.  W.  of  Efo- 
pus,  and  contains  t6sS  inhabitants,  of 
whom  aiS  are  eleftors,  and  381  (laves. 

RocKAWAr»  a  fmall  poft-town  in 
Morris  co.  New-Jerfey,  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  river  of  it«  name,  15  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Morrifto#h,  a»  S.  E.  of  Newton, 
and  123  N.E^byN.of  Philadetpliia. 

RocKBRiooE,  a  mountainous  countf 
of  Virginia,  bounded  N.  by  Augufta, 
and  S.  by  James  river,  whicn  divides  it 
from  Botetourt  CO.  It  contains  6,548 
inhabitants,  of  whom  68«  are  flaves. 
1  he  Natural  Bridae,  fo  elegantly  de- 
fcribed  by  Mr.  Jefrerfon,-  in lii«  Notes 
on  Virginia^  is  In  this  county. 

Rock  Fish,  a  nofth-weftern  branch 
of  James  river,  in  Virginia,  at  the 
mouth  of  which  is  fome  indifferent  mar« 
ble,  generally  variegated  with  red,  b)  jc, 
and  purple.  It  forms  a  large  precipice, 
which  hangs  over  a  navigabte  part  of 
the  river.  None  of  the  marble  has  ever 
yet  been  worked. 

RocKFORir,  a  poft-fo_wn  of  N.  Caro- 
lina,  573  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

RocKHiLL,  a  to'^nfliip  of  Back's  co. 
Pcnnfylvania. 

^  Rocking HAiOf,  one  of  the  five  coun- 
ties  into  which  tlie  State  of  New-Hamp- 
fhire  is  divided.  It  hes  on  the  S.  F. 
part  of  the  State  j  having  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  on  the  S.  E.  the  county  of  Hillf- 
borough  on  the  W.  Stra^rd  on  the  N, 
and  the  State  of  Maflachufetts  on  the  S. 
It  is  about  60  miles  long,  and  30  broad. 
It  embraces  the  only  fea-port,  and  molt 
of  the  commercial  towns  in  the  State.  It 
contains  46  townihips,  and  43,^69  in- 
habitants. Chief  towns,  Pbrtfmouth, 
Exeter,- and  Con : '>rd  .• 

R':'CKiNGH'AM,thenorth-cafternmori 
townlhip  in  Windham  co.  Vermont,  i". 
fituated  on  the  Weft  bank  of  Gonnefliciit 
river,  which  fepai  ates  it  from  Walpole, 
in  New-Hampfliire.  It  contidos  123s 
inhabitants. 

Rockingham,  a  county  of  Salifl^ury 
diftrift,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  eaft  by 
Cal'we'l  and  weft  by  Stokes.  On  tlie 
banks  of  the  Dan,  which  waters  tlii; 
county,  are  large  trafls  of  fertile  low  lanil. 
A  furnace  and  forge  have  been  erected 
on  Tioublcfoaie  Creek.  Iron  ore  is  found 

in 


>    :* 


rth-eafternmofi: 
;o.  Vermont,  i". 

ofGonneSicut 
from  Walpole, 

contains  1235 


it  6  c    . 

in  nlany  parts  of  the  county.,  it  con- 
taios  6,187  inhabitants^  includbg  1,100 
flaves. 

Rockingham,  the  chief  town  of 
Kichmond  co.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  feat- 
(cd  on  an  eminence,  about  6  miles  eaft 
of  Great  I*edee  river,  and  contains  a 
court-honfe,  gaol,  and  a  few  dwelling- 
houies.  It  is  74  miles  from  HiUHjo- 
rough,  40  from  Bethania,  and  536  from 
Fhiladelphia; 

Rockingham,  a  fnountainous  CO:  of 
Virginia,  bounded  north  by  Shenando- 
ah, and  fonth  by  Augulla.  It  contains 
7,449  inhabitants,  including  772  flaves. 

IlocKiNGHAM,  a  poft-town  and  the 
feat  of  the  courts  of  the  above  county, 
is  fltttated  on  a  branch  of  Shenandoah 
t:iver>  and  contains  a  court-houfej  gaol^ 
and  about  30  ho\ifes.  It  is  108  miles 
«aft  by  north  of  the  Sweet  Springs,  ij 
K-  W.  by  N.  of  Staunton,  5a  S.  W.  of 
Strafburg,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  26a  St 
W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Rocky  Meadovist  called  by  the 
preach  La  Praite  du  Rscher,  on  the 
eaftem  fide  of  the  river  Miflilippi,  n 
miles  northerly  of  Kafkafkias,  and  3 
foutherly  of  Fort  Chartres.  About  30 
years  ago,  it  contained  leo  white  in- 
habitants, and  80  negroes. 

Roc  K  E  M  E  c  K  0^  or  i?cf /(^w^/J?,  a  tmVn* 
ioip  in  Lincoln  co<  Diftridt  of  Maine. 
In  1790,  the  plantation!)  of  New  Sand- 
wich, Livermore,  and  Rockomefb'o, 
contained  400  inhabitants. 

RockoncaMa,  a  pond  of  about  a 
hiile  in  circumference,  in  the  centre  of 
Long  Ifland,  New-York.  State,  between 
femithtown  and  Iflip.  It  is  continually 
ebbing  and  flowing;  riling  gnidually 
for  leveral  years<  until  it  has  arrived  to 
a  certain  height;  and  tlien  falls  more 
rapidly  to  its  lowefl  bed.  . 

Rocky  Point,  on  the  fouth  ftidre  of 
Lake  Erie!,  lies  go  miles  from  the  bay 
of  Sandulky. 

Rocky,  a  fn.al!  river  of  N.  Carolina, 
which  empties  into  Yadkin  river. 

RoCKV  Mount,  or  Ftanklitt  Cottrt- 
Houje,  in  VirMnia^  where  is  a  poft-of- 
fice,'  is  aj  mfles  from  Martinflsurg,  40 
TromLiberty,and  133  from  Philadelphia. 

Roe  ft  y  Kivsr,  in  the  N.  W.  Territo- 
ry, falls  into  the  eaft  fide  of  Miifirippi  rit- 
*r,  shovit  70  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
Mine  river.    A  lead  mine  extend.^  from 
the  mouth  of  this  tirer  on  the  banks  of 
the  Mi(filippi»  more  than  loo  milts  up- 
wards. ...     . .     .. 

Ww 


ROM 

Roco  CranJf,  an  ifland  on  the  ediSt 
of  the  Spanifli  Main,  in  the  W.  Indies* 
N.  lat.  II  5,  W.  long.  67  39. 

Roonky,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  cOafl 
of  N.  America,  is  the  N.  point  of  Nor- 
ton Sound.  Sledge  Ifland  is  8.  E.  ^  E. 
of  it  4  leagues,  between  which  and  the 
continent  is  atichorage  in  7  fathoms^ 
This  point  has  its  name  in  honour  01 
the  celebrated  Admiral,  Lord  Rodney. 
N.  lat;  64  30,  W.  long.  t66  3. 

RoDRiGUEs  Key,  on  the  coafl  of 
Florida,  a  pretty  large  mangrove  ifland, 
one  of  the  Tortugas,  lying  off  Key 
Largo,  and  bears  froni  Ta'smies'  Key 
N.  Nj  £.  ^  E.  5  miles.  The  roots  of 
the  trees  are  always  overflowed.  N. 
lat.  »5,  W.  long.  81  17; 

KoiBvcK.  Ijland,  at  theeaflern  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Ontario.  See  Forejl 
IJland. 

KoGEas*  Rdadf  fo  called  from  the 
perfon  under  whofe  diredlion  it  was 
made,  in  1790.  It  leads  through  Clin- 
ton CO.  in  New-York  State  into  Canada ; 
and  is  much  ufed  in  winter,  when  paf- 
fing  the  lakes  is  often  dangerous,  and 
always  uncomfortable. 

Roa£RsviM,E,  the  chief  town  of 
Hawkins  co;  Tenneflee.  The  road 
from  Knoxvllle  to  Philadelphia,  65* 
miles,  pafTds  by  Rogerfvilfe,  Kofs's  Fur- 
nace, Abingdon,  Englifli's  Ferry,  oii 
New-Jliver,  Big  Lickj  Pej'tonfburg* 
Rockbridgei  Lexington,  Staunton^ 
Ncw-Markety  Winchefter,  Frederick- 
town,  York,,  and  Lancafler. 

Roland's  Ta/i/?,  on  the  main  land 
of  the  E.  Coaft  of  the  diftridt  of  Gafpcc^ 
in  Lower  Canada,  and  V/.  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  js  a  flat  mowntain» 
which  fhews  itfblfoff  tofe'awardt  ap- 
pears above  fei^eral  others,  and  iervea 
to  find  out  Ifk  PcrccCf  or  Pierced  Ifland* 
I  j  miles  from  Cape  Gafpee.  The  iiland 
of  Bonaventura  is  3  miles  beyond  it. 

RoM.iNo  Porky  a  main  foutherD 
branch  of  Salt  river,  in  kentuckv.  The 
towns  of  Lyilra  and  Bealfl^urg  Itaindoai 
this  river. 

Roman,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  South- 
Carolina.  From  hence  to  Charieftoc^ 
iight-houfe  the  ctStirfe  is  W.  S.  W.  | 
Wj  11  leagues.'  N.  lat.  33  5,  W.  long. 

If  .to. 

RoAiAN,  Cap!,  on  the  coaifl  of  Flor- 
ida,' is  ao^  leagues  N.  W.  by  N.  ox 
Cape  Sabic,  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  pe- 
niafula  of  Floridih 

K O.MAN.  Capt,  oa  the  sorth  coaft  o^ 

Ttrnk 


P 


■  i    ^', 


;  (    ,\ 


"\    ii 


R  O  P 


HO  S 


Terra  Firma,  is  the  north  point  of  the 
yeninfula  which  is  the  eaft  limit  of  the 
Gulf  of  VenexueU.  Near  to  it  on  the 
aorth,  are  a  number  of  rocks,  and  due 
north  of  it  is  the  iHand  pf  Oruaf  or 
Aruba,  belonging  to  the  Dutch,  8  or  9 
leagues  diftant. 

KoMANo,  or  Romitm  CavOf  a  fmall 
Wand  off  the  north  ihorcLof  the  ifland 
ofCi;^  It  is  long  and  narrow,  and 
atthceaftcm  extremity  of  that  clutter 
of  ifles  called  the  King's  Garden. 

Rome,  a  poft-town  of  New-York, 
tterkemer  co.  on  Mohawk  river,  S  miles 
weft  of  Whitettown,  and  376  miles 
from  Philadelphia.  This  townfhip 
was  taken  from  Steuben»  and  incorpo* 
rated  in  1796.  Fort  Stanwix,  called 
alfo  New  Fort  Schuyler,  is  in  thi*) 
town. 

KoMNBY,  the  chief  town  of  Hamp* 
Aire  CO.  Virginia,  contain^  about  70 
<lwclling-houle8,  a  bnck  court-houfe, 
and  a  ftone  gaol.  It  is  fituated  on  the. 
weftem  bank  of  the  S.  W.  branch  of 
Patowmau  river,  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Winchefter,  %s  N.E.by  N.  of  Moor- 
4ields,  and  18  S.  W.  of  Old-Town,  in 
Alleghany  co.  Pennfylvania.  It  is  a 
poft-town,  and  is  a^a  mile*  W,  by  S.  of 
Philadelphia. 

RoMOPACK,  a  village  in  Bergen  co. 
New-Jeriey,  on  Rumopack  river,  15  or 
ao  miles  north  of  Patterfon. 

Romulus,  a  military  townfhip  in 
New-York  State,  Onondago  co.  be- 
tween Seneca  and  Cayuga  Lakes.  The 
high  road  to  the  feri-y  at  Cayuga  Lake 
rjins  Uirough  its  northern  part.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1794;  and  has  within 
its  jurifdixSHon  tlie  townfhips  of  Junius 
and  Galen,  together  with  -the  lands  ly- 
ing weft  of  Hannibal  and  Cato,  north 
qJ  the  townfhip  of  Galen  and  S.  of 
Lake  Ootario,  and  that  part  of  the 
lands  refervcd  to  the  Cayuga  nation  of 
Indians,  weft  of  Cayuga  Lake.  In  the 
year  1796,  M3  of  its  mhabitants  were 
cifti^ors. 

Ron i>E,  or  Rhnde  IJlttnd,  one  of  the 
Gteiuu:}ine<(»dependent  on  the  ifland  of 
Grenada,  in  the  Weft-Indies  ;,  fituated 
about  mid-way  between  Curiucuu  and 
the  north  end  of  Grenada,  about  four 
leagues  froiTi  each.  It  contains  about 
500  acres  of  exceUcnt  land,  which  are 
Wholly  applied  to  pailurage,  and  the 
cultivation  of  cotton. 

RopR  Ferry,  a  ferry  acrofe  a.bay  in 
t^  town  tt^£«ew*LoncMDyia  Coflo«^- 


cut  J  f  miles  19.  W.  by  W.  of  New-tort* 
don  city,  on  the  poll-road  to  New-Ua^ 
ven.  The  bay  fets  up  from  Long  Iffc 
and  Sound,  between  Millftone  Point 
and  Blade  Point  in  I^yme.  In  Auguft> 
1796^  a  bridge,  500  ittt  long,  was  biult 
acrol's  this  ferry^  3  miles  above  Millftone 
Point,  where  the  water  is  18  fieet  deep  4. 
The  bridge  is  24  feet  broad,  with  a  ihd> 
ing  draw. 

RoQjjE,  Capet  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
borth-weftward  of  Cape  St.  AuguiUne. 
S.  lat,  6  ao,  W.  long,  37  30. 

Rosa,  i  cape  in  the  ifland  of  St.  Dtw 
mingo,  E.  N.  E.  4  E.  of  Cape  Dame  Ma- 
lie,  the  weftern  point  of  the  ifland,  dif- 
tant  about  7  leagues. 

Rosa,  or  St.Rq/i'f,  an  extenfive  bay 
on  the  coafl  uf  Weft-Florida,  ftretching 
about  30  miles  to  the  north-caft,  and  is 
from  4  to  6  miles  broad.  The  bar  be* 
fore  it  has  only  7  or  8  feet  water,  where 
deepeft  ;  but  within  there  is  1 6  or  1 7,  as 
far  as  the  Red  Bluff  on  the  main  land. 
The  peninfula  between  this  bay  and 
that  of  Penfacola,  en  die  weft,  is  from  x 
to  3  or  4  miles  broad.  It  is  generally 
2  very  poor,  iandy  foil,  producing,  in 
ibme  places,  large  pines  and  live  oak. 
The  largeft  river  that  falls  into  the  bay 
is  Chafta-Hatcha,  or  Pea  river,  which 
runs  from  the  nortli-eaft,  and  enters  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  the  bay  through 
feveral  mouths,  but  fa  fhoal  that  only  » 
fmall  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs  them.  Mr, 
Hutchins  afcended  it  about  25  leagues^ 
where  he  foiind  a  fmtdl  party  of  the 
CoufTac  Indians. 

Rosa,  or  Rq/eljland^  extendi  along 
tlie  mouth  of  the  aoove  bay,  and  is  about 
50  miles  long,  and  no  where  above  half 
a  mile  broad.  The  channel  at  the  eaft 
end  of  the  ifland  is  fo  choaked  up  with 
a  large  fhoal,  in  fome  places  dry,  that  the 
deepeft  wiiter  is  only  4  or  5  feet ;  and 
the  channel  between  Rofe  Ifland  and 
the  main  is  barely  fufiicient  for  hoaxi  or 
pettiaugers. 

Rosali  B,  iV/,  is  fituated  in  the  weft* 
ern  territory  of  Georgia,  in  the  Natchez 
country,  on  the  eaft  Sde  of  the  Miifiiip- 
pl,  inlat.  31  40  ;  143  miles  above  New- 
Ofleans^ 

Roseau,  the  capital  of  the  Ifland  of 
Dominico,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  ic 
now  called  ChartottctoWn,,  and  is  fitiia* 
ted  in  St.  George's  parifh,  about  fevei> 
leagues  from  Pnnce  Rupert'is  Bay.  H 
is  on  a  point  of  land  on  the  fbuth-weft 
fide  of  the  Uland  which  forms  two  bay9» 
•»   ■  viz. 


«iz.  Woo4brI<^ge's  Bay  on  the  north, 
ai)d  Charlottevule  Bay  to  tho  fouthward. 
Rofeau  is  about  halt  a  mile  io  length 
from  Clurlotteviile  to  RoTeau  river,  and 
mofUy  two  furlongs  in  breadth*  but  i» 
of  a,n  irregular  figure.  It  contains  more 
than  500  houfes,  pefides  pottages  occur 
.pied  by  negroes.  WhiUt  in  poiTviTton 
of  the  French,  it  contained  upwards  of 
(,000  houfes.  N.  iat.  15  25,  W' long. 
6s  a?. 

,  Rose,  $i.  or  ^ajna.  The  eftablifti- 
mcnts  in  die  plain  of  3t>  Roie,  and  thofe 
00  tlie  banlcs  vi  the  Jayna,  on  the  fuuth 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  aie 
looked  upon  as.  depending  on  tlie  city 
ef  St.  Domingo.  They  are  reckoned 
to  contain,  atleaft,  2,oco  peribns  ;  for 
the  moii  part  people  of  colour,  free  and 
slaves.  The  river  Jayna  is  3  leagues 
W.  of  that  city.  The  parifli  <»  St.  Rofe 
er  Jayna,  which  has  in  its  dependency 
the  ancient  rich  population  of  Bona- 
yenture,  is  now  reduced  to  a  handful 
of  individuals,  \Khofe  efnployment  is  the 
Itreeding  of  cattle  or  the  vraQiing  of 
gold  fand.  Towards  the  fource  oi  the 
Jayna,  and  near  the  town  of  St.  Roie, 
were  the  celebrated  gold  mines  of  St. 
CHriiftopher  i  i^  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  ColumlMi«  erected  a  fort  by  the 
same  ot  St.  Chrifiopher. 

RosBWAY,  Port,  a  populpus  fea- 
poit  town,  on  tlie  l^uth-eaft  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  nortl)-eaft  by  eafl  of  Cape 
N^o  and  Harbour. 

KosEWAY  I/iaf:d  lies  at  the  mouth 
of  Fort  Wager,  on  the  fouth-ealt  coail 
of  Nova-Scotia. 

RosiA,  Cap^»  iaTenobfcotBay,Dif- 
tti<a  of  Maine. 

Ro  81 B  K  s,  Capcy  the  fouth  limit  of  the 
ipoutli  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  from 
when(;e  it  is  ^  miles  acrofs  to  the  north 
more,  meaiuring  by  the  weft  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Anticolli.  This  is  the  eaftcrn- 
raoft  point  of  the  diftriit  of  Gafpee,  in 
Lower  Canada.  It  has  Florell  Ifle  and 
Cape  Gafpee  on  the  fouth.  N.  lat.  4S 
^6,  W.  long.  63  40. 

R0S8IG  N o L,  i'^r^,  on  the  fouthern 
coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  a  harbour  to  the 
foutlj-weft  of  Port  de  L'Heve. 

RossiqNOL,  a  conlidcrable  lake  in 
Nova-*>cotia,  between  Liverpool  and 
Annapolis.  The  Indians  fay  it  is  the 
main  fouice  of  Livecpool  and  Petit  riv- 
ers. It  has  been  a  place  of  rcfort  for 
the  Indians,  on  account  of  tlie  favour- 
able hunting  groucds  ufoa  iu 


Rotterdam,  or  Anamocoe  yie,  01* 
of  the  Friendly  Iflands,  fituated  on  the 
north  of  Amfterdam  Ifle;  reraatkabfc 
for  Its  fertility  and  the  peaceable  difpO- 
lition  of  the  inhabitants. 

RoTTSRVAM,  iV^.,  a  new  fcttle- 
lucnt  00  the  north  lide  of  Oneida  Lake, 
in  the  Swte  of  New-York. 

Rouge,  Cape,  or  Red  Cape,  on  the  N. 
fjieof  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in 
the  W.  Indies,  lies  4  leagues  weftward 
of  Point  IfabeUica. 

KovGE  River,  in  LouiOana,  is  fo  call- 
ed frpm  its  waters  being  of  a  red  col- 
our, and  did  to  tinge  thofe  of  the  Mif- 
fifijjpi  in  the  time  of  the  floods.  It  ri- 
fes  in  New-Mexico,  and,  after  nuining 
about  600  miles,  joins  the  Miflifippi  187 
miles  above  New-Orleans,  j6i  miles  be- 
low Fort  Rofalie  ;  30  miles  from  its 
mouth  it  receives  Noir,  or  Black  river. 
Near  70  leagues  up  Rouge  river  the 
French  had  a  conlidcrable  poll  called 
Natchitoches.  It  was  a  frontier  to  the 
Spanifli  fettleraents,  being  ao  miles  from 
Fort  Adayes. 

RouGt  Chafieau,  or  Red  Hat,  a  cape 
on  the  coaft  of  N.  America.  N.  lat.  46 
51.  W-  long.  55  a6. 

Ro V  N  o  Bay,  a  fine  bay,  with  good  an- 
chf  ige,  on  the  weft  fide  of  tlie  ifland 
of  Si.  Lucia,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Round,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Labra« 
dor,  in  N^  America. 

Round  Heads,  Indians  inhabiting  on 
Riviere  aux  Tetes  Bowles,  or  Round 
Head  river,  in  N.  America.  Warriors, 
z,ooo. 

Round  I/la»d,  a  flnall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Weft-Florida,  lies  5  miles  north 
hrom,  and  oppolite  to,  the  middle  of 
Horn  Ifland,  and  is  well  limbered. 

Round  Rack,  one  of  the  Virgin  ifl- 
ands, north  of  Ginger  Ifland.  N.  kt. 
18  10,  weft  long.  6z  53. 

Rowan,  one  of  tJie  moft  pppulous 
counties  of  N.  Carolina,  iu  Salifl)ury 
diftriift  ;  bounded  north  by  Iredell,  ani 
fouth  by  Cabarrus.  It  contains  15,848 
inhabitants,  including  1 741  flaves, 

RowE,  a  townfliip  in  the  north-weft- 
ein  corner  of  liampfliire  co.  Maflkchu- 
fetts ;  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
i  Vermont,  and  130  miles  north-weft  of 
'  Bofton.   It  is  watered  by  Deerfield  riv- 
er, and  contains  443  inhabitants. 

Rowley,  a  townflaip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  Efl'ex  co.  having  Newbury  on  the 
north-eaft  and  contains  two  pariflies,  bc- 
iidcs  a  ibcicty  ul' Aiubapiifts.   The  in- 
habitants, 


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RUM 


hnbitants,  177x111  number,  aremofUy 
farmers.  Near  its  bounds  with  New- 
bury, fome  ft>ecimens  of  black  lead  have 
been  difcovered,  and  it  is  thought  there 
is  a  confiderable  body  of  it,  which  may 
be,  hereafter,  an  objc'ft  of  confequence. 
It  is  5  or  6  miles  north  by  weft  of  Ipf- 
vich,  and  a  6  north  by  eaft  of  Bofton, 
and  was  incorporated  in  16^9, 

RozAs,  Haite  de^  the  heights  in  the 
diftri^  of  Bayaguana,  in  the  middle  of 
the  eaftern  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo,  are  fo  called.  Here  Valverde 
iaw,  after  having  long  fought  for  it  in 
vain,  a  little  quadraped,  which  in  form 
and  fize  refembled  a  fucking  pig  of  a 
fortnight  old,  except  that  its  fnout  was 
a  little  longer.  It  had  but  very  little 
hair,  which  w-^  as  fine  as  that  of  the 
dogs  called  Chirujb.  The  town  of  Ba- 
yflguana  is  about  4  leagues  fouth-eaft 
byeaftofBtya. 

RoxBORovoH,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  fltuated  in  Philadelphia  coun- 

RoxBURY,  a  pleaiiint  town  in  Nor- 
folk CO.  MalTaohufetts,  ore  mile  fouth- 
weft  of  Bofton.  The  townfhip  is  now 
divided  into  3  pariflies,  and  wa»  fettled 
in  i6;jo.  In  the  3  pariihes  are  3,326 
inhabiunts.  The  nrft  parifli  in  tliis 
town  has  lately  been  connecfted  with 
Bofton  harbour  by  a  canal.  The  Rev. 
John  Eliot^  the  Ajpoftle  of  the  Indians, 
was  the  iirft  minifter  who  fettled  here. 
He  tranflated  the  Bible,  and  other  pi- 
ous books,  into  the  Indian  language ; 
and  founded  many  religious  focicties  a- 
niong  the  Indians.  Thofe  of  Natick  and 
Mappee,  few  in  number,  remain  to  this 
day.  He  died-  in  1670,  aitcr  being  paf- 
•or  60  years. 

RoxBuRY,  a  townihip  in  the  weft- 
cm  part  of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  hav* 
ing  only  14  inhabitants. 

KoxBURY,  a  townfhip  of  Morris  go. 
Ncw-Jerfey,  on  Mufconecunk  river,  45 
miles  from  its  confluence  with  the  Dei- 
aware,  and  45  miles  north  of  Trenton. 
Near  it  is  a  mineral  fpring. 

Roxo,  a  cape  near  the  S.  W.  part  of 
Porto  Rico  Illand,  and  due  fouth  of 
Cape  Kincon.   N,  lat,  18  11,  W.  long. 

RoVAL  Baf,  is  a  fhort  diftance  to 
the  eaft,  foutherly  of  Boon's  Point,  at 
the  north  part  of  uie  ifland  of  Actiguu 
in  the  Weft-Indies. 

KoY  AL  Vie,  a  Imall  fertile  ifland  in  the 
riYcr  Su  tawrfac«  1  69  miks  bdow 


Lake  Ontario.  The  French  fort  on  it 
was  taken  by  Oen.  Araherft,  in  1760. 

RoYA^*s  Rivert  in  Cumberland  co*. 
Maine,  empties  into  Cafco  Bay,  in  the 
townfhip  of  North- Yarmouth. 

RoYALTON,  a  townfhip  in  Windfor 
co.Vemiont,  north-weft  of  Hartford,  on 
White  river,  and  contains  748  inhabit* 
ants, 

RoY ALSTON,  a  townfhip  of  MafTt- 
chufetts,  Worcefter  co.  40  miles  north- 
weft  by  north  of  Worcefter,  and  70 
north-weft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1665,  and  contains  i,ijo  in- 
habitants. Miller's  river  runs  through 
this  town  from  the  eaft. 

RUATAN,  or  RatfaHfin  ifland  in  the 
Bay  of  Honduras,  8  leagues  from  the 
Mofquito  fliore,  and  about  aoo  weft  by 
foutfa  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  is  30 
rniles  long  and  13  broad,  naturally  for- 
tified with  rocks  and  flroals,  except  the 
entrance  into  tlie  harbour,  which  is  fo 
narrow  tliat  only  one  fhip  can  pafs  it 
at  a  time;  the  harbour  is  one  of  the 
fineft  in  the  world,  and  can  afford  fafe 
anchorage  for  ^00  fail  of  fhips.  It  was 
totally  uninhabited  until  174a,  when  the 
Britifn,  under  the  command  of  Major 
Crawford,  began  a  fettlement,  in  order 
to  protedl  the  log-wood  cutters,  and  fe- 
cure  a  trade  with  the  Spaniards  of  Gu- 
Rtinula,  for  cochineal,  indigo,  &c. 
but  it  was  foon  abandoned,  N.  lat., 
176,  W.  long.  8S  19. 

RuoELRY's  Mi/Js,  in  S.  Carolina,  are 
about  I  a  mile?  north  of  Camden,  near 
the  wefternmoft  branch  of  Lynche's 
Creek.  Here  Gen.  Greene  retreat- 
ed, in  May,  1781,  to  wait  for  reinforce- 
ments, after  his  repulfc  at  Camden,  and 
to  prevent  fupplies  reaching  it. 

K  u  I  s  8  E  ft  u ,  Grand,  a  fettlem  ent  on 
the  eaf^-'n  fide  ot  die  river  Miifilippi, 
and  in  uie  N.  W.  Territory,  which, 
with  tlie  villages  of  St.  Philip  and  Pra- 
ire-du-Rochers,  ;;ontained,  in  179*,  340 
inhabitants. 

Rum  FORD,  See  Cottcerdy  in  New- 
Ilaniplhire. 

RuMi-RAMBA,aplain  near  C^itoin 
Peru,  full  of  larjje  firagniejita  of  rocks, 
thrown  thither  trom  a  volcano,  form- 
erly in  the  famous  mountain  of  Pichin- 
oha. 

Ku M  Key,  one  of  tlie  Bahama  Illands. 
N.  lat.  »3  52,  W,  long.  74  17. 

RuMNEY,or  Ro7»ney,  a  townfhip  of 
New-Harapfhire,  fituated  in  Grafton 
CO,  ou  a  iMtfth  branch  of  Baker's  riy^, 

er, 


hanial  Hands. 


RUT 

er,  abont  t  w  8  miles  north-weft  of  Ply- 
mouth on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Pemigc- 
waffet.  It  was  incorporated  in  1767, 
and  contains  411  inhabiunts. 

Runaway  ^^y,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Antig;iia ;  fituated 
between  th*',  fcrt  on  Corbizon's  Point 
to  the  north,  and  Fort  Hamilton  to  the 
fouth.     Off  it  lie  rocks  and  ilioals. 

Runaway  Urty,  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  weftward  of 
Great  Laughlands  river  and  Mumby 
Bay,  and  9  or  10  miles  caftward  of  Rio 
Bueno. 

Rupert,  the  north-weftemmoft 
townfhii)  of  Bennington  co.  Vermont. 
It  contains  1,033  inhabitants. 

RupERT's^rtry,  at  the  north-weft  end 
of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  affords  good  fbelter  from  the 
winds,  and  is  deep,  capacious  and  Tan- 
dy. It  is  the  principal  bay  of  the  ifl- 
and, and  on  it  is  eredled  the  town  of 
Portfmouth. 

Rupert's  F<^i,  at  the  bottom  of  Hud- 
fon's  Bay,  in  N.  America,  is  fituated  on 
a  river  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  E.  fide 
of  James's  Bay  ;  between  Slade  river  on 
the  north,  and  Nodway  river  on  the 
fouth.  N.  lat.  51  so,  W,  long.  80  5. 

Rupert's  IJlandy  the  moft  wefterly 
of  the  4  Iflands  in  the  ftraits  of  Magel- 
lan, which  form  the  S.  fide  of  Royal 
Reach. 

Russell,  a  co.  of  Virginia,  bounded 
north  by  Greenbrier,  and  fouth  by  Lee 
county.  Before  Lee  was  eredled  out 
of  this  county,  it  contained  3,338  inhab- 
itants, including  190  Haves. 

RusseIl,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhirc 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  15  miles  weft  of 
Springfield,  and  108  weft  by  fouth  of 
Bofton.    It  was  incorporated  in   1792. 

Rutherford,  a  county  of  Morgan 
diftridt,  N.  CaroUna,  bounded  north  by 
Burke  and  fovth  by  the  Sute  of  8.  Care 
lina.  In  1700  it  cohtained  7,808  inhab- 
itants, including  614  flaves  ;  but  a  new 
county  has  been  lately  formed  out  of  it, 

RuTHERFORD,TowN,the  Capital of 
the  above  county.  It  contains  a  court- 
houfe,^  gaol,  and  a  fe\v  dwelling-houfes. 

RuTHs«OROuGH,  aviUagein  Queen 
Anne's  co.  Maryland,  on  Tuckuhoc 
Creek,  6  miles  S,  E.  of  Centerville,  and 
f }  N.  W.  of  Green  (borough, 

Rutland,  a  county  of  Vermont, 
bounded  north  by  Add^n  co.  eaft  by 
Windfor,  fouth  by  Bennington,  and 
weft  by  New-York,    Otter  Cseck,  and 


43 
ax 

9» 


SAB 

other  ftreams,  water  this  roantf .     !l  i 
has  alfo  numerous  lakes  or  ponds,  well  : 
ftorcd  with  fifh  ;  the  cliief  of  thefe,  avc  ' 
Lakes  Bombazon,  and  St.  Auftin  ;  Ae 
former   in  Hubbcrton  and  Caftleton, 
and  the  latter  in  Wells.     It  conuin»  ' 
25  townfhips,  and  15,565  inhabitantSi 
Here  are  14  forges,  3  furnaces,  and  a 
flitting-milh  ; 

Rutland,  a  poft-town  of  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  Ot- 
ter Creek,  ss  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
that  creek  in  Lake  Champlain  ;    57 
miles  northerly  of  Bennington,  45  W.  r 
by  N.  of  Windfor,  and  359  N.  E.  by  N, 
of  Philadelphia,   This  town  and'  Wind- 
for, are  to  be  alternately  the  feat  of 
government  for  the  State.      It  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  a  court-  ■ 
houfe,  and  about  60  houfes.     N.  lat,  '■: 
43  34  30,  W.  long.  72  50  30.      The 
mean    heat    here,    according   to   Dr. 
Williams,  is. 

';•,.  -isfT--  ^-^  •   Leaftheat 
■'■■"■"  J  Greateft  heat 

The  townfhip  contains  1407  inhabitants. 
Pipe  clay  is  found  here,  which  has  beea 
wrought  into  crucibles  that  prove  very 
durable-, 

Rutland,  a  townfhip  of  MafFachu- 
fetts,  Worcefter  co.  14  miles  N.  W.  of 
V/orcefter,  and  56  W.  of  Bofton.   The 
town  was  incorporated  in  1722,  an'd  - 
contains  1072  inhabitants. 

RvE,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hampfhire, 
on  the  fea-coaft  of  Rockingham  co.  op-i 
pofite  the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  8  miles  S, 
of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1 7 19,  and  contains  865  inhabitants. 
'I'he  coaft  affords  excellent  fait  hay. 

RyE.atownihip  of  New- York,  Wefti 
Chefter  co.  on  Long-Ifland  Sound  ;  36 
miles  N.  E.  from  New- York  city.  It 
contains  986  inhabitants,  of  whom  154 
are  qualified  eleftors,  and  123  flaves. 

Ryk.  a  townfiiip  in  Cumberland  co.' 
Pennf  ^  ivania. 

Ryegate,  the  S.  eaftemmoft  town- 
fhip of  Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  and 
feparated  from  Bath  in  New-Hamp- 
fhire on  the  eail,  by  Connefticut  riv»r. 
It  contains  187  inhabitants^..        {^  "'' 

i,.^.,ti  ,,- ,. ,.  ...  ••        ..--^    ,  'V-  -M^;- 
j;*ij  V».f»r;-n-'  •■  ■       '-  .^     ■ 

SABA,  one  of  the  Caribbee  Iflands,  in 
the  Weft-Indies,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch,  about  12  miles  in  circumference. 
I  It  i«  13  miies  N.  W,  ol'  St.  Euftatia, 

and 


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I     i 


V.JJri 


!«  II 


M';:{i;3| 


'  i  .1 


1 

'ill 

|: 

■  ■■  ■:: 

1 

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d 


s  A  e 

■nd  JO  S.  W.  of  St.  Battholomew.    N. 
lit.  17  39,  W.  long,  dj  17. 

Saba,  Lk(/e,  one-oi  the  finaller  Yir- 
gn  Iflands,  fituated  to  the  Ibuth  of  St. 
Thomas,  and  belongs  to  the  Danes. 

Sable,  CapCt  the  fouth-weftcrnmoft 
point  of  the ,  province  of  Nova-Scotia. 
N.  Ut.  43  44,  W.  long.  65  39.  Varia- 
tion of  the  needle,  in  1787,  iz  15  W. 

Sable,  Cape,  die  S.  W.  point  of  the 
^nini'uU  of  Florida  ;  33  leagues  £.  N. 
¥"  i  E.  of  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  Dry 
Tortuga  Shoals.  N.  lat.  24  57,  W. 
Jong.  81  St. 

{jABLE,  Gre/tt  and  LttiU,  two  rivers 
emptying  iQto  Lake  Champlain  from 
^e  weft  fide.  Creai  Sable  River  is  not 
fax  from  the  Saranac,  and  is  fcarcely  60 
yards  wide.  On  this  ftreara  are  re- 
markable falls.  The  whole  defctnt  of 
tlie  water  is  about  aoo  feet,  in  fcveral 
"itchcsi  the  greateft  of  which  is  40  feet 
perpendicnlar.  At  the  foot  of  it  the 
water  is  unfaihomable.  A  large  pine 
has  been  feen.  in  a  ftediet,  to  pitch  over 
endwife^  and  remain  fcveral  minutes 
underwater.  The  rtream  is  confuicd 
by  high  rocks  on  either  C^de,  a  fpace  of 
40  feet ;  and  tlie  banks  at  the  falls  are 
at  leaft  asinany  feet  high.  In  a  frefliet, 
the  flood  wood  frequently  lodges,  and 
in  a  few  minutes  the  water  rifes  to.fuU 
ba^ks,  and  then  bvirils  away  its  obftriicr 
tions,  with  a  moll  tremendous  cralh- 
ing. 

SABtE,  an  ifland  fbuth-eaft  off  Cape 
Breton  35  leagues.  It  is  narrow,  4'  eary* 
and  barreo.  H.  lat.  44  ij,  W.  long.  6c. 

Sable  Point,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Newfoundland.  N.  lat.  50  34, 
W.  long.  57  35. 

Sabl£s>  Riviere  aux.  See  Black 
River,  a  water  of  Lake  Ontario. 

SACAT£COLULA,or  Lacaieculula,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Mexico,  1 1  miles  from 
Lir  jpa  river.  There  is  a  burnipg  moun- 
tain near  the  town  of  the  fame  name. 
The  volcano  of  St.  Salvadore,  is  more 
northerly  about  30  miles,  and  iz  eaft- 
yard  of  Bernal. 

Sxq,  Gra/iac-  Riviere  dii  Cidde,  a  river 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  which 
rifes  in  Montagne  de  la  Selle,  by  two 
branches  ;  takes  a  femicircular  courfe 
ef  la  leagues,  and  runs  weft  ward  into 
the  fea,  about  two  leagues  northwaid 
of  port  an  Prince. 

Sackville,  a  townfhip  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  Cumberland  co.  on  Chegnedo 
JJaiOi},  called  hy  \^  f  ieaeh.0«ftu  Hi&m^ 


*S^_  ^ '. 


-Uj.-..;-'lt'"'f:'^^u-v/. 


^  A  ^ 

and  Tintamare,  aud  the  N.  fide  of  the 
river  au  Lac. 

Saco  Falls,  rituate4  on  Saco  river,  are 
5  miles  from  the'fea.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  Indiaii  Ifland,  cunfifting  of 
about  30  acres  of  land,  and  On  each  lide 
of  it  tumbles  over  a  precipice,  of  rocks, 
and  mixes  with  the  tide.  The  profpeft 
from  the  eaft  fide  of  the  ifland  is  very 
fublime  and  majeftic.  From  the  begin- 
njr^  of  the  £ills,  to  the  tide  below,  th« 
dinereace  of  height  is  above  40  feet. 
There  are  many  corn  a^id  faw-n)ills ; 
on  the  falls,  ana  below  the  ifland  ia  a 
fine  balbn,  where  vcflels  take  in  their 
cargoes.  Salmon  Falls  arc  lo  miles 
above  this. 

Saco  River  Is  one  of  the  three  largeft 

rivers  in  this  d^ilric^.     The  principal 

part  of  its  waters  fall  from  the  White 

Mountains.    Its  courfe,  fome  diitance 

from  its  fource,is  iuuthwardiy  ;  it  then 

fuddenly  bends  to  the  Criit,  and  crofTes 

inio  die  Diftrift  of  Maine»  and  then 

makes  a  large  bead  to  the  N.  £.  and 

S,  W.  embracing  the  fine  townfhip  of 

Fryeburg,  in  the  county  of  York.    Its 

general  courfe  thenceto  the  fea  is  S.  £. 

Great  andLitde  Ofiape^  rivers  fall  into 

it  from  the  weft.    This  rivur  is  naviga. 

ble  for  fhips  to  Saco  Falls,  about  6  mues 

from  the  fea.    Here  the  river  is  broken 

by  Indian  Iftaqd,  ovei!  which  is  the  poft* 

road.    A  bridge  is  thrown  over  each  of 

'  the  branches.    A  nuvnber  of  mills  are 

erefted  here,  to  which  logs  are  floated 

from  40  or  50  miles  above  ;  and  velTels 

can  come  quite  to  the  mills  to  take  in 

the  lumber.    Four  million  feet  of  pine 

boards  were  annually  fawed  at  theft; 

Kiills  before  d^e  war*    The  mouth  of 

this  river  lies  4  miles  £.  of  Cape  For. 

poife.    There  is  a  Ixar  which  will  not 

allow  a  veflel  of  above  100  tons  burden 

to  pais,  if  fiilly  loaded.    Without  the 

bar,  and  between  JFletcher's  Neck  and 

the  main  land,  is  a  pool,  wherein  velTels 

of  any  fize  may  lie  at  all  feafons  of  the 

year,  and  take  in  their  ladings  at  pleaf- 

ure.    On  the  weil  (\At  of  the  river  a 

fmall  neck  of  land  divides  it  from  the 

pool,  which  roigltt  be  eafily  cut,  and  lb 

fave  the  hazard  of  pafling  die  bar.   On 

the  branches  of  this  r^TKf,  as  well  as  on 

the  main  ftream,  are  a  jgriat  many  n>ills 

and  valuable  works :  30  mikfi  from  the 

fea,  a  fmall  ftream,  iiming  from  Little 

OlTapee  pood,  in  New-Bampfhire,  joins 

it ;  and  ao  miles  further  up  Great  Ofla- 

fiee  rivw,  XroBO  anotlier  pond,  in  New 

•   vj,  i- ,i  (^  u_, .  , ;.        Hanipflwe, 


.  Ude  o£  the 

CO  riveriare 
river  is  hprc 

;onfifting_of 
an  each  lide 
yce  of  rocks, 
I'he  prolpcft 
fland  is  very 
MB  the  begin- 
,e  below,  th« 
)Ovc  40  feet. 
d  faw-niills ; 
le  ifland  i»  a 
take  in  thtir 
arc   10  miles 

e  three  largeft 
rhe  princii>al 
)ra  the  White 
fome  diftance 
ardly ;  it  then 
it,  and  croffes 
inci  and  then 
the  N.  E.  and 
oe  townihip  ol 
of  York.    Its 
Uie  fea  is  S.  £. 
f  rivers  fall  into 
liver  is  naviga-. 
s,  about  6  mfles 
river  is  broken 
nch  is  the  poit' 
ivn  over  each  of 
36  r  of  mille  are 
logs  are  floated 
ve }  and  veflels 
(jills  to  take  in 
on  feet  of  pine 
fawed  at  tbefe 
The  mouth  ol 
i.  of  Cape  Por. 
which  will  not 
100  tons  burden 
,.    Without  the 
her'a  Neck  and 
,  wherdn  veffeU 
I  feaibns  of  the 
ladings  at  pleaf- 
;  of  me  river  a 
ides  it  firom  the 
afily  cut,  and  fo 
og  the  bar.    Oa 
ef ,  as  well  as  on 
lat  many  mills 
,  milcfi  from  the 
ing  from  Little 
■iampihire,  joins 
up  Great  Ofla- 
pond,  in  New- 
llaTiipflwt«:i 


S  Afe 

ttampfhire,  fwclls  the  Saco,  and  imt)cls 
its  courfe.  Proceeding  up  the  Saco,  its 
foiirce  is  found  on  the  Tide  of  the  White 
Mountains,  in  New-Hamp(hire.  From 
thefe  mountains  the  waters  run  into 
Conne(fticut,  Saco,  and  Androfcoggin 
rivers.  Saco  river  hieanders  through 
the  ancient  Indian  village  of  PeckwM- 
ket,  60  miles  from  the  fea.  In  17  751  a 
new  river  burll  into  the  Sacoj  from  the 
White  Mountains,  and  ftill  continues 
to  aid  Sacd  and  a  branch  of  it,  called 
Ellis's  river.  A  mixture  of  iron  ore, 
gave  the  waters  a  red  colour  for  a  few 
days,  and  the  people  on  the  upper 
banks  had  a  report,  that  the  river  was 
bloody,  which  they  confidered  as  an  ill 
omen  to  the  public  concerns. 

Sacrament,  A/,  the  S.  wefternmoft 
Portugueie  fettlement  in  Brazil,  being 
oppoHte  to  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  ibuth- 
ern  (ide  of  the  river  La  Plata.  It  is 
alfo  called  SacratHetitt  QJoniat  and  was 
taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  17621  after  a 
month's  fiege  ;  but  by  the  treaty  of 
peace  it  was  reilored. 

SACRiFicts  IJlandt  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  New>Mexico,  is  about  3  miles  weft- 
ward  of  a  fmall  ifland  called  the  Water- 
ing Ulandi  and  i»  miles  from  Coiula 
river. 

Saddle-Back,  an  idand  in  Hudfon's 
Bay.  N.  lat.  67  7,  W.  long.  68  13. 
It  lies  nearly  due  weft  of  Terra  Nieva. 

Saddle  Rivera  a  village  in  Dergen 
CO.  New-Jerfey. 

Saosbury,  a  tovlrnfhip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Sagadahoc  K  wslS  formerly  the  name 
of  Kennebeck  river,  in  the  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  after  it  receives  Androfcoggin 
river.  See  Kefmcbeck  River,  and  Merry 
Meeting  Bay. 

Saga  da  HOCK,  a  great  part  of  tJie 
DifiriA  of  Maine  was  formerly  fo  call- 
ed.   In  the  grant  by  King  Cnaries  II. 
to  his  brother  the  Duke  of  York,  Uiis 
territory  was  defcribed  in  the  fdlowtng 
I  manner.    '*  All  that  prt  of  the  main 
land  of  New-England,  be^nning  at  a 
certain  place  called  St«  Croix,  adjoining 
to  New-Scotland  in  America,  and  fix>m 
ItheiKei  exten^ns  along  the  fea-eoaft,  to 
I  a  certab  place  csuled  Pimaquin,  or  Pema- 
I  quid,and  fo  vft  the  river  thereof  to  its  fiir- 
Itheft  head  as  it  tdnds  to  ihit  northward, 
Itttd  extending  from  thence  totheriv* 
Kr  Q«€R0bic«  imd  fo  up  tyy  the  ihorteft 
|cuuile  to  the  river  of  Canada  north- 

irafcL*"  Tliistra€twa3calkddwDtike 


8  A  (}        ^ 

of  York's  Property,  and  wa«  flnrtexli 
to  the  government  of  New-York.  At 
the  revolutioft,  in  1688,  it  reverted  to 
the  crown. 

Sac  amomd,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.Tcr* 
ritory,  which  has  a  fouth-e;ill  courfe, 
and  enters  Illinois  river,  30  miles  bclov 
Demi  Quian  river,  and  135  frcMn  the 
Mifrifipi  i.  It  is  100  yards  wide  at  ita 
mouth,  and  is  navigable  for  fmall  boats 
or  canoe?  upwards  of  180  miles. 

Saoatuck  River,  a  fmall  river  of 
Conne<5ticut,  which  rifcs  in  Ridgeficld, 
in  Fairfield  co.  pafies  through  kcadinsj 
and  Wcfton,  and  running  fuuthwarn* 
feparates  Fairfield  from  Norwalk,  and 
empties  into  a  harbour  of  its  own  name 
in  Long-Ifland  Sound. 

Saganaum,  or  Sagana  hay^  in  the 
fouth-weft  part  of  Lake  Huron,  is  about 
80  miles  in  length,  and  18  or  ao  miles 
broad.  Around  it  live  the  Chippewacy 
Indians. 

Sagendago,  a  head  branch  of  Hud- 
fon's  river.  Its  mouth  is  about  ao  milia 
weft  of  Fort  Anne. 

Sagg  Harbour,  a  poft-town  and 
port  of  entry  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
Suffolk  CO.  at  the  eaft  end  of  LOng-Ifl-* 
and.  It  contains  a  Prefbyterian  church 
and  about  50  nodes.  The  whale  fifhery 
from  this  harbour,  produced  1,000  bar^ 
rels  of  oil  annu^lry.  Its  exports  in 
1784  amounted  to  the  value  of6,7fl» 
dollars.  It  is  13  tmles  north-weft  oF' 
Southampton.  107  eaft  Of  New- York, 
and  202  nortb-eaft  by  eaft  of  Philadel« 
phta. 

Saguana,  a  bay  in  the  north-eaft 
corner  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on  thi 
coaft  of  Florida,  havihg  numerous  iffea 
on  both  fides  j  CayoS  del  Pagoi  on  thd 
fouth-eaft,  and  Fardlon  de  Pagoi  on  the^ 
north-weftward. 

Saguenaj,  or  Sa^ueny,  a  largd  riv- 
er of  Canada  which  nfes  from  Lake  St. 
John,  and  after  purfuing  an  eafteriy 
courfe  above  100  miles,  empties  tlirougn 
the  weft  bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
at  the  town  and  harbour  of  Tadouflac. 
It  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  wid>: 
at  its  moudi,  and  is  from  80  to  90  fath- 
oms decp»  but  higher  up  it  is  wider ;, 
and  the!  nanowriefs  of  tlie  channel  great- 
ly increufes  its  rapidity,  though  it  is  nav- 
igable for  the  largeft  vefTels  aj  teagu€» 
from  its  mouth.  The  harbour,  called 
PortTadouifac,  can  afford  convenient  an- 
.  chorage  for  %$  iaflbf  fhips  of  war,  and ' 
is  well  liscuredfromall^ndsand  ftdrm«l 

It 


•    •) 


)  1 


ti>i  •! 


m 


ill 


8  A  t* 


8  AX 


It  Is  deep,  of  a  circular  form,  and  lur- 
I'oundedata  diftance  with  very  high 
rocks,  except  at  the  entrance.  A  fmall 
jlream  empties  into  it,  fufficient  to  wa- 
ter a  ileet.  The  country  in  the  vicinity 
tibounds  with  marble. 

Sag  u  EN  A  V  River,  Litilf^  a  river  of 
Labrador,  which  runs  foutliward,  and 
empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  fhort 
Way  eaftward  of  the  Seven  Ifles,  and 
wellward  of  Bafon  river.    N<  lat.  jo  1 8, 

W.  bng.  6s'  ,    H    <  ^ .     r  . 

SaiI'Inc  C<yOe,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  ^Newfoundland,  in  the  great  bay 
-Wherein  is  (ituatcd  the  bay  of  Trepalli. 
Jt  is  6  miles  N.  of  Cape  Pme. 
J  Sail  Beck.  Ses  St.  Atubrtje. 
?■  St.  Ann,  Capet  on  the  Ibuth  (ide  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  iiear  its  mouth, 
iind  on  the  north  coaft  of  the  diflrid  of 
Oafpee,  in  Lower  Canada ;  foudierly  of 
Cape  Chat.  N.lat.4£(  29,  W.  long.  63  43> 

St.  Anne's,  a  fettlement  on  the  ealt 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  which  has 
a  harbour* 

St.  Anne's  TJlandst  3  iOands  htuated 
in  th«  bay  of  St.  Louis  de  Maragu&n, 
en  the  c'oait  of  Eirazil,  S.  America. 

Saints,  3  iflands  near  Guadaloupe 
Ifland.     See  Zaintes. 

Sal,  La,  a  river  of  New  Spaioj.  See 
Culiacart. 

Sal,  Rio  tagta  ie,  or  River  ^  the 
6aU  LakeyOTi  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  about 
j9  miles  fouth- Weft  of  Salgado  river. 

SALt  Bat,  or  Baia  Saluda ^  called 
fllfo  Salinut  is  30  Allies  north  oF  Cape 
Tontoral,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and  on 
tiie  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  has  a  good 
fhip.foad,  which  is  much  fefortcd  to  by 
coafting  veAels,  for  loading  fait  as  well 
as  other  produce.  Good  frefh  water 
taay  be  had  i>ear  the  road. 

SaLava,  an  ifland  in  the  Weft-In- 
dlies,  whofe  porth-eaft  jpoint  liesialat. 
10  591  N.  and  long.  64  i»  W. 

Sal  ADA,  or  Salt  Rher,  on  the  coaft 
of  Peru,  is  within  the  harbour  of  Pbas, 
on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean. 

Sal  A  GO  A,  Port,  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
New-Mexico,  is  near  the  rough  head 
land  catted  San  Tiago,  and  Z  league^ 
fi-om  the  Valley  of  CoKma.  Here  are  a 
good  harbours  called  Las  .Calletasy  or 
the  Creeks,  where  nwny  (hips  m^y  ride. 
That  to  the  N .  W.  is  very  fate,  aqd  land- 
locked  againft  all  windSj  thougTv  fmall- 
er  than  the  ot^er.  Between  Salugua 
anrf  the  White  Rock  (which  joins  the 
hcadr-Ianil)  is  the  iioirt'  i>f  St.  Tioita. 


Salamanca  de  Bacafar,  a  fmall 
but  flourifliing  toWn  of  Mexico,  on  the 
eaft  (ide  of  the  ifthmus  which  joins  the 
peninfult  of  Yucatan  to  the  continent. 
It  contains  about  lao  houfes,  witJi  a 
bad  fort  and  a  fmall  garrifon,  to  pre- 
vent contraband  trade.  N.  tat.  17  2, 
W.  long.  90  30. 

Sa  LA  MAN  IB  Riviere,  a  river  of  tlie 
N.  W.  Territory  which  empties  into 
the  Waba(h  from  the  N.  N.  £.  14  miles 
below  the  river,  on  the  oppofite  (ide 
called  licor  a  Amelins,  and  365  miles 
above  Poft  St.  Vincent.  It  rifes  by  two 
branches,  which  unite  about  35  miles 
from  its  mouth,  which  lies  in  lat.  41 3 
30  N.  and  long.  86  25  W. 

Salem,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  (ituated  on  Mulkin- 
gum  river.  It  Was  forfaken  in  178:, 
and  plundered  by  the  Indians,  who  wers 
allies  of  the  Bdtilh  atmyj 

Salem,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in  tbe 
N.  W.  Territory,  (ituated  on  the  north- 
eaft  branch  of  Monongahela  river ;  5 
miles  from  Gnadeohutten,  on  the  oppo< 
fite  (ide  of  tho  river,  and  78  miles  weft 
of  Pittfburg.  Gongrefs  granted  4,000 
acres  of  land  to  the  Unite]^  brethren,  or 
Moravians,  Sept.  3,  1788,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  propagatine  the  Chriftian  relig- 
ion among  the  heaUien. 

Salem,  Neiut  a  Moravian  fettlement 
of  Chriftian  Indians,  on  Huron  river, 
and  near  Pettquotting,  on  the  fouth  iide 
of  Lake  Erie.  The  plantations  are  as 
the  weft  bank  of  the  river,  and  the 
dwelling-hoCifes  on  the  eaft  (ide,  which 
is  high  land.  In  June,  1786,  their  new  I 
chapel  was  confecrated,  and  is  better  | 
built  than  that  at  Pillgerruh. 

Salem,  a  county  of  ^etv-JerfeyJ 
bounded  eaft  by  Cumberland,  and  weft  I 
by  Delaware  river.  It  is  divided  into 
9  townlhips ;  thofe  on  Delaware  rivcM 
are  generally  excellent  for  pafture,  and! 
have  large  dairies,  "the  land  afford<>,l 
befides,  fine  banked  meadows,  which  I 
produce  flax,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  I 
other  grain  ;  but  the  people  are  fubjefll 
to  intermittent  fevers.  Here  the  Qua.  I 
kers  have  4  meeting-houfes,  the  Pre(Fy| 
terians  4,  the  £piicopalians  3,  the  An- 1 
abaptifts  3,  and  the  German  Lutheraml 
one.  It  contains  10,437  inhabitants  [ 
Alloway  Creek,  in  im  county,  which  I 
runs  into  the  Delaware,  is  navigable  )6| 
miles  for  ihaljops.  with  feveral  obftruc-f 
tions  of  draw-bridges. 

SalcM(  a  poft.towQ  of  ^rsw-Jerfeyj 

and 


SAL 


SAL 


tnd  capital  of  Salem  co.  iltuated  on  a 
branch  of  Salera  Creek,  about  3A  miles 
frqpi  its  confluence  with  Delaware  bay. 
It  contains  a  nieeting<houfe  for  Baptilts, 
one  for  Quakers,  and  one  for  Method- 
iils ;  a  court-houfe,^  saul,  and  about 
lOQ  huufcs,  molt  of  them  built  with 
brick,  and  many  of  them  elegant. 
There  is  a  wooden  bridge  over  the  creek, 
and  fo  far  veflels  of  40  or  50  tons  bur- 
den can  go  up.  It  is  30  miles  noith- 
weft  of  Bridgetown,  zi  fouth  by  weft 
of  Woodfto<vn,  and  37  fouth-weft  by 
foutli  of  Pliiladelphia. 

Sai.£m,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  Or- 
leans CO.  at  the  fouth  end  of  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog. 

SALhM,iV<rw,  atownfhipin  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  Hampihire,  in  the  fouth-welt 
comer  of  the  county,  adjoining  Pluf- 
tow,  and  divided  from  Mcthuen  by  the 
Mailachuietts  line.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1750,  and  contains  iai8  inhabitants. 

b.ALHu,  a  port  of  entry  and  puft- 
town  of  MafTachufetts,  and  the  capital 
of  Eflex  CO.  4  miles  north-weft  of  Mar- 
blehead,  19  north  by  eaft  of  Bofton, 
and  365  north-eaft  by  north  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  the  fecond  town  for  iize 
in  the  Commonwealth,  containing  (in 
1790)  938  houfes  and  7911  inhabitants, 
and,  except  Plymouth,  tlie  oldeft,  was 
fettled  in  1628,  by  Governor  Endicot, 
and  was  called  by  the  Indians,  Naum- 
keag.  Here  are  a  fociety  of  Quakers, 
an  Epifcupal  church,  and  5  Congrejga- 
tional  focieties.  The  town  is  fituated 
on  a  peninfula,  formed  by  two  fmall  in- 
lets of  the  lea,  called  North  and  South 
rivers.  The  former  of  thefe  pafles  in- 
to Beverly  harbour,  and  has  a  draw- 
bridge acrofs  it,  built  many  years  ago 
at  private  expenfc.  At  this  place  fume 
part  of  the  Ihipping  of  the  town  is  fit- 
ted out  i  but  the  principal  harbour  and 
place  for  buiinefs  is  on  the  other  (ide 
of  the  town,  at  South  river,  if  that  may 
propferly be  called  a  riverwhich  depends 
on  the  flowing  of  the  fea  for  the  water 
it  contains.  t>o  flioul  is  this  harbour, 
that  Teflels  which  draw  more  than  10  or 
sz  feet  of  water,  muft  be  laden  and  un- 
laden at  a  diftance  from  the  wharvos  by 
the  alEftance  of  lighters.  Notwith- 
ftandiog  this  inconvenience,  more  nav- 
igation IS  owned,  and  more  trade  ear- 
ned on  in  Salem,  than  in  any  port  in 
the  Commonwealth,  Bofton  excepted. 
The  filhery,  the  trade  to  the  Weft-In- 
dies, to  £iuopej  to  the  coaft  of  Afiica, 
X  X 


to  the  Eaft-Indies,  and  the  frdghtina 
buhnefs  from  the  fouthem  States,  are 
here  all  purfued  with  energy  and  (pirit,  JJ 
A  bank  was  eftabliflied  and  incorpora- 
ted here  in  i79».  The  enterprife  of 
the  merchants  of  this  place  is  equalled 
by  nothing  but  their  indefatigable  in- 
duftry  and  fevere  economy.  This  Ut- 
ter virtue  forms  a  diftinguilhing  feature 
in  the  charader  of  the  people  of  iPiis 
town.  Some  pcrfons  of  rank,  in  former 
times,  having  carried  it  to  an  unbecom- 
ing length,  gave  a  character  to  the  peo- 
ple in  general,  of  a  difgraceful  pariinio- 
ny.  But  whetlier  this  reproach  was  ov- 
er juftly  applied  in  lb  exteniive  a  nieaf- 
ure  or  not,  nothing  can  be  more  injuri- 
ous than  to  continue  it  at  the  prefent 
time ;  for  it  mav  juftly  be  faid  ot  the  in- 
habitants of  Salem  at  this  day,  that, 
with  a  laudable  attention  to  the  acciui- 
fition  of  property,  they  exhibit  a  public 
fpirit  and  hofpitality,  alike  honourable 
to  tlienAfelves  and  their  country.     A 

fjenerai  plainnefs  and  neatnefs  in  drefs, 
)uildings  and  equipage,  and  a  certain 
lliilnefs  and  gravity  ot  manner,  perliapa 
in  fome  degree  peculiar  to  commercial 
people,  diftmguiih  them  from  the  citi- 
zens of  the  metropolis.  It  is  indeed  to 
be  wilhed  that  the  Ibber  induftry  here 
fo  univerfally  pradtifed,  may  become 
more  exteniive  through  the  Union,  and 
form  the  national  clmradter  of  Federal 
Americans.  _  A  couit-houfe,  built  in 
1786,  at  the  joint  expenfe  of  the  coun- 
ty and  town,  foim*  a  principal  ornat 
ment,  and  is  executed  in  a  ftyle  of  ar- 
chitedure  that  would  add  to  the  ele- 
gance of  any  city  in  the  Union.  The 
iupieme  judicial  court  holds  a  term 
here  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  November, 
the  courts  of  common  pleas  and  fef- 
fions,  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  March 
and  September.  A  manufactory  of 
duck  and  fail-cloth  was  lately  inftituted 
here,  and  is  profecuted  with  mucii  Ipir- 
it.^  The  melancholy  deluficn  of  i69J» 
refpeding  witchcratt,  originated  in  this 
town,  in  the  family  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Paris,  the  til  en  miuiJter,  and  here  was  the 
principal  theatre  of  the  bloody  butiqels. 
At  the  upper  end  of  the  town,*at  a  place 
called,  from  the  number  of  executions 
which  took  place  there,  Galloi^s  M//, 
the  grav  is  of  the  unhappy  fufferers  may 
yet  be  traced.  Though  tliis  unibrtuuaie 
and  difgraceful  buhnefs  was  chieHy 
tranladed  here,  it  is  well  known  that 
the  leading  people,  both  uf  church  and 

State, 


\. 


i  1 


\i 


■l!i;!," 


m 


J-! 


ma 


III 


nun  ill 


i 


SAL 

State,  In  the  colony,  tool;  an  a^ive  i>;ut 
in  it.  Unjuft  therefore  and  highly  ab- 
i\ivd  it  is  to  fix  a  peculiar  odium  on  the 
town  of  Salem  for  what  was  the  general 
weaknel's  or  crime  of  the  ountrv.  The 
town  of  Salem  is  conneded  with  Bev- 
erly by  Eflex  bridge,  upwards  of  1500 
feet  in  length,  erected  in  1789.  It  is 
high  water'liere,  at  full  kind  change,  10 
mmutes  after  1 1  o'clock.  The  works 
for  the  defence  of  the  harbour  coniiil 
of  a  fort  and  citadel.  A  gate  remains 
to  be  made  and-  fome  repairs  to  the 
walls.  Salem  Village  ;  fee  Danvers.- 
K.  lat.  4»  30,  W.  lon^..  70  50. 

Salbm,  a  townfhip  m  Weft-Chefttr 
CO.  New- York,  bounded  eaftsrly  and 
foutherly  by  the  State  of  Conncdicut, 
and  wefterly  by  Poundridge  and  Bed- 
ford townfhips  and  Croton  riv«r.  It 
contains  1453  inhabitants  ;  of  whom 
4o»  are  dehors,  and  19  flaves. 

Salem,  a  townfhip  on  the  E. bounds 
of  Walhington  co.  New- York,  bound- 
ed  wefterly  by  Argyle,  and  Ibutherly 
by  Albany  co.  It  contains  a, 186  inhab- 
itants ;  of  whom  368  are  ele^ors,.  and 
a  2  ilavcs.- 

SALEikf,  the  name  of  two  townlbips 
of  Pfennfyhania,  the  one  in  Luzerne  co.. 
the  other  in  that  of  Weftmorelandi 

Salew,  a  pofl-town  of  North-Caroj- 
lina,  Stokes  co.  on  the  W.  fide  of  Wack 
Creek,  which  with  other  ftreams  forms 
the  Gargalis,  and  empties  into  Yadkia 
river.  It  contains  above  100  houi'es, 
regularly  built,  and  chiefly  occupied  hy 
tradefmen.  A  paper-mill  has  been 
eredhd  here  by  the  Moravians,  which 

very  ufeful.  The  Moravians  formed 
tiiis  fettlenient  in  ij6(>.  It  is  i6  miles 
S.  E.  of  Ararat  or  Pilot  mountain,  ^5 
N.  E.  by  N.  of  Sahfbury,  and  5  3 1  S.  W. 
by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Salem,  the  chief  town  of  Surry  co. 
in  Saliibury  diftrift,  North-Carolina. 

SALFoap)  Upper  and  Loiudr,  two 
townlhips  in  Montgomery  co»  Pfennfyl- 
vania. 

Salgado,  a  river  on  the  S.  coart  of 
Brazil,  13  leagues  N.E.  of  Rio  Lagoa 
<le  Sal,  or  Salt  I/ake  river.  It  is  navi- 
gable only  for  fmall  boats,  but  the  har- 
bour is  very  good,  lying  behind  the 
fands. 

Salinas,  on  the  weft  fliore  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  lies  northward  of  Pa- 
nuico  river,  and  nearly  under  the  tropic 
«f  Cancer.    W.  long.  99  30. 

bAiLmAs,  Qapcf  on  the  coaft  of  Ter- 


SAL 

ra  rlrma,  lies  oppofite  the  N.  W.  poiirf 
of  the  ifland  of  Trinidad,  which  forms 
the  pafl'age  called  the  Gulf  of  Paria  ; 
30  leagues  S.  or  S.  by  W.'from  Cap« 
Tres  Puntas,  or  Three  Points. 

Salinas  Gulf,  on  the  well  coaft  of" 
Mexico,  N.  W.  of  the  ifland  of  Cano, 
which  is  N.  N.  W.  of  Cape  Haruco. 
The  ifland  Cano  is  in  lat.  8  40  N. 

Salinas,  Great,  or  Salt  Bay,  on  tha 
coaft  of  Brazil,  is  fouth-eaft  of  Cape 
Cors»  The  entrance  into  the  harbour 
is  in  lat.  3  40  fouth,  and  N.E.  from  it3 
mouth,  he  Salinas  Shoals,  or  Baxos  de 
Salina.  It  is  a  noted  harbour  for  fhips 
coming  to  load  fait. 

Salinas,  a  harbour  «n  the  coaft  of 
Per-i,  bcLween  Partridge  Strand,  and 
Guaco,  which  diftance  is  ai  miles  north 
of  the  Rock,  called  Maltcli,  the  outer- 
moft  of  tlut  group  of  rocks.  This 
haibour  affords  nothing  but  fhelter. 

SALiNAs^a  point  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  has  to  the 
N.  N.  W.  the  celebrated  bay  of  Ocoa, 
which  laft  is  18  leagues  W.  S.  W.  of 
tlie  city  of  St.  Domingo., 

Salinas  Shoals,  due  north  from  the 
fhore  of  the  north  coaft  of  Brazil  i» 
iniles,  but  are  joined  to  it  by  a  reef  of 
land  I  a  miles  in  length>  and  about  half 
a  mile  m  breadth  ;  and  on  which  no 
large  fhips  muft  venture.  They  lie  off 
the  harbour  of  Salinas  ;  and  ought  to 
be  attended  to  by  fhips  that  come  out  ;o 
the  N.  E.  from  that  harbour.- 

Saline,  a  hamlet,  commonly  called 
the  Saline,  in  Louifiana,  fituated  on  the 
weft  baak  of  the  river  MifHfippi,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  creek,  4  miles  below  St. 
Genevieve..  Here  all  the  fait  is  made 
which  is  uied  in  the  Ilhnois  country^ 
from  a  lalt  fpring  which  is  at  this  place. 
It  is  near  o  miles  S.  W.  by  S.  from  Kaf- 
kafkias  village. 

Salines,  a  bay  near  the  S.  E.  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Martinico,.and  weftwarji 
of  the  point  fo  calkdi 

Salisbury,  a  fertile  diftrift  of  N.. 
Carolina,  which  comprehends  the  coun- 
ties of  Rockingham^  Guilford,  Mont- 
gomery,. Stokes,  Surry,  Iredell,  Rowan,. 
Cabarras,  and  Mecklenburg.  It  is- 
bounded  N.  by  the  the  State  of  Virginia, 
and  S.  by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina.  Iron 
ore  is  found  in  feveral  parts,  and  works 
have  been  eredted  which  manufadture 
pig,  .bar-iron,  &c.  to  confiderable 
amount ;  tobacco  of  good  quality  is 
cultivated  here,  and  the  planters  are 


■^■fv'>«'i?*!^?f..3' 


wulthy. 


ch  torins 
)f  Paria  ; 
om  Cape 

i  coaft  of 

of  Cano, 
:  Haruco. 
oN. 

ay,  on  the- 
;  of  Cape 
e  harbour 
I.  from  its 

BaKOS  de 
j:  for  Ihipa 

le  coaft  of 
:rand,  and 
miles  north 
the  outer- 
:k8.  ThU 
:  {helter. 
fouth  coaft 
,  has  to  the 
ly  of  Ocoa, 
.  S.  W.  of 

th  from  the 
I:  Brazii  i*, 
by  aiecf  of 
d  about  half 
k"  which  no 
Fhey  lie  off 
d  ought  to 
come  out  ;o 

lonly  called 
latea  on  the 
ippi,  at  the 
J  below  St. 
alt  is  made 
jis  countryr 
t  this  place. 
).  from  Kaf- 


ftrift  of  N^ 
is  the  coun- 
brd,  Mont- 
ell,  Rowanr 
rg.  It  ift^ 
of  Virginia, 
olina.  Iron 
and  works 
aanufafture 
sonfiderable 
quality  >» 
^antefs  are 
w«»ltb^» 


X] 


•      S  Al, 

wealthy.     It  contains  66,480  inhabit- 
ants, ot  whom  only  8,1^8  are  Haves. 

Salubukv,  the  capitiJ  of  the  above 
diftrid,  and  a  poft-town,  is  fituated  in 
Kuwan  co.  on  the  N,  W.  fide  of  Cane 
Creek,  about  ,f  miles  horn  its  junt^tion 
with  Yadkin  river.  It  contains  a  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  100  houlcs.  It 
is  a  fluurilhitig  place,  in  the  midil  of  a 
fine  country,  and  lies  about  25  miles  S. 
of  tlie  Moravian  fettlemeiits,  iii  W.  S. 
W.  of  Halifax,  no  W.  s.  W.  of  Hillf- 
borough,  144  N.  W.by  W.  of  Fayette- 
ville,  and  567  S.  W..  of  Philadelphia. 
W.  lat.  35  47,  W.  long.  80  17. 

Salisbury,  a  townlhip  in  EfTex  co. 
Ma/1'achufetts  ',  is  divided  into  two  par- 
iihes.  The  moll  ancient  fetticment  in 
this  town,  is  in  tl^e  lower  purilh,  at 
which  place  the  general  court  of  tlie 
former  province  of  Mallachuletts  Bay 
was  fometimes  held.  The  part  of  the 
town  at  prefent  moft  flourilhing,  is  a 
j)oint  of  land  formed  by  the  jundion  of 
Merrimack  and  Powow  rivers.  Here 
is  a  village  very  pleafantly  lituated  on 
the  bank  of  the  Merrimack,  where,  be- 
fore the  revolution  war,  fhip-building 
was  carried  on  to  a  confidcrable  extent, 
which,  though  now  much  decreafed,  is 
fiill  not  wholly  laid  alide  ;  and  tJiis, 
with  its  auxiliary  trades,  and  fome  little 
navigation,  owned  aod  fitted  here,  give 
the  place  avery  lively  and  bufy  appear- 
ance. The  continental  frigate  jf/iance, 
was  built  at  this  place,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Hackct,  a  very  rclpcaablc 
naval  archite<ft.  It  is  between  3  and  4 
miles  northerly  of  Newbury-Port,  and 
46  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1640,  and  contains  1780  inhabit- 
ants.   See  Ponvonv  River. 

SAi.isBURy,a  townihip  of  Vermont, 
on  Otter  Creek,  in  Addifon  co.  Trout 
Fond,  or  Lake  Dunmore,  5  miles  long, 
and  %  broad,  is  in  this  town.  It  con- 
tains 446  inhabitants,  and  is  15  miles 
E.  by  N..  of  Mount  Independence. 

Salisbury,  a  confidcrable  agricul- 
tural townfWp  in  Hilliborough  co.  New- 
Hampfhire.  It  is  fituated  on  the  weft 
iide  of  Merrimack  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Blackwater  river,  and  oppofite  to 
Canterbury;  10  or  la  miles  northerly 
of  Concord.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1768,  and  contains  137a  inhabitants. 

Salisbury,  the  H^iaiiac  of  the  In- 
4ians,  is  the  north-weilemmoll  town- 
ftip  of  Connefticut,  Litchfield  co. 
having  Mdffachuifetts  N.  and  New-York 


......  «AL       .     , 

weft.  Here  arc  fcveral  forges  and  iron- 
works  and  a  paper-mill.  During  the 
late  war  fevcral  pieces  of  cannon  were 
caft  in  this  town. 

Salisbury,  a  town  of  Delaware, 
Newcaftle  co.  on  the  north  iirlc  of 
Duck  Creek,  on  the  fourii  line  of  the 
coimty  ;  9^  miles  8.  E.  of  Noxtown, 
and  la  N.  W.  of  Dover. 

Salisbury,  the  name  of  two  town- 
fliips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lan- 
calter  co.  the  other  in  that  of  North- 
ampton. 

Salisbury,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
land, lituated  on  the  eaftern  flmre  of 
Chcfapeak'Bay,  in  Somerfet  county,  be- 
tween the  two  princip.d  branches  of 
Wicomico  river.  It  contains  about  30 
houfcs,  and  carries  on  a  confidcrable 
lumber  tr:ide.  It  is  5  miles  ibuth  of  the 
Delaware  State  line,  ao  N.  W.  of  Snow- 
Hill,  15  S.W.  of  Vienna,  a  port  of  entry, 
and  163  S.by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Salisbury,  a  fmall  town  of  Vir- 
ginia, a6  miles  from  Alexandria,  ao 
Irom  Lcefburg,  and  18a  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Salisbury,  an  illand  at  the  weft 
end  of  Hudfon's  Straits,  eaft  of  Not- 
tingham Illand.  N.  lat.  63  29,  W.  long. 
76  47' 

Salisbury  Paini  forms  the  north 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  Merrimack  river, 
or  Newbury  harbour,  in  MaflTachufetts. 
N.  lat.  4a  49,  W.  long.  70  54. 

Sallagua,  a  harbour  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  New  Mexico,  which  aftbrds 
good  anchorage.  N.  lat.  18  5  a.  Sec 
Sulagua. 

Salmon  Fall,  the  name  of  Pifcat- 
aqua  river  from  its  head  to  the  Lower 
Falls  at  Berwick.  See  Pq/cataqux 
Rlver^ 

Salmon  Falls,  vn  Saco  river,  on  the 
line  between  tlie  Diftrift  of  Maine  and 
the  State  of  New-Hamp(hire,  10  miles 
above  Saco  Falls.  The  number  of 
faw-mills  on  the  river  has  neither  de- 
ftroyed  nor  leflened  the  quantity 
of  falmon  in  it.  The  mill-dams  do 
not  extend  acrofs  the  river,  and  there  is 
a  curiofity  in  feeing  the  exertion  of 
thefe  filh  in  making  their  way  up  the 
falls :  when  the  fun  (bines  clear  xj,  the 
morning,  they  are  frequently  feen  en- 
gaged in  this  enterprife,  moving  fro.a 
one  rock  to  another,  and  refting  on 
each,  in  fpite  of  the  cataraft  which  op- 
pofcs  their  progrefs,  until  they  have 
gained  tlie  ftiil  waters  above. 

S.VLMOS 


m 


J  (; 


V     »•    t: 


(     ,1 


lit 


I 

I 


f    i 


sssBssm 


SAL 

Saimon  Point f  on  the  ead  eoaft  of 
the  ilknd  of  Newfoundland,  and  N.  £. 
of  Claune  Point,  which  is  the  north  en- 
trance into  Conception  Bay. 

Salt  IJlanJt  one  of  the  Imallcr  Vir- 

?In  Hies,  and  welt  ot  Cooper's  Ifland. 
J.  lat.  ai  30,  W.  long.  71  3. 

Salt  Ijlandf  on  the  Ibuth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  off  Old  Harbour, 
and  N.  N-  E.  of  Portland  Point. 

SALT  Key^  a  fmall  illand  in  the  W.  In- 
dies.    N.  lat.  ai  30,  W.  long.  71  3. 

Sai.t  Pond  Bay y  on  the  louth  coaft 
of  the  illand  of  Jamaica,  eaftward  of 
Poft  Koyal. 

Salt  Lake^  in  the  State  of  N^w- 
York.     i>ce  Onondago  Lake. 

Salt  River ^  m  Kentucky,  is  formed 
by  tliree  principal  branches,  and  emp- 
ties through  the  fouth-ealt  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  by  a  mouth  80  yards,  according 
to  others,  ijo  yards  wide ;  ao  miles  be- 
low tlie  Rapids.  It  is  navigable  tor 
boats  about  60  miles.  It  has  good 
lands  on  its  head  waters,  but  tliey  are 
low  and  unheaiUiy ;  for  15  miles  from 
its  mouth,  the  land  on  each  lide  is  level 
and  poor,  and  abounds  with  ponds. 
Between  Salt  and  Green  nvers  there 
are  two  fprings  of  bitumen,  which, 
when  analyzed,  is  found  to  be  amber. 

Salt  Kivery  on  the  nortii  lliore  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  nearly  due  louth 
from  Point  Galina. 

Salt  Bjvety  the  arm  of  the  fea 
vliich  feparatea  the  ifland  of  Gauda- 
loupe,  in  the  Vv  eft-Indies  into  two 
paits,  and  communicates  with  the  ocean 
on  both  lides  of  the  ifland.  It  is  two 
leagues  in  length ;  15  or  16  paces  broad. 
The  navigation  is  hazardous,  nor  will 
it  admit  vellels  above  %$  tons. 

Salta,  a  town  of  Soutli-Amcrica, 
two-thirds  of  the  way  from  Buenos 
Ayres  to  Potoli ;  where  immenfe  num- 
bers of  cattle  winter,  and  are  fattened 
on  their  way  to  Potoli. 

Salt  A,  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  province  of  Tucuniun,  58  miles 
foiith  of  St.  Salvador.  It  contains  two 
churches,  four  monafteries,  and  about 
400  houfes.  It  is  a  place  of  great  re- 
Ibrt  on  account  of  the  large  quantities 
of  corn,  meal,  wine,  cattle,  fait,  meat, 
fat,  hides  and  other  commodities,  which 
are  fent  from  this  place  to  moft  parts 
of  Pern,    s.lat,  25  20,  W,  long.  66  30. 

Sali  ASH,  a  townihip  of  Vermont, 
"Windlbr  co.  12  miles  well  of  Windlbr. 
it  cuDtiiiiis  106  iohabitaots.     .  -..  ■ 


,S  A  L 

Salt  Liek  Toiun  lies  iS  miles  below 
the  fource  of  Big  Beaver  Creek,  and  34 
above  the  Mahoning  town.  Sec  Big 
Beaver  Creek. 

Salt  Petre  Creek,  in  Baltimore  co. 
Maryland,  falls  into  Gunpowder  river 
on  the  weftern  fide  ;  ia  miles  E.  N.  T. 
of  Baltimore,  in  north  lat.  39  20;  and 
nearly  %  miles  north-weftcrly  from  the 
weltern  point  of  Gunpowder  Neck. 

Salt  Spring  ii/Wr,intheN.  W.Ter- 
ritory,  rifes  near  the  E.  line  of  the  Ncw- 
Jerfey  Company's  lands,  and  runs  fouth- 
caftward  into  Ohio  river,  10  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Wabafh,  and  nearly 
30,  by  the  courle  of  the  river,  above  the 
Great  Cave.  It  runs  above  ^6  miles ; 
and  10  miles  from  its  mouth  is  the  fait 
fpiing,  which  j-'.ives  name  to  the  river. 

Saluda,  a  river  of  S.Carolina,  which 
rifes  on  the  borders  of  N.  Carolina,  and, 
taking  a  S.  E.  courfe,  joins  Broad  river 
at  the  townihip  of  Columbia,  and  forms 
the  Congaree. 

8  A  lot.  Port,  lies  on  the  S.  W,  fide 
of  the  S.  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo ;  about  14  leagues  from  Les 
Cayes,  as  the  road  runs,  and  only  7  in  a 
ftraight  line  S.  W.  of  that  town.  N.  lat. 
18  6,  W.  long.  76  ao. 

Salvadoke,  St.  a  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Tucuman,  in  S.  America,  and 
near  the  borders  of  Peru.  It  lies  at  the 
foot  of  a  high  mountain,  which  forms 
part  of  theeaftern  chain  of  the  Andes. 
A  little  above  the  town  is  a  confiderable 
river,  which  afterwards  empties  into  the 
river  Leon.  It  has  about  300  houfes, 
and  is  63  leagues  N.  of  St.  Jago  del  Ef- 
tero.    8.  lat,  24  2a,  W.  long.  66  27. 

Salvador,  S/.  a  fmall  city  of  New- 
Mexico,  in  the  province  of  Guatimala, 
on  a  river  la  miles  from  the  ocean.  It 
has  few  houfes,  and  little  trade.  On  the 
N.  fide  of  it,  are  lofty  mountains,  called 
the  Chantales,  inhabited  by  poor  Indians, 
In  the  bottom,  wheie  the  town  ftands, 
are  plantations  of  fugar-canes  and  indi- 
go, with  a  few  farms  for  rearing  cattle. 

N.  lat.  13  5.  W.  long.  90  3. 

&  A  L  V  A  DOR  E,  5/.  tlie  capital  ot  Brazu, 
in  S.  America,  called  alfo  the  city  of  the 
Bay,  is  within  the  fpacious  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  which  is  full  of  fruitful  ifles. 
This  city,  which  has  a  noble,  fpacious, 
and  commodious  harbour,  is  built  on  a 
high  and  fteep  rock,  having  the  lea  upon 
one  lide,  a  lake  forming  a  crefcent  on 
the  other.  The  lituation  makes  it  in  a 
manner  impregnable  by  nature,  and  it  | 

has 


SAM 

has  very  ftrong  fortifications.  It  is  '^^p- 
ulous,  maRTiificent,  and  beyond  compar- 
ifon,  tlic  moft  gay  and  opulent,  in  all 
Bra/.il.  ^  Vaft  quantities  of  fuRar  arc 
made  in  its  neighWirhood.  S.l;it.  iji  ir, 
W.  long.  37  55.     See  ////  S^inti  Bay. 

Salvadore  db  Bayamo,  S/.  a 
town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Bayamo,  about  30  miles  N.  W.  by  W. 
of  the  town. 

Salv adore,  St.  ox  Guanahaniy  or 
Cat  Ijlandi  which  fee. 

Salvage,  a  dry  rock  off  Cape  Ann, 
on  the  coaft  of  Maflachufetts.  When  it 
bears  S.  E.  »  leagues  diftant,  you  have 
6  leagues  N.  W.  to  Newbui  y-Port  bar, 
and  N.  4  W.  Ti  leagues  to  Portfnjouth. 
N.  i  £.  8  leagues  to  Iflc  of  Shoals. 

Salvateon  de  Ygiiey^  a  fmall  town 
in  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  »8  leagues 
E.  of  the  city  of  8t.  Domingo.  It  is 
famous  for  its  fugar-worlcs  and  luxuriant 
paftures,  in  which  vaft  number  of  cattle 
feed.  It  is  alfo  called  Higueyt  or  Alta 
Gratia  ;  which  fee. 

Sam  an  a,  a  large  bay  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  It  opens 
to  the  N.  E.  between  Citpe  Samana, 
(which  is  alfo  called  Cape  Refon  or  Cape 
GrondeurJ  on  the  N.  and  Cape  Ra- 
phael ibutn-caft  of  the  forrner,  7  leagues 
apart.  Its  mean  breadth  is  about  five 
leagues,'and  its  length  ao  leagues.  Some 
mariners  reckon  Pointe  d'Icaque,  or  Ica- 
que  Point,  as  the  fouthern  jjoint  of  the 
bay,  which  comes  after  Cape  Raphael, 
and  is  only  i^  leagues  from  the  head  of 
the  bay,  and  lies  in  lat.  19  2  N.  and  long. 
71  35  VV.  of  Paris.  This  bay  offers  a  fafe 
Ihelter  to  the  ftouteft  fc|UHdrons.  Ly- 
ing to  the  windward  of  the  ifland,  it  has 
the  advantage  over  all  the  other  places 
as  a  maritime  poft,  which  renders  it  ca- 
pable of  proteifling  the  whole  gulf  of 
Mexico,  to  which  Jt  is  in  reality  a  key. 
The  entrance  is  difficult,  and  very  nar- 
row ;  becaufe  from  the  ibuthern  fide  of 
its  opening,  runs  a  breaker,  which  ad-* 
vances  in  a  point  towards  Port  Banifter, 
jind  between  which,  and  the  northern 
coaft,  nature  has  placed  tiie  rock  or  (hal- 
low, called  the  Rebels.  This  rock  nar- 
rows the  entrance, (b  that  between  it  and 
the  land,  forming  the  N.  fide,  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  bay,  there  is  little  more 
than  800  fathoms.  Thus  a  battery  on 
ftore,  and  another  on  the  rock,  tlie  Reb- 
(Is  would,  by  their  crofs  fire,  completely 
dcf?n4  tlje  entrance  againft  even  the 


fi  A  M 

'•*  '<>  veffels ;  and  a  h.ittery  on  the 
Orh>..  fide  of  the  R,'l-cls  would  cffci'.tually 
prevent  any  vcfld  tVom  entering  l>e- 
tween  it  and  the  breakers.  Sec  Old 
Cape  Francois. 

}»AMHA  Bay,  or  7a>fihit,  on  the  N. 
coaft  of  the  Spanilh  M.iin,  or  Terra 
Firma,  in  S,  America,  is  VV.  of  bu  Mar- 
tha's river. 

Samballas,  a  rocky  point  rcrmrk- 
ably  long  and  low,  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  Ifthnius  of  Darien,  which  is  io 
guarded  with  rocks  and  flioals,  that  it 
IS  very  dangerous  coming  near  it.  N. 
lat.  9  40,  W.  long.  78  43. 

Samballas,  a  multitude  of  finiill 
iflands,  fcatteied  at  veiy  unequal  dif- 
tanccslbnie  only  i,  foinc  2,fome  3,  and 
fome  4  miles  from  the  Ihorc,  and  from 
each  other,  extending  a  confideiable 
diftance  along  the  noitliern  ftiore  of  the 
Ifthmus  of  Dai'ien,  and  with  the  adja- 
cent country,  its  hills  and  forefts  of 
perpetual  verdure,  form  a  charming 
profpeft»from  the  fca.  There  are  nav- 
igable channels  between  moft  of  the 
illands,  through  which  fliips  may  pafs, 
and  range  the  coaft  of  the  ifthmus; 
the  fea  between  them  and  the  fliorc 
being  navigable  from  one  end  to  the 
other,  and  affords  every  where  good 
anchorage  in  firm  fandy  ground,  with 
good  landing  either  on  the  iflands  or 
tlie  main.  Aloft  of  thefe  iflands  are 
low,  flat,  and  fandy,  covered  with  a 
variety  of  trees,  and  abound  with  fliell- 
filh  of  feveral  kinds.  Some  of  them  af- 
ford fprmgs  of  frelh  water,  and  conve- 
nient careening  places.  The  long  chan- 
nel between  the  Samballas  Iflands  and 
the  ilthmus  is  from  2  to  4  miles  in 
breadth,  extending  from  Point  Sambal- 
las to  the  Gulf  of  Darien  and  the  coafl 
of  the  ilthmus,  full  of  fandy  bays,  with 
many  ftreams  of  water. 

Samborough»  Cape  and  IJIand,  on 
the  S.  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  and  weft- 
ward  of  Chebudto  bay  and  harbour,  on 
which  is  a  light-houfe  for  tlie  diredlion 
of  ihips,  in  lat.  44  30  N.  and  long.  63 
3 1  W.  High  water,  at  full  and  change, 
at  8  o'clock. 

Samgakoopha,  or  Sanitianoodha,  a 
harbour  on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  Oonalalh- 
ka  Ifland,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  A- 
merica,  10  miles  E.  of  Egoofhak  bay. 
Ships  can  lie  here  landlocked  from  all 
winds  in  7,  6,  and  4  fathoms  water. 
It  abounds  with  hallibut,  iahnon,  &c. 

N.  lat.  53  ss*  VV.  long.  i66  30  i5' 
SAMILITA.M, 


« 


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w 


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I: 


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SAN 


i'lf 


Samimtam,  a  river  on  tlie  W.  rnaH: 
<»f  New-Mexico,  ii  miles  from  Point 
Artela  on  one  fide,  and  6  farther  toCo- 
palita  river.  At  its  month  is  an  Inrfian 
town,  wheie  a  (hip's  company  may  find 
provifions  and  frefh  water. 

Samptown,  -  village  in  Middlefex 
CO.  Ncw-Jerfey,  aj  miles  N.E.of  Quib- 
bletown,  above  13  S.  wcfterly  of  Jiliza- 
bethtown. 

Sampson,  a  co.  of  Fayette  diftrift, 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  N.  by  Johnfon 
CO.  and  S.  by  Bladen.  It  contains  6,065 
inhabitants,  mcluding  1,183  flaves.  The 
court-houfe,  where  a  poft-office  is  kept, 
i;  36  miles  from  Fayetteville,  23  from 
Crofs  Roads  near  Duplin  court-houfe, 
and  J  43  from  Philadelphia. 

S/\MPuTAa  town  of  Mexico.  See 
Angelas. 

Saneallbt  Point t  near  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Darien,  and  N.  W.  of  the 
Kland  of  Pines.  It  is  ix  miles  eaftwa'-d 
of  Port  Scrivan. 

SANBORNTOWfJ,atownfliipof  New- 
Hampfhire,  Strafford  co.  lituated  on  the 
point  of  land  at  the  confluence  of  Win- 
nipifiogee  and  Pcmigewallct  rivers.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1770,  and  contains 
1587  inhabitants.  In  this  town  is  the 
appearance  of  an  Indian  fortrefs,  con- 
fiding of  5  diftinft  walls,  one  within  the 
other.  Some  pieces  of  baked  earthen 
■ware  have  been  found  here,  from  which 
it  is  fuppofed  that  the  Indians  had  leara- 
ed  the  potter's  art. 

San  COT  V  Head,  the  E.  point  of 
Nantucket  Ifland,  on  the  coafl  of  MafTi- 
chufetts.   N.lat.  41 15,  VV.  long.  69  58. 

Sanctos  Bahia,  ot  Saint's  Bay,  on 
the  coafl  of  Brazil,  M'hcre  the  land  lies 
due  E.  and  W.  for  so  leagues.  The 
city  of  Saints  or  dos  Sanftos  is  fituated 
en  an  ifland  called  Amiaz,  on  the  W. 
fide  of  the  entrance  into  tlie  harbour, 
a«  alfo  the  town  of  St.  Vincent.  S.  lat. 
24,  W.  long.  45  If. 

Sandca  TEjamountainoustownfhipof 
P.ennington  co.  Vermont,  i8  miles  N.  of 
Bennington.  It  contains  773  inhabitants., 

Sasd-Hill  Bay,  is  on  the  N.  (ideof 
the  peninfula,  at  the  S.  E.  end  of  the  ifl- 
and ot  St.Chrillophtr's,in  the  W.Indies. 

Sandisfiklo,  a  hilly  townfhip  in 
Berkfhire  co.  feparated  from  Litchfield 
CO.  in  Conncifi^icut  by  the  fouth  State 
line ;  aa  miles  8.  by  E.  of  the  (liire-town, 
and  135  W.  by  S.  of  Boflon.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1761,  and  contains  ij8i 
inhabitants.  - . 


Sandown,  a  townfliip  in  Rocking. 
ham  CO.  New-Hampfhirc,  was  takca 
from  Kingfton  and  incorporated  in 
1756;  ana  contains  561  inhabitants. 

Sandusky,  a  fort  in  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, lituated  on  the  ibuth  fide  of  the 
bay  of  the  fame  name,  at  the  fouth-weft 
end  of  Lake  Erie. 

Sandusky  Lake,  or  Bay,^t  the  fl juth- 
wetlern  fide  of  Lake  Erie,  is  a  gulf  ihap- 
ed  like  a  fhoe,  and  entered  from  the 
lake  by  a  ver^'  fliort  and  narrow  flrait. 
Its  length  is  1 7  miles,  its  greatefl  breadth 
7  miles.  From  the  novth-wefl  part  of 
this  lake,  there  is  a  portage  of  only  a 
mile  and  a  quarter  to  Portage  river,  a 
fmall  river  which  runs  into  Lake  Erie. 
The  fort  fiands  oppofitc  to  the  gut.  N. 
lat.  41  5  J,  W.  long.  83  3  30- 

Sandusky  Rivsr,  a  navigable  wator 
of  the  N.  W.  Terri»)ry,  wluch  rifcs 
near  a  branch  of  the  Great  Miami,  be- 
tween which  is  a  portage  of  9  miles.  It 
purfues  a  north-eafl  courfe,  and  empties 
into  the  fouth-wefl  corner  of  Sandufl<y 
Lake.  The  Indians,  by  the  treaty  of 
peace  at  Greenville,  Auguft  3, 1795,  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  trad  of 
land  6  miles  fquare  upon  Sandufky  Lake, 
where  a  fort  formerly  flood,  and  two 
miles  fquare  at  the  Lower  Rapids  of 
Sandaflcy  river.  It  is  a  confidcrable  riv- 
er, with  level  land  on  its  bank,  its  flrcam 
gentle  all  the  way  to  its  mouth,  where 
it  is  large  enough  to  receive  floops. 

Sandwich,  a  townlhip  in  the  north- 
«rn  part  of  Strafford  co.  N,  Hampfhire, 
north  of  Winnipifiogcr;  Lake.  It  was  in» 
corporated  in  J763,  and  contains  905 
inhabitants. 

Sandwich,  Mafiachufetts,  a  pofl- 
town  at  the  botto^m  ol  Cape  Cod,  in 
Barnflable  co.  It  extends  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  cape,  and  is  iR  miles  S.  E, 
of  Plymouth,  and  about  59  mile?  S.  of 
Boflon.  There  is  a  little  decent  group 
of  houfes,  on  he  eaft  fide  of  the  cape, 
and  a  pretty  flream  of  water  running 
through  it.  Incorporated  16^,9  ;  inhab- 
itants 1991.  It  is  near  the  place  where 
the  propofed  canal  is  to  commence 
from  Barnflable  to  Buzzard's  bay.  T!:"^ 
Indian  town  Kitleaumitt,  on  Kataniet% 
was  fituated  on  Buzzard's  bay  ;  and 
Mannamit  was  the  name  of  a  place 
near  the  bottom  of  Buzzard's  bay. 
There  is  a  place  on  die  fame  bay,  on 
Sandwich  fide,  called  Pskefet,  ufually 
called  by  tbe  Indians  Poughkecjle.  It  i^ 
the  lecond  pn,ri(h  in  Sandwich.    There 

is 


ip  in  Rookinc. 
ire,  was  takca 
ncorporated  in 
[  inhabitants. 
the  N.  W.  Ter- 
louth  fide  of  the 
at  the  fouth-weft 

B^^,atthefoiith- 
•ie,  is  a  calf  ihap- 
ntered  irom  the 
id  narrow  ftrait. 
sgreate  ft  breadth 
ovth-weft  part  of 
)ortage  of  only  a 
Portage  river,  a 
into  Lake  Erie, 
tc  to  the  gut.    N. 

a  navigable  wator 
•iry,  which  rifcs 
Great  Miami,  be- 
aye  of  9  miles.    It 
Hirfe,  and  empties 
irner  of  Sandiifl<y 
,  by  the  treaty  of 
uguft3.i795»have 
I  biates  a  trad  ot 
lon  Sandufky  Lake, 
•ly  ftood,  and  two 
Lower  Rapids  of 
a  confidcrable  nv- 
its  bank,  its  ftream 
its  mouth,  where 
to  receive  floops, 
n'.hip  in  the  norih- 
CO.  N.  Hampihirc, 
in  Lake.  Itwasin» 
\ivA  contains  90J 

ichiifetts,  a  poft- 
ot  Cape  Cod,  ui 
xtends  ihe  whole 
ndii  iR  miles  S.E, 
out  59  mile?  S.  of 
ittle  decent  group 
fide  of  the  cape, 
~lof  water  running 

jated  1639  ;  i"^''^' 
kr  the  place  where 
[is  to    commence 
Izzaid's ba^;.   y''-"- 
hwit,  or,  Katanieh 
fczard's  bay  ;  and 
Iname  of  a  place 
Buzzard's    bay. 
Itlie  fame  bay,  i>n 
Pekcfet,  ufually 
Vpoughkecjh.    Iti* 
andwich.    There 


SAN 

Js  an  Indian  territory,  called  ILrring 
Pond,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sand- 
wich, abo\it  5  miles  N.  W.  from  this 
village,  and  fo  extending  from  thence 
along  fliore  to  Monument  Ponds,  all  in- 
cluded within  the  townfhip  of  Plymouth. 
It  contains,  about  120  ibuJs,  one  half  of 
whom  are  mixed.  The  Indian  name  of 
this  territory  is  not  generally  known. 
Tiny  appear  to  have  been  conlidered 
as  a  diitindh  tribe,  now  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Herring  Pond  Indians. 

.Sandwich,  A1s"iu,  a  plantation  in 
Lincoln  co.  Diftridt  of  Maine,  coutain- 
ing«97  inhabitants. 

Sandwich  {//WW/,  a grQup  ofidands 
in  the  South  Sea,  dilcovaed  by  Captain 
Cuok,  who  gave  them  the  above  name 
in  honour  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich,  un- 
der whole  adminiftration  they  were  firft 
viilted.    They  confiit  of  1 1  iflands,  ex- 
tending in  lat.  from  i854toazi5N. 
and  in  long,  from  150  54  to  160  24  W. 
They  are  calkd  by  the  natives  Owhyhee, 
Mowee,   Kanai,   Morotinnee,  TaJiow- 
Ifowa,  Morotoi,  Waohoo,  Atooi,  Nee- 
I  heehow,  Oreehoua,  and  Tahoora ;.  all 
[inhabited,  except  Morotinnee  andTa- 
j  hoora.   Befides  thefe,  the  natives  fpeak 
')f  another,  lying  to  the  weft-fouth-weft 
lof  Tahoora  \  which  is  low  and  fandy, 
land  <ifited  only  for  the  purpofe  of  catch- 
|ing  turtle    nd  I'ca-iowls.    As  they  do 
lut  know  of  any  others,  it  is  probable 
hat  none  cxift  in  their  neighbourhood. 
tin  account  of  each  inhabited  ifland  will 
iii;  found  in  its  proper  place.    The  cli- 
late  differs  very  little  from  that  of  the 
^Veft-Indla  iflands  in  the  fame  latitude. 
Ipon  the  whole,  perhaps,  it  may  be 
lore  temperate  ;    nor  are  there  any 
races  of  thole  violent  winds  and  hum- 
lanes  which  render  the  ftormy  months 
the  Weft-Indies  fo  dreadful.    There 
alfo  more  rain  at  the  Sandwich  Ifles, 
ifhere  the  mountainous  parts  being  gen- 
rally  enveloped  in  a  cloud,  fuccelRvc 
lowers  fall  in  the  inland  parts,  with  fine 
|fcather,and  a  clear  fky,  at  the  fea-fhore. 
fence  it  is, that  fewoi'thofe  inconveni- 
3ces  to  which  many  tropical  countries 
[c  fubjef  t,  either  from  heat  or  raoifture, 
re  experienced  here.    The  winds,  in 
Ic  winter  months,  are  generally  from 
|ft-fouth-eaft  to  north-eaft.    The  tides 
|e  very  regular,  ebbiog  and  flowing  6 
Vrs  each.    The  Hood  comes  from  the 
kward  -r  and  it  is  high  water  at  the 
and  change  of  tHe  moon,  45  minutes 
'  2,    Tlicu  greatefl  rifc  ig  %  fett  7 


SAN 

inches,  and  the  water  is  always  4  inclie*.;, 
higher  when  the  moon  is  above  the  ho--*  . 
rizon  than  when  flie  is  below  it.    The  * 
vegetable  productions  are  nearly  th« 
faiiie  as  at  the  other  iflands  in  this  ocean,    ■ 
The  taro  root  is  of  a  l'upi.ri&r  qimlity. 
The  bread-fiuit  trees  thrive  nut  in  lad*    ■ 
abundance  as  in  the  rich  plains  of  Ota- 
heite,  but  produce  double  the  quantity 
of  fruit.    The  iugar-canes  are  of  a  very 
imufual  fize,  lome  (  ''  them  meafuring  1 1 
inches  and  a  q,uarter  in  circunv  icncc,- 
and  having  14  feet  eatable,     'i.sere  i» 
alfo  a  root  of  a  brown  colour,  Ihaped 
like  a  yam,  and  from  6  to  ro  pounds  in 
weight,  the  juice  of  which  is  very  I'weet^ 
of  a  plcafant  talte,  and  an  excellent  fuU- 
ftitute  for  fugar.    The  inhabitants  are 
undoubci-dly  of  the  fame  race  that  pof- 
feffes  the  iflands  fouth  of  the  equator  j 
and  in  their  perfons,  language,  cuftoms 
and  manners,  approach  ncuicr  to  the 
New-Zcalanders  than  to  their  lefs  dif- 
tant  neighbours,  either  of  the  Society 
or  Friendly  Iflands.    They  are  in  gen- 
eral above  the  middle  fize,  and  well 
made.    They  walk  very  gracefully,  run 
nimbly,  aud  are  capable  of  bearing  very 
great  fatigue ;  although,  upon  the  whole^ 
t]ie  men  are  fomewhat  inferior,  in  point 
of  ftrength  and  adtivity,  to  the  Friendly 
Iflanders,  and  the  women  Icfs  delicately 
formed  than  thofc  of  Otaheite.    Their 
complexion  is  rather  darker  than  that 
of  tlK  Otaheitans,  and  they  are  not  alto- 
gether f )  handfome  a  people.  However, 
many  01  both  fcxes  have  line  open  coun- 
tenances J.  the  women  in  particular  have 
good  eyes  and  teeth,  with  a  fwectneis 
and  feniihili'v  of"  look,  that  render  them 
very  enga'^jing.  Their  hair  is  of  a  brown- 
ifli  black  ;   neither  uniformly  ftraight> 
like  thai    of  the  American  Indians  ; 
nor  uniformly  curling,  as  among  the 
negroes  of  Africa.    There  is  one  pecu-. 
liar  charafleriftic  of  this  great  nation,, 
and  which  is  alio  prevalentin  the  Friend- 
ly Iflanders,  that  even  in  the  liandfonieft 
faces  there  is  a  fuUncfs  of  the  noftril, 
without  any  flatncfs  or  fpreading  of  the 
nofe.    This  may  probably  be  the  effedt 
of  their  ufual  mode  of  fJilutation,  which 
is  by  prefling  the  ends  of  their  noies  to- 
gether.   The  lame  fuperioriry  that  is 
obfervcd    among    the    higher    ranks, 
through  all  the  other  iflands,  is  found 
here.    The  chiefs  are,  almoft  without 
exc'pr.'on,  perfcdUy  welltbrmcd ;  where- 
a;s  the  lower  fort,  befides  their  general 
infcrioiUy,  arc  fubje^^i  to  al,!  the  variety 


W 


')       I 


r:ji 


ii'j 


SAN 


S  AN 


of^make  and  figiue  tliat  Is  feen  in  the 
populace  oi  other  countries.  Tattooing 
the  body  is  much  pra6tifed  here.  The 
ratives  rile  with  the  i'lm,  and,  after  en- 
joying the  cool  of  the  evening,  retire  to 
reft  a  few  hours  after  fun-fet.  Their  ia. 
ftruinents  of  war  are  fpcars,  daggers, 
clubs,  and  flings.  The  dagger  is  a  weap- 
on peculiar  to  thenifelves.  It  is  from  i 
to  %  feet  long,  made  of  heavy  black,  wood 
relembling  ebony,  fharpened  at  one  or 
both  ends,  and  fccured  to  the  hand  by 
a  ftring.  Its  ufe  is  to  llab  in  clofe  fight, 
and  it  is  well  adapted  to  the  purpofe. 
They  have  alfo  the  knife  or  faw,  with 
which  the  New-Zealanderscutup  their 
iTiughtered  enemies.  For  defenllve  ar- 
mour they  wear  ftrong  mats,  which  are 
not  eafily  penetrated  with  liich  weapons 
as  their's. 

Sandwich,  or  Hanviet  River,  is  two 
miles  within  ChcbuAo  Harbour,  in  No.- 
va-Scotia. 

Sandwich,  a  fm  all  river  at  the  bot- 
tom of  Barnilable  Bay,  in  Barnftable  co. 
Maflachufetts. 

Sandy  Bay,  at  th6  E.  end  of  the 
i/Iand  of  Jamaica  ;  fouth ward  of  Mulat- 
to river,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Mauchanecl 
Harbour. 

Sanrv  Bay,  at  the  N,  W.  extremi- 
ty of  the  fame  ifland,  W.  of  Stoddard 
Bay,  and  E.  of  Green  Ifland.  Ijtt/e 
Sandy  Bay,  on  the  S.  E.  part  of  the 
ifland  is  about  a  league  W.  of  Point 
Morant.  Sandy  Cays  lie  off  the  en- 
trance of  Port  Royal  Harbour. 

Sandy  Cove,  to  the  north-weft  ward 
round  the  point  of  Cape  Ann,  on  die 
coaft  of  MaiTachufctts,  and  lies  between 
two  head-lands.  K.  iat.  42  45,  W. 
long.  70  JO. 

Sandy /far^owr,  on theE.fideof  the 
ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  near  thq  S.  E.  ix)int  of 
the  ifland,  where  a  iinall  river  empties 
into  the  ocean. 

S  A  N  D  i'  Hfl/,  a  fmal!  delightful  village 
in  New-York  State,  two  miles  north  of 
Fort  Edward,  on  u  high  hill,  overlooking 
Hudibn's  river  from  the  eafl:. 

Sani»y  Hook,  or  Point,  in  the  town- 
fliip  of  Middleton,  in  New-Jerfey,  forms 
a  capacious  harbour,  thence  and  from 
the  inlet  pafles  to  New-York,  about  75 
miles  diiiant.  Fror<  ^'''.T.t..uk  Point, 
on  Long-IOand,  to  ihe  Hook,  is  S.  W. 
by  W.  J  W.  14  leagues,  and  then  W. 
by  S.  2a  leagues.  The  pilots  are  oblig- 
ed  to  keep  a  good  and  fujficient  whale- 
lioat  Jcady  at  the  Hciok.    High  wutcr, 


at  full  and  ckmjge,  ^  7  minutes  after  6 
o'clock.  The  light-houfe,  on  the  north 
point  of  the  Hook,  lies  in  Iat.  40  ^o  N. 
and  long.  74  a  W.  At  the  firft  difcov- 
ery  of  America,  few  or  no  cod-Hlh  were 
to  be  found  fouthward  of  the  banks  of 
Newfoundland,  and  Sable  Ifland.  A- 
bout  30  years  ago  they  were  difcovered 
off  Sandy  Hook,  ana  they  have  ever 
fince  become  more  plenty  on  the  fifliing 
grounds  off  the  Neverflak,  io  6,  7,  and 
8  fathoms  water. 

Sandy  IJland,  a  imall  ifland  off  the 
weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua, 
about  two  miles  from  the  fliore. 

Sandy  Point,  the  S.  eaftern  extremi- 
ty of  Bamftable  co.  Maffachufetts ;  call. 
ed  Point  Cart,  by  Gofnold.  The  courfe 
to  Nantucket  Hght-houfe,  is  S.  S.  VV.  3 
leagues.    N.  Iat.  41  44,  W.  long.  69  x^, 

Sandy  Point,  in  the  ifland  of  Toba- 
go.   N.  Iat.  116,  W.  long.  60  37. 

Sandy  Point,  the  moft  wefterly 
point  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's ; 
called  alfo  Beltates  Point. 

Sandy  Point,  near  the  fouth-caft 
part  of  tlie  ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  and  forms 
the  fouthern  limit  of  Sandy  Harbpur. 

Sandy  Point,  near  the  fouth-eaft 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  on  the 
larboard  fide  of  the  opening  into  Wil- 
loughby  Bay. 

Sandy  Point,  the  north-eaft  point  of 
Nantucket  Ifland,  on  the  coaft  of  Mal- 
fachufetts.   N.  iat.  41  aj,  W.  long,  70. 

Sandy  Poi7it,  a  town  of  the  lUand 
of  St.  Chriftopher's,  on  the  fouth-weft 
fide  of  the  ifland,  m  St.  Anne's  pariih, 
and  m  Fig-tree  Bay.  It  is  a  port  oi 
entry,  and  is  defended  by  Charles  Fort, 
and  Brimftone  Hill,  both  near  the  town. 

Sandv  River,  in  Kentucky.  See  Bi^ 
Sandy  Riuer. 

Sandy  River,  in  the  Diftri<5l  of  Maine, 
rifes  in  Cumberland  co.  confifts  of  many 
fmail  branches  ;  runs  a  N.  £.  coutie, 
and  empties  into  Kennebeck  river,  at 
the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  townfliip  ot 
Norridgcwalk. 

Sandy  River,  the  plantations  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Diftrid  of  Maine,  of  this  name, 
in  1790,  were  as  follow  : 


Mouth  of  Sandy  r^vcr 
Sandy  river  No.  i 

No.  a    . 

No.3> 
and  7  mile  Bicipk) 


Bi  cfik 
Pond      ' ' 


7  ,     - 

a?  mile  Pond  and) 
1  itcomb  Town     ) 


Inhabitanii. 
494 

»64 
Sandit 


m 


minutes  after  6 

ife,  on  the  north 

in  lat.  40  30  N, 

the  firft  difcov- 

no  cod-fiih  were 

of  the  banks  of 

ible  Idand.      A- 

werc  difcovered 

Uiey  have  ever 

nty  on  the  fifiiinr 

link,  in  6,  ;♦  ani 

taU  idand  off  the 
and  of  Antigua, 
the  (hore. 
.eafternextremt- 
iffachufctts;  call- 
nold.  Thecourfe 
ufe,  is  S.  S.  W.  3 
^,W.  long.  69  35- 
leiflandof  Toba- 

•.  long.  60  37-  , 
e    moft  wefterly 
St.Chriftopher's; 

tar  the  fouth-calt 
t.  Lucia,  and  forms 
Sandy  Harbpur. 
ear  the  fouth-eaft 
if  Antigua,  on  the 
opening  into  \Vu- 

north-caft  point  of 

,1  the  coaft  of  Mai- 

I  43,  W.  long.  70. 

:own  of  the  illand 

on  the  fouth-weft 

St.  Anne's  pariih, 

.     It  is  a  port  oi 

id  by  Charles  Fort, 

>oth  near  the  town. 

Kentucky.  Seei;^ 

■eDiftridt  of  Maine, 
;o.confiftsofmany 
ns  a  N.  E.  courle, 
ennebeck  river,  at 
,f  the  townftup  ot 

planutions  in  Lin- 
laine,  of  this  name, 
ow  : 

Inbabitanti' 

494 

13-^ 


pdy  river 

Jo.  I 

fo.  a  . 
iNo.  3> 

Jr  qpk  5 
and  7 

ax     5 


3J0 

464 
Sandit 


SAN 

Ianot  River  Old  Tonatt.  Set  Tit- 
tomb. 

bANDYSTON,  a  townftiip  of  New- 
Jerfey,  SufTox  co.  on  Delaware  river, 
at  the  foot  of  the  filuc  Mountains,  about 
II  miles  above  Walpack,  and  about  as 
far  N.  W.  of  Newton.  It  contains 
519  inhabitants,  including  a6  Haves. 

San  FORD,  a  poll-town  of  the  Diilrift 
of  Maine,  nine  miles  from  Waterbury 
court-houfe,  15  from  Berwick,  and  447 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  in  Yoik  co. 
9B  miles  N.  of  Bollon,  and  the  townihip 
contains,  in  all,  1802  inhabitants. 

San  fro  RD,  a  townihip  of  New- York, 
Dutchefs  CO.  There  are  ^39  of  the 
inhabitants  qualified  elcdurs. 

Sangallan,  or  Gallan  C'li/)!?, called 
Caiigallan  h'^  the  Britifli  fearnen  ;  is 
lituated  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  N.  N.  W. 
of  the  iflacd  of  Labos,  and  3  miles  N.  W. 
of  Carette  Ifland.  On  the  S.  Ijde  of 
the  cape  is  a  very  good  harbour,  nmch 
frequented  by  the  coafting  fliips  from 
Panama  and  Lima.  (^fF  this  cape  it  is 
very  bluftering  and  ftormy. 

Sangerfield,  a  townftilp  of  New- 
York,  fituated  in  Herkemer  co.  which 
contains  1459  inhabitants,  of  whom  238 
are  ele«5tors.  This  town  was  divided 
by  atit  of  the  legiflature,  1 797. 

Sanguay,  a  tamous  mountain  in  tlie 
eaftern  chain  of  the  Andes,  iathe  jurif- 
didlion  of  Mucas,  in  tlie  province  of 
Quito.  It  is  of  a  prodigious  height, 
ind  tlie  greateft  part  of  the  whole  liu'- 
face  covered  with  fno\^'.  From  its  fum- 
mit  ifiUes  a  continual  lire,  and  the  ex- 
plodons  aie  fonietlmcs  lieard  at  Quito, 
though  155  miles  dittant.  The  coun- 
tl-y  adjacent  to  this  volcano,  is  totally 
barren,  occafioned  by  the  enormous 
quantity  c;f  ftones  and  cinders  tjcdted 
from  the  mountain. 

San  yuan  Jj  las  Lunot,  a  town  of 
S.  America,  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Popayan,  which  is  vyatevcd  by 
a  head  branch  of  Oroiioko  1  ivtr. 

Sanfjnk  ilred.  See  !i'/t/iiC.v,New- 
Jerfey.        f 

San  Miguel  de  Ihivra,  a  J\irifdi<ftion 
of  Peru,  in  ^lie  province  of  Cluito,  con- 
taining 8  pariihes.  Moil  of  ihc  faims 
have  plii'ntSyons  of  lugar-canes  and 
cotton.  The  tarms  fitiiaitd  in  a.lefs  hot 
part  of  tile  jurifdi(ftion  are  fown  with 
inaize,  wheat  and  barley.  I, ere  aie  al- 
fo  great  numbers  of  goats,  but  not  ma- 
ny flieep.     The  Indians  here  weave  a 

coulidciibk  euautity  of  cloth  udu  cot' 


S  A  ^1 

ton.  The  mines  of  fait  here  have  fortd 
mixture  of  nitre,  which  renders  it  not 
16  proper  for  faking  meat ;  and  accord* 
ingly  that  made  at  Guyaquil  is  prefer- 
red, though  much  dearer.  Near  the 
village  of  Mira,  are  great  numbers  of* 
wild  afles,  which  incr*afc  very  faft,  ana 
are  not  eafily  caught.  They  luve  all  the 
fwiftneis  oi  horfes,  and  alccnd  and  de- 
fcend  hills  and  mountains  with  eale. 
But  the  moft  remarkable  circumftance 
related  of  thel'e  animals  ir-,  that  as  ioon 
as  they  have  carric :'  the  firft  lo.id,  their 
celerity  and  dangerous  ferocity  leavs 
tliem,  and  they  foon  contrad  the  flupid 
look  and  dullnefs  peculiar  to  all  the  alTi- 
nine  fpecies. 

San  Miguel de  Ibarra,  the  capital  of 
the  above  jurifdiflion.  tt  ftands  on  a 
large  plain  between  two  rivers.  '1  he 
parilh  church  is  a  large  and  elegant 
ftrutSure,  and  well  ornamented.  It  con- 
tains 3  convents,  a  college,  a  nunnery, 
and  about  iz,oco  fouls.  N.  lat.  o  35 
weft  long.  76  10. 

Sansonatr  Party  ox  Sarjb/wtfe,  on 
the  weft  of  fide  New-Mexico,  ai  miles 
from  fhe  river  Maticaloe.  Point  Reme- 
dios  is  the  fouthern  limit  of  opening  of 
the  port. 

Santa,  a  rapid  river,  flowing  rtiio' 
a  valley  of  the  lame  name  in  Peru,  a- 
bout  sjo  miles  N.  of  Lima.  It  is  near 
a  quarter  of  a  league  broad  at  the  place 
where  it  is  ufni'.iiy  forded,  which  is  near 
the  town  of  the  lame  name,  forming  ? 
principal  llicivms,  which  run  during  the 
whole  year  V  ith  great  rapidity.  The 
velocity  of  tne  current,  even  when  the 
wau.s  arc  low,  has  been  found  to  be 
a  league  and  an  half  in  an  hour. 

Santa,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  on 
the  banks  of  the  river  of  the  fiime  aame 
on  the  ro.id  fi  om  Paita  to  Lima,  and  a- 
bout  330  miles  north  ol  that  city.  It  i* 
inhabited  by  50  poor  families,  conlifl- 
ing  of  Indians,  mulafcoes,  and  ineii* 
zoes.  S.  l.it.  857  36,  v;eft  long.  79  ^g. 
It  was  origi;i;Jly  ta.ilt  on  the  foa-coaf^» 
from  which  it  is  now  hnif  a  league  dif- 
tant,  and  was  la;ge  rj^d  populous,  but 
being  pihiiged  by  the  Li.glifh  in  1685, 
it  was  abandoned. 

Santa  BARBARV,on  the  foutii  f;d(j 
of  tiic  eaft  end  c  f  t!\e  Ifland  of  Curacoa, 
in  the  W.  Indies,  is  the  b'cft  harbour  in 
the  illand,  where  tlie  Dutch  have  a 
town  and  fort. 

Santa  Clara,  an  ifland  in  the  bay 
of  Guvaouil,  on  U^c  borthcrc  pan  oik' 

tluj 


« 


1 ' 


r 


.  Vi. 


'.ik^. 


*  i 


t; 


ffn'    '  ' 


SAN 

^e  coaft  of  Peru.  From  this  ifland  to 
Pun  to  Arena,  the  weftemmoft  point  of 
Puna  Idahd,'  is  7  leagues  £.  N.  £.  S. 
lat.  3  30,  xveft  long.  80  36. 

Santa  CRUz.aDanifhIffandinthe 
Weft-lndies ;  fee  5^  Croix. 

Sa  -TA  CRt;«,  a  confiderable  town 
in  the  i{l?nd  of  Cuba,  having  a  good 
Ifiarbour  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay  ol-  Ma- 
tanzas,  63  miles  eaft  of  the  Havannah. 
N.  lat.  s(3  II,  weft  Ipng.  815. 

Santa  Cruz,  or  AY.  Croixi  a  large 
ifland  lying  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  1850 
leagues  weft  of  Lima,  in  fouth  lat.  10 
15,  fouth-eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Arfaci- 
des,  difcovered  by  Mendana  in  1595, 
and  fince  by  Carteret  in  1 767,  and  by 
him  called  Eg?»ofit  Ijland.    It  is  reck- 
oned to  be  90  or  100  leagues  in  circum- 
ference.   Great  and  unprovoked  cruel- 
ties were  committed  upon  thefe  friend- 
ly and  hofpitable  Iflanders:  by  Menda- 
na's  men,  for  which  Mendana  caufcd 
two  of  his  principal  officers  to  be  be- 
headed, and  a'>other  to  be  hanged.  The 
Datives  of  this  ifland  are  as  black  as  the 
negroes  of  Africa,  their  hair  woolly,  and 
ftained  with  different  colours.    Their 
faces  and  bodies  are  tattaowed.    Their 
cnly  covering  is  a  leaf  of  a  certain  tree, 
their  ornaments,  arms,  and  boats,  are 
not  unlike  thofe  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Sierra  Aujlral.    The  country  is  fertile 
and  very  populous,  abounding  in  eata- 
ble roots,  6  or  7  fpecies  of  bananas,  plen- 
ty of  cocoa  trees,  almonds,  nuts,  chef- 
nuts,  a  fort.of  apple,  fugar-canes,  gin- 
ger, bread-fruit,  &c.  Hogs,  geefe, fowls, 
partridges,  ring  and  turtle  doves,  her- 
ons, fwallows,  and  a  great  variety  of 
t>irds  ;  and  on  the  coaft  a  great  plenty 
and  variety  of  fiifli.    There  are  here  no 
noxious  infers,  which  are  common  in 
other  iflands  of  th^  torrid  zone.    In  a 
Vord,  the  Ifland  of  Santa  Cruz,  and 
others  of  the  fame  group,  oiFcr  the  moft 
Valuable  refources  to  navigators  who 
traverfe  the  Great  Pacific  Ocean,  fouth 
of  the  line, 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  a  large 
jurifdiftion  in  the  kingdom  of  Peru, 
but  thinly  inhabited  by  Spaniards.  The 
niifTions  of  Paraguay  are  in  this  jurifdic- 
tjon. 

Santa  Cf.vz  de  Ut  Sierra,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  above  jurifdiiftion,  iituated  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain,  on  tlw  banl.3  of 
the  fmall  river  Guapay,  about  56  miles 
north-ealt  of  La  Plata,  and  near  the 
borders  of  Paraguay.    It  is  thinly  in- 


_^  S  A  N    ,    ,^^^  ., 

habited ;  the  Koufes  are  of  ftone,  thatch- 
ed with  palm  leaves.  The  valley,  in 
which  the  city  ftands,  produces  all  kinds 
of  grain  and  fruits,  and  the  woods  and 
uncultivated  mountains  aiford  great 
quantities  of  honey  and  wax.  S.  lat. 
19  2j,  weft  long.  67,  30. 

Santa  Fe,  a  town  of  New  Mexico, 
in  N.  America.  N.  lat.  35  3a,  V/eit 
long.  106  .K. 

Santa  Fb  Bay,  on  the  north  coaft 
of  S.  America,  V^eftwaid  of  Comana 
Gulf. 

Santa  Ff.  de  Bagota,  the  capital 
of  the  province  of  New  Granada,  in  S. 
America,  is  the  fee  of  an  archbilhop, 
and  the  feat  of  an  univfirfity.  Near  to 
the  city  is  tlie  lake  Guatavita,  upon  the 
banks  of  which  the  favages  formerly 
facrificed  to  their  idols ;  to  whom  they 
offered  much  gold,  and  other  things  of 
great  value.    N.  lat.  358,  weft  long. 

73  5« 

Santa  IJIand,  or  Holy  I/land,  On  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  is  oppdfite  to  the  port  of 
Ferol.  It  is  3  miles  from  the  port  and 
city  of  Santa,  and  as  far  from  Ferol, 
which  is  eaft  ward  of  it. 

Santa  Maria,  a  river  of  the  Ifthmus 
of  Darien,  which  is  navigable  8  or  9 
leagues,  and  fo  far  the  tide  flows ;  but 
above  that  its  two  branches  will  oAly 
admit  canoes.  It  empties  into  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Michael  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  town  of  its  name  is  about  6  leagues 
from  its  mouth  ;  and  is  confiderabkon 
account  of  the  gold  mines  in  its  neigh- 
bourhood, which  are  worked  to  great 
advantage,  but  the  country  about  it  is 
low,  woody,  and  very  unhealthy.  N. 
lat.  7  30,  weft  long.  8a  ao. 

Santa  Port,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is 
north-eaft  of  Santa  Ifland,  in  the  moutk 
of  ft  river  of  the  fame  name. 

Santa  Martha,  a  province  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  bounded  call 
by  Rio  de  la  Hacha,  and  weft  by  Car- 
thagena. 

Santa  Martha,  the  Capital  of  the 
above  province,  and  the  fee  of  abifhop, 
was  formerly  very  populous,  but  is  now 
much  decayed,  occafioned  by  the  Spaa- 
iih  fleets  not  touching  there,  as  they 
anciently  ufed  to  do.  THferfe  are  large 
fait  ponds  four  and  an  half  miles  from 
the  town,  from  which  good  fait  is  ex- 
traded  and  ient  to  th«  neighbouring 
provinces.  It  ftands  near  the  fea,  at 
the  foot  of  a  prodigious  mountain,  whofe 
fumniit  is  generally  hid  ki  theclouds  \ 

but 


)fftone,thatch- 
The  valley,  in 
oduces  all  kinds 
the  woods  and 
5  afford  great 
d  wax.    S.  lat. 

if  New  Mexico, 
,at.  35  3a»  w*^'^ 

the  north  coaft 
aid  of  Comana 

OTA,  the  capital 
!f  Granada,  in  S. 
f  an  archbilhop, 
vcrfity.  Near  to 
atav/ta,  upon  the 
favages  formerly 
s ;  to  whom  they 
id  other  thicgsof 
3  J 8,  weft  long. 

Joly  IJland,  on  the 

iGte  to  the  port  gf 

From  the  port  and 

5  far  from  Fcrol, 

it. 

ver  ofthelfthmv.s 

navigable  8  or  9 
he  tide  flows  ;  but 
ranches  will  only 
pties  into  the  Guff 
le  Pacific  Ocean. 
le  is  about.  6  leagues 
1  is  confiderableon 
[mines  in  its  neigh- 
]e  worked  to  great 
jountry  about  it  is 

•y  unhealthy.    N. 

8a  ao. 

le  coaft  of  Peru,  i9 

land,lnthemoutk 

name. 

,,    a   province  of 
jrica,  bounded  eaft 

and  weft  by  Car- 

I,  the  capitelofthe 
Ihefee  ofabifhop, 
ppulous,  but  is  now 
foned  by  the  Spaa- 
ing there,  a»  they 
I     THtrfe  are  large 
kn  half  miles  from 
Ih  good  ftlt  is  ex- 
Ith*  neighbouring 
Is  near  the  fea,  at 
lus  mountain,  whole 
Ihid  in tke clouds; 
but 


SAN 

but  in  clear  weather,  when  the  top  ap- 
pears, it  is  covered  with  I'now.  In  fonie 
places  in  the  vicinity  are  gold  mines, 
and  in  others  precious  ftones  of  great 
value. 

Santa  Pert,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
and  on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  lies  N.  £. 
of  Santa  Idand,  at  tlie  mouth  of  a  river 
of  the  fame  name. 

San  TEE,  a  navigable  river  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, the  largeft  and  longcft  in  that  State. 
It  empties  mto  the  ocean  by  3  mouths, 
a  little  fouth  of  Georgetown,  which  laft 
lies  in  lat.  33  47  N.  and  Icmg.  79  44  W. 
About  laq  miles  in  a  dire«S  line  from 
its  mouth,  it  branches  into  the  Congaree 
and  Wateree  ;  the  latter,  or  northern 
branch,  paffes  the  Catabaw  nation  of 
Indians,  and  bears  the  name  of  Catabaw 
river,  from  this  fettlement  to  its  fource. 

Santo  Espiritu,  a  capuinfhip  of 
Brazil,  bounded  N.  by  the  captainlhip 
of  Seguro,  and  S.  by  that  of  Rio  Janeiro, 
from  which  laft  die  river  Paraybo  iep- 
arates  it,  and  after  a  long  courfe  from 
W.  to  £.  empties  into  the  ocean,  in  lat. 
a  I  ^o  S.  This  government  is  the  moft 
fertile,  and  beft  futnifhed  with  all  forts 
of  provifions  of  any  in  Brazil ;  having 
alfo  an  incredible  quantity  of  fifh  and 
game.  Its  low  lands  being  interre(£led 
oy  3.  great  number  of  rivers,  are  very 
fruitful ;  and  the  high  grounds  are  cov- 
ered with  forefts  oflarge  trees.  Here 
it  may  be  noticed  that  there  are  three 
rivers  in  Brazil,  called  Parayba,  or  Pa- 
raiba,  viz.  one  which  gives  its  name  to 
a  captainfliip  already  defcribed  ;  the 
fecond  is  that  above  mentioned,  and 
the  thirdempties  into  theocean  between 
Cape  St.  Vincent,  and  Rio  de  la  Plata, 

Santo  Espiritu,  the  capital  of  the 
above  captainfliip,  and  indeed  the  only 
town  in  it,  is  iituated  on  the  fouth  (Idc 
of  a  large  bay  on  the  eaftern  coaft  of 
Brazil,  about  9  m''es  from  the  fea.  It 
has  a  caftle  in  ruins,  but  no  fortifications, 
and  contains  about  900  inhabitants. 
Here  are  two  monaftencs  and  a  college. 
The  port  is  a  fmall  bay,  opening,  to  the 
eaft,  interfe(5ted  with  many  fmall  iflands. 
On  the  top  of  a  mountain,  at  fome  dif- 
tance  from  the  town,  is  a  large  white 
tower,  called,  by  the  Portuguefe,Noftra 
Senbora  de  Pena,  and  near  it  a  fmall 
church,  furrounded  with  a  wall.  At 
the  foot  or  the  mountain,  are  ftill  to  be 
feen  the  melancholy  remains  of  a  place 
once  called  Villa  Veja,  or  the  Old  City. 
8.  lat,  ao  365  W.  long.  31^  ^6, 


SAP 

Sa  ntos,  a  town  in  the  captainlhip  of 
St.  Vincent,  in  Brazil,  feated  on  a  river 
9  niiles  from  the  fea,  which  is  there  a 
mile  broad,  and  five  fathoms  deep.    It 
is  defended  by  a  rampart  on  the  fide 
next  the  river.    It  is  alfo  guarded  by 
two  catties,  one  on  the  fouth  fide,  and 
tlie  other  in  the  middle  of  the  town, 
which  contains  ajo  inhabitants.    It  has 
a  parifh  church,  a  monaftery,  and  a 
college.    S.  lat.  7,4  a6,  W.  long.  4a  30. 
Saona,  or  Sao/iff  a  fmall  illand  ne»- 
the  S.  E.  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo.    It  is  about  8  leagues  from  K. 
to  W.  and  a  from  N.  to  S.  which  be- 
comes  ftill  lefs  in  the  narroweft  part. 
Its  circumference  is  nearly  aj  leagues. 
It  lies  eaft  of  St.  Catherine  Ifland  ;  and 
it  is  not  much  above  a  league  from 
Little  Palm  Tree  Point,  to  that  which 
advances  from  the  north  of  the  Saona. 
At  each  of  its  extremities,  E.  and  W. 
is  a  mountain,  and  there  is  a  thiid  at  a 
{}oiat  about  the  middle  of  the  fouthern 
iide.     Thcfe  mountains  at  once  flielter 
and  water  it,  and  temper  the  air.    The 
Indians  called  this  iiland  Adamamyt 
and  had  a  particular  cacique,  wlio  was 
fovereign  of  the  ifland,  independent  of 
thofe  of  St.  Domingo.      His  fubjefts 
devoted  themfelves  to  commerce  with 
the  Spaniards,  to  agriculture,  to  cultiva- 
tion of  grain  and  fruits.  They  furnilhed 
enough  for  the  confumption  of  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo,  and  for  provifioning 
feveral   expeditions,  going  from  that 
port.    Some  Caftilians    laving  caufed 
the  cacique  to  be  eaten  by  a  dog,  this 
a6t  of  cruelty  became  the  caufe  of  a 
quarrel,  and  the  Spaniards  having  ex- 
terminated the  unfortunate  inliabitants, 
formed  fettlements  on  their  little  ifland. 
It  is  furrounded  with  banks  and  break- 
ers, except  at  the  weftern  part  ;  but 
there  is  a  paffage  for  fmall  barks,  be- 
tween its  north  (ide,  and  the  main  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.    The  ifland 
and  its  port  are  a  Ihelter  for  the  mari- 
ners failing  in  this  part,  who  here  find 
water,  wood,  and  wild  cattle,  all  which 
are  in  abundance.     It  is  impoflible  to 
have  an  idea  of  the  vaft  quantities  of 
birds,  and  particularly  of  wood  pigeons, 
thut  are  feen  here.     The  eaftern  point 
of  the  ifl  ind  lies  in  lat.  18  9  N.  and  long. 
71  II  W.  of  Paris. 

Sap  A,  St.  Michael  dty  a  village  in  the 
v;illey  of  Arica,  in  the  province  of 
Charcos,  in  Peru.  It  is  a  fiDall  place, 
but  finwus  for  the  ^juantity  of  Guinea 

pepper 


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S  A  R 


S  A  S 


pqiper  produced  in  its  vicinity.  It  will 
rot  thrive  in  mountainous  parts,  but  is 
cultivated  in  the  vallies.  The  inhabit- 
auts  of  this  village  fell  annudly  no  lefs 
than  80,000  crowns  worth  of  it.  S.  Jat. 
17  30,  W.  long.  78  10. 

Saprlo,  a  village  of  Georgia,  in 
Liberty  co.  oppofite  to  the  found  and 
ifland  of  that  name,  and  about  6  miles 
ibuth  of  Sun  bury. 

Saponies,  Indians  who  inhabit  on  a 
north  branch  of  Suff]uehannah  river. 
Warriors  30.    See  Munjap. 

Saramacha,  a  river  m  the  Dutch 
province  of  Surrinam. 

Sauanac,  a  river  of  New- York, 
which  paiTcs  through  Plattfturg,  and 
empties  into  Lake  Champlain  from  the 
weth  It  has  been  explored  nearly  30 
miles,  and  there  found  equal  in  lize  to 
the  mouth.  It  abounds  with  falmon, 
bafs,  pike,  pickerel,  trout,  &f.  At  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  falmon  are  found 
in  fuch  plenty,  that  it  is  ufual  to  take 
400  or  500  a  day,  with  fpears,  and  fmall 
icoop-nets.  They  are  caught  from 
May  till  November. 

Saratoga,  a  county  of  the  State  of 
New- York,  boumled  E.  and  N.  by  Hud- 
fon'r.  river,  which  feparatts  it  from 
KenHelacr  and  Waflungton  counties, 
and  imith  by  Mohawk  river.  It  has 
been  eftabliihed  linco  179c,  and  is  di- 
vit^ediiito  8  townlhips,  viz.  Greenfield, 
Ballltown,  Charlton,  Half  Moon,  Mil- 
ton,  Sarftogi,  Galway,  and  Stillwater. 
In  J  706,  3,'-.  70  of  the  inhabitanta  were 
qv.alified  <ilC(!!ors. 

Saratoga,  or  Saraghto^a,  a  town- 
fliip  of  New- York,  fituated  m  Saratoga 
CO.  on  the  W.  fide  of  Hudfon's  river, 
36.mile3  N.  of  Albany.  It  contains  few 
hoiiles  in  a  compaft  ftate.  In  1790, 
when  it  belonged  to  Albany  co.  it  con- 
tained 3,071  inhabitants  ;  and  there 
wercheitin  1796,  54* qualified  electors. 
It  will  ever  be  diftinguilhed  in  hiftory, 
for  being  the  place  at  which  Gen. 
Kurgoync  was  obliged  to  fiirrender  his 
army,  \n  1777.  This  town  is  jilfo  fiim- 
r)us  lor  its  medicinal  waters,  called  the 
Saratoga  Spnvfs.  They  are  lo  miles 
from  Ballltown,  in  a  (hallow  vale  or 
maiflijin  feveralrclpefts  refembling  that 
cfBallftown.  Thefe  waters  appear  to 
have  received  as  ftrong,  it  not  ftronger, 
impregnation  of  the  fame  kind  of  ingre- 
dients that  enter  thofe  of  Ikllftown, 
Hnd  may  be  a  ftream  of  the  fame  foun- 
tain running  through  the  fame  kind  of 


calcareous  earth.  One  of  theft  fpringa 
is  covered  over  by  a  natural  cretacious, 
or  rather  calcareous  pyramid,  about  five 
or  fix  feet  high.  This  hollow  pyramid, 
or  cone,  has  a  hole  in  the  top  about  fix 
inches  over.  If  we  look  into  this  hole 
we  fee  the  mineral  water  boiling  vehe- 
mently like  a  pot  over  the  fire ;  the 
water  is  neverthelefs  intenfely  cold,  and 
is  faid  to  be,  in  every  refpedV,  fmarter 
than  that  at  Ballftown.  The  calcareoin 
matter  extends  for  feveral  rods  from  the 
bftfis  of  tliis  pyramid.  There  are  feve- 
ral idle  ftcries  related  of  this  fpring ;  one 
is,  that  it  overflows  at  certain  ftages  of 
the  moon.  This  is  not  true.  As  this  is 
found  to  be  falfe,  they  tell  you  it  over- 
flows once  a  year ;  bwt  tnis  has  as 
little  foundation  in  truth  as  the  other. 
People  who  live  at  thefe  fprings  think 
they  muft  relate  fomething  marvellous 
by  way  of  eohancing  the  value  of  the 
waters,  and  reconciling  you  to  the  great 
expenfe  attending  thefe  vifits. 

Sardo,  •>  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Spain,  ar,d  in  the  North  Sea. 

S A  RECTO,  the  chief  town  of  Duplin 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  fituated  on  the  N.  E. 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  which  af- 
fords water  for  rafts  to  the  town.  It 
contains  a  couvt-houfe,  gaol,  and  about 
io  houfes.  It  is  130  miles  above  Wil- 
mington, to  the  north. 

Sarrna,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in 
S.  America,  on  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
S.  lat.  39  40,  W.  long.  71  15. 

Sarin HAVM,  a  river  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  coaft  of  Brazil ;  and  oppofite  to  the 
ifland  of  Aiexo,  which  is  weft  of  Cape 
St.  Auguftine. 

Sarmiento  Ijlandsi  Pedro  de,  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  are  thought  to  be 
the  fame  as  the  Duke  of  York's  Ijlandi, 
northward  of  the  weft  end  of  the  Straits 
of  Mugellan.  They  lie  in  about  lat.  50 
fouth,  and  are  about  80  in  number. 

Sarovilla,  or  Serranella,  Ihoals  off 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  25  leagues  weft  of 
Pedro  Shoals,  and  37  weft  of  Portland 
Point.  The  middle  of  them  lie  in  lat. 
16  10  N.  and  long.  80  4,?  W. 

Saskachawan,  or  Sajkajljaiven,  k 
riv.;fof  N.America,  which  runs  eaft- 
ward,  and  has  communication,  by  fhort 
portages,  with  Nellbn's  river,  which 
empties  into  Hudfbn's  Bay. 

Sassafras,  a  fmall  navigable  river 
of  Maryland,  which  rifes  in  Delaware 
St^e,  and  runs  weftward  into  Cbefa- 
peak  Bay.    It  feparate%  Kent  co.  from 

that 


5 


of  theft  fprings 
tural  cretacious, 
ramid,  about  five 
hollow  pyraniid, 
the  top  about  fix 
ok  into  this  hole 
ter  boiling  vehc- 
2r  the  fire  ;  the 
itenfely  cold,  and 
'  refpedt,  fmarter 

The  calcaream 
eral  rods  from  the 

There  are  feve- 
)f  this  fpring;  one 
t  certain  ftages  of 
t  true.  As  this  is 
y  tell  you  it  ovcr- 
biit  this  has  as 
ruth  as  the  other, 
lefe  fprings  think 
ething  marvellous 
the  value  of  the 
ig  you  to  the  great 
;le  vifits. 

the  coaft  of  New 
irth  Sea. 

2f  town  of  Duplin 
Lted  on  the  N.  E. 
r  river,  which  af- 
;  to  the  town.  It 
e,  gaol,  and  about 
I  miles  above  Wil- 

coaft  of  Chili,  in 
mth  Pacific  Ocean. 

ver  on  the  louth- 

and  opposite  to  the 

h  is  weft  of  Cape 

//,  Pedro  dft  in  the 
,  are  thought  to  be 
f  of  York's  Iflands, 
ft  end  of  the  Straits 

lie  ill  about  lat.  50 
80  in  number. 
rranella,  (hoals  off 
.  25  leagues  weft  ot 
7  weft  of  Portland 

of  them  lie  in  lat. 

or  Sajkajhanven,  * 
,  which  runs  eaft- 
unication,  by  fhort 
Ton's  river,  which 
's  Bay. 

lall  navigable  river 

rifes  in  Delaware 

hvard  into  Cl^fa- 

tte«  Kent  co.  fron\ 

that 


S  A  V 

Aat  of  Cecil,  and  has  the  town?  of  Frcd- 
ericktown,  Georgetown,  and  Salikfras 
on  its  banks.  The  latter  is  5  miles  £. 
by  N.  of  Georgetown,  and  about » ibuth 
of  Warwick. 

Satilla,  Great  and  LittUt  two 
rivers  of  Georgia,  which  fall  into  the 
ocean,  in  Camden  co.  between  the  Ala- 
tamaba  and  St.  Mary's  rivers. 

Saucon,  Upper  and  Lonxvr,,  town- 
fljips  in  Northampton  co.  Pennlylvania. 

Saukies,  or  Saikiesi  an  Indian  tribe 
(eliding  at  Bay  Puan,  in  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, near  the  Minomanies;  which 
fee. 

Saunders  IJIand,  in  the  S.  Atliwtic 
ocean,  one  of  the  Imall  iilands  which 
L.  round  the  two  chief  of  the  Falkland 
Kles. 

Saunders  Ijland,  in  South  Georgia, 
and  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  about 
13  leagues  north  of  Cape  Moptague. 
S.  lat.  SI  J9»  W.  long,  26  54. 

Saunders  Ijhnd^  or  Sir  Charles 
Saunders'  I/land,  called  by  the  natives 
TapoamanaOf  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 
is  reckoned  one  of  the  Society  Iflarrds. 
When  Port  RoyaJ  Bay  at  Otaheice,  is 
S.  70  45  E.  diftant  61  miles,  this  ifland 
bears  S.  S.  W.  S.lat.  17  a8,  W.  long. 
iji  4.    It  is  about  two  leagues  long. 

Saura  Lcwer  Tcnvti  is  lituated  on 
thelbuth  (jde  of  Dan  river,  in  N.  Caro- 
lina. It  was  formerly  the  chief  town 
of  the  Saura  Indiass. 

Saura  Upper  Town,  in  the  fame 
State,  an  ancient  and  well  peopled  town 
of  the  Saura  Indians  ;  (ituated  in  Stokes 
CO.  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  Dan  river, 

Sauteurs,  /e  Morne  des,ox  Leap- 
er*i  mil,  a  precipice  near  the  river  Sau- 
teurs, at  tlie  north  end  of  the  ifland  of 
Grenada.  After  the  year  1650  the 
French  gradually  exterminated  the 
Charaibes ;  near  this  place  they  butch- 
ered 40  of  them  on  the  fpnt ;  and  40 
others,  who  had  efcaped  the  fword, 
threw  themfelves  headlong  into  the  fea 
from  this  precipice,  and  miferable  per- 
iftied.  A  beautiful  young  girl,  ot  iz 
or  13  years  of  age,  who  was  taken  a- 
live,  became  the  objedl  of  difpute  be- 
tween two  of  the  French  officers,  each 
claiming  her  as  a  lawful  prize,  when  a 
third  of  thofe  white  lavages  put  an  end 
to  the  conteft,  by  Ihooting  the  girl 
through  the  head. 

Savage, a  fmall  river  of  Maryland, 
which  runs  fouthward  through  Allegha- 
oy  CO.  4nd  empties  into  the  Patowmac 


S  A  V 

weft  of  George's  Creek.  If,  month  13 
»i  miles  fouth-weft  ut"  Fort  Cumberland, 
and  48  fouth-eaft  of  the  mouth  of  Cheat 
river.  Boats  carrying  10  tons  can  rcaA 
Alexandria  in  4  or  5  days,  but  will  t-.ke 
double  the  time  to  return. 

Savaoe  Creek,  a  fmall  bay  on  the 
north-well  coaft  of  NeuFoundland,  near 
the  weftern  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Mou- 
co,  and  30  leagues  N.  E.  of  Cape  Fer- 
rol. 

Savage  Ijand,  in  the  S.  Pacific  O- 
cean,  is  about  33  miles  in  circuit,  and  i^ 
inhabited  by  favages.  It  is  ovcaun 
with  buflies,  and  has  no  port.  S.  Jat. 
19  2,  W.  long.  169  30. 

Savage  Ijland,  Great,  in  IJudfon's 
Straits.  N.  lat.  6a  aj,  W.  long.  70. 
High  water,  at  full  and  change,  at  10 
o'clock. 

Savaok  Ijland,  Leiver,  in  the  fime 
ftraits,  has  high  v/ater  at  full  and  change 
at  9  o'clock.  N.  lat.  6 1  48,W.long.  66  40. 

Savage  Point,  Upper,  on  the  nortli 
fide  of  Hudfon's  Straits,  fouth-eaft  of 
Cape  Charles,  and  the  north-welt  point 
of  an  inlet  cp  inrto  the  land,  fo  as  to 
form  the  ilfand  of  Good  Fortune. 

Savage  Seund,  a  pafl'age  in  the  north 
part  of  the  Welcome  Sea,  in  Hudfon's 
Bay,  into  Repulfe  Bay.  It  i?  but  littk 
known. 

Savannah,  a  bay  at  the  eaft  end  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua,  near  the  fouth-ealfc 
part  of  Green  Ifland,  on  the  fbuth  fide, 
a  little  weftward  of  Indian  Creek. 

Savannah  Channel,  towards  the 
fouth-eaft  point  of  the  ibuth  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica  ;  a  fliort  way  weft  of 
Port  Morant  Harbour;  between  thera 
is  Fiflierman's  river. 

Savannah, a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  of  Georgia,  and  formerly  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  State  ;  fituated  in  Chat- 
ham CO.  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the  river 
Sa.vannah,  on  a  high  fandy  bluff,  17 
miles  from  tJie  ocean.  The  town  is  reg- 
ularly, built  in  the  form  of  a  parallelo- 
gram, ard,  including  its  fuburbs,  con- 
tained, in  1787,  about  2,300  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  about  Po  or  90  are  Jews. 
More  than  §  of  this  town  was  confumed 
by  fire  in  the  fall  of  j  796.  The  exports 
for  one  yesr,  endinp,  the  30th  of  Sep- 
tember 1794,  amounted  to  the  value  of 
263,830  doilHrs.  This  city  was  bravely 
defended  by  the  Britifh  general  Prevoftj 
againft  a  I'uperior  force,  headed  by 
Count  d'Eltaing  and  Gen.  Lincoln. 
The  allies  made  a  fatal  and  unfuccefsful 

attacl; 


« 

« 


\ 


I  :  ■ 


11!  -lij    IJ  ■!« 

■w;li 


li'i 


8  A  V 

attack  on  the  i8th  of  OJtober,  1779* 
when  they  were  obliged  to  retreat,  al- 
ter having  from  1000  to  iioo  hundred 
mea  kiiled  and  wounded,  it  is  1Z9 
miles N.  by  E.of  St.  Mary's,  ijifouth- 
weil  by  fouch  fcpm  Augulla,  and 925  in 
a  like  dircdion  from  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  3»  3»  W.loDg.  81  24' 

Savannah  RJver  divides  the  State 
of  Georgia  from  that  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  purines  a  courfe  nearly  from  north- 
well  to  Ibuth-eaft.  It  is  formed  chiefly 
of  two  branches,  the  Tugelo  and  Keo- 
vee,  which  Ijtring  from  the  mountains, 
•nd  unite  under  the  name  of  Savannah, 
15  miles  north-weft  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  Wilkes  co.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  veflels  j  7  miles  up  to  Sa- 
vannah, and  for  boats  of  100  teet  keel 
to  Augufta,  After  rifing  a  fall  juft  a- 
bove  this  place»  it  is  paflable  for  boats  to 
the  naouth  of  Tugelo  river.  After  it 
takes  the  ntrae  of  Savannah,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Tugelo  and  Keowee, 
it  receives  a  number  ot  tributary  ftreams, 
from  the  Georgia  lide,  tixe  piincipal  of 
which  is  Broad  river.  Tybee  Bar,  at 
tbc  entrance  of  Savannah  river,  has  16 
ftet  water  at  half  tide.  Tybee  light- 
houfe  lies  in  lat.  32  N.  and  long.  Si  10 
W.  and  from  thence  to  Por.t  Royal  is 
6  leagues  N.  E.  i  E.  The  flood  in  tliis 
river  was  fo  great  in  Feb.  1 796,  that  the 
water  rofe  3$  f^^^  above  its  ordinary 
l^veL  In  Auffufta,  the  ftreets  were 
plied  by  boats  which  could  carry  15  tons. 

Savannah  River,  Liit/e,  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexicoj  nortli-weft  of  St. 
Joleph's  Bay. 

Savannah  la  Mar,  at  the  eaft  end 
of  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo,  is  a  fcttle- 
mcnt  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  bay  of 
S^imana,  oppolite  the  city  of  Saniana  on 
the  north  fide,  and  lies  between  the 
Pay  of  Pearls,  (which  is  an  excdlent 
poit)  and  the  Point  of  Icaque.  It  has 
Its  governor  and  redtor,  and  is  fituated 
at  the  end  of  a  plain,  which  is  more 
tlun  10  leagiu^s  from  eaft  to  weft,  and 
4  wide  from  north  to  fouth.  The  city 
of  Samana  and  this  town  were  both  be- 
gun'in  1756,  and  together  do  not  con- 
tain more  than  500  fouls.  The  anclior- 
age  here  is  only  fit  for  fmall  veflels. 
Shallows  and  breakers  render  the  navi- 
gation very  dangerous  lietween  this 
and  the  point  of  Icaque,  4^  leagues  dif- 
.  tant. 

Savannah  la  Mar,  on  the  fouth  fide 
,  of  die  Illaufi  pf  J^igica,  in  Comwallis 


6  C  A 

county,  has  good  anchorage  for  large 
veflels.  It  was  almoil  entirely  deftroy. 
ed  by  a  dreadful  hurricane  and  inun- 
dation of  the  fca,  in  1780.  It  is  now 
partly  rebuilt,  and  may  contain  froim  60 
to  70  houfes.  It  bears  from  Bluefiold's 
Point  W.  by  N.  i  N.  about  3  leagues. 
N.  lat.  i8  12,  W.  long.  78  6. 

Savfrio,  a  cape  or  point  on  the 
N.  coaft  of  S,  America,  on  that  part 
called  the  Spanilh  Main.  Between  it 
and  the  liland  Barbarata  is  the  opeairi)> 
to  the  ifland  of  Bonaise. 

S  A  VILLA,  St-  2  fmall  town  of  Geor. 
gia,  64  miles  fouth  of  Savannah,  and  6j 
north  of  St.  Mai  y's. 

Savoy,  a  new  townihip,  in  BerkOiire 
CO.  Maflachiifetts,  iwcorporated  in  1797. 

Sawyer's  Ferry,  a  fmall  pott-town 
ofN.  Carolina,  14  miles  from  Nixon- 
ton,  10  frokn  Indiantown,  and  482  from 
Philadelphia. 

Saw Y  E r's,  or  Ajferai')rcs,  Ijland,  en 
the  weft  coaft  of  Mexico  ;  is  of  fmall 
fize,  and  has  on  its  Ibuth-eaft  fide  a 
fmajl  creek  of  its  name,  which  boats 
can  only  enter  at  high  water.  It  is  ij 
miles  from  the  Bar  of  Re*lejo. 

Saxapahaw,  the  uppfer  part  of  the 
north-weft  branch  of  C^pe  Fear  river, 
in  N.  Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  Ara- 
manche  and  Deep  rivers,  and  it  is  fiid 
may  be  made  navigable  for  boats  about 
50  miles. 

S  A  X  E  G  0  T  H  A ,  a  pillage  or  fettlemcD  t 
in  S.  Carolina,  on  the  Ibuthern  bank  o^ 
Congaree  river  ;  about  48  miles  north- 
wefterly  of  Augufta,  in  Georgia. 
^  Saxton's  River,  in  Vermont,  enip- 
ties  into  the  Connefticirf  at  Weftmiiv 
fter. 

Saybrook,  a  poft-town  of  Connefl- 
icut,  Middlefex  co.  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Connedticut  river,  acrofs  which  is  a 
ferry,  on  the  road  leading  to  New-Lon- 
don. It  is  36  rniles  ealt  of  New-Ha- 
ven, 18  weft  of  New-London,  and  319 
north-eaft  of  Philadelphw,  This  is  the 
moft  ancient  town  in  the  State»  having 
been  fettled  by  Mr.  Fenwick  in  1634, 
who  gave  it  its  prefent  name  in  honour 
of  Lord  Say  and  Seal  and  Lord  Brook. 

Scarborough,  a  townfhip  of  the 
Diftridt  of  Maine,  f.^iated  in  Cumber- 
land  CO.  on  the  fea  coaft,  between  Pep- 
perelboroiijih  and  Cape  Elizabeth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1658 ;  contains 
2,23 <  inhabitants;  and  lies  113  miles 
nortnerly  of  Bofton. 

ScARBOROVGH  Ci?v^,  ID  tlic  hurbour 

,  ,.    Pf 


lOtage  for  large  I 

entirely  dcftroy.  I 

icane  and  inun-  I 

1780.    It  is  now  I 

r  contain  frc»m  69  I 

•  from  Bliuiiiold's  I 

about  3  leagues.  I 

g.  78  6.  I 

or  point  on  the  I 

ca,  on  that  part  I 

[din.    Between  it  I 

ata  is  the  openiri|i  I 

S^'  I 

lU  town  of  Geor.    I 
Savannah,  and  6j    I 

n(hip,  in  Berkfliire 
orpotatedin  1797. 
■A  Ihiall  port-town 
liles  from  Nixon- 
)wn,  and  48a  irom    I 

rrajoresj  Ijlandt  on 
:cxice  ;  is  of  fmall 
9  Ibuth-eaft  fide  a 
lanie,  which  boats 
jh  water.  It  is  xi 
)f  Re»lejo. 
s  upptr  part  of  the 
)f  C?pe  Fear  river, 
is  formud  by  Ara- 
■ivers,  and  it  is  faid 
ible  for  boats  about 

;illage  or  fettlemeot 
'e  ibuthern  baftk  o<^ 
out  48  miles  north- 
in  Georgia. 

in  Vermont,  emp- 
aicut  at  Weftmiiv 

.  town  of  Connefl- 
on  the  weft  fide  of 
acrofs   which  is  a 
lading  to  New-Lon- 
eaw  of  New-Ha- 
•London,  and  319 
Jphia,   This  is  the 
n  the  State,  having 
Fenwick  in  1634* 
ent  name  in  honour 
sal  and  Lord  Brook. 
.  townlhip  of  the 
l.iiated  in  Cumber- 
oaft,  between  Pep- 
!ape  Elizabeth.    It 
1658 ;   contains 
and  lies  113  "^iJ^^ 

i^<,  in  tiw  harbcjir 
pf 


■ik.t-f" 


S  C  H 


of  Chebu(!to,  on  the  fouthcrn  doaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  is  on  the  middle  of  the 
weft  fide  of  Cornwallis  Ifland.  It  is  5 
or  6  furlongs  broad»  and  nearly  the 
iaine  in  deptn. 

Scarborough,  a  town  and  fort  in 
the  ifland  of  Tobago,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

5cARs'DALE,  a  townfhip  in  Weft- 
Chefter  co.  New- York,  bounded  weft- 
trly  by  Bronx  river,  and  foutherly  by 
the  town  of  Eaft-Chetter.  It  contains 
a8i  inhabitants,  of  whom  33  are  elect- 
ors.   See  N(nv  Rochelle. 

ScATARi,  a  fmall  uninhabited  ifland 
on  the  eaftcrn  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifl- 
and. It  is  about  6  miles  long  and  2 
broad.  It  ferves  as  a  (helter  to  a  bay 
fiom  the  eaft  and  fouth  which  lies 
fouthward  of  Miray  Bay,  called  Mcna- 
dou,  or  Panadou  Bay.  N.  lat.  46  3, 
W.  loftjg.  59  25-  ^t  was  formerly  call- 
ed LittK  Cape  Breton. 

ScAUYACE,  a!  river  of  New- York, 
which  iflues  from  the  nqrth-cafl:  corner 
of  Seneca,  Lake,  and  I'iparating  the  town- 
(hip  of  Romulus  from  that  ot  Junius  on 
the  north,  empties  into  Cayuga  lake. 

SCHACTECOXE,  Or  Scoghtikoke,  a 
town  (hip  of  New- York,  in  Renflclaer 
CO.  lies  north  of  the  townlhip  of  Renlfe- 
laerwick,  on  Hudfon's  river.  In  1796, 
475  of  the  inhibitants  were  eleftors. 

ScHACADERO,  a  fmall  village  on  the 
Ifthmusof  Darien ;  on  the  eaft  lideof  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Santa  Maria,on  arifing 
Riound,  open  to  the  gulf  of  St.  Michael, 
it  lias  a  fine  rivulet  of  frefli  water,  and 
I'erves  as  a  place  of  refrefliment  to  the 
miners.  The  frefli  breezes  from  the  fea 
render  it  very  healthy,  N.  lat.  7  50, 
W.  long.  825. 

ScH  LOSS  ER  FortfOx  Shijier^  in  the  State 
of  New-York,  is  lituatcd  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Niagara  river,  near  the  celebra- 
ted falls,  on  the  north  bank  of  a  bend  of 
the  river,  and  oppofite  to  the  north-weft 
end  of  Navy  Ifland. 

ScKooACK,  or  S/mihckf  a  townfliip 
in  Renflalaer  co.  New-York,  taken  from 
Renflelaerwick  townftiip,  and  incorpora- 
ted in  1795.  It  is  14  miles  E.  of  Alba- 
ny; and,  in  1796,  there  were  377  of  its 
iDhabitants  electors. 

ScHOENiBRUNN,  Or  the  Beautiful 
Spring,  one  of  the  eaftemmoft  fettle- 
nents  of  the  Moravians  on  Mulkingum 
river.  See  Gnadenhutten.  This  fettle- 
meot of  ChViftiaa  Indians  was  eftablifli- 

«d  in  i77a»  on  a  traft  df  land  granted 

by  the  Duavrare  tribe.     In  1775,  the 


..       SCH  ;. 

chapeK  which  could  contain  500  people^ 
was  found  too  fmall  for  the  hearers,  wh* 
came  in  great  numbers.    It  was  (itua- 
ted  about  30  miles  from  Ge<{elmuck-i 
pechticnk,  70  from  Lake  Erie,  and  7^ 
weft  from  Friedenftadt.    It  had  a  good 
fpring;  a  Imall  lake;  good  planting 
grounds ;  much  game ;  and  every  oth- 
er convenience  for  the  fupportof  anln-^ 
dian  colony.    It  appears  that  a  large 
fortified  Indian  town  forlnerly  ftood 
here  ;  fome  ramparts  and  the  ruins  of 
three  Indian  forts  being  ftill  vifible. 
The  Dclawares  granted  to  the  Chrlftiati 
Indians  all  the  tradt  from  the  en(ra.    e 
of  Gekelrauckpechuenk  Creek  into  i  -? 
Mufldnguni,  to  Tuicsn-awi.   This  thriv 
ing  fcttkment  was  dettroyed  in  1781, 
when  the  Huron  Indians  cairied  the  in- 
habitants to  Sanduflcy ;  and  when  thefe 
peaceable  Indians  were  permitted  to  re- 
turn to  reap  their  harveft,  they  were 
cruelly  butchered  by  the  American  fet- 
tlers,  while  praTfing  God  and  forgiving 
their  enemies.    Congrcfs  granted  4,000 
acres  of  land  here  to  the  lociety  of  the 
United  Brethren  for  the  purpofe  of  pro- 
pagating the  gofpel,  on  Sept.  3,  1788. 

Schoharie,  a  county  of  New- York, 
taken  from  thofeof  Albany  and  Oll'ego, 
and  incorporated  in  1795.  The  land 
is  variegated  with  hills ;  is  in  general 
fertile  and  well  Wtitered  by  Schoharie, 
Cobus  Kill,  and  feveral  other  ftream?. 
The  county  is  liounded  north  by  Mont- 
gomery, Ibuth  by  Ulfter,  eaft  by  Alba- 
ny, ana  weft  by  Otfego.  By  a  law  pafl^ 
ed  17th  March,  1797,  this  county  was 
divided  into  the  fix  following  towns, 
viz.  Schoharie,  Middleberg,  Blenheim^ 
Briftol,  Cobleflcill,  and  Sharon. 

Schoharie,  theprrncipal  town  in  the 
above  co.  i*  on  Schoharie  Creek  or 
river,  and  is  one  of  the  wealthicft  inland 
farming  towns  in  the  State.  The  iniiab- 
itants  are  Dutch,  and,  before  its  divifion 
in  1797  were  1,073  'n  number.  It  is 
between  30  and  40  miles  weftward  of 
Albany* 

Schoharie  River  runs  a  northerly 
courfe  of  about  8c  miles  from  the  Kaats* 
Kill  Mountains,  and  empties  into  Mo- 
hawk river  at  Fort-Hunter.  The  weft- 
em  branch  of  this  river  is  called  Cobus 
Kill.  On  the  E.  fide  of  Cobus  is  the 
fettlement  of  its  name.  The  towns  and 
fettlements  on  Schoharie  were,  in  1796, 
as  you  proceed  from  S,  to  N.  Bataviar 
Fountain's-Town,  Schoharie,  Smith's-. 
Town,  and  Fox-Town. 

SCHOODVCK. 


*I 


m 


\  I 


•\ 


n 


61 


,  -     .      s  c  r 

8c tfoonv c K i  Sec  Frenchman's  Bay, 
{lii(l  ScooMck. 

ScHUYLF.R,  Fortf  Ndv,  in  the  town- 
fhip  of  Rome,  ftands  on  the  weft  fide  of 
a  bend  of  Mohd\vk.  river,  about  7  niUea 
weftwacd  of  Whitcftown. 

SrHUYLEx,  Fort,  Oil,  is  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  4  miles 
E.  N.  E.  of  the  compa>n  jurt  of 
Whitellown,  and  40  above  the  German 
Flats.  Here  were,  in  179^,  35  compadt 
houfes,  fituiited  partly  m  each  of  the 
townlhipu  of  Whitellown  andFranldurt. 
In  1 790,  there  were  but  t,  Imall  huts  here. 

Schuyler,  a  townfliip  of  New-York, 
Heikenier  co.  between  Mohawk  river 
and  Canada  Creek,  20  miles  above  the 
town  of  German  Flats.  In  1796,  ac- 
cording to  tlie  State  cenfus,  it  contained 
i,v,  19  inhabitants,  of  whom  aaa  were 
tlciltors.  It  was  incorporated  in  1792. 
This  town  was  divided  by  aft  of  the 
legiflature  in  1797. 

Schuyler's    Lake,   in   New-York 
Stale,  is  10  miles  weft  of  Lake  Otfego. 
.It  is  9  miles  long  and  4  or  5  broad. 

Schuylkill,  a  river  of  Pennfylva- 
nla,  which  rifes  north -weft  ofthe  Kitta- 
tinny  Mountains,  through  which  it  pafl'- 
es  into  a  fine  champaign  country,  and 
runs,  from  its  fource,  upwards  of  i  ao 
miles  in  a  fouth-eaft  direction,  and  paiT- 
ing  through  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  falls  into  die  Delaware, 
oppofite  Mud  Uland,  6  or  7  miles  below 
the  city.  It  will  be  navigable  from 
above  Reading,  85  or  90  miles  to  its 
mouth,  when  the  canal  begun  at  Norri- 
ton  h  completed.  This  will  pafs  by  the 
falls,  and  alfo  form  a  communication 
•with  the  Delaware  above  the  city. 
There  are  4  floating  bridges  thrown  a- 
crofs  it,  made  of  logs  faftened  together, 
and  lying  upon  die  water,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Philadelphia.  Little  Schuylkill  River 
tails  into  this  river  from  the  north,  at 
Re;iding.  On  the  head-waters  of  Schuyl- 
kill are  quantities  of  coal. 

SciOTA  River,  which  falls  into  the 
Ohio  in  the  territory  of  the  United 
States  N.  W.  of  the  Ohio,  is  larger 
that^  either  the  Muikingura  or  Hock- 
hocking,  and  opens  a  more  extenfive 
navigation.  It  is  paflable  for  large 
barges  for  aod  miles,  with  a  poitsge  of 
only  4  miles  to  the  Sanduflcy,  a  beata- 
ble water  wiiich  falls  into  Lake  Eric. 
Through  the  Sanduflcy  and  Sciota  lies 
the  moft  common  pafs  from  Ciinada  to 
the  Ohio  aad  Milulippi;  qkic  gf  the 


S  C  1 

ni.>ft  extenfive  and  ufijful  commdm'ci* 
tions  that  are  to  be  found  in  any  coun- 
try. Prodigious  extenfions  of  territory 
are  here  coune^ed ;  and,  from  the  ra- 
pidity with  which  the  weftcrn  parts  of 
Canada,  Lake  Krie,  and  die  Kentucky 
countries  are  fettling,  we  may  anticipate 
an  immenfe  intercoorfe  between  them. 
I'he  dour,  corn,  flax  and  hemp,  raifed 
for  exportation  in  that  great  country 
between  the  l^akes  Huron  and  Ontario, 
will  find  an  outlet  through  Lake  Eric 
and  thcfe  rivers,  or  down  the  Miflifippi. 
The  Ohio  merchant  can  give  a  higher 
price  than  thofe  of  Quebec  for  thefe 
commodities ;  as  they  may  be  tranf- 
ported  from  the  former  to  Florida  and 
the  Weft-India  illands,  with  lefs  tx- 
penl'e,  rilk  and  infurance,  than  from  the 
latter;  while  the  expenfe  from  the 
place  of  growth  to  the  Ohio  will  not 
be  i  of  what  it  would  be  to  Quebec, 
and  much  lefs  than  even  to  the  Oneida 
Lake.  I'he  ilream  of  the  Sciota  is  gen- 
tle, no  where  broken  by  falls.  At  lome 
places,  in  the  fpring  of  the  year,  it  o- 
verliows  its  banks,  providing  for  large 
natural  rice  plantations.  Salt  fprings, 
coal  mines,  white  and  blue  clay,  and 
free-ftone,  abound  in  the  country  ad- 
joining this  river.  Its  mouth  is  in  N. 
lat.  38  40,  W.  long.  83  30;  about  300 
miles  below  Pittfburg,  and  is  navigable 
to  its  fource  in  canoes. 

Scipio,  a  poft-town  of  New-York, 
Onondago  co.  on  the  E.  (ide  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  14  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Geneva, 
39  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Onondago,  and  461 
N.  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  This 
townlhip  was  incorporated  in  1794,  and 
comprehendsin  itsjurifdidion  thsitovvn- 
fhip  of  Sempronius,  togeUier  widi  diat 
part  of  the  land?  referved  to  the  Cayuga 
nation  of  Indians,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
Cayuga  Lake ;  fouth  of  a  weft  line 
drawn  from  the  Ibuth-wefterly  corner 
of  the  townlhip  of  Aurelius,  in  the  call 
bounds  of  the  fiiid  refervation  to  the 
faid  Cayuga  Lake.  The  county  courts 
of  Onondago  CO.  are  held  at  Manlius 
and  Scipio  alternately.  The  lands  arc 
very  fertile.  The  courts  are  at  prefent 
held  in  die  pleafant  \ilhge  of  JlurorJ, 
on  the  bank  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Sci  ruATE,  a  townlhip  of  Mafliichu- 
fetts,  on  the  bay  of  that  name,  in  Plym- 
outh CO.  a8  miles  fouth-caft  of  Bolton. 
It'was  incorporated  in  1637,  and  con- 
tains 2,856  inhabitants.  Scituate  har- 
bjui*  is  Q^rtli'welt  uf  Mari}i£eld  Point, 

aad 


SCO 

IfA  8.  S.  E.  of  die  Haddock  Rock,  and 
ftbout  1 6  miles  northward  of  Plymouth, 
in  the  dircdion  of  the  land.  A  mill- 
pond  in  this  town  bting  I'uddcnly  drawn 
off  by  a  breach  in  the  dam,  in  the  win- 
ter feafon,  ibme  years  ago,  exhibited  a 
matter  of  fpeculation  to  many  of  the  in- 
habitants. The  i'wine  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood rooted  tip  houfc  I'wallows  in 
great  quantities,  from  the  fput  which 
the  water  had  left,  which  they  ate  greed- 
ily. Swallows  have  been  found  in  fev- 
vral  other  places  ;  at  Egg  Harbour,  in 
New-Jerfey,  in  a  inarOiy  place,  a  large 
cedar  being  blown  down,  a  vaft  number 
of  fwallows  were  found  in  the  mud  of 
the  root. 

iSciTUATE,  a  townfliip  of  Uhode-Tfl- 
Bnd,  Providence  co.  between  Foftcr  and 
Johnilon.  It  contains  1,^15  inhabitants. 
It  is  37  miles  N.  vv,  of  Newport,  and 
ir  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Providence.  On  the 
line  which  feparates  the  town  from  Kent 
CO.  on  the  fouth,  is  the  fbundery  for 
cannon  and  bells,  called  the  Hope  Fur- 
tiace. 

Scoomcx,  or  Schudick,  a  river  of 
Wafhington  co.  Dilhid  of  Maine.  It 
is  properly  an  arm  of  the  inner  bay  of 
PalFamaquoddy.    De  Mons  and  Cham- 

{jlaine  called  it  Etchemins.  Its  niain 
burce  is  near  Penobfcot  river,  to  which 
the  Indians  have  a  communication  } 
the  carrying-place  acrofs  is  but  3  miles. 
ficoodick  lakes  lie  in  a  chain  between 
Scoodick  and  Penobfcot  rivers. 

Scotch  Plains,  a  village  in  EfTex  co. 
New-Jerfey,  on  a  N.E.  bianch  of  Rari- 
ton  river,  between  Well^held  and  Tar- 
Icy  ;    II  miles  weft  of  Elizabet'i-rown, 
tnd  as  tsir  northward  of  New-brurifwick. 
Scotland  A'i-c^,  a  village  of  N.  Ca- 
rolina, where  is  a  poft-ofhce,  396  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 
Scotland,  AVw.    See  Nova-Scotia, 
Scotland  Rivera  in  the  ifland  of 
Barbadoes,  is  fcarcely  dcfei-ving  notice, 
otherwiie  than  being  ainiotl  ilie  only 
rivulet  in  the  ifland,  except  6t.  Jofeph's 
fiver,  another  fmall  brook.    It  riles  in 
St.  Andrew's  piiiifh,  and  fills  into  Long 
Bay  on  the  eaftcrn  lide  of  the  ifland,  2^ 
miles  noith-wcll  of  St.  Jofeph's  river. 
Scott,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky' 
Scots  Bay,  on  the  fouth-well  ctinft  of 
the   iiland  of  Dominica,  towards  the 
Southern  extremity  of  the  ifland.  It  lies 
in  St.  Martin's  parifh,  having  Scots  Head 
<»n  the  Ibuth,  and  Vaugiioo's  Point  on 
UiQ  fiorth. 


tt^ 


'  ^>...ajii.v'-Jk*'' 


Zz 


SEA 

.■^coTS  Cffit,  on  the  foutli-wcft  part 
of  the  ifland  ol  Jamaica. 

Sco w H F o A N  /.////,  in Kcnncbfck riv- 
er, in  the  Diftriil  of  Maine,  are  nc.tr  the 
town  of  Canaan.  Boats  cannot  pafs  this 
fall. 

_  ScRlVAN,  a  good  harbour  on  the  caft 
fide  of  the  lilhimi^  of  Daricn,  but  fo  full 
of  rocks  at  the  entrance,  that  none  can 
pafs  it  with  faiciy,  but  fuch  as  are  ac- 
quainted there.  It  is  .3  lcague«i  well  of 
Sanballet  Point,  and  17  call  of  Porto 
Bello.    N.  lat.  9  40,  W.  long.  78  49. 

ScRiVEN,  a  new  county  in  the  lower 
diftrid  of  Georgia. 

ScRooN  Lake,  m  the  State  of  New* 
York,  lies  wefl  of  Lake  George,  and  if 
a  dilatation  of  the  cillern  branch  of 
Hudfon's  river.  In  fbmc  maps  it  is  call- 
ed Scaron.  A  fmall  but  rapid  Areani 
enters  into  it,  which,  in  Montgomery 
CO.  run*;  under  a  hill,  the  baic  ot  which 
is  60  or  70  yards  diameter,  forming  4 
mofl  curious  and  beautiful  arch  in  the 
rock,  as  white  as  fnow.  The  fury  of 
the  water  and  the  roughnefs  of  the  bot- 
tom, iudded  to  the  terrific  noife  within, 
has  hitherto  prevented  any  perfbn  frora 
pafHiig  through  the  ch.tlin. 

Scrub  I/land,  one  of  the  fmalicr  Vir- 
gin IiUnds,  iltuatcd  to  tiie  well  (.f  Vir- 
gin Gorda,  and  e^fl  of  the  north  end 
of  Tortilla,  on  which  it  depends.  N. 
lat.  18  25,  weft  long.  6*  57. 

SKABROOK,atownfhipofNew-H;imp« 
fliire,  in  Rockingham  co.  on  the  road 
from  Portimouth  to  Kewbury-?crt  ;  a- 
bout  16  miles  iouthedy  of  the  former, 
and  6  northerly  of  the  latter.  Jt  was 
formerly  part  ot  Hampton  ;  was  incor- 
porated in  1763,  and  contains  715  in- 
habitants, 

Ss  AKOKNF.T  Point  and  Racks,  the  S, 
extieiniiy  of  the  taftern  (hore  which 
forms  the  entrance  of  Narraganfet  Bay, 
in  the  State  of  Rhode-Iiland;  about  6 
miles  eufl-fouth-eaft  of  Newport. 

Seal  Iftand,  Muchias,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  Dilbict  of  Maine.  From  thence 
to  Grand  M.man  Ifland  the  courfc  is 
eai^-north  eait  a  leagues ;  and  to  Ma- 
tinicus  !lland\vert-routh-weil  c6leagues. 
K.  lat.  44  57,  well  long.  6fi5». 

Seal  Rivfi;  in  New  North  Wales, 
runs  eaft  to  Hudfon's  Bay,  into  whicii 
It  empties  eaftward  of  Mode  river. 

Sea  Otter  S'-urd,  on  the  north  wefl 
coall  of  N.  America,  lies  fouth  eailerly 
of  the  Hazy  iilands.  N.  lac.  55  iS,  welt 
long.  133  47  30. 


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Tearsburgh,  a  town/hip  of  Vcr< 
Biont,  Bennington  co.  ii  miles  eafl  of 
Bennington. 
S  F.  A  V  t  Y ' 8  rjlan/i.  See  Pa/la fjqu^ rhcr . 
Sebaco,  an  iiland  on  the  welt  court 
of  Mexico,  13  miles  north  of  Point  Ma- 
fiat,  and  45  north-caft  of  (Juicara. 

Sebacook,  or  Stbn^o,  i\)ond.  or  lake 
of  tlie  Diftridt  of  M.iinc,  i8  miles  N. 
W.  of  Portland,  is  equal  in  extent  to  a 
large  townfhips,  and  is  conne6>ed  with 
Lung  Pond  on  the  north-weft  by  Sun- 
go,  or  So'"^.  river.  The  whoie  ex- 
tent of  thcfe  waters  is  nearly  30  miles 
north-weft  and  louth-taft. 

Sebarima,  one  cf  the  principal 
mouths  of  Oronoco  river  that  is  nav- 
igable for  (hips. 

Seuascodeagan  ^rw:/.  Set  Harp/- 
'well. 

Skbastacook,  a  river  of  the  Diftrift 
of  Maine,  that  rifcs  in  Jakes  nearly  N. 
from  its  mouth ;  and  in  its  windings 
receives  brooks  and  fmall  ftreams  ior 
the  fpace  of  ijo  miles,  and  joins  the 
Kennebeck  at  Taconnet  Fall,  where 
Fort  Halifax  was  erecflcdin  1754.  The 
fall  is  18  miles  from  Fort  Weftern,  which 
•was  built  in  1 7j;  2.  Its  numerous  ftreams 
abound  with  fmall  iilh,  as  alewives,  &c. 
Sebastian,  Caps  St.  the  eaftern 
point  of  the  Gull  of  Darien^  on  the 
coaft  of  the  S(»anifh  Main,  is  10  leagues 
from  the  weftern  point  of  Cape  1  ibu- 
ron.  Here  was  formerly  a  city,  which 
•was  abandorved  on  account  of  its  un- 
•wholefome  (ituation. 

SErASTiAV;  Capt  St.  on  the  Qoaft  of 
California.     N.  lat.43,  W.  lon^.  126. 
Sebastian,  5/.  or  Rio  jfamiro.   See 
Rio  Janeiro, 

Sebastian,  St.  a  town  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  on  tl«5  eaftern  fide  of  tlie  Gulf  of 
Darien. 

Sebastian  IJlandj  St.  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  is  S,  VV.  by  W.  from  the  bay 
of  Angra  dos  Reys  ;  to  the  eaftward  of 
•which,  arc  feveral  other  iflands  of  Icfs 
note.  The  city  of  Stbaftian  is  large  and 
handfome,  and  the  capital  of  the  province 
of  Rio  Janeiro,  being  fcatcd  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  of  that  name.  S.  Jat.  az  54, 
W.  long.  43  II. 

Sebastian  Rivefy  St. or  Spanijh Ad- 
miral''s  Creekt  on  the  E.  coaft  ot  Eaft- 
Florida,  has  communication  with  Indian 
river.  Oppofite  this  river  the  admiral 
of  the  Pl'rite  Fleet  pcrilhcd  in  1715. 
The  reft  of  the  fleet,  14  in  number,  were 
lull  between  )lii$  and  the  Beach  yard. 


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3  E  O 

_  Seba  JTi AM  de  la  Plata, a  fmall  pla^^n 
in  the  jurifdidtion  of  Popavan,  in  the 
province  of  Qiiito,  6  miles  N.  F,.  of  Po- 
payan.  It  ftands  on  a  large  plain  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  Galli,  and  is  fub- 
jcd  to  earthquakes.  There  are  (liver 
mines  in  its  viun>y.  N.  lat.  3  44,  W. 
long.  74  I, 

Sebou,  or  5<7;o«, fmall  illan^s  on  the 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  iflaiid,  off  the  ibutU 
point  of  Poit  Uauphin. 

Sfcas  Islands,  or  Dry  Ijla/Tds,  on 
the  W.  coaft  of  New- Mexico,  are  witli- 
in  Bahia  Honda,  or  Deep  Bay,  and  .xa 
miles  from  Point  Chiriqui,  the  limit  of 
the  bay. 

SKCHTjRA,a  town  of  Peru,  10  league? 
fouth  of  Piura,  (ituatcd  on  the  bank  of 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  a  league  from 
the  ocean.  It  contains  about  aoo  fami- 
lies, all  Indians ;  chiefly  employed  in 
(ilhing  or  driving  of  mules.  They  ^rc 
remarkably  ingenious,  and  generally 
fuccoed  in  ■whatever  they  apply  thcm- 
(iilves  to.  The  Defert  of  Stchura  is  a 
frightful  walte  of  fand,  extending  30 
leagues  to  the  town  of  Morope  }  which 
fee.    S.  lat.  5  3a  33,  W.  long.  79  4a. 

Sfcklong,  a  town  of  New-Spain,  on 
the  Mofquito  (hore,  on  the  north-wcft- 
ern  (ide  of  Golden  river;  about  100 
miles  from  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river. 

Skd,  Cape,  a  promontory  on  the  Tf. 
fide  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba,  and  18  leagues 
from  the  Havannah. 

Sedgwick,  a  town(hip  of  the  Dif- 
tri(5t  of  Maine,  Hancock  co.  on  Naf- 
keag  Point,  which  bounds  Penobfcot  orj 
the  north-eaft.  It  extends  up  to  tlie 
town  of  Penobfcot,  and  is  315  miles 
nortli-eaft  of  Bofton. 

Skekhonk  River  is  the  name  of  that 
part  of  Pawtucket  river  below  Pawtuck- 
et  bridge  and  falls  \  from  which  to  its 
mouth  at  Fox  Point,  in  the  town  of 
Providence,  is  a  little  more  than  4  milesi. 
Over  it  are  2  bridges,  conne<^ing  Provi- 
dence in  Rhode-Iliand,  with  the  State 
of  Maffiichufetts,  viz.  India  bridge,  and 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  above  that  Ceti' 
tral  bridge.    See  Panutuckd. 

See  WEE  Bay,  or  Bull's  Harbour  t  on 
the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina^lies  nearly  at  an 
equal  diilance  fouth-weft  of  Cape  Ro- 
man, and  north-eaft  of  Charlefton  En- 
trance, having  feveral  illes  which  form 
the  bay. 

Segovia,  Nt'w,  a  fmall  city  in  the 
jurifdicliou  of  Guatimala)  in  New  SpaiH, 

JO 


i|ii 


SEN 

fo  miles  north  of  New  Oranlda.  It 
ias  fcveral  gold  mines  in  its  neic>hl>our- 
hood,  tliemgn  the  city  is  fmall  and  thinly 
inhabited.  N.Jai.  1242,  W.long.  ftj  31. 

SsouATANtio.    See  Chquetan. 

Sbouinb  //7<r/;7,  or  ScfrurN,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Dillridt  of  Maine,  is  one  of 
the  fouthLinniofl  illands  in  Cafbo  Bay  ; 
between  Cape  Small  Point  and  George- 
town. 'I'herc  is  a  ligiit  houfc  on  tnis 
ifland  which  containb  a  repeating  light, 
fo  conftrU'5>cd  astodifappcar  once  evci  y 
minute  and  a  half,  which  dilHnguilhcs  it 
from  Portland  light.  N.  lat.  43  56, 
W.  long.  69  ao. 

Se  G  u  R  A  (/(f  /a  Frentera,  a  large  town 
in  the  jprovince  of  Tlarcalii,  and  king- 
dom  of  Mexico,  70  miles  weft  of  Xa- 
lappa,  and  in  the  road  troin  Vera  Cruz 
to  Mexico.  The  furrounding  country 
has  a  temperate  air,  and  is  remarkably 
fruitful,  producing  large  quantities  of 
corn  and  fruits,  particularly  grapes.  N. 
Jat.  19  a8,  W.  long.  100  ro. 

SfiMiNOLEs,  a  oivilion  of  the  Creek 
nation  of  Indians.  They  inhabit  the 
flat,  level  country  on  the  rivers  Apalii- 
chicola  and  Flint.     See  Cahs. 

Sempronius,  a  townlhip  of  New- 
York,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Ononaago,  is  »o  miles  ibuth-eall 
from  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake.  It  is 
withdi  the  jurifdidion  ot  the  townlliip 

Seneca,  a  town  of  New- York,  O- 
nondago  CO.  lately  laid  off  into  ilreets 
«nd  fquares,  on  the  north  fide  of  Seneca 
Falls.  The  enterpriling  proprietors 
are  erecting  flour  and  faw  mills,  of  the 
beft  kind,  on  this  never  failing  ftream  ; 
and  from  its  central  fituation,  both  by 
land  and  water,  between  the  eaftern  and 
weftern  countries,  being  at  the  carrying 
place,  it  promifes  a  rapid  incrcafc.  The 
proprietors  have  expended  large  fums 
of  money,  not  only  in  creeling  mills,  biit 
in  building  a  convenient  bridge  acrofe 
Seneca  river,  and  are  now  co-operating 
with  the  enterprifing  Gen.  Williamfon 
in  making  a  good  waggon-road  to  Ge- 
neva. 

Seneca  Creek,  in  Maryland,  has  two 
branches ;  one  of  which  is  called  Little 
Seneca.  It  empties  into  Patowmac  riv- 
er, about  19  miles  N.  W.  of  the  mouth 
of  Rock  Creek,  which  feparates  George- 
town  from  Wafliington  city. 

Seneca  Lake.  See  Canada  Sago 
Lake. 

Sen£CA  Riv.Ti  in  the  State  of  New- 


S-E  It 

York,  rifcs  in  the  Seneca  country  ;  rum 
eallwardly,  and  m  its  padage  receives 
the  waters  ot  Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes, 
(which  lie  north  and  foutli  10  or  i» 
miles  apart ;  each  is  between  ^o  and  40 
miles  in  length,  and  a  mile  in  breadth) 
and  empties  into  the  Onondago  river,  14 
miles  below  the  falls,  at  a  pl.ice  called 
the  Three  Rivers.  The  riviM  is  beata- 
ble from  the  lakes  downwards.  Within 
half  a  mile  of  the  river  is  the  famous 
Salt  Lake.  See  Qnendag9  Csunty,  and 
Miiitary  Tiyixnjhips. 

iJtNiCAS,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  one  of 
the  .S/x  Nations.  Th^y  inhabit  on  (^.e- 
nefllt  liver,  at  the  Geueflee  Caftle.  The 
tribe  confifts  of  about  1780  fouls.  They 
have  two  towns  of  60  or  70  fouls  each, 
on  French  Creek  in  Pcnnlylvania,  and 
another  town  on  BufTaloj  Crfek,,  and 
two  fmal!  towns  on  Allegheny  river. 

Sknter.  Harbour^  in  the  north- weft 
part  of  Lake  VVinni[)ifeogce. 

StHAkATioN  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  's  ,^  leaj^ues  within  Ctpe  Pil- 
lar, at  the  weft  end  of  the  Strait?,  and 
lies  weft  of  Tucfday  Bay. 

Serena,  La.    See  C<?/7«/wA». 

Serecippe,  a  captaininip  of  Brazil, 
fb  named  fi  om  a  rivtr  of  the  fame  name, 
running  through  die  middle  of  it,  and 
falling  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat. 
II  IS  fouth.  It  is  bounded  north  by 
the  river  St.  Francis,  and  fou'li  by  that 
of  Todos  los  Santos.  It  produces  fugar 
and  tobacco  in  confiderable  qu.;  liuts. 

Slri-gippf,  the  capital  of  the  above 
captainfllip,  with  a  harbour  on  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  40  leagues  N.  E.  of 
St.  Salvadore.  It  is  (ituatcd  on  a  rifing 
ground  on  the  north  fide  of  Vazabaris 
river,  -;,'!  miles  from  the  fea.  It  is  very 
inconfidq;able  ;  but  has  fome  filver 
mines  in  its  neighbourhood.  S.  lat.  11 
20,  W.  long.  31  2. 

Sbrrana,  an  illc  between  Jamaica 
and  the  coafl  of  Nicaragua,  whichltook 
its  name  fron)  ore  Sfrrana,  who  parted 
with  the  fleet  from  Spain,  in  the  time  of 
Charles  V.  and  was  llupwreckedon  the 
rocks  of  this  ifland ;  bur  having  gained 
the  fiiorc  by  fwimniing,  he  found  there 
neither  herbs,  trees,  nor  water,  and  went 
overall  tiie  ifland,  which  is  about  6  miles 
in  c';c-"it,  without  finding  any  thing  to 
quencii  thirft  or  fatisfy  hunger.  Prefled 
at  laft  with  extreme  hunger,  he  caught 
fome  crabs  on  the  ftiore,  which  were  his 
foodifor  fome  days ;  and  then  feeing  large 
turtles  which  carae  ailwre>  he  caught 

ibmc 


ill 


UiinwAiw   ■"• 


'^■W"/'*'l(W."Wp-* 


S  E  V 

fome  of  them.  Having  lived  for  three 
years  in  this  manner,  on  crabs  and  tur- 
ties,  and  drank  nothing  but  rain-water 
which  he  gathered  in  turtle-fliells,  he 
difcovered  another  companion  in  mif- 
fortune,  who  had  alfo  bfjen  ftiipwreck^ 
ed.  This  companion  was  fome  com- 
fort to  him,  and  they  lived  four  years 
together ;  at  the  end  of  which  time,  a 
veifel  coming  near  the  ifland,  carried 
them  both  to  Spain. ^  The  laft  of  thefe 
died  on  the  way  thither ;  but  Serrarta 
•was  carried  to  Germany,  and  prefented 
to  Ciiarles  V.  as  a  kind  of  p'  odigy,  for 
all  his  body  was  o^xrjjrown  with  hair  like 
a  bear,  and  his  b-.ard  came  down  to  his 
waill.  The  emperor  beftowed  on  him 
4,800  ducats  to  be  paid  in  Peru ;  but 
he  died  on  his  way  to  Panama,  as  he 
was  going  to  receive  them. 

.Seseme  ^uartt  a  river  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  which  emi^des  through  the 
weftern  bank  of  Illinois  nver,  about  i8o 
miles  from  the  Miffiflppi.  Its  mouth  is 
40  yards  wide;  and  the  land  bordering 
on  it  is  vrry  good.  It  is  boatable6o  miles. 

Seven  Brothers,  fmall  iilands  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go. They  lie  oppofite  the  mouth  of 
Monte  Chrifl:  river,  or  Grand  Yaqui. 
They  have  occafioned  feveral  wrecks, 
and  prove  a  flicker  to  privateers. 

Seven  IJlaJtJs  Bay,  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  ;  2? 
leagues  from  the  weft  end  of  the  idand 
of  Anticol>i,  and  in  lat.  50  lo  N.  It 
n-^?  one  of  the  French  pofts  for  trading 
\vith  tii^  Indians,  and  has  a  very  fccure 
harbour  for  i1iii>s  in  any  wind. 

Sevf.rn,  a  fm.MI  river  of  Maryland, 
of  (hort  courfc,  which  runs  fouth-caft 
to  Chefiipeak  Bay.  It  pafles  by  Annap- 
olis city  on  the  N.  and  empties  into  the 
bay  about  two  miles  below  the  city. 

Severn,  a  river  of  New  South 
Wales,  which  purfucs  a  north-eafterly 
courfe,  and  enters  Hudfon's  Bay  at  Se- 
vern Houil',  which  is  160  miles  eaft  of 
York  Fort, 

SEvi|-K,a  countyofTennefFee,  Ham- 
ilton diftrid.  In  1795,  it  cor.tained, 
according  to  the  State  cenfus,  1,578  in- 
habitants, including  1^9  flaves. 

Eevim.a  Nueva,  a  town  which  was 
founded  by  the  famous  Efcjuivel,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  ifland  oi  Jamaica  ;  a 
little  to  the  wefhvard  (,i  Mimmce  Ray, 
jmd  the  fpot  which  had  been  honoured 
by  the  refidence  of  Columbas,  after  hi"? 
ihip.vrecl;  in  ijoj.    It  ;»  now  called 


e  H  A 

Seville  Plantation ;  and  the  ruins  of  »^ 
ancient  town  are  ftill  vifible  in  fon.  ^f 
the  cane-lields. 

5eweb  Bay,  or  Bull's  Harbour,  on 
the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina,  is  foath-weft 
of  Cape  Carteret.    The  long  and  nar- 
row  ifland  called  Racoon  Keys  is  be- 
tween Cape  Carteret  Ifland  and  the  en- 
trance  to  this  harbour,  which  is  at  the 
N.  E.  end  of  BuH's  Ifland.    Ste  Seftuee, 
Seybo,  or  Sffyvo,  a  fetdement  in  the 
fouth-eaft  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, on  the  upjJtr  road  from  Higuey 
to  St.  Domingo  city;  18  leagues  weft 
by  nortli  of  the  former,  and  44  N.  E.  of 
the  latter.    It  is  slfo  i»  leagues  north 
of  the  litde  ifland  of  St.  Catherine,  on 
the  fouth  caft  of  the  main  ifland.    It 
is  not  that  founded  in  150a,  by  John  of 
Efquivel,  but  a  fcttlement  formed  in 
the  fame  canton  about  do  years  ago  by 
feveral  graziers,  and  has  a  place  of  wor- 
(hip.    Towards  the  year  1780  it  had 
augmented,  but  is  now  falling  to  decay. 
The  pariih  contains  more  than  4,000 
perfons ;   the  greateft   part  of  whom 
arc  graziers  or  herdfmcn,  free  negroes 
or  people  of  colour. 

Shaftsbury,  a  confidcrable  and 
flourilhing  townftiip  of  Vermont.  It 
has  Arlington  on  the  north  and  Ben- 
nington on  the  fouth,  and  contains  1999 
inhabitants. 

Shag  I/Idfid,  near  the  entrance  into 
Chriftmas  Sound,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  The 
entrance  to  Port  Clerke  in  this  found 
is  juft  to  the  north  of  fome  Ipw  rocks 
which  lie  off  a  point  of  Slug  Ifland. 

Shallow  Fard,  is  that  part  of  Ten- 
neflee  river  which  is  laoo  yards  broad ; 
la  miles  above  the  ffhirL  It  lies  be- 
tween  Chatanuga  and  Chickaugo  rivers 
which  fall  in  froiV»  the  fouth-eaft. 

SHALLrtw  Ifater,  Point,  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  N.  Americ; ,  lies  in  lat.  63 
N,  Between  this  point  and  Shoal  Ncfs, 
which  is  3  degrees  of  lat,  to  the  fouth- 
ward,  Capt.  Cook  did  not  explore  the 
coaft,  in  account  of  the  fhallow  water 
he  met  with, 

6  H  A  M  B  E ,  a  fmall  river  of  Weft-Flor- 
ida, which  empties  into  Penfacola  Bay. 
It  admits  fliallops  fome  miles  up,  and 
boats  upwards  of  .?o  miles. 

Sh  A  MO  KIN,  a  former  Moravian  fct- 
tlement, a  little  below  the  town  of  Sun- 
bury,  in  Pennfylvania. 

SfiAfiNOCK  Oufiiry.  See  Khods-'^JU 
and  Steti,'' 

SKAPLEIGKj 


n 


S  H  A  ' 

,  SHAPLBioH,  a  townfhip  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of  MainCj  on  the  weft  line  of  York 
CO.  at  the  head  of'Moulbm  river.  It 
was  incorpoiated  in  1785,  contains 
1,^29  inhabitants,  and  lies  108  miles  N. 
ofBofton. 

Sharon,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Windfor  co.  eaftward  of  Koyalton,  and 
wellward  of  Norwich  on  White  river. 
It  contains  369  inhabitants. 

Sharon,  a  townihip  of  Maflachu- 
ff'.s,  Norfolk  CO.  10  niiles  fouth-weft- 
eiiy  of  Bofton.  It  was  taken  from 
Stoughton,  and  incorporated  in  1765. 
It  contains  1,994  inhabitants. 

Sharon,  a  townfliip  of  Connefticut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  bounded  eail  by  Corn- 
wall, from  which  it  is  feparated  bv 
Houfatonic  river,  and  weft  by  the  eafl 
line  of  New- York  State.  It  is  about  la 
•miles  north-weft  of  Litchfield. 

Sharon,  a  village  in  Georgia,  about 
5  miles  from  Savannah.  In  this  place, 
juft  at  the  clofe  of  the  war.  Gen.  Wayne 
was  attacked  in  a  furious  manner  by  3 
body  of  Cherokee  Indians,  headed  by  a 
Britilh  officer.  They  fought  hand  to 
hand  manfully,  and  took  a  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery. But  Gen.  Wayne,  at  the  haz- 
ard of  his  own  hfe,  gained  the  viflory. 
Sharon,  anew  town  in  Schoharie 
CO.  Nf^w-York,  incorporated  in  1797. 
Shark STOWN,  in  Queen  Ann's  co. 
Maryland.    See  Keni  County. 

Sharpsburg,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
land, Waftiington  co.  about  z  miles 
from  Patowniack  riv>ir,  and  nearly  op- 
poGte  to  Shepherdftown,  in  Virginia,  at 
the  mouth  of  Shenandoah  river.  It 
contains  a  church,  and  about  i.^o  houf- 
es.  It  is  9  miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Williams 
port,  69  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore,  and 
x8i  W.  S.  W.  ofPhi'adelphia. 

Shawan&e,  and  SDavanon  ;  the  for- 
mer the  Indian,  and  the  latter  the 
French  name  of  Cumberland  river,  in 
the  State  of  Tenneflee.  It  is  alfo  call- 
ed SkiTuianoe. 

S  H  A  w  a  N  E  s  E ,  or  ShaivatioeSf  an  In- 
dian nation,  great  numbers  of  whom 
have  joined  the  deck  confcdera-y. 
They  have  4  towns  pn  the  Tallapoofee 
river,  containing  .300  warriors ;  and 
more  are  expe<5ted  to  remove  thither. 
By  tlie  treaty  of  peace,  Aug.  3,  1795, 
Tnc  United  States  agreed  to  p:iy  to 
this  tribe  a  funi  in  hand,  and  1000  dol- 
lars a  year  forever,  in  goods.  They  in- 
habit alfo  on  Scioto  river,  and  a  brancli 
of  the  Miui{in£um,  and  have  their 


SHE 

hunting-groiinds  between  Ohio  river 
and  Lake  Erie,  They  are  generally  of 
afmall  fize,r.ithcr  handfome  m  their  fea- 
tures, and  are  a  voiy  cheerful  and  craf- 
ty people.  Counielling  amoi^g  their 
old  people,  ard  dancing  among  their 
young  men  and  women,  rake  up  a  great 
part  of  their  time. 

Shawangunk,  a  towndiip  in  Ulfter 
CO.  New-York  ;  bounded  eafterly  by 
Newburgh  and  Marlborough,  &nd 
foutherly  by  Montgomery  and  the 
Platte  Kill.  It  contains  4,128  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  whom  jaj  are  cleftors,  and 
.^50  Haves.  It  IS  20  miles  trom  Go. 
flien,  and  12  from  New-Paltz. 

Shawsheev,  a  conliderable  ftream 
of ' '  '' -  '  ufetts,  which  riies  in  Bedford, 
in  Midi  .-fex  co.  and,  paiTmg  through 
Bitler"^a,  Tewkfburyand  Andover,  cuC« 
charges  itfelf  into  Merrimack  liver. 
bHiBA  IJIanii.  See  Sj5.7, 
Shecatjca,  a  bay  of  very  irregular 
fliape  and  breadth,  on  the  coaft  of  La- 
brador, N.  ^Imerica ;  having  an  ifland 
ot  iia  r.-.'rnc:  at  its  mouth.  It  is  fituated 
between  lat.  51  14  and  51  28  N.  and 
between  long.  5816  and  58  22  W. 

Shechary,  a  lake  of  New  North 
Wales,  formed  like  a  bow.  It  receives 
Churchill  river  from  the  fouth-weft  and 
at  its  N.  E.  end  has  communication 
with  Berbazon  Lake,  which  lies  due  N. 
and  fouth.  At  the  fouth  end  of  the 
latter,  the  waters  of  both  Lakes  run  eall 
under  the  name  of  Seal  river,  which 
empties  into  Hudfon's  Bay  at  Churchill 
F"'t,  between  Button's  Bay  on  the  N. 
and  Cipe  Churchill  on  the  fouth-galt. 
Both  lakes  arc  long  and  narrow. 

Shediac,  a  harbour  on  the  eaftera 
coaft  of  New-Brunfwick,  and  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  ; 
53  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Miramichi  Bay. 
S  H  E  F.  p  s  c  0  T,  or  Sheep/cut,  a  fmall  riv- 
er of  the  Diftri<St  of  Maine,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  ocean  to  the  eaft  of  Ken^ 
nebeck,  and  is  navigable  ao  or  30  miles. 
On  the  weft  fide  of  this  river  is  the  ex- 
cellent port  called  Wifcaflct,  in  the 
townihip  of  Pownalborou^h.  Newcaftle 
townihip  is  at  the  head  ot  navigation  00 
this  river,  and  expends  from  sheepfcoi 
to  Damarifcotta  river.    The  compad 
part,  which  is  a  poll-town,  is  10  miles 
north-eaft  of  WiltrafTct.    Sheepfcot  har- 
bour has  high  water,  at  full  and  change, 
45  minutes  after  10  o'clock  ;  depth,  9 
fathoms. 
Sheep's  Cove,  o«i  the  caft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland, 


:lii;fi 

'1',  I*'  ii\ . 


Ml     J-  ' 


«  I   'J 

I: 


SHE 


S  H  t   •' 


Newfoundland,  . 'es  between  Bay  Rob- 
ert and  Port  Grav; . 

Sheffieli),  a  townftiip  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  Caledonia  co.  Vermont. 

SHEFFIELD,  a  polt-town  of  Mafla- 
chiifetts,  Berkiliire  co.  30  miles  I'wiith- 
cart  of  Hudion  in  the  Srate  of  New- 
York,  I4J  weft-fouth-wcft  of  Bolton, 
and  457  north-eaft  of  Philadelphia,  't 
vras  incorporated  in  1733,  and  contains 
1,899  inhabitants.  Houi'atonic  river, 
which  is  nine  rods  in  breadth,  p.sflcs 
thi-ough  it  from  north  to  fouth,  which 
with  its  branches  fupply  water  for  fev- 
cral  mills  and  iron-works.  South  Moun 
tain  extends  the  whole  length  of  the 
town,  along  the  call:  fide  of  the  river. 
ShelbuR-ne,  a  town/hipof  Vermont, 
Chittenden  co.  on  the  ealt  lide  of  Lake 
Champlain.  It  has  Burlington  on  the 
north,  and  Charlotte  on  th"  lour'  and 
contains  389  inhabitants. 

Shelbornf,,  an  interior  ..  .n.....^^,  m 
Grafton  co.  New-Hampfhire.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1769,  and  contains  2s 
ii^habitants. 

Shelburne,  a  townfliip  in  Ilamp- 
fhire  county,  Mafiachufetts,  adjoming 
Greenfield. 

Shelburve,  a  town  of  Noi'a-Scotia, 
at  the  head  of  a  bay  which  runs  up 
from  Port  Rofeway,  at  ths  fouth-wclt 
part  of  t!ie  province.  In  1783,  it  con- 
tained 60c  families,  but  is  now  Icfs 
populous.  It  is  18  miles  north-eaft  of 
Barrincton,  and  88  fouth-weft  by  fouth 
cf  Halifax. 
Shelby,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky. 
Shelter  Ijland,  at  tne  eail  end  of 
Long  Ifland,  m  Suffolk  co.  New- York, 
lies  3  leagues  weft  of  Gardner's  Ifland. 
It  is  about  5  miles  from  call  to  weft, 
and  7  from  north  to  fouth.  It  is  a  fruit- 
ful fpot,  containing  about  8000  acres ; 
was  incorporated  m  1788,  and  contains 
201  inhabitants,  of  whom  34  are  eledt- 
ors.  Confiderable  numbers  of  catde, 
flieep  and  poultry  are  raifed  here. 
When  vou  leave  Shelter  Ifland  on  your 
larboard  hand,  and  run  weft  by  north 
about  .;  or  6  miles,  you  will  open  a  large 
bay  where  :oo  fail  of  vefTels  may  lie  fa.' 
and  anchor  ii>  3  or  4  fathoms. 

Shenandoah,  a  county  of  Virginii., 
bounded  north  by  Frederick,  and  fouth 
by  Rockingham.  It  contains  io,.?io 
inhabitants,  includ<ng.5iaflaves.  Chief 
tovn,  Woodftock. 

Shsnandoah,  a  iver  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  ia  Auguiia  co.  and  after  run- 


ning a  north-eaft  courfe  of  about  to* 
miles,  it  joins  the  Patowmack  in  about 
lat.  38  4>  jnft  before  the  latter  burfts 
through  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  naviga- 
ble about  100  miles ;  and  may  be  ren- 
dered  fo  nearly  its  whole  courfe  at  a 
fmall  expenfe.  When  this  is  done,  it 
will  bear  the  produce  of  the  richeft  part 
of  the  State. 

Shenandoah  Vidley, extends  from 
Winchefter,  in  Virginia,  to  Carlifle  and 
the  Siifquehsnnah,  in  Pennfylvania,  and 
is  chiefly  inhabited  by  Germans  and 
Dutch. 

Shepherosfield,  a  plantation  of 
the  Diftrid  of  Maine,  in  Cumberland 
CO.  containing  .^30  inhabitants. 

S  h  E  p  H  E  R  D  s  T  o  w  K ,  or  Shcpherd/hurg^ 
a  poft-town  of  Virginia,  (ituated  iii  Berk- 
ley co.  on  tlie  fouth  fide  of  Patowmack 
river.  Its  fituation  is  healthy  and  agree- 
able, and  the  neighbouring  country  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  It  contains 
about  2000  inhabitants,  moftly  of  Ger- 
man extraftion.  It  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
Shenandoah  river,  oppofite  to  Sharpf- 
burg ;  10  miles  eaft  by  fouth  of  Mir- 
tinfburg,  and  j  78  fbuth-weft  by  weft  of 
Philadelphia. 

Sherburne,  in  Mafiachufetts }  fee 
Nafitticket. 

Sherburne,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  Herkeiner  co.  By  the  State  cen- 
fus  of  1796,  it  contains  483  inhabitants, 
of  whom  79  are  elecftors. 

Shetucket,  a  river  of  Conncdicut, 
which  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
Wi|!.>rrantic  and  Mount  Hope  rivers, 
a  ui  asV.'-  running  eaft  a  few  miles,  pur- 
■'..'?•  •  f<  uthern  courfe,  and  uniting  with 
"'  vnna'r;  river,  empties  into  the 
'i  ..v.r.  .?  the  fouth  part  of  the  town- 
fhipt'  *To'^wich. 

Shims;.*:  Port^  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St, 
Lawrence.  Its  entrance,  weft  of  St. 
Peter's  harbour,  is  very  narrow  ;  but 
the  bafon  within  is  very  fpacious. 

Shining  Mountahu,  m  the  north- 
weft  part  of  North-America,  are  little 
knov/H.  It  is  conjedured  that  they  ter- 
minate in  about  Irit.  47  or  48  N.  where 
a  number  of  rivers  rife,  and  empty 
hcmfclvf^s  either  into  the  North  Pacific 
Oi:cr  i),  into  Hudfon's  Bav  ;  into  the 
waters  which  lie  between  tbem,  or  into 
tlie  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  calltd 
aifo  the  MotPitaint  ofjLri^ht  Stones,  on 
account  of  the  immenfe  niuober  of  large 
cryftals,  (hooting  froni  the  rocks,  and 

fparkljng 


Y 


;  pf  about  »©• 
vmack  in  about 
he  latter  buitta 
e.  It  is  naviga- 
id  may  be  ren. 
hole  courfe  ut  a 
this  is  done,  it 
■  the  richeft  part 

y,  extends  from 
I,  to  Carlifle  and 
ennfylvania,  and 
y  Germans  and 

a  plantiition  of 
,  in  Cumberland 
abitants. 

ox  Shepherdfbiirgy 
,  fituated  in  Berk, 
le  of  Patowm;ick 
ealthy  and  agree- 
(iiring  conntry  is 
ited.  It  contains 
s,  moftly  of  Ger- 
es at  the  mouth  vTf 
pofue  to  Sharp'- 
)y  fouth  of  M'.tr- 
h-weft  by  weft  of 

klaflachufetts }  fee 

)wnfliip  of  New. 

By  the  State  cen- 
is  483  inhabitants, 
L)rs. 

er  of  Connefticuu 
J  the  junftion  of 
sunt  Hope  rivers, 

a  few  miles,  pur- 

and  uniting  with 
mpties    into    the 

part  of  the  town- 

the  north  fide  of 
,  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
ince,  weft  of  St. 
'ery  narrow  ;  but 
ry  fpacious. 
US,  m  the  north- 
^.merica,  are  little 
ured  that  they  ter. 
7  or  48  N.  where 
rife,  and  empty 
the  North  Pacific 
s  Bav  ;  into  the 
/een  them,  or  into 
They  are  ca-'ltd 
x.rifrkt  Stones,  on 
fenur.iber  of  large 
the  rocks,  and 
iparkling 


t  H  R 

fparkling  in  the  rays  of  the  fun,  fo  as  to 
te  feen  at  a  great  aiilance. 

Shi?  IJlanJy  lies  between  Horn  and 
Cat  Iflaiid,  on  the  coatt  of  Weft-Flori- 
da, and  is  about  10  miles  fouth  of  tlie 
Bay  of  Biloxi.  It  is  9  miles  long  and  a 
broad  ;  produces  pine  trees  and  grafs, 
and  has  a  tolerable  well  of  water  in  it. 

Shi PPANDSTOWN,  in  Virginia,  on  the 
fouth  frde  of  the  Patowmack,  40  or  50 
miles  fiom  Alexandria. 

SHiPHENSBURG,apoft-townofPenn- 
fylvania,  Cumberland  co.  on  a  branch  of 
Conedogwinnet  Creek,  which  empties 
into  the  Sufquehannah  ;  and  contains 
about  60  houfes,  chiefly  built  of  ftone. 
It  is  ax  miles  north  by  eaft  of  Cham- 
berfburg,  a  like  diftance  fouth-weft  of 
Cailifle,  and  146  weft  of  Pliiladelphia. 

Shirley,  a  townihip  of  Mafliichu- 
fetts,  in  tlie  north-weft  part  of  Middle- 
fex  CO.  41  mik's  N.  W.  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains 
677  inhabitants. 

Shirley,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnnfylva- 
nia,  lituated  in  Huntingdon  county. 

Shoals,  Ijlcs  of,  are  7  in  number, 
fituated  on  the  coaftof  New-Hampfhirej 
and  to  thefe  the  celebtattti  Capt.  John 
Smith  gave  his  own  name,  but  the  in- 
gratitude of  man  has  denied  his  memory 
that  fmall  honour.  From  Ifle  of  Shoals 
to  the  Dry  Salvage  Rock,  the  courfe  is 
S.  4  W.  8  leagues  ;  to  Portfmouth  N.N. 
W.  3  leagues ;  to  Newbury-Port  Bar 
S.  W.  7  leagues  ;  to  York  harbour  N.  i 
E.  5  leagues.    N.  lat.  43  59,  W.  long. 

70  33- 

Shoe  NECK,  a  Moravian  fettlcmentin 
Pennfylvania,  near  Nazareth  ;  begun  in 

J757- 

Shoreham,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Addifon  co.  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain,  having  Orwell  on  the  fouth 
and  Bridport  on  the  N.  a  little  N.  E.  of 
Ticonderoga.  It  contains  721  inhabit- 
ants. 

Shrewsbury,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
Jerfey,  Monmouth  co.  on  the  fea  board, 
having  Middletown  on  the  N.  Freehold 
W.  and  Dover  fouth-weft.  North  river 
divides  it  from  Middletown,  and  is  nav- 
igable a  few  miles.  This  town  is  15 
miles  north-eaft  by  eaft  of  Monmouth 
court-houfe,  1 4  foutn-eaft  of  Middletown 
Point,  49  eafterly  of  Trenton,  33  fouth- 
eaft  by  eaft  of  Brunfwick,  and  79  eail- 
north-eaft  of  Pliiladelphia.  The  com- 
paft  jjart  of  the  town  is  plealant,  and 
coBtains  an  Epifcopal  aod  a  FreA>Ytsri- 


S  I  C 

an  church,  and  a  meeting-houfe  fof 
Friends.  On  the  fide  of  a  branch  of 
Navefmk  river,  in  this  town,  is  a  remark- 
able cave,  in  which  are  3  rooms,  arched 
with  a  foft  porous  rock,  through  which 
the  moifture  flowly  exudes,  and  falls  \r\ 
drops  on  the  fand  below.  The  town- 
fliip contains  4,673  ifthabitants,  includ- 
ing arz  llaves.  Much  genteel  company 
from  Philadelphia  and  New- York  re- 
fort  here  during  the  fummer  months, 
for  health  and  pTcafure. 

Shrewsbury,  a  townHiip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Rutland  co.  between  Claren- 
don on  the  weft,  and  Saltdflvon  the  eaft, 
and  contains  383  inhabitants.- 

Shrewsbury,  a  townihip  in  York 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Shrewsbury,  a  townfliip  in  Wor- 
cefter  co.  MafTachufetts  ;  6  miles  eaft  of 
Worcefter,  and  40  weft  by  fouth  of  Bof- 
ton.  \t  was  incorporated  in  1727,  and 
contcUns  963  inhabitants. 

Shuben ACADiE,  a  river  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  which  rifes  within  a  mile  of  the 
town  of  Dartmouth,  on  tlie  E.  fide  of 
Halifax  harbour,  and  empties  into  Cobe-* 
quid  B,iy,  taking  in  its  courfe  the  Slewi- 
ack  and  Gay's  rivers.  The  great  lake  of 
the  fame  name  lies  on  the  E-  fide  of  the. 
road  which  leads  from  Halifax  to  Wind- 
for,  and  about  fevcn  miles  from  it,  and 
a  I  miles  froiii  Halifix. 

Shutesbury,  a  townfliip  of  MafTa- 
chufetts, Hampfliirc  co.  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  ConnedHcut  river,  about  16  miles  N. 
E.  of  Northampton,  and  90  W.  by  N. 
of  Bofton. 

Si  A  r  A,  or  Sear  a,  a  town  on  the  N. 
E.  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  the  captainfliip  of 
its  rwme.  S.  lat.  3  30,  Vf.  long.  39  50. 
Andrew  Vidal,  of  Negreiros,  was  chief 
magiftrate  of  this  city  in  the  year  1772, 
in  the  ia4th  year  of^his  age,  and  dif- 
charged  his  dutv  as  a  judge  to  entire 
fatisfaftion  ;  and  died  a  years  after,  in 
full  pofleflion  of  his  mental  powers.  In 
1773,  189  of  his  dcfcendants  were  alive, 

Sibaldfs,  idands  on  tlie  coaft  of  Pa- 
tagonia, in  S.  America.  S.  lat  50  Si* 
W.  long.  59  35. 

Sibau  IJIarJs,  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton  Ifland,  lie  off  the  fouth  point  of 
Port  Dauphin,  and  afford  good  anchor- 

Sicca  Punto,  or  Dry  Pomt,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  S.  America,  on  the  Span- 
ifli  Main,  is  the  nortli-weft  limit  of  Tri- 
efte  Bay,  and  foutherly  of  the  ifland  of 
Curacao. 

•' "  "  SlCHBHC, 


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SIM 

SiCHEM,  formerly  a  fettltfmeilt  of  the 
Moravians,  on  the  cift  line  of  New- 
York  State ;  %$  miles  £.  8.  E.  of  Kingf- 
ton,  on  Hudlon's  river. 

Sidney,  a  townlhip  of  New-York 
State,  on  the  north  line  of  Pennl'ylvania, 
oppolite  to  the  mouih  of  Chenengo  riv- 
er ;  having  Safquehanoah  foi  its  north 
and  ealteru  boundary. 

SiDELijrc  /f;V/,a  range  of  hill:  which 
lie  in  the  nonh-wefttrn  part  of  Mary- 
land, beaveen  Alleghany  and  Wafhing- 
ton  counties,  which  are  divided  by  the 
creek  of  the  lame  name. 

SiERRE  Madrk.    See  Andes* 

31 L  V  E  K  Ulufft  a  confiderable  height  up- 
on tlie  Carolina  fijore  of  Savannali  river; 
perhaps  30  feet  higher  than  the  low  lands 
on  tlie  oppolite  Ihore,  which  are  fubjCifl 
to  inundations  in  the  iprmg  and  tail. 
This  fteep  bank  rifes  perpendicularly 
out  of  the  river,  difcovering  various  Iha- 
ta  of  earth.  The  fui  face  of  the  ground 
upon  this  bluff,  which  extendsnearly  two 
miles  on  the  rivtr,  and  f;om  half  a  mile 
to  a  mile  in  breadth,  is  nearly  level,  and 
a  good  fertile  foil,  as  appears  hy  the 
vait  oaks,  hickory,  mulberry,  black 
•walnut,  and  other  trees  and  ftirubs  left 
Handing  in  the  old  fielcl-j  which  are 
fpread  abroad  to  a  great  diftance.  Here 
are  various  veftiges  of  the  ancients ;  as 
Indian  conical  mounts,  terrace,  areas, 
*cc.  as  well  as  traces  of  fortre/les  of  reg- 
lilar  formation,  as  if  conftruded  after 
the  modes  of  European  military  archi- 
teds ;  which  fome  llippole  to  be  the  an- 
cient camps  of  the  Spaniards,  who 
lormerly  fixed  ihemfelves  here,  in  hopes 
cf  finding  fiiver. 

Simon's,  St.  t'jeeafternmofl:  of  the 
3  large  illards  iituated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Alatamaha  river  in  Georgia,  having 
on  the  N.  N.  E.  Little  St.  Simn's  Ijl- 
atid ;  and  between  thcfe  is  the  eaftern 
mouth  of  the  river.  The  fouthern  end 
of  the  illand  is  near  the  N.  mouth  of  the 
Alatamaha.  It  formerly  had  a  ftrong 
battery  erected  here,  for  the  defence  of 
Jokyl  Sound,  in  which  10  or  i  a  forty 
gun  Ihips  may  ride  in  fafety.  This  ifl- 
and  is  about  45  miles  in  length,  and 
from  two  to  four  in  breadth ;  has  a  rich 
and  fruitful  foil,  full  of  o;ik  and  hickory 
trees,  intermixed  with  nici,duws  and 
old  Indian  fields.  In  the  middle  of 
the  ifland  is  the  town  ol"  Frederica. 
The  bar  or  entrance  of  S%  Simon's  Ki  S. 
by  W.  19  leagues  from  T>bee  Inlet. 

Simon's  Sort^  St.  at  die  Ibuth  end  of 


8  tit 

St.  SlmOn*s  Ifland,  is  9  or  to  miles  from 
St.  Simon's  Bar ;  and  is  remarkable  for 
its  white  appearance. 

SiMSBt;Ry,  a  townfinp  of  Connefti* 
cut,  in  Hartford  co.  14  miles  N.  W.  of 
Hartford.  Copper  ore  has  been  found 
here. 

SiNEMAHONiNG,  ft  N.  wcfternmoft 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river. 

SiNiPuxENT,  a  very  long  bay  on 
the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of  Maryland}  a 
number  of  long  and  narrow  Wands  fep- 
arating  it  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean* 
Sinepuxent  Inlet,  is  in  about  lat.  38  ro 
30  N.  and  nearly  1%  miles  eaft  of  the 
town  of  SnowhilL 

SiNG-SiNG,  an  incJonfiderable  village 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Haverftraw  Bay,  in 
Wert-Chefter  co.  35  miles  N.  of  New- 
York  city. 

SiNiCA,  A  confiderable  Cherokee 
town,  on  the  banks  of  Keowce  river. 
The  houfes  00  the  eaft  lide  are  on  an 
elevated  fituation,  and  command  a  de- 
lightful and  extenfive  profpeft  of  the 
whole  fiitdemcnt.  The  inhabitants, 
about  ^00  in  number,  can  mufter  io« 
warriors. 

Sinking  Spring  ValUy,  See  BnU 
Eagle  Valley. 

Si  NO,  or  Slnu^  a  bay  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  Terra  Firma,  South-America.  There 
is  alfo  a  town  of  the  fame  name  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  Morofquillo, 
about  66  miles  N.  E.  of  St.  Seballian, 
and4oS.W.ofTolu. 

Sjous,  or  iSw.vjf,  a  powerful  nation 
of  Indians^  conlilting  of  three  different 
tribes,  which  can  furnifli 0,5 00 warriors; 
the  Sious,  who  inhabit  the  head  waters 
of  the  Miififippi  and  Miflburi,  »,co» 
warriors ;  die  Sious  of  the  Meadow:, 
a,5oo,  and  the  Sious  of  the  Wood:, 
4,000.  The  two  laft  inhabit  on  th;  j 
iiead  and  weftern  waters  of  the  Miifi- 
fippi, and  the  i(U>nds  of  Lake  Sajjcrior, 

sipsfcY's,  a  branch  of  Tombeckbe;! 
river,  in  Georgia,  which  runs  a  foutij- 
well  by  foutli  courfe.    Its  mouth  isio 
about  lat.  31  55  N.  and  40  miles  N.  by| 
W.  of  the  upper  mouth  of  Alafeama  rir- 
er. 

Sir  Charlet  Hard  ft  JJIand,  in  the  S, 
Pacific  Ocean,  was  dil(X)vered  in  176;, 
by  Captain  Carteret.      It  is  low,  level,  I 
and  covered  with  wood.     S.  lat.  a  Ah\ 
W.  long.  154  ao. 
•  Sir  Lharift  Saunders*  Ijl/ind,  in  thsj 
fame  ocean,  and  difcovered  by  die  farnel 
navigator,  is  about  twa  leagues  in  leng'ii| 

from 


re  has  been  found 


Valley*     See  Bnli 

bay  on  the  N.  coaft 
ith-Amcrica.  There 
e  fame  name  on  the 
alf  of  Morof(iuiilo, 
E.  of  St.  Scbaltiati, 

qIu. 

,  a  powerful  nation 
ig  of  three  different 
rntlh  9,500  warriors ; 
labit  the  head  wators 
md  Miflburi,  i,co» 
IS  of  the  Meadow  , 
ous  of  the  Wood;, 

lall  inhabit  on  t'n; 

waters  of  the  Miffi- 
ds  of  Lake  Superior, 
inch  of  Tombeclcbe; 

which  runs  a  foum- 
irfe.    Its  mouth  is  iq 
.and  40  miles  N.  by  I 
outh  of  Alabama  nv 


nders*  T/lmd,  m  tbi 
ifcovered  by  tlie  famtl 
twalogucsinlengthl 
iron 


5  i  X 

fi-orti  E.  to  W.    S.  lat.  1 7  z8,  W.  long. 

151   4* 

SiRius,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fame 
ocean,  difcovcred  by  Lieutenant  Ball, 
in  1792.  It  is  about  18  miles  in  circuit. 
S.  latk  10  52,  W.  long.  i6a  30* 

Sisal,  on  the  north  coaft  of  YuCa- 
tan«  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  4  leagues 
weft  of  Linchanchee,  and  8  eaft  of  Cape 
Condecedo.  It  is  the  higheft  look  out 
on  the  whole  coaft. 

SissiBou,  in  Nova- Scotia,  lies  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  St.  Mary's  Bay,  28  miles 
fouth>eaft  of  Annapolis. 

Sister's  Ferryi  a  village  in  S.  Caro- 
lina, 15  miles  from  Coofawatchie,  and 
jo»  from  Charlefton. 

Six  Mens'  Bay,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  idand  of  Barbadocs,  towards  the  N. 
end.  It  lies  between  Sunderland  Fort  to 
the  fouth,  and  Six  Mens'  Fort  to  the  N. 

Six  Nations,  a  confederacy  of  In- 
dian nations  fo  called  by  the  Britilh  and 
Americans.  The  French  call  them 
Iroquois.  Formerly  they  were  called 
die  Five  Nations,  five  only  being  joined 
in  that  alliance  ;  but  they  now  conlift 
of  fix  nations,  and  call  themfelves  A}^a- 
nufchioniy  that  is,  the  United  People. 
Some  call  them  Mingos  ;  others  JWa- 
qaair.  Thefe  iix  nations  are  the  Mo- 
ia'wksf  Oneidasj  Omfidagaj,  Senecas, 
Cayugasi  and  Ttifcaroras,  The  latter 
joined  the  confederacy  70  years  ago.  In 
the  late  war  with  G.  Britain,  they  were 
allies  of  that  power,  and  in  1779  they 
were  entirely  defeated  by  the  troop?  of 
Congrefs,  and  their  towns  all  deftroyed. 
They  now  live  on  grounds  called  the 
State  RefervaLicns,  which  are  interme- 
diate fpaces  fettled  on  all  fides  by  white 
people.  In  their  prefent  cramped  (itu- 
ation,  they  cannot  keep  together  a  great 
while.  They  will  probably  quit  the 
United  States  and  retire  over  the  lakes 
Ontario  and  Erie.  All  the  Mohawks 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  Cayufeas, 
have  already  removed  into  Canada. 
The  number  of  fouls  in  all  the  fix  na- 
tions was,  in  1796,  4,058.  The  Stock- 
bridge  and  Brotherton  Indians,  who 
now  live  among  them,  added,  make  the 
whole  number  4,508,  of  whom  760  live 
in  Canada,  the  reft  in  the  United  States. 
By  a  treaty  made  in  1 794,  between  the 
United  States  on  the  one  part,  and  the 
Six  Nations  and  their  Indian  friends  re- 
iiding  with  them,  on  the  other  part,  it 
was  ftipulated  that  "the  fum  of  4,500 
dollars  fhould  be  expended  annually 
A  A  a 


S  K  E 

and  forever,  in  purchaling  cloathing,' 
domeftic  anim^ils,  implements  of  huf- 
bandry,  and  other  utenfils,  and  in  com- 
penfating  Ufeful  artificers  who  fhall  re- 
fide  among  tliem,  and  be  employed  for 
their  benefit."   This  allowance  is  under 
the  diredion  of  a  fuperintendant,  and  is 
not  diftributed  for  any  private  purpoles. 
It  is  apportioned  among  them  accord- 
ing to  their  numbers,  in  order  to  which, 
there  is  annually  taken  an  exaft  cenfus 
of  all  thefe  Indians.  In  i796,theFviends, 
commonly  called  fakers,  in  their  be- 
nevolence and  zea.  to  promote  the  wel- 
fare of  thefe  I.-iJians,  raii'ed  a  fund  to 
fupport  a  number  of  their  fociety,  who 
offered  to  go  and  rcfide  among  them, 
with  a  view  to  promote  their  civiliza- 
tion, moral  improvement,  and  real  wel- 
fare.   A  committee  of  their  fociety  was 
appointed  to  accompany  thefe  friends 
to  humanity,  and  they  were  actually  on 
the  fpot,  and  commenced  their  work  of 
charity  in  July  of  this  year.    The  .State 
of  New-York  have  taken  thefe  Indians 
under  their  protection,  and  appointed 
commiilioners  to  take  care  that  they  re- 
ceive no  wrong  from  interefted  individ- 
uals. 

Skaneatetes,  a  lake  in  Onondaga 
CO.  New-York,  14  miles  long  from 
fouth-eaft  to  north-weit,  and  little  more 
than  one  mile  wide  where  broadeft.  It 
waters  the  military  townfhips  of  Mar- 
cellus  and  Sempronius,  and  fends  its 
waters  northerly  to  Seneca  river. 

Skenectady,  an  ancient  and  ref- 
pedable  town  in  Albany  co.  New- York, 
i6  miles  north-weft  of  Albany  city, 
pleafantly  fituuted  in  a  vale  bordered 
with  hills  to  the  fouthward  and  eaft- 
ward,  on  the  margin  of  Mohawk. river. 
The  houle?,  about  150  or  joo  in  mmi- 
ber,  are  compiuHly  built,  chiefly  of  brick, 
on  regular  ftreets,  in  the  old  Dutch 
ftile,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  river  :  f  ev*; 
of  them  are  elegant.  The  public  build- 
ings are  a  Dutch  and  a  Prcfbyteriart 
church.  The  windings  of  the  river, 
through  the  town  and  fields  wlu'ch  are 
often  ovcrllowed  in  the'fpring,  afford  a 
rich  and  charniing  pro'pect  about  hai- 
veft  time.  This  town,  be  iig  at  the  foot 
of  navigation,  on  a  long  river  which  pal- 
fes  through  a  very  fine  country  rapid- 
ly fettling,  it  would  be  natural  to  con- 
clude, would  embrace  much  of  its  com- 
merce ;  but  originally  knowing  no  otii- 
er  than  the  fur  trade,  which,  fincc  the 
revolution,  has  .limjft  ceafed,  and  hav- 


r 


li 


'  I 
' 


S  K  E 

ing  taken  no  advantage  of  its  happy  fit- 
nation  for  other  commerce,  the  place 
has  coniiderably  decayed.  The  chief 
bufinefs  of  this  town  now  is  to  receive 
the  merchandize  from  Albany,  and  put 
it  into  batteaux  to-  go  up-  the  river»  and 
forward  to  Albany  the  returns  from  the 
back  country.  See  Mohatuk  River. 
Vnien  Coilege  was  eftabliffied  and  incor- 
porated here  in  1794,  and  is  under  the 
dkeflion  of  %\  truftees.  It  took  its 
name  from  the  union  of  various  denom- 
inations <B/i  Chriftians  in  its  eftablifh*- 
menu  The  Dutch  were,  however,  by 
far  the  moft  liberal  benefa^ors  to  this 
inititutioo.  It  is  well  fituated  for  the 
convenieacy  of  the  northern  and  weft- 
em  parts  of  the  State.  In  June,  1 796, 
there  v;ere  40  ftudents,  divided  into  4 
clafFeG,  viz. — slanguages,  % hiftory  and 
belles  Icttrcs,  3  mathematics,  4  philo- 
ibphy.  The  annual  expenfe  of  educa- 
tion nere,  including  boardj  tuition,  &c. 
is  lefs  than  100  dbUars.  The  property 
of  the  college  confifts  in  various  articles, 
to  the  following  amount,  viz. 
Bonds  and  mortgages,"^  dolk^     cts. 


ai,30£ 


4.983 


^iZl^       ^S 


3>Soo 


3»aro 


producing  an  annual  S 
intcreft  of  7  per  cent.> 

Subfcriptions,  and  other  > 
debts  due  on  the  books  > 
of  the  treafurer  j 

Cafliappropriatedfor  the  > 
purchafe  of  books       j 

Houfe  and  lot  for  the  7 
prefident-  > 

tot  for  the  fcite  of  the  > 
college  5 

Houfe  and  lot  heretofore! 
occupied  for  the  acad-  [ 
emy,  a  donation  from  }  5,000: 
the  confiftory  of  the  I 
Dutch  church  J 

Books,  &c.  in  the  poffef- 
fion  of  the  truftees, 
and  on  the  way  from 
Burope 

Cafh  appropriated  by  the 
regents  for  the  pur- 
chafe  of  books  in  the 
hands  of  the  commit- 
tee 

Legacy  by  Abraham  > 
Yates,  jun.Efq.  of  Al-  > 
bany  j 


10 


a,38t      99 


400 


450 


r   *   ■    .  '    ■         42,48*  60 

And  i,6o/r  acres  of  land.  The  fac- 
ulty of  the  college  confifted,  in  1797, 
Vf  the    preliden?   aadj  one    tvtor  ;] 


and  the  falary  of  the  fomfcr  with  an 
houfe  for  his  family  is  1 100* dollars,  and 
of  the  latter  665  dollars  per  annum, 
with  an  additional  allowance  at  preftnt 
of  250  dollars,  on  account  of  the  extra- 
ordinary price  of  the  neceflaries  of  life. 
There  were,.in  ryifjt  37  ftudcnts,  eight 
in  the  clafs  of  languages,  twenty  in  the 
clafs  of  hiftory  and  belles  lettres,  fix  in 
the  clafs  of  mathematics,  and  three  in 
the  clafs  of  philofophy.    The  courft 
of  ftudies  is,  the  firft  year  Virgil,.  Cice- 
ro's orations,  Greek  Teftament,Lucian, 
Roman  antiquities,  arithmetic  and  Eng- 
hlh  grammar — the  fecond  year,  geog- 
raphy and  the  ufe  of  the  globes,  Roman 
hiftory,  hiftory  of  America,   and  the 
American  revolution,  Xenophon,  Ho- 
race, criticifni  and  eloquence — tlie  ^d 
year,  the  various  branches  of  mathema- 
tics, and  vulgar  j.nd  decimal  iiaf>ions.. 
and  the  extra(ff ion  of  Uie  roots,  geom- 
etry, algebra,,  trrgonometry,  navigation, 
mcnfuration,  Xenophon  continued,  and 
Homer — and  the  4th  and  laft  year,  nat- 
ural philofophy,  the  conftitution  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  different  States, 
metaphyfics,  or  at  leaft  that  partwlxich 
treats  of  the  philofophy  of  the  human 
mind,  Horace  continued,  and  Longinus  :• 
and  during  the  courfe  of  thefe  ftudies, 
the  attention  of  the  claiTes  is  particular- 
ly required  to  elocution  and  compofition 
in  the  Enclifh  language.    A  provifion 
is  alfo  made,  for  fubftituting  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  French  language  inftead  of 
die  Greek,  in  certain  cSes,  if  the  funds 
ihould  hereafter   admit  of  inftituting 
A  French  profefforfhip.     The  library 
confifts  of   about  looo  volumes,  and 
£soo  is  appropriated  to  the  pui  chafe  of 
a  philofophical  apparatus.-   The  town- 
fliipof  Skeneftady  contains  3,47a  in- 
habitantf;  of  whom  683  are  eleftors,. 
and  381  flaves.    It  is  bounded  eafterly 
by  Half  Moon  and  Water-Vliet,  and 
foutherly  by  the  north  bounds  of  the 
manor  of  RenfTelaerwick. 

S  K  E  N  E  s  B  o  R  o  utj  H  ,now  called  fFiife- 
hail,  is  a  growing  townfhip  in  the  north-- 
eaft  corner  of  the  State  of  New-York, 
fituated  on  Wood  Creek,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  South  Bay.-  This  is  a  place 
through  wHich.moft  of  the  communica- 
tion and  trade  between  the  counties  on 
Lake  Champiain  and  Hudfon's  river 
paffes.  It  has,  however,  very  bad  wa- 
ter, and  is  unhealthy  in  fummer.  It  is 
about  g  miles  eaft  by  north  of  Fort 
George,  and  6  north,  by  eaft  of  Fort 

Ann. 


auence — the  3d 


S  M  A 

Aon.    The  fortifications  here  were  de- 
ftroycdbyGea.Burgoyne,inJuly,i777. 

Skifpack,  a  townlhip  in  Montgom- 
ery county,  Pennlylvania. 

Skipton,  a  village  on  the  north  fide 
of  Patowmac  river,  about  11  miles  fouth- 
eaft  of  Fort  Cumberland,  and  ag  fouth- 
eriy  of  Bedford  in  Pennfylvania. 

SxiTiKiss,  a  bay  of  about  8  leagues 
extent  on  the  eaft  lide  of  Wafliington's 
ifles,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca, northward  of  Cumberland  Harbour. 
The  opening  is  in  lat.  about  53  15. 

Skuppernonc,  a  llitiall  river  of  N. 
Carolina.  A  canal  was  finifhed  in  1 790, 
which  conneds  the  waters  of  this  ftrcam 
with  the  lake  in  Difmal  Swamp,  on  the 
Ibuth  fide  of  Albemarle  Sound, 

Skotock  Hillst  in  Hancock  CO.  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  lie  north-north-eaft  of 
the  harbour  of  Gouldfborougb.  In  I'uti- 
ing  from  Mount  Defert  to  Gouldfbo- 
rough,  you  muft  fteer  north-north-eaft 
for  thefe  hills,  which  are  more  remark- 
able than  any  in  the  caftern  country. 
There  are  5  of  ihem,  and  at  a  diftance 
ihey  appear  round. 

Slabtown,  a  village  in  Burlington 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  about  half  way  between 
Burlington  and  Mount  Uoliy>  4  or  5 
miles  trom  each. 

Slaughter  Creekt  a  fkort ftream en 
■the  eaft  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  Dor- 
chefter  county,  Maryland. 

Slave  Lakez.nd  it/wr,  in  the  north- 
weft  part  of  N.  Amerjca.  The  lake  is 
extenfiye  and  gives  rife  to  M'Kenzie's 
liver,  whicU  envies  into  the  Frozen 
Ocean,  and  receives  the  river  of  its  name 
from  the  weft  end  of  Athapefcow  Lake; 
belides  many  other  rivers  from  various 
direiliona.  Slave  river  runs  a  north- 
weft  by  north  courfe,  and  is  a  mile  wide 
at  its  mouth.  The  latitude  of  Slave 
Lake  is  61  a6  N.  and  the  centre  of  th^ 
lake  is  in  about  long-  iij  weft.  Tie 
northern  bay  is  40  leagues  deep,  and  6 
fathoms  water.  The  Dog-ribbed  In- 
dians inhabit  the  north  iliorc  of  this  Jake. 

Slearing  IJlandi  on  the  coaft  of 
Newfoundland. 

Slokum's  I/Iatid  is  the  third  of  the 
Elizabeth  Iflands  in  magnitude,  being 
about  5  miles  in  circuit.  It  lies  off 
Buzzard's  Bay,  in  Barnl^able  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  and  weft  of  Tinker's  Idand. 

Sl  u  s  H  B  R ,  Fart.    S'"?  SehlojTer. 

Small  Pointy  on  the  coaix  of  Lin- 
coln CO.  Diftridl  of  Maine,  forms  the 
I  £ait  limit  oi^  Cafco  Bay,  and  iics  N.  £. 


SMI 

of  Cape  Elizabeth,  the  w'cftern  limiit. 

Smith,  a  townlhip  in  Wafhington 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Smithfielu,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
Virginia,  on  Pagan  Creek,  which  emp- 
ties into  James's  river,  in  Ifle  of  Wight 
CO.  It  is  85  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Rich- 
mond, and  364  fouth-fouth-weft  of  Phil- 
adelphia, The  creek  is  navigable  for 
veflels  of  ao  tons. 

Smithfield^  a  poft-town,  and  the 
capital  of  Johnfon  co.  N.  Carolina,  on 
the  ^aft  fide  of  N^us  river,  on  a  beauti- 
ful  plain,  about  100  miles  north-weft  of 
Newbern,  15  from  Raleigh,  and  473 
from  Philadelphia. 

Smithpielo,  a  townfhip  of  Penn- 
fylvania, Philadelphia  county. 

S M IT H  F I E  L  0,  upper  and  Lonver,  two 
townfliips  in  Northampton  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Smithtield,  a  townfhip  of  Rhode- 
Idand,  Providence  co.  having  the  State 
of  Maffachufetts  on  the  north,  and  Cum- 
berland on  the  N.  E.  Here  are  exten- 
five  orchards  ;  and  great  .q\.  mtities  of 
ftone-lime  are  made,  and  trar.fported  to 
Providence  and  other  places.  It  con- 
tains3i7x inhabitants,inciuding 5  (laves. 

Smith's  Capi,  the  north  point  of  the 
entrance  into  a  fea  called  the  New  Dil- 
covered  Sea,  and  the  S.  W.  point  of  the 
ifland  formed  by  that  fea  or  lound,which 
communicates  with  Hudfon's  Straits. 
It  is  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Hudfon's  Bay. 
N.  lat.  60  48,  W.  long.  80  S5' 

Smith's  JJIand,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina.  5ee  Cajie  Fear,  and  Ba/d 
Head. 

Smith's  l/Iand,  the  fouthernmoft  of 
die  range  of  iflands.,  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  along  the  coaft  of  Northampton 
and  Accomack  counties,  Virginia.  It 
is  near  the  S.  point  of  Cape  Charles. 
Heie  fliips  frequently  come  to  anchor 
-to  wait  for  jiilots  to  condudt  them  into 
Chefapcifk  Bay. 

Smith's  Ijles,  the  range  of  iflands 
which  line  the  above  coaft.  They  were 
fo  named  in  1608,  in  honour  of  Captain 
John  Smith,  who  li>^ndtd  on  the  penin- 
fula,  and  was  kindly  rf  ceiveJ  by  Acco- 
mack, the  prince  of  tJie  peninfuw,  part 
of  wliich  ftill  bears  his  name. 

Smith's  IJlari,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the 
eaft  end  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  in 
Exchange  Bay.  Alfo  the  name  ot  Jin 
ifland  in  the  S.Pacific  Ocean,  difcovt»- 
ed  by  Lieutenant  Ball,  in  the  year  1790. 
S.  lat»  9  44,  W.  long.  161  j4' 

Smitu'j 


i'lf 


'm.'-^^ 


\ 


|i 


S  N  O 

Smith's  Point  is  the  fouthern  limit 
of  the  moutli  of  Patowmack  river,  on 
the  weft  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  oppo- 
fite  to  the  northern  head  land,  called 
Poit  Lookout,  and  in  about  lat.  37  54 
north 

Smith's,  ov  Stauntonj  River.  See 
Stautiton  River,  in  Vii^inia, 

Smith's  Sound,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  is  bounded  north 
by  Cape  Bonaventure. 

Smithtown,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln 
CO,  Diftrict  of  Maine,  fimated  on  the 
■well  lide  of  Kennebeck  river,  and  con- 
tains 521  inhabitants. 

Smithtown,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
SufFolJk  CO.  Long-Ifland,  New-York, 
52  miles  S.  eafterly  of  New-York  city, 
and  147  from  Philadelphia.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  foulherly  by  Iflip,  weft- 
«rly  by  Huntington,  northerly  by  the 
Sound,  and  eafterly  by  the  patent  of 
Brookhaven, including  Winne-commick. 
It  contains  102a  inhabitants,  of  whom 
J67  are  eledlors,  and  idC^  flaves. 

Smithville,  the  chief  town  of 
Brunfwick  co.  N.  Carolina,  fituated 
near  the  month  of  Cape  Fear  river, 
about  .^o  miles  fouth  of  Wilmington. 

Smyrna,  Neiv,  a  thriving  town  in 
E.  Florida.  It  is  fituated  on  a  fhelly 
bluff,  on  the  weft  bank  of  tlic  foutn 
branch  of  Mofquito  river  5  about  10 
miles  above  the  Capes  of  that  river, 
about  30  miles  north  of  Cape  Canaveral, 
and  in  lat.  a8  north.  It  is  inhabiteJby 
a  colony  of  Greeks  and  Minorquies, 
eftablilhed  not  long  lince,  by  Dr. 
Turnbull. 

Snake  India?! t,  a  tribe  who  inhabit 
the  fouth-wellrern  fide  of  Miflouri  river, 
in  lat.  about  47  N,  and  long.  107  W. 
The  Shevctoon  Indians  inhabit  on  the 
Oppofite  lide  of  the  river. 

Snowhill,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  of  Maryland,  and  the  capital  of 
Worccfter  co.  fituated  on  the  S.  F,,  fide 
of  Pokomoke  river,  which  empties 
through  the  eaftern  fhore  of  Chefapeak 
Bay,  abou':  13  miles  to  the  fouth-weft. 
Hero  arc  about  60  houfes,  a  court-houfc, 
cind  gaol,  and  the  inhabitants  deal  prin- 
v.ip<illy  in  lumber  and  corn.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year,  ending  the  30th  of 
September,  1 794,  amounted  to  the  value 
of  4j04o  dollars.  It  is  16  miles  from 
Ilorntown,  in  Virginia,  8»  S.  of  VVil- 
Tjiinpton,  in  Delaware,  and  158  S.by  W. 
.  ef  Philadelphia. 

g.NowTowN,  a  fettlem'ent in  Lincoln 


s  o  c 

CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine  ;  (ittiated  between 
the  Weft  Ponds,  7  or  8  miles  W.  of 
Sidney,  oppodte  to  Vaflalborough,  and 
N.  W.  of  Hallowell. 

Soo 'iDAC A,  or  Siigendaga,  the  W. 
branch  of  Hudfon's  river,  runs  a  fouth 
and  fouth-eaft  courfe,  and,  about  15 
miles  from  its  mouth,  takes  a  north-eaft 
direftion,  and  joins  that  river  about  1% 
or  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  F(Jrt  Edward, 

Society  I /lands,  a  ckiftcr  of  iflands 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  To  thefe  iflands 
Capt.  Cook  was  direiled  by  Tupia,  in 
1 769  ;  and  he  gave  them  this  name  in 
honour  of  the  Royal  Society.  They  are 
fituated  between  the  latitudes  of  16  10, 
and  16  55  S.  and  between  the  longitudes 
of  150  57  and  151  W.  They  are  7 
in  number  ;  Huaheinc,  Ulietea,  Otaha, 
Bolabola,  Mourooa,  Tmhaee,  and  Tahoo- 
yamamo  or  Saunder's  IJland,  which  is 
here  included,  as  being  fubjedl  to  Hua. 
heine.  The  foil,  the  produflions,  the 
people,  their  language, religion,  cuftoms, 
and  manners  are  fo  nearly  the  fame  as 
at  Otaheite,  that  little  need  be  added 
to  the  account  which  has  already  been 
given.  Nature  has  been  equally  boun- 
tiful in  uncultivated  plenty,  and  the  in- 
habitants are  as  luxurious  and  as  indo. 
lent.  A  plantain  branch  is  the  emblem 
of  peace,  and  changing  names  the  great- 
eft  token  of  friendfhip.  Their  morais 
are  differently  conftrudted,  though  ferv. 
ing  the  fanie  purpofes.  It  is  cuftomary 
to  give  their  daughters  to  ftrangers  who 
arrive  amongft  them ;  but  the  pairs  muft 
be  5  niglits  lying  near  each  other,  with- 
out prefuming  to  take  any  qther  liberty. 
On  the  6th  evening,  the  father  of  the 
young  woman  treats  his  gueft  with  food, 
and  informs  his  daughter,  that  flie  muft 
that  night  receive  him  as  her  hufband. 
The  ftranger  muft  not  exprefs  the  lealt 
diflike,  (hould  the  partner  allotted  to  him 
be  ever  fo  difagreeable  ;  for  this  is  con- 
lidered  as  an  unpardonable  affront,  and 
is  puniflied  v/ith  inftant  death. 

SocoNUsco,  a  province  of  New- 
Sp.ain,  having  Chiapa  on  the  N,  Giiati- 
mala  on  the  E.  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean  on 
the  S.  and  Guaxaca  on  the  W.  It  is 
about  90  miles  long,  and  almoft  as 
broad.  It  does  not  produce  much  corn, 
but  great  quantities  of  cocoa  and  indigo.  I 
SocoNusco  Port,  on  the  "W.  coaft 
of  New-Mexico,  capiual  of  the  province 
of  Soconufco,  in  which  are  the  moun-  [ 
tains  of  this  name.  N.  lat.  15  la,  W. 
long.  98  16. 

SOCORAi 


the  father  of  the 


SOL 

SocoRA,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl:  of 
South-America. 

Soous,  Greatf  a  gulf  conncfled  with 
the  foutli  fide  of  Lake  Ontario,  by  a 
fliort  and  narrow  entrance.  It  is  about 
8  miles  long,  and  4  broad,  and  has  an 
iiland  in  the  eaftern  part.  The  town 
called  Sodus,  ftands  on  the  W.  fide, 
near  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  bay,  or  gulf; 
about  24  miles  north  of  Geneva,  35 
Ibuth-weftward  of  Ofwego  Fort,  and 
100  eaft  of  Niagara. 

Soil  Cove,  a  lettlcmcnt  on  Defert  Ifl- 
and in  the  Diftri(a^  of  Maine. 

SoLANGO,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru  J  a  I  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Colan- 
che  river,  and  12  fouth  of  Port  Callo, 

Solar,  Morro,  or  Cape  Solar,  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  is  6  miles  N.  by  W,  of  the 
rocks  of  Pachacama  off  the  port  of  Gal- 
lao. 

SoLniER's  Cut,  on  the  N.  E.  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftophcr's,  in  the 
W.  Indies,  eaftward  of  Half  Moon  Bay, 
and  alfo  eaftward  of  Chrift  Church. 

SOLEBORY,  atownfliipin  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

SOLiDAD,  la,  or  the  Defert,  a  cloifter 
of  bare-footed  Carmelites ;  fituated  on  a 
hill  3  leagues  N.  W.  of  the  city  ot  Mex- 
ico, incloTed  with  a  high  ftone  wall  fev- 
cn  leagues  in  compals.  The  hill,  on 
which  the  monaftery  ftands,  is  furround- 
ed  with  rocks,  in  which  they  have  dug 
caves  for  oratories.  Here  are  gardens 
and  orchards  2  miles  in  compais,  filled 
with  the  choiceft  European  fruit  trees. 
The  provincial  Chapter  of  the  Order, 
is  held  hers. 

SoLODAD  Part,  on  the  E.  fide  of  the 
eafternmoft  of  the  Falkland  Iflands,  was 
formerly  called  Port  Louis.  The  inner 
part  of  the  harbour  lies  in  the  5  ;th  de- 
gree of  W.  long,  and  in  S.  lat.  51  50. 

Soli  MOBS.    See  Madera  River. 

Solomon's  Ijles,  or  Land  of  the  Jr- 
facides,  a  group  of  iflands  concerning 
the  exiftence  of  which,  there  has  been 
much  difpute,  lie  about  1,850  Spanifli 
leagues  W.  of  the  coaft  of  Peru,  in  the 
vicinity  of  New-Guinea,  between  154 
and  160  E.  long,  ftpra  Paris,  and  be- 
tween 6  and  12  S.  lat.  They  werefirft 
difcovered  by  Mendana,inhis  firft  voy- 
age in  IJ67.  Heriera,  in  his  dei'cription 
or  thefe .  iflands,  reckons  18  principal 
ones  belongjig  to  the  group,  from  50  to 
300  leagues''in  circumference,  belidcs 
inany  of  a  fmaller  fize.  The  air  of  thefe 
iflands  is  falubrious,  the  loil  fertile,  the 


S  O  M 

inhabitants  numerous,  and  of  different 
fliades  f ron\  white  to  black.  Tlic  prin- 
cipal  of  thefe  iflands  are,  St.  Hiibella, 
(which  fee)  St.  George,  St.  Mark,  St.  Ni- 
cholas,  Florida,  the  llland  of  Palms,  &c. 
Solon,  a  military  townlhip  of  New- 
York,  Onondago  co.  about  35  niilea 
N.  W. from  Suiquehannah  river,  and  %j 
ibuthward  from  Lake  Oneida.  It  is  un- 
der the  jurifdidtion  of  the  town  of  Ho- 
mer, which  was  incorporated  in  1794, 
boMBAVERA  IJlatids,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies.    See  Sombrero. 

boMBELLO  Point,  weft  ward  of  the 
Gulf  of  Darien,  is  5  miles  northward  of 
Francifco  river. 

.SoMBRER  A,  Somhavera,  or  Sombiero, 
a  fmall  defert  ifland  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
about  18  miles  N.  W.  of  AnguiHa.  It 
is  about  a  league  each  way,  and  is  thus 
called  by  the  hpaniards,  from  its  relem- 
blance  to  a  hat.  N.  lat.  18  38,  W. 
long.  63  37.  It  is  dependant  on  Bar- 
buda. 

SoMELSDYK,  Fort,  a  Dutch  fort  at 
the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Comi^iewine 
and  Cottica  ;  the  latter  being  an  arm  of 
Surrinam  river. 

SoMER  I/lands.  See  Bermudas. 
SoMERs,  a  townfliip  of  Connedicut, 
on  the  north  line  of  Tolland  co.  which 
feparates  it  from  the  State  of  Maflachu- 
lietts.  It  contains  alout  1200  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  24  miles  N.  E.  of  Hartford. 
Somerset,  a  townlhip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Somerset,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Windham  county,  10  orii  miles  north, 
eaft  of  Bennington. 

Somerset,  a  poft-town  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  Briftol  co.  and  on  Taunton 
river.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 790,  and 
contains  1151  inhabitants.  It  is  9  mUes 
eallerly  of  Warren  in  'Ihode-Ifland,  5  a 
foutherly  of  Bofton,  and  311  nortli-eaft 
of  Philadelphia. 

Somersht,  a  well  cultivated  county 
of  New-Jerfcy,  on  the  north  (ide  of  the 
great  road  from  New- York  to  Phila- 
delphia. The  foil,  efpecially  on  Rari- 
ton  river  and  its  branches,  is  good,  and 
produces  good  crops  of  wheat,  of  which 
great  quantities  are  annually  exported. 
It  is  divid'jd  into  6  townfliips,  which 
have  3  churches  for  Prefljyterians,  5  for 
the  Dutch  Reformed,  i  for  Dutch  Lu- 
therans, and  one  for  Anaba^tifts.  It 
contains  12,296  inhabitants,  including 
1 8 10  flaves. 
Somerset,  the  capital  of  the  above 

county  i 


ik'§  .1 


«4l 


1 

\\ 

! 

I 

_  ■    ■ '  V  1 

M 

w  <'  1 

J   ^iJUm 

SOT 

county;  fitiiatcd  on  the  weft  fide  of 
^Iilittone  river.  It  contains  a  court- 
huufe,  gaol,  and  about  30  houfes.  It  is 
43  miles  northerly  of  Trenton,  and  74 
J^J.  K.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

SoMtRSBT,  a  county  of  Maryland, 
bounded  call  by  the  Slate  of  Delaware 
and  Worcefter  county,  and  weft  by  the 
•waters  of  Chcfaptak  Bay.  It  contains 
I.?, 610  inhabitants,  including  7,070 
flaves.  Wafhiiigton  Academy,  in  this 
county,  was  inmtuted  by  law  in  1779. 
It  was  founded,  and  is  fiipported  by  vol- 
untary fublcriptions  and  private  dona- 
tions ;  is  authorifed  to  receive  gifts  and 
legacies,  and  to  hold  a,ooo  acres  of 
land. 

Somerset,  a  new  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  bounded  north  by  Huntingdon 
and  fouth  by  Alleghany  co.  in  Mary- 
land, an'*  "'•  divided  into  5  townihips. 

SoMERswoRTH,  a  townihipot"  Straf- 
ford CO.  New-Hampfhiire,  containing 
943  inhabiunts.  It  was  taken  from  Do- 
ver, from  which  it  lies  adjoining  to  the 
N.  E.  and  incorj^orated  in  1754;  A 
4readful  ftorm  of  thunder  and  light- 
ring  happened  here  in  May,  1779. 

hON  GO  Rivgr,'m  tlicDiftrid  of  M;iine, 
is  formed  by  two  branches  which  unite 
in  Raymondtown,  about  3  miles  from 
Scbago  Pond.  The  longell  branch  ri- 
fes  in  Greenland,  about  3  miles  from 
Amarifcoggin  river,  where  is  a  pond 
called  Smvo  Pondt  a  miles  long.  This 
if  ream,  which  purfues  a  foutheily  courfe 
for  at  leaft  70  miles,  is  fo  free  from  rap- 
ids, that  timber  may  be  brought  conve- 
niently from  witJiin  a  few  miles  of  its 
head.  The  other  branch  comes  from 
Waterfo;-d  and  Suncook,  and  palTes 
through  a  number  of  fmali  ponds ;  thcu 
ifiilling  nto  Long  Pondy  it  proceeds 
through  Brandy  Pond,  and  meets  the 
>L>ther  branch.  It  isboatable  its  whole 
length,  45  miles.  See  Orangetoiun  or 
Greenland,  and  Seba^o  Pond. 

SoNORA,  a  fubdivifion  of  the  South 
divifion  of  New-Mexico,  in  North* 
America.    Chief  town,  Tuape. 

SoK£ONAT!i,  a  fea-port  town  and 
bay  on  the  coaft  of  Mexico. 

So&REi.  SJwr,  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Champlain,  which*  after  a  courfe  of 
about  69  miles  north;  empties  into  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  in  lat.  46  ip*  and 
long.  7  a  45  W.  Sorrel  Fort,  built  by 
the  French,  is  at  the  weftern  point  of 
the  mouth  of  this  river. 

SoTovvKTO,  a  same  applied  to  the 


SOU 

LefTer  Antilles,  in  the  Weft-Indies. 
Among  thefe,  the  chief  maybe  reckoned 
Trinidad,  Margarctta,  Curaflbu,  and 
Tortugas. 

SoTovENTO  Lotos,  cr  Leeiuard  Ijl- 
and  of  Sea  Wolves  or  Seals,  on  the  coaft 
of  Peru,  is  7  laagucs  iioni  the  Barleventct 
Lobos,  or  Windward  Ifland  of  Sea 
Wolves.  It  is  about  6  miles  in  circuit, 
and  15  miles  from  Cape  Aguja. 

SouEVAWAMiNECA,  a  Canadian  fet> 
tlemcnt,  in  lat.  47  17  30  N. 

South,  a  fhort  river  of  Anne  Arun- 
del CO.  Maryland,  which  runs  eafterly 
into  Chefapeak  Bay.  Its  mouth  is  about 
6  miles  foiith  of  Annapolis  city,  and  is 
navigable  in  ve/fcls  of  burden  10  or  la 
miles. 

South  ylvihoy,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
Jerfey,  MiddleVex  co.  and  contains 
2,636  inhabitants,  including  183  flaves. 

South-America,  like  Africa,  is  aa 
cxtenlive  peninfula,  connefted  with 
North-America  by  the  Ifthnius  of  Da. 
rien,  and  divided  oetween  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, Fiance,  Holland,  and  the  Aborig- 
mes,  as  follows :  Spain  cbims  Terra 
Firma,  Peru,  Chili,  and  Paraguay ;  the 
Pcrtuguefet  Brazil  ;  the  French,  Cay- 
enne ;  the  Dutch,  Dutch  Guiana  ;  and 
the  Aborisines,  or  original  natives,  Am- 
azonia and  Patagonia. 

Southampton,  ^m  South  Hampton. 

South  Anna,  a  ijranch  of  North  An- 
na river,  in  Virginia,  which  together 
form  Pamunky  river. 

SouTHBORouGH,afinaIl  townfhip 
in  the  eaftern  part  oi'  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufetts,  mcorporated  in  1717, 
conuins  S40  inhabitants,  and  is  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Bofton. 

South  Branch  Houfe,  a  ftation  of 
the  Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  in  North- 
Ameriea»  fituatea  oq  the  eaucrn  lide  of 
Safkafhawan  river. 

South-Brim  FIELD,  a  townfhip  of 
Maflachufetts,  Hanipfhire  co.  about  35 
miles  S,  £.  of  Northampton,  and  80 
wefterly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1763,  and  contains  606  inhabit- 
ants. 

SouTHBURY,  a  town  of  Connefticut, 
Litchfield  co.  ao  miles  N.  £.  of  Danbu- 
ry,  and  51  N.  W.  of  Hartford. 

South  Eajl,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  fituateq  in  Dutchefs  co.  bounded 
foutherly  by  Weft-Chefter  co.  and  weft- 
erly by  Fredericktowoi  It  contains  931 
inhabitants ;  of  whom'a6x  are  eledor^ 
<u4ij  flaves. 

SOUTIi- 


sou 

SOUTH-CAROLINA,  one  of  the 
United  States  of  America  ;  bounded  N. 
by  Noitli-Carolina  ;  £.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  ;   S.  and  S.  W.  by  Savannah 
livt-r,  and  a  branch  of  its  head  waters, 
called  Tugulu  river,  which  divides  this 
State  from  Georgia.     It  lies  between 
3a  and  35  N.  Jat.  and  lietween  78  and 
ti  W.  long,  from  London.    It  is  in 
length  about  200  miles,  in  breadth  125, 
andcontains  20,000  fquare  miles.     It 
is  divided  into  9  diftrifts.      Charlejloti^ 
Beaufort^    and    Oeorgeicnvfi  conftitute 
Tivhat  is  called  the  Loiuer  Ceutitry,  and 
contain  19  pariftics,and  28,694  white  in- 
habitants;  icnd  tothelcgilhiturc  7orep- 
refentativcs,  and  20  fenator!;,  and  pay 
taxes  to  the  amount  of /i28, 081  :  5  ;  11. 
Ninety-Six,  ffajhingfor,  Phtckfie\\,  Cam- 
detit  Ortttigebnrgf  and  C/jeraiv  diftrids, 
are  comprehended  in  the  Upper  Country, 
and  contain  23  counties,  and  110,90a 
white  inhabitants ;  fend  to  the  le^ida- 
turc  54  reprefentatives,  and  17  icna- 
tors,  ana  pay  taxes  to  the  amount  of 
/8,39o  :  a  :  3.     The  great  inequality 
of  rttprefcntation  is  obvious  ;  attempts 
have  been  made  by  the  Upper  diftri^s, 
to  remedy  this  evil,  but  hitherto  without 
effect.    By  a  late  arrangement  the  name 
of  county,  is  given  to  the  fubdivifion  of 
thofe  diltrifts  only,  in  which  county 
courts  are  eitahlifhed.    In  the  Lower 
diftriils,  the  fubdivifions  are  called  pa- 
rifhes,  and  made  only  for  the  purpofe 
of  elefling  the  members  of  the  State 
legiflature.     The  total  number  of  in- 
habitants  in  1790,  449,073,  of  whom 
107,094  were  (laves.     This  State  is 
watered  by  many  navigable  rivers,  the 
principal  of  which  are  bavannah,  Edifto, 
Santee,    Pedee,    and   their   branches. 
Tile  Santee  is  the  largeft  river  in  the 
State.    Thofe  of  a  fecondary  (ize,  as 
you  pafs  from  N.  to  S.  are  Wakkamaw, 
Black,  Cooper,  Alhepoo,  and  Combahee 
rivers.     In  the  third  clafs  are  compre- 
hended thofe  rivers  which  extend  but 
a  ihort  diftance  from  the  ocean,  and 
ferve,  by  branching  into  niimberlefs 
creeks,  as  drains  to  carry  off  the  rain 
water  which  comes  down   from  the 
large  inland  fwamps,  or  are  merely 
arms  of  the  fea.    The  tide  in  no  part 
of  the  State,  flows  above  45  miles  from 
the  fea*    A  canal  of  ai  miles  in  length, 
connefting  Cooper  ard  Santee  rivers,  is 
nearly  completed,  whichy  by  eftimation, 
j  will  coft  400,000  dollars  i   and  the 
company  are  allowed  tg  raijUe  a  toll  of 


SOU 

aapcr  cenf .  on  the  funi  aduaily  expcncf. 
ed.    Another  caoiil  is  foon  to  be  btguo 
to  unite  the  Edifto  with  the  Alhlcy.    It 
is  alio  in  conteniplaiipn  to  nuke  a  wag- 
gon road  from  the  f  ;ttli;nients  in  S.  Cai  0- 
Jioa,  over  the  mountams  to  Knoxville, 
in  Tenneflee  j  and  a  fum  <>t  money  haa 
been  voted  for  that  purpofe.   The  only 
harbours  of  note,  are  thofe  of  LliuileU 
ton,    Port-Royal,    and    Georgetown. 
The  climate  is  different  in  ditfcrent 
parts  of  the  State.    Along  the  iea-cuaiU 
bilious  diieales  and  fevers  of  various 
kinds  are  prevalent  between  July  and 
Odlober.    The  probability  of  dymg  n 
much  greater  between  the  20th  of  June 
and  the  20th  of  Oclo,ber,  dum  in  the 
other  eight  months  in  the  ytar.    One 
CHufe  of  thefe  difeaies,  is,  a  low  niai/liy 
country,  which  is  overflowed  for  the 
fake  of  cultivating  rice.    1  lie  exhala- 
tions from  thefe  lUgnated  waters,  from 
the  rivers,  and  from  the  neighbouring 
ocean,  and  the  profufc  perlpuation  ot 
vegetables  of  all  kinds,    uhich  cover 
the  ground,  fill  the  air  with  nioilture. 
This  moifture  falls  in  frequent  rains  and 
copious  dews.  From  a(f^ual  obfcrvation» 
it  has  been  found  that  the  average  annu- 
al fall  of  rain,  for  ten  yoars,  was  4^ 
inches,  without  regarding  the  moifture 
that  fell  in  fogs  and  dews.    The  great 
heat  of  the  day  relaxes  the  body,  and 
the  agreeable  coolnefs  of  the  evening  in- 
vites to  an  expofure  to  thefe  heavy 
dews.    But  not  only  does  the  water  oa 
tlie  low  grounds  and  rice  fwamps  be- 
come in  a  degree  putrid,  and  emit  an 
unwholefome  vapour,  but  when  it  is 
dried  up  or  drawn  off  from  the  furface 
of  the  ground,  a  quantity  of  weeds  and 
grafs  which  have  been  rotted  by  the 
water,  and  animals  and  iifli  which  have 
been  dcftroyed  by  it,  are  expofed  to  the 
intenfe  heat  of  the  fun,  and  help  to  in- 
fedt  the  air  with  a  quantity  of  poifonous 
effluvia.    Within-  the  limits  of  Charlef- 
ton,  the  cafe  is  very  different,  and  the 
danger  of  contrafting    difeafes  arifes 
ftom  indolence  and  excels.    Though  a 
refidencc  in  or  near  the  fwamps  is  very 
injurious  to  health,  yet  it  has  been  fatts- 
faftorily  afcenainea,  that  by  removing^ 
three  miles  from  them,  into  the  pine 
knd  which  occupiizs  the  middle  ground 
between  the  rivers,  an  exemption  from 
autumnal  fevers  may  be  obtained.    The 
difagreeable  efFcdts  of  this  climate,  ex- 
perience has  proved,  might  in  a  great 
meafure  be  avoided,  by  thofe  iohabit» 

vaxA 


( 


-(. 


%  1 


i  1i 


i  "I 


fi  o  u 

ants  \Vhofc  circumftances  will  admit  of 
thtir  removal  from  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  rice  fwamps,  to  healthier  lituations, 
during  the  months  of  July,  Auguft, 
September  and  Odober ;  and  in  the 
worll  lituations,  by    temperance  and 
care.    Violent  exercife  on  horfeback, 
chicHy,  expolure  to  the  meridian  rays 
©f  the  i'lm,  iuddcn  fhowers  of  rain,  and 
the  night  air,  are  too  frequently  the 
caufes  of  fevers  and  other  diforders. 
Would  the  fportfmen  deny  themfelves, 
during  the  fall  months,  their  favourite 
amufemcnts  of  hunting  and  flihing,  or 
confine  themfelves  to  a  very  few  hours, 
in  the  morning  or  evening — would  the 
induftrious  planter  vilit  his  fields  only 
at  the  fame  hours — or  would  the  poorer 
clafs  of  people  pay  due  attention  to  their 
manner  of  living,  and  obferve  the  pre- 
■  cautions  tecommended  to  them  by  men 
of  knowledge  and  experience,   much 
licknefs  and  many    dilfrefling   events 
might  be  prevented.    The  upper  coun- 
try, (ituated  in  the  medium  between  ex- 
•treme  heat  and  cold,  is  as  healthful 
as  any  part  of  the  United  S    '«s«    Ex- 
cept  the   high  hills  of  ee,    the 
Kidge,  and  lomc  few  ot  Is,  this 
country  is  like  one  extennvc  plain,  till 
\ou   reach  the  Tryon  and  Hogback 
Mountains,  aao   miles    north-well   of 
Charlefton.     The  elevation  of  thefe 
mountains  above  their  bale,  is  3840  feet, 
and  above  the  fea-coaft,  4640.    There 
is  exhibited  from  the  top  of  thefe  moun- 
tains an  cxtenfive  view  of  this  State, 
^iorth-Carolina,  and  Georgia.    And  as 
ro  object  intervenes  to  obftruft  the  view, 
a  man  with  telefcop'ic  eyes  might  difcern 
vefl'els  at  fea.    The  mountains  weft  and 
north-weft  rife  much  higher  than  thefe, 
and  form  a  ridge,  which  divides  the 
w;iters  of  Tenneflee  and  Santee  rivers. 
The  fea-cqaft  is  bordered  with  a  chain 
of  fine  fea  iflands,  around  which  the  fea 
£ows,  opening  an  excellent  inland  nav- 
igation, for  the  conveyance  of  produce 
to  market.    North  of  Charlefton  har- 
bour, lie  Bull's,  Dewee's  and  Sullivan's 
illands,  which  form  the  north  part  of 
the  hatbour.    James'  ifland  lies  on  the 
other   fide  of  the  harbour,  oppolite 
Charlefton,  coritaining  about  50  families. 
Further  fouth-weft  is  John's  ifland,  larg- 
er than  James';    Stono  river,  which 
forms  a  convenient  and  fai'e  harbour, 
divides  thefe  iflar;ds.     Contiguous  to 
John's  ifland,  and  connedked  with  it  by 
a  bridge,  is  Wadmtlaw  ;  eail  of  which 


SOU 

at^  the  fmrdl  ifles  of  Keywaw  and  Sim. 
mon.    Between  thefe  and  Edifto  Ifland, 
is  N.  Ldifto  Inlet,  wl'ich  alfo  uflbrds 
a  good  harbour  for  veflels  of  eafy  draft 
ot  water.    South  of  Ldifto  Ifland  is  S. 
Kdiftu  Inlet,  through  which  enter,  from 
the  northward,  all  the  vefl'els  bound  ut 
Beauibrt,  Alheepoo,    Combiihee,  and 
Coofaw.    On  the  fouth-weft  lide  of  St. 
Helena  Ifland  lies  a  clufter  of  iflands, 
one  of  the  largeft  of  which  is  Port  Roy. 
al.  Adjacent  to  Port  Royal  lie  St.  Hele- 
na, Ladies  Ifland,  Paris  llland,  and  the 
Hunting  Iflands,  5  or  6  in  number,  bor- 
dering on  the  ocean,  fo  called  froiii  the 
number  of  deer  and  other  wild  game 
found  upon  them.  All  thefe  iflands,  and 
fome  others  of  lefs  note,  belong  to  St. 
Helena  parifli.     Croifing  Broad  river, 
you  cor.ic  to  Hilton  Head,  the  moll 
Ibuthern  fea  ifland  in  Carolina.    Weil 
and  Ibtith-weft  of  Hilton  Head,  lie  Pinck- 
ney's,  Bull's,  Dawfulkies',  and  fome 
fmaller  illands,  between  which  and  Hil- 
ton Head,  are  Calibogie  river  and  found, 
which  form  the  outlet  of  May  and  New 
rivers.   Tlie  foil  on  thefe  iflands  is  gen- 
erally better  adapted  to  the  culture  oF 
indigo  and  cotton  than  the  main,  and 
lefs  luited  to  rice.    The  natural  growth 
is  the  live  oak,  which  is  ib  excellent  for 
fliip  timber ;  and  the  palmetto  or  cabbage 
tree,  the  utility  of  which,  in  the  conftiuc- 
tion  of  forts,  was  experienced  during  the 
late  war.  The  whole  State,  to  the  diltance 
of  80  or  100  mUcs  from  the  iea,ge(icridly 
fpeaking,  is  low  and  level,  almoft  with- 
out a  ftone,  and  abounds  more  or  lefs, 
clpecially  on  and  near  the  rivers,  with 
fwamps  or  marfhcs,  which,  when  clear- 
ed and  cultivated,  yield,  in  favourable 
fcalbns,  on  average,  an  annual  income 
of  from  20  to  40  dollars  for  each  acre, 
anu  often  mui.n  more  :  but  this  fpecies 
of  foi'  cannot  be  cultivated  by  white 
men,  wi.'iout  endangering  both  health 
and  life.     Thefe  fwamps  do  not  cover 
an  hundredtii  part  of  the  State  of  Caro- 
lina.     In  this  diftance,  by  a  gradul 
afcent  from  the  fea-coaft,  the  land  riles 
about  190  feet.      Here,  if  you  proceed 
in  a  W.  N.  W.  courfe  from  Charlefton, 
commences  a  curioufly  uneven  country. 
The  traveller  is  conftantly  afcendinji 
or  defcending  little  fand-nills,  which 
nature  feems  to  have  difunited  in  1 
frolic.    If  a  pretty  high  fea  were  i'ud- 
denly  arrefted,   and  transformed  into 
fand-hifls,  in  the  very  form  the  wavt< 
exiihd  at  the  moment  of  transtbrma- 

tiop, 


V 

^eywaw  and  S'lnu 
;iDd  £difto  Iflund, 
rlfich  alfo  affords 
iicls  of  eafy  dralt 
Lvdillo  iHund  is  8. 
which  enter,  from 
le  veli'cls  bound  to 
Combiihee,  and 
ith-welk  lidc  oi  St. 
clurter  of  idands, 
vhicli  is  Port  Roy- 
Royal  he  St.  IIclc- 
ris  illand,  and  the 
•  6  in  number,  bor- 
fo  called  from  the 

I  other  wild  game 

II  thefe  iflands,  and 
lote,  belong  to  St. 
ilfing  Broad  river, 
1  Head,  the  molt 
n  CaioHna.    Weft 
ton  Head,  lie  Pinck. 
fulkies',  and  fonii; 
een  which  and  Hii- 
jj[ie  river  and  found, 
it  of  May  and  New 
:hefe  iflands  is  gen- 
d  to  the  culture  oi 
:han  the  main,  and 
rhe  natural  growth 
h  is  fo  excellent  ior 
palmetto  or  cabbage 
ich,  in  the  conihuc- 
)ericnced  during  the 
State, to  the  diltancc 
)mthelea,gener;Jly 
I  level,  almoft  with- 
ounds  more  or  lek, 
ear  the  rivers,  \\ith 
which,  when  clear- 
yield,  in  favourable 
,  an  annual  income 
jUars  for  each  acre, 
re  :  but  this  fpecb 
:ultivated  by  white 
igering  both  health 
famps  do  not  cover 
;)fthe  State  of  Caro- 
ance,  by  a  gradiul 
-coaft,  the  land  riles 
lere,  if  you  proceed 
rfe  from  Charlefton, 
ufly  uneven  country. 
;onllantly  afcending 
le  fand-hills,  which 
lave  difunitcd  in  i 

high  fea  were  Ibd- 
id  transformed  into 
very  form  the  wavts 
mens  of  transibrma. 

tlOP, 


J 


SOU 

liofl,  it  Mfould  prtkat  the  eye  withjuft 
fiich  ft  view  at  is  here  to  be  leen.  Some 
little  herbage,  and  a  few  i'mall  pinei, 
grow  even  on  this  foil.  The  inhabiunls 
are  few,  and  have  but  a  fcanty  lubliil- 
CDce  on  com  and  fweet  potatoes,  which 
grow  here  tolerably  well.  This  curious 
country  continues  till  you  arrive  at  a 
place  called  the  Ridge,  140  miles  irom 
Charlefton.  This  ridge  is  a  remark:ible 
tradt  of  high  ground,  as  you  approach 
k  from  the  fea,  but  level  as  you  advance 
#J.  W.  from  its  fummit.  It  is  a  fine 
high,  healthy  belt  of  land,  well  watered, 
and  of  a  good  foil,  and  extends  from 
the  Savannah  to  Broad  river,  in  about 
6  30  W.  long,  from  Philadelpiiia.  Be- 
yond this  ridge,  commences  a  country 
exadtly  refembling  the  northern  States, 
or  like  Devonihire  in  lingland,  or  Lan- 
guedoc  in  France.  Here  lulls  and  dides, 
with  ail  their  verdure  and  variegated 
beauty,  prefcnt  thtmfelves  to  the  eye. 
Whe;i4  fields,  which  are  rare  in  the  low 
country,  begin  to  grow  common.  Here 
Heaven  ha  liellowed  its  bleflings  with 
a  moft  bounteous  hand.  The  air  is 
rauch  more  temi>erate  and  healthful 
than  nearer  to  tlie  fea.  The  hills  are 
covered  with  valuable  woods,  the  vallies 
watered  witli  beautiful  rivers,  and  the 
fertility  of  the  ibil  is  equal  to  every 
vegetable  produdtion.  This,  by  way 
of  diftindioD,  is  called  the  Upper  Conn- 
tr)t  where  are  different  modes,  and 
different  articles  of  cultivation  ;  where 
the  manners  of  the  people,  and  even 
their  language  have  a  different  tone. 
The  land  ftilT  riies  by  a  gradual  afccnt ; 
each  fucceeding  lull  overlooks  that 
which  immediately  precedes  it,  till, 
having  advanced  a»o  miles  in  a  N.  W. 
diredlion  from  Charlefton,  the  elevation 
of  the  land  above  the  ica-coall;,  is  found 
by  menfuration  to  be  800  feet,  llere 
commences  a  montitainous  country, 
which  continues  riling  to  the  wcffern 
terminating  point  of  this  State.  The 
loil  may  be  divided  into  four  kinds  ; 
firjly  the  pine  barren,  which  is  valu.tble 
only  tor  its  timbir.  Interfpetlld  among 
the  pine  barren,  are  ttadts  of  Uuid  Irec 
of  timber  and  every  kind  of  growth 
but  that  of  grafs.  Thefe  tiatts  are 
called  Savannas,  cquitituting  Afecond 
kind  of  foil,  good  for  grazing.  The 
third  kind  is  that  of  the  fwamps  and 
low  grounds  on  the  rivers,  which 
is  a  mixture  of  black  loam  and  fat  clay, 
producing  naturally  canes  in  great  pkn- 
B&b 


SOU 

ty,  cyprefs,  bayj,  loblolly  pines,  kc. 
Inthcie    Iwunips   rice  is  cultivated, 
which  conftitulcs  the  ftaijle  commodity 
of  the  Slate.     The  high  lands,  com. 
monly  kjiown  by  the  name  of  oak  and 
hickory  lands,  conftitutc  rhcjlurth  kind 
of  foil.     The  natural  growth  is  oak, 
hickory,  walnut,  pine,  and  locuft.    Oo 
,  thefe  lands,  in  the   low  cuuntry,  ate 
cultivated  Indian  corn  principally  ;  and 
in  the  back  country,  belides  thele,  they 
railie  tobacco  in  large  qiuintiiie<!,  wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  hemp,  flax,  and  cot- 
ton.    From  experiment.;  which  h;\v'j 
been  made,  it  ij  'vcll  al'ccrt  ined  that 
olives,  filk,    and  madder   ih.iy  be  as 
abundandy  produced  in  ''xmtlv  Carolina, 
and  we  may  add  in  Georgia  alil),  as  in 
the  fouth  of  France.      iiicre  is  little 
fruit  in   this  Stale,  efpecially  in   the 
lower  parts  of  it.    They  have  oranges, 
which  are  chiefly  four,    and  ligs  io 
plenty,  a  few  limes  and  lemons,  pome- 
granates,  pears,  and  peaches ;    apples 
are  fcarce,  and  are  imported  from  the 
northern  States.      Melons,    efpfcially 
the    water-melon,  are  raifed  here    in 
gieat  perfce'tion.     The  river  fwamps, 
in  which  rice  can  be  cidtivated  with 
any  tolerable  d.;;gree  of  lafcty  and  fuc- 
cefs,  do  not  extend  higher  up  die  rivers 
than  the  head  of  the  tides ;  and  in  efti- 
mating  the  value  of  this  fpecics  of  rice 
land,  the  height  which  tlie  tide  rifes 
is  taken  into  ccnfideralion,  thofe  lying 
where  it  rifes  to  a  proper  pilch  for 
overflowing  the  rvvainps  being  the  molt 
valuable.      The  beft  inland  I'wamps, 
which  conftitute  a  fecond  fpecies  of 
rice  land,  are  fuch  as  are  furnilh. d  with 
refeivcs  of  water.     Thefe  lefcrves  are 
formed  by  means  of  large  banks  thrown 
up  at  the  upper  parts  of  the  fwamps, 
whence  it  is  conveyed,^when  needed, 
to  the  fields  of  rice.    At  "the  diftance  of 
about  I  JO  miles  from  the  fea,  the  river 
fwamps  terminate,  and  ilie  high  lands 
extend  qwte  to  the  rivers,  and  form 
banks,  in  fome  places,  feveral  liiindi  ed 
feet  high  from  the  furf'ace  of  the  watrr, 
and  afford  many  exicnlive  and  delight- 
ful views.    Thi  '  high  banks  are  inter- 
woven witli  layers  of  leaves,  and  differ- 
ent coloured  earth,  and  abound  with 
quarries  of  free-ftone,   pebbles,  flint, 
cry  Hals,  iron  ore  in  abundance,  fiher, 
lead,  fulphur,    arid  coarfe  diamonds. 
The  fwamps,  above  the  head  of  the 
tide,  fcie  occafionally  planted  with  corn, 
cott(m,and  indigo.  T^hc  foil  is  vcrv  rich, 

yielding 


'  -I ., 


Vielding  from  49  to  50  bufhels  of  corn  an 
acre.  It  is  curiouti  to  obleive  the  gra- 
dations froni  the  Ica-coaft  to  the  upper 
country,  with  relpeit  to  the  produce,  the 
mode  uf  cultivation,  and  the  cultivators. 
On  the  idands  upon  tht  fea-coaft,  and  for 
40  or  ^o  miles  back^  and  on  the  rivers 
much  farther,  the  cultivators  are  all  (laves. 
No  white  man,  to  llpeak  gcnetally,  ever 
thinks  of  fettling  a  firm,  and  improving 
it  for  himfelf,  without-  negroes  :  if  he 
has  no  negroes,  he  hires  himfelf  as 
ovcrfecr  to  fome  rich  planter,  who  has 
Lore  than  he  can  or  will  attend  to,  till 
he  can  purch-afe  for  himfelf.  The  arti- 
stes cultivated  are  corn,  rye,  oats,  eyei  y 
fpecies  of  pulfe,  and  potatoes,  which, 
with  the  fmall  rice,  arc  food  for  the  ne- 
groes ;  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  and  fome 
hemp,  for  exportiitioii.  The  culture 
cf  cotton  is  capable  wf  being  increafcd 
equal  to  almoft  any  demand.  The  foil 
was  cultivated,  till  lately,  almoft  wholly 
by  manual  labour.  The  plough,  till 
fince  the  peace,  was  icarcely  ufed. 
Now  the  plough  and  harrow,  and  other 
improvements  are  introduced  into  the 
rice  fwanips  with  great  fuccefs,  and 
will  no  doubt  become  general.  In  the 
middle  fettlements,  negroes  are  not  fo 
numerous.  The  multer  attends  per- 
fonally  to  his  ovvn  bulinefs.  The  land 
is  not  propeny  fituated  for  rice.  It 
produces  tolerable  goyd  indigo  weed, 
and  fomt:  tobacco  is  raifcd  for  exporta- 
tion. The  farmt :•  is  contented  to  raile 
corn,  potatoes,  oati ,  rye,  poultry,  and 
a  little  wheat.  In  t' ,e  upper  country, 
there  are  but  few  r'grocs;  generally 
ibeaking,  the  farmers  have  none,  and 
depend,  like  the  inhabitants  of  the 
northern  States,  upon  the  labour  of 
themfelves  and  famines  for  fubfiftence  j 
the  plough  is  ufed  almoft  wholly.  In- 
dian corn  in  great  quantities,  wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  potatoes^  5cc.  are  raifed 
for  food  ;  and  tobacco,  wheat,  cotton, 
hemp,  flax  and  indigo,  for  exportation. 
From  late  experiments  it  has  been 
found  that  vines  may  be  cultivated,  and 
Mfinc  made  to  great  advantage  :  Inukc 
root,  pink  root,  and  a  variety  of  me- 
diciQai  herbs  grow  fpontaneoully ;  alfo, 
ginfer\g  on  and  near  tl>c  mountains. 
This  country  abounds  with  precious 
ores,  fuch  as  gold,  filrer,  Icadr  black 
lead,  copper  and  iron  ;  but  it  is  the  mif- 
furtunc  of  thole  who  direct  their  purfuits 
in  fearch  of  them,  that  they  are  deficient 
in  the  kuuwieJ^^  U'  chyntilby}  and  too 


SOU 

frequentlynrikeufeofiraproperraenftMi;. 
urns  in  extradting  the  refpedtive  metalsn 
There  are  lik«wife  to  be  found  pellucid 
floncs  of  different  hues,  rock  cryf- 
cal,  pyrites,  petritied  fubftanccs,  coarfe 
corn«lian,  marble  beautifully  variegated^ 
'/itreous  llone  and  vitreous  land  ;  red 
and  yellow  ochres,  which,  when  rcilkd 
and  grouvxldown  with  linfeed  oil,  make 
a  very  exc«llent  paint  j  alfo,  potter's 
clay  of  a  moll  delicate  texture,  fuller's 
earth, and  a  number  of  dye-fluffs,  among 
which  is  a  lingular  weed  which  yields 
fonr  different  colours,  its  leaves  are  liir- 
prifingly  llyptic^  ftrongly  refembling 
the  tafte  of  alum  ;  likewife,  an  ?.bun- 
d.mce  of  chalk,  crude  alum,  fulpluir, 
nitre,  vitriol,  and  along  the  banks  of  riv- 
ers large  quantities  t>f  marie  may  be  col- 
leded.  There  are  alio  a  variety  di 
roots,  the  medicinal  effi^s  of  which  it 
is  i\k  barbarous  policy  of  thofe  who  are 
in  the  fecrct  to  keep  a  profound  mylle- 
ry.  The  rattle  fnake  root,  io  famous 
amongft  the  Indians  for  tlie  cure  of  poi- 
Ibn,  is  of  the  number.  The  next  is  the 
vcnerial  toot,  which,  under  a  vegetable 
regimen,  will  cure  a  confirmed  lues. 
Another  root,  when  reduced  to  an  im- 
palpable powder,  is  fingularly  effica- 
cious in  dcftroying  worms  in  children. 
There  is  likewife  a  root,  an  ointment  of 
which,  with  a  poultice  of  the  fame,  will 
in  a  fhort  fpace  of  time  difcufs  the  moft 
extraordinary  tumours,  particularly 
what  is  termed  the  white  fweiling  ;  this 
root  is  very  fcarce.  There  is  another 
root,  a  decotilion  of  which,  in  new  milk, 
\yill  cure  the  bloody  dyfentery  ;  the  pa- 
tient nui  ft  avoid  cold,  and  much  judg- 
ment is  Fcquiiitc  in  the  potion  to  be  ad- 
miniftercd.  There  is  alfo  a  plant,  the 
'eaves  of  which,  beiiig  bruifed,  and  ap- 
plied to  the  part  afFc<?ted,  relieves  rheu- 
matic pains  V  it  occaiions  a  confiderable 
agitation  of  the  parts,  attended  with 
moil  violent  and  acute  pains,  but  never 
fails  to  procure  immediate  eae.  There 
is  alfo  a  plant,  the  leaves  of  which  have 
a  nioll  foetid  fmell  ^  thefe  leaves  being 
boiled,  and  any  perfon  afflidled  with 
cutaneous  co.mplaints,  once  bathing 
therein,  will  be  radically  cured.  There 
is  a  roue,  which  adls  as  an  excellent 
puPKe,  and  is  well  calculated  for  the  k- 
buuriug  part  of  mankind,  as  it  is  only 
neccllkiy  to  chew  it  in  its  crude  llate» 
and  It  requires  no  manner  of  aid  to  fa- 
cilitate its  operation.  An  equally  effi- 
cacious aod  liniplc  purge  is  obtained 
.  .  .-  froru 


sou 


sou 


frem  a  weed,  the  ftalk  of  wliicli  18  red» 
is  about  3  feet  high,  and  tlie  flower 
white  ;  the  leaves  i  un  from  tlie  bottom 
of  the  ftalk  in  oppoiite  and  correfpond- 
ing  lines ;  the  feed  is  about  thp  lizc  of 
a  wheat  jrain,  globular  in  the  »-cntre, 
and  oblate  at  both  ends ;  it  is  fall  of  oil, 
and  taftes  like  a  walnut  kernel :  ao  grains 
of  this,  chewed  and  fwallowcd,  is,  in 
point  of  mildnel's  and  eificacy,  equal  to 
any  rhubarb ;  ami  the  pleaCintncfs  of  its 
talte,  as  a  deception  to  weak  ftomachs, 
appears  to  have  been  a  delign  of  Provi- 
dence :  in  its  operation  it  refembjes  caf- 
tor  oil.  A  very  fovereign  remedy  is  ex- 
trafted  from  tne  bark  of  a  tree,  which 
may  be  ufed  to  great  advantage  in  the 
diieafes  incident  to  this  climate.  Every 
climate,  Ibme  believe,  has  its  peculiar 
difeafe,  and  every  difcafc  its  peculiar 
qntidote  under  the  fame  climate.  In 
addition  to  the  above  is  another  fpccies 
of  bark,  of  a  I'weet  and  nauftous  tafte ; 
the  tree  grows  contiguous  to  a  very 
powerful  chalybeate  ipring ;  the  bark, 
when  fufBciently  mailicated,  operates  as 
a  very  potential  purge  and  emetic,  and 
in  the  hands  of  a  Ikilful  chyniift  may  be 
rendered  very  ferviccablc.  In  this  coun- 
try is  a  tree  which  bears  j  large  pod,  in- 
clofing  a  kind  of  mucilage,  the  juice  of 
which  is  very  ftiarp ;  the  bark  fmells 
like  tanned  leather,  and  wlien  prepared 
like  hemp,  makes  the  very  bcft  of  cord- 
age. Alfo  another  tree,  which  bears  an 
ear  like  a  corn-cob,  covered  with  berries, 
containing  a  large  proportion  of  oil. 
There  is  likewife  a  very  fmgular  tree, 
which  affords  a  moft  fuperb  rtiade  ;  it 
produces  a  round  ball,  which,  in  the 
heat  of  fummer,  opens  and  enlarges  a 
number  of  male  infcdts,  which  become 
very  troublefome  whereever  they  lodge ; 
this  happens  generally  fome  diftance 
from  their  parent  tree.  The  hand  of  na- 
ture never  formed  a  country  with  more 
natural  advant,  ges,  or  bleflcd  it  with  a 
more  lerene  or  Tiealtliful  climate.  It  a- 
bounds  with  game  of  all  kinds,  is  a  very 
fine  fruit  country,  and  is  pcculiarlyadant- 
ed  to  the  growtn  of  vines,  the  olive,  (ilk, 
and  coffee  trees,  and  the  produ(Sion  of 
cotton.  It  is  a  pcrfedt  garden  of  medical 
herbs,  and  its  medicinal  fprings  are  not 
inferior  to  any  in  Europe.  The  iron- 
works, known  by  the  name  of  the  Jira 
JEtna  tron-fujorks y  are  (ituated  in  York 
county,  within  two  miles  of  the  C;itaw- 
ba  river.  Within  the  compafs  of  two 
mile?  from  the  firrnace,  there  is  ar.  iii- 


w»<n 


cxhauftible  quantity  of  ore,  which  warki 
eafy  and  well  in  the  furnace    The 
metal  is  good  fen-  hammers,  giulgeons, 
or  any  ki^id  of  machinery  anil  hollow 
ware,   and  will  make  good  bar-iron. 
Eor.Tie  trial  has  been  made  of  it  in  fteel, 
and  it  promifes  well.    Nothing  is  ne- 
ceflary  for  prepiring  the  ore  for  ufe, 
but  burning.    The  ore  confifts  of  large 
rocks  above  the  furface  ;  the  depth  not 
yet  known.    In  the  cavities  between, 
lie  an  ochre  and  leed  ore.    It  is  laid 
tlicre  will  be  no  occalion  to  fink  fliafts 
or  drive  levers  for  50  years  to  come. 
The  ^ra  furnace  was  built  in  1787— 
the  iEtna  in  1788.    The  neareft  land- 
ing at  prefent  (1795)  is  Camden,  70 
mdes  from  the  furnace.    The  proprie- 
tors of  the  works,  and  feven  others 
have  obtained  a  charter  to  open  the 
Catawba  to  the  N.  Carolina  line,  and  a 
charter  from  N.  Carolina  to  open  the 
river  80  miles  higher  in  that  Sute,  and 
it  is  expedted  that  boats  will  come  with- 
in 40  miles  of  the  works  this  fummer, 
(1/95)  as  there  are  boats  already  built 
for  the  purpofe  which  are  to  carry  i<^ 
tons,  and  in  the  courfe  of  another  fum- 
mer will  be  brought  within  two  milesr 
of  the  works.    Tlie  works  are  wiihb 
two  miles  of  the  river,  and  the  creek 
can  be  made  navigable  to  the  works, 
Mr.  William  Ilill,  one  of  the  princijial 
proprietors  of  thefe  woiks,  has  contriv- 
ed a  method,  by  means  of  a  fall  of  water, 
of  blowing  all  the  fires  both  of  th  ^  iorges 
and  furnaces,  lb  as  to  render  unncctHa- 
ry  the  ufe  of  wheels,  cylinders,  or  any 
otlicr  kind  of  bellows.     The  machinery 
is  fimple  and  che;p,  and  not  liable  to 
the  accident  of  freezing.    In  the  middle, 
and  efpecially  in  the  upper  country,  the 
people  are  obliged  to  nianuticlure  their 
own  cotton  and  woollen  cloths,  and 
moil  of  their  hulbandry  tools ;  but  in 
the  lower  country,  the  inhabitante,  for 
thtfe  articles,  depend  alnioft  entiicly  oa 
their  merchants.    Late  accounts  from 
the  interior  parts  of  this  State  "nform, 
that  cotton,  jicnip  and  flax  are  plenty ; 
that  they  have  a  confiderahle  ilock  of 
good  Iheep ;  that  great  exertions  are 
inadii,  and  much  done  in  the  houfehold 
way  ;  that  tliev  have  long  been  in  the 
'  h;ibit  of  doing  fbmething  in  family  man- 
ufactures, but  within  a  few  years  pad 
great  improvements  have  been  made. 
The  women  do  the  weaving,  and  leave 
the  men  to  attood  to  agricuKure.    This 
State  fuinilhcs  all  tlie  materials,  and  of 

the 


I  :. 


I! 


SOVf 

t^e  beft  kind,  for  fhip  building,  The  i 
lire  oak,  and  the  pitch  and  yellow  pines, 
are  of  a  fuperior  quality.  Ships  might 
be  built  here  with  more  eafc,  and  to 
much  greater  advantage,  thih  in  the 
rtiiddle  and  eaftern  States.  A  want  of 
fedmen,  is  one  reafon  why  this  bufinefs 
is  not  more  generally  attended  to.  So 
much  attention  is  now  paid  to  the  man- 
ufacture of  indigo,  in  this  State,  that  it 
bids  fair  to  rival  that  of  the  French.  It 
is  to  be  regretted,  that  it  is  ftill  the  prac- 
tice of  the  merchants  concerned  in  the 
Carolina  trad**,  to  fell  at  foreign  markets 
tbe  Carolina  indigo  of  the  firft  quality, 
as  French.  The  fcciety  for  the  infor- 
mation and  alTiftance  of  perfons  emi- 
grating from  other  countries,  in  a  print- 
ed r^perj  which  bears  their  fignature, 
fay  that  •'  A  monicd  capital  may  be 
profitably  employed,  i.  In  creding 
mills,  for  making  paper,  for  fiiwing 
lumber,  and  efpecially  for  manufaftur- 
icg  wheat  flcur.  There  are  hundreds 
of  valuable  mill  feats  unimproved,  and 
the  W(  ods  abound  witli  pine  trees.  A 
bufliel  of  wheat  may  be  ptirchafcd  in 
South-Carolina  for  half  a  dollar,  wbich 
■will  make  as  good  flour  as  that  which 
in  the  vicinity  of  proper  mills  fells  for 
double  that  price.  Such  is  the  cheap- 
liefs  and  fertility  of  the  foil,  that  half  a 
dollar  a  bufhel  for  wheat  would  afford 
a  great  profit  to  the  cultivators  thereof. 
a.  In  tanning  and  manufa(5turing  leath- 
er— Cattle  are  raifed  with  fo  mucti  eafe, 
in  a  country  where  the  winters  are  both 
mild  and  Ihort,  that  hides  are  remar- 
kably  cheap.  The  profits  of  tan- 
ners and  flioc-makew  muft  be  confid- 
erable,  when  it  is  a  well  known  fiift, 
that  the  hides  of  full  grown  cattle, 
and  a  finglo  pair  of  fhoes  Tell  for  nearly 
the  fame  price.  3.  In  making  bricks — 
T  hefe  powfell  for  9  dollars  a  thoufand, 
and  the  call  for  them  is  fo  great,  that 
the  bricklayers  are  not  fully  fupplied. 
4.  In  making  pot-a{h--The  alhcs  that 
might  he  coilcdcd  in  Charldlon,  and 
from  the  woods  Ininit  in  clearing  new 
lands  in  the  country,  would  nirnilh 
tlie  means  of  ciirrying  on  the  m;inu- 
fadure  of  pot-afli  to  great  advantage." 
Gentlemen  of  fortune,  before  the  late 
■war,  fent  their  fons  to  Fiirope  for  edu- 
cation. Diiriiip  the  war  and  lince,  they 
have  generally  fent  them  to  the  middle 
and  nf.'rthern  States.  Thofe  who  have 
been  at  thin  cxi^enfe  in  cducutin^^  their 
fons,  have  been  but  comparatively  few 


SO  V 

in  number,  fo  that  the  literature  of  tha 
State  is  at  a  low  ebh.  Since  the  peace, 
however,  it  has  begun  to  ilourifh.  There 
are  fcveral  refpeftable  academies  in 
Charlefton,  one  at  Beaufort,  on  Port 
Royal  Ifland,  and  feveral  others  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  State.  Three  colle- 
ges have  lately  been  incorporated  by 
law,  one  at  Charlefton,  one  at  Winnf- 
borough,  in  the  diftri«ft  of  Camden,  the 
other  at  Cambridge,  in  the  diftrift  of 
Ninety-Six.  The  public  and  private 
donations  fbr  the  fuppptt  of  thefe  three 
colleges,  were  originally  intended  to 
haveT)een  appropriated  jointly,  for  the 
ere(5ling  and  fupporting  of  one  refpeft- 
able  college.  The  divifion  of  thefe  do, 
nations  has  fruftrated  this  defign.  Part 
of  the  old  barracks  in  Charlefton  has 
been  bandfomeiy  fitted  up,  and  convert- 
ed into  a  college,  and  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  ftudents ;  but  it  does  not  yet  mer- 
it a  more  dignified  name  th^n  that  of  a 
refpcftahle  academy.  The  Mount  Sion 
college,  at  Winnfborough,  is  fupported 
by  a  refpedtable  fociety  of  gendemen, 
who  have  long  been  incorporated.  '^  his 
inftitution  flourifhes  and  bids  fair  for  ufe- 
fulnefs.  The  college  at  Cambridge  is 
no  more  than  a  grammar  fchool.  That 
the  literature  of  this  State  mii'ht  be  put 
upon  a  refpedtabic  footing,  nothing  is 
wanting  but  a  fpirit  of  enterprize  among 
its  wealthy  inhabitants.  The  legiflature, 
in  their  fcffion  in  January,  1795,  ap- 
pointed  a  committee,  to  inquire  into 
the  prafticability  of,  and  to  report  a 
plan  for,  the  eftablilhment  of  fchoolsin 
the  different  parts  of  the  Sute.  Since 
the  revolution,  by  which  all  denomina- 
tions were  put  on  an  equal  footing,  there 
have  been  no  difputes  between  differ- 
ent religious  fcdls.  They  all  agree  to 
differ.  The  upper  pans  of  this  State 
are  fettled  chiefly  by  Prefbyterians,  Bap- 
tifts  and  Mcthodifts.  _  From  the  molt 
probable  calculations,  it  is  fuppofed  tint 
the  religious  denominations  of  this  State, 
as  to  numbers,  may  be  rankied  as  fol- 
lows :  Prefbyterians,  including  the  Con- 
gregational and  Independent  churches, 
Epifcopalians,  Buptilts,  Methodifts,  &c. 
The  little  attention  that  has  been  paid 
to  manufadturcs,  occafions  a  vafl  con- 
fumption  of  foreign  imported  articles  ( 
but  the  quantity  and  value  of  their  ex- 
ports generally  leave  a  balance  in  favour 
of  the  State,  except  when  there  have 
been  large  importations  of  negroes.  The 
amount  of  exports  from  the  port  of 

Charlefton, 


'   .y^''Tj''-^ 


s  o  u  • 

Chaflefton,  in  the  year  ending  Nov. 
Ijij,  vas  then  eftimated,  from  authen- 
tic documents,  at^505,a79 :  19 : 5  fter- 
ling  money.  The  number  of  veil'els 
cleared  from  the  cuftoni-houft  the  lame 
year,  was  947,  meai'uring  62,118  tons ; 
735  of  thefe,  meai'uring  4i>,T3?  ^""s» 
were  American  ;  the  others  belonged  to 
Great-Britain,  Spain,  France,  the  United 
Netherlands,  and  IreLad.  The  princi- 
pal articles  exported  from  tiiis  State, 
are  rice,  indigo,  tobacco,  fkins  of  various 
kinds,  beef,  pork,  cotton,  pitch,  tar,  ro- 
iin,  turpentine,  myrtle  wax,  lumber,  na- 
val ftores,  cork,  leather,  pink  root,  fnake 
root,  ginfcng,  &c.  In  the  moft  fucceff- 
ful  feafons,  there  have  been  as  many  as 
140,000  barrels  of  rice,  and  1,300,000 

?onnds  of  indigo  cxpoited  in  a  year. 
rom  the  15th  Dec.  1 79 1,  to  vSept.  1 792, 
108,567  tterces  of  rice,  averaging  55olb. 
nett  weight  each,  were  exported  from 
Charlefton,  In  the  year  ending  Sept. 
30, 1 791*  the  amount  of  exports  from 
this  State  was  1,693,267  dolls.  97  cents, 
and  the  year  ending  September,  1 795,  to 
5,998,492  dollars  49  cents.  Charlefton 
18  by  far  the  moft  confidcrable  city  on 
the  lea-coaft,  for  an  extent  of  600  miles, 
prom  it  arc  annually  exported  aboat  the 
value  of  two  millions  and  a  halt  of  dol- 
lars, in  native  commodities  j  and  it  fup- 
plies,  with  imporrctl  goods,  a  great  part 
of  the  inhabitants  ut  North-Carolina  and 
Georgia,  ;is  well  as  thofe  of  S,  Carolina. 
I^e  n  it  thereof  is  open  all  the 
wiflfr,  "  contiguity  to  the  Welt- 

India  iflanu .  i;tvc5  the  merchants  liip  :- 
rior  advantages  for  cai  =  ying  on  a  pec  k 
liarly  lucrative  connncrce.  A  waggoi 
soad  of  fifteen  rjnlw  onl  j*;  ;ili  that  i; 
wanted,  to  open  a  communication  with 
the  inhabitants  of  Tenneflce,  Knox- 
ville,  the  capital  of  that  i>tate,  is  ico 
miles  nearer  to  Charlefton  than  to  any 
other  cbnfiderable  fea-port  town  ■  1  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  The  reform:»tion  in 
France  occafioned  a  civil  war  between 
the  Proteftant  and  Catholic  parties  in 
that  kingdom.  During  thefe  donieO 
troubles,  Jafper  de,Coligni,  a  prin  .. 
commander  of  the  proteftant  ;irmy,  fit- 
ted out  2  (hips,  and  fent  them  with  a 
colony  to  America,  under  the  command 
of  Jean  Ribaud,  for  the  purpofe  of  fe- 
euring  a  retreat  from  prolec\ition.  Ri- 
baud landed  at  what  is  now  called  Al- 
bemarle river,  in  North-Cdrolins.  This 
colony,  after  enduring  incredible  hard- 
ihips,  were  extirpated  by  the  Span- 


5  0  U   ^ 

iards.  No  further  attempts  were  made 
to  plant  a  colony  in  this  quartet,  till 
the  reign  of  Charles  II.  of  England. 

Southern  States;  the  Sutei.  of 
Marytandf   Fttsinia,  Kentucky,  Nartb' 
Carolina,  Tennejfen,  Sout/i-Carolina,  and 
Georgia,  bounded  N.  by  Penniylvania, 
are  thus  denominated.    I'his  diftridt  ot' 
the  Union  contains  upwards  of  it9oo,oc« 
inhabitants,  of  whom  648,439  are  Haves, 
which  is  thirteen    fourteenths   of  tlie 
wi.ola  number  of  Haves  in  the  United 
States.    The  influence  of  flavery  has 
produced  a  very  diftinguiftiing  feature 
in  the  general  charader  of  the  inhabit- 
ants, which,  though  now  difcernible  to 
their  difadvantage,  has  been  foftened 
and  meliorated  by  the  benign  effects  of 
the  revolution,  and  the  progrefs  of  lib- 
erty and  humanity.  The  folTowirg  may 
be  conlidered  as  the  principal  produc- 
tions of  this  divilion— tobacco,  rice,  in- 
digo, wheat,  corn,  cotton,  tar,  pitch, 
turpentine  and  lumber.    In  this  diftri^i't 
is  fixed  the  permanent  feat  of  the  gen- 
eral government,  viz.  the  city  of  Wafh- 
ington. 

SouTHTiF.LD,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  Richmond  co.  bounded  norther- 
ly by  the  N.  fide  of  the  road  leading 
fromVan-Duerfon's  Ferry  to  Richmond- 
Town  and  the  FilliaCjH ;  eafterly  by  Hud- 
fon's  river.  It  contains  855  inhaoitants. 
South  Georgia,  a  duller  of  barren 
idands,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the 
eaft  of  C«pe  Horn,  the  fouthern  point  of 
S.  Ani<  ca  ;  in  lat.  about  54  30  foutli 
Hntl  long.  36  30  weft.  Orve  rt  thefe  is 
fani  tQ  be  between  5c  and  60  leagues  in 
length. 

South  Hadley,  a  townfliip  of  MafTa- 
chufetts,  Hampfhire  ci .  cm  the  eaft  bank 
of  onnci^ticut  river,  12  miles  norther- 
ly of  Springfield,  i  fouth-eaft  of  North- 
ampton, and  90  weft  of  flofton.  It  was 
incorporated  m  1753,  and  contains  759 
inhabitants.  The  locks  and  canals  in 
Houth  Hadley,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Con- 
cfticut  river,  made  for  tlie  purpofe  of 
navigating  round  the  falls  in  the  river, 
were  begun  in  1793,  and  completed  in 
1795.  I'^i^  ^'»"*  '*''^  about  3  miles  in 
lent»th  ;  and  fince  the  completion  of 
thefe  locks  and  canals,  there  has  been 
a  conliderable  increafe  of  tranfportatiorx 
up  and  down  the  1  iver.  Some  mills  are 
akeady  ere£fcd  on  thefe  canals,  and  a 
PI  eat  variety  of  water  works  may,  and 
doubtlcfs  will,  foon  be  erc<^ted  here,  as 
oaturc  and  ^t;  have  nude  it  one  of  the 

ittoft 


I 


t. 


■ ,' 


hi  I 


I  j     i 


i 


SOU  : 

moft  a^^'antageous  places  for  thefe  pur- 
pofes,  in  the  United  States.  Canals  are 
alfo  opening  by  the  iaine  Company,  at 
Miller's  Fails,  in  Montgomery,  about 
25  miles  above  tliefe,  and  on  the  fame 
(ide  of  the  river. 

SouT  H  Hampton,  a  county  of  Virgin- 
ia, between  James's  river,  and  the  Stiite 
ofN.Carolina.  It  contains  12,864  inhab- 
itants, including  ,?,993  flaves.  The 
court-houfe  is  ,^6  m''es  front  Norfolk, 
ts  ivo'm  Greenville,  ^nd  399  from  Phil- 
adolphia. 

South  HamptWy  a  townfhip  of  Ncw- 
Hampfhire,  Rockingham  co.  on  tlie 
foMthern  line  of  the  State,  which  fepa- 
ratcs  it  from  Maflachufetts ;  16  miles 
fouth-weft  of  Portfmouth,  and  6  north- 
weft  of  Newbury-Port.  It  was  taken 
fix>m  Hampton,  and  incorporated  in 
X74Z  ;  and  contains  448  inhabitants. 

South  W/7w/»/o/;,  a  townlhijjof  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Hampfhire  co.  and  feparated 
Irom  Eaft  Hampton  by  Pawtucket  river. 
Jt  was  incorporated  in  1753,  and  con- 
tains 829  inhabitants  ;  about  9  miles  S. 
W.  of  Northampton,  and  109  S.  W.  by 
W.  of  Bofton. 

South  Hampton,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  Suffolk  CO.  Long  I  Hand.  It  in- 
cludes Bridgehampton,  formerly  called 
Saggaboneck,  and  M>:coxe  ;  and,  by 
means  of  Sagg  Harbour,  carries  on  a 
fmall  trade.  It  contains  3,408  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  431  are  elei.'tors,  and  146 
flaves.  It  is  12  miles  from  Sagg  Har- 
bour, 18  from  Suffolk  couit-houfe,  and 
95  caft  of  New- York. 

South  Hampton,  two  townfliips  of 
Pcnnfylvania,  the  one  in  Buck's  co.  the 
other  m  that  of  Franklin. 

South  Hampton,  a  townfhip  in  the 
callcrn  part  of  Nov4-ycotia,  and  in  Hal- 
ifax CO.  It  was  formerly  called  Tatma- 
gouchc,  and  is  35  miles  from  Onflow. 
South  Hempjlcad,  a  townfliip  of 
>'cw-York,  Queen's  co.  Long  Ifland, 
bad  its  name  altered  in  1796  by  the 
iegillaturi:  into  Ik-nipftead.  The  inhab- 
itants, 3,8z6  in  number,  have  the  priv- 
ilege of  oyftering,  fifhing,  and  clam- 
fning,  in  the  creeks,  hays,  and  harbours 
ot  North  Hcmpflead,  and  they  in  return 
have  the  fame  right  in  South  Hempfttad. 
Of  th  inhabitants,  5  75  are  eledlors,  and 
jafi  Haves. 

SruTH  Hero,  or  Graid  IJland^  in 
Lake  Champlain.    Sec  Hero. 

South  HOLD,  or  Southold,  a  townfhip 
oi  New-york>  Suffolk  co.  Long  Iflaud. 


SOU 

It  includes  Fiflier's  Ifland,  Plumb  Ifland, 
Robin's  Uland,  Gull  Illands,  and  all 
that  part  of  the  manor  of  St.  George  on 
the  north  fide  of  Peaconock,  extending 
weftward  to  the  eaft  line  of  Brook  Ha- 
ven. It  contains  a  number  of  pai'lhes, 
and  houfesfor  public  worlfiip,  and  ,;,ii9 
inhabitants;  of  whom  339  are  eledlors, 
and  i8a  flaves.  It  was  fettled  in  1640, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Young  and  his  adher- 
ents, originally  from  England,  but  laft 
from  Salem  in  Maflachufetts. 

South  Hunthigloti,  a  townfhip  in 
Weflmoreldnd  co.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Southington,  the  fouth-weftern- 
moff  townfhip  of  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, JO  miles  foiith-well  of  Hartford, 
and  24  north  of  New-Haven. 

South  Kiugjhn,  a  townfhip  of 
Rhode-lfland,  Wafhington  co.  on  the 
weftern  fide  of  Narraganfet  Bay.  It 
contains  4,131  inhabitants,  including 
135  flaves. 

South  Mountain,  in  New-Jerfey. 
See  Nefw-Jerfey. 

South  Mountain,  a  part  of  the  AHe- 
ghany  Mountains,  in  Pcnnfylvania, 
Near  this  mountain,  about  14  miles 
from  the  town  of  Carlifle,  a  valuable 
copper  mine  was  difcovered  in  Sept. 

1795- 
South  Key,  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of 

the  Bahamas,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  N. 
lat.  42  41,  W.  long.  74  6. 

South  Sea,  now  more  ufually  dif. 
tinguifhed  by  tlie  name  of  Facile  Ocean, 
was  fo  named  by  the  Spaniards,  after 
they  had  paffed  over  the  mountains  of 
tlie  Ifthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama,  from 
north  to  fowth.  It  might  properly  be 
named  the  Weftern  Ocean,  with  regard 
to  America  in  general ;  but  from  the 
Ilthmus  it  appeared  to  them  in  a  fouth- 
crn  direction.  In  the  beautiful  iflands 
in  this  ocean,  the  cold  of  winter  is  never 
known  ;  the  trees  hardly  ever  lofe  their 
leaves  through  the  conftant  fucceflion  of 
vegetation,  and  the  trees  bear  fruit 
through  the  crcateft  part  of  the  year. 
The  heat  is  always  alleviated  by  alter- 
nate breezes,  whilft  the  inhabitants  fit 
under  the  fliatlow  of  groves,  odoriferous, 
and  loaded  with  abundance.  The  fl<y 
is  ferene  ;  the  nights  beautiful ;  and  the 
fca,  ever  offering  its  inexhauftible  ftores 
of  food,  and  an  cafy  and  pleating  con- 
veyance. 

South  Thule,  or  Southern  Thule, 
in  »he  S.Atlantic  Ocean,  is  the  mofl 
fouthern  land  which  has  at  any  time 

txien 


in  New-Jerfey. 


or  Southern  thule, 
)tcan,  is  the  inoft 

has  at  any  tij^o 
Uch 


SPA  V 

been  cGTcoTered  by  navigators.    S.  lat. 
59  34,  W.  long.  2  7  45. 

SouTHWiCK,  a  townfliip  or  Mafla- 
chufetts,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Hamp- 
fliire  CO.  no  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  la  S.  W.  of  Springfield.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1770,  and  contains 
841  inhabitants. 

S0U7H  West  Pointy  in  Tenneflfee, 
is  formed  by  the  conduence  of  Clinch 
with  Tennefl'ee  river,  where  a  block- 
houfe  is  eredcd. 

South  Washin6tov,  a  town  of  N. 
Garohna,  on  the  N.  E.  branch  of  Cajpe 
Fear  river,  which  is  navigable  thus  far 
for  boats.  It  is  13  miles  from  Crofs 
Roads  near  Duplin  court-howfe,  and  36 
from  Wilmington. 

Sou  TOO  X,  an  Indian  village  in  I/OU- 
iGana,  on  the  weft  (ide  of  Miflilippi  riv- 
er, oppofite  to  the  Nine  Mile  Rapids, 
aa  miles  below  Wief^l  .can  river,  and 
a8  above  Riviere  a  la  i.4oche.  N.  lat. 
41  50. 

Sow  a>ii  Pigs,  a  number  of  large 
rocks  lying  off  the  fouth-weft  end  ot 
Catahunk  liland,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
lilunds,  on  the  coait  of  Mailachufcus. 

Spain,  Nenv.    See  Mexico. 

Spaniards'  Bay,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is  round  the  point 
of  the  Ibuth  entrance  into  Port  Dauphin, 
to  tlie  Ibuthward  of  which  is  Ca{)e  Char- 
bon.  Its  mouth  is  narrow,  but  it  is  wider 
within  till  it  branches  into  two  arms, 
both  of  which  are  navigable  3  leagues, 
and  afford  fecure  harbouring.  N.  lat. 
46  ao,  W.  long.  58  a9. 

Spanish  America  contains  im- 
menfe  provinces,  mofl  of  which  are 
very  fertile,  i.  In  North- America,! M\i- 
iiiana,  California,  Old  Mexico  or  New 
Spain,  New  Mexico,  both  the  Fbridas. 
a.  In  the  IVeJl-Indies,  the  ifl*and  of  Cu- 
ba, Porto  Rico,  Trinidad,  Marguretta, 
Tortupa,  &c.  3.  In  South-America, 
Terra  Firma,  Peru,  Chili,  Tucuman, 
Paraguay,  and  Patagonia.  Thefe  cx- 
tenlive  countries  are  defcribed  under 
their  proper  heads.  All  the  exports  of 
Spain,  moil  articles  of  which  no  other 
European  country  can  fupply,  are  efti- 
inated  at  only  80,000,000  livres,  or 
3>333»333l'  ft"!*  The  moil  imporunt 
trade  of  Spain  is  that  which  it  carries 
en  with  its  American  provinces.  The 
chief  imports  from  tliefe  extenlive  coun- 
tries confift  of  gold,  (ilver,  precious 
ftones,  pearls,  cotton,  cocoa,  cochineal, 
led-wood,  (kiaS}  rice,  medicinal  herbs 


SPA 


i;<.. 


and  barks,  as  laffafras,  Peruvian  barl*^ 
&c.  Vanilla,  Vicunna  wool,  fugar,  and 
tobacco.    In  i784»  the  tot;il  amount  of 
the  value  of  Spanifh  goods  exported  to 
America,  was  195,000,000  realesdevei* 
loo  }  foroigii  commodities,  238,000,000 
r.  d.  V.    Ihe  imports    from  America 
were  valued  at  900,000,000  r.  d.  v.  in 
gold,  (ilvcr,  and  precious  ftones ;  and 
upwards  of  300,000,000  in  goods,    la 
the  Gazeta  de  Madrid,  1787,  (Feb.  ao) 
it  was  ftated,  that  the  exports  to  Amer- 
ica (the  Indies)  from  the  following  1% 
harbours,  Cadiz,  Corunna,  Malaga,  Se- 
ville,  St.  Lucar,  Santander,  Canarias, 
Alicante,  Barcelona,  Tortoik,  Gipon, 
St.  Sebaftian,  amounted,  in   1785,  t» 
767,349,787  r.  d.  V.  the  duties  paid  oa 
thefe  exports  amounted  10  38,54.^,70* 
r.  d.  V.     The  importsi  both  in  good^ 
and  money,  from  America  and  the  W- 
India  idands,  amounted  in  the  fame 
year  to  1,366,071,067  r.  d.  v.  ai)d  the 
duties  to  65,473>i95  r.  d.  v.    The  prof- 
its of  tlie  merchants  From  the  whole  A- 
merican  trade  was  >  alued  at  5,000,000 
dollars. 

Spanish  Creek,  is  at  the  head  of  St. 
Mary's  river  in  Florida. 

Spanish  Main,  that  part  of  the  coaft 
of  America,  which  extends  from  the 
Mofquito  i\\Qv<f  abng  tlie  northern 
coaft  of  Daiien,  Carthagena,  and  Vo- 
nezuela^  to  the  Leeward  Ifles. 

Spanish  River^  a  river  and  fettk- 
ment  in  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  and  the 
prtfent  feat  of  government. 

Spanishtown,  or  5/,  Jag^  de  la  Fe- 
ga,'y!\  the  county  of  Micidiel'ex,  is  llw; 
capital  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  is 
(ituated  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Cc^re, 
about  6  miles  from  the  fea,  and  con" 
tains  about  5  or  600  houfes,  and  about 
5,000  inhabitants,  including  free  people 
of  colour.  It  is  the  rclidence  of  tlie 
governor  or  commander  in  chief,  who 
is  accommodated  with  a  magniticcijt 
palace.  Here  the  legiflature  (its,  and 
the  court  of  chancery  and  the  luprenie 
judicial  courts  are  held.  See  Jags  dt 
la  Vega. 

Sparhawk's  Point,  oathe  northern 
(hore  of  Pilcataqua  river,  abieaft  of 
which  ihips  can  anchor  in  9  fathonv^. 

Sparta,  a  poft-town  of  New-Jeifey, 
Sufl'ex  CO.  1 1 7  miles  Ironi  Philadelpiiia. 

Spartanburch,  a  county  of  Pinck- 
ney  diftriift,  foi  mcrly  in  that  of  Nmcty- 
Six,  S.  Carolina,  containing  8,80c  in- 
habitants,  yf  whom  7,907  arc  white's. 


fu 


t, 


H. 


S  f  L 

^fid  866  Oaves.  It  fends  two  reprefent- 

ativcs,  and  one  fenator,  to  the  State 
kgiflature.  The  court-houfe  is  30 
HiUes  from  Pinckney,  .^5  from  Grcen- 
■fiile,  and  746  from  Philadelphia. 

Spear,  Cape,  on  the  E.  fideof  New- 
foxindland  Ifland,  is  about  j  or  4  miles 
S.  E.  by  S.  from  St.  John's.  The  ex- 
treme breadth  of  the  ifland  extends 
from  this  Cape  to  Anguille,  on  the  W. 
lide.    N.  lat.  47  31,  W.  long.  5a  jy. 

Sfeight's-Tx)WN,  on  the  W.  fhore 
of  the  ifland  of  fiurbadoes,  towards  the 
N.  part ;  formerly  much  reforted  to  by 
,  fhips  from  Briflol,  and  from  thence 
called  Little  Briftol ;  but  moft  of  the 
trade  is  now  removed  to  Bridgetown. 
It  is  in  St.  Peter's  parifh,  having  Sandy 
Fort,  and  Margaret's  Fort,  about  a  mile 
8.  and  Haywood's  Fort  on  the  N,  at 
kalf  the  diftance.  N.  lat.  10  9,  W. 
long. 59  ai. 

Spencer,  a  flourifhing  townlhip  in 
WoTcefter  co.  Maflachuletts,  taken 
fitlin  Leicefter,  and  incorporated  in 
1753,  •"''i  contains  i^a*  inl>abitants,  and 
tes  II  miles  foutli- weft  ward  of  Wor- 
cefler,  on  the  poft-road  to  Springfield, 
and  58  S.  W.  of  Boflon. 

Spesutie,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  head 
of  Chefapeak  Bay. 

Shiritu  Santo,  a  town  on  the  S. 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  oppoiite  to 
the  N.  W.  part  of  the  clufler  of  ifles 
and  rocks  called  Jardin  de  la  Reyoa, 
and  about  4j  miles  nortli-weftcrly  of 
La  Trinidad. 

Spiritu  Santo,  or  Tanpay  Bay^ 
called  alfo  Hilllborough  Bay,  lies  on 
the  W.  coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  Faft- 
Florida  ;  has  a  number  of  Ihoals  and 
keys  at  its  mouth,  and  is  9  leagues  N. 
N.  W.  i  W.  of  Charlotte  Harbour,  and 
<6  S.  E.  by  S.  %  E.  of  the  bay  of  Apa- 
Jache.  N.  lat.  a?  36,  W.  long.  ?>z  ^\. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
S.  America.  It  is  (ituated  on  the  fea- 
coaft  in  a  very  fertile  country,  and  has 
a  fmall  caftle  »nd  harbour.  S.  lat.  ao 
10,  W.  long.  4t. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  lake  towards  the 
extremity  of  the  peninfuk  of  E.  Flori- 
da ;  foutnward  from  the  chain  of  lakes 
which  communicate  with  St.  John's 
river. 

Split  Rock,  a  rocky  point  whfch 
projcj^s  into  Lake  Champlain,  on  the 
W.  fide,  about  i;6  miles  N.  of  Skcenfho- 
rough,  bears  this  name.  The  Ijike  is 
natiow,  and  no  where  encecding  two 


.#/^., 


fif  ft 


-V 


miles  from  Skeenfborou^  to  this  rocki 
but  here  it  fuddenly  widens  to  5  or  6 
miles,  and  the  waters  become  pure  and 
clear. 

Spotswood,  a  Cnall  to>m  of  New- 
Jerfey,  MiddleleX  co.  near  the  W.  fide 
of  South  river,  which  empties  into  the 
Rariton  in  a  S.  E.  dire^ion.  The  fit- 
uation  is  good  for  exteniive  manufa^c- 
ries,  and  there  is  already  a  paper-milt 
here.  It  is  on  the  Amboy  ftagc-road,  9 
miles  fouth-eaft  of  Brunfwick,  and  10 
weft  by  foutli  of  Middkton  Point. 

Spotsylvania,  a  county  of  Virgin- 
ia, bounded  north  by  Stafford,  and  eaft 
by  Caroline  county.  It  contains  11, 15  a 
inhabitants,  of  whom  5,933  are  flaves. 
^  SpRiNoriELD,  a  townmip  of  Ver- 
mont, Windfor  co.  on  the  W.  fide  of 
ConneAicut  river,  oppofite  to  Charlef- 
ton,  in  New-Hampfhire.  It  has  Weath- 
ersfield  N.  and  Rockingham  on  the  S. 
and  contains  1,097  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  a  poft-town  of  MafTa- 
chufetts,  Hiunpfliire  co.  on  the  eaft 
fide  ofConnefticut  river;  »o  miles  S, 
by  E.  of  Northampton,  97  weft- 
fouth-weft  of  Boftoji,  a8  north  of  Hart- 
ford, and  350  north-eaft  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  townfhip  of  Springfield  was 
incorporated  in  1635  or  1645.  ^^  '^P^' 
tains  1574  inhabitants  :  a-Congregation- 
al  church,  a  court-houle,  and  a  number 
of  dwelling-houfes,  many  of  which  are 
both  commodious  and  elegant.  The 
town  lies  chiefly  on  one  long  fpaciotis 
^reet,  which  runs  parallel  with  the 
river.  A  flreara  from  the  hills  at  the 
eaftward  of  the  town,  falls  into  this 
flreet,  and  forms  two  branches,  which 
take  their  courfe  in  oppofite  direftions, 
one  of  them  running  northerly  and  the 
other  fbutheily  along  the  eaftern  fide 
of  the  ilrcct,  and  afford  the  inhabitants, 
from  one  end  to  the  other,  an  eafy  fup- 
ply  of  water  for  domclHc  uies.  Here 
a  confiderable  inland  trade  is  carried  on  { 
and  there  is  alfo  a  paper-mill.  The  fii- 
perintendant  and  fome  of  the  principal 
workmen  now  in  the  armoury  here,  were 
originally  manufadurersin  Bridgewater, 
which  is  famous  for  its  iron -works. 

Springfield,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York.,  Otfego  CO.  1 1  miles  N.  of  Otfego, 
and  bcwcen  it  and  the  lake  of  tliat 
name.  It  is  61  miles  W.  of  Albany, 
h,,s  a  gODd  foil,  and  increai^s  in  popu- 
lation. 

Springfield,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Jej  f^  y,  Burlington  co.  of  a  gcodJi)il 

and 

«r4^ . .  .  .^-. 


jugh  to  this  focki 

widens  to  5  or  6 
become  pure  and 

all  to>rn  of  New- 
.  near  the  W.  lide 
I  empties  into  the 
region.    The  fit- 
tcnliTC  manutaftc- 
eady  a  paper-milt 
nboy  ftagc-road,  9 
kunfwick,  and  10 
dieton  Point, 
county  of  Virgin- 
Stafford,  and  eaft 
It  contains  11,15  a 
5,933  are  flaves. 
towiimip  of  Ver- 
3n  the  W.  fide  of 
ppoiite  to  Charlef- 
ire.    It  has  Weath- 
iiingham  on  the  S. 
ihaoitants. 
>oft-town  of  Maffa- 
i  €0.  on   the   eaft 
river ;  ao  mHcs  S. 
mpton,    97    weft- 
I,  2%  north  of  Hart- 
h-eaft  ofPhiladd. 
p  of  Springfield  was 
or  1645-    It  con- 
s:  a-Congregation- 
>ufe,  and  a  number 
many  of  which  are 
uid  elegant.    The 
one  long  Ipaciojis 
parallel  with   the 
)ra  the  hills  at  the 
wn,  falls  into  this 
■0  branches,  which 
oppofite  direftions, 
r  northerly  and  ihc 
ng  the  eaftern  fide 
'ord  the  inhabitants, 
other,  an  eaiy  fup- 
mcftic  ufes.    Here 
trade  is  carried  on  J 
iper-mill.    The  lii- 
me  of  the  principal 
armoury  here,  were 
rersin  Bridgewater, 
ir  its  iron -works, 
townfhip  of  New- 
miles  N.  of  Otfego, 
.  the  lake  of  tliat 
es  W.  of  Albany* 
,  increafcs  in  popu- 

townlhip  of  New- 
co.  of  a  gcodioil 
and 


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SQJJ 

and  famed  for  excellent  cheefe,  fome 
farmen  make  io,oooU)s  in  a  feafon. 
The  inhahitants  are  priitcipally  Quakers, 
who  have  3  meeting-houfes.  The  chief 
place  of  the  townifiip,  where  buiinefs  is 
tranfaAed.is  a  village  called  Job's-town, 
10  miles  from  Burlington,  and  18  from 
Trenton.  In  this  townmip  is  a  hill,  3 
miles  in  length,  called  Mount  Pifgah, 
which  furnifnes  Hone  tor  building.  Here 
is  alfo  a  grammar  fchool. 

Springfield,  a  townfhip  in  Eifex 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  Rahway  river, 
which  furnilhes  fine  mill-feats  ;  8  or  10 
miles  N.  W.  of  Elizabeth-Town.  Turf 
for  firing  is  found  here. 

Springfield,  the  name  of  4  town- 
(hips  of  Pennfylvania,  viz.  in  Buck's, 
Fayette,  Delaware,  and  Montgomery 
counties. 

Spruce  Creeit  urges  iis  winding 
courfe  through  the  marfiies,  from  the 
mouth  of  Pilcatajqua  river,  5  or  6  miles 
iip  into  Kittery,  in  York  co.  Diftrift  of 
Maine. 

SwRwiNG,  a  river  of  the  Diftrift  of 
Maine, which  runs  through  Scarboi  ough, 
to  the  weflward  of  Cape  Elizabe^,  and 
is  navigable  a  few  miles  for  velTels  of 
100  tons. 

SquA^i,  a  lake,  part  of  which  is  in 
the  townfliip  of  Holdernefs,  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-HampHiire ;  but  the  one  half 
of  it  is  in  Strafford  co.  I*-  is  about  5 
miles  long,  and  4  broad. 

SquAM,  a  fhort  river  of  New-IIamp- 
fhire,  the  outlet  of  the  above  lake, 
which  runs  a  fouth-weftern  courfe,  and 
joins  the  PemigewafTet  at  the  town  of 
New-Chefter,  and  10  miles  above  tli*" 
mouth  of  the  Winnepifeogee  branch. 

S(iyAM  Beach,  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
*  New-Jerfey,  between    Barnegat  Inlet 
and  Cranbury  New-Inlet. 

Stii]  AM  Harbour,  on  the  N.  E.  fide 
pf  Cape  Ann,  MafTachufetts.  When  a 
YefTel  at  anchor  off  Newbury-Port  Bar, 
parts  a  cable  and  lofcs  an  anchor  with 
the  wind  at  N.  E.  or  E.  N,  E.  if  Ihe 
can  carry  double-reefed  fails,  flie  may 
run  S.  S.  E.  5  leagues,  which  courfe  if 
made  good,  will  carry  her  a  little  to 
the  eaftw^rd  of  Squam  Bay.  Squam 
{Pidgetn  Hill)  lies  in  lat.  4a  40  N.  and 
long.  70  36. 

Square  Hanokerchiep,  (Mou- 
choir  Quarre)  an  ifland  of  feme  extent 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  which  lies  between 
kt.  41  5  and  zt  34  N.  and  between 
long.  79  29  apd  70  i^9  W. 

."■  •'  ■ '  -  C  C  c 


'      ST  A 

Sopl  AuoHtTA  Creek,  in  New-York, 
a  N.  head  water  of  Alleghany  river. 
Its  mouth  IS  19  miles  N.  W.  of  th« 
Ichua-Tonun. 

STAATBSBUROH.inNew-YorkStaie, 
lies  on  the  calt  fide  of  Hudfon's  river, 
between  Rhynbeck  and  Poughkeepfie  • 
about  31  miles  Ibuth  of  Hudlon,  and 
80  northward  of  New- York  city. 

STAEBROBCK,atown  of  Dutch  Gui- 
ana, in  South-America,  00  the  caft  fide 
of  Demarara  river,  a  mile  and  a  half 
pbove  the  poft  which  commands  its  en- 
trance. It  is  the  feat  of  government 
and  the  depolitory  of  the  records.  The 
ftation  for  the  (hipping  extends  from 
the  fort  to  about  »  miles  above  the 
town.  They  anchui  in  a  line  from  % 
to  4  abreaft. 

Stafford,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north  by  Prince  William  co. 
and  eafl  by  the  Patowmac.  It  contains 
9,588  inhabitants,  including  4,036 
flaves. 

Stafford,  a  townfhip  of  Connec- 
ticut, in  Tolland  co.  on  the  louth  line  of 
MafTachufetts,  ij  or  15  miles  north-ealt 
of  Tolland.  In  this  town  is  a  furnace 
for  calling  hollow  ware,  and  a  medicinal 
fpring,  which  is  the  relbrt  of  valetudi- 
narians. 

Stafford,  Neiu,  atownfliip  of  New- 
Jerfey,  in  Monmouth  co.  and  adjoining 
Dover  on  the  fouth-wefl.  It  confifts 
chiefly  of  pine  barren  land,  and  contains 
88,^  inhabitants. 

Stage  Ijiund,  in  the  Diflri<5l  of  Maine, 
lies  fouth  of  Parker's  and  Arrowfike  ifl- 
ands,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Small  Point, 
Confifting  of  8  acres  not  capable  of  mucli 
improvement ;  and  is  only  remarkable 
for  being  the  firft  land  inhr.bited  in  New- 
England,  by  a  civilized  people.  It  is 
not  now  inhabited. 

Stamford,  a  townfiip  of  Vermont, 
in  Bennington  co.  it  corners  on  Ben- 
nington to  the  fbuth-e;ift,  and  contains 
472  inhabitants,  and  has  good  intervale 
land. 

Stamford, a  poil-town  of  ConnefH* 
cut,  Fairfield  co.  on  a  frnall  ftream  call- 
ed Mill  river,  which  empties  into  Long- 
I/land  Sound.  It  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional and  Epifcopal  church,  and  about 
45  comii;i(ft  dwelling-houfes.  It  is  t<t 
miles  louih-wefl  of  Norwalk  ;  44  fouth- 
wefl  of  New-Haven  ;  44  N.E.  of  New- 
York  ;  and  139  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia. 
The  townfliip  was  formerly  called  Rip' 
pcwawfi  and  was  iettled  in  164T. 

fiTAMfORP^ 


'P 


iV 


ST  A 


8  T  E 


Stamford,  atownihip  of  N.  York, 
ill  Ulftcr  CO.  taken  from  Woodftock, 
and  incorporated  in  :79a.  Of  its  iu- 
kabitamst  117  are  e!e(5lors. 

STANDi»H,atowii(hipof  the  Diftridl 
©f  Maine,  on  the  weft  line  of  Cumhcr- 
Tand  CO.  between  Prefumfcut  and  S.ico 
rivers.  It  was  incorporated  in  17*^3* 
and  contains  716  inhabitants }  18  miles 
N.  W.  of  Portland,  and  163  N.  of  Dof. 
ton. 

Stanford,  a  townfliip  of  New-York, 
Dutchefs  CO.  taken  from  Wafhington, 
and  incorporated  in  1791. 

Stanford,  the  capital  of  Lincoln  co. 
Kentucky;  litv?ated  on  a  fertile  plain, 
about  10  miles  fuuth>fouth-eaft  ui  Dan- 
tille,  40  fouth  by  weft  of  Lexington, 
and  5»  fouth-fouth-eaft  of  Frankfort. 
It  contains  a  ftone  court-houfe,  a  gaol, 
and  about  40  .houTcs. 

Stan  wix,  0/af  For/,  in  the  Statfi  of 
Jfcw-York,  is  fituatcd  in  the  townfliip 
of  Rome,  at  the  head  of  the  navigable 
waters  of  Mohawk  river.  Ivs  founda- 
tion was  la'd  in  1759,  by  Gen.  Broad- 
llreet,  and  built  upon,  by  the  troops  of 
the  United  States,  during  the  late  war. 
The  Britifh  made  an  unfuccefsful  at- 
tempt to  take  it  in  1777. 

Starks,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  fituatod  on  the  W.  fide  of  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  near  Norridgewalk. 

Starksborouoh,  a  townlhip  in 
Addifbn  co.  Vermont,  rz  miles  E.  of 
Fcrrifturg.  It  contains  40  inhabit- 
ants. 

States  I/!etnef,  lies  9  miles  S.  W.of 
the  city  of  New-York,  and  conftitutes 
Richmond  county.  The  ifland  is  about 
18  miles  in  length,  and  at  a  medium  6 
or  7  in  breadth,  and  contains  3,835  in- 
habitants. On  the  S,  fide,  is  a  con- 
fidcrabletrafl;  of  level,  good  land;  but 
the  iftand  in  general,  is  rough  and  the 
hills  high.  Richmond  is  the  only  town 
of  any  note,  and  that  is  an  inconfidera- 
ble  place.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
defcendants  of  the  Dutch  and  French  ; 
and  are  noted  for  their  hofjjitality  to 
ftrangers,  and  love  of  their  native 
fpot. 

-Staten  XaW,  an  iHand  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  S.  America,  .ibout  30  miles 
in  length  and  la  in  breadth.  It  lies  to 
th£  ealtward  of  the  E.  point  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  and  from  which  it  is  feparat- 
cd  by  Strait  le  Mairc.  The  centre  of 
the  i6and  is  in  lat.  about  54  30  S.  and 
kwg.  64  30  W. 


SrATiaBt7Ro,  apod-town  «fS.C;ir. 

olina,  and  the  capital  of  Clermont  co. 
litiiated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Beech  Creek, 
which  unites  with  Shanks  Creek,  and 
eniptif.'s  into  the  Wateree,  a  few  miles 
below  the  town.  It  contains  10  or  iz 
houfes,  a  coiirr.-houfe  and  gaol.  It  is 
JO  miles  S,  by  E.  of  Camden,  100  N. 
by  W.  ofCharlefton,  and  663  S.  W.of 
Pniladelphia. 

Staunton,  apoft-town  of  Virginia, 
and  the  capitiil  of  Augufta  co.  It  is 
(ituatcd  on  the  S.  £.  fide  of  Middle 
river,  a  water  of  Patowmack,  a  little  to 
the  N.  of  Maddifon's  Cave.  It  contains 
about  160  houfes,  moftly  built  of  ftonc, 
a  court-hoafc  and  gaol.  It  is  93  milce 
from  he  Sweet  Springs,  100  miles  S. 
W.by  f .  f  f  Winchefter,  126  W.  N.  W. 
of  Richmond,  and  iij  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Staunton,  a  fmill  river  of  Virginia^ 
which  rifes  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  Blue 
Rid^^e,  and  breaks  through  that  moun- 
tain in  lat.  about  37  8  N.  and  uniting 
witiv  Dan  river  forms  the  Roanoke, 
above  the  Occoneachy  Iflands,  about 
100  miles  frorn  its  fource.  It  is  alfo 
called  Smith's  river. 

STAUshr,  Fort, 'j\i&  above  th«  Falls 
of  Niaj^  :.  .  iid  8  miles  above  Queens- 
Town. 

Steahman's  Crtei  fin  the  State  of 
New-York.  The  main  fork  of  this 
creek  empties  into  Niagara  river,  above 
FortSchloflL-r. 

Steep  Rocks,  a  curious  ledge  of 
perpendicular  fticlly  rocks,  which  form 
the  W.  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  with 
fomc  interruptions^  for  12  or  13  miles 
from  the  Tappan  Sea,  to  within  u 
miles  of  New-York  cityi.  Some  of  thefe 
ledges  are  from  150  to  aoo  feet  high. 
As  you  pafs  down  the  river  from  tne 
Tappan  Sea,  by  thefe  rocks,  the  prof- 
pe»5l  on  every  fide  is  enchanting.  On 
tlie  N.  tlie  Tappan  Sea,  a  fine  broad 
bay  opens  to  view,  fltirted  with  high 
hills  ;  on  the  S.  the  river  lies  under  the 
eye  as  far  as  it  diftinguilhes  objects ; 
on  the  W,  are  the  Steep  Rocks,  before 
defcribcd  ;  and  on  the  £.  a  fine  culti* 
vated  country. 

Stephens,  a  cape,  S.  W.  of  Cape 
Denbigh,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North- 
America,  and  is  at  the  S.  £.  part  of 
Norton  Sound.  Stuart's  Ifiand  is  oppo- 
fite  to  it.  N.  lat.  63  31,  W.  long.  i6» 
19.  Between  this  and  Shoal  Nefs  is 
I  /lioal  water. 


iTSrUSKSy 


8  T  E 

8TerHiNi,a  (hort  river  of  Vermont, 
^hich  emptius  into  Cunnc<^ticut  river, 
from  the  N.  W.  in  the  town  of  Bar- 
net. 

8tbphens,5/.  a  patidi  of  Charlcfton 
dltt  i(?t,  S.  Carolina  ;  containin^j  a,7jj 
inhabitants,  of  whuni  336  arc  whiles. 

bTERLiNC,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diftridt  of  Maine ;  N.  W.  of  Hal- 
loweil,  K.vd  at  no  great  diltaiicc.  It 
contains  166  inhabitants. 

Sterling,  in  Worcefter  co.  Mada- 
chufetts,  was  formerly  a  parilh  of  Lan- 
caiUr,  called  Cl}oeli/et,  incorporated  in 
1781 ;  fituatcd  ix  miles  N.  £.  of  Wor- 
cefter, and  46  W.  of  Bolton,  and  con- 
tains 1,418  inhabitants.  Near  the  neck 
of  land  which  divides  Waulhacum 
Ponds,  on  the  S.  fide,  was  formerly  an 
Indian  tort,  of  which  the  veltiges  are 
nearly  difappeared.  On  this  fpot  was 
the  palace  and  royal  feat  of  Sholan,  lit- 
chem  of  the  Namaways,  proprietor  uf 
Kalhawogg. 

SxEUBtN,  afmall  fort  in  the  N.W. 
Territory,  fituated  at  the  Rapids  of  the 
Ohio,  a  Oiort  diftance  above  Clarkl- 
ville. 

Steuben,  a  new  county  of  New- 
York,  taken  from  that  of  Ontario  ;  be- 
ing that  part  of  Ontario  county,  bound- 
ed by  the  Pcnnfylvania  line  on  the  S. 
by  the  N.  bounds  of  the  fix  range  of 
townfliips  on  the  N.  by  the  pre-emption 
line  on  the  £.  and  by  the  Indian  line 
on  the  weft. 

St  BU  BE  N,  a  townfliiip  of  New- York, 
in  Herkemer  county  ;  taken  from 
Whiteftown,  and  incorporated  in  1791. 
In  1796,  the  towns  of  iMoyJ  and  Rome 
were  taken  ofFof  thistovnllnp.  Of  its 
inhabitants  417  rire  elciftors.  The  N. 
weftern  branch  of  Mohawk  river  rifcs 
here  ;  and  the  centre  of  the  town  is 
about  II  mBes  N.  E.  of  Fort  Schuyler, 
and  32  N.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  Canada 
Creek. 

Stevens,  a  fhort  navigdile  river  of 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine.  It  riies  within  a 
mile  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  with  which 
it  is  eonneited  by  a  canal  lately  opened. 
See  Gi'orgetoiun. 

BrtvENSBURG,  a  poft-town  ofVir- 

§inia,  fituated  on  the  road  from  Pliila- 
elphia  to  Staunton.  It  contains  about 
60  houfes  ;  the  inhabitants  are  moltly 
of  Dutch  exiraflion.  It  is  10  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Strafburg,  87  N.  K.  by  N.  of 
Staunton,  45  S.  W.  by  S.  of  WiUiamf- 
port,  and  loo  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 


S  T  O 

Stbvemtown,  Well-Chcftcr  cft. 
New-York  is  bounded  wcllerly  by 
York-Town,  and  northerly  by  Dutchels 
CO.  It  contains  x,i(;7  inhabitants,  of 
wiiom  t]i  are  electors. 

St  R  p  II F  N  r  "  w  N ,  a  tow;i  (hip  of  good 
land  in  New- York,  in  KenlUlier  co. 
between  Lebanon  and  Scoodack.  It  is 
about  14  miles  fquare,  and  lies  20  miles 
li.  of  Albany.  Of  its  inhalMtants  614 
are  eleiftois.  The  timber  on  the  low 
land  is  pine,  hemlock,  beech,  birch,  a(h, 
maple.  On  the  hills,  pmu,  hemlock, 
black  and  white  oak,  walnut  ..nd  pop* 
lar. 

Stewart's  Jjands,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  a  clufter  of  5  ilbnds 
difcovercd  by  Capt.  Hunter,  in  1791; 
and  fo  named  in  honour  of  Admiral 
Keith  Stewart.  S.  lat.  8  a  6,  W.  long. 
16:5  18. 

Srev  Point,  on  the  Labrador  coaft, 
and  N.  Atlantic  Ocean.  N.  lat.  58,  W. 
long.  61  40. 

Still  W at rr,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  Albany  co.  bounded  eafterly  by 
Cambridge,  and  foutherlc  by  bchachtc- 
koke  and  Anthony's  Kill.  It  contains 
3,071  inhabitants;  of  whom  459  are 
elet^ors,  and  61  flaves.  The  village  of 
Still'water,  in  this  townfhip,  is  fituated 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Hudfon's  river ;  14 
miles  from  Cohoez  Bridge,  12  from 
Saratoga,  is  N.  of  Albany,  and  i* 
from  Ballftown  Springs.  A  canal  is 
begun  at  this  place  to  lead  the  water  of 
the  Hudfon  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, 14  miles  below. 

Stinking  IJanJs,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Newfoundland  liland.  N.  lat.  49 
a8,  weft  long,  ja  50. 

Stissik  Mountain,  lies  t)etwcen  the 
State  of  Connedticut  and  Hudfon's  riv- 
er,  and  near  it  the  Mahikandcr  Indians 
formerly  refided. 

Stockbridge,  a  townfhip  in  Wind- 
for  CO.  Vermont,  on  White  river,  and 
contains  100  inhabitants. 

Stockbridge,  a  pofl-town  of  Mat 
fachufeits,  Berkft-ire  co.  44  miles  W, 
by  N.  of  Spriogfield,  141  weft  of  Bof- 
ton,  249  north-caft  of  Philadelfhia>and 
45  miles  eaR-by-fouth  of  Kinderhook, 
in  New-York.  The  townfhip  is  the 
chief  of  the  county  ;  was  incorporated 
in  1739,  and  contains  1,33-6  inhabit- 
ants. 

Stockbridge,  Nenu,  a  tracS  of  land 
6  miles  fquare,  lying  in  the  fouth-eaft 
part  of  the  Onfeida  Refervation,  in  the 

State 


■  4'  ■■:  T  .  ■ 


C  T  O 

State  of  New-York,  inhabited  by  the  In- 
dians, 300  in  numba-,  who,  feme  years 
fince,  removed  from  Stockbridge,  MaiFa- 
chufetts,  and  from  this  circumTlance  are 
called  die  Stockbndgeh'dians.  This  trad 
was  given  to  thde  Indians  by  the  One- 
idas,  as  an  inducement  to  them  to  fettle 
in  their  neighbourhood  ;  and  is  7  miles 
fouth-eaft  of  Kalinonwolohale,  tlie  prin- 
cipal village  of  the  Oneidas.  Ihefe 
Indians  are  under  u:e  paftoral  care  of 
a  niiflionary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjeant, 
whofe  piou''  labours  have  been  attended 
witli  confjderable  fuccefs.  They  are 
generally  induftrious,  efpecially  the  wo- 
men, and  employ  tliemlelves  in  agri- 
culture, and  breeaing  of  catde  andfwme. 
Their  farms  are  generally  inclofed  with 
pretty  good  fences,  and  under  tolerable 
cultivation.  In  the  fall  of  1796,  almod: 
tvery  family  fowed  wheat ;  and  there 
was  a  fingle  iniiance  this  year,  of  one 
of  the  Indian  women,  named  Ejlher, 
who  wove  16  yards  of  woollen  cloth; 
who  is  here  mentioned  as  an  example 
of  induftry,  and  as  having  led  the  way 
to  improvements  of  this  kind.  There 
is  little  doubt  but  her  example  will  be 
followed  by  others.  Their  dividend  of 
monies  from  the  United  States,  amount- 
ing to  about  JOG  dollars,  has  hitherto 
been  expanded  in  ereding  a  faw-miil, 
and  fupporting  an  EngliOi  Ichool. 

Stock  Cnek,  a  branch  of  Pelefon 
river.    See  fVaJhington  County,  Virginia. 

Stockport,  a  village  in  Northamp- 
ton CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  weft  tide 
of  the  Popaxtunk  branch  of  Delaware 
liver.  From  this  place  is  a  portage  of 
about  18  miles  to  Harmony,  on  the  eaft 
branch  of  the  river  Sufquehannali. 

STODDARD,atownfliipofNew-Hanip- 
(liire,  ChePnire  co.  about  15  or  18  rniles 
calk  of  Walpole  on  ConneiSticut  river. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  con- 
tains 701  inhabitants. 

Stodhart  Bay,  near  the  north-weft 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the 
taft  of  Sandy  Bay,  and  between  it  and 
Lucea  harbour, 

StOkes,  a  county  of  Salift)ury  dif- 
tr'iiX,  North-Caroiina  ;  bounded  eaft  by 
Rockingham,  and  weft  by  Surry,  and 
contains  8,528  inhabitants,  including 
787  flaves.  Iron  ore  is  found  here  in 
confiderable  quantities,  and  works  have 
been  ercdted  on  Iron  Creek,  which  man. 
yfadure  confiderable  quantities.  Chief 
tovyn,  Germaotown. 

Store?,  the  chief  town  of  Montgom- 


S  T  O 

ery  co.  N.  Carolina,  near  Yadkin  rirer. 
It  domains  a  court-boufe,  gaol,  and  a- 
bout  ao  houfes. 

Stone  Arabia^  a  village  and  fine 
tradt  of  country  fo  called,  in  Montgom- 
ery  co.  New-York,  on  the  north  fide 
of  Mohawk  river,  between  50  and  60 
miles  weftward  of  Albany.  This  fet- 
tlement  was  begun  by  the  Germans  in 
\  709.  The  land  from  the  river  rifes  on 
a  beautiful  and  jgradual  afcent  for  4 
miles,  and  the  principal  fettlement  is  on 
a  wide  Ipreading  hill,  at  that  diftance 
from  the  river.  The  foil  is  excellent, 
and  the  people  induftrious  and  tliriving. 
It  fuft'ered  much  from  the  Indians  m 
the  late  war.  peculiarly  in  1780. 

Stoneham,  a  townfhip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1745,  and  contains  381 
inhabitants.  It  is  about  10  miles  north 
of  Bofton. 

Stone  Indians,  inhabit  fouth  of  Fire 
Fort,  on  Aflenebayne  river,  N.  Amer- 
ica. 

Stone  Mountain,  between  the  States 
of  Tenneffee  and  Virginia.  The  Vir- 
ginia line  interfefts  it  in  lat.  36  30  N. 
from  thence  totlie  place  where  Watauga 
river  breaks  through  it.    See  Tennejee. 

Stone  IJland,  on  the  eaft  coaftof 
Newfoundland,  is  near  Cape  Broyle, 
and  is  one  of  the  3  iflands  which  lie  off 
Caplin  Bay. 

b T o  fi  F  s,  is  a  boatable  water  of  Ten- 
neflee,  which  runs  north-wefterly  into 
Cumberland  river,  6  miles  norUi-eaft 
of  Nalhville. 

Stones  Fort  Gut,  on  the  IbuA-weft 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's ; 
eaitward  of  Old  Road  Bay,  and  between 
that  and  Bloody  Point.  There  is  a  fort 
on  a  point  of  land,  on  the  weft  fide. 

Stoney  Hill,  in  Baltimore  co.  Ma^- 
ryland,  is  5  ,yr  6  miles  north-wefterly  of 
Whetftone  Fort,  at  the  mouth  of  Balti- 
more  harbour,  and  z  miles  fouth-eaft  of 
Hooks-Town. 

bTONEY  PaiHt,  in  Orange  co.  New. 
York,  a  fmall  peninfula,  projet^ling  in  4 
confiderable  bluff  from  the  weft  bank  of 
Hudfon's  river  into  Haverflraw  bay ; 
about  40  miles  north  of  New-York  city, 
juft  at  the  fouthern  entrance  of  the  high 
lands.  In  the  capture  of  this  fortrels, 
the  brave  Gen.  Wayne  diitinguifhed 
himfelf. 

SiONEV  Mountains,  in  the  north, 
weft  part  of  N.  America,  extend  from 
the  louOiWard  to  tlie  northward,  and 

ia 


S  T  O 

ina  north-weflern  diredjon,  from  hi.  48 
to  68  north.  The  northern  part  of 
this  range  is  called  the  Mountains  of 
Bright  Stones. 

bTONEY  River,  called  by  tlje  French 
BayetiA  Pierre,  empties  into  the  Miffi- 
fippi  4  miles  from  Petit  Goufre,  and  10 
from  Louifa  Chitto.  From  the  mouth 
of  what  is  caUed  the  fork  of  this  river, 
h  computed  to  be  ai  miles.  In  this  dif- 
tance  there  are  feveral  quarries  of  Hone, 
and  the  land  has  a  clayey  foil,  with 
gravel  on  the  furface  of  the  ground. 
On  the  north  fide  of  this  river  the  land, 
in  geneial,  is  low  and  rich ;  that  on  the 
fouth  fide  is  much  higher,  but  broken 
into  hills  and  vales ;  but  here  the  law 
lands  are  not  often  oversowed :  both 
fides  are  ihaded  with  a  variety  uf  uJ^fui 
timber. 

Stonincton,  a  poft-town  and  port 
in  New-London  co.  Connecticut;  14 
miles  call  by  louth  of  New-London  city, 
and  aji  N.  £.  of  Philadelphia.  Th.e 
harbour  fets  up  from  the  Sound,  oppo- 
fite  to  Fifher's  Ifland.  The  town  is  lep- 
aratedfrom  Rhude-lOand  by  theE.hnc 
of  the  State;  and  was  fettled  in  1658. 
Here  are  6  places  of  public  woriJnp; 
and  the  number  of  iniiabitants,  in  1790, 
was  5,648. 

Stono  Inlet,  on  the  eoaft  of  South- 
Carolina,  is  to  the  fouthward  of  the 
channel  of  Charlelton,  at  the  N.£.  cor- 
ner of  John's  Blind,  which  is  bounded 
by  Stono  river  on  dae  weilward.  It  is 
6  miles  from  the  S.  channel  of  Charlef- 
ton,  and  from  this  inlet  to  that  of  North 
Edifto,  the  courfe  is  fouth-weft  by  weft 
^  weft,  diftant  11  miles. 

Storm  Cape,  in  tlie  ftraits  of  North- 
umberland, is  the  northern  hmit  of  the 
mouth  of  Bay  Verte,  and  forms  the  fouth- 
eaft  corner  of  the  province  of  New- 
Bruniwick. 

Stouenuck,  a  townftup  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  New-J  erfey. 

Stoughton,  called  by  die  Indians, 
Pakemitt,  or  Pofitipog,  or  Punkapaog, 
(that  is  taken  from  ajpring  that  arifcth 
out  <fred  earth)  a  townfhip  in  Nori'olk 
CO.  Mafl'achufetts, incorporated  in  1726. 
It  is  bounded  E.  by  Braintree,  W.  by 
Sharon,  and  is  15  nulcs  foutliwardly  ot 
Bofton.  It  contains  i6,coo  acres  of 
land,  and  1,994  inhabitants.  Iron  ore 
is  iuund  here  ot  an  excellent  quality, 
and  there  is  a  rolling  and  flitting  mill, 
which  maniifa<^ture  conljderable  quan- 
tities uf  fted  and  iroQ.    Of  eat  quauu- 


S  T  R 

ties  of  charcoal,  balkets  and  broohs,  are 
fent  from  thence  to  Boilon.  Early  la 
the  war  a  large  quantity  ot  gun-powder, 
of  an  excellent  quality,  was  made  ia 
this  town,  for  the  Amcncan  army,trom 
falt-petre,  the  produce  of  the  towns  ia 
its  vicinity. 

bxow,  a  townfliip  of  Mafiachu'ctis, 
Middlefex  co.  incorporated  in  1683, 
and  contiiins  801  inhabitants,  and  is  aj 
miles  N.  W.  of  Bolton. 

Stow,  a  townfiiip  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden  co.  about  aj  or  30  miles  eaft  of 
Burlington. 

Straban  e,  two  townfliips  of  Penn- 
fylyania  ;  the  one  in  York  co.  tlic  oth- 
er in  that  of  Walhington. 

Strafford,  a  townfhip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  well  of  Thetford,  adjom- 
ing,  having  845  inhabitants. 

Strafford,  a  county  of  New-Hamp- 
fhirt,  bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  Graf- 
ton J  S.  E.  by  Rockingham,  and  eaft  by 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine.  It  contains  95 
tcwnlhips,  almoft  wholly  agricultural, 
and  has  no  fea-port.  The  branches  of 
the  Pifcataqua  and  Merritnack,  and  oth- 
er ftreams  water  this  county ;  beiides 
the  lakes  Winnipiieogce  anJd  Ollipee. 
It  coutiiins  13,601  inhabitants,  of  whom 
22  are  ilaves.  Chief  towns,  Pover  and 
Durham. 

S  t  R  A I T  s  c/"  Becring,  or  Bhering,  fep- 
arate  the  N.  W.  part  ot  N.  Ameri  ca  from 
the  N.  E.  coaft  oi  Afia.  Beering's  1(1- 
and  lies  in  lat.  55  N.  and  long.  164  35  F. 

Strasbi;rg,  a  poll-town  of  Virgu-- 
ia,  Shenandoah  co.  on  the  north-weft 
branch  of  the  nortlifork  of  Shenandoah 
river,  and  contains  a  liatidfome  German 
Lutheran  church,  and  about  60  or  70 
houfes.  It  is  77  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Staunton,  18  ibuth-lbuth-weft  of  Win- 
chefter,  and  aio  Ibuih-weft  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Strasburg,  a  town  of  Lancafter  CO. 
Pennfylvania ;  (ituated  on  an  eminence, 
and  in  the  centre  of  a  fertile  and  well 
cultivated  country,  and  contains  about 
60  houfes,  feveriU  oi  which  are  built  of 
brick.  It  is  about  7  miles  weft  irom 
Straiburg  Gap,  where  the  road  leads 
through  the  mountains,  8  miles  eaft  of 
Lancafter,  and  j8  weit  ot  Philadelphir, 

Strasburg,  a  lettlement  in  Kentuc* 
ky,  near  the  Bullit  Lick. 

Stratford',  a  townthip  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hainpihire ;  lituated  on  the 
eaft  bank  of  Connc(iticut  river,  between 
Coskburn  tuwcihi^IN.  and  Northuro** 

bcilau«l 


if'!' ' 


\        ! 


:  'iM' 


hm^r       V 


1'  ?" 


':»,! 


"T^ 


S  T  U 

berland  on  the  mouth  of  the  Upper  A- 
inonooluck  on  the  fouih.  Ji  was  incor- 
porated in  1773,  and  contains  146  in- 
habitants. It  is  58  miles  above  Hano- 
ver. 

iyrRATFORD,  a  pjeaiant  poft-town  of 
Connedicut,  in  Fairfield  co.  on  the  W. 
lide  of  Stratiord  iiver,  which  coinains 
a  places  for  pubhc  worihip,  and  icver- 
al  neat  and  commodious  houfcs.  it,  i:j 
14  miles  fouth-welt  ol  New-Haven,  20 
K.  £.  ofNorwalk,  and  169  N.  E.  of 
Philadelphia.  1  he  townlhip  of  Strat- 
iurd,  the  Cupheag  of  the  Indians,  was 
Icttled  in  1638,  principally  from  Maffa- 
ehufetts. 

Stratford  Rhvr.    See  Houfutonic. 

bTKATHAM  or  Streatham,  a  town- 
il\ip  of  New-Hampftiirc  ;  fituated  in 
Kockingham  county.  Incorporated  in 
1693,  and  contains  882  inhabitants.  It 
lies  on  the  road  from  Portfmouth  to 
£xetcr;  10  miles  well:  of  die  former, 
and  4  eart  of  the  latter. 

Stratton,  atownlhip  of  Vermont, 
Windham  co.  about  15  miles  N.  E.  of 
Bennington,  having  95  inhabitants. 

Strawberry  Gap,  a  pafs  in  the 
mountains  on  the  road  from  Philadelphia 
to  Lancafter ;  4a  miles  weft  of  the  for- 
mer, and  16  ibuth-eaft  of  the  latter. 

Strawberry  Rher,  falls  into  Lake 
Ontario ;  and  is  thus  named  from  the 
gi-.at  quantity  of  large  fniit  of  that 
ua.iic  growing  on  its  banks. 

^tkouds,  a  ftage  on  the  new  road 
fron.  Lexington  in  Kentucky,  to  Vir- 
g'.i.)::.    It  is  17  miles  N.  E.  of  Lexing- 
tc:.,  ;,nd  9  from  Ilolden. 
■     trhOUDWATER.     SttCafcoBay. 

Stuart's  JJIandt  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  is  about  6  or  7 
leagues  in  circuit,  about  1 7  leagues  from 
Cape  Denbigh  on  the  continent.  N. 
lat.  63  35. 

Si  u art  Town,  in  Grafton  co, 
New-Hamp/hire,  is  (ituated  on  the  eaft- 
ern  bank  of  Conne<'licut  river,  between 
Colebrook  on  tlfc  fouth,  and  a  traft  of 
a,ooo  acres  on  the  north,  belonging  to 
Dartmouth  college. 

Stumstown,  afmall  town  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  Dauphin  co.  on  a  branch  of 
Little  Swatara.  It  contains  about  ao 
houfes,  and  a  German  Lutheran  and 
flalvinift  church  united.  It  is  24  miles 
E.  N.  E.  of  Harrifburg,  and  89  N.  W. 
by  VV.  of  Philadelphia. 

STiiRBRiDGF,  a  town/hip  in  the  S. 
Vf.  corner  of  Wcrctfler  co.  Maflkchu- 


S  U  D 

fetts,  containing  28,919  acres,  divided 
from  Woodftock  and  Union  on  the 
fouth,  in  Connerticut  by  the  State  line, 
and  on  the  north  by  Brookficld.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1738,  and  contains 
1 704  inhabitants.  The  butter  and  cheefc 
made  here  have  obtained  high  credit  in 
the  mi.rkets.  It  is  70  miles  fouth-weft 
by  weft  of  Bofton,  and  ix  fouth-well  of 
Worccfter. 

Sturgkon  Creek.     See  Kittery. 

Styx,  a  fmall  branch  of  Patowmac 
river,  where  it  is  called  Col)ongoronto. 
It  rifts  in  the  Lanrel  Thickets,  in  the 
Alleghany  Mountains ;  runs  north,  and 
empties  o'ppofite  to  Laurel  Creek. 

Succi- ss,  a  bay,  flifo  called  GoodSuC' 
cefsy  on  Terra  del  Fuego,  or  the  weft» 
ero  lliore  of  Strait  le  Maire.  S.  lat.  54 
iC  W.  long.  65  2.?.  Cape  Succefs,  on 
the  point  of  this  bay,  lies  in  lat.  J5  i  S. 
and  long.  65  27  W. 

Success,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  in  Grafton  co.  N.  E.  of  die  White 
Mountains  on  the  caft  line  of  the  State, 
incorporated  in  1773. 

Suck  Creek  empties  into  TennefTee 
river  from  the  fouth-fouth-eaft,  at  the 
Suck,  or  H'hirU  where  the  river  is  con- 
traded  to  the  breadth  of  70  yards.  It 
is  a  few  miles  north  from  the  Georgia 
north  line.  Sec  Tmuejfet,  and  ShaUo<v) 
Ford. 

Suckling  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  part 
of  N.  America  ;  off  which,  and  to  the 
N.  E.  end  of  Kaye's  Ifland,  is  a  muddy 
bottom  with  from  43  to  27  fathoms  wa- 
ter. The  fouth-weft  point  of  Kaye's 
Ifland  is  in  lat.  59  49  N.  and  long.  143 
a  W. 

SuuBURY,  a  county  of  New-Brunf- 
wick,  on  the  W.  fide  of  St.  John's  river, 
towards  its  mouth. 

SuDBuRV,a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
in  Rutland  co.  having  Orwell  on  the 
weft.    It  contains  258  inhabitants. 

Sudbury,  f'dv?,  a  townftjip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Mid(ilefex  co.  on  the  poft- 
road  19  miles  weft  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1780,  and  contains  801 
inhabitants. 

Sudbury,  IVeJf,  or  Sudbury,  a  town- 
fhip weft  of  Eaft-Sudbury,  and  25  miles 
weft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1639,  and  contains  1,290  inhabit- 
ants. 

Sudbury  Canada,  in  York  co.  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  is  (ituated  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  Androfcnggin  river,  and  fouth- 
ward  of  Andovcr.    In  1796,  it  was  c- 

reaed 


3  U  F 

re^d  into  a  townfhip  called  Bethel, 
and  has  two  parifhes. 

Sue,  Lay  a  powerful  nation  of  Indians 
inhabiting  wellward  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  the  MiiClippi.  Warriors  10,000. 
SuER,  Fort  U,  in  Louidana,  is  on  the 
weftern  bank  of  the  MifTilippi,  and  eaft.7 
eily  of  Fort  L'Haillier,  -a  St.  Peter's 
river. 

SuFFiF.i.D,  a  pleafant  port-town  of 
Connedicut,  Hartford  county,  having  a 
haudfome  church  and  fome  rcfpedable 
dwelling-houfes.  It  is  on  tlie  weft 
bajik  of  Connedicut  river  on  the  great 
poft-road  from  Bofton  to  New-York, 
10  miles  fouth  of  Springfidd,  17  N.  of 
Hartford,  and  13?  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia. 
This  townfliip  was  purchafcd  of  two 
Indian  fachems  forXiso,  and  in  167c, 
was  granted  to  M;ij  .^r  John  Pyncheon, 
by  the  afl'embly  of  MalTichufcits. 

Suffolk,  a  county  of  Maflachufctts, 
fo  naiped  from  that  in  England,  in 
which  governor  VVinthrop  livuJ,  before 
he  emigrated  to  America.  It  contained 
in  1790,  23  townfhips,  6,335  houfes, 
1^,038  families,  44,875  inhabitants.  In 
1793,  the  county  was  divided  ;  and 
now  the  new  county,  Norfolk,  compre- 
hends all  the  towns  except  Bolton, 
Chclfea,  Hull,  and  Hingham.  Suffolk 
was  conilitiited  a  county.  May  10, 
1643.    Sse  Maffachufctts  and  Jiojron. 

}?uFFOLK,aco.  of  N.York,L.  Kland, 
is  about  too  miles  long,  and  10  broad,  & 
comprehends  all  that  part  of  the  State 
bounded  eaftcrly  aod  ibutlierly  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  northei-ly  by  the  Sound, 
and  wefterly  by  Lloyd's  Neck,  or 
Queen's  Village,  Cold  Spring  harbour, 
and  the  call  bounds  of  the  townfliip  of 
Oyfter  Bay  ;  the  line  continued  fouth 
to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  including  the 
Ifle  of  Wight,  now  culled  Gardner's 
liland.  Shelter  Ifland,  Plumb  Illands, 
Robin's  Ifland,  and  the  Gull  lilands. 
Fiihcr's  Ifland  alfo  belongs  to  it.  It 
contains  16,440  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1,098  are  flaves.  There  are  9  town- 
flii[>s,  and  3,609  of  the  inhabitants  are 
eleftorsi  Suffolk  county  court-houfe, 
is  15  miles  from  Southampton,  a;  from 
Sagg  Harbour,  and  80  from  New-York 
city. 

Suffolk,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia, 
in  Nanfemcnd  co.  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  river  Nanfemond.  It  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  about  40  houfes. 
The  river  is  thus  far  navigable  for  vef- 
lels  of  ajo  tons.    It  ij  23  miles   well 


S  U  L 

by  fouth  of  PortCnouth,  8^  E.  S.  E.  of 

Peterlburg,  no  fouth-eaft  ot  Richmond, 
ajjd  386  from  Philadelphia. 

S  u  F  F  R  A  G  t ,  a  townihip  of  N.  York, 
fituated  in  Otfcgo  co.  on  the  north  (ide 
of  Sufquchannah  river  ;  taken  from  U- 
nadilla,  and  incorporated  in  1796. 

Sugar  CrcckyOX  Ccefar's  Creek,  a  con- 
fiderable  branch  of  Little  Miami  livcr. 
SutJAR  Hill,  a  ragf^ed  eminence  the 
top  of  which  overlooks  and  commands 
the  whole  works  of  Ticonderoga,  where 
the  waters  of  Lake  George  empty  into 
Lake  Champlain,  and  oppodte  to  Fort 
Independence,  in  the  State  of  Vermont- 
Gen.  Burgoyne  made  a  lodgement  on 
this  hill,  whicb  the  Americans  cfteem- 
ed  inacceffrble  ;  and  thus  forced  Gen. 
St.  Clair  to  abandon  the  foi  t  in  June, 
1777- 

Sugar  Kivery  In  Chefliire  co.  New- 
HMiipfliire,  rifes  in  Sunapee  lake,  and, 
alter  a  fhort  courfe  weitcrly,  empties 
into  Connediciit  river,  at  Clermont,  and 
oppolite  to  Aflicutney  mountain  in  Ver- 
mont. There  is  a  ftrong  expedation 
of  uniting  this  river,  by  a  fhort  canal, 
with  Coritocook,  which  falls  into  Mer- 
rimack river  at  Bofcawen. 

SuGAR-LoAF  Bay,  on  the  north-eaft 

fide  of  Juan    Fernandes  Ifland ;    100 

leagues  to  tlie  weft  of  the  coaft  of  Chili- 

Sugar,  a  river  of  Veragua,  which 

empties  into  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Sullivan,  a  townfliip  of  Chefliire 
CO.  New-IJampfliire,  containing  ijo  in- 
habitants. 

Sullivan,  a  pofl-town  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  Hancock  co.  and  on 
Frenchman's  Bay,  14  miles  north-wtlt 
of  Goldfljorough,  38  W.  S.  W.  of  Pe- 
nobfeot,  310  north-eafl  of  Boflon,  and 
645  nofth-eaft  of  Philadelphia.  The 
townfhip  contains  504  inhabitants.  See 
Waukeague. 

Sullivan,  a covrnty  of  Tenneflee,ir» 
Wafliington  diltrit!t.  In  179.5,  it  con- 
tained according  to  the  State  cenfus, 
8,457  inhabitants,  of  whom  777  were 
flaves. 

Sullivan's  Ijlandy  one  of  the  three 
iflands  which  form  the  north  purt  of 
Charlefton  harboiar,  in  S.  Carolina.    It 
is  about  7  miles  fouth  call  of  Charlef- 
ton. 

SuLl'HUR  Crtcky  Littky  one  of  the 
fouthern  uppe:  branches  of  Green  river 
in  Kentucky  ;  and  lies  fouth-weft  of  an- 
other branch  called  Bryant's  Lickcreek. 
Ne;ir  tliis  is  a  fulphur  fpring. 

SULPHUK. 


f^l 


■K#- 


»'^ 

:- 

m-. 

'E 

f 

I  HI 


.1     I 


J! 


SUN 


SoLPHUR  Ijlandi.  See  Margaret's 
tjles 

SuLiFHUR  Mountain^  a  noted  moutv 
tain  in  the  ifland  of  Guadai<)itf>e,  fanious 
for  exhalationa  of  fulphup,  and  eruptions 
of  aihes.  On  ih«  E.  fide  are  a  mouths 
of  an  enormous  liilphur  pit  j  one  of  thefe 
mouths  is  loo  feet  in  diameter;  the 
depth  is  unknown. 

SuManystown,  a  village  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  in  Montgomery  co.  fituated  on 
theE  Jide  of  Great  Swamp  creek,  which 
empties  into  the  Schuylkill  above  Nor- 
ijton.  It  is  33  miles  N.  W.  by  N.  of 
Philadelphia. 

SuMVER,  a  county  of  Tenneflee,  in 
Mero  diftrid.  According  to  the  State 
c.enfus  of  1 795,  it  contained  6,370  in- 
habitants, of  whom  1,076  \vi«:re  (laves. 

SuNAPEG,  a  lake  and  mountain  in 
Chclhire  co.  New.Hamplhire.  The 
lake  is  about  8  or  9  miles  long,  and  3 
broad,  and  fends  its  waters  through  Su- 
gar river  welt,  14  miles  to  Connedicut 
liver.  The  mounuin  ftands  at  the  fouth 
end  of  the  lake. 

StrsBURY,  a  county  of  the  Britifh 
province  of  New-Brunlwick.  It  is  fit- 
uated on  tlie  river  St.  John,  at  the  head 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  ;  and  contains  8 
townlhips,  viz.  Conway,  Gage-Town, 
Burton,  Sunbury,  St.  Annes,  Wilmot, 
Newton,  and  Maugervilie.  The  3  laft 
of  thefe  were  fettled  from  MafTachufetts, 
Conne<5ticut,  &c.  The  lands  are  gene- 
rally pretty  level,  and  tolerably  fertile, 
abounding  with  variety  of  timber. 

SuMBURV,  the  chief  town  of  North- 
umberland CO.  Pennfylvania ;  fituated 
near  where  Fort  Augufta  was  erected, 
on  the  E.  fide  of  Suf'quehannah  river, 
jail  below  the  jimdion  of  tlie  E.  and  W. 
branches  of  that  river,  in  lat.  about  40 
5»  N.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tains a  court-houfe,  brick  gaol,  a  Pref- 
byterian  and  German  Lutheran  church, 
and  aboot  100  dwelling-houfes.  Here 
the  river  is  about  half  a  mile  broad,  and 
at  the  ferry  oppofite  Northumberland, 
about  a  mile  higher,  is  .^ths  of  a  mile. 
It  is  about  76  miles  above  Reading,  and 
lao  N.  W.  of  Phihidelphia. 

S  u  N  B  t;  R  r ,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  of  Georgi',1,  be.iuiifully  fituated  in 
Liberty  co.  at  the  head  of  St.  Catherine's 
Sound,  on  the  main.  bi't,vi;en  Medway 
and  Newport  rivers,  about  15  miles  S. 
of  Great  Ogceche  river.  I'he  town 
and  havlxnir  are  defended  from  the  fury 
of  the  k-Jk  by  the  N.  and  S.  points  of  St. 


SUP 

Helena  and  St.  Catherine's  IllanJs  ;  be- 
tween is  the  bar  and  entra  ice  into  ilic 
found :  the  harbour  is  rj.pacious  and 
fafe,  and  has  water  enough  for  fhips  of 
great  burden.  It  is  a  Wry  pleafant 
healthy  town,  and  is  the  retort  of  the 
planters  from  the  adjacent  country,  dur- 
mg  the  fickly  months.  It  was  burnt 
during  the  late  warj  but  has  fince  been 
rebuilt.  An  academy  was  eflablifhed 
here  in  17 88,  which  has  been  under  an 
able  inftruflor,  and  pro^Ted  a  very  ufeful 
inftitution.  It  is  40  miles  S.  of  Savan- 
nah, and  974  from  Philadelphia. 

SuNcooK.a fmall  plantation  in  York 
CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  which  with  Brom- 
field  contains  350  inhabitants. 

Sunderland,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, Bennington  co.  16  ntiles  N.  E. 
of  Bennington,  and  contains  414  inhab- 
itants. A  lead  mine  has  been  lately 
uifcovcred  in  this  townfljip. 

Sunderland,  a  townfhip  of  Mafl'a- 
chufctts,  fituated  in  Harapfhire  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Connedicut  river,  about 
JO  miles  N.  of  Hadley  and  100  W.  of 
BoP:on.  There  is  hare  a  handfome 
Congregational  church,  and  73  houfes, 
lying  chiefly  on  one  ftreet.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  17 18,  and  contains  46* 
inhabitants. 

SuPAV  Urco,  or  Devil's  HUl,^  re- 
markable eminence  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  in  Peru,  between  the  vallies  of 
Chugui-pata,  and  thofe  of  Paute.  It 
has  Its  name  from  a  fabulous  flory  of 
enchantment,  propagated  by  a  fuperfti- 
tious  Spaniard.  It  is  thought  to  con- 
tain ricli  mines. 

Superior,  Laket  formerly  termed 
the  Upper  Lake,  from  its  northern  fit- 
nation.  It  may  juftly  be  termed  the 
Cafpian  Sea  of  America,  and  is  fuppof- 
ed  to  be  the  largeft  body  of  frefh  water 
on  the  globe.  According  to  the  French 
chartS'it  is  1,500  miles  in  circumference. 
A  great  part  of  the  coall  is  bounded  by 
rocks  and  uneven  ground.  It  is  fituat- 
ed between  46  and  50  N.  lat.  and  be- 
tween 84  30  and  9»  W.  long.  The 
water  is  very  clear,  and  tranfparent. 
If  the  fun  fhines  bright,  it  is  impoflible 
through  this  medium  to  look  at  the 
rocks  at  the  bottom,  above  a  minute  or 
two.  Although  the  water,  at  the  fur- 
face,  is  much  warmed  by  the  heat  of  the 
fun,  yet,  when  drawn  up  at  about  a 
fathom  depth,  it  is  very  cold.  Storms 
are  more  dreadful  here  than  on  the 
ocean.    There  are  many  tflands  in  thia 

lake; 


8U? 

Ijite  ;  fwo  of  them  have  each  land 
ciiuugh,  if  proper  for  cultivation,  to 
form  a  conlideraWe  province ;  efpecial- 
iy  ffle  Royal,  whicli  is  not  lefs  than 
loo  miles  long,  and  in  many  places  40 
broaJ.  The  natives  fuppoie  thefc  ill- 
ands  to  be  the  rdidence  of  the  Great 
Spirit.  Many  rivers  empty  their  wit- 
ters into  tills  mighty  refervoir  ;  of  thefe, 
one  is  called  Nipegon,  another  Michi- 
ficooton  i  which  ar;."  dsl'cribed  under 
their  refpC(5tive  heads.  .  This  lake  dif- 
chargcs  its  waters  from  the  S.  E.  cor- 
ner through  the  Straits  of  Sl.  Marie, 
which  are  about  40  miles  long,  into 
I/ake  Huron.  Lake  Superior,  although 
about  40  rivers  empty  int-o  it,  many  ol 
which  are  large,  yet  it  docs  not  appear 
that  one-tenth  partof  tiie  w.iters  which 
it  receives,  is  difchargcd  by  tlie  above 
mentioned  ftryjt:  Great  parr^^t  the  wa- 
ters evaporate  X  and  Provid-nce  d'jubt- 
Jcf?  maices  ui'e  of  this  inland  lea  to  fur- 
oilh  the  interior  parts  oF  the  country 
with  tiiat  fupply  of  vapours,  without 
which»  Jikc  the  iiiierior  parts  of  Africa, 
they  mutt  have  been  a  mere  defert.-  A 
number  of  tribes  live  around  Lake  Su- 
perior, but  liule  is  known  refpecftiiig 
thera.  The  Ibllowing  extract  from 
the  journal  of  a  late  traveller  will  be  ac- 
ceptable to  the  curious. 

'*  Mr.  M — '-  about  the  year  1790, 
-departed  from  Montreal  with  a  coiiipa- 
ny  of  about  loo  men,  under  his  direc- 
tion, for  the  purpole  oi  making  a  tour 
throu>>h  tlie  Indian  country,  to  collcet 
furs,  and  to  make  fuch  remarks  on  its 
foil,  waters,  lakes,  mountain?,  manners 
and  curtonis  of  its  inhabitants  as  njight 
come  within  his  knowledge  and  obferva- 
tion.  He  purfued  liis  route  from  Mont- 
real, enterad  the  Indian  country,  and 
coalted  about  joo  leagues  along  tl>e 
banks  of  Laki  Sup"tior,  from  thence  to 
the  Lake  of  the  H'bsdi,^-  which  he  took 
an  a(3:ua!  llirvey,  and  found  it  to-  be  ,^6 
teagues  in  length  ;  from  thence  to  tlie 
Juke  OuHipiqut:^  ol  wlilch  ho  has  ailb  a 
deicription.  'fhe  tribes  of  the  Indians 
which  he  pafled  throuj^ii,  were  called 
the  Majkego  tribe,  Shepewf^jaity  Cithhiif- 
t'lnei:.  Great  Belly  Iiuiiidis,  Beaver  i/i- 
diansy  Blood  Indi-ins.,  ihe  liliuk-fist 
■Trihey  the  ^ndke  IndiatiSy  Od'muiuiHy 
Shiveytoon  Tribe y  M.t'uon  Tn/u;  Puit- 
7icssy  and  fevcral  others,  who  in  gener- 
al were  very  paciiic  and  liiciidiy  to- 
wards him,  and  are  great  admiiers  of 
tjw  belt  huoting  hoiles,  in  which  the 


SUP 

country  abounds.    The  horfcs  prepir- 
ed  by  them  for  hunters,  have  large 
boles  cut  above  their  natural  noftrils, 
for  which  they  give  as  a  reafon,  that 
tliofe  prepared  m  this  manner  will  keep 
their  breath  longer  than   the  others, 
which  are  not  thus  prepared:   Froiu 
experience,  knowledge  is  gained,  and 
the  long  pr:4(ftice  of  this  cuitom,  confe- 
quent  on  ihcfe  trials,  mull  have  convin- 
ced tiieni  of  the  truth  and  utility  of  the 
experiment ;  otherwifs  W2  can  hardly 
fuppoie  they  would  torture  their  beft 
horlus  in  this  manner,  if  forae  advan- 
tage vi/as  noL  derived  from  the  mcaiure. 
in  pnrluing  his  rout'j,  h-j  found  no  diffi- 
culty in  obtaining  a  gaide  to  accompa- 
ny him  from  one  nation  to  ;he  other,  un- 
til he  came  to  tlie  Hhiubig  ^louri'uins, 
or  i\l!unt.iii:s  of  Ih'tgh  Steni;sy  whcre^ 
in  attenipting  co  i>,if>,,  he  was  fiulluitejl 
by  tile  hoilile  appearance  of  the  Indians 
who  inhabit  that  part  of  the  country. 
'I'he  confequence  of  whicli  was,  he  was 
difippointed  in  his  intention  and  obliged 
to  turn  his  back  upon  them.     Hnving 
collcded  a  number  of  Indians  he  went 
forward  again,    with  an  intention  to 
force  his  way  over  thofj  mountains,  if 
necclLry  and  praiticabit,-,.r.J  to  make 
his  way  to  Cook's  river,  on  die  N.  W. 
coalt  of  America,  fuppoftd  by  him  tr» 
be  about  300  Jeagu^iS  ii-oni  tlie  moun- 
tains ;  but  the  ii, habitants  of  the  moun- 
tains again  met  him  with  their  bows  and 
arrowi,  and  lb  i'upciior  were  they  in 
nuinbtirs  to  his  iitiic  force,  that  he  was 
ubijged  to  flee  before  them.    Findinjjf 
hinudf  thus  totally  difjppointed  in  the 
inforr.Yatioii  he  w.is  in  hopes  to  obtain^ 
he  was  obliged  to  turn  hi'j  buck  upon 
tiiai  part  vn  the  country  for  wh'^h  his 
thirlbiig  hv'.irt  liad  long  panted.     Cold 
wcathei  coming  on,  he  built  huts  for 
hnnfelf  and  pai  ty  in  the  Ojfnobiaii  coi!©. 
try,  and  near  to  die  fomce  of  a  large 
river,  called  the  Ojiioklan  rhevy  wliere, 
they  tarried  during  the  continuance  of 
the  cold  itafon,  and  until  fonie  time  in 
the  warmer  month...     Previous  to  his 
departure  from  Montreal,  he  had  fup- 
plicd  hiinlelf  wilhfeveral  kinds  of  feeds, 
and  before  his  huts  he  laid  out  a  fmall 
garden,   wliich  the   natives  oblervmg, 
cali'ed  Uieui  Have?,  for  digging  up  the 
grouiid,  aothip.g  of  that  ki.d  beiiiy  done 
by  them,  they  living  v/ holly  on  .tnimal 
food  ;  bread  is  unknown  to  thcin  ;  tc* 
foine  he  gave  fjiue  icrniriaii.s  ol  aard 
bread,  which  they  chewtd  and  Ipit  out 

again» 


*r 


m 


■/  ^  ■  »' 


iu 


it 


I 


%v 


•f 


5  U  R 

again,  calling  it  rotten  wood.  When 
Ills  onions,  &c.  were  fomewhat  advan- 
ced in  their  growth,  he  was  often  fur- 
prized  to  find  them  pulled  up  ;  deter- 
mining therefore  to  know  from  what 
caufe  It  proceeded,  he  dire(5ted  his  men 
to  keep  watch,  who  found  that  the  In- 
dian children,  induced  by  motives  of 
curiofity,  came  with  fticks,  thrult  them 
through  the  poles  of  his  fence,  to  afcer- 
tain  and  fatisfy  themfelves,  what  the 
things  of  the  white  men  were,  and  in 
what  manner  they  grew,  &c.  The  na- 
tives of  this  country  have  no  fixed  or 
{>ermancnt  place  of  abode,  but  tive  whol- 
y  in  tents  made  of  bufFaloe  and  other 
hides,  and  with  which  they  travel  from 
one  place  to  another  like  the  Arabs ; 
and  io  foon  as  the  feed  for  their  horfes 
is  expended,  they  remove  their  tents  to 
another  fertile  fpot,  and  fo  on  cohtinu- 
aUy,  fcarcely  ever  returning  to  the  fame 
fpots  again." 

Surinam,  a  province  or  diftritft  iii 
South-America,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch,    See  JDutcf>  Guiana. 

S  u  R I N  A  M,  H  beautiful  river  of  South- 
America,  and  in  Dutch  Guiana ;  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  wide  at  its  mouthy 
navigable  for  rfio  larceft  vefTds  xz  milts, 
and  for  Imaller  veflels  60  or  70  miles 
ftjrther.  Its  banks,  quite  to  the  water's 
edge,  are  covered  with  evergreen  man- 
grove trees,  which  render  the  proipecfl 
very  delightful.  The  entrance  is  guard- 
ed by  a  fort  and  two  redoubts,  but  not 
of  any  great  ftrength.  At  6  miles  up, 
the  Commanwine  falls  into  it,  and  on 
the  point  of  land  between  the  two  riv- 
ers are  the  forts.  The  town  of  Suri- 
nam is  in  lat.  6  lo  N.  and  long.  55  tz 
W.  The  beft  anchorage  is  under  Ze- 
iandia  Fort. 

SuRRV,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Salifbury  diftrid  ;  bounded  eaft  by 
Stokes,  and  weft  by  Wilkes.  It  con- 
tains 7,191  inhabitants,  including  698 
flaves.  The  Moravian  fettlements  of 
Wachovia  are  in  this  county.  Near 
the  river  Yadkin  is  a  forge,  which  man- 
ufiiftures  bar-iron.  The  Ararat  or  Pi- 
lot Mountain,  about  16  miles  north-weft 
of  Salem,  draws  the  attention  of  every 
curious  traveller  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
It  is  difcernible  at  the  diftance  of  60  or 
70  miles,  overlooking  the  country  be- 
low. It  was  anciently  called  the  Pilot, 
by  the  Indians,  as  it  ferved  them  for  a 
beacon,  to  condu*^:  their  routes  in  the 
ftorthera  and  ibuthern  wars.    On  ap- 


preaching  It,  a  grand  difplay  of  nature'* 
workmanfhip.in  rude  drcfs.is  exhibited". 
From  its  broad  bale,  the  mountain  riles 
in  eafy  alccnt,  like  a  pyramid,  near  a 
nnlc  high,  to  where  it  is  not  more  than 
the  area  of  an  acre  broad;  when,  on  a 
fudden,  a  vaft  ftupcndous  rock,  having 
the  appearance  or  a  large  caftle,  with 
its  battle  MCnts,  ere<fts  its  perpendicular 
height  to  upwards  of  .ioo  feet,  and  ter- 
minates in  a  flat,  which  is  generally  as 
level  as  a  floor.  To  afcencT  this  preci- 
pice, there  is  only  one  way,  which^ 
through  cavities  and  figures  of  the  rock, 
is  with  fome  difficulty  and  danger  ef- 
fected. When  on  the  funimit,  the  eye 
is  entertained  with  a  vaft,  delightful  prof- 
pev't  of  the  Apalachian  mountains,  on 
the  north,  and  a  wide,  extended  level 
country  below,  on  the  Ibuth  ;  while  tha 
ftrcams  of  the  Yadkin  and  Dan,  on  the 
right  and  left  hand,  are  diicovered  at 
feveral  diltantplaces, winding  their  way, 
through  the  fertile  low  grounds,  to- 
wards the  ocean. 

Surry,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ad  north  by  James  river  which  fepa- 
rates  it  from  Charles  City  county,  eaft 
by  Illc  of  Wight,  and  weft  by  Prince 
George's  county.  It  contains  6,9*7  in- 
habitants, of  whom  3,o9'7  are  flaves. 

Surry,  a  townfliip  of  New-Hamp- 
fhirc,  in  Chcfhiie  co.  containing  448  in- 
habitants. It  lies  eaft  of  Walfjole,  ad- 
joining, and  was  incorporated  in  1769. 

S  u  s  qu  E .  I A  N  N  A  H'  Rivert  rifes  in  Lake 
Uftuyantho,  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
and  runs  in  fiich  a  fsrpentine  courfe  that 
it  crofl'es  the  boundary  line  between  the 
States  of  Pennfylvania  and  New-York, 
three  times.  It  receives  the  Tyoga  riv- 
er in  N.  lat,  41  57.  Afterwaras  it  pro* 
ceeds  ibuth-caft  to  Wyoming,  without 
any  obftruftion  by  falls,  and  then  fouth- 
weft  over  Wyommg  falls,  till,  at  Sunbu- 
ry,  in  lat.  4t  it  meets  the  weft  branch 
oiSuf<]^uehannah,  which  is  navigable  90 
miles  from  its  mouth.  From  Sunbury 
the  river  is  paflable  with  boats  to  Har- 
rilburg  and  Middleton  on  the  Swatara. 
About  IS  miles  above  Harrifbure,  it  re- 
ceives the  Juniatta,  from  the  north-wefl, 
proceeding  from  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains and  flowing  through  a  broken 
country.  Hence  it  takes  its  courfe  a- 
bout  fouth-eaft,  until  it  falls  into  the 
head  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  juft  below  lla^ 
vre  de  Grace.  It  is  about  a  mile  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  navigable  only  ao  miles, 
the  navigatioo  being  oUUu^ed  beyond 

that 


s  u  s 

that  b7  the  Rapids.  The  inland  navi- 
ffation  l)etween  Schuylkill  and  Sii(i:iue- 
hannah,  will  bring  by  water  to  Philadel- 
phia, the  trade  ol  a  moll  fertile  country 
of  about  looo  miles  fc^uare,  or  6,000,000 
acres  of  land,  li'  this  can  be  accom- 
pliihed,  an  inland  navi^ration  may  be 
eafily  made  to  the  Ohio  and  to  Lake 
Erie,  which  would  at  once  open  a  com- 
munication with  above  2,000  miles  ex- 
tent of  weftern  country,  viz.  with  all 
the  great  lakes,  together  with  the  coun- 
tries which  lie  on  the  waters  of  Mifliiip- 
?i,  MiHburi,  and  all  their  branches, 
'he  water  communication  between 
Schuylkill  and  Sufquehannah,  which  is 
the  foul  of  all  this,  will  be  about  60 
miles,  as  the  navigation  muft  go,  al- 
though tlie  diftancc  on  a  line  is  only  40 
miles.  This  tra(ft  is  cut  by  two  creeks, 
the  (^tapal:illa  and  the  Tulpehokcn. 
Thcfe  two  creeks  lead  within  4  miles  of 
each  other ;  the  level  of  tlieir  head  wa- 
ters is  nearly  the  famp,  and  the  fpace  be- 
tween them  makes  the  height  of  land, 
Df,  as  it  is  commonly  calkd,  the  croiun 
hnd  between  the  two  rivers  which  is 
rearly  on  a  plain,  and  the  bottom  of  the 
canal,  through  which  the  navigation 
muft  pafs,  wUl  no  where  rife  more  than 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  head  wa- 
ters of  the  two  creeks  above  mention- 
ed, nor  fo  much  as  aoo  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  waters  of  Sufquehannah  or 
Schuylkill.  The  Company,  inftituted 
the  29th  of  Sept.  1791,  has  a  capital  of 
icoo  fliarcs  at  400  dollars  each,  payable 
at  fuch  time  as  the  Company  fliall  di- 
re(fl.  The  work  is  already  commen- 
ced. Coal  of  ati  excellent  quality  is 
found  Qn  feveral  parts  of  this  river,  par- 
ticularly at  Wyoming. 

S  u  s  s  E  X,  the  north-wefternmoft  co.  of 
New-Jerfey.  It  is  mountainous  and 
healthy,  and  has  feveral  iron  n)ines ; 
and  works  have  been  ere(^tcd  for  the 
roanuufailure  of  bar  and  pig  iron.  It 
produces  excellent  crops  of  wheat  j 
and  in  no  part  of  the  State  are  greater 
herds  of  cattle.  The  prod  ucc  is  Hoated 
down  the  Delaware  in.  boats  and  rafts. 
Here  are  ?  Preibyterian  churches,  j  for 
Anabaptifts,  i  for  German  Lutherans, 
and  I  for  Quakers.  Jt  contains  is 
lownlhips ;  the  chief  of  which  are  New- 
ton, Greenwich,  Hardyllon,  Knowl- 
town,  and  Oxford.  The  population  is 
>9,j  00  including  439  (laves.  It  is  bound- 
ed  N.  E.  by  the  State  of  New-York,  N. 
W-  by  Delaware  river,  which  fepa-  | 


s  w.:a 

rates  it  from  Korthampton  co.  in  Pcnn- 
fylvauia,  and  fouih-caft  and  fbuth  by 
jMorns  and  Hunterdon  counties.  Pauf- 
m  s  Kill  «s  here  navigable  for  fmall  craft 
15  nnles.  The  Mulconetcony,  which 
divides  the  county  from  Hunterdon,  is 
capable  of  beneficial  improvements,  as 
is  the  Pcqueft  or  Fequafet,  between  the 
above-mentioned  rivers.  The  court- 
houfe  in  this  county  is  13  miles  foutlw 
weft  of  Hamburg ;  38  N.  E.  of  Eafton, 
IP  Pcnnfylvania;  41  Ibuth-weft  of  Go. 
(hen,  in  New- York  ;  and  108  N.  by  E. 
of  Philadelphia.  The  village  at  this 
place  is  called  Newton. 

Suss  EX,a  county  of  Virginia;  bound- 
ed N.  E.  by  Surry,  and  louth-wcft  by 
Dinwiddle.  It  contains  10,554  inhabit- 
ants, including  5,387  fiaves. 

Sussex,  a  maritime  county  of  Dela- 
ware Sute,  bounded  wc(t  and  fouth  by 
the  State  of  Maryland,  north-eall  by 
Delaware  Hay,  eaft  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  north  by  Kent  co.  It  con- 
tains 30,488  inhabitants,  including  4,025 
flaves.  Cape  Henlopen  is  in  the  north- 
eaftern  pari  of  the  county.  Chief  town, 
Georgetown. 

SuTTON,atownfliip  of  New-IIamp- 
fhire,  Hillfborough  co.  containing  510 
inhabitants.  It  was  (wii  called  Perryt 
town,  and  was  incorporated  in  1784. 

'^.uTTON,a  townfliip  in  Worcefler  co. 
Mallacliufetts,  46  miles  W.S.W.  ofBof- 
ton,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Worcefter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1 7 1 8,  and  contains 
2,642  inhabitants.  Here  are  10  grift- 
mills,  6  faw-mills,  3  fulling-mills,  a  pa- 
per-mill, an  oil-mill,  and  7  trip-ham- 
mers. There  are  5  fcythe  and  ax-ma- 
kers, one  hoe-maker,  leveral  who  work 
at  nail-making,  and  6  works  for  making 
pot-afii.  Here  arc  found  ginfcng  and  the 
cohufli-root.  The  cavern,  commonly 
called  Purgatory,  in  the  fouth-eaftern 
part  of  the  town,  is  a  natural  curiofity. 
Bodies  of  ice  at  e  found  here  in  June, 
although  the  defcent  is  to  -he  fouth. 

Swallow  I /land,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  S.  lat.  10,  E.  long,  from  Paris, 
162 .10 ;  difcovered  by  Roggcwins,  1722. 

Swam  SCOT,  or  Gnv//  River,  to  dif- 
tincnifh  it  froni  another  much  lefs,  alfo 
called  Jixi'fer  River,  rifes  in  Chefter,  in 
New-Hampfhire,  and  after  running 
through  Sandbwn,  Poplin,  Brentwood, 
and  a  confiderablc  part  of  Exeter, 
affording  many  excellent  mill-feats, 
tumbles  over  a  fall  20  or  30  rods  in 
length,  and  meets  the  tide  from  Pifcat. 

aqiu 


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i4*  H  . 


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I 


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S  W  E 


TAB 


aqna  harbour,  in  the  centre  of  the  town- 
flilp  of  Exeter.  Tlic  fiiiiilJcr  river  riles 
in  Brentwood  and  joins  Great  river 
about  a  third  of"  a  miJe  above  Exeter. 
Here  are  caught  plenty  oFalcwivcs  and 
fome  oyftcis.  tiwamicot  is  the  Indian 
name  of  Exeter. 

Swan  IJliinJ,  in  the  DiRria  of  Maine, 
divid<iB  tlie  water-,  of  Kcnnebeck  river, 
three  miles  from  the  Chops  of  Merry- 
Meeting  Bay,  It  is  7  miles  long,  and 
has  a  nuvig;iblc  channel  on  both  fidjs, 
but  that  to  the  eart  is  moftly  iricd.  It 
wa^  the  feat  of  the  llichem  Keriebis. 
The  rivei  itlllf  prob.ibly  took  its  name 
from  the  ruce  of  Sagamores  of  the 
name  of  Kcnebis. 

SwAN'NANo,  the  eaH-  head  water  of 
French  Bioad  river,  in  Tenneflee.  Alfo 
the  name  of  a  fetdement  within  about 
60  rtiifes  of  the  Cherokee  nation. 

bWANNSBORouoH,  the  chief  town 
etf  Onflow  pQ.  Wilniiigton  didridt,  N, 
Carolina. 

SwAN'sEV,  a  townfliip  in  Chcdiire 
CO.  New-Hattlpfliire,  adjoining  Chefter- 
field  on  the  "E.  97  miles  weftcrly  of 
I'ortfniouth.  It  was  incorporateo,  in 
175/,  and  contains  115  7  inhab-itants. 

b'wANSEY,  a  towpihip  in  Briftol  cq. 
Mafliidiufetts,  ippiltaining  1784  inhabit- 
ants. It  was  incorporated  in  1667,  ai:id 
lies  51  niiies  ibutherly  of  poflo-i. 

SwANTOs,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
franklin  co.  6n  the  E.  bank  of  Lake 
Charaplain,  on  tjie  fouth  fide  of  Mif- 
chifcoui  river.  This  townfliip  hasa 
cedar  fwamp  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  it, 
towards  I-Iofj'Ifiand.  The  M-ifchifcouj 
is  navigable  h;r  the  largeft  beats  7  miles, 
to  the  r.ilts  in  this  town. 

•Sw.'»NTo.vvN,inlfcntco,Maryl4nd,ts 
about  3  miles  ?.  caiterly  oi  Cieorgetovyn. 

SWEDESBOROUGH,  a  fmali  poll- 
town  of  Ncw-Jcrfey,  Gloucefler,  cp. 
on  Racoon  Creek,  3  miles  from  its 
mniith,  in  DciaV/arc  river,  11  S,  by  W. 
<if  Woodbury,  17  N.  by  F.  of  SaLm, 
and  20  foufl'icrly  of  Pliihiddphia. 

Svv r  n I s H  A  "j !■  R  ic  »..  T/K-  ^wcdes 
had  anciently  fcttlements  on  Delrtware 
liwr,  arid  the  Swedifh  church  in  Phila- 
delphia is  the  oldell  in  that  city.  The 
only  Ahidrican  fetikment  they,  have 
nov/,  ijthciliiall  illand  o'i Rartl:o!on:c';v, 
<s\  'Enrthi'lch?!,  in  tl)*.!  Weft-Indies,  which 
is  about  io  rnil'jr.  in  length,  and  the 
f.tme  in  1)re^d(h.  7t  was  obtained  from 
France  in  17S?,  and  gave  rife  to  the 
pwedifli  Weft-India  Comparty. 


SwBET  Springs,  in  Virginia,  30 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Crcenbriar,  o,^  -weft 
of  Stauriton,  and  .^fio  S.  W.  of  Philadc;!-; 
phia.  In  the  fctrlement  around  thefe 
iptings,  a  poft-ofice  is  kejjt. 

SwHTARA,  or  ff~d:afara,  a  river  of 
Pcnnfylvania,  which  falls  into  the  Suf- 
quehannah  from  the  N.  Ili.  about  7  mile? 
5.  E.  of  Hanifbntg. 

bVDNtv,  or  Cape  Breton  Jjland  i 
which  fee. 

Sydnf  r,  in  Lincoln  co.  Drftrifl  of 
Maine,  is  37  miTes  from  Pownalborongh, 
98  from  H?.llowen,and  103  from  Bottoq. 

Symshury.    See  Shnjliiry. 

Sypomba,  an  ilknd  on  the  coafV  of 
Brazil,  in  S.  Am^.-rica,  about  7  leagues 
N.E.  of  St.  Jrhn'-.  Ifland,  and  N.  W. 
from  a  range  of  ulands  which  torm  the 
great  Bay  of  Para, 


?P 


TAAWIRRY,  one  of  the  two  fmali 
iflands  within  the  reef  of  the  iflan4 
of  Otaheite,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Thefe  iflands  have  andhorage  within 
the  reef  that  furrounds  thcni. 

Tabago,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Pa- 
nama, about  4  miles  long,  and  3  broad. 
It  i?  mountainous,  ami  iibounds  with  fruit 
trees.    N.  lat.  7  50,  W.  long,  60  16. 

Tabasco,  an  ilknd  in  the  S.  W, 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Gulf  pf  Campeachy,  is 
about  36  miles  long,  and  about  7. broad  ; 
and  on  it  is  built  the  town  of  Tabalco, 
in  lat.  17  40  N.  and  long.  93  39  W. 
It  is  the  capital  of  4  rich  province  of  its 
name,  and  is  fituated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  riycr  Grijalva,  90  miles  E, of  Efpiiito 
Santo,  £^nd  i'6o  S.  E.  of  MLjjico.  It  is 
not  laige,  but  is  well  built,  and  is  con- 
llder.ibiy  enriched  by  ft  confli'^nt  refort 
of  merchants  and  tradcfmen  at  Chrifl- 
niis.  'J'he  r;ver  Grijalva  divides  itfelf 
near  the  fea  into  two  branches,  of  whicl^ 
the  weflern  f^Us  into  the  river  Tabafco, 
which  rifes  in  the  mountains  of  ChiapA, 
;ind  the  other  continues  its  eourfe  tiU 
within  4  leagues  of  the  fea,  where  it 
fubdivides,  and  feparates  the  i/land  froni 
the  continent.  Near  it  are  plains  wHicii 
abound  with  cattle  and  other  animals, 
particularly  the  mountain  cow,  fo  called 
from  its  refembling  that  creatora,  and 
ffc(:Jir.g  on  a  fort  of  mofs  found  on  tJi9 
i\(.x%  near  great  rivers. 

Taboovilla, 


T  A  L 

Ta»oooili,a,  or  Little  Tahaf^;  in- 
tl)«  bay  of  Pan;iina,  a  fliullcr  ifland  than 
Tabngo,  and  ncr.r  it.  The  channel  be- 
tween them  is  narrow  hut  good,  tlirough 
which  Ihips  pals  tp  Point  Cliama  or 
Nata. 

Tabooyamanoo,  a  fmall  idand  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  liibjert  lo  liua- 
licinc,  one  of  the  Society  Iflnnds, 

Tacamks,  a  hay  on  the  coaft  of  Pe- 
ru, in  lat,  about  i  6  N.  and  3  leagues  to 
the  N.  E.  of  Point  Galera. 

Taohifi  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Iklcxico,  is  18  miles  from  the  town  of 
Pomaro. 

Taconnet  Fall.    See  Fart  Halifax. 

7"  a  r  u  K  n  A .     See  Latacunga. 

Ta  DO  us  AC,  a  fmall  place  in  Lower 
Canada,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sa- 
gueiiay,  or  Sapacnai,  on  the  north  lliore 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  Here  a  con- 
(iderable  trade  has  been  carried  on  with 
the  Indians,  they  bringing  their  furs 
3t»»d  exchanging  them  for  European 
cloths,  utenhls  and  trinkets.  It  is  <^8 
miles  below  Quebec.  N.  lat.  48,  W. 
lonR.  67  %$,    See  Sagnenay  River. 

1'aensa,  a  fettlement  in  Weft-Flori- 
du,  on  the  eafterrj  channel  of  the  great 
Mobile  river,  on  a  high  blufF,  and  on 
the  fcitc  of  an  ancient  Indian  town 
which  is  apparent  from  many  p.rtificial 
niour^ds  of  earth  and  other  ruir,s.  It  is 
about  30  miles  above  Fort  Gondc,  or 
city  of  Mobile,  at  the  head  of  the  bay. 
Here  ts  a  deJightf|4i  and  cxteniiv€  proi- 
pedt  of  fome  flouriihing  plantations, 
The  inhabitants  are  moftly  of  French 
enrraftion,  and  are  chiefly  tenants. 
The  myrica  inoJora-  or  wajic-tree,  grows 
here  to  the  height  of  9  or  jo  fett,  and 
produces  excellent  wax  for  candles. 

1  AOAPi'Pk,  a  caftle  ere<5\cd  on  a 
point  of  land  in  tlie  Bay  of  All  Saints,  in 
•Brazil.  It  is  pretty  confiderable,  and 
adds  greatly  tp  the  (trength  of  St.  Sal- 
vadore. 

Tago,  Scii^ti  or  Tiago  Pointy  on  the 
well  coalt  of  New  Mexico,  is  between, 
Salagua  and  the  White  Rock. 

Tahoora,  or  Tahooronva,  one  of  the 
fm.illeft  of  the  Sandwich  iHands,  3 
leagues  from  ths  fouth-wcft  part  of 
Mowee.    N.  lat.  ao  38,  "W.  long.  156 

33- 
TAtAHASocHTi,     a     confiderable 

•town  of  the  Seminole  Indians,  lituated 

on  tlie  elevated  eail  banks  of  the  Little 

river  St.  John,  near  tile  bay  of  Apaiarhe, 

IP  the  pulf  of  ^lexico,  ^bout  75  miles 


T  A  L 

from  the  Alachua  favanna.    Here  aw 
near  30  habitations  conflrurlcd  of  f-  anie 
work,  and  covered  with  the  bark  of  the 
c^preis  tree,  aftt;r  tlic  mode  ot  Cufc(ji- 
wilia,  and  a  fpacious  and  ncit  cdunciU 
houfe,    Thefe  Indians  have  larjic  liand- 
fonie  canoes,  which  ti:cy  fom"!  out  of 
the  trunks  of  cyprefs  trees,  fome  capa^ 
cious  pnougii  to  hold  so  or  .?c  warriors. 
Id  thcie  theydefceml  tlK-  riVer  on  trad- 
ing and  hunting  expeditious  on  the  fea- 
coall:,  iflands,  and  keys,  quite  to  tho 
Point  of  Florida ;  and  fometimes  crofs 
the  Gulf  and  go  to  the  Bahama  Iflands, 
and  even  to  Cuba,  and  bring  returns  of 
fpirituous  liquors,  coffee,  fugar,  and 
tobacco. 

J  Ai.APOosEE,  or  7'alliipcofce,  tlia 
great  nordi-caft  branch  ot  the  Alabama 
or  M(jbiie  river,  in  Florida.  It  rifcs  in 
the  higji  lands  near  the  Cherokees,  and 
runs  through  the  high  country  of  the 
Oakfulkee  tribes  in  a  weftwardly  direc- 
tion, and  is  full  of  rocks,  fatls,  and 
fhoals,  until  it  reaches  the  Tuckabatch- 
es,  where  it  becomes  deep  and  quiet ; 
from  thence  the  courfe  is  weft  about  30 
miles  to  Littli  Tallafie,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Coofa,  or  Coofa  Hatcha.  At 
Coolfome,  near  Otafle,  a  Mufccgulge 
town,  this  river  is  300  yards  broad,  and 
about  15  or  20  feet  deep.  The  water 
is  clear  and  falubrious.  In  moft  maps 
the  lower  part  of  this  river  is  called 
Oakfvjkie. 

'J  A  LAS  SEE,  or  TallaJJee,  a  county 
conflfting  of  a  trac):  of  land  bounded  by 
FaftFloiidaoD  the  fouth,  from  which 
the  head  water  of  St.  Mary's    rivef 
partly  fepautes  it ;  north  byAlatamaha 
I  river,  eatt  by  Glynn  and  Camden  cown- 
tic!!,  ■^nd  wefterly  by  a  line  which  ex- 
[  tends  from  the  weftern  part  of  Fkanfa- 
;  noka  Swamp,  in  a  N.  E.  direftion  till  it 
;  fh  ikes  the  Alatamaha  river,  at  the  mouth 
,  of  the  Oakraulgee.    It  is  faid  that  the 
I  State  of  Georgia  hi»d  extinguiflied  the 
I  Indian  claim  to  this  tr^tt  of  land,  but  it 
;  has  been  given  up  to  the  Indians  as  tlie 
'  price  of  peace  ;  for  which  that  State 
makes  a  claim  for  50,000!.  with  intercft» 
fince  the  treaty,  upon  the  United  States, 
TALASstE,  a  town  of  the  Upper 
Creeks,  in  the  Georgia  weftern  territo- 
ry, on  the  foutli  fide  of  Talapoofe  livery 
diftant  about  3  days  journey  from  Apa- 
lachicola  on  Chata  Uchc  river.    It  is  aU 
16  called  Big  TalafTee. 

J  ALBERT'S  JJIandy  on  the  coaft  of 
Georgia,  the  north  point  of  whicli  is  in 

lat. 


'0' 

I 


•  'it 


T  A  M 

ht.  about  -0  44  N.  where  St»  Mary's 
rivci  LDipiies  into  the  ocean  between 
this  ifland  and  Amelia  Ifland  on  the  N. 

TAi.iicrr,  an  illand  on  the  coaft  of 
£aft-l*ioiid.i.  The  fands  at  ilit;  en- 
trance oF  Nalliiu  lie  three  milos  olf  the 
loiith-eaft  point  of  Amelia  Ifland,  and 
iiom  the  N.  E.  point  of  Talbot  Illand. 
.  Talbpt>  n,  county  of  Maryland,  on 
the  taftern  fhoir  of  Chdiipcak  Bay, 
bounded  E.  by  Choptank  river,  which 
divides  it.  from  Caroline  county,  and 
fouth  by  the  iUme  river,  which  fcparates 
it  from  Dorceltor.  It  contains  i"„o84 
Ujhabitants,  of  whom.  4,777  ^""e  ilaves. 
The  foil  is  rich  and  fertile. 

Talcaguaka,  .1  cupe  on  the  coaft 
of  ChiH,  II  leagues  N.  E.  of  the  ifiand 
<>f  Su  Mary,  and  a  northward  ot  Poit 
St.  Vin-L,.t. 

^.  Tai*caguama  for/,  is  6  miles  with. 
m  the  above  point  of  its  name,  and  is 
one  of  two  good  roads  in  the  bay  of 
Conception. 

_  Ta  '  w  Po/ftt,  a  mark  for  anchor. 
ing  in  J  harbour  of  Port  Royal,  on 
the  Ibulh  coalt  of  the  iOand  of  Jamaica. 

Taloo  Harbour,  on  the-  N.  fide  of 
)hc  ifland  of  Eimeo,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean.  S.  lat.  1 7  %o,  W.  long.  150. 
^  TAMAi.tquE,  an  inland  city,  in  the 
province  of  St,  Martha,  on  the  coall 
of  Terra  Firma.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
lianks  of  Magdalena  river,  and  carries 
on  a  trade  on  that  1  iver  from  New  Gra- 
nada to  Carthagena,  from  whence  it  is 
^iliant  above  150  miles* 
;  Tamar,  Capet  is  the  N.  W.  point  of 
a  large  bay  and  harbour  on  the  N,  fiiore 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  within  the 
cape.  The  fouth-ealt  point  of  the  bay 
is  named  Providence.  S.  lat.  52  51,  W. 
long.  75  40. 

;  Tamarik A,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  northward  of  Pernambuco,  and 
about  24  miles  in  length.  'It is  a  miles 
J^.  of  Pornovello,  and  has  a  harbour 
^nd  good  freih  water.  S,  lat.  756,  W. 
long-  .r?  .<•. 

'i  AM  ATA  MquE,  called  by  the  Span- 
iards, Villa  cie  las  Pulmas,  a  town  of 
Santa  Martha,  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  Ame- 
fica ;  fituated  on  the  eaftern  bank  of 
Santa  Martha  river,  about  a8  miles  a- 
jjiove  TenerifFe. 

,  Tambo  Lanelf  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
extends  fibout  o  miles  from  Cape  Re- 
.matc  to  Playa  de  los  Perdrice?,  or  the 
Partridge  Strand,  about  9  miles.  There 
is  clear  and  good  anchorage  upon  tliis 


T  A  O 

ftrand,  under  a  row  of  high,  ridgy,  and 
fandy  hills.  On  making  tiicm  from  the 
fea,  they  refemble  a  covey  of  partridges 
juft  riling ;  hence  the  name  of  the  coafl. 

Tammanv's,  .9/.  a  village  on  Dan 
river,  in  Virginia,  15  milcr.  fiom  Gill's 
Bridge,  7  noni  Meckienburg  court- 
houlc,  4i  from  Halifax  court-hojife,  in 
North-Carolina,  and  398  from  Phila. 
delphia. 

J  AMMAN  Y,  Fort  at.  or  AY.  Marfj^ 
at  the  mouth  of  St.  Marv's  river,  on 
the  S.  line  of  Georgia,  See  St.  Mary's. 

I  ammata-I'api'a,  a  low  ifland  of 
the  N.  Pacific  Octan,  faid  to  be  near 
the  Siindwich  Ifland^. 

J'amou  IJ/a/id,  one  of  the  fmall 
iflets  which  form  part  of  the  reef  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Ulieita  Ifland,  one  of  the 
Society  Iflands. 

Tampa,     Sec  Spir/iu  Santt. 

Tamworth,  a  townfhip  in  the 
northern  part  of  Strafford  co.  New. 
Haniplhire.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  contains  266  inhabitants. 

Tanbanty  Bay^  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  has  a  good  road,  (heltered  by 
the  fands  that  lie  off  within  3  miles  of 
the  fliore.  It  is  one  of  thole  places  be- 
tweeo  Point  Negro  and  Point  Lucna. 

'i'ANEVTOWN,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
Maryland,  in  Frederick  eo.  between  Pi» 
ney  Run  and  Pine  Creek,  on  which  are 
a  number  of  mills  and  fonie  iron-works. 
It  lies  17  miles  N.  by  K.  of  Frcderickf- 
town,and  lai  W.S.  W.  of  Phjladelphin. 

Tank  LA,  or  Tonela,  a  tradt  of  fhore 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Mexico,  on  the  N, 
Pacific  Ocean,  commencing^  near  the 
Sugar  Loaf  Hill,  about  6  miles  within 
the  land,  bearing  N,  E.  and  S.  VV.  with 
the  burning  mountain  of  Lacatccolula, 
about  18  miles  up  the  river  Limpa. 

Tangola,  an  ifland  in  the  N.Pa- 
cific Ocean,  and  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
New  Mexico  ;  affording  good  anchor- 
age and  plenty  of  wood  and  water.  Jt 
is  about  60  miles  weftward  of  Guati- 
mala.    It  is  aifo  named  I'atigolatangc. 

Tangvky,  or  Tongueyy  on  the  coaft 
of  Chili:  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  30 
miles  from  Limari,  and  in  lat.  :o  30  N. 

Tansa,  a  branch  of  the  river  Mobile, 
3  leagues  below  the  Alabama  branch. 

Taoo,  the  moll  foutherly  (>f  the 
Fiitndly  Iflands,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  about  10  leagues  ir)  circuit, 
and  fo  elevated  as  to  be  feen  ?t  the  dis- 
tance of  I  a  leagues, 

Ta6ukA»  ^n  iflaod  in  the  S.  Pacific 

Ocean, 


TAP 


TAR 


Ocean,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands.    S. 
kt.  14  30,  W.  lorijr,  i4j  9. 

Tapan  ATf.PKii'E,  ii  town  of  Guax- 
aca,  and  audience  of  Mexico.  It  ftaiidi 
at  the  foot  of  the  mountains  Quclcnos, 
itt  tlic  bottom  of  ;i  bay  in  the  South  Soc* ; 
and  is  rcprelentcd  as  one  of  the  plt;U- 
antcll  pincts  in  t!>us  country,  and  Uie 
belt  fuiiiiiiicd  with  HeJh,  fowl  and  liih, 
bcin^  contiguous  both  to  the  lea  and  .1 
river,  aniidlt  licli  laiim,  each  ot  which 
being  Itocked  with  between  1000  and 
4000  head  of  cattle.  Htie  are  delight- 
ful walks  of  (lange,  lemon,  ciuon,  fig 
and  other  fruit  trees. 

Taparica,  a  long  ifland  on  the- weft 
fide  of  the  entraiic*  into  the  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  in  Brazil.    See  Buhta. 

Tapayo,  a  tov/n  of  S.  Anv;ri<:a,  on 
the  fouth  bank  of  Amazon  livcr,  calf- 
«rly  from  the  mciuth  of  Madeira  liver. 

Tappahannock,  a  poll-town  and 

f5ort  of  entry  of  Virginia,  in  Eflex  co. 
letween  Dancerfield  on  the  noith  and 
Hofkin's  creek  on  the  fouth,  and  on  the 
Ibuth-welf  bank  of  Rappahannock  river, 
54  miles  from  Richmond,  67  from 
Williamn^urg,  and  %bT,  from  Hhiladel- 
pliia.  It  is  alfo  called  UMa'  H  le  ; 
which  lee.  It  is  laid  out  regularly,  on 
a  rich  plain,  and  contains  about  lop 
houfes,  an  epifcopal  churc!  ,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  g:vol ;.  but  is  ratiicr  unheal- 
thy. The  exports  for  one  year,  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to  the 
vaTuc  of  160,673  dollais. 

Tap  AY  OS.     See  Tapu^eit 

Tap  PAN,  a  town  of  New- York,  in 
the  fouth-eaft  part  of  Orange  co.  about 
4  miles  from  the  noith  bank  of  Hud- 
I'on's  river,  and  at  the  fouth  end  of  the 
Tappan  fea.  Here  is  a  reformed  I'rot- 
eftant  Dutch  church.  Major  Andre, 
adjutant-general  of  the  Britilh  aFmy  fuf- 
fercd  here  as  a  fpy,  0<5l.  a,  1780  ;  hav- 
ing been  taken  on  his  way  to  New- York, 
after  concerting  a  plan  with  major-gen- 
eral Arnold  for  the  delivering  up  Weft 
Point  to  the  Britifli. 

Tap  PAS  Seay  or  jBffv,  a  dilatation  of 
Hudson's  river,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  oppolite  the  town  of  Tappan, 
and  35  miles  north  of  New-York  city  ; 
immediately  fouth  of  and  adjoining  Ha- 
vcrllraw  Bay.  It  is  ic  miles  long  and 
4  wide;  and  has  on  the  north  fide  fine 
quarries  of  a  reddifh  free-ftone,  uied 
for  buildings  and  grave-flones  \  which 
are  a  fourcc  of  great  wealth  to  the  pio- 
prietors.    See  Steep  Rockt. 


TAPUYEs,orTu/)(7j'7f,themofl(irr« 
lidetable  nation  of  the  uiv^  Bra/itani, 
in  t).  America,  tl».u  luvc  oot  yet  bteo 
conquered  hv  the  Pottugucfe.  They 
Ipread  themltlvcs  a  great  way  inland 
to  the  well,  and  arc  divided  into  a  grcit 
r.unibcr  of  tribes  or  cantons,  all  tjovcrn- 
td  by  their  own  kinpi. 

J  AKAHUMARY,  a  provincc  of  Nfw 
Spain,  uoo  miles  dillant  from  ilie  cai>. 
itaJ'. 

TARBORoycH,  a  poft-town  of  N. 
Carolina  ;  fitnatcd  on  the  well  lide  of 
Tar  RiCcr,abi'Utfe5milesfrom  itsnioutK, 
140  f  10111  Ocrecock  Inlet,  no  north  by 
tart  of  rayettcMlle,3  7  Ibudiot  Ihilifax, 
ua  fouth  by  weft  ol  Pcterilniig  ii,  Vit- 
gmia,  and  420  ^outh-weft  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  contu.ns  about  so  houles,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  Large  quiintitios 
of  tol  acco.  of  the  Pcti-iihiivg  quality, 
pork,  beef,  and  Indian  corn  arc  tollecl- 
td  here  for  exportation. 

J  ARijA,  iir  Chiiil.'tUy  one  of  the  font-' 
teen  juiiJdi<ilions  belonging  to  the  arch* 
bilhopric  of  Plata,  in  Feru,  It  lies  a- 
bciit  90  miles  fouth  of  Plata,  and  '\1& 
grear.elt  extent  being  about  ^05  miles. 
The  temperature  of  the  air  is  vaiious  i 
in  fome  parts  hot,  and  in  others  cold  ;  ix> 
that  it  has  the  advantage  iH"  corn,  fiuits 
and  cattle.  This  country  abounds  ev- 
ery where  in  mines  of  gold  and  lilvcr  ; 
but  efpecially  that  part  called  Choca- 
yas.  Between  this  province  and  tie 
country  inhabited  by  the  wild  Indians, 
lun's  the  large  river  Tipuanys,  the  "lmk^s 
of  which  being  mixed  with  gold,  aie 
wafhed,  in  order  to  ieparaic  tiie  giaiij* 
of  that  metal. 

Tar,  or  Patulico  River,  a  confidera- 
ble  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which  purfues 
a  ibuth-eaft  courlc,  and  paffing  by 
Walhin(',ton,  T;nborough  and  Gretn- 
ville,  enters  Pandico  Sound  in  lat.  35  24 
N-  It  is  navigable  for  vefieis  drawing 
9  feet  water  to  the  town  of  Wafliington, 
40  miles  from  its  mouth  ;  and  for  Icow.? 
or  flats  carrying  30  or  40  1  hds.  ;o 
miles  farther  to  the  town  of  Taiho- 
rouj.vh.  According  to  the  report  of  a 
con.mittce,  ;  ppuitt'.d  by  the  iL-giiliuure 
of  N.  Caroiini,  to  inquire  into  the  prac- 
ticability of  impioving  theinlaud  rav^pi- 
tion  of  the  State,  it  is  luppolcd  that  this 
river,  and  Fiihy  CrctV,  a  branch  of  it, 
may  be  made  navigable  40  miles  above 
Tarborough. 

Tarpaulin   Cove,  en   the  coaft  of 
Mallachuletts,  lies  about  3  leagufs  N.  N. 

W.  of 


Ut 


;r 


I 


T  Aii 

"W.  of  ITolmes'n  Hole,  in  Martha's  Vine- 
^tJI.  It  h  high  water  here,  at  full  and 
chanp'*,  two  minutes  after  lo  o'clock  ; 
S  farhoms  water. 

Tarrytowv,  a  corrfidcraWe  villiiKC 
rn  Ptirllips'^  Manor,  Ntw-York,  on  tlic 
f.rft  fide  of  Hiidfon'a  river,  jo  miles  N. 
of  New-Yorit  ci:y.  I/ne'er  a  large  tree, 
U'hich  ii  fhewn  to  tr.-tviillcra  as  they  pafj 
tlie  river,  is  the  fpot  where  the  unfuriu- 
ratc  Major  i\ndrc  was  tiikcn  ;  who 
■was  afterwiirds  eMi;CUted  at  Tappan. 

'i'ARsrowN.    See  Lerxji/burg,  Penn- 
■fylvania. 

Tarte's  R:rf>i:f.',  L.t,  on  the  river 
Ohio,  lie  40  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
the  Great  K.1nhaway.    -See  OSio. 

T  A  T  M  A  o  n  u  c  H  F. ,  oT  Ttitafmigotiche, 
a  place  in  Novii-Scor'a,  on  a  Ihort  bay 
V'hicii  fets  up  Southerly  from  the  Straits 
of  Northumberland  ;  about  15  miles 
from  Onflow,  and  ar  from  the  ifland  of 
Ft.  John'?.  ^c<:  Sotithawpfyn.  Tth»sa 
very  good  ro;ul  for  veU'els,  and  is  known 
nlf)  under  the  n;rmes  Tatainagau.xbott. 
Tatnam  Ctr/>r,  the  caltern  point  of 
lluye's  river,  in  HaJfon's  Bay.  N.  lat. 
il  35»  W.  long.  91  30. 

TATon-E-TEF.,  Rn  ifland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Ingraham 
Ifles,  called  by  Capt.  Ingrnham,  Frank- 
lilt,  and  by  Capt.  Robeits,  Biithe.  It 
lies  7  or  8  leagues  VV.  by  N.  of  Noo- 
heera. 

'I'aumaco,   an   ifland  about  njo 
leagues  from  Mexico,  where  Dc  Quiros 
ftayed  ten  days.     One  of  the  natives 
named  above  6cri(lands  round  it.   Some 
of  the  mmcs  follow,  viz.  Manicola,  j 
Chioayano,  larger  tlian  Taumaco,  and 
abont  ,-500  miles  from  it ;   Guatopo,  I 
150  njiles  fiom  Taumaco  ;  Tucopia,  at 
ico,  where  the  country  of  Manico'a 
lay.     rhe  natives  had,  in  general,  lank  | 
hair  ;  fome  were  white,  with  red  hair  ;  ; 
fomo  mulattoesv  with  curled  hair  ;  and  ' 
fbme  woolly  like  nc^groes.    De  Quiros  ' 
obferves  that  in  the  Ijay  of  Philip  and  : 
James,  were  many  black  rtones,  very  i 
hTtivy,  fome  of  which  he  carried  '.o  ; 
Mexico,  and  upon  afTaying  them,  thf^y  ! 
found  (ilver. 

Taunton,  a  river  which  emptier 
!nto  Narraganfct  Bay,  at  Tiverton, 
oppofjte  the  N.  enct  of  Rhode-Ifl-md. 
It  is  formed  by  fcveral  ftrcamtj  which 
•tife  in  Plymouth  county,  Mafliichufetts. 
Its  courfe  is  about  jo  miles  from  N.  E. 
to  S.  W.  and  it  is  rmvigable  for  ftnall 
■  vdTels  to  Taunton.         ;  ■■ '- —  — - 


f  fee 

Taw M TOW,  a  poft-town  of  Mafjlt- 
chufetts,  and  the  cnpital  of  Drilkbl  ai, 
lilMated  on  the  W.  (ido  of  Taunton 
river,  and  contains  4<i  or  50  houfes, 
cofnpiL'tly  built,  a  church,  court-houlie, 
gaol,  ana  an  academy,  which  wis  in- 
corporated in  179a.  It  is  .16  miles  S. 
by  v..  of  Hofton,  ai  K.  of  Providence, 
ai  northerlvof  Bedtoid,  and  .?ia  N.  i;. 
of  Philadelphia.  The  townlhip  of 
Taunton  was  taken  from  Kiyiili.ini, 
and  incorporated  in  1*19,  and  contains 
,^,So4  iiihabitanrs,  A  fl;ttirp-mill  was 
erctHed  Ijcrc  in  1776,  and  for  a  conlid- 
erablc  time  the  only  one  in  MaH'achu- 
ietts,  and  was  tfien  the  b'etl  ever  built 
in  America.  The  annual  |»rodudtion  of 
3  mills  now  in  this  towiifliip  is  not  Icfs 
than  800  tons  of  iron  ;  about  50  tons 
are  cut,  and  300  hammered  into  nails, 
and  the  remainder  is  wrought  into 
i'pades  and  Ihovels  j  of  which  iall  arti- 
cle aoo  dozen  arc  rolled  annually. 
Mr.  Samuel  I^eonard  rolled  the  tint 
(hovel  ever  done  in  America.  This 
invention  reduces  thti  nrice  one  half; 
Wire-drawingy  and  rolling  (heet-iron 
for  the  tin  mftnufadture,  are  executed 
here.  There  is  alfo  ai  nwmifaftory  of 
a  fpecies  of  ochre,  found  here,  into  x 
pigment  of  a  dark  yellow  colour. 

Taunton  Bay.,  in  the  Diftrift  oi 
Maine,  is  fix  miles  from  Frencluiun's 
Day. 

Tavbrnier  Key,  a  firtan  ifle,  one  of 
the  Tortugas,  »  miles  from  the  s.  W. 
end  of  Key  Largo,  and  5  N.  E.  of  Old 
Matacombe.  To  the  noa  hward  ot 
this  laft  ifland  is  a  very  good  road. 

TAWANof-E  Creek,  in  Northumber- 
land CO.  Ponnfylvania,  runs  N.  E.  into 
the  E.  branch  of  Sufquehannah,  la 
mil>^^  Ibuth-eaft  of  Tio^a  Point. 

T\w\s,  an  India*  tribe  in' the  ^.W. 
Terriu>iy,  i;i  mile;,  up  the  Mi.mii  of 
rhe  La:ke.  Another  tribe  of  this  name, 
inhabit  higher  up  the  fame  river,  at  a 
place  calleil  the  Hapids. 

TA.vixrW!,  Th  Bn^liih,  or  Picque- 
To".vn,\n  the  M.  W.  Territory,  is  liiua- 
ted  oil  the  N.  W.  bank  of  'he  Gaat 
W'ianii,  35  mile;  below  the  5  mtlc  port- 
age, to  the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  and  68 
S.  W.  by  S.  of  Miami  Fort.  It  was 
taken  tn  1752,  by  tlri  French.  N.  lat. 
40  4T,  VV.  long.  84  4^- 

Teachrs,    a  fmalt    ifJand  cX<ii''.  to 
f!ie  ealt  thore  of  Northampton  co.  Vir- 
ginia, and  N.  Uy  ?..  of  Parramore  liland. 
TECOANTErsc,  or  TecHmtepeque,(X 


of  MafEfc. 
'  Uritbl  cd. 
f  Taunton 

50  liuul'est 
:ouri.|ioure, 
\ich  wts  in- 
.16  miles  S. 
Piovulenc'j, 
ri  ?ii  N.i;. 
uwrilhip    ot 

K;iyiiiKiniy 
11(1  ccmtiiins 
njvmill  was 
or  a  conliil- 

Malikchii- 

l  ever  built 

udui'.tion  ot 

p  is  not  Icfs 

rout  50  tons 

into  nail'j, 
lought  into 
ich  lart  arti- 
1  annuiilly. 
ed  the  Hrtt 
rica.  Thi« 
:e  one  half; 
g  fheet-iron 
re  executed 
mifaiSory  ot 
icrc,  into  z 
iolour. 

:  Diftrift  ot 
Fienclunan's 

1  tfle,  one  ot 
^  the  S.  W. 
Sf.  E.  of  Old 
y\  hwiird  ot 
■xi  road, 
^orthumbcr- 
s  N.  ¥..  into 
Jiuinah,  jt 
*oint. 

in-  the  N,  W. 
le  Ml." mi  ot 
if  this  name, 
z  river,  at  a 

),  or  Picquff' 
ory,  is  liiua- 
f  '.he  Great 
5  mile  port- 
ivke,  -wA  68 
:)rt.  It  was 
:h.      N.  lat. 

md  doH;  to 
iton  CO.  vir- 
more  lilnnd. 
tntepeque^  osr 


t  E  M 

TegtMntrpfque,  a  large  bay  on  the  weft 
Coalt  of  Ncw-Mcxico,  on  the  fouth  (idi; 
Of  the  Ilthmus  from  the  Bay  or  Oulf  of 
Canipcachy,  in  the  3.  W.  paitof  the 
Cult  ot  Mexico  J  and  bounded  well  by 
Point  Angeles.  The  port  town  of  its 
name,  lies  in  lat.  xj  a8  N.  and  long. 
96  15  W. 

Tkhuacan,  a  city  of  New-Spain, 
tao  milts  S.  E.  of  Mexico. 

Tr.  K  Y  Sound,  on  the  coail  of  Georgia, 
to  the  foutii  of  Sarannah  river,  is  a  ca- 
pacious roarl,  where  a  liirge  Hect  may 
anchor  in  fioni  10  to  14  fathoms  water, 
and  be  land-iocked,  and  have  a  fate  en- 
trance over  the  bar  of  the  river.  The 
flood  tide  is  g  nerally  7  feet. 

Telica,  a  burning  nidinitain  on  the 
Veft  coaft  of  New-Mexico,  feen  at  N. 
N.  E.  over  the  ridge  of  Tojla.  It  is 
one  of  the  range  of  volcanoes  which  are 
feen  along  the  coaft  from  Fort  St.  John's 
to  Tecaantepcck,  and  is  i8  miles  from 
Volcano  del  Vejo,  or  Old  Man's  Burn- 
ing Mountain  ;  and  there  afe  two  others 
between  them,  but  not  fo  eafily  difcern- 
ed,  as  they  do  not  often  emit  fmoke. 

Teluco  B/ock-Hou/e,  in  Tenneflcc, 
Hands  on  the  north  bank  of  TennefTee 
river,  immediately  oppofite  the  remains 
of  Fort  Loudon  ;  and  is  computed  to 
be  900  miles,  according  to  the  courfe  of 
the  river,  from  its  mouth,  and  .^a  miles 
fouth  of  Knoxvillc  in  Tennefl'ee.  It 
Xvas  created  in  1 794^  and  lias  proved  a 
Very  advantageous  military  poft.  It  has 
lately  been  cftabli/hed,  by  the  XJmtf.d 
States,  as  a  trading  poft  with  the  Indians. 

Telliguo,  Otrat,  in  the  State  of 
Tennefl'ee,  was  fituated  on  the  caft  fide 
of  the  Chota  branch  of  T  onncfTce  river, 
about  45  miles  N.  E.  of  the  mouth  of 
Hoifton  river,  and  5  fouth  of  the  line 
Avhich  marked  Lord  Granville's  limits 
of  CaroHna.  This  was  a  Britifli  fiK^ory, 
cftablifhed  after  the  treaty  of  Weftmin- 
fter,  in  1739. 

TfLLiGuo  Mour,fuh!s,  lie  fouth  of 
the  above  place,  and  feem  to  be  part  of 
what  are  now  called  the  Great  Iron 
Mountains,  in  the  lateft  maps. 

TEMPiK,aplace  in  New  Galicia,  aoo 
leagues.  N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Temple,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp- 
fhirc,  Uillfborough  co.  north  of  New- 
Ipfwich,  and  70  miles  wefterly  of  For tf- 
niouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1768, 
'And  contains  520  inhabitants. 

Temple  Bay,  on  the  Labrador  coafl:, 
Nogpoljte  Belle  Ifle.  A  Britifh  fcttlemcnt 
».»«'.         •  E  s  e 


of  this  name  was  dcftroycd  by  th« 
French,  in  CXiobcr,  1796. 

TtMPLtTON,  a  townlliip  in  the  Ni 
W.  paitofWoiceltet  eo.  Maflaeliulclts, 
contaioing  950  inhabitants.  It  was 
granted  as  a  bounty  to  the  foldiers  in 
kmg  Philip's  war,  and  was  called  Nar- 
lagrthfet  N"  6,  until  its  incoipdi.ition 
in  176a.  It  in  63  miles  W.  by  N.W.  of 
Bofton,  and  a8  N.  by  W. of  VVorciiler. 

Ti  nch's  IJlaiiJ,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  was  difcovered  in  1790,  by 
Lieut.  Ball,  and  lies  in  lat.  i  ,19  y.  and 
long.  151  31  W.  It  is  low,  and  only 
about  a  miles  in  circuit,  but  is  entirely 
covered  with  trees,  including  many  of 
the  cocoa-nut  kind.  It  abouuds  with 
iflhabitants,  and  the  men  appear  to  be 
remarkably  ftout  and  healthy. 

Tkneriffk,  a  townof  Santa  Martha 
a.id  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  iitua- 
ti-d  on  the  eaflern  bank  of  the  great  liv- 
er Santa  Martha,  below  ii3  confluence 
with  Madalena,  about  i.<5  miles  from 
the  city  of  Santa  Martha,  towards  the 
Ibuth,  the  road  from  which  capital  to 
Teneriftc  is  veiy  difficult  by  land,  but 
one  may  go  veiy  ealily  ancf  agreeably 
fiom  one  to  the  otlier  partly  by  lea,  and 
partly  by  the  abov^  mcnlionea  river. 

Tv-tiK Mil's' Harbour,  on  the  cohH  oF 
the  Diflrisft  of  Maine,  lies  about  three 
leagues  fiom  George's  Iflancis. 

TENNMissEE,  a  large,  beautiful,  and 
navigable  river  of  the  State  of  Teniuflce, 
called  by  the  French  Cl:crck:c,  and  ab- 
furdly  by  others, IIOj',ohej^ee  liver,  is  the 
largeit  branch  of  tiic  Ohio.  It  riles  in 
tiie  niouiuaitis  of  S.  Carolina,  in  about 
lat.  7,7,  and  purfues  a  courfe  of  i.b  ut 
icoo  miles,  fouth  and  touch  weil  nearly 
to  lat.  .■;4,  receiving  from  Ix^h  fdes  a 
numbei  of  hugf  '  ibutaiy  flicjin  s.  It 
then  wheels  about  to  the  north  in  a  ci'v 
cnif.ous  couife,  and  mlrples  wiili  the 
Ohio,  nearly  60  miles  ficm  its  nituth. 
It  is  navigal'Ie  for  vtlTels  of  grtat  bur- 
den to  the  Mt{fcie  Shouls,  15c  miies  from 
its  n.oulh.  It  is  ihcie  about  three  mi'es 
broad,  full  cf  finaJl  ifles,  and  only  pafl- 
ible  in  Imall  boats  or  batteaux.  From 
thefe  fboals  to  the  M'lirl,  ot  Suck,  the 
place  where  t!ie  river  is  contr;xt-i  to 
the  breadth  of  70  yards,  and  breaks 
through  the  Great  llidge,  or  Cun.ber- 
land  Mountain,  is  250  miles,  and  the 
navigation  for  large  boats  all  i»a  way 
excellent.  The  higheft  poirt  of  navi- 
gation ui'Cn  this  river  js  Tellico  Bbck- 
!iwv:c,  9C0  HiiLs  ftoinit&niuutli ;  ecord- 

inj( 


V 


1. 
Mr 


■% 


.}.       I 


'  'I  I 


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i 


t  E  N^ 

Ing  to  its  meanders.  It  receives  Holfton 
jiver  22  miles  below  Knoxville,  and 
then  running  weft  15  miles  receives  the 
Clinch.  The  other  waters  which  empty 
itito  Tenneflce.are  Duck  and  Elk  riv- 
ers, and  Crow  Creek,  on  the  one  fide  ; 
and  the  Occachappo,  Chickanwuga  and 
Miwaflce  livers  on  the  fouth  and  foiith- 
dftern  fide?.  In  the  TenneiTee  and  its 
upper  branches  arc  great  numbers  of^ 
»h,  fome  of  which  are  very  large  and 
of  an  excellent  flarour. .  The  river  to 
Whrch  the  name  Tenneilce  was  formerly 
confined,  is  that  part  of  it  vMch  runs 
northerlyi  and  receives  Holfton  river  20 
jtiilcs  below  Knoxville.  The  Coyeta, 
ChotH,  ^nd  Chilhawee  Indian  towns  are 
on  the  ^eft  fidfe  of  the  river  ;■  and  the 
TalafTe  town  on  th.e  eaft  fide. 

TENNJSSSEE,  oae  of  the  ttnitcd! 
Stites  of-  America,  and,  until  1796, 
called  •  the  Tenfwjffe  Government,  or 
Territoryof  the  United  States  Soiiii  of 
the  Ohio.  It  is  itv  lengtli-  406  miles, 
smd ;  in'breaf^h  ■  ip4;-  wtw6en  lat.  35 
and  36 '33. N.  and  long.  81  a8  and  9.1 
38  W.  K  is, bounded  Ni  by  Kentucky 
and  part  of  Virginia  ;  E.  by  North- 
Carolina  ;  S.  by  Georgia  ;•  W.  by  the 
Miflifippt.  It  is  divided/ into  3  diftrifts^ 
viz.  Wafhington,  Hamilton,  and  Mero, 
v/hich  are  lubdivided  into  13  counties, 
viz.  Walhingtor,  Sullivan,  Greene, 
Carter,  Hawkins,  Knox,  Jefferfon, 
Sevier,  Blount,  Grainger,  Davidfon, 
Sumner,  Rf.b'jrtfon,  and  Montgom'i- 
ry.  The  firft:  four  belong  to  Wafli- 
ington  diftri(5t,  the  next  nve  to  that 
of  Hamilton, -and  the  four  latter  toMC- 
ro  diltridl.  The  two  former  diftri<5ls 
atQ  di\"ided:^rom  the  latter,  by  an  unin- 
habited country  of  ox  r.-'ite*  in  extent ; 
that  is,  front  the  block-houfcs,  at  rlie 
point  formed  by  the  jnnt'lion  of  the 
rive'  Clircf  with  the  Tenneflee,  called 
South-Weft  Point,  to  Fort  Blonn*  upon 
Cumbciliind'river,  thfough  which  there 
U  a  waggon  ic\Ai  opened  in  the  fiim- 
mer  of  179.5.  There  arc  few  countries 
fo  well  watered'  with  rivers  and  creeks. 
The  principal  rivers  arr  tlic  Miifilippi, 
Tfonefi'ee,  Cumberl.ind.  Holfton,  and 
f  (?nch.  The  ^raft  cilled  the  Broken 
©round,  fends  immediately  into  the 
Milfifippi,  the  Wolf,  Hatclico,  Forked- 
Deer,  Obian  or  O'xian,  anrl  Reelfoot  ; 
v.'liich  arc  from  30  lo  80  "  irds  wide 
at  their  ntouths  ;  moft  of  the  rivers 
h.ive  exceedingly  rich  low  grounds,  at 
die  extremtty  gif  which   is  a  I'ecoad 


tfttf 

bank,  ai  on  moft  of  the  lands  of  the- 
Miffifippi.     Befides  thde  rivers,  dicre 
are  feveral  fmalUr  ones,  and  innumera- 
ble creeks,  fome  of  which  are  naviga- 
ble.   In  fliort,  there  is  hardly  a  fpot  in 
this  country,  which  is  upwards  of  ao 
milej  diftant  from  a  nav'gable  ftreara. 
The  chief  mountains  are  Stone,  Yellow, 
Iron,  Bald,  and  Uiiaka,  adjoining  to 
one  anothcr,froiii  the  eiftern boundary 
of  the  State,  and  fepiu«te  it  from  N. 
Carolina ;  their  direction  is  nearly  fron\ 
N.  E.  to  S.  W.     1  ,.e  other  mountains 
are  'Jlinch  and  Cumberland.     It  would 
require  a  volume  to  defcribe  the  moun- 
tains of  this  State,.above  half  of  which 
is  covered  with  thofe  that  are  uninhab- 
itable.    Some  of  thefe  mountains,  par- 
ticularly the  Cumberland,    or  Great- 
Laurel  Kidge,  are  the  moft  ftupendons 
piles    in    tiie    United  States.      They 
alx)und  with  ginfeng  and  coal.     The 
caverns  and  calcades  in  tliefe  mountains 
are  innumerable.  The  Enchanted  Moun- 
ttiin,  about  two  miles  fouth    of  Brufs- 
Town,  is  famed  for  the  curiofities  on  its 
rocks.     There  are  on  fcveral  rocks  a 
;iumber  of  impreflions  refembling  the 
tracks  of  turkies,  bears,  horfes,  and  hu- 
man beings,-  as  vilible  and  perfeft  as 
they  could  be  made  00  fnow  or  faod. 
The  litter  weVe  remarkable  for  havingf, 
uniformly  fix  toes  each ;  one  only  ex- 
cepted, which  appeared  to  be  the  print 
ot  a  negro's  foot.    By  this  we  muft: 
hilipofe  the  originalr  to  have  been  the 
progeny  of  Tiian  or  Anak.     One  -  i' 
thele  tracks  was  very  large,  tl  e  length 
of  the  foot  16  inches,  the  diftance  of 
the  extremes  of  the  outer  toes  13  inches, 
the  proximata breadth  behind  the  toes  f 
inches,  the  diameter  ol'  the  hcci  baii  5. 
One  of  the  horfie  nackl  was  like  wj<«-  of 
an  uncommon  liie,  the    '-'anfverfe  <ub4 
conjugate  diameters,  w«re  8  by  K^ineh* 
es ;  perhaps  the  horfe  which  the  Great 
Warrior  rode.    What  appears  »he  moft 
in  favour  of  their  being  the  real  tracks  of 
the  animals  they  reprefent^is  the  cir- 
cumftance  of  a  horfe's  foot  having  ap- 
parently flipped  feveral  inches,  and  re- 
coverea  again,  and  the  figures  haring' 
all  the  iame  dirctflion,  like  the  trail  of  a 
company  on  a  journey.    If  it  be  a  /fifur 
natura,  the  old  dame  never  fported 
more  feriouily.     If'  the  operation  of 
clunce,  pci  haps  tlicre  was  never  more 
apparent  defign.     If  it  were  done  by 
art,  it  might  be  to  perpetuate  tlie  re- 
membrance of  fome  rcoiarkable  e\enir 


c", 


•if  war,  or  engagement  fought  on  the  j 
^ground.    The  valt  heaps  of  Ikones  near 
ithe  place,  faid  to  be  tombs  of  warriors 
.ilain  in  battle,  feem  to  favour  the  fup- 
pofition.    The  texture  of  the  rocks  is 
!ibft.    The  part  on  which  the  fun  had 
the  greateft  influence,  and  which  was 
the  moft  indurated,  could  ealily  be  cut 
with  a  knife,  and  appeared  to  be  of  the 
nature  of  the  pipe  ftone.    Some  of  the 
Cherokees  entertain  an  opinion  that  it 
■always  rains  when  any  perfon  vifits  the 
place,  as  if  fynipathetic  nature  wept  at 
the  rf  colleiftion  of  the  dreadful  cataf- 
troph.   v  hich  thofe  figures  were  intend- 
ed to   commemorate.     The  principal 
towns  are  Knoxyille,  the  feat  of  gov- 
ernment, Nafhville,  and  Jonefborough, 
beiides  8  other  towns,  which  are  as  yet 
of   little   importance.      In  1791,    the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  elhmated  at 
3^,691.    In  November,  1795,  the  num- 
ber had  increafed  to  77,262  pcifons. 
The  foil  is  luxuriant,  and  will  a#ord  ev- 
:€ry  produdion,  the  growth  of  any  of 
*he  United  States.    The  ufual  crop  of 
cotton  is  800 Hi.  to  the  acre,  of  a  long 
and  fine  ftaple  ;   and  of  corn,  from  60 
(tn  80  bulhels.    It  is  aCTerted,  however, 
<thxt  the  lands  on  the  fmall  rivers,  that 
.empty  into  the  Miflilippi,  have  a  dccid- 
•ed  preference  to  thole  on  Cumberland 
river,  for  theprodudion  of  cotton,  rice, 
and  indigo.     Of  trees,   the   gcncul 
growth  is  .poplar,  hickony,  blact  and 
■^'/hite  walnut,  all  kind  of  oaks,  buck- 
eye, beech,  fycainore,  black  and  honey 
locuft,  afli,  horn-beam,  elm,  mulberry, 
cherry,  dogwood,    faflafras,   poppaw, 
.cucumber-tree,    and     the    fugar-treu. 
The  undergrowth,    efpecially  on  low 
laads,  is  cane ;  fome  of  wliich  are  up- 
v-ards  of  to  feet  high,  <wd  fo  tliick  as 
•»  prevent  ai>y  other  )  int  from  grow- 
if*iK,      Of  herbs,  roots,  lud  fhrubs,  there 
are  Virginia  and  Sene,  .  Ihakeroot,  gin- 
fenc,  angelica,  fpicc-'V' ood,  wild  plum, 
crab-applL',  fweet  anni  e,  red-bud,  gin- 
ger, fpikenard,  wild    jOj?  and    grape 
vines.     The  glades  are  covered  with 
wild  rye,    wild   o<Jts,    clover,  buffaloe 
^rafs,  llrawberncs  and  pea-vines.    On 
the  hills,  at  the  he;»d  of  rivers,  and  in 
fome  high  clifr«!  of  Cumberland,  arc 
found  III  tjeftic    red  redats ;   many  o\ 
itick  are  four  feet  in  diameter,   md  40 
feet  clear  of  limbs.    The  animals  aie 
fiyh  as  are  found  in  the  neighbouring 
State?.     The  rivers  arc  well  ftocked 
with  all  kinds  of  f  rcflj  witcr   (ilh ; 


amono;  which  are  trout,  perch,  eat-fifh, 
buftaloe-filh,  red-horlV,  eels,  &c.    Some 
cat-filh  have  been  caught  which  weigh- 
ed upwards  of  100  pounds.:  the  wett- 
ern  waters  being  more  clear  and  pure 
than  the  eaftern  rivers,  the  filh  are  ia 
the  fame  degree  .more  firm  and  favor^ 
to  the  tafte.    The  climate  is  temperate 
aiid  healthful;   the  fummers  are  very 
cool  and, plealhnt  in  that  part  which  is 
contiguous  to  the  mountains  that  divide 
this  State  from  N.  Carolina,;  but  on  the 
weftern  lide  of  the  Cumberland  Mourw 
tain  the  heat  is   more  intenfe,  which 
renders  that  part  better  calculated  for 
the  produdion  of  tobacco,  cotton  and 
indigo.      i,ime-ftone  is   common    on 
both  fides  of  Cumberland   Mountain. 
There  are   no  ftagnant    waters;  and 
this  is  certainly  one  of  the  rcafons  why 
the  inhabitants  arc   not  afflifled  with 
thofe   bilious  and  intermitting  fevers, 
which  are  fo  frequent,  and  of*;n  fatal* 
near  the  fame  latitude  on  the  coaft  of 
the  fouthein  States.     Whatever  may 
be  the  caufes,  the  inhabitants  have  been 
remarkably  healthy  fince  t!  ey  fettled 
on  the  waters  of  Cumberland   river* 
The    counti-y    abounds    witli   mineral 
fprings.     Salt  licks  are  found  in  myny 
parts  of  tile  country.    [See  CampMl''t 
Salines^    Iron  or«  abounds  in  the  (lit 
triifts  of  Wafliington  and  Hamilton,  and 
fine  ftreams  to  put  nor.-v.'orks  in  ope- 
raticn.    Iron  ore  was  laiei-y  difcovcred 
upon  the  fouth  of  Cumberland  river, 
about  30  milts  below  Niifliville,  .md  a 
furnace  is  now  eieifling.    Several  lead 
nines  haie  been  difcovcred,  and  one 
on  Frencli  Broad  has  been  worked ;  the 
ore  produced  75  per  cent,  in  pure  lead. 
The  Indians  fay  that  there  are  rich  fil- 
i;-er  minei)  in  Cumberland  Mountain,  but 
cannot  be  tcnipted  to  difcwer  any  of 
them  to  the  white  people.    It  is  laid 
tkat  gold  has  been  found  here ;  but  the 
mine  from  wJiich  that  metal  was  ox- 
tracled  is  now  unknown  to  the  white 
people.      Ores   and    fprings   ftrongly 
impregnated   with  fulphur   are  found 
in    various    parts.      Saltpetre     cave;; 
are   numerous  ;  and  in  the  courfe  oi' 
the  year  1796,  feveral  tons  of  faltpe- 
trc  were  fent  to  the  Atlantic  markets. 
This  country  furnilhes  all  the  valuable 
articles  of  the  fouthern  Slates.     Tine 
waj:!,gon  and  faddle  horfes,  beef  cattle, 
Rinicng,  decr-flcins  and  furs,   cotton, 
liomp,  and  flax,  may  be  traulporlcd  by 
land  i  alfo  iron,  lumber,  pork  tuA  Hour 

may 


»ii' 


Htn 


TEN 

maybe  exported  in  great  quantities, now 
that  the  navigation  of  the  Miflifippi  is 
opened  to  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States.  But  few  of  the  inhabitants  un- 
derftand  commerce,  or  are  pofleffed  of 
proper  capitals ;  of  couri'e  it  is  as  yet 
but  badly  managed.  However,  being 
now  an  independent  State,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  eyes  of  the  people  will 
loon  be  opened  to  their  true  intereft, 
and  agriculture,  commerce  and  manu- 
ia<5tures  will  each  receive  proper  atten- 
tion. The  Prcfbyterians  are  the  pre- 
1  iiiling  denomination  of  Chriftians  ;  in 
j:88,  they  had  23  large  congregations, 
■\vlio  were  then  fupplied  by  only  6  niin- 
ii>ers.  There  are  alfo  fome  Baptifts  and 
]\iethodifts.  The  inhabitants  have  paid 
gieat  attertion  to  the  intcrefts  of  fci- 
ence  ;  bclides  private  fchools,  there  are 
3  colleges  eltablifhcd  by  law  ;  Green- 
ville in  Green's  co.  Blount  at  Knoxville, 
and  Walhington  in  the  county  of  that 
name.    Here  is  l)^ewife  a  "  Society  for 

f)romoting  Ufeful  Knowledge."  Atafte 
i.ir  literature  is  dnily  incieahng.  The 
inhabitants  chiefly  emigrated  fromPenn- 
lylvania,  and  tint  pait  of  Virginia  that 
lies  we!>  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  1  he  ancef- 
tors  of  thefe  people  were  generally  of 
the  Scotch  nation  ;  fome  of  whom  em- 
igrated firil  to  IrelaiwH,  and  from  thence 
to  America.  A  few  Germans  and  Eng- 
Jifh  arc  intermixed.  In  1788,  it  was 
thought  there  were  10  white  perlbns  to 
one  negro  ;  and  tfy  difproportion  is 
thought  to  be  far  greater  now.  This 
country  was  meluded  in  the  ad  charter 
of  king  Charlc,  II.  to  the  proprietors  of 
Carolina.  In  a  fuWetjuent  divifion,  it 
made  n  part  of  N.  Candina,  It  was  ex- 
ptr^ed  about  the  year  1745,  and  fetded 
by  >>out  50  families  in  1 754  ;  who  were 
i"oo«»  after  driven  ofFc.  delboyed  by  the 
Indians.  Its  fcttlcment  rc-commcnced 
in  1 765.  The  firft  permanent  fettlement 
took  place  near  I>ong-!fland  of  Holfton, 
ind  upon  Watauga,  about  1774  ;  and 
file  firil-  appeal  ance  of  any  peribns  from 
it,  in  the  public  councils  of  N.  Caioiina, 
Was  in  the  convention  of  fhat  State  in 
1776.  In  thr  yr^r  178c,  n  party  of  a- 
bout  4ofanulu.s,  ui.dcrthe  guidance  and 
(fere^lion  at  Junes  Robertfon,  (lince 
Brig.  Gen.  Robertlbn  of  Mcio  diftrid) 
pailed  tbtwigli  a  wild^nefs  o'  it  leafr 
-)  miles  to  th'^  French  Lick,  and  there 
ndcd  Na#iv, ji«.  Their  neareft  neigh' 
Lours  were  the  ftrtlcrs  of  the  infant  State 
Ot  Kentucky,  between  whoiri  and  themj 


T  E  K 

WHS  a  wildemefs  of  aco  miles.  From 
the  year  1784,  to  1788,  the  government 
of  N.  Carolina  over  this  country  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  aflumed  State  of  Frank- 
land  ;  but  m  the  year  1789,  the  people 
returned  to  their  allegiance.  In  1789, 
N.  Carolina  ceded  this  territory  to  the 
United  States,  on  certain  conditions, 
and  Congrefs  provided  for  its  govern- 
ment. A  convention  was  held  at  Knox- 
ville, in  1796,  and  on  the  6th  of  Feb, 
the  conftitution  of  the  State  of  Tennef- 
fee  was  ligned  by  every  member  of  it. 
Its  principles  promife  to  enfure  the  hap- 
pinefs  and  profperity  of  the  people.  The 
following  are  the  aiftances  on  the  new 
road  from  Nafliville  in  Davidfon  co.  to 
Fort  Campbell,  near  the  junction  of  Hol- 
fton with  the  Tenneflee. 


From  Nalhville  to  Stoney  river 
Big  Spring 
Cedar  Lick 
Little  Spring 
Barton's  Creek 
Spiing  Creek 
Martin's  Spring 
Blair's  Spring 
Buck  Spring 
Fountaines  "^     •     ' 

Smith's  Creek 
Coney  River  * 

Mine  Lick 
Falling  Creek 
"W^ar  Path 
Bear  Creek 
Camp  Creek 
Iving's  Spring 
Grovet's  Creek 
The  foot  of  Cumberland 

Mountain 
Through  the  mountain  to 

Fmmery'sriver,abranch 

of  the  Pel»fon 
To  the  Fappa  Foid  of  the 

Pelefon  or  Clinch  river 
To    Campbell's   Station, 

near  Holftein 
To  the  Great  Ifland 
To  Abingdon  in  Walbing- 

ton  county 
To  Richmond  in  Virginia 


Miles. 

9 
6 

4 
6 

4 
5 
S 

.  i 

8 

.? 

9 
9 
7 

xS 
g 

16 
7 

i 


It 

10 

loo 

Id 


By 


Total  6^5 

this  new  road,  a  pleafant  paflage 


may  be  had  to  the  wcftern  country  with 
caniages,  as  thort  wJI  be  >.»nly  the 
Cumberland  mountain  to  pafs,  and  that 
is  cafy  of  afcent ;  and  beyond  it,  the 
road  is  generally  level  iind  ium,  abound' 


T  E  R 

ing  with  fine  fprings  of  water.  The 
Indian  tribes  within  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  this  State  are  tlie  Cherokces  and 
Chickafaws. 

I'tNSAW,  a  ftttlement  near  Mobile 
Bay,  inhabited  by  90  American  families, 
that  have  been  Spanifh  fubjeds  fince 

1783- 

'lEOWENisTA  Creeif  runs  foutherly 
about  a8  miles,  then  wefterly  6  miles, 
and  empties  into  Alleglwny  river  about 
18  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  nearly  5 
below  the  Hickory  town. 

Tepeasa,  a  town  of  Mexico.  Sec 
Jngelos. 

T6c»UAjo,  or  Ti/juajt  a  proinnce  of 
Mexico  ;  according  to  Ibme  Sjianifli 
travellers,  being  about  lat.  37,  where 
they  found  16  villages. 

Tequ  E  p  A,  a  pai  t  of  the  coaft  of  New- 
Mexico,  about  18  leagues  N.  W.  of 
Acapulco. 

Te QUERY  Bay,  on  the  fouth-Gaft 
part  of  the  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
beiween  Cape  Cruiz,  and  Cape  Maizi, 
at  the  eaft  end.  It  affords  good  anchor- 
age and  Ihelter  for  Ihips,  but  is  not 
mucii  frequented. 

Ter  m  i^  a.  Lacuna,  or  Lake  of  Tides, 
lies  at  tlie  bottom  of  the  Gulf  of  C  -n- 
peachy,  in  the  fouth-weft  part  of  ;.e 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  within  Triclle 
and  Beef  Ifland,  and  Port  Royal  liland. 
The  tide  mns  very  hard  in,  at  molt  of 
the  channels  between  the  iflands ;  hence 
the  name. 

Ter  R  A  Bla/jca,  a  town  of  Mexico. 
See  A?igelcs. 

T  t  K  R  A  de  Lat  niton,  that  is,  the  Phii^h- 
vtan  or  Labourer's  Laud,  the  name  giv- 
en by  the  Spaniards  to  Labrador  or  New- 
Britain,  inhabited  by  the  Efquimaux. 

Terra  del  Fuego  IJland.  or  Lard  of 
Fire,  at  the  fouth  extremity  of  S.  Am'- 
rica,  is  feparat^d  from  the  main  on  the 
N.  by  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  con- 
tains about  42,000  fquur;  miles.  This 
i$  the  largeft  of  the  iilandv  fouth  of  the 
Strait^-,  and  they  receive  this  name  on 
<i'  count  of  the  vaft  fires  and  fmoke 
which  thf  'irft  difcoverers  of  them  per- 
ceived The  iflp.nd  of  Staten  Land  lies 
on  the  v*V!,  They  are  all  barren  and 
mountainoui ;  •>»♦  th^e  ha\  c  been  tbiind 
feveral  forts  of  trce«  and  p!.ints,  and  a 
viiriety  of  birds  on  tb<;  lower  grounds 
and  illands  that  are  Ihcitercd  by  the 
hills.  Heie  are  found  Winter's  bark, 
and  a  fpecies  of  arbutus  which  has  a 
vuy  well  tailed  red  fruit  of  tl:e  fjio  of 


TER 

fmall  cherries.  Pleniv  of  cellcry  is  found 
in  fome  places,  and  the  rocks  ai  c  cover- 
ed with  very  fine  mufclcs.  A  fpecies  of 
duck  as  large  as  a  gooU;,  and  cal!"d  the 
loggerhead  duck  at  the  Falkland  Klands, 
is  here  met  with,  whi^h  biats  the  water 
with  its  wings  and  feet,  and  runs  along 
the  lea  with  inconceivable  velocity  ; 
and  there  are  alfo  geefc  and  falcons. 

Terra  Fir  ma,  or  Caji'de  dd  Oroy 
the  moft  northern  piovince  of  b.  Ame- 
rica, 1,400  miles  in  length,  and  700  in 
breadth  ;  (ituattd  between  the  equator 
and  li  N.  lat.  and  between  60  and  8x 
W.  long,  bounded  N.  by  the  N.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  here  called  tiie  North  ^ta,  E. 
by  the  I'arne  ocean  aiid  Surijiam,  i-.  by 
Amazonia  and  Peru,  and  W.  by  the  N. 
Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  called  Terra  Firma 
fron:  being  t  he  firft  part  of  the  continent 
diftovered  by  the  Mpaniaids,  and  is  di- 
vided into  Tei  ra  Frrma  Pi  opcr,  or  Da- 
rien,  Carth;igena,  St.  Martha,  Venezu- 
ela, Comana,  Paria,  New  Granada,  and 
Popayan.  The  chief  towns  are  Porto 
Bello,  Panama,  Carthagena,  :'.nd  Popay- 
an. The  p'-incipal  bays  of  this  prov- 
ince in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  are  thofc  of 
Panama  and  St.  Mi'ch.iel,  in  the  North 
Sea,  Porto  Bello,  Sino,  Guiara,  &.c.  The 
chief  rivers  are  the  Darien,  Chngre,  San- 
ta  Maria,  Conception,  and  C>onoko. 
The  climate  here,  elpecially  \n  the 
northern  parts,  is  extremely  hot  and 
fultry  during  the  whole  year.  From  tlie 
month  of  May,  to  the  end  of  Nov.  the 
fcafbn  called  winter  by  the  inhabitants, 
i^i  ainioft  a  continual  fuccefTion  of  thun- 
der, rain  and  tempefls,  the  clouds  pre- 
cipitating the  rain  with  fuch  impetuofi- 
ty,  that  die  low  lands  exhibit  thi-  ap- 
pearance of  an  ocean.  Great  part  of 
tlie  country  is  confequently  flooded  ; 
and  this,  together  with  the  excelFiveheat, 
fb  impregnates  the  earth  with  vapours, 
that  in  many  provinces,  particularly 
about  Popayan  and  Porto  Bello,  the  air 
is  extremely  unwholefome.  The  foil  of 
this  country  is  very  different,  the  inland 
parts  being  v.'ry  rich  and  fertile,  and 
the  coafts  l;;ndv  and  barren.  It  is  im- 
pofTiblc  to  view  with(Ait  admiration,  the 
perpetual  verdure  of  die  woodi,  die 
luxuriancy  of  the  plains,  and  chf  tower- 
ing hetgtit  of  the  mountains.  This 
counti  V  pvoiiuces  corn,  fugar,  tobacco, 
(Xc.  and  frui'a  of  all  kinds,  i  his  i)art 
of  S.America  wasdifcovered  by  Colum- 
bus in  his  third  voyage  to  Amci  k:u  It 
was  iubdued  and  killed  by  the  Si^an- 

iiUas 


»>'i»'? 


1::* 


T  E  R 


T  E  R 


m 


I  fj 


4ards  about  the  year  15 14,  after  deflroy- 
ing,  with  great  inhumanity,  I'everal  mil- 
lions of"  the  natives. 

Terra  Fjrma  Proper.,  or  Darietty  a 
filbcliviljon  of  rerraFirma.  Chief  towns, 
J*orto  Beilo,  and  Panama.    S«e  Tiarien. 

Th9.«.\  Magellaitica.  See  Patagonia. 

Tkrra  Nleva,  near  Hudibn's  Straits, 
is  in  lat.  61  4  N.  and  long.  67  W.  high . 
water,  at  full  and  change,  a  little  before 
10  o'clock. 

TERRITORY  North-Wtjl ^f  the  O- 
hiot  or  North-Wejiertt  Territory^  a  large 
part  of  the  United  States,  is  fituated  be- 
tween 37  and  50  N.  lat.  and  between 
Si  8  and  98  8  W.  long.  Jts  greateU 
Itngtli  is  about  900  niiles,  and  its  oreadtli 
700.  This  extenlive  trui^t  of  country  is 
bounded  north  by  part  of  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  the  United  States ;  eaft 
by  the  lakes  and  Pennfylvania ;  Ibuth  by 
the  Ohio  river ;  v/e!l  by  the  Millilippi. 
Mr.  Hutchins,  the  late  geographer  of 
the  United  States,  eftimates  that  t;his 
tradl  contains  463,040,000  acre;s,  of 
which  43,040,000  are  water?  this  de- 
<.lufted,  there  will  remain  220,000,000 
of  acres,  belonging  to  the  FQdcml  Gov- 
ernment, to  be  folil  for  the  difcharge  of 
the  national  debt ;  excepc  a  narrow  ftrip 
of  land  bordering  on  the  fouth  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  ftretching  lao  miles  well  of 
the  weftern  limit  of  Pennfylvania,  which 
belongs  to  Connc<5Hcut.  Jtut  a  fnr.all 
portion  of  thefe  lands  is  yet  purchafed 
xjf  the  natives,  and  to  be  dilpoied  of  by 
^ongrefs.  Beginning  on  the  meridian 
line,  which  forms  the  weftern  boundary 
of  Pennfylvania,  feven  ramges  of  town- 
ihips  have  been  lurreyed  and  laid  ofF  by 
jorder  of  Congrefs.  As  a  north  and 
ibuth  line  ftrikes  the  Oliio  in  an  oblique 
dircdlion,  the  termination  of  the  7th 
range  falls  upon  that  river,  9  miles  above 
the  Mulkingum, -which  is  the  lirft  large 
river  that  falls  into  the  Ohio.  It  forms 
this  junction  17a  milt'  '»elow  Fort  Pitt, 
includni^  the  windings  of  the  Ohio, 
t'  >ugIi,ioadirei5lline,  it  is  but  00  miles. 
'1  hat  part  ol  this  territory  in  which  the 
Indian  title  is  extinguilhed,  and  uhich 
is  i«tt)if»g  under  the  government  >f  the 
l'wt«.d  States,  lb  divided  into  fiv;.  coun- 
t*c»  as  follows : 


^Whin«con, 
HamiltfM), 

St.  a»r, 

Knox. 
Wayne, 


'\\"hen  ereflfd. 
1788  July   a6th. 
1790  Jan.      ad. 
1790  April  »7th. 
J  790  Jvine  aoth. 
I70<). 


Thefe  ceunties  have  been  ergaiiizej 
with  tlie  pioper  civil  and  military  offi. 
cers.    The  county  of  St.  Clair  is  divid- 
ed into  three  diftri^s,  viz.  the  diltri*^: 
of  Cahokia,  the  diftriit  of  Prairie-du-ro- 
chersj  and  the  diftrift  of  Kalkaflcia^. 
Courts  ot  general  quarter  feiBons  of  the 
peace,  county  courts  of  common  plea^ 
and  courts  of  probtit  -,  to  be  held  in 
each  of  thefe  difl:ri<5ts,  as  if  each  was  a 
diftinft   county  j   the   officers  of  chfi 
county  to  aft  by  deputy,  except  in  the 
dillrift  where  they  reliae.    The  princi- 
pal rivers  in  this  territory  are  Mufkin- 
gum,  Hockhocking,  Sciota,  Great  and 
Little  Miami,  B^ie  and  Wabaih,  whicb 
empty   into    the     Ohio  j     Au   Vafe, 
Illinois,    Ouifconfing,     and     Chippe- 
way,  \yhich  pay  tribute   to  the  MilFi.. 
lippi,   belides    a   number   of   fmalliy 
ones.     St.  Lewis,  Kennomic,  St,  Jo- 
fepli's,  flarbue.  Grand,  Miami  of  the 
Lakes,  Sat^duflcy,  Cayahoga,  and  nia- 
ny   others   which  pafs   to  the    lakes. 
Between  tiie  Kafltafliias  and  Illinois  riv- 
ers, which  are  84  miles  apart,  is  an  ex- 
tenfive  traft  of  lev  •?!,  rich  land,  whiclj 
terminates  in  a  high  ridge,  about  \$ 
miles  before  you  reach  the  Illinois  river. 
In  this  delightful  vale,  are  .1  number  of 
French  villages,  which,  together  with 
thofe  of  St.  Genevieve,  and  St.  Louis, 
on  the  weftern  (iJe  of  the  Milfifipp^ 
contained,  in  1771,  1273  fenciblc  men. 
The  number  of  Ibuls  in  this  large  trad 
of  country,  has  not  been  afcertained. 
From  the  beft  data  the  author  has  re- 
ceived,  the  population  may  be  eftimated, 
live  years  .ago,  as  follows  : 
Indians,     (liippofe)         65,000 
OhioCempany  purchafe,    4,500 
Col.SymmesTcttlements,  3,000 
Giilliopolis,(French  let-'J> 
tlements)  oppofite  the>- 
Kanhaway  rive  ^ 

Vinccnnes  and  itt  /icin- ) 
ny,  on  the  Wabaih,    \ 
Kamaikias  rtn,i  Cal  ukia. 
At  (jrrA..d  Rui  >eau, 
lage  .     Si.  Phil 
Prasri  -du-vochers 


va:  uKia, 
eau,  vil-"^ 
lip,  and^ 

iifs,      3 


1,000 

1,500 
6^0 

2 10 


do. 
dv« 

dOp 


do, 
1790. 

do. 


73»fl20 


Total 

In  1790,  there  were  in  the  tow  u  of  Vin- 
cenne»,  about  40  A  nerican  fimilies  and 
31  (laves,  and  on  thi  Miflifi^ji,  4P 
American  families  and  73  (laves,  "II 
included  in  the  above  <  ftimatt.  On 
the  SpaniOi  01  w-ftern  fide  of  the  Mif- 
lifippio  there  wcte,  in  179  .  about  1800 

fouls, 


jbuls,  principally  at  Genevieve,  and  St. 
Louis.    The  lands  on  the  various  rivcra 
■which  water  this  territory,   arc  intcr- 
fpevfed   with  all  the  variety  of  foil 
^hich  conduces  to  pleafantncfs  of  fitu- 
ation,  and  lays  the  foundation  for  the 
wealth  of  an  ;;gricultural  and  manufac- 
turing people.     Large  level  bottoms,' 
Or  natural  meadows,  from  ao  to  50 
miles  in  circuit,  are  found  bordering 
the  rivers,  and  variegating,  tbs  country 
ih  the  interior  parts.     Thei'e  afiFord  as 
rich  a  foil  as  can  be  imagined,  and 
iliay  be  reduced  to  proper  cultivation 
witn  very  little  labour.    The  prevailing 
growth  of  timber,  and  the  more  ufeful 
trees,  are  maple  or  fugar-tree,  fycamore, 
black  and  white  mulberry,  black  and 
White  walnut,  butternut,  chefnut ; white, 
black,  Spanirti,  and  chefnut  oaks,  hic- 
kory, cherry,  budkv/ood  or  horfe  chcf- 
liut,  honey-loouft,  elm^  cucumber  tree, 
lynn  tree,  gum  tree,  iron  wood,  a(h, 
alpm,  faflafras,  ciab-appletree,  paupaw 
or  cuftard  apple,  a  variety  of  plum  trees, 
nine  bark  ipicc,  and  leather  wood  bufh- 
es.    White  and  black  oak,  and  chelhut, 
•\yith  mod  of  the  above-mentioned  lim- 
bers, grow  large  and  plenty  upon  the 
high  grounds.     Both  the  high  and  low 
fends  produce  gteat  quantities  of  natural 
grapes  of  various  kinds,  of  which  tlie 
iettlers  univerfally  make  a  fufficiency 
fbr  their  own  coniuniption,  of  rich  red 
^ine.     It  is  afleried  in  the  old  fettle- 
mcnt  of  St.  Vincent,  where  they  ba?e 
had  opportunity  to  try  it,  that  age  will 
render  this  wine  preferable  to  moft  of 
the  European  wipes.     Cotton  is  faid  to 
be  the  natural  produAion  of  this  coun- 
try, and  to  grow  iu  great  perfciftion. 
Tne  fugar  maple  is  the  moft  valuable 
tree,  for  an  inland  country.    Any  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  may  be  forever  fup- 
plied  widi  a  fufficiency  of  fugar,  by  prt- 
icrving  a  few  tices  tor  the  ufe  of  each 
family.     A  tree  will  yield  about  ten 
pounds  of  fugar  a  year,  and  the  labour 
is  very  trifling.    Springs  of  excellent 
water  abound  in  this  territory  \    and 
fraall  and  large  ftreams,  for  mills  and 
other  purpofes,  are  aftually  interfperf- 
ed,  as  if  by  art,  thut  there  be  no  defi- 
ciency in  any  of  the  conveniencies  of  life. 
Very  little  wafte  land  is  to  be  found  in 
any  part  of  this  traft  of  country.   There 
are  no  fwamps  but  fuch  as  may  be  rea- 
dily drained,  and  made  into  arable  and 
meadow  land ;  and  though  the  hills  are 
£r«qucnt,  they  are  gentle,  and  I'welling 


T  E  « 

no  where  high  or  incapable  of  till.ip;*-,- 
'J  hey  are  of  a  ik-qi  ncii  loiJ,  covrretl 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  and 
well  adapted  to  the  pioduAion  of  wheat» 
rye,  indigo,  tobacco,  &c.    The  com- 
munication between  this  count.y  and 
the  fea,  will  be  princip.Jly  in  the' 4  fld- 
lowing directions:  i.'l'he route tlirouph 
the   Scioto    and  Mufkingum  to  LaI.e 
Erie,  and  fo  to  the  river  lludfon ;  dc- 
fcribed  under  New- York  Head.    2.  The 
pafFage  up  the  Ohio  and  Monongahtit 
to  the  portage  afcove  mentioned,  which 
leads  to  the  navigable  waters  of  the  l>a- 
towmack.   Thi^  portage  is  30  miles,  and 
will  probably  be  rendered  much  lels  by 
the  execution  of  the  pl;tns  now  on  fo(it 
for  opening  the  navigation  of  thole  wa- 
ters.-   3.  I'he  Great  Kanhaway,  which' 
falls  into  th-c  Ohio  fioni  the  Virginia 
fliorc,  between  the  Ilockhocking  and' 
the  Scioto,  opens  an  extenfive  naviga- 
tion from  the  fouth-ealf ,  and  leaves  but 
18  miles  portage  from  the  navigable  wa- 
ters of  James'  river,  in  Virginia.    This 
communication,  for  the  country  between 
Mufkingum  and  Scioto,  will  probably 
be  more  uied  than  any  other  for  the  ex- 
portatifjn  of  niaunfaitures,  ?nd  other 
light  and  valuable  articles,  and  efpecial- 
ly,  for  the  importation  of  foreign  com- 
modirics,  which  may  be  brought  from 
the  ehefapeak  to  the  Ohio  much  cheap- 
er than  they  are  now  carried  from  Phil- 
adelphia   10   Carlifle,    n.nd    the   other 
thick  fettled  back  counties  oi  Pennlyl- 
vania.*     4.  Bui  vht  current  down  the 
Ohio  and  Mifliiip'  ,  for  heavy  arucle« 
that  i'uit  ihe  Fio.Ja  and  Weft-India 
markets,  fuch  as  corn,  flour,  beef,  lum- 
ber, 8cc.  will  be  more  frequendy  load- 
ed than  any  ftreams  on  earth.     The 
diftance  from  the  Scioto  to  the  Miflilip- 
pi,  is  800  miles  ;  from  thence  to  the  fea» 
IS  qoo.     1  his  whole  courfe  is  eafily  run 
in  15  days ;    and  ihe  pafliige  up  thofe 
nvers  is  not  fo  difficult  as  has  ufui.!ly 
been  repffer.'cd.    It  n  found,  by  late 
experimc'  it",  that  fails  are  ufed  to  great' 
.dvantan,.  againft  the  current  of  the  O- 
iiio  ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  obfcrvation^^ 
that  in  all  prt)bability  fteam  boats  will 
be  found  tr  do  infinite  fervice  in  all  our 
extenfive  river  navigation.     No  coun- 
try is  l)etter  ftocked  with  wild  game 
of  every  kind.     Tlie  rivers  aVe  wdi 
ftored  with  fifh  of  various  kinds,  and 

many 

♦  A  gentleman  of  much  obfcrvation,  and  t  yrert 
traveller  in  this  tountry.  Is  of  opinion  tJat  ihto 
fjir.nU'n'KaUin,  or  Toait,  b  diin^criuU. 


.1^1 


i 


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T  E  R 

many  of   them   are  of  an  excellent 
quality.      They  arc    generally  large, 
though  of  different  (lies  ;   the  cat-filh, 
which  is  the  iargell,  and  of  a  delicious 
flavour,  weigln  f'lom  6  to  So  pounds. 
The  number  of  old  forts,  found  in  this 
wertern  country,  iire  the  admiration  of 
the  curious,  and  a  matter  of  much  fpcc- 
ulation.     They  are  moftly  of  an  oblong 
form,  fituated  on  ftrong,  well  choien 
ground,     and    contiguous    to    water. 
When,  by  whum,  and  for  what  purpofe, 
thel'e  were  thiown   up,   is  uncertain. 
They  are  undoubtedly  very  ancient,  as 
there  is  not  the  leaft  vidble  difference  in 
the  age  or  fizc  of  the  timber  growing  on 
or  within  thefc  torts,  and  that  wliich 
grows  without ;   and  the  oldelt  natives 
have  loll  all  tradition  rcfpecting  them. 
The  pofts  eflablifhed  for  the  protedtion 
of  the  frontiers,  and  their  lituation,  may 
l)e  feen  on  the  map.    By  an  ordinance 
t>f  Congrefs,  pafled  on  the  j^th  of  July, 
1787,  this  country,  for  the  purpofes  of 
temporary  government,  was  ereded  in- 
to one  diltriiff ,  lubjedl,  however,  to  a di- 
vifion,  when  circumllances  Ih^ll  make  it 
expedient.    The  ordinance  of  Congrefs, 
of  July  13th,  1787,  article  5th,  provides 
that  there  fhall  be  formed  in  this  territo- 
ry, not  lefs  tlian  three,  nor  more  than 
five  States;  and  the  boundaries  of  the 
States  fhall  become  fixed  and  eilablifhed 
as  follows,  viz,  tlie  weilern  State  in  the 
faid  territory  fl\all  be  bounded  on  the 
MilTiiippi,  the  Ohio  and  VV;ibalh  rivers ; 
a  direct  line  drawn  from  the  Wabalh 
and  Pofl  Vincents  due  north  to  the  ter- 
ritorial line  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  and  by  the  faid  territorial 
ime  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Mif- 
fifippi.       The   middle    Stale  fhall   be 
bounded  by  the  faid  direct  line,  the  Wa- 
bafli  from  Poll  Vincents  to  the  Ohio  ; 
by  the  Ohio  by  a  direct  line  diawn  due 
north  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Mi- 
irfui  to  the  iaid  territorial  line,  and  by 
the  faid  territorial  line.     The  eaftern 
State  fliall  be  bounded  by  the  lafl  men- 
tioned dired  line,  tlu;  Oiiio,  Pennfylva- 
nia,  iad  the  faid  Lcrritorial  line :  Provi- 
ded aiyw'ver,  and  it  is  further  under- 
{lood  and  declared,  that  the  boundaries 
It  ihefe  3  States i.uii  be  fuhjed  fo  far  to 
be  aluircd,  that  »  Copgrcfs  hereafter 
Hull  find  it  expedient,  they  l.iall  have 
audiority  u>  form  1  or  2  States,  in  that 
part  of  Uk  laid  territory  whicli  lies  N. 
e^an  E.  and  W.  line  drawn  through  the 
ibttdu'riy  bend  orcxu«nie  ot  Laic  Mi- 


T  E  R 

chlgan  ;  and  when  any  of  the  faid  StatcJ 
ftiall  kave  60,000  free  inhabitants  then  • 
in,fuch  State  fhall  be  admitted  by  its  del- 
egates into  the  Congrefs  of  the  United 
States,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  orig- 
inal States  in  all  refpe«Jts  whatever ;  and 
fhall  be  at  liberty  to  form  a  permanent 
conftitution    and    State    government  ; 
provided  the  conftitution  and  govern- 
ment fo  to  be  formed  fhall  be  republican, 
and  in  conformity  to  the  principles  con- 
tained in  thefe  articles,  andfo  far  as  it  can 
be  confiflent  with  the  general  intereft  of 
the  confederacy,  fuch  admiflion  fhall  be 
allowed  at  an  earlier  period,  and  when 
there  may  be  a  lefs  i,  amber  of  free  in- 
habitants in  the   State,    than    6o,oco. 
See  ff<e  Map.     The  fettlcment  of  this 
country  has  been  checked,  for  feveral 
years  paft,  by  the  unh;'.ppy  Indian  war, 
an  amicable  termination  of  which  tooic 
place  on  the  3dof  Augufl,  1795,  when 
a  treaty  was  formed  at  Grenville,  be- 
tween Major  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
Chiefs  of  the  following  tribes  of  Indians, 
viz.  the  Wyandots,  Delawares,  Shawa- 
noes,    Ottawas,    Chippewas,    Putawa- 
times,  Miamis,  Eel  river,  Weeas,  K'ck- 
apoos,  Pian-Kafhaws  and    Kafkafldas- 
By  the  third  article  of  this  treaty,  the 
Indians  cede  to  the  United  5?tates,  for  a 
valuable  corJidcration,  all  lands  lying 
eaflward  and  Southward  of  a  line' "be- 
ginning at  the  mouth  of  Cayahoga  riv- 
er, and  running  thence  up  the  fame  to 
the  portage  between  that  and  the  Tuf- 
carawas  branch  of  the   Mufliingum  ) 
thence  down  that  branch  to  the  crofTmg 
place  above  Fort  Lawrence  }    thence 
weflerly  to  a  fork  of  that  branch  of  the 
great  Miami  river,  running  into  the  O- 
hio,  where  commences  the  portage  be- 
tween tlie  Miami  of  the  Ohio,  and  St. 
Mary's  river,  which  is  a  branch  of  the 
Miami  of  the  lake  ;  dience  a  wefterly 
courfe  to  Fort  Recovery,  which  ftands 
on  a  branch  of  the  Wabafh,  then  fouth- 
weflerly  in  a  direft  line  to  the  Ohio,  fo 
as  to  interfeft  that  river  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Kentucky  or  Catawa  river." 
Sixteen  iridfs  of  land  of  6  and  rz  milc^ 
fquaie,  iiUerfperfl-d  at  conven'.'nt  dii- 
tances  in  the  Indian  country,  were,  by 
the  lame  treaty,  "ded  to  the  Unite' 
States,  for  the  convenience  of  keepini^ 
up  a  friendly  and  bcnelicial  intercouri.' 
between  the  parties.  The  United  States 
on  their  part,  "  relinquifli  their  claims  t'> 
all  other  Indiins  lands  northward  f)f  ti- 
ll vu 


:he  faid  Statd 
bitants  then  - 
tedbyitsdel- 
1"  the  United 
with  the  orig- 
hatcver ;  and 

a  permanent 
governrtK'Ht  ; 

and  govern- 
be  republican, 
•rinciples  con- 
lib  far  as  it  can 
iral  intereft  of 
fiiffion  (hall  be 
jd,  and  when 
er  of  free  in- 
than  6o»oco. 
cment  of  this 
d,  for  feveral 
y  Indian  war, 
•)(  which  tooic 

'i  i79.?»  when 
Grenville,  be- 
ny  Wayne,  on 
ates,  and  the 
bcs  of  Indians, 
tvarcs,  Shawa- 
was,  Putawa- 
Weeas,  K'ck- 
d  Kafkafkias. 
his  treaty,  the 
d  States,  for  a 
II  lands  lying 
of  a  line"  "be- 
Cayahoga  riv- 
p  the  fame  to 
:  and  the  Tuf- 

Mufldngam  ; 
to  the  crofRng 
nee  5    thence 

branch  of  the 
ig  into  the  O- 
le  portage  be- 
Ohio,  and  St. 
L  branch  of  the 
dce  a  wefteriy 

which  ttands 
fh,  then  fouth- 
0  the  Ohio,  lc> 
r  opposite  the 
Catawa  river." 
5  and  XI  mik"? 
lonven'.'nt  dit- 
itry,  were,  by 
to  the  Unite' 
ce  of  keeping 
;ial  intcrroorie 
!  United  State?, 

fherr  claims  to 
rthwiifdoftl- 
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Ct'^S.'dro'illD,'*'*"''" ,    ""^ WoL«»*  •       . 
S;Euft»t|iB«  ^srchriftopheriJE.*? 

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Bay 


Irter  Ohio,  eaftward  of  the  Mififippi, 
r—y-  -»™  and  wefttVard  and  Southward  of  the 
/'  T.^!  Great  Lakes  uiid  the  wiur.rs  uniting 
them,  according  to  the  boundary  line 
agreed  on  by  the  United  States  and  the 
king  of  Grcat-JJrituin,  in  the  treuty  of 
peace  made  between  them  in  the  yjar 
1783.  But  fiom  this  reiinquifhincnt, 
by  the  United  States,  the  following 
traifls  of  land  are  explicitly  excepted. 
lft._  The  trail  of  150,000  acres  near  the 
^-  rapids  of  the  Ohio  river,  which  h.is  been 
3/  K  ■  aUigned  to  Geo.  Clark,  for  thf  ufc  of 
hinifclf  and  his  warriors,  ad.  The  poll 
of  St.  Vincents  on  the  river  Wabafh, 
and  the  lands  acjjacent ;  of  which  the 
Indian  title  has  been  extinguidu  il.  3d. 
The  land  at  all  other  places  in  poUjflion 
of  the  French  people  :ind  otlicr  white 
fetilers  among  tlicni,  of  which  tlu  In- 
dian tide  has  been  extingiiithcvi,  as  men- 
tioned  ia  the  third  article;  and  4th. 
The  port:  of  Fort  Md/lac,  towards  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio.  To  which  fcveral 
parcels  of  land  fo  excepted,  the  faid 
tribes  relinquiih  all  viie  title  and  claim 
which  they  or  aiiv  of  them  may  have." 
poods  to  the  value  of  ao,ooo  dolls,  wwe 
delivered  the  Indians  at  the  time  this 
treaty  was  made  ;  and  goods  to  the  a- 
mount  of  9,500  dolls,  at  firft  coft  in  the  U. 
States,  are  to  be  delivered  annually  to  the 
Indians  at  Ibme  convenient  place  north- 
tvard  of  the  Ohio.  A  trade  has  been  o- 
pened,  fince  this  treaty,  by  a  law  of  Con- 
urefs,  with  the  forementioiied  tiibcs  of 
Tadians.on  a  liberal  footing,  which  prom- 
*)««»|»  Conifl  "^  ^"  &)'^  ;    nnanency  to  tirs  treaty, 

au  '  fecurity  ti>  the  frontier  in.jabitants. 

x^KSTicos,  lilands  near  the  oafl:  of 
Ntw  And.(!ufia,  in  Terra  Firma,  ^n  the 
Ibuth  coall  of  the  Caribbean  ^ea,  m  the 
WeR-Indiev  Sev  rul  fmall  iilands  at 
the  call  end  of  the  iiland  of  Margarita 
lie  between  that  iiland  an'i  hofe  called 
Tcfligos.     N.  lat.  1 1  6,  W.  'onjj.  6r  48. 

Tf.tero A  Harbour  on  th.  W.  liii  ■  of 
the  ifland  0'  Ulietea,  one  '>f  the  Sock  'y 
Iflands.    S.  I  It.  16  5 1,  VV.  long.  15 1  1 7. 

Tethuroa,  an  iiland  in  the  6.  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  about  24  miles  fro:-n  Point 
Venus  in  the  iiland  of  Otalieilc.  3.  iat. 
174,  \V.  lom^  149  30', 

Tetzeu TO,  a  brackilh  lake  in  Mex- 
ico.    See  Mexico. 

TEUSHAVUSHSONa-GOCHTA,an  In- 

cGan  village  on  the  northern  bank  of  Al- 
leghany river,  in  Pennfylvania,  5  railed 
north  of  the  Ibuth  hue  of  the  State,  and 
14  £.  S.  £.  of  Chatougtique  Lake. 


ftAmbeil 

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Britiik  ith.'J'i'  yf«;*_ 


t  H  O 

Tf.wksburv,  called  by  the  Tnclianj, 

Wainrif,  or.  Pa  ■■:tukc%  a  townlhip  of 
Maffachulctts,  Niiddldl'X  co.  on  Con- 
cord liver,  near  its  jundion  with  Merri- 
mack river,  24  miles  nunherly  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  ih  1734,  and 
contains  958  inhabitants. 

Tewksbi;rv,  a  township  of  New- 
Jerfey,  Hunterdon  co.  The  townlhips 
of  Lebanon,  Readington,  and  Tewkf- 
bury  contain  4,370  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 268  (laves. 

Thames  River,  in  Connedticut,  i=! 
formed  by  the  union  of  Shetucket  and 
Little,  or  Norwich  rivers,  at  Norwich 
Landing,  to  whicli  place  it  is  navigable 
for  veffcls  of  confiderablc  burden  ;  and 
thus  far  the  tide  flows.  F'  <>m  this  place 
the  Thames  purfues  a  foutherly  courfe 
14  miles,  parting  by  New-London  oh 
its  weft  bank,  and  empties  into  Long- 
Iiland  Sound  ;  forming  the  Une  haiboitt 
of  New-London. 

Thatcher's  IJIand,  lies  ah'>ut  a 
mile  eaft  of  the  fouth-eaft  point  of  Cape 
Ann,  on  the  coaft  of  ^Tafl'achufetts,  and 
forms  the  northeu.  i.mit  of  Maflachu- 
fetts  Bay  ;  and  has  a  light  houfjs.  Cape 
Ann  light-houfe  lies  in  lat.  43  36  north, 
and  long.  70  47  woft, 

Theakiki,  the  caftorn  he-id  water 
of  lUinois  river,  rifes  about  8  miles  S. 
of  Foit  St.  Jiileph.  After  running  thro' 
rich  and  level  lands,  about  iii  miles, 
it  receives  Picin  river  in  Lit.  41  48  N. 
and  from  thence  the  confluent  ftream 
affumes  the  name  of  Illinois.  In  fomfe 
map"  it  is  called  Huakila. 

Thetford,  a  townlhip  in  the  fouth- 
caft  corner  of  Orange  co.  Vermont  on 
the  weftern  bank  of  Connecticut  river, 
about  10  miles  north  of  Panmoudi  Col- 
lege, and  contains  Z()z  inhabitants. 

Thomas's  B.tv,  on  tlie  W.  coaft  of 
the  iiland  of  An'.igua.  Itaffirds  fome 
ftieher  from  th^:;  S.  and  S.  E.  winds. 

Thomas  IjJanJ,  Sf.  or  the  Da»et 
T'tanJ,  i?*  the  lavgeft  and  moft  northerly 
jf  the  Virgin  lilaiids,  in  the  Well-In- 
dies, and  is  aboai  9  miles  long  and  ^ 
broad.  It  has  a  iandy  foil  and  is  badly 
w.itered,  but  eiij  )ys  a  confiderabie  trade, 
efpjci Jly  in  time  of  peace,  in  the  con- 
faba.id  way  ;  -id  private'.:rs  in  time  of 
war  fell  their  pr.  ^.s  here.  A  large  bat- 
tery has  liezn  c  led  for  its  defenc", 
mounted  with  ao  ^;eccs  of  cannon.  N. 
lat.  18  li,  W.long.  ■  \si'  Ithasalafe 
and  commodious  ha;  oar,  and  lies  abouj. 
ja miles  call  i»f  the  iii*iJ  of  Porto  Ricj. 

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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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■'•** 


Thomas  IJland,  St.  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  New-Mexico.  N.  Ut.  »o  lo,  weft 
long. 113  5.  ,      .       .    „ 

Thomas,  5^  a  town  of  Gmana  m  S. 
America,  (ituated  on  the  banks  of  the 
Oroonoko.    N.  lat.  75,  weft  long.  6z 

36. 

Thomas,  Port  St.  a  harbour  in  the 
bay  of  Hondwras,  on  the  Spanifh  Main  ; 
from  which  goods  are  Ihipped  to  Eu- 
rope :l 

Thomas,  St.  the  chief  town  of  New- 
Andalufia,  or  Paria,  in  the  northern  di- 
vilTon  of  Terra  Firma. 

Thomas,  St.  a  parifh  of  Charlefton 
diftri(5t,in  S.  Carolina.  It  contains  3,836 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  397  are  whites, 
and  3,405  flaves. 

Thomastown,  a  poft-town  of  the 
Diftriift  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Penobfcot  Bay,  and  about 
4  leagues  from  Franklin  Illand,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  George,  which 
(livides  tliia  town  from   Warren   and 
Cufliing»  to  the  weftward.    A  conCd- 
erablc  liver  in  the  Ibuth-eaft  part  of  the 
townfhip    is    called    WefFowtflgeeg. 
From  the  hill  of  Madambettocks  may 
.  be  feen  iflands  and  lands  to  a  great 
difiance ;  and  near  it  there  is  thought 
to  be  plenty  of  iron  ore;  but  no  at- 
tempts have  been  made  to  afcertain  its 
quality.    The  grand  ftaples  of  Thorn- 
aftown  are  lime  and  lumber.    Lime- 
ftone  is  very  common,  and  fpots  of  land, 
or  rather  rock,  of  fix  rods  fquare,  are 
frequently  fold  for  100  dollars.    There 
are  now  about  ^S  ki'ns  erefted,  each  of 
which,  on  an  average,  will  produce  aoo 
fifty  gallon  calks.   Thcie  kilns,  if  burn- 
ed only  three  times  a  year,  (though  ma- 
ny are  5  or  6  times)  will  furnifh  at  out 
»i,ooo  cafks;  which  neat,  after  all  ex- 
pends, about  6  flntlings  a  cafk._    Too 
hivich  attention  being  paid  to  this  bufi- 
fiefs,  prevents  a  due  culiivation  of  the 
lands.     1  here  are  now  owned  on  the 
rjver  12  brigs,  fchooners,  and  floops> 
equal  to  about  1,100  tons,  employed  in 
foreign  and  charting  voyages.    On  the 
rjver,  and  its  leveralftrcams,  are  a  num- 
bibr  of  tide  and  other  grift  and  faw  mills, 
which  afToid  great  profit  to  their  own- 
ers.   A  fuit  with  a  number  of  cannon, 
and  a  regular  garrifon  of  provincials, 
v/;is  formerly  ftationed  about  5  miles  be- 
Ijw  the  head  of  the  tide.    Few  vefti- 
gcs  of  the  fort  now  remain ;  but  in  place 
of  it  an  elegant  building  was  ere^fted  in 
1)94)  hy  the  Hon.  Ueary  Knox,  £fq. 


The  fettlcment  of  Thomaftown  began 
about  1730,  in  1777  it  was  incorpor^ 
ted,  m  1790  it  contained  8oi  inhabiC- 
ants ;  and  it  was  computed  to  contarrj 
in  1796  above  1,200.  There  ate  here 
no  public  fchools  conftantly  kept,  tho' 
there  are  feveral  private  ones  through- 
orut  the  year.  There aretwo churches, 
the  one  for  Baptifts,  who  are  the  moft 
numermis,  and  the  other  for  Congrega- 
tionalifts.  Here  is  alfo  a  focial  library. 
The  compad  part  of  the  town  is  7  mile? 
foutherly  of  Camden,  7  eaft  of  Warren, 
39  K.  E.  by  E.  of  Wifcaffet,  aij  N.E. 
of  Bofton,  and  564  N.  E.  of  PhiladeP- 
phia. 

Thome,  J/,  or  5^  7hovias.,  a  plain  in 
the  centre  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo, 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  on  the  fouth  lide  of 
the  firft  chain  of  the  mountains  of  Ci- 
bao,  near  which  Artibonite  river  takes 
itr  rife.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  north  of 
that  of  St.  John  of  Maguana.  The  fort 
of  St.  Thomas  was  ereifled  here,  near 
the  head  of  the  Artibonite,  by  Chrifto- 
pher  Columbus  to  proteft  the  mines  a- 
gainft  the  Indians.  There  is  now  no 
veftige  of  the  fort  remaining. 

Thompson, atownfliip  of  Windhani 
CO.  in  the  north-eaft  corner  of  Conneftr- 
cut ;  having  the  town  of  Killingly  on 
the  fouth,  the  State  of  Rhode-Ifland  eaft, 
and  that  of  Mafllichufetts  on  the  north  \ 
from  which  laft  it  receives  Quinabaug 
and  Five-mile  rivers. 

Thopicanos,  a  fmall  river  of  the  N, 
W.  TeTitory,  which  runs  fouthward  to 
Wabalh  river,  into  which  it  enters  a  few 
miles  eaftward  of  Ouixtanon. 

Thornton,  a   townihip   of  New- 
Hampfhire,  in  Grafton  co.  at  the  head, 
of  Merrimack  river,  which  contains  385 
inhabitants.     It   was  incorporated  ia 
1781. 

Thoulodse,  P«7r/,  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  near  the 
entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Fronfac  or  Can- 
fo,  lies  between  the  gulf  called  Little 
St.  Peter  and  the  iflands  of  St.  Peter.  It 
was  formerly  called  Port  St.  Peter,  and 
is  60  miles  weft  of  Gabaron  Bay._ 

Thousand  Wes  are  fituated  in  St. 
Lawrence,  or  Iroquois  river,  a  little 
north  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Thoxjsand  Atriw,  a  name  given  to 
a  great  number  of  fmafl  lakes  near  the 
Milfilippi,  a  little  to  the  N.  E.  of  St. 
Francis  river,  which  is  about  60  miles 
above  St.  Anthony's  Falls.  The  coun- 
try about  thefe  lakes,  tliough  but  littlo, 

frequented,    " 


frequented 
miles  for  h 
^ils  return 
tation.  H 
above  90  y 

Three 
river  ElTeq 
America. 

Three 
the  eaft  co 
intheWef 

TH!»_E 

Guiana,  ir 
W.  long.  I 

Three 
JUivleres. 

Three 
the  weft  fh 
lie  betweer 
and. 

Thrum 
a  fmall  cir 
mile  in  cir 
W.  from  ] 
at  full  and 
o'clock.  1 
48. 

Thule, 
Atlantic  O 
ever  difco' 
lat.  59  34» 

Thurw 
ton  count 
Queen  ft)ur 

Thunh 
about  half 
the  N.  W 
bout  9  mi 
thus  calle< 
heard  thei 

TrooA 
coaft  of  1 
land,  8  lei 
tna. 

TiANA 

IRjier. 

TiAOG 

bput  150 
jiver. 

Tiber 
runs  foutl 
in^on,  a 
er.  Its  f 
el  of  the 
of  whicl 
may  be 
hbnle,  ai 

TlBEH 

Oft  the  S. 
fuia  oft 


began 
torpor^ 
linhabic- 
J  con  tarn 
|te  here 
tho' 

irough- 
Jiurches, 
lie  moft 
[ngrega- 
I  library. 

7  mile? 

^'arren, 

,  N.E. 

philadel'- 


Seqaentedi  is  the  beft  witfiTii"  many 
miles  for  hunting ;  as  the  hunter  feldom 
feils  returning  loaded  beyond  his  expec- 
tation. Here  the  river  Miflilippi  is  not 
above  90  yards  wide.       * 

Three  Brothers,  7,  iilands  within  the 
river  Effequibo  on  the  ealt  coaft  of  S. 
America. 

Three  IJlands  Bay,  or  Harbour,  on 
t^e  ealt  coalt  of"  the  Ifland  of  St.  Lucia, 
in  the  "\  Veft-Indies. 

Th!"  .E  Points,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of 
Guiana,  in  S.  America.  N.  lat.  10  3}}, 
W.  long.  61  57. 

Three  Rivers,  in  Canada.  See  Trois 
Rivieres. 

Three  Sijers,  three  fmall  ifles  on 
the  well  (hore  of  Chcfapeak  Bay,  which 
lie  between  Weft  river  and  Parker's  Ifl- 
and. 

Thrum  Cap,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
a  fmall  circular  ifle,  not  mbre  than  a 
mile  in  circumference,  7  leagues  N.  6z' 
W.  from  Lagoon  Ifland.  High  water, 
at  full  and  change,  between  11  and  11 
o'clock.  S.  lat.  18  3j,  W.  long.  139 
48. 

Thule,  SotitkerK,  an  ilTand  in  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  the  moftfoutherly  land 
ever  difcovered ;  hence  the  name.  S- 
i«.  J9  34»  W.  long.  27  45. 

Thurman,  a  townmip  in  Walhing- 
ton  county,  New- York;  taken  from 
Queenfburg,  and  incorporated  in  1792. 
Thunder  Bay,  in  Lake  Huron,  lies 
about  halfway  between  S;tgana  Bay  and 
the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  lake.  It  is  a- 
bout  9  miles  acrofs  either  way ;  and  is 
thus  called  from  the  thunder  frequently 
heard  there. 

TrooA  Point,  or  Cape,  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  New-Mexico,  is  a  rough  head 
land,  8  leagues  from  the  valley  of  Coli- 
ma. 

TiANADERHA  River.  See  UnaJiUx 
River, 

TiAOGu,  an  ancient  Indian  town,  a- 
faput  150  miles  up  the  bufquehannah 
jrver. 

Tiber  Creek,  a  fmall  ftream  which 
runs  foutherly  tlirough  the  city  of  Wafh- 
ington,  and  empties  into  Patowmac  riv- 
er. Its  fource  is  436  feet  above  the  lev- 
el of  the  tide  in  tJie  creek  ;  the  waters 
of  which  and  thofe  of  Reedy  Brancli 
may  be  conveyed  to  the  Prefident'e 
bouie,  and  to  the  capitol. 

TicEKON,  Cape,i  round  black  rock 
©n  the  S.  V7.  part  of  thefouthcrn  penin- 
iiila  of  die  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and 


T  I 


t 


■u 


fo!rms\he  N.  W.  limit  of  the  bay  of  Tj. 
beron. 

TiBERON,  or  Tihurefj,  a  bay  and  vil- 
lage  on  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo.     Tlie  bay  is  formed  by 
the  cape  of  its  name  on  the  N.  W.  and 
Point  Burgau  on  the  S.  E.  a  league'and 
three-fourths  apart.   The  ftream,  called 
a  river,  falls  in  at  the  head  of  the  bay,  oa 
the  weftern  fide  of  the  village ;  which 
ftands  on  the  high-road,  and,  according 
to   its  courfe  along  the  fea-fhore,  10 
leagues  fouth  of  Cape  Dame  Marie,  jo 
from  Jeremie,  and  jz  by  the  winding  of 
the  road  from  Les  Caves.    7  he  cape  is 
:n  lat.  18  20  30  N.  ana  in  long.  76  5a  40 
W.     The  exports  from  Cape  Tiberon, 
from  Jan.  i,  1789,  to  Dec.  31,  of  the 
fame  year,  were  looolbs  white  fugar— 
3  77,8oolbs    brown    fugar — 6oo,ooalbs 
coffee — i3,<)72lbs  cotton~i,o88lbs  in- 
digo— and  fmall  articles  to  a  cofidder- 
able  amotint.    Total  value  of  duties  oq 
cxportiition,  2,465  dollars  76  cents. 

TiiERoNj  a  fort,  near  the  town  or 
village  above  mentioned  ;  taken  by  the 
French,  the  ailt  March,  1795. 

Tickle  Harbour,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Newfoundinnd,  fifteen  leagues  from 
Bonaventrtra  Port. 

Tickle  Me  i^tici/y, a. name  given  b7 
Britifh  fcam'?n  to  a  fine,  little,  fandy 
bay  of  Tern  Firnxi,  on  the  Ifthmus  of 
Darien,  at  the  N.  W.  end  of  a  reef  of 
rocks,  having  good  anchorage  and  fafe 
landing.  The  extremity  of  the  rocks 
on  one  fide,  and  the  Sanib.ilhis  Iflands 
(the  range  of  which  begins  from  hence) 
on  the  other  fide,  guard  it  from  the  fea, 
and  fo  form  a  very  good  harbour.  It 
is  much  frequented  by  privateers. 

TicoNDtROGA,  in  die  State  of  New- 
York,  built  by  the  French  in  the  year 
1756,  on  the  north  fide  of  a  peninfula 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  waters 
ifliiing  from  Lake  George  into  Lake 
Champlain.  It  is  now  a  Ucap  of  ruins» 
and  forms  an  appendage  to  a  farm.  Its 
name  fignifies  Noi/)',  in  the  Indian  lan- 
guage, and  was  calicd  by  the  French 
CGriilor.  Moiuit  Independence,  in  Ad- 
dilbn  CO.  Vermont  is  about  2  miles  S.  "£,, 
of  it,  and  feparatcd  from  it  by  the  nar- 
row  ftrait  which  conveys  the  waters  of 
Lake  Geoige  and  South  river  into  Lake 
Champlain.  It  had  all  the  advantages 
that  art  or  nature  could  give  it,  being 
defended  on  3  fides  by  water  furrounti- 
by  rocks,  and  on  half  of  the  fourth  by 
a  fw.imp,  and  where  tliat  fails,   the 

French 


M 


II' 


iS' 


•/I 


¥' 


Ti 


Frsnch.  ensAed  a  breaflvworlc  9.  ftet 
higli.  This  was  the  firft  fortrefs  at- 
tacked by  the  Aroaicaos  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  The  troops  under 
Oen.  Abercrorobie  were  defe;^  here 
in  the  year  1758,  but  it  was  taken  the 
year  follpwing  by  Gen,  Amherft.  It 
y/is  furpnfed  by  Cols.  Allen  and  Arnold, 
May  iOi  1775,  and  was  retaken  by  Gen. 

3urgoyne  in  July,  1777. 
.  '  TitRRA  Auftral  del  J^piritu  Santo, 
allied  by  Bougainville,  'fh&Jlxchlpelago. 
(^  the  Great  Cyclades,  and  by  Capt. 
Cook,  Tie  New  Hebridesy  may  be  con- 
iidered  as  the  eaftern  extremity  of  the 
>^ft  Archipelago  of  Nenu  Guinea. 
-Tbefe  iflands  are  fituated  between  the 
■)^titud<is  of  14.29  and  20  4  S.  and  be- 
tween 1^9  41  and  170  31  £.  long,  from 
preenwich,  and  confill  of  the.  follow- 
ing iflands,  fome  of  which  have  receiv- 
ed names  froip  the  different  European 
navigators,  and  others  retain,  the  names 
which  tliey  bear  among  the  natives  ; 
vjz.  Tierra  Aullral  del  Efpiritu  Santo, 
St.  Uariholomew,  Mallicullo,  Pic  de 
J'Etoile,  Aurora,  Ifle  of  Lepers,  Whit- 
funtide,  Arabrym,  PaooQ,  shepherds 
10es,  bandwich,  Erroniang'o,  Immer, 
Tanna,  Enooan,  Annatom,  Apee, 
Three  Hills,  Montagu,  Hincbinbrook, 
and  Erromanga.  Quiros,  who  firft  dif- 
covered  thefc  iflands,  in  1606,  defcribes 
them,  as  "  richer  and  more  fertile  than 
Spain,  and  as  pt^pulous  as  they  are  fer- 
tile ;  watered  with  Sne  rivers,  and  pro- 
ducing (liver,  pearls,  nutmegs,  mace, 
pepper,  ginger,  ebony  of  the  Srft  quali- 
ty, wood  for  the  conltrudion  of  vclfcls, 
and  plants  which  might  be  fabricated 
into  fail-cloth  and  cordages,  one  fort  of 
which  is  not  unlike  the  hemp  of  Eu- 
rope," The  inhabitants  of  thefe  iflands, 
lie  defcribes,  as  of  feveral  diffJErent  races 
of  men  ;  black,  white,  mulatto,  taw- 
ny, and,  copper-coloured  ;  a  proof,  he 
fuppofgs,  ol"  their  intercouife  with  vari- 
ous people.  1  hey  ufe  no  fire-arms,  arc 
eraploytd  in  no  mines,  nor  have  thty 
any  of  ihofe  means  of  deflruiftion  which 
the  genius  of  Europe  has  invented.  In- 
dullry  and  policy  feeui  to  have  made 
but  little  piogrcls  among  tliem :  they 
build  neither  towns  nor  fbrtreffes ;  ac- 
knowledge neither  king  nor  laws,  and 
are  divided  only  into  tribes,  among 
which  tlicre  does  not  always  fubfift  u 
perfcdl  liarmony.  Their  arms  are  the 
pQw  and  arrows,  the  fpear  and  the  dart, 
tU|B4dj;  pf  wooii.  T)ieir  only  covering 


i^  a  garment  round  the  vraift,  wlujcl^ 
reaches  to  the  middle  of  the  ii^ifAtp 
They  are  cleanly,  of  a  lively  andgratemji 
difpofition,  capable  of  friend/hip  and  in-^ 
ftru£tion.    Their  houfes  are  of  Wood, 
covered  with  palm  leaves.    They  have 
places  of  worihip  and  burial.     They 
work  in  done,  and  polifh  marble,  of 
which  there  arc  many  quarries.    They 
make  flutes,   drums,  wooden  ipoons, 
and  from  Ac  mother  of  peaid,  form 
chiflels,  fciflars,  knives,  hooks,  faws, 
hatchets,  and  fraall  round  plates  for 
necklaces.    Their  canoes  are  well  built 
and  neatly  finilhed.    Hogs,  goats,  cows, 
buffaloes,  and    various  fowls  and  flilh 
for  food  are  found  in  abundance  on  and 
about  thcfe  iflands.    Added  to  all  thefe 
and  many  other  excellencies  ihefe  ifl- 
ands are  reprefented  as  having  a^e- 
markably  falubrious  air,  which,  is  evinc- 
ed by  the  healthy,  robuft  appearance 
of  the  inhabitants,  who  live  to  a  great 
age,  and  yet  have  no  other  bed  than  the 
earrfj.    Such  is  the  defcription  which 
Quiros.  gives  of  thele  iflands  in  and 
about  which  he  fpent  fome  months,  and 
which,  he  reprefents.  to  the  King  of 
Spain  as  "  the  moft  delicious  country 
in. the  world ;  the  garden  of|  Eden,  the 
inexhauftiblc  fource  of  glcMry,  riches, 
and  power  to  Spain."    On  the  nprth 
fide  of  the  largeft  of  thefe  iflands,  call- 
ed JEjpiritu  £antc,  is  a  bay,  called  S(fff 
Fe/iptf  and  Sant-Tago^  v/hich,  fays  Qui- 
ros, "  penetrates  ao  leagues  into  the 
country  ;  the  inner  part  is  all  fafe,  and 
may  be  entered  with  feciuity,  by  night 
as  well  as  by  day.    On  every  fide,  in 
its  vicinity,  many  villages  may  be  dif- 
tinguifliea,  and  if  we  may  judge  by  the 
fmoke  which  rifes  by.  day,  apd  the  fire*, 
that  are  feen  by  night,  there  are  many 
more  in  the  interior  parts."    The  har- 
bour in  this  bay,  was  named  by  Qui- 
ros, La  Vera  Cruz,  and  is  a  part  of  thif 
bay,  and  large  enough  to  admit  1000 
veflels.    The  anchorage  is  on  an  excel- 
lent bottom  of  black  land,  in  water  of 
different  depths,  from  6  to  40  fathoms, 
between  two  fine  rivers. 

Tig N  ARES,  the  chief  town  of  the 
captainfliip  of  Rio  Grande  in  Brazil. 

r  I M  M 1  s  K  A  M  A I N  Lake,  in  Lower*  , 
Canada,  is  about  30  miles  long  «nd  19-, 
broad,  having  feveral  fmall  iflands.  lu 
waters  empty  intoUtawasriver,byafhort  -. 
and  narrow  channel,  jomilesN.ottheN. 
partofNepiflinglake.Thelndiansnamed- 
Tirmnifcamaings  refide  round  this  lake.' 

TlNICUM, 


TiHicvM,  two  townfl^  (^Fern^j; 
lyivania ;  the  one  in  Duck's  county,  the 
other  in  that  of  Delaware. 
■  Tinker's  IJIandj  one  of  the  Eliza- 
hetii  Iflands,  on  the  coaft  of  MaiTachu- 
fetts,  0^  Buzzard's  Bay,  Smiles  from 
the  main  land  of  Barnftable  county. 
It  is  the  fecond  in  magnitude,  and  the 
middle  one  of  the  3  largeft.  It  is  about 
3  miles  long  from  norm  to  fouth,  and 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  broad  from  eaft 
t9  weft ;  and  between  this  and  Ka(h- 
ftwn  Ifland  is  a  channd  fdr  Hoops  and 
^all  vefTels,  as  there  is  alfo  between  it 
apd  Slocum's  iHand,  about  a  mile  far- 
ther to  the  weftward. 

Tin  MOUTH,  a  townfliip  of  Nova- 
Scotia  on  the  eaflern  coaft.  It  was  for- 
merly called  Pidlou,  and  lies  about  40 
miles  from  Truro.   See  P$£iou. 

Ti  N  MOUTH,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Rutland  co.  and  contains  935  inhabit- 
ants. 

TiNsiG  N  AL,  a  rich  filver  mine  in  the 
province  of  Cofta  Rica ;  which  iee. 

TiNTA,  a  jurifdiition  in  the  empire  of 
Peru;  wherein  is  the  famous  filver  mine 
called  Condonoma.    See  Cancas. 

TiNTAMARE,a  river  of  Nova-Scotia, 
which  is  navigable  3  or  4  miles  up  for 
fmall  veiTels. 

Tin  TO,  a  river  of  Terra  Firma,  ao  I 
leagues  to  the  eaft  of  Cape  Honduras.  ! 

Tioga,  a  townfhip  of  Pennlylvania,  I 
in  Luzem  co.  j 

TiooA,a  county  of  New-York,')Ound-  j 
cd  eaft  by  Otfego,  weft  by  Ontario, 
north  by  Onondago,  and  fouth  by  the 
State  or  Pennlylvania.  It  contains  the 
towns  of  Newtown,  Union,  Chemung, 
Owego,  Norwich,  Jerico,  and  Chenen- 
^o»  in  which  are  1,165  eledors,  accord- 
irig  to  the  State  cenlus  of  1796.  I'he 
courts  of  common  pleas  and  general  ftf- 
fions  of  the  peace  for  the  county  are  held 
on  the  firft  Tuefdays  in  May,  Odlober, 
and  February,  in  every  year,  alternate- 
ly, at  Chenengo,  in  the  town  of  Union, 
and  at  Newtown  Point,  in  the  town  of 
cKemung.  Some  curious  bones  have 
been  dug  up  in  this  county.  About  12 
miles  from  Tioga  Point,  the  bone  or 
horn  of  ^n  animal  was  found,  6  feet  9 
inches  long ;  21  inches  round,  at  the 
longiend,  and  15  inches  at  the  fmnll 
endT  It  is  ipcurvated  nearly  to  an  arch 
of  a  large  circle.  By  the  prefent  ftate 
of  both  the  ends,  much  of  it  muft  have 
periihed)  probably  2  or  3  feet  from  uch 
cod. 


Tioc  A.  Point,  die  point  of  Ian* fondle 
ed,  by  the  confluence  of  'lioga  rivef: 
with  the  eaft  branch  of  Sufquehannalt 
river.  It  is  about  3  4  nules  foutlierly) 
from  the  line  which  divides  New-yorfc 
State  from  Pennfylvania,  and  is  about', 
ijo  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia* 
and  ao  S.  E.  of  Newtown,  j  he  tONvn. 
of  Athens  ftands  on  this  point  of  lanid. 

Tioga  River y  a  branch  of  the  Su&, 
quehannah,.  which  rifes  in  the  Allegha«- 
ny  Mountains  in  about  lat.  4a,  and  run., 
nmg  caftwardly,  empties  into  the  Suf.; 
quehannah  at  Tioga  Point,  in  lat.  41  57. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  about  ?o  miles. 
There  is  faid  to  be  a  pradicable  com*, 
munication  between  tliefouthern  brasck. 
of  the  Tioga,  and  a  branch;  of  the  Alle-i 
ghany,  the  head  waten  of  which  are: 
near  each  other.    The  Seneca  Indians; 
fay  they  can  walk  4  times  in  a  day,  from, 
the  boatable  waters  of  the  Alleghany, 
to  thofe  of  the  1  ioga,  at  the  pl'ace  now  < 
mentioned. 

TiouGHNiocA J?/i'«r.  SeeCfjenea^ 
go  River, 

TiooKEA,  anidand  in  the  South  Pa* 
cif  c  Ocean,one  of  thofe  called  George'3 
Idands.    S.  lat.  14  27,-  W.  long.  144, 

56- 

Ti p u A  N  Y ' s  River.    See  Tarija. 

TisBURY,  a  fmall  fifliing  town  00 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Martha's 
Vineyard,  9  miles  from  Chilmark,  and 
97  from  Bofton.  The  townfliip  wa4 
mcorporated  in  1671,  and  contains  114a 
inhabitants.  It  is  in  Duke's  county, 
MafTachufctts,  and  in  1796  the  eafteriy 
part  was  incorporated  intp  a  feparate. 
townfliip. 

TiscAN,aviIlageof  Ouenca,  and'd^ 
partment  of  Alanlis,  in  Quito,  in  South- 
America,  which  was  entirely  dcftroyed 
by  an  earthquake,  but  the  inhabitants 
eicaped,  and  removed  to  a  fafer  fuua* 
tion.  The  marks  of  this  dreadful  con« 
vuKion  of  nature  are  ftill  vifible. 

TiTiCACA,  an  ifland  of  S.  America, 
in  the  Sotitli  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the 
coaft  of  Peru, 

TiTJCACA,  or  ChiCHtto,  a  lake  of 
Charcas,  in  Peru;  and.isthe  largeft  of 
all  the  known  lakes  in  S.  America.  It 
is  of  an  oval  figure,  with  an  inclination 
from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  and  about  80 
leagues  in  circuit.  The  water  is,  in  fome 
parts,  70  or  80  fathoms  deep.  Ten  6t. 
twelve  large,  befides  a  greater  numb^f 
of  froaller  ftreams  fall  into  it.  The  war 
ter  of  this  lake,  though  neither  faltnoc 

brackilh, 


;-/. 


^rl'" 


r.     ,    I'- 


^< 


brackift,  is  muddy,  and  has  (bme'thing 
to  nauleous  in  its  tafte,  as  not  to  be 
drank.    One  of  the  mod  fplendid  tem- 
ples in  the  empire  was  ereaed  on  an  ifl- 
and  in  this  lake,  by  the  Yncas.    The 
Indians,  on  feeing  the  violent  rapacity 
of  the  Spaniards,  arc  thought  to  have 
thrown  the  immenfe  colle^ioa  ot  riches 
in  the  temple,  into  this  lake.    But  thefe 
valuable  efFeds  were  thrown  into  an- 
other lake,  in  the  valley  of  Orcos,  6 
leagues  S.  of  Cufco,  in  water  33  or  24 
fathoms  deep.    Towards  the  S.  part  of 
Tiiicaca  Lake,  the  banks  approach  one 
another,  fo  as  to  form  a  kind  of  bay,  ter- 
minating in  a  river,  called  El  Defagua- 
dtro,  or  the  drain  ;    and  afterwards 
forms  the  Lake  of  Paria,  which  has  no 
vifible  outlet.    Over  the  river  El  Defa- 
guadero  ftill  remains  the  bridge  of  ru(h- 
es,  invented  by  Capac-Yupanqui,  the 
fifth  Ynca,  for  tranfporting  his  army  to 
the  otlier  fide,  in  order  to  conquer  the 
provinces  of  Collafuyo.    The  Deiagua- 
dero  is  here  between  80  and  100  yards 
in  breadth,  flowing  with  a  very  impt.tu- 
ous  cuiTent,  under  a  fmooth,  and,  as  it 
were,  fleeping  furface.    'l"he  Ynca,  to 
overcome  this  diflicuhy,  ordered  4  very 
large  cables  to  be  made  of  a  kind  of 
giMs,  which  covers  the  lofty  heaths  and 
mountains  of  that  country,  and  by  the 
Indians  called  Ichu :  fo  that.thefc  cables 
were  the  foundation  of  the  whole  ilruc- 
tare.     Two  of  thefe  being  laid  acrofs 
tlie  water,  fafcines  ot"  dry  juneim,  and 
totora,  two  fpecies  of  rufhcs,  were  f iilt- 
ened  together,  and  laid  acrofs  the  ca- 
bles.    On  this  again  the  two  other  ca- 
bles were  laid,  and  covered  with  fimilar 
fafcines  fecurely  fattened  on,  but  of  a 
fmaller  fize  than  the  firft,  and  arranged 
fo  as  to  form  a  level  furface.    And  by 
this  means  the  Ynca  procured  a  fafo  paC- 
fage  for  his  army.    This  bridge  of  rufli- 
es,  which  is  about  five  yards  broad,  and 
©ne  yard  and  a  half  above  the  furface  of 
the  water,  is  carefully  repaired,  or  re- 
built, every  fix  months  by  the  neigh- 
bouiing  provinces,  in  purfuance  of  a 
law  made  by  that  Ynca  j  and  fince  of- 
ten confirmed  by  the  kings  of  Spain,  on 
account  of  its  vaft  ufe,  it  being  the  chan- 
pel  of  intercourfe  between  thofe  prov- 
inces on  each  fide  the  Dclirguadero. 

Tiverton,  a townfliip  of  Rhode-Tfl- 
and,  in  Newport  co.  having  the  eaftern 
Faflage  and  part  of  Mount  Hope  Bay 
on  the  W.  and  N.  W.  the  State  of  Mai- 
(kchuietts  on  the  N.  and'E.  and  Little- 


T  O  fif  ^ 

I  Compton  townfliip  on  the  fouth.  1% 
contains  1,453  inhabitants,  including  25 
flaves.  It  is  about  13  miles  N.  N.  E. 
of  Newport. 

TizoN,  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
S.  America,  600  rpiles  from  NfeW-Spain. 
In  a  journey  mide  thuB  far,  in  1 606,  the 
Spaniards  found  fome  large  edifices,  and 
met  with  fome  Indians  who  fpoke  the 
Mexican  langunge,  and  who  told  them, 
♦hat  a  tew  days  journey  from  that  river, 
towards  the  N.  was  th<;  kingdom' of  ToL 
Ian,  and  many  other  inhabited  places 
whence  the  Mexicans  migrated.  It  is, 
indeed,  confirmed  by  Mr.  Stewart,  in- 
his  late  travels,  that  there  are  civilized 
Indians  in  the  interior  parts  of  America. 
Beyond  the  Millburi,  he  nfct  with  pow- 
ertul  nations  who  were  courteous  and 
hofpitable,  and  appeared  to  be  a  polifh- 
ed  and  civilized  people,  liaving  regular- 
ly built  towns,  and  enjoying  a  ttate  of 
tociety  not  far  removed  ti-om  the  Euro- 
pean ;  and  indeed  to  be  perfeftly  equal 
wanted  only  iron  and  fteel. 

TLASCAtA,or  Lot  Angelas i  a  prov-  . 
ince  of  New-Spoin.    See  Angeloi. 

To  A,  one  of  the  two  rivers,  Bajamond 
being  the  other,  which  empty  into  the 
harbour  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  ifland  of, 
that  name  in  the  ^^'^eft-Indies. 

ToAHOUTU,  one  of  the  two  fmall  ifl- 
ands  to  the  N.  eaftward  of  the  S:  end 
of  Otaha  Ifland,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl. 
ands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocenn. 

ToAM F.N  SING,    two    townftiips     of 
Pennfylvania ;  the  one  in  Montgomery  ' 
CO.  the  other  in  that  of  Northampton. 

Tobago,  an  ifland  in  the  Weft-In- 
dies, which,  when  in  the  hands  of  the 
Dutch,  was  called   'Nenv  Valchereriy  is 
about  10  leagues  to  the  N.  of  Trinidad, 
and  40  S.  ot  Barbadoes.      Its  length  is 
about  3»  miles,  but  its  breadth  only 
about  12,  and  its  circumference  about 
80  miles.    The  climate  is  not  fo  hot  as 
might  be  expedled  fb  near  the  equator  J  -• 
and  it  is  faid  that  it  lies  out  of  the  courfc  " 
of  thofe  hurricanes  that  have  fometimes 
proved  fo  fatal  to  the  other  Weft-India 
Iflandb.    Tt  has  a  fruitful  foil,  capable 
of  producing  fugar,  and  indeed  every 
thing  elfe  that  is  raifed  in  the  Weft- 
India  Iflands,  with  the  addition  (if  we 
may  believe  the  Dutch)  of  the  citma- 
mon,  nutmeg,  and  gum  copal.     It  is  ^ 
well  watered  with  numerous  fprings  i  * 
and  its  bays  and  rivers  are  fo  difpoTed  ' 
as  to  be  very  commodious  for  all  kinds  ' 
of  (liipping.     The  value  and  import-  ' 

ance 


mc  of  tki 
extenfivc  ai 
fent  thithtr 
claims.  It 
pofleffed  bv 
their  preten 
and  France 
perfeverano 
Chapelle,  ir 
tral  ;  thouj 
was  yielded 
in  June,  i 
French,  ar 
treaty  of  i 
Britifti  in 
long.  60  3c 

ToBAOi 

E.  extremi 

Wcil-Indit 

long,  and  ^ 

Toby's 

Alleghany 

Ibuthern  \ 

Toby's  Cr 

in  a  W.  S, 

ters  the  Al 

Fort  Fran) 

batteaux 

thence  b\ 

branch  or 

good  con: 

Ohio,  am 

fylvania. 

TOCA 

and  in  N( 
Tooo! 

Oakmuig 

TOLLi 

bounded  I 

S:  by  N 

ham,  an< 

fubdivid< 

tains  13, 

flaves. 

county  i; 

ftrotig  at 

Toll 

above  co 

and  is  at 

It  has  a 

houfe,  g 

paaiy  b 

TOLl 

Americ: 
the  N.  I 
fame  na 
miles  S. 
36,  W, 
TOM 
andTe 


TOM 

tnc  of  this  ifland,  appears  from  the 
extenfive  and  formidable  armaments 
fent  thithtr  in  fapport  of  their  difFerent 
claims.  It  feem3  to  have  been  chiefly 
poHefled  hy  the  Dutch,  who  defended 
their  pretenfions  ngainlt  both  Knp^land 
and  France,  with  tlie  moft  obftmate 
perfeverancc.  By  the  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  in  1748,  it  wa:  Hfjclared  neu- 
tral ;  though  by  the  treaty  of  1763,  it 
was  yielded  up  to  Great-Britain  ;  but 
in  June,  1781,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French,  and  ceded  to  them  by  tlie 
treaty  of  1783  ;  and  captured  by  the 
Britilh  in  1793.  N.  lat.  11  16,  W- 
long.  60  30. 

ToBAGQ  IJIand,  Little,  near  the  N. 
E.  extremity  of  Tobago  Ifland,  in  the 
Wcil-Indiesi.  It  is  about  two  miles 
long,  and  one  broad. 

Toby's  Creek,  an  caftern  branch  of 
Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylvaijia  :  its 
ihuthern  head  water  is  called  Little 
Toby's  Creek.  It  runs  about  S5  niiles 
in  a  W.  vS.  W.  and  W.  ccurfe,  and  en- 
ters the  Alleghany  about  ao  miles  below 
Fort  Franklin.  It  is  deep  enough  for 
batteaiix  for  a  confiderable  way  up, 
thence  by  a  fliott  portage  to  the  W. 
branch  or  Sufcjuehannah,  by  which  a 
good  commnnication  is  formed  between 
Ohio,  and  the  eaftern  parts  of  Penn- 
fylvania. 

TocAYMA,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma, 
and  in  New  Granada. 

TooosAH  ATCKEE  Crcck,  a  water  of 
Oakmulgee  river,  in  Georgia. 

Tolland,  a  county  of  Connetfticut, 
bounded  N .  by  the  State  of  MalTachufetts, 
S;  by  New-London  co.  E.  by  Wind- 
ham, and  W.  by  Hartford  co.  It  is 
fubdividcd  into  9  townfhips,  and  coa- 
tains  13,106  inhabitants,  including  47 
flaves.  _  A  jgrcat  proportion  of  the 
county  is  hilly,  but  the  foil  is  generally 
ftrong  and  good  for  grazing. 

ToLLANo,  the  chief  town  of  the 
above  county,  was  incorporated  in  17 15, 
and  is  about  18  miles  N.  E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  Congregational  church,  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  and  ao  or  30  houfes,  com- 
padlly  built,  in  the  centre  of  the  town. 

1*0  Lu,  a  town  of  Jerra  Firma,  S. 
America,  with  a  harbour  on  a  bay  of 
the  N.  Sea.  The  famous  balfam  of  the 
fame  pame  comes  from  this  place ;  114 
miles  S.  W.  of  Carthagena.  N.  lat.  9 
36,  W.  long.  7?  aa. 

TciMAco,  a  large  river  of  Popayan, 
and  Terra  Firmat  S.  America,  about  9 


TON 

miles  N.  E.  of  Galla  Ifle.  About  a 
le  -gue  and  a  half  within  the  river  is  ao 
Indian  town  of  the  fame  name,  and  but 
fmall,  the  inhabitants  of  which  common* 
ly  fupply, fmall  veflcls  with  provifions^ 
when  they  put  in  here  for  refrelhmcnt. 

I'oMAHAWK  IJlaad,  on  thetatt  coaft 
of  Paugonia,  is  a4  miles  N.  E.  of  8eai'» 
Bay.  ^• 

loiviBA  River,  on  the  coaft  of  Peruj 
is  between  the  portof  Hilo  and  the  rivet 
of  Xuly  or  Chuly.  There  is  anchor- 
age againl^  this  river  in  ao  fathoms,  and 
clean  ground.     Lat.  17  50  S. 

ToMBiGBKE  River,  is  the  dividing 
line  between  the  Creeks  and  Chac- 
taws.  Above  the  junition  of  Alabama 
and  Mobile  rivers,  the  latter  is  call- 
ed the  Tombighee  river,  from  the  fort 
of  Ton'ibigbce,  fituatedon  the  weft  fide 
of  it,  about  96  miles  above  the  town  of 
Mobile.  The  fource  of  this  river  is 
reckoned  to  be  40  leagues  higher  up,  in 
the  country  of  the  Chickaiaws.  The 
fort  of  Tonibigbee  was  captured  by  the 
Britifti,  but  abandoned  by  them  in  1767. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  floops  and 
fchconers  about  35  leagues  above  the 
town  of  Mobile  :  130  American  fami- 
lies are  fettled  on  this  livcr,  that  haxz 
been  Spanifh  fubjefls  lince  1783. 

ToMiNA,  a  jurifdidlion  in  the  arch- 
bifhopric  of  La  Plata  in  Peru.  It  be- 
gins about  18  leagues  S.  E.  from  the  city 
of  Plata ;  on  its  eaftern  confines  dwell  a 
nation  of  wild  Indians,  called  Chirigiia- 
nos.  It  abounds  with  wine,  fugar  and 
cattle. 

ToMiscAKiNG,  a  lake  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca, which  fends  its  wa,ters  fouth-eaft- 
ward  through  Ottawas  river,  into  Lake 
St.  Francis  in  St.  Lawrence  river.  The 
line  which  feparates  Upper  from  Low- 
er Canada,  runs  up  to  this  lake  by  a  line.  ; 
drawn  due  north,  until  it  ftriJces  thci  ■ 
boundary  line  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  or  New- 
Britain.  '  y 

ToMPSONTOWN,  a  village  of  Pcnn-  > 
fylvania,  in  Mifflin  co.  containing  about, » 
a  dozen  houfes.    It  is  aa  miles  fronii 
Lewiftown. 

Tom's  Creek,  in  New-Jerfey,  which  :; 
feparates  the  towns  of  Dover  andrc 
Shrewfbury. 

ToNDELO,  a  river  at  the  bottom  of.', 
the  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  in  the  8.  W.  ;n 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  15  miles 
due  weft  of  St.  Annes,  and  34  eaft  ofp; 
G uafickwalp.  It  is  navigable  for  barges*'* 
and  Qther  veflels  of  from  50  to  60  ton$,f. . 

TONEWANTO,        r, 


/ 

- 

1 

• 

} 

' 

\ 

%si' 


T0  F 

*roi*«WANTo,  the  name  of  a  creek 
tmd  Indian  town,  in  the  nnrth-weftem 
part  of  New-York.  Ihe  creek  runs  a 
leftward  courffe  and  enters  Niagara 
tirer  oppofite  Grand  Ifland,  8  miles  N. 
6f  Port  Erie.  It  runs  about  40  miles, 
and  is  navigable  %9  ttliles  From  its  mouth. 
The  towti  Hindi  on  its  S.  fide,  li  miles 
from  I^a^ara  river.  Alfo  the  Indiim 
aaftieof  FifliingBay,  on  Lake  Ontario. 
ToNGATABoo,  one  of  the  Friendly 
Illacnds,  in  the  S.  Pitcific  Ocean,  about 
do  tntles  in  circuit,  but  rather  oblong, 
and  wideft  at  the  E.  end.  It  has  a 
rocky  coaft,  except  to  the  N.  (ide, 
which  is  full  of  fhoals  and  iflands,  and 
^e  fhore  is  low  and  Tandy.  It  fumilhes 
<h€  ,beft  harbour  or  anchorage  to  be 
found  in  thcfe  iflands.  The  ifland  is 
all  l<iid  out  in  plantations,  between 
which  are  roads  and  lanes  for  travelling, 
Aawn  in  a  very  judicious  manner  for 
opening  an  eafy  communication  from 
one  part  of  the  ifland  to  another.  S. 
ht.  a  I  9,  W.  long.  174  46.  Variation 
«f  the  needle,  in  1777,  was  9  53  E. 

To  N I  c  A  s .  See  Poifti  Coupee. 
"  ToNTi,  an  ifland  at  the  mouth  of 
take  D'Urfe,  iit  the  eaftern  extremity 
of  Lake  Ontario,  is  within  the  Britifn 
territories  ;  11  miles  N.  E.  of  Point  au 
Goelans,  and  i»  W.  of  Grand  Ifland, 
having  feveral  ifles  between  it  and  the 
latter. 

ToNTi,  or  To»/y,  a  river  which 
Empties  through  the  N.  ftiore  of  Lake 
Erie  ;  a*  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Riviere 
a  la  Barbue. 

ToNTORAL,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  S.  America,  ij  leagues  to  the 
N.  of  Guafca,  and  in  lat.  27  30  S. 

TooBAt;Ai,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
ands, in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  not  more 
t;han  5  or  6  miles  acrofs  in  any  part. 
S.  lat.  a3  45,  W.  long.  149  23. 

TooscHCONDOtCH,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Ameriaa, 
of  confidcrabic  importance  in  the  fur- 
trade  ;  fituated  6n  a  point  of  land  be- 
tween two  deep  founds.  N.  lat.  53  a, 
W.  long.  131  30. 

TooToocH,  a  fmall  low  ifland  in 
Xootka  S^uftd,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
North-America,  on  the  eaftern  fide  of 
which  is  a  confiderable  Indian  villa  je; 
the  inhabitants  of  which  wear  a  gar- 
ment apparently  compofcd  of  wool  and 
hair,  mo'lly  white,  well  fabricated,  and 
probably  by  themfjlves. 
TqtUH  <^  mouacaindii^t  birrea  pin 


of  Nfcw-Bifcay  provinc>i  ih  MexicO, 
North-America ;  yet  moft  of  the  neigh- 
bouring parts  are  pleafai\t,  abounding 
with  all  manner  of  provifions. 

J  orsFiBLb,  a  townfliip  of  Mafli- 
chufetts,  Eficx  CO.  containing  780  in- 
habitants. It  is  8  miles  weiterly  of 
IpAvich,  and  39  N.  by  £.  of  Bofton. 

Tors  HAM,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Orange  co.  weft  of  Newbury,  ad- 
joining. It  is  watered  by  fome  branch- 
es of  Wait's  river,  and  contains  x6»  in- 
habitants. 

Top  SHAM,  atownftiipof  the  Diftrift 
of  Maine,  in  Lincoln  co.  3',i  miles  in 
circumference,  and  more  than  a^  miles 
is  waflied  ^y  water.  It  is  bounded  00 
the  N.  W.  by  Little  river ;  N.  by  Bow- 
doin  and  Bowdoinham ;  E.  by  Cath- 
ance  and  Merry  Meeting  Bay ;  S.  and 
S.  W.  by  Amatifcoggin  river,  which 
feparates  it  from  Brunlwick  in  Camber- 
land  county.  The  inhabitants  amount 
to  826  fouls,  and  they  live  in  fuch  eafy 
circumftances,  that  none  have  ever  been 
fo  poor  as  to  folicit  help  from  the  par- 
ifh.  It  was  incorporated  in  1764.  A 
few  Englifh  attempted  to  fettle  here  in 
the  end  of  the  laft,  or  beginning  of  thg 
prefent  century.  Thefe  were  cut  off 
by  the  natives.  Some  families  ventur- 
ed to  fettle  in  this  hazardous  Situation  in 
1730;  from  which  period,  until  the 
peace  of  1763,  the  inhabitants  never 
felt  wholly  fccure  from  the  natives.  II 
is  37  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Hallowell,  and 
156  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton ;  and  is  nearly 
in  lat.  44  N.  and  long.  70  W. 

Tore  AY,  a  town  on  the  eaftern  coaft 
of  Nova-Scotia;  a»  miles  S.  W.  of 
Roaring  Bull  Ifland,  and  100  N.  £.  of 
Halifax. 

Tor^ek,  a  village  on  the  fonth  fide 
of  the  fouth  peninlula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo ;  3  leagues  N.  W.  of  Ava* 
che Ifland. 

ToRMENtiM  Capf,  on  the  W.  fide 
of  the  Straits  of  Northumberland,  or 
Sound,  between  the  ifland  of  St.  Johia.*i 
and  the  E.  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  is  the 
N.  point  of  the  entrance  to  Bay  Vert. 
It  is  due  weft  from  Governor's  Iflaiad, 
on  the  S.  E.  coaft  of  the  iflahd  of  St. 
John's.  In  fome  maps  this  point  is 
called  Cape  Storm. 

foRONto,  a  Britifli  fettlement  on  the 
north  wefterft  bank  of  Lake  Ontario, 
53  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Niagara.  N. 
lat.  44  I,  W.  long.  79  10. 
'    To jiR  I N  OTON ,  or  Bf4f&d*s  Bay,  dn 


\ 


*; :. 


\ 


I 


i 


Ae  foothern  coaft  of  ]^ova-Scot{ii,  and 
kt  entrance  h  at  America  Point,  about 
I*  tc^ts  N.  of  the  town  of  Halifax.  It 
has  ftom  lo  to  13  fathoms  at  its  mouth, 
but  the  bay  is  almoft  circular,  and  has 
from  14  to  (o  fathoms  vater  in  it.  A 
prodigious  lea  fets  into  it  in  winter. 

ToaaiNCTON,  a  townihip  of  Con- 
necticut, in  Litohfield  co.  8  miks  K.  of 
iLitchlield. 

ToRToiSES,MrJl/tvr^lies  lomiles 
nbove  alake  30  miles  long,  and  8  or  lo 
broad,  which  is  formed  by  the  Miffifippi 
in  Lonifiana  and  Florida.  It  is  a  large 
£ne  river,  which  runs  into  the  country  a 
good  way  to  the  N.  E.  and  is  navigaole 
40  miles  by  the  largeft  boats. 

ToRTU£,  an  ifland  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  towards  the 
N.  W.  part,  about  9  leagues  long  from 
K.  to  W.  and  2  iM^oad.  The  W.  end  is 
nearly  6  leagues  from  the  head  of  the 
bay  oF  Mounigue.  The  freebooters  and 
buccaniers  drove  the  Spaniards  from 
this  ifland  in  x6j3 ;  in  1638,  the  Span- 
iards mafTacred  all  the  French  colony  ; 
and  in  1639,  ^^^  buccaniers  retook 
Tortue.  In  1676,  the  French  took  pof- 
feffibn  of  it  again. 

ToRTUG AS,  Dfyt  fhoals  to  the  weft- 
Vrai  d,  a  litde  foutherly  from  Cape  Flor- 
ida, or  the  S.  Point  of  Florida,  in  South- 
America.  They  are  134  leagues  from 
^e  bar  of  Penlacola,  and  in  lat.  24  32 
N.  and  long.  83  40  W.  They  confift 
of  JO  fmall  iflands  or  keys,  and  extend 
E.  N.  E.  and  W.  S.  W.  10  or  1 1  miles ^, 
moft  of  them  are  covered  with  buffie?, 
and  may  be  feen  at  the  dWioj^^pT four 


leagues.    The  foul 
the  fmalleft,  but  t! 
known,  is  in^l 
40  w 


y  is  one  of 
material  to  be 


.tM  14' iz  N.  and  longi  83 

hthe  S.  W.  part  of  this 

^co^al  rocks  extends  about 

a  mile ;  the  water  upon  it 

jiy'difcoloured. 

»RTUGAS  Harbour,  Turtle*/  Har- 
or  Barmcco  de  Tortu^ast  on  the 
of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  is  6b 

f"   les  at  E.S.E.  from  the  point  or  cape 
rbraiec,  or  Des  Arbres  Sec,  and  the 
lore  is  Sat  all  ihe  way  from  the  gulf  of 
|tf  aranhab. 

iTORTt/CAS,  an  ifland  fo  named  from 
the  great  number  of  turtle  found  near  it, 
Ift  near  thi,  U.  W,  part  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  X)6mingo.    See  Tortue. 

ToRTUOAS,  or  Sal  Tortuga,  is  near 
the  W.  end  oH  New-Andalulia  and  Ter- 
jtaFirma:;    It  is  uniDh^blted,  although 

G  G  g 


T  R  A 

Aont  50  miles  in  circumference,  and  t» 
bounding  with  fait.  N.  lat,  11  36,  W. 
long.  65.  It  is  14  leagues  to  the  weft  of 
Margaritu  iQand,  and  17  or  18  from 
Cape  Blanco  on  the  main.  There  are 
many  iflands  of  this  name  on  the  nordi 
coafi  of  South-America. 

TpRTUGAS  Feintf  on  the  coafl  of 
Chili,  and  in  the  South  Pacilic  Ocean, 
is  the  fouth  point  of  the  port  of  Coquini- 
bo,  and  7  or  8  leagues  from  the  Pajaros 
Iflands.  1'ortogas  road  is  round  the 
point  of  the  fame  name,  where  fhips 
may  ride  in  from  6  to  xo  ftthoms,  over 
a  bottom  of  black  fand,  near  a  rock  call- 
ed the  Tortugas.  The  road  is  well 
fheltercd,  but  will  not  contain  above  30 
or  .^o  fhips  lafely.  Ships  not  more  titan 
800  tons  burden  may  careen  on  the 
Tortugas  rock. 

T08QUIATOSSY  Creek,  a  north  head 
water  ofAlleghany  river,  whofe  mouth 
is  eafl  of  Squeaughta  Creek,  and  17 
miles  north-weilerly  of  the  Ichua  To^Mj 
which  fee. 

ToTowA,  a  plape  or  village  at  the 
Great  Falls  in  Paffaik  river,  T«Jew-Jeifey. 

TotTERV,  a  river  which  empties 
through  the  fouth-eaflern  bank  ot  the 
Ohio,  and  is  navigable  with  batteaux 
to  the  Occafioto  Mountains.  It  is  a 
long  river,  and  has  few  branches,  and 
interlocks  with  Red  Creek,  or  CUnche's 
river,  a  branch  of  the  Tenncflee.  It  has 
below  the  mountains,  efpecially  for  15 
miles  from  its  mout4i,.very  good  land. 
.T9,uu)N,  a  townfliip  of  New- York, 
t^'i&ntario  CO.  In  1796,  93  of  the  in- 
habitants were  eleftors. 

To  w  E  R  H I L  L ,  a  village  in  the  town- 
fhip  (3f  South-Kingftown,  Rhode-Ifland, 
where  a  oofl-ofHce  is  kept.  It  is  10 
miles  were  of  Newport,  and  281  from 
Philadelphia. 

I'owNSHEND,  a  townfliip  of  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  weft  of  Weftminfter 
and  Putney,  containing  6;6  inhabitants. 

Tow  N  s  H  E  N  D,  a  townmip  of  Middlc- 
fex  CO.  Mafl'achufetts,  containing  9913 
inhabitants.  It  was  incorporated  in  i73«» 
and  lies  45  miles  northward  of  Bolton. 

To  w  N  s  n  E  N  D,  a  harbour  on  the  coafl 
of  the  Diftiift  of  Maine,  where  is  a  bold 
harbour,  having  9  fathoms  water,  fheU 
tered  from  all  winds..  High  water,  at 
full  and  change,  4j  minutes  after  ip 
o'clock.  : 

TRACAOUCHt,  now  Carlet'-.ti,  a  fc^- 
llement  on  the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur 
£ay,  abovt  j  leagues  from  the  great  tit- 
er 


i 


THE 

er  Cafquipibiac,  in  a  fouth-weft  direc- 
tion. It  is  a  place  of  ooaiiderable  trade 
io  cod-fiih,  &c. 

Tran(^uillity,  a  place  inSuflex 
CO.  New-Jerfey»  8  miles  ibutlierly  of 
Mewtown. 

Trap,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Mary- 
knd ;   about  6  miles  S.  E.of  Oxford. 

1  R  A  p,  Thtt  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
ia  Montgomery  co.  having  about  a  doz- 
en houfes,  and  a  German  Lutheran  and 
Galvinift  church  united.  It  is  o  miles 
from  Morhftown>  ti  from  Pott^ove, 
and  a6  from  Philadelphia. 

Tr  A  p,  a  viUagii  of  Maryland*  in  Som* 
erfet  co.  iitdatea  at  the  head  of  Wico- 
mico Creek»a  branch- of  the  river  Wico- 
mico, 7  miles  fouth-weft  of  Salifbury, 
nd  6  north  of  Pciocefs  Ann. 

Traptown^r  village  of  Maryland, 
in  Frederick  co..  fituated  on  CotoAin 
Creek,  between  the  South  and  Coto^n 
Mountains,  and  7  miles  foutbrvrefterly 
•fFredericktown. 

Traverse  Bay^  Greatt  lies  on  the 
M.  £^  corner  of  Lake  Michigan.  It 
has  a  narrow  entrance,  and  fets  up  into 
the  land  foath'«aftward>  and  receives 
Traverie  river  from  the  £. 

Treadhavbn  Cre$kt  r  fmall  brancli 
•fChoptank  river. 

Treasury  IJltmdt^  form  r  part  of 
Mr.  Shortland's  iVimv-C^or^/a,  CSurville's 
Archipelago  of  the  Arlacides)  lying 
from  6  38  to  9  30  S.  lat.  and  from  155 
34  to  156  £.  long,  fromr  Greenwich. 
See  Arfacldest  &c. 

Trbnchs  Mont  Ji/vfr,  a  finall  river 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  io  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence.  It  empties  into  the 
lea  3  or  4  leagues  to  the  weftward  of 
the  eaftern  extremity  of  the  ifland. 

Trecothic,  a  town/Up  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-HampfluTCy  incorporated  in 
1769. 

Trent,  a  fmalt  river  of  N.  Carolina, 
which  fklls  into  Neus  river,  at  Newbern. 
It  is  navigable  for  feavedels,  zinules 
above  the  town,  and  for  boau  so.  See 
Nfus, 

Trenton,  is  one  of  the  iargefl  towns 
in  New-Jerfey,  and  the  metropolis  of 
the  State,  fituated  io  Uontcrdon  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Delaware  river,  oppofite 
die  f^lls,  and  nearly  in  the  centre  of 
die  Sute  from  N.  to  S.  The  river  is 
Bot  navigable  above  thefi;  fiiUs,.  except 
fr«  boats  which  will  carry  from  ^oo  to 
■  obufhels  of  wheat.  Tliis  town,  with 
44iobef  too,  whieh  joins  it  on  th*  feuth, 


contatns  between  aoo  and  300  houTev 
and  about  9,000  iohi^tants.  Here  tlie 
legiflature  ftatedly  ntects,  the  fupreme 
court  fits,  and  moft  of  the  public  «fBcet~ 
are  kept.  The  inhabitants  have  lately 
erefted  a  handfome  court>houfe,  100 
feet  by  30,  with  a  femi-hexagon  at  eacb 
end,  over  which  is  a  balaftrade.  Here 
,are  alfo  a  church  for  Epifcopalians, one 
forPrefbyterians,oneforMethodift8,and 
a  Quaker  mccting-houfe.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  this  pleafant  town,  are  a 
great  many  gentlemen's  &ats,  finely 
fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware, 
and  ornamented  with  tafle  and  elegance. 
Here  is  a  flourifhing  academy.  It  is 
\%  miles  S.  W.  of  Princeton,  30  from 
Brunlwick,  and  30  N.  E.  of^Philadel- 
phu.    N.  lat.  40  15,  W.  long.  74  15. 

Trenton,  r  fmall  poft-town  of  the 
Diflri^  of  Maine,  Hancock  co.  \%  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Sullivan,  31  N.  E.  by  E.  of 
Penobfcot,  s86  N.  E.  of  Boflon,  and 
633  N.  £.  of  Philadelphia.  This  town 
is  near  Defert  Ifland  \  and  in  a  part  of  it 
called  7he  Narronut  were  about  40- 
families  m  1796. 

Trenton»  the  chief  town  of  Jones-* 
county.  N.  Carolina,  fuuated  oh  die  S. 
fide  of  Trent  river.  It  contains  but 
few  houfes,  befides  the  court>houib  and 
gaoL-  It  is  5 1 1  miles  from  Philadelphia^ 

Trepasw  Bay,  or  Tr0afes  Bay, 
and  HarhwiTt  on  the  fbuth  lide  of  New* 
foundJand  Ifland,  near  the  S.  £.  part, 
and  about  ai  miles  to  the  N.  weftward. 
of  Cape  Race,  the  S.  £.  point  of  the 
i^and.  The  harbour  is large,weUfecur. 
ed,,  and- the  ground  good  to  anchor  in. 

Tr  IAN  CUE  yiaMdt  a  imall  ifland, 
one  of  the  Bahamas.  N.  lat.  ao  51, 
W.  long.  69  53. 

Triangle  Sboah^  Ke  to  the  weft, 
ward  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  near 
the  £.  ihure  of  the  Bay  of  Campeachy, 
nearly  W.  of  Cape  rnndecedo.  N.  lat, 
17  5,  W.  long.  Ill  59. 

Trieste  Bay,  on  the  coafl  of  Terra 
Firma,  is  nearly  due  fbuth  from  Bonair 
Ifland,  one  of  the  Liule  Antilles,  to  the 
eafl  of  Curaflbu  Ifland. 

Trieste  IJland^  a  finall  ifland  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy, 
weftward  of  Port-Royal  Ifland,  about 
3  leagues  from  £.  to  W.  The  creek 
which  feparates  it  from  Port-Royal 
Ifland  is  fcarcely  broad  enou^^  td 
admit  a  canoe.  Good  ficefli  water  wiU 
be  got  by  digging  5  or  6  feet  deep  ia 
the  fait  faod  {  at  alefs  depth  tii»brack» 
-     .  •...  '..  /.  Ub' 


t  RI 

•fli  Md  iait,  anil  at  a  greater  depth  thao 
4  feet  it  is  fait  again. 
■  TftiNiOAD,  a  fmail  ifland  in  the  S. 
J^tlaotic  Oceani  due  £.  off  Spiritu  8an- 
tb,  in  BraziJ.  S.  lat.  4o  3o>  W.  long. 
41  to.    It  is  alio  called  1  rinity. 

Tr  I N I D ADi  or  TrmiJada  Jjlmi^  near 
the  coaft  of  Terra  Firtna,  at  the  north 
part  of  S.  America.  It  partly  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Paria,  or  Bocca  del  Drago, 
and  is  much  larger  than  any  other  upon 
the  coaft.  It  is  36  leagues  in  length, 
and  18  or  to  in  breadth,  but  the  climate 
IS  rather  nnhealthy,  and  little  of  it  is 
cleared.  The  current  fets  fo  ftror; 
alonff  the  coaft  from  E.  to  W,  as  to 
render  moft  of  its  bays  and  harbours 
idelefs.  It  produces  fugar,  fine  tobaccoi 
indigo,  ginger,  a  variety  of  fruit,  fonie 
cotton,  and  Indian  com.  It  was  taken 
by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  in  1595,  and  by 
the  French  in  1676,  who  plundered 
the  ifland,  and  extorted  money  from 
the  inhabitants.  It  was  captured  by 
the  Britifli  in  February,  1797.  It  is 
fituated  between  59  and  <s  W.  long, 
and  in  10  N.  lat.  The  N.  E.  point  lies 
in  lat.  10  %%  N.  and  long.  5<j  37  W. 
The  chief  town  is  St.  Jofeph. 
_  TaiNiDAO,  La,  a  town  of  Nfexico, 
in  the  proyince  of  Guatimala,  on  the 
banks  M  the  river  Belen,  \%  miles  from 
the  fea :  but  the  road  isalmoft  impaiTa- 
Uebyland.  Itis  yomilesS.  E.ofGu- 
latifflaJai  and  24  eaft  of  La  Conception. 
K.  lat.  13,  W.  long.  91  40. 

TatRiDAB,  La,  on  the  north  coaft 
«f  the  Ifthmus  of  Darien,  lies  eaftward 
«f  Bocca  del  Toro,  and  fome  clufters 
of  fmall  iflands,  and  S.W.  of  Porto  Bel. 
io  and  Fort  Chagre.  N.  lat.  8  30,  W. 
long.  81  30. 

TRINIDAD,  or  La  Son/inate  Pertt  a 
town  on  a  tny  of  the  PaciHc  Ocean, 
about  65  miles  8.  £.  of  Petapa,  and  i6» 
iirom  the  town  of  Guatimaki.  All  the 
fptods  that  are  ient  from  Peru  and  MeX' 
ICO  to  Acaxatla,  about  u  miles  from  it, 
are  brotight  to  this  port.  It  is  9  miles 
from  the  town  to  the  hRrbour  which  is 
much  frequented,  and  isa  plac£  of  gre^it 
•trade ;  being  the  nearcft  landing  toGua< 
timala  for  Inips  that  come  from  Peru, 
'  fbnama,  and  Mexico^ 

-Tr*nioad,  La,  oncof  thefea-ports 
on  the  fouth  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
in  the  Weft-Indies ;  liquated  N.  W. 
from  the  weft  end  of  the  groupe  of  ifl- 
ands caUcd  Jardin  de  la  Keyna.  N. 
ht.'U  40,  W.  long.  80  50.  ^0  .'  .;-? .  J' 


T  1t«l 

Trinidad, La,  an  open  town  ofTei 
ragua,  and  audience  of  Mexico,  10  N. 
America. 

Trinidad  C*«iinf/,  has  the  ifland  of 
Tobago  on  the  N.  W.  and  that  of 
Tri^dad  on  the  fomh. 

1'rinidad,  or  Trinity^  a  town  of 
New-Granada,  and  Tena  Firma,  in  S. 
America,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Fe. 

Trinity  JJ<»v,  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  between  lat.  47 
53  30,  and  48  37  N. 

Trinity  Poriy  a  large  bay  of  Mar. 
tinico  Ifland,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  formed 
on  the  fouth^aft  by  Point  Caravelle. 

Trinity  ^  lies  near  the  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  eaftward  of 
York  Iflands.    S.  lat.  50  37, 

Trinity  I^,  the  north.eaftemnK)ft 
of  the  fmall  iflands  on  the  fouth<edl 
coaft  of  thepeninfulaof  Alaflca, on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  N.  E.  of 
Foggy  Iflands. 

Trio,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil^ 
S.  Ametica^ 

Tristo,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
S.  America,  is  W,  S.  W.  of  the  river 
Turiano.  It  hasgood  anchorage  and  is 
well  flieltered  from  die  fwell  of  the  fea. 
Trivigillo  Bay.  in  the  GiJf  of 
Honduras,  or  fouth  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico^  is  within  the  Ifland  of  Pines. 
Oulce  nver  lies  a  little  to  the  weft. 

Trocaoib,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N. 
coaft  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Jolm's,  lying 
off  the  mouth  of  Shimene  Port,  and  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Troi5  RJvierttt  a  bay  at  the  eaft  end 
of  the  above-mentioned  Ifland  of  St. 
John's,  and  weft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland. 
Three  ftreams  fall  into  it  from  different 
direftions ;  hence  its  name.  N.  lat.  44 
J,  W.  long.  6a  ij.  t 

Trois  Riviereti,  or  the  Three  Rhertp 
or  Treb/e  Rhert  a  town  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, fettled  by  the  French  in  16 10  ;  and 
is  fo  called  from  the  jundion  of  three 
waters  a  little  below  the  town  where 
they  fall  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
Jhe  town  ftands  on  die  northern  bank 
of  the  f  iawrencc,  at  that  part  of  the 
river  called  Lake  St.  Pierre.  It  is  but 
thinly  inhabited ;  is  coramodioufly  fitu- 
ated  tor  the  fur  trade,  and  was  formerly, 
the  feat  of  the  French  government,  and 
the  grand  mart  to  which  the  natives  re. 
fortcd.  It  is  pleafantly  fituated  in  a  fer- 
tile country,  about  50  miles  fouth>weft 
of  Qiw  hec.  Tlie  inhabitants  are  moftltf 

rich, 


i'> 


•^\ 


If 


^^ 


r  "It  V 

rich,  and  hftTC  dcgant,  v^dl  fumifhed 
houies,  and  the  .country  round  wears  a 
fine  appearance.  N.  lat.  46  ji,  W. 
long.  7?  15. 

'J'ROMPiAU«»  Qipe,  del  Engaima, 
or  /''<sr//C'  Capfy  is  the  eafternnaoft  poinw 
of  the  iHapd  of  St.  Domingo.  N.  ht. 
x8  ai,  W.  long,  from  Paris  7t. 

TRoric  Jt3^/,  are  fmall  iflandi  or 
rocks,  on  the  north  of  Crab  Ifland,  and 
off  the  eaft  coaft  of  Porto  Kico  Ifland. 
A  number  of  tropic  birds  breed  here* 
which  are  a  fpecies  never  feen  but  be- 
tween the  tropics. 

iKpquoBs,  a  bay  at  the  fouthero 
extremity  of  the  eaftem  part  of  Lake 
Huron,  feparated  from  niitcfaudoch  Day 
pn  |he  N.  £•  by  a  broad  promontory. 

'  'i  ROQ^Q^A,  an  idaod  on  the  north 
cioaft  of  S.  America,  in  the  mouth  of  a 
fmall  bay  near  Cape  Seco,  a  fliort  way 
S.£.  from  the  eaU  point  of  tiie  bay  or 
fiver  Tar^tura. 

Trou  Jacob,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  From  this  to 
Cape  Beate,  or  Cape  a  Foux,  the  ihore 
i&  rocky. 

Trou,  Le,  a  fettlement  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  Frendi  diTtdon  of  the 
ifland  oi  St.  Oomingo.  It  is  j|  leagues 
£.  of  Ouanaminthe,  and  %  S.  K.  of  le- 
monade. N.  lat.  1 9  35,  W.  long,  from 
Paris  74  »a. 

Tiior*  a  poft-town  of  New- York, 
Kcnflelaer  co.  6  miles  north  of  Albany, 

^S.  of  Lanflngbarg  city,  and  %<jx  from 
uladelphia.  The  townlhipof  Troy 
is  bounded  E.  by  Peteriburg,  and  was 
taken  fiom  Kenflellaerwyck  towofhip, 
and  incorporated  in  1791.  In  1796, 
^Sooi  the  inhabitants  were  electors. 
Seven  years  ago,  the  fcite  of  the  flour- 
Sfliing  villageof  Trov  was  covered  with 
flocks  and  lierds,  ana  the  fpot  on  which 
jl  i'ubooi,  containing  160  fchoiars,  is  now 
-fre^ed,  was  then  probably  a  fheepfoM. 
The  {ohool  is  under  the  diredion  of  3 
fchooln;afters,  and  is  a  very  promiling 
fcmitiary. 

Truro,  a  town  of  Nova-Scotia,  fitu- 
ated  in  Halifax  co.^t  the  head  of  the 
Bafin  of  Minas,  oppoiitc  to,  and  3  miles 
i^uthetly  af.  Onflow  ;  40  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Halifax,  and  40  from  Piftou. 
li  was  fettled  by  the  *Jorth.Irifh,  fome 
Scoich,  and  the  defcendants  of  North- 
Irilh.  Through  this  town  runs  the 
fiver  called  by  the  Indians  Shubbenaca- 
die,  navigable  for  boats  to  within  9 
Iriks  .of  Fort  Sackville. 


Titir 

Tk  v ««,  t  towofhip  of  MafTacbiilrtt^ 
fltuated  in  Bamftabre  county,  lies  bc» 
tween  lat.  41  57,  and  49  4  N.  and  b«- 
tween  long.  70  4  and  70  ij  W.  h  if 
ontheeaflernmofloartof  the  pcninfolii 
of  Cape  Cod«  5  7  miles  S.  £.  of  Boltoo,  io 
aftraight  line,  but  as  the  road  runs  it 
is  1 1  a,  and  49  from  the  coart-lioufe  of 
Bamftable.  It  is  the  Parmt  of  the  Io* 
dians^and  after  ita  fettlement  in  1709 
was  ibroe  time  called  JiangcrJUU ;  it 
was  incorporated  under  its  prclent  name 
in  1709,  and  contains  1,193  inhabttapts. 
Only  one  family  of  lodiaus  remained 
a  few  years  fmce,  and  lived  on  Pamt 
Pfiiiit.  In  the  valley  called  Creat-HoU 
lo'Wt  a  creek  futs  up  from  the  bay,  at 
the  mouth  of  which  is  a  tide  harbour. 
The  other  landing-places  are  of  fmaU 
note.  Pamet  Harbour  is  about  109 
yards  wide  at  the  mouth,  but  is  wider 
within;  and  if  repaired  would  be  of 
public  udiity.  It  lies  kbove  3  league^ 
S.  £.  of  CapcHCod  harhour.  The  hiU 
on  which  the  meetiog-houfe  Aarda 
branches  from  the  high  land  of  Cape- 
Cod,  well  known  to  feamet .  I'he 
mountain  of  day  in  Truro,  in  themidft 
of  landv  hills,  feems  to  have  been 
j}laced  there  by  the  God  of  NiOure,  to 
ierve  as  a  foundation  for  a  light-houi<V 
which  if'  ercdled  mikht  iave  the  iivei 
of  thoufandK,  and  millions  of  property,. 
The  foil  <4'  Iruro  is,  in  molt  place% 
fandy,  like  Provincetowo ;  and  tKu  io- 
habitants  derive  their  principal  fubfllk* 
eoce  from  the  fea,  which  here  abounds 
with  vaft  variety  of  filh.  Great  part  of 
their  corn  and  vegetables  fire  procured 
from  fioflon  and  the  aeighbouriag 
towns.  1  wo  inhabitaats  of  Trurp,C4P- 
tiins  David  Smith  and  Gamaliel  Col* 
lings,  were  the  firil  who  adventUFcd  to 
Falkland  Iflandsin  purfuit  of  whales* 
This  voyage,  which  was  aowQcd  with 
fuccefs,  was  undertake!:  in  1774,  by  this 
advice  of  Admiral  Montague  ot  thje 
Britiflt  navy.  '2  he  whalemen  of  Trurp 
now  vifit  the  coaft  of  Guinea  and  Bri** 
zil.  Many  of  the  mailers  of  (hips  em> 
pk>yed  iirom  Bofton  and  other  ports, 
are  natives  of  Tturo.  The  elderiy  men 
and  fmall  boys  remain  at  lv>ue  to  culti> 
vatc  the  ground;  the  reft  are  at  f^A 
fds  of  the  year.  The-womea  ar«  gen- 
erally employed  in  fpinaiog,  weaving 
knitung,  &c. 

Tkuxillo,  a  bay.  'harbotnr,  and 
town,  at  the  bottom  of  St.  Giles's  Bay, 
oil  the  ^ ;(.a  I  of  liondttrasyin  tbetgulf.^f 

that 


TVC 


that  namtf  The  bay  is  about  6  miles 
biuad,  being  deep  and  fecurc»  and  dtr 
fended  by  a  caiUe  ;  but  it  has  little  trade, 
'i'hc  town  (Unas  abuut  a  league  iVom 
the  North  Sca^  between  two  rivers*  the 
mouths  of  which,  with  fonic  iflands  be- 
fore them,  form  the  harbour,  l  he  coun- 
try is  exceedingly  fruitful  in  corn  and 
9 rapes,  and  nutwithftanding  the  heat  of 
^  le  climate,  very  i>opulou8.  The  city 
is  defended  by  a  thick  wall  towards  the ; 
Tea,  and  is  inaccellible  but  by  a  narrow, 
fteep  afcent.  The  caftle  joins  to  the 
wall,  and  ftands  on  a  hill.  Behind  the 
city  arc  high  mountains.  It  lies  300 
miles  N.  £.  of  Aniapalla.  K.  lat.  15 
10,  W.  long.  85  J  K. 

Truxillo,  the  firft  diocefc  in  th« 
audience  of  Lima,  in  Peru. 

Truxillo,  a  bay  or  harbour,  and 
one  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  p<ov- 
ince  of  the  fame  name  in  Peru,  is  i^ 
leagues  from  Chocope,  and  80  N.  W. 
of  Lima  I  and  according  to  Ullou,  the 
city  lies  m  lat.  8  6  3  S.  and  long.  77  30 
W.  It  ftands  in  the  valley  of  Chimo, 
on  a  fmall  river,  about  half  a  league 
£rom  the  fea ;  is  furrounded  with  a  brick 
wall,  and  from  its  circuit  may  be  clafTed 

iimong  cities  of  the  third  order.  Two 
eagues  to  .the  northward  is  the  port  of 
Guanchaco,  the  channel  of  its  trade. 
The  houfes  make  an  elegant  appearance, 
being  generally  of  brick^  v/ith  ftately 
balconies  and  iuperb  porticos. 

T  R  u  X I L  L  o,  pr  ^o/ira  ScnUra  dt  la 
Pazi  a  town  of  New-Granada  ( Venezu- 
Cila)  and  Terra  Fir  ma,  in  S.  America,  115 
miles  fouth  of  Maracaibo  Lake  1  on  the 
ibuthemmoft  bank,  of  which  lake  is  a ' 
.village,  called  Truxillo,  dependent  on 
this  city.  The  city  is  in  lat.  9  ai  N. . 
and  long.  69  15  W. 

Tryoh  Mouniaiast  in  N.  Carolina, 
lie  N.  W.'Of  the  town  of  i>alin>ury,  on; 
the  borders  of  the  State  of  Tenneffee. 

TvAPE,  the  chief  town  of  the  divifion: 
of  Seoora,  in  New-Mexico. 

TvBAi,  a  fmall  ifiand,  one  of  the; 
Society  Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  about  4  or  5  leagues  to  the  N.  by  W. 
or  N.  N.  W.  /rom  Bolabola.  S.  lat.  16 
14,  W.  long.  151  44* 

F  V0APS(s,on  the  ooaft  (^ Chili,  and 
the  W.fidle  of  S.  America,  is  on  tlie  S. 
;;^tlantic  Oceaa«  10  leagues  N.  N.  £• 
Irom  Rio  Imperial,  and  10  to  the  ifland 
■of  Santa  Maria,  or  St.  Mary. 

Tt;cKABATOHE£s,  a  town  of  the 
<€»eek  nation  of  Jfidiaos.    .i^m.^'iitsr -m 


TucKAHoc  Cretk, «.  Maryland,  Tat 
bot  CO.  a  branch  of  Choptank  river. 

ItJCKEnTON,  the  port  ot  entry  for 
the  diltn(fl  of  Little  £gg  Haibour,  « 
the  Sutc  0:  Ncw-Jcffcy. 

lucvMAN,  u  province  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca,  fo  called  from  a  tribe  of  Indians, 
and  in  the  S.  W.  divifion  ol  Paraguay. 
It  is  bounded  N.  partly  by  Los  cHcas, 
in  Peru,  and  pai  tly  by  Chaco  ;  S.  by 
Cayo  aod  Pampas  ;  £.  by  Paraguay 
Proper,  and  Rio  de  la  Plau  5  and  W. 
by  St.  jugo,  jn  Chili,  and  the  i>.  end  ef 
Cbicas ;  extending  itf«;lf  frum  Rio  Ver* 
m«yt»  to  Rio  Quarto,  rlmoft  from  lat. 
%A  to  34  Ibuth,  and  from  E.  to  W. 
where  broadeft,  from  the  river  Saladc 
to  the  rid^ie  of  the  Cordillera,  feparat* 
ing  it  from  Chili,  almod  from  long.  6» 
to  69  30  W.      i  he  climate  is  healthy 
and  temperate.     The  lands  are  rick 
aod  well  cultivated,  efpecially  towards 
Chili,  with  fonie  defart  cantons  towarth 
ciie  Magellanic  fide.     Its  two  principal 
rivers  are  Dolce  and  Salado,  that  is, 
the  fweet  and  fait  ones  ;  befidts  inna- 
merable  fmaller  ftreams.     'I  he  natives 
are  fomewhat  civilized  by  the  Span- 
iards,  and  cover  thcmfelves  with  their 
woollen  and  cotton  manufaAures,  and 
live  in  villHges. 

Tocuyo,  a  town  of  J^ew-Granada, 
and  Terra  Firma,  in  N.  America.  It 
iUnr'.s  in  a  valley  of  the  fame  name, 
eveiy  where  furrounded  by  mountains* 
The  air  is  very  healthy,  and  the  foil 
fruitful,  and  a  river  divides  the  place. 
It  is  aoo  miles  S.  of  Maracaibo  city. 
N.  lat.  7  10,  W.  long.  68  36. 

Tui"TONBPROuCiH,.a  town  of  New* 
Hampihire,  in  Strafford  co.  Ctuated  on 
tli'^.  N.  E.  fide  of  Lake  Winipifeogee, 
adjoining  Wolfborough,  tontaisisg 
109  inhabiumts. 

TuGELO  A/fvr,  in  Georgia,  is  the 
main  branch  of  Savannah  nver.  The 
other  great  branch  is  Keowee,  whidi 
joining  with  the  other,  15  miles  N.  W. 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  Wilkc'$ 
CO.  fonn  the  Savanrkab.  Some  branches 
of  the  Tugelo  life  in  the  Staite  of  Ten* 
neffee.  A  refpcftaWe  traveller  relates 
that  in  ten  minutes,  havinc  walked  hb 
hoife  moderately,  lie  tailed  of  Tugelo, 
ApalachicoU,  and  Hiwaffee  dvers. 

TuiCHTtNOoKA  CrttfiJ,  in  the  State 
of  NeW'York,  is  16  miles  above  Schc< 
neflady.  £.  6f  die  cicek  is  a  curions 
Indiao  infcription. 

TuLfcY,  one  cf  Ae  military  tow*- 

ibips 


I' 


■) 


ttJf 

ftlps  of  Onondago  co.  New-Yotk,  hav- 
ing Sempronius  on  the  weft,  and  Fa- 
bius  6h  the  eaft.  It  is  within  the  jurif- 
didHon  of  Pumpey,  and  lies  ao  miles  S. 
E.  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake. 

TvLPfiHocKEN,  a  branch  of  the 
Schuylkill,  which  empues  into  that  riv- 
tr  at  Reading.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a 
-town  of  Penmylvania,  in  Lancailer  co. 
'6  miles  weft  of  Middletown»  and  65 
north-weftof  Philadelphia.  Talpehock- 
cn  creek  or  river,  and  QuitapahilU,  lead 
within  4  miles  of  each  other.  The  wa- 
ter cor^'iunication  between  Schuylkill 
and  Sufquehannah  muft  be  formed  over 
a  trad  of  country  of  about  46  miles  in 
extent,  from  river  to  river,  in  a  ftraight 
line;  but  about  60  miles  as  the  navigation 
muft  go.  This  traft  is  cut  by  the  above 
a  creeks.  The  bottom  c^  the  canal, 
-through  which  tfie  navigation  muft  pafs, 
will  not  here  rife  more  than  30  feet  above 
the  level  of  tlie  head  waters  of  the  above 
a  creeks ;  nor  fo  much  as  400  feet  above 
the  level  of  th(  ivaters  of  Sufquehannah 
or  Schuylkill. 

TuM BBz,  a  town  in  the  road  to  Li- 
ma and  Peru,  in  South-America,  7 
leagues  from  Salto»  a  place  for  landing 
■of  goods  configned  to  this  place,  and  in 
lilt.  312  z6  i>.  Near  this  town  is  a 
river  of  the  fame  name,  which  empties 
into  the  bay  of  Guayaquil.  It  has  near 
.70  cane  houfes. 

ToMBLiNGi)<iw,on  Delawareriver, 
is  about  a*  miles  above  Trenton. 

Tun  BRIDGE,  a  townlhip  of  Ver- 
mont, Orange  co.  i»  miles  weft  of  Thet- 
ford.    It  contains  487  inhabitants. 

TtiNiA,  a  city  of  New-Granada,  in 
Terra  Firma. 

.  T  u  N  J  A,  a  town  of  Ne  w-Granada  and 
,Terra  Firma,  in  South-America.  Near 
tt  are  mines  of  gold  and  emeralds.  The 
^r  is  temperate,  and  the  foil  fruitful.  It 
is  about  30  miles  ibuth-weft  of  Truxillo. 
.K.  kt.  4  51,  W.  Icmg.  71 10. 

T  u  N  K  K  R  s .    See  Ephrata. 
»    TuNKHANMOCK,   a   townflilp  and 
^creck  in   Luzem^   co.  Pennfylvania. 
•The  creek  is  a  water  of  Sufqtvehannah. 
■     Tu  PI  N  AM  B  AS,  the  name  of  a  famous 
nation  who  inhabited  Brazil  on  its  iirft 
difcovery  by  the  Portuguefe.     They 
left  their  chief  abode  about  Rio  de  Janei- 
'Tts  and  wandered  up  to  the  parts  near 
the  Amazon,  where  the  Tapayos  are 
now  the  defcendants  of  that  brave  peo- 
ple.   Their  migration  and  hiftory  are 
fully  defcrlbed  by  Father  Ddcunha^ 


t  tt  i. 

TVtLK  Bamha,  a  fpaciou)  pl^n  of 
Peru,  in  Soijth-Americii,  at  the  extrcfn- 
ity  of  which  ftands  the  city  of  Quito. 
To  this  plain  there  is  a  road  from  Gua- 
yaquil. 

TuRBET,  a  townfhip  of  Pennfylva- 
nia, on  Sufquehonndi  river.  See  Nor- 
thumberiand  County. 

TURiANO,  a  river  on  the  north  coaft 
of  South-America,  3  leagues  to  the  eaft 
of  the  iflands  Barbarata.  Near  it  is  a 
fait  pond  which  fumifties  all  the  coaft 
with  Ikit,  and  there  is  h^irbour  tind  road 
for  fliips  to  ride  in. 

Turkish  IJlands,  a  group  of  litde 
iflands,  called  alfo  Ananasy  lince  they 
are  the  iflaiids  of  Dofi  JJifso  Lueng», 
thus  called  by  him  who  difcovered  them. 
They  are  more  than  30  leagues  north  of 
Point  Ifabelique,  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo. 

Turkey,  a  fmall  town  of  New-Jer- 
fey,  Eflex  co.  14  miles  north-wefterly 
of  Elizabeth-Town,  and  179  Borth-eaft 
of  Philadelphia. 

To  R KEY  Foot,  in  Youghiogany  river, 
i«  the  point  6f  junftion  of  the  great  S. 
Branch,  Litde  Croflings  from  the  fouth. 
eaft,  and  N.  Branch  from  the  north- 
ward.  It  is  35  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  nver,  »a  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Ber- 
Hn,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  36  north-eaft 
of  McTgantown.    N.  lat.  39  44> 

TwKKBY  Point,  a  promontory  on  the 
north  fide  of  Lake  Erie,  lies  oppolite  to 
Prefc^ue  Ifle,  on  the  fouth  (tde,  about 
50  miles  acrois. 

j'uRKEY  i>«/0/,  atthe  head  of  Chef- 
apeak  Bay,  is  a  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  waters  of  the  bay  on  the  north-weft, 
and  thofe  of  Elk  river  on  thefouth-eaft^ 
It  is  about  15}  miles  fouth-weft  of  Elk- 
ton,  and  44  north-eaft  of  Annapolis. 
Here  the  Britilh  army  landed,  in  Auguft, 
17^7,  before  they  advanced  to  Philadel- 
phia. 

Turks  Fjlands,  fevend  finall  iflands 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  about  3,5  league* 
north-eaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo>- 
and  about  60  to  the  fouth-eaft  of  Crook- 
ed Ifland.  The  Bcmaudians  frequendy 
come  hither  and  make  a  great  quantity 
of  fait,  and  the  ihips  which  fail  from  St. 
Domingo  commonly  pafs  within  fight  of 
them.    N.  lat.  %i  18,  W.  long.  715. 

Turner,  a  townfhip  of  the  DiftriA 
of  Maine,  Cumberland  co.  on  the  weft 
bankof  Androfcoggin  river,  vhich  di- 
vides it  from  Green  in  Lincoln  co.  It 
was  incorporaied  in  (786,  contains  349 

inhabitants^ 


T  U  3 


T  Y  N 


ihhabitaDtSt  and  lies  171  miles  north  of 
Bofton,  and  31  fouth-wcil  of  HaUowell. 

Turtle  IJland^  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean)  is  nearly  a  Icagqe  long,  and  not 
half  fo  broad.  It  is  furrounded  by  a 
reef  of  coral  rocks,  that  have  no  found- 
ings without  thetn.  S.  lat.  x^  49,  W. 
long.  177  57. 

1  URTLE  Crteki  in  Pennfylvania,  a 
fmall  dream  which  empties  through  tlie 
£.  bank  of  Monungahela  river,  about 
la  miles  from  the  mouth  of  that  river, 
9X  Pittfburg.  At  the  head  of  this  creek, 
General  Braddock  engaged  a  party  of 
Indians,  the  othof  July,  1755,  on  his 
way  to  Fort  au  Quefne,  now  Pittfburg, 
where  he  was  repulfed,  himfelf  killed, 
his  army  put  to  night,  and  the  remains 
of  tlie  army  brought  ofF  the  field  by  the 
addrefs  and  courage  of  Colonel,  after- 
wards General  Wa^iington. 

Turtle  B^vcry  in  Georgia,  empties 
into  St.  Simon's  Sound,  and  its  bar  has 
%  fufficiency  of  water  for  the  largeft 
▼eflel  that  fwims.  At  its  mouth  is  the 
town  of  Brunfwick,  which  has  a  noble 
and  capacious  harbour.  The  town  is 
regularly  laid  out,  but  not  yet  built. 
The  lands  oi.  the  banks  of  this  river  are 
faid  to  be  cxci^llent. 

TuRY,  a  jfivcr  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
in  S.  Amc.ica,  40  leagues  £.  S.  £.  of 
the  river  C  avta.  The  Uland  of  St.  John 
lies  juft  oiFthe  river's  mouth,  and  makes 
a  very  good  harbour  on  the  infide  of  it. 
But  tne  pailage  both  in  and  out,  is  diffi- 
cult, and  no  pilots  are  to  be  had. 

TuscALOMsA,  a  river  of  W.  Florida. 
See  Pearl  Riter. 

TuscARORA  Creek,  a  Irnall  ftream  of 
Pennfylvania,  which  e»npties  through 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  Juniatta  river,  la 
miles  ibuthreaftward  of  Le widow.). 

Tusc  AROR  A  ritla^esj  lie  a  mile  from 
each  other,  4  miles  from  Queenftown, 
in  Upper  Canada,  containing  togeth* 
er  about  40  decayed  houfes.  Vediges 
of  ancient  fortifications  are  vifible  in 
this  neighbourhood.  The  Indian  houfes 
are  about  xa  feet  fquarc ;  many  of  them 
are  wholly  covered  with  bark,  others 
have  the  walls  of  logs,  in  the  fame  man* 
ner  as  the  firft  fettlers  among  white 
people  built  their  huts,  having  chimnies 
in  which  they  keep  comfortable  fires. 
Many  of  them,  however,  retain  the 
ancient  cuftom  of  having  the  fire  in  the 
cetftre  of  the  houfe.  The  lands  in  the 
vicinity  are  of  a  good  quality. 

YusCAROR  AB,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in 


t" 


the  State  of  New-York.  They  migi^- 
cd  from  North-Carolina,  about  the  year 
1 71a,  and  were  adopted  by  the  C^eidas, 
witli  whom  they  have  lince  lived,  on  the 
fuppofition  that  they  were  originally  the 
fame  tribe,  from  an  affiuiiy  which  there 
is  in  their  language.  They  now  con- 
dft  of  ubuiit  400  ibuls,  their  village  i» 
between  Kahnanwolohale  ard  Newr 
Stockbridge,  on  Tufcar^ra  or  Oncid^ 
Creek.  They  receive  an  annuity  of 
about  400  aoUars  from  the  United 
States. 

TusKARAWi,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
head  water  of  Mufkingum  river.  It  ii 
alfo  called  Tufcarawas. 

TuTAPAN,a  large  town  on  the  W, 
coaft  of  New-Mexico,  in  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean.  From  the  river  Sacatuica,  the 
high  and  rugged  land  extends  N.  W. 
aj  Icagufes.  ,, 

Twelve  Isles,  or  T'weke -^poftlett 
iflcs  on  the  S.  fide  of  Lake  Superioiy 
and  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Weft 
Bay. 

Tw£ntt  Mate  Creek,  an  eaftem 
branch  of  Tombigbce  river,  in  Georgiar» 
which  runs  firft  a  S,  by  E.  courfe,  tneo 
turns  to  the  S.  W.  Its  mouth  lies  in 
about  lat.  .■jj  33  N.  and  long.  88  W. 

Twenty  Five  Mile  Pond,z  fettle- 
mcnt  in  Lincoln  co.  Diftri^  of  Maine^ 
See  titcomb. 

TvviGHTWEES,a  tribe  of  Indians,  ia 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  inhabiting  near 
Miami  river  and  Fort.  Warriors  aooi. 
See  Wanuiachtonos. 

Tybee  inand,  on  the  coaft  of  Geor. 
gia,  lies  at  tiie  mouth  of  Savannah  river, 
to  the  fouthward  of  the  bar.  It  is  very 
pleafant,  with  a  beautiful  creek  to  the 
W.  of  it,  where  a  fhip  of  any  burden 
may  lie  fafe  at  anchor.  A  light-houfe 
ftands  on  the  ifland,  80  feet  high,  and 
in  lat.  3a  N.  and  long.  8i  ro  W.  The 
light-houfe  is  1  miles  E.  S.  E.  fc  E.  from 
Savannah,  and  6  S.  W.  i  W.  from  Port^ 
Royal. 

Tyboine,  a  townfhip  of  Pennfylva- 
nia, in  Cumberland  county. 

Tycart's  Vallej,  in  Pennfylvania, 
lies  on  Monongahela  river. 

Tycer,  a  fmall  river  of  S.  Carolina, 
rifes  in  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and, 
taking  a  S.  E.  courfe  nearly  parallel  tu 
Enoree  river,  empties  into  Broad  river, 
5  miles  above  the  Enoree. 

Tynosborougm,  a  townfhip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Middlefex  co.  on  Morriniaek 
river,  31  miles  north  of  Bolton. 

TvRI^^(3HA^*, 


''] 


*.  <  ■' 


\J1L1 

Tl^i^c«AM,  a  townfhip  of  Mafla- 
chufettsy  Bef kfhire  co.  It  contains  1397 
iohabitants,  lies  14  miles  from  the  ihire 
luwn,  and  140  weft  of' Boftun. 

Tyron E,  two  tmvnihips  of  Pennfy;!- 
♦ania  j  the  One  in  York  co.  the  other  in 
that  of  Cumberland. 

Tr  R  R  t  L,  a  maritime  county  of  Eden* 
ton  diftri^,  N.  Carolina ;  bounded  N. 
by  Roanoke  river  and  Albemarle  Sound, 
and  fouth  by  Beaufort.  It  is  generally 
a  low,  flat,  and  fwampy  country,  and 
contains  4744  iohabitaats,  iocludiog 
ki76  Haves. 


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j.,,,„ 


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1   ' -*••»»'•  • 


fji!'*'-i,i'<i-'^s 


UCAH,  Portf  on  the  N.  W.  Coaft 
of  North>America,  is  iituated  on 
Washington's  iHand,  fouth  of  Port  Gey- 
er,  and  north  of  Port  Sturgis.  At  its 
mouth  are  Needhani's  Ides.  The  mid- 
4ilc  of  the  entrance  of  this  bay  is  in  lat. 
S%  aj  N. 

UcAYALA  divert  a  fouth  branch  of 
Aouzon  rivttr. 

UcHE,  an  Indian  town  fituated  oh  the 
Cliau  Uche  river.  It  is  (Ituated,  ac- 
cording to  Bartram,  on  a  vaft  plain,  and 
is  the  Targeft,  moll  compa^,  and  beft 
fituated  Indian  town  he  ever  faw.  The 
liabitations  are  large,  and  neady  built ; 
the  walls  of  ijie  houfes  are  conftriided 
of  a  wooden  frame,  then  lathed  and 
plaiftercd  indde  and  out  with  a  reddiih 
well  tenxpered  clay  or  morur,  which 
gives  them  the  appearance  of  red  brick 
walls  ;  and  the  roofs  are  neatly  covered 
withl^yprefs  bark,  or  fhingies.  The 
town  appears  populous  and  thriving, 
full  of  youth  and  young  children  ;  and 
is  fuppofed  to  conuin  about  1500  iuhab- 
itaots.  They  are  able  to  mutter  500 
cun-roen  or  warriors.  Their  national 
language  is  radically  dilTerent  from  the 
Creek  or  Mufcogulge  tongue,  and  is 
called  the  Savanna  or  Savanuca  tongue. 
It  is  faid  to  be  the  fame  or  a  dialect  of 
the  Shawanefe..  Although  in  confed- 
eracy with  the  Creeks,  tlity  do  not  mix 
with  them  ;  and  are  of  importance 
enough  to  excite  the  jealoufy  of  the 
whole  Mufcogulge  confederacy,  and  are 
wliwlly  at  variance,  yet  arc  wife  enough 
to  unite  tgainft  a  common  enemy  to  fup- 
port  the  mtctcft  of  tlie  general  Creek 
Confederacy. 

Muii'tiA,  (Mie  of  the  Society.IilanUs 


in  ihe  S.  ftcific  Ocean,  is  abotit  7  Of  § 
leagues  from  the  ifland  of  Huaheine,  at 
S.  W.  by  W.  There  are  9  uninhabited 
iflands  weft  of  it.  The  foudi  end  lies  in 
lat.  16  ss  S.  and  long,  if  i  toW. 

Ulloa,  or  St.  yohn  de  Vtha,  near  the 
weft  fhore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Ulster,  a  mountainous  and  hilly 
county  of  New-York,  containing  all 
that  part  of  the  State  boimded  eafterly 
by  the  middle  of  Hudibn's  river,  fouth- 
erly  by  the  county  of  Orange,  wefterly 
by  the  State  of  Pennfylvania,  and  the 
Wcfft  branch  of  Delaware  river,  and 
northerly  by  the  county  of  Albany.  In 
1790,  it  contained  19,397  inhabiunts, 
including  4,906  (laves.  In  1 796,  there 
were  4,429  of  the  inhabitants  qualified 
to  be  eleftors.  It  is  divided  into  16 
townfliips.  Chief  town,  Kingfton.  A 
part  of  this  county  and  that  of  Otfego, 
were  ereAed  into  a  feparate  couhty, 
January,  1797. 

Ulysses,  one  of  the  military  town* 
fhips  in  Onondago  CO.  New-York,  fitu- 
ated at  the  ibuthern  end  of  Cayuga 
r^ke,  having  HeAor  on  the  weft,  and 
Dryden  on  the  eaft,  which  lalt  townfhip 
is  included  Within  the  jurifdifllion  of 
UlylTes,  which  was  incorporated  in  1 794'. 
In  1796,  38  of  the  inhabitants  were 
electors. 

Umbagoo,  a  large  lake  of  New- 
Hampfhire,  next  in  fize  to  Lake  Wini- 
pifeogee.  It  lies  in  Grafton  co.  and  a 
imall  part  of  it  in  the  Diftridl  of  Maine. 

Unadilla,  a  river  of  the  State  of 
New- York,  called  alfo  Tiaitaderha^  runs 
fouth  ward,  and  joining  the  Main  Branch, 
forms  Chenengo  river. 

Unadilla,  a  townfhip  of  New- York, 
Otfego  CO.  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
main  oranch  of  Chenengo  river.  It  is 
about  no  miles  fouth- weft  of  Albany  ; 
and,  in  1 796, 50a  of  its  inhabitants  werd 
elediors.  In  the  fame  year,  the  town* 
fhips  of  SufFrage,Otfego,  and  Butternutt^ 
were  taken  from  this  townfhip,  and  in- 
corporated. 

U  N  A  It  A  Mountain.    See  Tennejjee. 

Unami,  a  tribe  of  the  Delaware  In- 
dians,  conddered  to  be  the  head  of  that 
nation. 

U  N  I)  £R  HI  LI.,  a  townfhip  6f  Vermont, 
Chittenden  co.  1^  milt^S  eaft  of  Colchef 
ter,  and  contains  6$  inhabitants. 

Union,  a  county,  oC  ^outh-CardKoff, 
Pinckney  diftrift,  c6ntaining  7,69;^  is- 
habitunts,  of  wiu>n)  ^430  Mre  white;;, 
Piud  1,2 1 J  flRTCS.    It  fends  two  repre- 

featativea. 


L    Th 


St 

1c 


1^ 


tJNl 

ihitauves  and  one  fenator  to  the  State 
kgiflature.    Chief  town,  PinckneyvilJe. 

Union,  a  rocky  townfliip  in  Tolland 
CO.  Connedticut,  weft  of  Woodftock, 
and  about  iz  miles  N.  £.  of  Tolland; 

U  N I  o  N ,  a  townlhip  of  the  Dillrift  of 
Maine,  Lincoln  co.  containing  zoo  in- 
habitants. It  was  incorporated  in  1786) 
and  lies  290  miles  from  Boflon. 

Union,  a  poft-town  of  the  State  of 
Kew-York»  Tioga  co.  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Sufquehannah  nvert  and  weft  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Chenengo,  i2t  miles  S.  £. 
by  £.  of  William(burg,  on  Genefl'ee 
riverj  14  E.  N.  E.  of  Athens,  or  Tioga 
Point,  9a  8.  W.  of  Cooperftown,  aad 
340  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia.  In 
X796,  diere  were  in  the  townihip,  284 
of  the  inhabitants  qualified  eledots. 

Union  Rivera  or  Plantation  No.  6,  in 
the  Diftridt  of  Maine,  is  iituateJ  in 
Hancock  co.  25  miles  N.  £i  of  Penob- 
fcot. 

Union  Rive)',  in  the  county  of  Hati- 
cock,  Diftri(5t  of  Maine,  empties  into 
Bl}ie  Hill  Bay,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Penob- 
icot  Bay.  Long-Idand,  in  this  bay,  is 
in  lat.  44  ij,  and  long.  67  45. 

Union-Town,  a  poft-town  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  Fayette  co.  on  Redftone  Creek. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  ftone  gaol,  and  a 
brick  court-houfe,  and  about  80  d  wcUing- 
houfes.  Near  it  are  two  valuable  mer- 
ohafit  mills4  It  is  the  feat  of  the  coun- 
ty courts,  and  is  14  miles  S.  by  Ei  of 
Brownfville,  where  Redftone  Creek 
enters  the  Monongahcla*  58  miles  Si  of 
Pittfburg,  44  N.  E.  of  Mqrgantown,  in 
Virginia,  aud  327  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Unitas,  a  village  of  N.  CaioHnai 
fituated  at  the  head  of  Oargal's  Creek. 

UNITED  STATES.  The  United 
States  df  America  occupy,  perhaps,  the 
39th  part  of  the  habitable  globe,  and 
the  199th  part  of  the  whole.  They  are 
clafled  in  3  grand  divifions. 
h    yi-?  New-England,  <?r  Eastern, 

cr  Northern  States,  viz. 
••     •   Vermont,  ,1  .j^  ^ 

"-    Ncw-Hampsrirr,     - 

Ma«»achi/setts,  including  th« 

^,  t,    l)i»f  RiCT  or  Maine, 
'  Vi  ^   Rhode-Island,  and       "     i 
Connecticut. 
Jtl.  Tie  Middle  States. 


#• 


New-Yoric, 

New-jERSEr,  ' 

Pennsylvania,     :,   , 
Uilaware,  and 
Uo%T»-Wttt  Territorv., 


AH 


UNI 

lU.  The  Southern  SxAtEiv  t* 
Maryland,       .  .     .   y 
YmoiNiA,  • 

Kentbckv, 
North-Carolina, 

TeNNE«SEE,  -     V   : 

South-Carolina,  and  * 

Georgia. 
There  grand  divifions,  as  alfo  the  differ- 
ent States,  have  been  already  d^fcribed  ; 
to  which  we  refer  the  reader.  The  ter* 
fitbry  of  the  United  Stotes  is  in  length 
1,250  miles,  and  in  breadth  1040,  lying 
between  31  and  46  N.  lat.  and  between 
64  and  96  W.  long,  from  London  ; 
bounded  north  and  eaft  by  Britiih  Ame- 
rica, or  the  provinces  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada,  and  New-Brunfwick ; 
fouth-eaft  by  tlie  Adantlc  Oceah  ;  fouth 
by  Eaft  and  Weft  Florida,  and  weft  by 
the  river^Millifippi.  According  to  Mfi 
Hutchins,  it  contains,  by  cumputation^ 
a  million  of  fquate  miles,  in  wmch  are 

646,000,000  acres 
Dedudt  for  wateir        51,000,000 

Acres  of  land  in  tlie  7    « 

United  States  j  589.000,000 
The  largeft  rivers  liiat  border  upon,  or 
pafs  through  the  United  Statesj  are  MlC- 
iifippiy  Ohio,  and  Tenncffee,  on  the  weft 
lide  of  die  Alleghany  Mountains ;  and 
the  Alatamaha,  Savannah^  Santce,  Cape 
Fear,  Roanoke,  James,  Pat.  'mac,  Suf- 
quehannah, Delaware,  Hudfon,  Con- 
nedlicut,  Merrimack,  Pifcataqna,  An- 
drofcoggin,  keunebeck,  and  Penbbfcot, 
whcfe  general  courfes  are  froni  north- 
weft  and  north,  to  S.  E.  and  fouth,  and 
which  empty  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  United  States  enibofom  fome  of  the 
largeft  lakes  in  tlie  v/orld.  The  raoft 
remarkable  lie  in  a  chain  along  their 
northern  boundary  upon  the  Canada 
line,  and  are  lakes  Superior,  Michigan, 
Huron,  Erie,  Ontario,  Chainplaine* 
George,  Meinphr'eni:tgog,  Wioipifcp- 
gee,  and  Umbagog.  The  moft  reniark-i 
tible  fwamps  are  OuaquaphenogaW,  6f 
Eknanfanoka,  nearly  300  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.in  the  State  of  Georgia ;  the 
two  Dlfmals  in  Nortli-Caroiina,  of  ira- 
nienfe  extent,  each  containing  a  large 
lake  in  its  centre  ;  and  Buftaloe  Swamp^ 
in  the  north-weftern  parts  of  Pennfylva- 
nia.  The  principal  mountains  in  the 
United  Stutes  are  Agamenticus,  in 
Maine  ;  the  White  iMoUntains  and  Mo- 
nadnock,  in  New-HamplTiire  ;  Waciiu- 
fett,  in  Mankchufetts  ;  the  Green  Moan- 
•  '  '-i--  y-  -.■■»-  Uiaup 


■J 


I 


tTNf 

toins,  .in  Vermont ;  and  the  Alleghany 
Mountains*  about  900  miles  in  length, 
and  from  150  to  450  in  breadth.    The 
face  of  the  country,  generally  fpeaking, 
is  agreeably  variegated  with  plains  and 
mountains,  vales  and  hills.    New-Eng- 
bnd  is  an  uneven,  hilly  and  rocky  coun- 
try.   A  broad  fpace,  including  all  the 
branches  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
commencing  at  H«d&i's  river  in  New- 
York,  and  extending  circuitoufly  Ibuth- 
Urefterly  through  all  the  States  weftward 
and  fouthward,  Delaware  exceptedf  is 
mountainous.  Eaftward  of  thefe  moun- 
tains, quite  to  the  fea-coaft,  a  border  of 
from  60  to  100  miles,  and  fometimes 
more,  in  breadth,  is  a  remarkably  level 
country,  and  in  the  fouthern  States  free 
of  ftone.   Weft  of  this  range  of  moim- 
fains,  is  a  fine,  and  charmingly  diverlifiied 
country,  \vell  watered,  fertile,  temper- 
ate, and  increa(ing  in  popdation  with 
unexampled  rapidity.     Every  fpecies 
of  foil  that  the  earth  affords  may  be 
found  ih  the  United  States  j  and  all  the 
Various  kinds  of  fruits,  grain-,  pulfe,  and 
garden  plants-  and  roots  which  are  found 
m  Europe ;  befides'  a  great  variety  of 
native  vegetable  produiftions.    Tobac- 
co, rice,  mdigo,  wheat,  c'orff,  cbtton, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  buck--wheat,  flax,  and 
Kemp,  are  among  the  principal  produc- 
tions of  the  United  States.    The  Unit- 
ed States  conftitute  what  may,  with 
ftrift  propriety,  be  cailed  a  Republjg. 
It  conlifts  of  16  feparate,  independent 
States,  having  governors,  conftitutions 
and  aws  of  their  own,  united  under  a 
general,  federal  conftitutioil  of  govern- 
ment, adminiftered  by  an  elefli^e  head, 
and  by  a  proportionate  number  of  repre- 
fentatives  of  the  people  from  all  the 
States.    The  merchants  of  this  country 
carry  on  an  extenirve  foreign  trade  with 
Kufha,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Hamburgh, 
United     Netherlands,     Great-Britain, 
Auftrian  Netherlands  and    Gennany, 
France,  Spain,  Portugal,  and  It^Jf,  xn 
turope — with  Morocco,  andfeveral  otli- 
er  parts  of  Africa — ^with  China,  and  va- 
rious Afiatic  countries,  and  the  Eaft- 
india  Iflands — with  the  Weft-Indies, 
and  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America. 
The  principal  articles  exported  are  fifh, 
lumber,  live  ftock,   beef,  pork,  flour, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  rice,  indi- 
go, flax-feed,  pot  and  pearl  afhes,  iron, 
Sec.    The  exports  of  the  year  ending 
Sept.  30, 1796,  amourttcd  to  67,064,097 
deUars.    Sue  years  before,  the  value  of 


vtii 

exports  was  but  about  18  millions  el 
dollars.  The  tea  imported  into  the 
United  States  in  1791,  diredlly  from 
China,  was  3,601,853  lbs.  and  the  price:^ 
in  Philadelphia  33  per  cent,  lower 
than  in  London,  the  drawback  df duel- 
ed. The  export  of  failed  beef  and  pork, 
in  1791,  was  66,000  barrels.  The  fifli- 
■  ing  trade  of  the  United  States  is  render- 
ed peculiarly  important  as  a  means  of 
defence  or  of  annoying  the  commerce  of 
hoftile  nations,  from  the  circumftance 
that  the  Republic  has  not  yet  adopted 
a  naval  eftablifliment.  The  fifliermen, 
while  that  continues  to  be  the  cafe,  may 
be  tranfmuted  by  war  immediately  into 
a  corps  of  privateerfmen,  and  their  fliips 
into  private  veflels  of  war ;  becaufe  the 
navy  of  any  hoftile  nation  will  fufpend 
liic  tiflieries,  as  long  as  there  is  no  naval* 
force  to  oppofe  them.  The  amazing 
importance  of  the  fiftieries  to  the  United 
States  is  evident  from  an  infpedion  of 
the  records  of  only  the  two  counties  of 
SuflFblk  and  £^x,  which  comprife 
the  fea-ports  of  fifbfton,  Salem,  Marble- 
head,  Beverly,  Ipfwich,  Newbiu7-Port, 
Gloucefter,  and  Haverhill.  It  appears 
that  there  were  taken,  brought  in,  and 
libelled,  in  the  maritime  eourt  of  thefe 
two  counties,  during  the  late  war,  1,095 
veffels  with  their  cargoes  ;  and  13  car- 
goes taken  from  fucii  fliips  as  had  been 
abandoned  after  capture  ;  making  in 
the  whole  t  ioS<  k  has  been  ftated  by 
a  Britifti  premier^  in  tlie  Britilh  Houfe 
of  Conimons,  that  the  number  of  veflels 
belonging  to  Great-Bri'^ain  in  1774,  was 
6,»i9  failf  of  which,  3,908  were  Brit- 
ifli  built,  and  2,311  American  built. 
Thus  above  a  fixth  part  of  all  their  vet 
fels  were  brought  in  as  prizes  by  them 
into  the  ports  of  the  United  States,  with 
cargoes  of  great  value,  compofed  of  ev- 
ery fpecies  of  military  and  domeftic  fup- 
ply,  m  a  feafon  of  the  utmof.  emergen- 
cy. It  is  likewife  con/edured  by  weU 
informed  perfons  that  55  per  cent,  of 
all  the  captures  was  made  by  die  peo- 
ple of  Maflachufetts.  The  capital  ports 
tor  large  fliips,  in  die  United  States 
ftand  thus  ranked^  Newport,  in  Rhodc- 
Ifland  ;  Portland,  in  the  Diftridt  of 
Maine ;  and  New- York.  Several  im- 
portant branches  of  manufadtures  have 
grown  up  and  flouriflied  willi  a  rapidity 
which  furprifes  ;  affording  an  encour- 
aging aflurance  of  fuccefs  in  future  at- 
tempts. Of  thefe  tlie  following  are  the 
mole  conOderable,  viz.  of  Sktnr — tanned 


■■v^'»'J:^'ir'.fl7W^:'/" 


■fllMJiriM'll  HJ^iWH' 


llnd  tawed  leathers,  drefled  (kins,  fhoes, 
iboots,  and  flippers,  h;irnefs  and  faddle- 
ry  of  all  kinds,  portmanteaus  and  trunks, 
leather  breeches,  gloves,  mufis  and  tip- 
pets, parchment  and  glue.    Of  Iron- 
tax  and  flieet  iron,  ileel,  nail-rods,  and 
Bails,  implements  of  husbandry,  ftoves, 
pots,  ana  other  hoiifehold  utenfils,  the 
ileel  and  iron  work  of  carriages  and  fo; 
Alip-building,  anchors,  fcale-beams  and 
weights,  and  various  tools  of  artificers  ; 
arms  of  all    kinds.    Of  ^o^^diips, 
cabinet  wares,  and  turnery,  wool  and 
cotton  cards,  and  other  jnachinery  ibr 
manufaAures  andhufbandry,  mathemat- 
ical  inftruments,  coopers'  wares  of  cv- 
«ry  kind.    Of  Flax  and  Jfew;/*— cables, 
faiUcioth,  cordage,   twine  and  pack- 
Sthread.    Of  Clay — bricks  and   coarfe 
tiles,  and  potters*  wares.    Ardent  fpir- 
its^  and   nialt   liquors.    Writing  and 
printing  paper,  fheathingand  wrapping 
|>aper,  padeboard^  fullers'  or  pre(s  pa- 
pers,  and  paper    hangings.     Books. 
Hatts  of  fur  and  wool,  and  mixtures  of 
both.     Women's  ftuff  and  filk  fhoes. 
Refined   fugars.     Chocolate.     Oil   of 
animals  and  feeds.     Soap,  fpermaccti 
and  tallow  candles  ^  copper  and  brafs 
wares ;  particularly  uteniils  for  d'ilil- 
lers,  fugar  refiners,  and  brewers ;  andi- 
rons and  other  articles  ibr  houfehold 
ufe;   clocks,  philofophical  apparatus; 
tin  wares  of  almoft  all  kinds  for  ordina- 
ry ufe ;  carriages  of  all  kinds ;  fnuiF, 
ihioakifTg  and  chewing  tobacco ;  ftarch, 
and  hair-powder ;  lampblack,  and  oth- 
,er  painters*  colours j  printers'  ink,  mag- 
neua,  gunpowder,    fiefides  the  manu- 
fadhires  of  thefe  articles,  which  are  ear- 
ned on  as  regular  trades,  and  have  at- 
tained to  a  confiderable  degree  of  ma- 
turity, there  is  a  vaft  fcene  of  hoiife- 
Jiold  manufaifluring,  which  contributes 
very  largely  to  the  Supply  of  the  com- 
munity.   Religion  here,  is  placed  on  its 
proper  bafis,  without  the   feeble  and 
unwarranted  aid  of  the  civil  power,  and 
is  left  to  be  fupported  by  its  own  evi- 
(dence,  by  the  lives  of  its  profeffors,  and 
by  the  almighty  care  of  its  Divine  Au- 
thor.   The  following  denominations  of 
Chriftians  are  more  or  lefs  numerous, 
viz.    Congregationalifts,  Prcfbyterians, 
Ppilcopalians,  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
Baptifts,  Quakers,  Methodifts,  Roman 
Catholics,  Germa  n  Lutherans,  German 
Calvinifts,  Moravians  or  United  Breth- 
ren of  the  Epifcopal  church,  Tunkers, 
jD^^nnonifts,  Utuveifalilb,  and  Shakcis. 


tJ  P  P 

There  arc  a  few  Jews ;  and  many  Wh* 
rejeft  revealed  religion  as  unneceffary, 
inconvenient,  and  Tabulous,  and  plead 
the  fiifficiency  of  natural  religion,  la 
1700,  there  were  about  3,950,000  in* 
habitants  in  the  United  States ;  697,69^ 
of  whom  were  flaves.  The  prefent 
number  is  probably  above  four  milliont 
and  a  half,  made  up  of  alnioft  all  the 
different  nations  of  Europe,  but  princi- 
pally of  the  defcendants  of  the  Englifh 
nation.  The  military  ftrength  of  this 
country  lies  in  a  well  difciplmed  militia 
of  about  900,000  brave  and  independ- 
ent freemen,  and  an  army  of  about  3  or 
4,000  men  to  defend  the  fiNsntiers  oi 
the  Union,  and  to  man  the  feveral  for- 
trefles  in  the  different  parts  of  the  U- 
nited  States.  The  fum  voted  by  Con- 
grefs  to  fupport  the  naval  and  military 
eftablifhment  of  the  United  States  for 
1796  was  1,818,873  dollars.  The  civil 
lift  is  about  300^000  dollars  annually. 
jSee  jitfieHca,  North- America^  &c. 

Unity,  a  fettlement  in  Lincoln  cq. 
Diftri6t  of  Maine,  between  the  Weft 
Ponds,  7  or  8  miles  weft  of  Sidney, 
oppolite  ro  Vaflaiborough,  and  15 
miles  north-weft  of  JEIallowell.  It  lies 
on  Sandy  xivcr,  about  16  miles  from  its 

plQUth. 

Unity,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  fituated  in  Chefhire  co.  a  few 
miles  nbrth-eaft  of  Charlcfton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains  538 
inhabitants. 

Unity  7«<ty«,  in  Montgomery  co. 
Maryland,  lies  a  or  3  miles  from  Patux- 
ent  river,  n  from  Montgoinery  court- 
houfe,  and  34  northerly  of  the  city  of 
Waihington. 

Upatchawanan,  or  Teynifcamain^ 
a -Canadian  fettlement  in  N.America,  in 
lat.  47  17  30florth. 

Upper  AL.LOWAYS  Creeks  in  Salem 
co.New-Jerfey. 

Upper  Bald  Eague,  a  townlhip  of 
Pennfylvania,  in  Mifflin  county. 

Upi'er  District,  adi.iGon  of  Geor- 
gia, which  contains  the  counties  of 
Montgomery,  Wafliinston,  Hancock, 
Greene,  Franklin,  Oglethorpe,  Elbert, 
Wilkes,  Warren,  Columbia,  and  Rich- 
mond. 

Upper  Dublin,  a  townfhip  of  Penn^ 
fylvania,  in  Montgomery  county. 

Upper  Freehold,  a  townfhip  of 
New-Jerfey,  Monmouth  co.  adjoining 
to  Burlington  and  Middltfex  counties 
oa  the  north  and  foutb-weft,  and  Free* 

hold 


U  R  V 


VAC 


I 


1 


hold  OB  the  eaft.    It  contsuns  3,44s  in* 
habitants. 

Upper  Great  Monadnock,  in  the 
townfllip  ot  Lemington,  in  the  north- 
ealt  comer  of  Vermont,  on  Connecticut 
river. 

Upper  Hanover,  a  townfliip  of 
Pennfylvania,  Montgomery  county. 

Upper  Mak^bokougH)  a  poft- 
town  of  Maryland,  16  miles  fouth-eaft 
of  Bladenft)urg,  i j  north-eaft  of  Piicat- 
away,  and  j6%  fouth-weft  of  Pbiladel^ 
phia.  _  ' 

Upper  Milforu,  a  townfhip  of 
Pennfylvania,  Northampton  county. 

Upper  Penn's  Neck,  a  townfliip 
©f  Nevir- Jerfey,  Salem  county. 

Upper  Saura,  a  place  in  North-Car- 
olina, on  Dan  river,  about  aoo  miles 
from  Halifax, 

Uppcr  Savage  ^/7<2»(/^, in  Hudfon's 
Bay.  N.  lat.  6a  3a  30,  W.  long.  70  48. 
Upton,  a townflup of  Maflachufetts, 
Worcefter  co.  containing  yoo  inhabit- 
ants, difperfed  on  13,000  acres  ot  land, 
favourable  for  orcharding,  pafturage 
and  grafs.  It  is  weft  of  Sherburne  m 
Middldfex  co.  15  miles  fouth-eaft  of 
Worcefter,  and  38  fouth-weft  of  Poi- 
ton. 

Upright  J5dry,  near  the  weft  end  of 
the  .Straits  of  Magellan,  S.  lat.  53  8, 
W.  long.  75  35. 

Uracho,  a  river,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  South-America,  is  18  leagues  W.  N. 
W.  of  Caurora  river. 

Uragua,  a  province  in  the  eaft  di- 
vifion  of  Paraguay,  in  South-America, 
whoie  chief  town  is  Los  Royes. 

Ur  A?^o,  a  river  on  the  north  coaft  of 
S.  America,  which  enters  the  ocean  a- 
breaft  of  the  wefternmoft  of  the  Peritas 
Iflands,  about  3  leagues  weftward  of 
Comana  Bay.  It  only  admits  fmall  boats 
and  canoes,  Otchier  Bay  is  to  the  weft 
of  it. 

URBANNA,a  fmall  poft-town  of  Vir- 
einia,  Middlefex  co,  on  the  fouth-weft 
^de  of  Rappahannock  river,  21  miles 
from  Stingray  Point,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  73  fouth-eaft  of  Fredcrickf- 
burg,  J 3  eaft  by  fouth  of  Richmond,  28 
from  Tappabannock,  and  Z91  from 
Philadelphia.  Wheat  is  (hipped  from 
this  te  Europe,  and  Indian  corn,  kc.  to 
Uew-F.npland,  Nova-Scotia,  and  the 
Weft-Indies. 

'  Urvaio,  or  Urvatga,  a  province  of 
goutli-America ;  bounded  by  Guayra 
M  (he  piortb,  the  mouth  of  Hio  dp  l;i 


Plata  on  the' fouth,  the  captainryof  dej 
Key  on  the  eaft,  and  Parana  on  the  weft, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  of 
that  name.  Its  extent  is  from  lat.  zs 
to  33  ao  fouth  I  the  length  from  north- 
eaft  to  fouth-eaft  being  f  omewhat  abovn 
110  leagues,  and  the  breadth  from  eaf| 
to  weft,  where  broadeft,  130,  but  much 
narrower  in  other  parts.  It  is  divided 
by  the  river  Urvaiga,  or  Uruguay,  into 
the  eaft  and  weft  parts.  This  river  runs 
above  400  leagues,  the  upper  part  with 
a  prodigious  noife  among  rocks  and 
ftones,  and  falls  into  the  La  Plata  almoft 
oppofite  to  Buenos  Ayres. 

V iTh-ifAHJ HO  Laie.    Sci  Ui/ayan'^ 

Utawas,  a  river  which  divides  Up- 
per and  Lower  Canada,  and  falls  into 
Jelus  Lake,  ij8  miles  ibuth-weft  of 
Quebec.  It  receives  the  waters  of  Tim- 
rnHkamain  360  miles  from  its  mouth : 
8j  miles  above  it  is  called  Montreal 
river. 

Utrecht,  iV(«u,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  King's  CO.  Long-Iiland.  It  has  a 
Dutch  church,  and  contains  j;62  inhab- 
itants ;  of  whom  76  are  eledors,and  lod 
arc  (laves.  It  is  7  or  8  miles  fouthwar4 
of  New- York  city, 

Ux BRIDGE,  a  townfhip  of  MaHachu- 
fetts,  Worcefter  co.  41  miles  ibuth-weft 
of  Bofton.  It  was  taken  from  Mendon« 
and  incorporated  in  1747,  and  Northt 
bridge  was  afterwards  taken  froita  it.  It 
contains  180  dwelling-houfes,  and  1,308 
inhabitants.  It  is  bounded  fouth  bv  the 
State  of  Rhode-Ifland.  Not  far  from 
Shoe-log  Pond,  in  the  fouth-weft  part 
of  the  town,  there  is  an  iron  mine  which 
is.  iipproved  to  C9piiderabl(;  ti^riXita.g^» 

VACCAS,  Cayo,  one  of  the  Tortugas, 
or  Horida  Keys,  to  the  eaft  ward  of 
Bahia  Honda;  the  diftance  betweeq 
them  is  4  leagues,  and  the  coaft  in  its  dit 
redfion  turns  to  the  northward.  On  the 
S.  fide  of  Cayo  Vaccas,  "about  8  miles  from 
the  W'  end,  there  are  wells  of  frefh  wa- 
ter. A  th'^K  range  of  ifles  go  by  thii? 
name.  Ba)iia  Honda  is  in  lat.  14  35  N, 
Vacca,  called  alio  tlic  Cow'/,  or 
Neat' St  Tongw,  a  low  point  on  the  W, 
coail  o(  Chili,  in  S.  America, .  whicl) 
bounds  t|ie  bay  ot  Tongney  to  the  weftt 

\v«ud. 

Vachi, 


fjmi^im.k'ii^^>^^^pwrs'!:firf.''--t'',i''''^^r: 


of  del 

ueft. 

vcr  01 

lat.  25 
Dorth- 
aboyo 
m  eaii 
much 
ivided 
,  into 
er  runs 
t  with 
ks  and 
almoU: 


t  A  r 

Vachb,  or  Convs  IJlandy  lies  on  the  I 
Ibuth  coalt  of  the  fouthern  peninfula  of  I 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  is  about 
4^  leagues  long,  <ind  in  the  broadeft 
part  a  league  and  a  half,  from  N.  to  S. 
The  S.  point  is  3  leagues  £.  of  Point 
Abacou ;  and  in  lat.  18  4  N.  and  long, 
from  Paris  76  »  W.  It  has  a  very  good 
foil,  with  *  or  3  tolerable  ports,  and  lies 
very  conveniently  for  trade  with  the 
Spanifh  colonies  on  the  continent,  and 
with  Cayenne.  The  feamen  call  this 
AHi  Ifland,  a  corruption  from  Valb,  as 
it  is  pronounced. 

Vach  et  le  Torrbau,  or  Cjnu 
and  Bull  Rocks,  on  the  Ibuth  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  are  about  a  mile 
S.  E.  of  Cape  St.  Mary,  which  is  the 
|)oint  between  the  deep  bay  of  Placen- 
tia  on  the  W.  and  St.  Mary's  Bay  on 
the  eaft.  They  are  fair  above  water, 
but  there  are  others  near  them  which 
lurk  under  water. 

Vae's  IJia/id,  Aiithon%  a  fmall  ifland 
on  the  £.  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America. 
It  lies  to  the  Ibuthward  of  the  fandy 
Receif,  and  oppofite  to  it,  ^yhich  is  join- 
ed to  the  continent  by  a  bridge. 

y At SBAVX  I/land,  on  the  N,  fliore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  See  Ship  I/land, 

Valadolid,  or  Valladolidy  called  by 
the  Indians  Cot/iayagua,  is  the  chief 
city  of  the  province  of  Honduras,  in 
New  Spain.  It  is  the  feat  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, and  is  a  bifhop's  fee  fufiragant 
of  Mexico,  fmce  the  year  1552.  It  is 
Abated  on  a  plain,  30  miles  W.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Honduras,!?©  S,  W.  of  Trux- 
iiio,  and  65  S.  £.  pf  Merid^,  }i.  ht,. 
14  10,  W.  long.  51  ai. 

V  A  I.  u  I V 1 A .    See  Baldivia. 

Valbncia,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Caracas,  on  Terra  Fimia,  South-A- 
merica, about  80  miles  N.  of  Baraquici- 
meto,  and  ajo  W.  of  Cumana.  N,  lat, 
10,  W.  long.  67. 

Val^bv  Forge,  a  place  on  Schuyl- 
kill river,  15  miles  from  Philadelphia, 
Here  General  Washington  remained 
with  his  army,  in  huts,  during  the  win- 
|ter  of  1777,  after  the  Britifh  nad  taken 
pofleffioa  t»f  that  citv. 

yA;.PAiii^iso,  a  large  and  populous 
towp  of  Chili,  in  South-America,  hav- 
ing a  liaibour  forming  the  port  of  St.  Ja- 
go,  in  lat.  33'a  36  b.  and  long.  77  19 
W.  It  is  390  miles  E.  of  the  ifland  of 
J^an  Fernaodes.  It  carries  on  a 
iponlidcrable  trade  yrith  the  port  of 


V  E  a 

Vancouv«r'«  Forf,  in  Kentucky, 
ftands  at  the  junftion  of  the  two  branch- 
es of  Big  Sandy  river,  zo  miles  N.  of 
Harmar's  Station. 

Van  Dykes,  ^2/?  and  Little,  two  of 
the  fmaller  Virgin  Iflands,  lituatcd  to 
tlic  N.  W.  of  Toitola.  N.  lat.  i8  aj, 
W.  long.  63  15. 

Van N STOW N,  in  the  country  of  the 
Cherokees,  lies  on  a  branch  ot  Alubania 
river. 

Vase  River,  Au,  empties  into  the 
Miflifippi  from  the  N,  E.  3  mile;  below 
the  Great  Rock,  about  ^s  N.  W.  by  N. 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  about  ihe 
fame  diftancc  N.  W.  of  Fort  Mafliic.  It 
is  navigable  into  the  N.  W.  Territory 
about  60  miles,  through  a  rich  country, 
abounding  in  cxtenfive  natural  mead- 
ows, and  numberlefs  herds  ofbuflFaloc, 
deer,  &c.  It  is  about  eight  miles  above 
Cape  St.  Antonio. 

Vassalborough,  a  poft-town  of 
the  Diftrid  of  Maine,  in  Lincoln  co.  on 
Kennebeck  river,  half  way  between 
Hallowell  and  Winflow,  204  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bofl:on,  and  551  from  Phila- 
delphia. It  was  incorporated  in  i77i» 
9nd  contains  1,240  inhabitants. 

'  Vaughn  Bay,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the.  ifland  of  Martinico.  Vauclin  Point 
forms  the  fouth  fide  of  Louis  Bay,  on 
the  eaft  coafl  of  the  fame  ifland. 

Vavaoo,  one  of  the  Friendly  Iflands 
in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  about 
two  days  fail  from  Hapaee. 

Veai-town,  a  village  of  New-Jer- 
&.y,  near  Bafkenridge,  about  7  mile* 
fouth-wefterly  of  Morriftown. 

Vea  V,  Atife  a,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  fouth  peniniula  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  5  leagues  well  by  north 
of  Miragoane,  4^  eaftward  of  Petit 
Trou,  and  19  north-ealt  of  Les  Caves. 

Vega,  or  Conception  of  la  Vega  Real, 
a  town  in  the  north-calt  part  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  road  from 
St.  Domingo  city  to  Daxabon.  It  is 
fituated  near  the  head  of  Yuna  river, 
which  empties  into  the  bay  oi"  Samana  { 
12  leagues  north-well  by  weft  of  Cotuy, 
and  about  38  eafterly  of  Daxavon,  or 
Daxabon.  It  ftands  on  a  beautiful  plaim 
among  the  mountains,  on  the  very  fpot 
where  Guariorgx,  cacique  of  the  king- 
dom of  Magna,  had  refided.  In  14941 
or  1495,  the  fettlement  of  this  town  was 
begun  by  Columbus.  Eight  years  after, 
it  had  become  a  city  of  importance,  and 
fomp  times  during  the  year,  there  wer» 

?4C)C0« 


I 


1   s 


! 


V  E  N 

«40iOoo  crowns  in  gold,  minted  at  this 
place.    It  was  almoll  deftroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in  1564. 
V  B G  A,  5/.  Jago  de  la»    See  Spanijl}- 

Vbjas,  jor  Morro  de  Vejas,  on  the 
coaft  of  Picru,  is  about  half  a  league 
from  the  idand  of  Lobos. 

Vela,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America,  in  about  lat.  la  N. 
and  long.  7»  W.  and  about  18  leagues 
'N.  by  li.  of  the  town  of  ta  Hacha. 

Vela 8,  or  VelafcOt  a  port  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  New-Mexico,  is  7  leagues  north- 
weft  by  north  of  die  Morro  Hcraiofa, 
and  8  from  St.  Catharine's  Point. 

Vemcala,  a  town  on  and  near  the 
head  of  the  peninfula  of  California,  near 
the  coaft  of  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
northerly  from  Anclote  Point.  N.  lat. 
about  »o  35,  W.  long.  115  50. 

Venango  lort.    See  FoH  Franklin. 

Vbnezoil.0,  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma,  bounded  eaft  by  Caracas,  fout]i 
by  New-Granada,  weft  by  Rio  de  la 
Hacha,  and  on  the  north  by  the  North 
Sea.  It  abounds  with  game  and  wild 
beafts,  producii^g  plenty  of  corn  twice  a 
year,  with  fruits,  fugar,  and  tobacco, 
-iukI  the  beft  <ocoa  plantations  in  Ame- 
rica. It  fpreads  round  a  gulf  of  the 
iame  name  that  reaches  near  to  leagues 
within  land  ;  and  the  middle  of  this 
country  is  occupied  by  a  lake  %o  leagues 
long,  and  30  broad,  with  a  circumfer- 
ence of  80,  and  navigable  for  veii'els  of 
30  tons.  It  communicates  with  the 
gulf  by  a  ftrait,  on  which  is  built  the 
city  of^Maracaibo,  which  gives  name  to 
bo-:ih  lake  and  ftrait,  which  is  defended 
by  fereral  forts,  which  were  attacked  in 
the  laft  century  by  Sir  Henry  Morgan, 
and  the  whole  coail  laid  unaer  contri- 
bution, and  Maracaibo  ranforaed.  The 
province  is  about  100  leagues  in  length, 
^d  as  much  in  breadth.  It  had  its 
oame  from  its  imall  ktgoons,  which 
make  it  appear  like  Venice  at  the  ea- 
tiance  of  the  lake.  The  Spaniards  maf- 
liicred  above  a  million  of  the  natives  in 
X528.  In  1550,  the  country  was  again 
def>opulated  ;  when  a  great  number  of 
black  Haves  were  brought  from  Africa, 
aad  was  c..'^  of  the  principal  epochs  of 
the  introdufbioti  of  negroes  mto  the 
Weft-Indies.  Soon  after,  a  revolt  of  the 
negroes  was  the  caufe  of  another  mafla. 
ere,  and  Venezuela  became  again  a  def- 
ert.  At  prefent  it  is  faid  to  contain 
about  ioo>ooo  iixhaUtdatSywholiyetol- 


»*^ 


•  f  J 


V  E  R 

crably  happy,  and  raife  great  niimberf 
of  European  flieep.  They  cultivate  to* 
bacco  and  fugar,  which  are  famous  over 
all  America.  They  manufadlure  alfo 
Ibme  cotton  ftuflfs.  It  has  many  popu- 
lous towns,  and  its  waters  have  gold 
fands.  Its  capital,  of  the  fame  name,  or 
Cora,  ftands  near  the  fea-coaft,  about  50 
miles  fouth-caft  of  Cape  St.  Roman. 
N.  lat.  10  30,  W.  long.  70  15. 

Venbzublo,  a  fpacious  gulf  of  the 
fame  provmce,  communicating  by  a  nar» 
row  ftrait  with  Maracaibo  Lake.  See 
the  former  article. 

Venta  </(f  Cruzt  a  town  on  the  Ifth« 
mus  of  Darien,  and  Terra  Firma.  Here 
the  Spaniih  merchandise  from  Panama 
to  Porto  fielk)  is  embarked  on  the  river 
Chagre,  40  miles  foiith  of  the  latter,  an<k 
10  north  of  the  former.  N.  lat.  9  96, 
weft  long.  81  36. 

V  E  N  T  o  Sierra^  on  the  north  coaft  of 
S.  America,  are  mountains  fo  namedy 
behind  the  land  called  Punta  de  Delrio, 
oppoiite  to  i'ortugas  liland. 

Venus,  Pointy  m  Otaheite  Iflacd,  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  is  the  eaft 
point  of  Matavai  or  Port  Royal  Bay, 
and  north  point  of  the  ifland.  S.  lat. 
17  »9,  W.  long.  U9  36. 

Vera  Cruzy  La,  the  grand  port  of 
Mexico,  or  New  Spain,  having  a  fafe 
harbour  prote<Jted  by  a  fort,  fituatcd  oa 
a  rock  of  an  iflana  nearly  adjoining, 
called  St.  John  de  Ulloa,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  It  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the 
moft  confiderable  places  for  trade  in  the 
world,  being  the  natural  centre  of  the 
American  treafure,  and  the  magazine  for 
all  the  merchandize  fent  from  New 
Spain,  or  that  is  tranfported  thither 
from  Europe.  It  receives  a  prodigious 
quantity  of  Eaft-India  produce  by  way 
of  Acapulco,  from  the  Philippine  Iff- 
ands.  Moft  of  its  houfes  are  built  of 
wood,  and  the  number  of  Spanifti  in- 
habitants it  about  3,000,  mulattoes  anci 
mungrels,  who  call  themfelves  white. 
It  is  rs^er  unhealthy,  from  the  rank 
bogs  around  it.  N.  lat.  xo  i»,  weft 
Jong.  97  30.  It  is  in  the  eaft  extremity 
of  the  province  of  T)afcala,  or  Los  An- 
gclos.  At  the  Old  Town,  15  or  1$ 
miles  further  weft,  Cortez  landed  oi> 
Good  Friday,  1518,  when,  being  deter- 
mined to  conquer  or  die,  he  lunk  the 
(hips  that  tranfported  his  handful  of 
men  hither.  La  Vera  Cniz  is  aij  mile$ 
fouth-eaft  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Vera  Cruz,  La^  an  e3s:cellent  h«r* 

bow 


k>ur  in  the  Bay  of  San-Telipt  Sant' 
Tagot  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Ifland 
J^'piritu  Santo,  Sec  TitrraAnJlraldtl 
J^piritu  Santo. 

VERAOUAjby  Ulloa made  a  province 
of  Terra  Firma,  in  i>.  America;  but  oth- 
ers have  it  as  a  province  of  Guatimala 
and  New-Spain,  in  North-America ; 
joining  on  the  W.  to  Cofta  Rica ;  on 
the  £.  to  Panama  ;  with  the  North  Sea 
on  the  north ;  and  the  South  Sea  nn 
the  fouth.  The  coaft  was  fitft  difcover- 
ed  by  Chridophcr  Columbus  in  150^ 
to  whom  it  was  granted  with  the  title 
of  Duke,  and  his  pofterity  ftill  enjoy  it. 
The  province  is  very  mountainous, 
'Woody,  and  barren  ;  hit  has  inexhauft- 
ible  mines  of  fitvcr,  and  fomc  gold,  the 
duft  of  the  latter  being  found  among 
the  fands  of  the  rivers.  Santiago  de 
Veraguas,  or  Santa  Fe,  the  capital,  is 
but  a  poor  place  ;  and  in  this  province 
is  the  river  Veragua,  on  which  that 
town  fVands. 

Veragua,  the  river  abote  mention- 
ed, empties  into  the  fea  jg  leagues  to 
the  fouth -eaft  of  the  river  or  lake  of 
Nicaragua,  in  lat.  10  5  N,  Here  is  a 
very  good  port ;  but  the  ifland  at  its 
mouth  is  foul.  The  heft  anchorage  is 
OD  the  weit  and  fouth  (ides  next  the 
main,  where  fliips  may  ride  under  fliore 
in  from  8  to  9  fathoms,  and  fafe  from 
the  north  and  eallcrly  winds,  that  are 
rood  violent  on  this  coaft.  Several  iil- 
ands  lie  off  frog]  the  coaft,  both  fmgly 
and  in  clufters,  from  this  to  Cape  Gra- 
cias  a  Dios ;  and  to  the  eaftward  from 
hence  is  Chagre  river. 

Vera  Paz^  a  province  of  the  audi- 
ence of  Guatimala,  and  New-Spain,  in 
N.  America.  It  has  the  bay  of  Hondu- 
ras and  Chiapa  on  the  north,  Guatimala 
on  the  Ibuth,  Honduras  on  the  eaft,  and 
Soconufca,  with  part  of  Chiapa,  on  the 
weft.  It  is  48  leagues  long,  and  %i 
broad.  The  lands  arc  mountainous, 
yielding  little  corn,  but  abounding  in 
cedar,  &c.  The  pn-incipal  commodities 
are  drugs,  cocoa,  cotton,  wool,  honsy, 
&c.  Its  capital  of  the  fame  name,  or 
Cobany  ftands  on  the  weft  fide  of  a  riv- 
er which  runs  into  Golfo  Dulce,  184 
miles  eaft  of  Guatimala.  N.  |at  15  10, 
W.  long.  93  15. 

Verde,  or  Green  Ifland^  on  the  N. 
coaft  of  S.  America,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  St.  Martha. 

Verde  Airy,  one  of  the  Bahama  Ifl- 
N.  lat.  as  x%i  W.  long.  75  i j. 


VE  K 

Verde,  Porto,  or  Veara^  is  on  tirtf 
N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  4^  leagues  S.» 
F.  by  E.  of  Rio  Roxo.  The  ifland  of 
BIydones  is  at  the  entrance  of  this  port, 
round  which  Ihips  may  fail  on  any  fide, 
there  being  7  fathoms  on  the  N.  where 
it  is  Ihoaleft,  and  20  fathoms  on  the  S. 
(ide,  where  is  the  beft  entrance  into  tlie 
rivea  This  is  a  port  of  good  trade,  and 
fometimes  Jarfje  fhips  put  in  here.  The 
idands  of  Bayonne  arc  5  leagues  to  the 
S.  of  the  ifland  in  the  mouth  of  the  port. 

Verderonne,  or  La  Bourlarderky 
an  ifland  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Cape  Bre- 
ton Ifland.  It  is  7  or  8  leagues  long  y 
and  at  each  end  is  a  channel,  through 
which  the  waters  of  tlie  Labrador  Lakes^ 
in  the  inner  part  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland, 
discharge  into  the  ocean  on  the  eaft. 

Vere,  a  parifb  of  the  ifland  of  Jamai* 
ca,  having  Manury  Bay  in  it ;  a  v  ;y  fe- 
cure  roaafor  fhipping. 

Vergeknes,  a  poft-town,  and  one 
of  the  moft  growing  and  commercial 
towns  of  Vermont,  in  Addifon  co.  on 
Otter  Creek,  about  6  miles  from  it» 
mouth  in  Lake  Champlain.  I*  is  regular- 
ly laid  out,  and  contains  a  Congregation- 
al church,  and  about  60  houfes.  In  it» 
neighbourhood  are  feveral  mills.  It  is 
JX5  miles  north  of  Bennington,  12  S.  of 
Burlington,  and  407  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. The  townfliip  contained  2of 
inhabitants  in  1790. 

Verina,  a  fmall  village,  and  Spaniflt 
plantation  of  New-Andalufia,  and  Ter- 
ra Fiima,  S.  America.  Its  tobacco  is 
reputed  the  beft  in  the  world.  It  lie* 
60  miles  eaft  of  Cumana. 

Vermeja,  or  Fermillion  Bay,  on  the 
north  fhore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or 
coaft  of  Louifiana.  It  is  to  the  N.  W. 
of  Afcenficn  Bay,  in  about  lat.  30  N.and 
long.  92  W, 

Vermejo,  or  Berviejo,  an  ifland  and 
port  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  2  degrees  N. 
andji  little  weft  of  Lima.  It  is  4  league* 
from  Mongon  on  the  north,  and  6  from 
Guarmey  Port  on  the  fouth. 

VerMilliaS  Barryeras,  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  between  the  Ifland  of  St, 
John's  and  Sypomba  Ifland,  which  are 
7  leagties  afunder.  Here  is  a  large  bay 
with  good  anchorage. 

Vbrmilmon,  Purple^  or  Rfd  Sea,  a 
name  given  by  fome  to  the  gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Vermillion  Point,  call^'.d alfo Long 
Point,  is  the  peninfula  ber/ec/f  Bay  Pu- 
an  and  Lake  Michigan. 

Vermillion 


/^ 


; 


i^ 


I 


V  E  R 

Vbr MILLION  River,  in  the  N.  W. 

*reiTitory,  runs  north-weftward  into  Il- 
linois river,  nearly  oppofite  the  8.  W. 
end  of  Little  Rocks,  and  467  miles  from 
the  Miflifippi.  It  is  30  yaras  wide,  but 
io  rocky  m  not  to  be  navigable. 

Ve^milliom  Indians reudc ^^o  miles 
Up  the  Miami  of  the  Lake. 

VERMONT,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  lies  between  lat.  41 
44  and  4.5  north,  and  between  long.  71 
p  and  73  %s  weft.  It  is  bounded  N. 
by  Lower  Canada  j  E.  by  iNovv-Hamp- 
Ihire,  fronn  which  a  is  leparated  by  Con- 
necticut river  )  S<  by  Maffachufetts ; 
and  W.  by  the  State  of  New- York.  No 
part  of  the  State  is  nearer  than  70  or  do 
miles  of  any  part  of  the  ocean.  Com- 
puting by  tJie  latitudes,  the  length  o^ 
the  fctate  from  the  fouthern  to  the  north- 
ern boundary  is  1574  miles  i  the  mean 
width  from  eaft  to  welt  is  about  6j  miles: 
this  will  give  10,1374  fqiiare  miles  of 
land  and  water4  It  is  divided  into  11 
counties,  viz.  thofe  on  Conne<^icut  riv- 
er from  fouth  to  north  ar^  Windham, 
Windfor,  Orange,  Caledonia,  and  Effex ; 
in  a  (imilar  direi^iori,  along  the  New- 
York  line,  are  the  counties  of  Benning- 
ton, Rutland,  Addifon,  Chittenden,  and 
Franklin,  between  which  laft  and  Eflex^ 
lies  the  county  of  Orleans,  on  the  north 
line  of  the  State*  Thefe  are  fubdivided 
into  upwards  of  I30  townlhips,  which 
ate  genet-ally  6  miles  fquare<  In  each 
townfhip  is  a  referve  of  a  rights  of  land, 
of  350  acres  each,  the  one  tor  the  fup- 
port  of  fchools,  the  other  to  be  given  m 
fee  to  the  firft  minifter  who  fettles  in 
thetownfliip.  A  part  of  the  townfhips 
■were  granted  by  the  governor  of  New- 
Hampfhire,  and  the  othe*'  part  by  that 
of  Vermont.  In  thofe  townlhips  grant- 
ed by  the  former,  a  right  of  land  is  re- 
ferved  for  the  fupport  of  the  gofpel  in 
foreign  parts ;  in  thofe  granted  by  the 
hitter,  a  college  right*  and  a  right  for 
the  fupport  of  country  granimar-fchools, 
are  referved.  In  theft;  refervations,  lib- 
eral provihon  is  made  for  the  fujjport  of 
the  gofpel,  and  for  the  promotion  of 
common  and  collegiate  education. 
Windfor,  on  thfe  eaft  lide  of  the  Green 
Mounuins;and  Rutland,  on  the  weft 
fide  ;  both  ii'arly  in  the  centre  of  the 
fettled  parts  of  the  State  from  north  to 
fouth,  sre,  according  to  an  aft  of  the  le- 
giflatore,  to  be  alternately  tlie  feat  of 
government  till  about  the  year  1800. 
Both  are  flouriflung  towns.    In  i;90» 


VE  R 

acedrding  to  the  cenfus  then  taken^  tdd 
number  of  inhabitants  in  this  State  was 
85*589.  This  number  has  fince  greatly 
increafed.  The  people  are  an  induftn-. 
ous,  brave,  hardy,  aftivc,  frugal  race; 
The  foil  is  deep,  and  of  a  dark  colour^ 
rich,  moift,  warm,  and  loamy.  It  bears 
corn  and  other  kinds  of  gram,  in  large 
quantities,  as  foon  as  it  is  cleared  of  the 
wood,  without  any  ploughing  or  prepar- 
ation ;  and  after  the  IJrft  crops,  naturally 
turns  to  rich  paftare  or  mowing.  The 
face  of  the  country  exhibits  very  diflFer- 
ent  profpefts*  Adjoining  to  the  rivers* 
tliere  are  the  wide  extenlive  plains  of  a 
fine  level  country.  At  a  fmall  diftance 
from  them,  the  land  rifts  into  a  chain  of 
high  mountains,  interlecicd  with  deep 
and  Jung  vallies.-  Defcendi'  g  from  the 
mountains^  the  ftreams  and  rivers  ap- 
pear in  every  part  of  the  country,  and 
afford  a  plentiful  fupply  of  water. 
Through  this  State  there  is  one  contin- 
ued range  of  mountains,  which  are  call- 
ed the  Green  Mountain/,  from  their  per- 
petual verdure,  and  gives  name  to  the 
State*  They  extend  from  Lower  Canj 
ada  S.  through  the  SuteS  of  Vermont* 
Maffachufetts,  and  ConneAicut,  and 
terminate  within  a  few  miles  of  the  fea-* 
coaft.-  Their  general  direftion  is  from 
N*N.E  .to  S4S.  W.  and  their  extent  i> 
through  a  trafl  of  country,  not  lefs  than 
400  miles  in  length.^  They  are  generally 
from  10  to  15  mues  in  breadth ;  aremucn 
interfedted  with  rallies;  aboundl  with 
fprings  and  ftreams  of  water ;  and  are 
covered  with  woods.  Kelli/tgton  Peak, 
I  of  the  higheftof  the  Green  Mountains^ 
is  3454fect  above  the  level  of  the  ocean* 
All  the  ftreams  and  rivers  of  Vermont 
rife  among  the  Green  Mountains ;  about 
35  of  d>em  have  an  eafterly  direftion^ 
and  fall  into  Connefticut  river ;  about 
25  run  wefterly^  and  pay  tribute  t<y 
Lake  Champlain< ,  Two  or  three  run- 
ning in  the  lame  dire^ion  fall  into  Hud'^ 
fon's  river.  In  the  north-eafterly  part* 
of  the  State,  4  or  5  ftreams  htive  a  north- 
erly direftion,  and  difcbarge  their  wa- 
ters into  Lake  Memphremagog ;  from 
thence  through  the  river  St<  Francis* 
they  communicate  with  the  rivet  St. 
Lawrence,  The  raoft  confiderable  on 
the  weft  fide  of  the  Green  Mountains^ 
are  Otter  Creek,  Onidn  river,  LaMoilie^ 
and  Michifcoui. .  On  the  ead  fide  of  the 
Green  Mountains,  the  rivers  are  not  fo 
large  as  thofe  on  the  weft,  bat  they  are 
more  niunerous.  The  largeft  are  Wan* 
.  ,  i  taftiquek. 


toftiquek,  or  Weft  river,  White  river 
and  Pooiifoomfuck.    The  Mrth  is  gen- 
erally covered  with  fnow  from  the  mid- 
dle of  December   to   the  middle  of 
March,  and  in  fume  high  lands,  to  the 
depth  of  4  or  5  feet.    Since  the  coun- 
try has  been  cleared,  tlie  winters  have 
proved  milder.     Vegetation  advances 
in  the  fpring  with  great  rapidity.    Iron 
And  lead  ores  of  leveral  kinds,  pipe* 
clay,  which  has  been  wrought  into  dur- 
able* crucibles,  and  quarries  of  white, 
grey,  and  variegated  marble,  have  been 
round  in  diiferent  parts  of  this  State. 
The  trade  of  Vermont  is  principally  to 
Bofton,  Hartford  and  New- York ;  to 
which  places   the  inhabitants  export 
Korfes,    beef,  _  pork,    butter,    cheefe, 
wheat,  flour,  iron,  nails,  pot  and  pearl 
afhes.    Great  advantages  may  accrue  to 
Vermont,  from  the  manufa(5tures  of  iron. 
Large  quantities  of  irOn-ore  are  found 
in  leveral  of  the  towns  oh  the  weft  lide 
of  the  Green  Mountains.    Tinmouth, 
Rutland,  Pittsford,  and  Shoreham  con- 
tain great  quantities.    The  ore  in  thefe 
towns  is  of  a  reddifh  kind,  mixed  with 
earth,  tin^ftured  with  yelbw  ore.     It 
tnelts  ealily,  and  produces  from  one- 
fourth   to   one-ftventh  of  iron.    The 
iron  is  moftly  of  the  coldfbire  kind ; 
V/orks  ealily,  and  makes  excellent  nails. 
The  principal  part  of  the  ore  hitherto 
ufed,  has  been  brought  from  a  moun- 
tain on  the  weft  fide  of  Lake  Cham- 
^ain,  about  4  miles  north  of  Crown- 
Point.    Some  grains  of  pure  iron  near- 
ly as  big  as  a  pea  have  been  found  in 
Ihis  ore.    This  ore  is  fo  peculiarly  richi 
that,  when  well  managed,  it  will  yield 
four-fevenths  of  pure  iron,  but  is  very 
hard  to  melt.    In  179a,  feveral  forges 
and  furnaces  were  erc<5led.    In  Ben- 
nington CO.  they  have  1  forge ;  in  Rut- 
land co.  14;  inAddifoo  co.  4  ;  and  in 
Chittenden  co.  a.    In  addition  to  which 
thetx;  are  3  furnaces  in  iR.utland  county. 
from  thefe,  great  quantities  of  bar-iron 
and  nails  are  made.    Nature,  indeed, 
feems  to  have  defigned  this  part  of  the 
United  States  to  be  the  feat  of  flourilh- 
ing  manufadlures  of  every  thing  that 
can  be  made  of  iron  or  Heel.    The  oth- 
er chief  manufadlures  are  pot  and  pearl 
alhes,  maple  fugar,  and  fpirits  diflilled 
ifrom   gram.     Moft  families  manufac- 
ture a  confiderable  part  of  their  cloath- 
ing.    In  no  country  is  common  educa- 
tion more  attended  to.    In  this  relpedt 
the  conduct  J  f  the  people  is  laudable 

Hi 


VIG 

and  exemplary.    A  charter  for  a  richly 
endowed  univerftty  was  granted  by  the 
legiflaturaofthis  State,  m  1791,  to  be 
elFablilhed  at  Buriington;  and  3,1,000 
acres  of  land  have  been  referved,  in  the 
feveral  granU  made  by  this  State,  tor 
the  ufe  of  the  univerliiy.    In  179a,  the 
ftate  of  the  militia  was  as  fullowi ;   3« 
regiments  of  infantry,  divided  into  i 
brigades,  and  4  diviiions ;    15  compa- 
nies of  cavalry,  and  6  companies  of  ar- 
tillery ;  the  whole  computed  at  18,500. 
Vermont  fends  two  reprefentatives  to 
Congrefs,  and  has  been  fettling  only 
fince  about  the  year  1764.    The  In- 
dians were  never  numerous  here  ;  and 
at  prefent   it  is  entirely   deftitute  of 
them. 

Vkrnon,  a  place  in  Suflex  co.  New- 
Jerfcy,  eaft  of  the  fource  of  Wall  Kill, 
and  about  zx  miles  N.  £.  of  Newtown. 

Vernon,  Mount,  the  feat  of  General 
Wafhington.    Sec  Mount  Femon. 

Verkettes,  a  letdement  in  the 
French  part  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, on  the  S.  W.  bank  of  Artiboniti 
river ;  4  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  fettle- 
ment  of  Petit  Riviere. 

Versailles,  the  chief  town  of 
Woodford  co.  Kentucky ;  fituated  on  a 
fmall  ftream  which  falls  into  Kentucky 
river.  It  contains  a  court-houfc,  ftone 
gaol,  and  about  30  lioufcs,  and  lies  13 
miles  W.  by  Sv  of  Lexington. 

Vershire,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  adjoining  Fairlee,  and  con- 
taining 439  inhabitants. 

Vert  Bay,  or  ('refti  Bay,  in  the 
Straits  of  Northumberland,  in  N.Ame- 
rica, opens  to  the  N.  E.  oppofite  St. 
John's  Hland.  The  head  of  the  bay  ap- 
proximates within  I  a  miles  of  the  north- 
eallernmoft  branch  of  the  Buy  of  Fun- 
dy.  It  is  about  10  leagues  to  the  N. 
W.  of  I'atamagauche  Harbour,  and 
ferVes  in  part  to  feparate  the  Britilli 

Srovinces  of  Nova-ticotia  and  New- 
runfwick. 

Vessel  Bay,  on  the  eaft  fhore  of 
Lake  Champlain,  fets  up  to  the  N.  E. 
in  the  tovvnlhip  of  Charlotte,  in  Ver- 
mont. 

ViciosAs  ijlas,  ifles  of  the  Bay  of 
Hontla,  on  the  coaft  of  Honduras,  or 
the  Spaniih  Main. 

Victoria,  a  town  of  New-Mexico, 

Victoria,  an  ifland  on  the  conlt  of 
Brazil,  eaftward  of  bt.  Sebaftian's  Ifl- 
and. 

ViCTOJiy,  Capep  is  the  extreme  N. 

W. 


i 


%  } 


r 


I 


v  r  N 

tf.  point  of  the  Straits  of  M.iRctlafi,  at 
the  opening  to  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  5. 
lat.  5115,  W.  long.  y6  40. 

Victory,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
fituatcd  in  EiTex  co.  and  bounded  calfc 
By  CuildhiiU,  on  Connedlicut  livcr. 

ViF.NWA,  a  Dort  of  entry  and  poll- 
town  of  the  eafeern  (horc,ot  Maryland, 
Dorchefter  county,  on  the  weft  ll  !^  of 
Nanticokc  river,  about  15  milea  from  its 
Aiouth.  It  contains  about  io  houfes, 
but  carries  rn  a  brifk  trade  with  the 
fieiqhboiiring  fea-purts,  in  lumber^  curn» 
whcat,&c.  Its foreij'O exports  in  1794* 
amounted  to  1,667  dullars.  It  is  i 
miles  N.  W.  of  8aii(bury  3a  S.  S.  £.  of 
Eafton,  and  150  S.  S.  W.  of  Phihdcl- 
phia. 

Vienna,  the  capital  of  Orcene  co. 
Kentucky  ;  fituatc  j  on  the  north  fide  of 
Green  river,  about  158  miles  W.  S.  W. 
of  Lexington. 

ViLi.A  </(,'  Mq/c,  a  town  in  ihe  prov- 
ince of  Tabafco,  4  leagues  from  the 
town  of  Eftape,  on  Tabafco  river. 

Villa  Uertnojb,  a  town  of  Mexico  or 
New-Spain,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river 
V'hich  talis  into  the  Bay  of  Campeachy, 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Villa  Nooa^  in  Brazil,  about  no 
miles  weft  of  Porto  Seguro,  and  as  far 
fouth-eaft  by  fouth  of  Carlofa. 

Villa  Rica,  or  Almtriit,  a  town  of 
Tlafcala  or  New-Spain,  in  N.America. 
It  ftands  on  the  coaft  on  a  fraall  river, 
having  an  indifferent  port,  but  in  a  bet- 
ter air  than  Vera  Cruz,  ao  leagues  north 
of  tlie  latter.  A  clandeftine  trade  is 
carried  on  here  between  fome  of  the 
Spanifli  merchants  on  fliore,  and  the 
French  of  St.  Domingo  and  Martinique. 

Villi  a,  Lay  a  town  and  river  of  Ver- 
agua  and  Guatimala  audience,  in  New- 
Spain.  It  is  about  7  leagues  from  Nata, 
boidcring  on  PananM.  The  river  is 
very  large,  and  at  low  water  breaks  at 
the  mouth  as  on  a  flat  fliore ;  fo  that 
large  (hips  anchor  within  cannon  fliot, 
but  barks  of  about  40  tons  may  go  up 
about  a  league  and  a  half.  The  harbour 
is  a  quarter  of  a  league  above  the  town. 
About  a  league  to  the  windward,  is  a 
large  rock,  generaliy  covered  with  vaft 
numbers  of  wild  fowl. 

ViNALHAvEN,  a  townftiip  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  in  Han- 
cock CO.  containing  5  78  inhabitants.  It 
is  fouth-eaft  of  Deer  Idand,  and  250 
miles  from  Bofton. 

ViNCiMTS,  Fortt  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 


VIN 

tbry,  ftands  on  the  eaft  fide  6f  Waballi 
river,  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  was 
erefted  in  the  year  1787,  in  order  tore- 
pel  the  incurfions  of  the  Waba(h  Indians, 
and  to  fecure  tire  weftern  lands  from  in- 
truding fcnicrs.    It  has  4  fmall  brafs 
cannon,  and  is  garrifoned  by  a  Major 
and  a  companies.    The  town  of  Vin* 
cents  contamed,  in  1791,  about  1,500 
fouls,  principally  of  French  extraftion. 
It  is  300  miles  S.  W.  of  Fort  Recovery. 
N.  lat.  .vj  15,  W.  long.  907.    They 
raife  Indian  corn,  and  wheat ;  and^  to< 
bacco  of  nn  extraordinary  good  quality } 
fuperior,  it  is  faid,  to  that  produced  io 
Virginia.    They  have  a  fine  breed  of 
horfes,  brought  originally  by  the  In- 
dians from  the  Spanifh  fettlcments,  on 
tlie  weftern  fide  of  the  Milfifippi.  Here 
ai  :  large  herds  of  fwine,  and  black  cat- 
tle, and  the  fetders  deal  with  the  In- 
dians for  furs  and  deer  flcins.     Hemp 
of  a  good  quality  srows  Ipontaneoufly 
in  the  low  lands  ofthe  Wabalh ;  as  do 
grapes,  of  which  the  inhabitants  make  a 
luflucient  quantity,  for  their  own  con- 
fumptlon,  of  well  lafted  red  wine.  Hops, 
large  and  good,  arc  found  in   many 
places,  and  the  lands  are  particularly  ar 
dapted  to  the  cnlture  of  rice.    All  Eu- 
ropean fruits  thrive  well  both  here,  and 
in  the  country  bordering  on  the  river 
Ohio. 

Vincent,  St.  one  of  the  14  captain- 
ftiips  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  and  the 
moil  foutherly  one.  The  capital  is  an 
inconfiderable  place,  with  only  about  60 
houfes,  and  the  harbour  will  not  receive 
large  yeffels.  It  has  5  or  6  fugar-mills, 
and  lies  76  leagues  fouth-weft  of  Rio 
Janeiro.    S.  lat.  aj  40,  W.  long.  45  zo. 

Vincent,  St.  a  town  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil ;  lituated  on  Amiaz  iHand,  in 
the  Bay  of  All  Saints  or  Sanftos ;  in 
which  ifland  is  the  city  of  Dos  Sanflos, 
the  ifland  lying  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
entrance  into  the  ifland.  S.  lat.  24  ij» 
W.  long.  46  30. 

Vincent,  de  la  Pazejt  St.  or  OnJap 
a  town  of  Popavan  aiid  Terra  Pirma, 
in  S.  America ;  about  aj  miles  eaftward. 
of  San  Sebaftian,  with  a  port  where  ca- 
nres  from  Carthagena  and  St.  Martha 
unload  their  merchandize. 

Vincent,  a  townflrip  of  PenofylTi* 
nia,  iituated  in  Chefter  county. 

Vincent,  St,  one  of  the  Caritibee 
Iflands,  in  the  American  ocean.  It  lies 
between  61  10,  and  61  18  W.  long, 
and  betwcea  z^  5  and  ij  19  N.  lat.  b^ 


8t. 


ti 


[t  was 
torc- 
Jidian% 
|om  in- 
pi^fs 
I  Major 
jfVin- 

ration. 

:overy. 

They 

ind  to- 

luality ; 

[uced  ia 

[reed  of 

Ithe  In- 

]:nts,  on 

Here 

ack  cat- 

the  In- 

Hcmp 

aneoufly 

;  asdo 

make  a 


V  I  M 

tns  about  17  miles  long  from  the  taft  I 
fide  ot  Tyncl's  Bay,  the  extreme  fouth- 
ern  point  of  the  iflandto  Tarratv  Point, 
its  northern  extremity:  and  about  10 
broad  iwm  the  mouth  ot  Calonery  river, 
eaft  to  Cumberland  Bay,  at  the  mouth 
of  Wafliilabo  river  on  the  well.  On 
this  ifland  arc  fcveral  mountains,  which 
crofHittrom  north  to  fouth,  from  which 
iaiic  fcveral  rivers  full  of  (ifh  ;  among 
which  arc  la  capable  of  turning  fucar* 
mills :  thcfe  mountiuns  are  in  seneral  of 
an  eafy  afcent ;  the  vallies  fertile  and  ex- 
t^nve,  and  the  clearing  the  ground  lias 
rendered  the  climate  healthy.  Of  84,000 
acres  which  the  ifland  conuins,  43,605 
are  at  prcfcnt  poflbfled  by  Britilh  fub- 
jeifls,  and  about  as  much  more  is  fuppof- 
ed  to  be  held  by  the  Charaibes ;  and  the 
remainder  is  thought  to  be  incapable  of 
cultivation.  This  is  the  only  ifland  of 
the  Antilles,  where  the  fmall  remains 
of  the  natives  (with  a  mixture  of  ne^ro 
blood)  cxift  in  the  form  of  a  nation. 
At  the  peace  in  1763,  the  Qritifli  gov- 
<rnm^nt  fold  the  lands  of  St.  Vincent, 
2i  it  had  thofe  of  Tobago,  and  left  the 
French  (whom  the  fear  of  confifcation 

}iad  not  driven  away) .  thofe  they  pof- 
effed,  paying  a  moderate  fine,  and  a 
yearly  rent  ftul  more  moderate.  Tbefc 
proceedings  encroaching  upon  the  pof- 
feffions  of  the  Charaibes,  occafioned 
their  refinance,  which  the  troops  fent  a- 
gainfl:  thern  could  not  fubdue,  and  a  peace 
was  concluded  with  them  in  1773,  ^nd 
lands  afligned  them ;  (jnce  that  time  St. 
Vincents  has  enjoyed  internal  tranquil- 
lity. The  number  of  inhabitants  appears 
to  be  1450  whites,  and  11,853  negroes. 
St.  Vincents  is  divided  into  4  pariihes, 
Sj.  David,  St.  Patrick,  St.  Andrew,  and 
8t.  George.  Its  towns  are  Kingfton, 
the  capital,  and  Richmond  ;  the  others 
are  villages  or  hamlets,  at  thefeveral  bays 
and  landing  places.  The  iflands  dcpen- 
dpnt  on  the  St.  Vincent's  government, 
are  Bequia,  contaitiing  3,700  acres  ; 
Union,  »,i.;o  acres;  Canouane,  1777 
acres  j  and  Muilique,  about  r,aoo  acres. 
Of  the  above  ii,8/3  negroes,  about 
1400  are  employe  1  in  the  cultivation  of 
thefe  iflands.  fhere  are  likewife  the 
little  iflots  of  Petit  Martinique,  Petit  St. 
Vincent,  and  BalleltJau,  each  of  which 
produces  a  little  cotton.  The  total  ex- 
ports  in  1788,  in  laa  veflels,  from  St. 
Vincents,  amounted  in  value,  according 
to  the  current  prices  in  London,  to 
;Ci86,4^.'3 :  14  ;  j,  includiog  exports  to 


V  I  R 

the  American  States,  '  e  value  i^ 
JC91019  :  I  :  8  ftcrIi^g.  •*  ,<•  -argoet 
conliftcd  of  65,118  .'W  ^r.  a?!!), 
fugur ;  88,166  gallons  rum  ^  9,656  gaU 
Ions  molafles  ;  634  cwt.  \  qr.  51b  cof- 
fee ;  761,880  lbs.  cotton  >  143  cwt. 
a4lb.  cocoa ;  befides  hides,  dying  woods, 
5cc.  Here  tbcy  cultivate  cinnamon* 
mango,  fcfamum,  vanilla,  China  tallow- 
trce,  camphor,  gum-ftovax,  &c.  It  is 
about  ao  leagues  wed  of  Darbadoes. 

Vincent,  Port  St.  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  6  miles 
N.  N.  E.  of  the  mouUi  of  the  river  Bio- 
bio,  having  a  fafe  harbour,  and  frcure 
againll  all  winds  but  tlie  wcfl,  which 
blows  right  in.  Talcaguama  Port  is  6 
miles  to  the  northward  of  it. 

ViwcENTO,  a  channel  which  goes  in 
on  die  wed  (ide  of  the  channel  otAmiaz 
Ifland,  in  the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil. 

Viner's  JJjKtf,  in  liudfon's  Bay, 
lies  N.  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Albany  river. 

ViNEVARo,  AVw,  a  plantation  in 
Lincoln  co.  Di{lri(St  of  Maine^  on  the 
two  north-eaftemraoft  branches  of  San- 
dy river,  about  59  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Brunfwick,  and  37  N.  W.  bf  Hallowell. 

Vineyard  Sound,  on  the  S.  eaflirra 
coaft  of  Maflachufetts,  is  the  ftniit  or 
paflagc  between  the  Elizabeth  Iflands 
and  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  S.  W. 
channel  of  which,  aoout  7  miles  broad, 
has  Gay  Head  on  the  S.  £.  and  tlie 
Sow  and  Pigs  on  the  N.  W. 

Viper  Key,  one  of  the  Tortugas^  on 
the  coaft  of  Florida  ;  5  miles  N.  eaft- 
ward  of  Duck  Key,  and  3^  £.  of  Old 
Matacombe. 

ViRGi  L,  a  military  townfhlp  of  Onon- 
dago  CO.  New- York,  having  Dryden  oti 
the  W.Cincinnatus  £.  Homer  N.  and  on 
the  S.  330,000  acres  of  land  on  Sufquc- 
hannah  riVer,  ceded  to  the  State  of  Mal^ 
fachufetts.  It  is  under  the  jurifdi<Sion  of 
Homer,  which  was  incorporated  in  1794. 
Virgin  Gorda,  one  of  the  principal 
of  the  Virgin  Ifles,  in  the  Weft-Iodies. 
It  lies  4  leagues  to  the  E.  of  Tortula, 
and  of  a  very  irregular  fhape.  Its 
greatefl:  length  from  E.  to  W.  is  about 
18  miles ;  is  worfe  watered  than  Tor- 
tula, and  has  fewer  inhabitants.  A 
mountain  which  rifes  in  its  centre,  is 
affirmed  to  contain  a  (ilver  mine.  N. 
lat.  18  18,  W.  long.  64. 

VIRGINIA,  one  of  the  United  States, 
lies  between  36  30  and  40  ;,o  north  lat. 
aod  between  75  54  and  83  8  weft  long. 

•     ■     ■   ' •'    B 


1 


p 


V  I  R 

It  is  in  length  446  miles,  in  breadth  tt^ ; 
containing  about  70,000  fquare  miles. 
Bounded  north  by  Maryland,  part  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  Ohio  river ;  weft 
by  Kentucky  ;  fouth  by  North  Car- 
olina, and  eaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
This  State  is  divided  into  8»  counties, 
(and  by  another  div"'ion  into  parilhes) 
which,,  with  the  number  of  inhabitants, 
according  to  the  cenfus  of  1790,  are 
mentioned  in  the  following  table. 


V  I  R 


TABLE. 

mj  oftke  Bhie  BJdge. 


Counties.  8Uve«. 

Ohio  j       281 

Monongalia  I       154 

Waihington  )       450 
Montgomery  "^ 

Wythe           (■  3087 
Botetourt        j 
Grecnbriar    \ 

Kanawa         5  3 '9 

Hampihire  454 

Berkly  2933 

Frederick  4150 

Shenandoah  51* 

Rockingham  77a 

Augufta  III* 

Rojkbridge  68i 

Betiueen  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  Tide 
Waters. 

4030 


To.  Inhab, 
S^l^ 
4768 

6015 

7346 

197^.3 
19681 
10510 

7449 
10886 

6548 


Lbudoun 

Fauquier 

Culpepper^ 

.■potfyivania 

Orange     ^  •    • 

Louifa    .  :« :,  • . 

Goochland 

Fluvania 

Albemarle 

Amherft 

Buckingham 

Bedford    „    t^, 

Henry 

Pittfylvania 

Hulita>c 

CliarlottC 

Ftince  Edward 

Cunibcvliind 

Powhatan 

Amelia  ) 

Nottawi'y      3 

J,uiKribu!|T 

Mt;ckleriLurg 
Erunfwick 


6642 
8126 

5933 
44^1 

4573 
4656 
1466 

5579 
5296 

4168 

3754 

1551 

3979 

s:i(>s 

4Sf6 

3986 

4434 
4325 

II307 

4.13* 
6762 
6776 


18961 
17892 
42I05 
11252 
99*1 
8467 

9053 

39*1 
12585 
13703 

9779 
1053 1 

8479 
11579 
1472* 
10078 

81CO 

8153 
6822 

18097 

8959 

14733 
12827 


]khoce»  jfervics  River  tvid  Carolina. 
f^reenfville  j     %f)io   J       6362 

Piuwiddio  I      7334   I     »3934 


Counttei. 

Chefterfield 

Prince  George 

Surry 

Suflex 

Sor^hampton 

ine  of  Wight 

Nanfemond 

Norfolk 

Princefs  Ann 


Slavei. 

7487 

45^9 
3097 
5387 

5993 
3867 

3817 
5345 
3302 


To.  InhakC 
I4214 

8173 
6227 

10554 

12864 

9028 

9010 

I45»4 

7793 


Bettueen  James  and  York  Rivers. 


Henrico 
Hanover 
New-Kent 
Charles  City 
James  Cicy 
Williamlburg  " 
/ork 
Warwick 
Elizabeth  City 


5819 
8223 
3700 
3141 
2405 

2760 

990 
1876 


12000 

14754 
6239 

5518 

4070 

5233 
1690 

3450 


Between  York  and Rappakanmck  Rivers^ 

Caroline 

King  William 

King  and  Queen 

ElTex        ^ 

Middlefex 

Gloucefter 


10292 
5151 

5143 
5440 
?558 
7063 


17489 
8i2S 
9377 
912* 

414a 

1349* 


Betnueen  Rappahannock  and  Patonumack 
Rivers. 


Fairfax 

Prince  William 
Stafford 
King  George 
Richmond 
Weftmoreiand 
Northumberland 
Lancaller 


4574 
4704 
4036 

4157 
3984 
4425 
44^0 

3236 
Eajiern  Shore.  ^ 
Accomac  J     426a 

Northampton         |     3144 

A'ino  Counties. 
2488 


Campbell 

Franklin 

Hiirrifon 

Randolph 

ILirdy 

Pcndelton 

Ruffel 


1073 
67 

19 

3^9 

73 

190 


12320 
1161^ 
9588 
73  «6 
6985- 
772* 
9163 
J638 

IS").?? 

6889 

7685 
684* 
aoSd 

951 
7336 
245* 


Whole  number  of  inhabitants  747,610 
Of  whom  292,627  were  flaves. 
In  an  ex^cnfive  country,  it  will  be  ex- 
pected that  the  climate  is  not  the  fame 
\n  all  its  parts.  It  is  remarkHble  that, 
proceeding  on  the  fame  parallel  of  lat- 
itude vvdlwaidlv,  the  clunate  becomes 
cuider  in  lu«  manner  as  when  you  pr«. 

tt:ed 


To.  Inhah. 

I4414 

8173 

6jz7 

J0554 

12864 

9028 

9010 

145*4 

7793 

Rivers. 

12000 

M754 
6239 

4070 

1690 

3450 
KckRivert^ 
17489 
8128 

9377 
912^ 

414a 

13498 

'^atonumack 

1232a 

11615 

9588 

7366 

6985 

772» 
9163 


■■■■'  'v*J    '<P»J  , 

f    7«8jr";" 

684!t.-r 
2080 ' 

9511 
7336'  ;. 
445*  • 

747.610 
ere  flaves, 

ill  be  ex- 
thc  fame 
il>le  thatt 
lei  of  lat- 
bccomes 
you  pre. 


V  I  R 

eeed  northwardly.    This  continues  to 
be  the  cafe  till  you  attain  the  fummit  of 
the  Alleghany,  which  is  the  higheft  land 
between  the  ocean  and  the  Miffifippi. 
From  thence,  defcending  in  the  fame 
latitude  to  the  Miflitippi,  the  change  «e- 
verfcs ;  and,  if  we  may  believe  travel- 
lers, it  becomes  warmer  there  than  it  ils 
in  the  fame  latitude  on  the  fca  fide. 
Their  tef!imony  is  ftrengthened  by  the 
vegetables  and  animals  which  fubfilt  and 
multiply  there  naturally,  and  do  not  on 
the  fea-coaft.  Thus  catalpas  grow  fpon- 
taneoufly  on  the  Miflilippi,  as  far  as  the 
latitude  of  37,  and  reeds  as  far  as  38. 
Parroquets  even  winter  on  the  Scioto, 
in  the  39th  decree  of  latitude.    The  S. 
W.  winds,  ealt  of  the  mountains,  are 
moft  predominant.    Next  to  thcfe,  on  , 
the  fea-coaft,  the  N.  E.  and  at  the  moun- 
tains, the  N.  W.  winds  prevail.    The 
difference  between  thefe  winds  is  very 
great.    The  north-eaft  is  loaded  witn 
vapour,  infomuch  that  the  fait  manufac- 
turers have  found  that  their    cryttals 
would  not  (hoot  while  that  blows  ;  it  oc- 
cafions  a  diftrcfling  chilly  and  a  heavi- 
refs  and  depreflion  of  the  fpirits.    The 
north-weft  is  dry,  .ooling,  elaftic  and 
animating.    The    eaft    and  fouth-eaft 
breezes  come  on  generally  in  the  after- 
noon.   They  have  advanced  into  the 
country  very  fenhbly  within  the  memo- 
ry of  people  now  living.    Mr.  JefFerfon 
reckons  die  extremes  of  heat  and  cold 
to  be  98  above,  and  6  below  o,  in  Far- 
enheit's  Thermometer.    The  months 
of  June  and  July,  though  often  the  hot- 
teft,  are  the  moft  healthy  in  the  year. 
The  weather  is  then  dry  and  lefs  liable 
to  change  than  in  Auguft  and  Septem- 
ber, when  the  rain  commences,  and  fud- 
den  variations  take  place.    On  the  fea- 
coalt,  the  land  is  low,  generally  within 
S2  ftet  of  the  level  of  the  fea  interfer- 
ed in  all  dire(5lions  with  fait  creeks  and 
livers,  the  heads  of  which  form  fwamps 
and  marflies,  and  fenny  ground,  cover- 
ed with  water,  in  wet  fcafons.    The 
unculitvated    lands  are  covered    with 
larjje  tr*"-",  and  thick  underwood.    T  he 
vicinity  of  tlit  ^°a,  and  fait  creeks  and 
rivers,  occafion  a  conftant  moifture  and 
warmth  of  the  atmofphere,  fo  that  al- 
though under  die  fame  latitude,  100  or 
150  miles  in  the  country,  deep  fnown, 
and  frozen  rivers  frequendy  happen,  for 
a  fliort  fci-fon,  yet  here  fuch  occur- 
renccs  are  confiaered  as  phepomena ; 
for  thefe  rcafons,  the  trees  are  often  in 


V  I  R" 

bloom  as  early  as  the  laft  of  Februiry'i" 
from  this  period,  however  till  ihe  ti.d 
of  April,  the  inhuhitanR  are  ircen.mo- 
ded  by  cold  rains,  piercing  winds,  and 
fharp  trofts,  which  fubjtfts  thtm  to  die 
inflammatory  diiealcs,  inch  as  pleurify 
and  peripneumony.    The  chief  rivers 
are    Roanoke,    Jajncs's,    Narfcniord, 
Chickahominy,  Appamatox,  Rivanna, 
York,  Piankatank,  Uappahannock,  Pa- 
towmack,   Shenandoah,  and  the  great 
Kanhaway.     Thcfe  rivers  and  cictks 
are  delcr'ibed    xircicr    their  re*ptdtive 
nanus.     'I  hey  abound  with  fifli  of  va- 
rious kinds,  as  f^urgeor,  fhad,  bafs,  catp, 
fliccpfliead,  drum,  herrirgs,  perch,  cat- 
fifh,  oyflers,  crabs,  &c.    It  is  wordiy 
notice,  that  the  iroiintains  are  rot  foh- 
tary  and   fcatttrcd  cnnfiifedly  o\er  the 
face  of  the  country  ;  but  coniDience  at 
about  i^c  miles  from  ihe  lea-coaft,  are 
difpofedin  ridges  one  bLhird  another, 
running  nearly  parallel  with   the  fea- 
coaft,  though  rather  approaching  it  a*s 
they  advance  north-eaftwardly.  See  y//- 
kghany  Mountairs.    In  the  fame  direc- 
tion generally  aretheveinsof  lime  ftcne, 
coal  and  other  minerals  hitherto  dilcov- 
ered  ;  and  fo  range  the  falls  of  the  g:  eat 
rivers.    But  the  couries  of  the  great 
rivers  are  at  right  angles  with  thefe. 
James  and  Patowmack  penetrate  through 
all  the  ridges  of  mountains  eaftward  of 
the  Allcjihany,  which  is  broken  by  no 
water-couife.    It  is  in  h(\  the  fpine  of 
the  country  between  the  Adantic  on  one 
fide,  and  the  Miffifippi  and  St.  Lawtence 
on  the  other.    The  paflnce  of  the  Pa- 
towmack  through  the  Bbie  Ridge  h  per. 
haps  one  of  the  mofl^  fti'.ptr.dous  fcencs 
in  nature.    Tlie  mountains  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  of  thefe,  the  Peaks  of  Ot- 
ter, are  thought  10  be  of  a  greater  height, 
mcafured  from  their  bafe,  thpn  any  oth- 
ers in  Virginia,  and  perhaps  in  North- 
America.    From  data, whi'  h  may  foiifd 
a  tolerable  conjtdhire,  we  fi.ppofe  the 
higheft  peak  to  be  ;ibout  4000  feet  per- 
pendicular, which  is  not  a  fifth  part  of 
the  b.cight  of  the  mountains  of  South- 
/meiicii,  nc'r  one  tlilid  ol'  the  height 
which  would  be  ncctfTary  in  our  lati- 
tude to  prtiLfvo  ice  in  die  open  air  un- 
mcitfd  through  the  vear.     Ihe  ridge 
of  mountains   next   beyond   the   Blue: 
Ridg'-,  called  tlx  INorth  Mountain,  is 
of   die    greatfil    extent  ;   for    which 
reafon  they  are  nanvd  by  the  Indians 
the  Endlels  Mrunrains.    The  Ouafioto 
Mountains  are  jo  or  60  miles  wide  at  the 

Gap, 


I 


l^r' 


'ii 


V  I  R 

Gap.    Thefc  mountains  abound  in  coal, 
linie,  and  free-ftone  ;  the  fuminits  of 
them  are  generally  covered  with  a  good 
foil,  and  a  variety  of  timber ;  and  the 
low,  intervale  lands  are  rich  and  remark- 
ably well  Watered.    The  whole  coun- 
try below  the  mountains,  which  are  a- 
bout  ico»  fome  fay  aoo  miles  from  the 
lea>  is  level,  and  feems  from  various  ap- 
pearances to  have  been  once  waflied  liy 
the  Tea.    The  land  between  York  and 
Jfunes  rivers  is  very  level,  and  its  fur- 
&.ce  about  40  feet  above  high  water 
mark.    It  ap[)ears  from  obfervatton,  tp 
have  arifcn  to  its  prefent  height  at  dif- 
ferent jperiods  far  diftant  from  each  oth- 
er, anci  that  at  thefe  periods  it  was  wafli- 
ed by  the  lea  ;   for  near  Yorktown, 
where  the  banks  are  perpendicular,  you 
4rll  fee  vJiraluntt  intermixed  with  fmajl 
Jbells  refembling  a  mixture  of -clay  anjfi 
land,  and  about  5  feet  thick ;  on  this 
lies  horizontally,  fniall    white  Hielis, 
cockle,  clam,  &c.  an  inch  or  two  thick  ; 
then  a  body  of  earth  ftmilar  to  that  firft 
mentioned,  18  inches  thick  ;  then  a  lay- 
er of  (hells  and  another  body  of  earth  ; 
on  this  a  layer  of  3  feet  of  white  IhcUs 
mixed  with  iand,  on  which  lay  a  body 
of  oyfter  (hells  6  feet  thick,  which  were 
covered  with  earth  to  the  furface.    The 
oyfter  (hells  ate  fo  united  by  a  very 
^rong  cement,  that  they  fall  only  when 
.ttiulcrmined,  and  then  m  large  bodies 
fiam  X  to  20  tons  weight.    They  have 
the  appearance  of  large  rocks  on  the 
ihore.    I'he  foil  below  the  mountains 
foems  to  have  acquired  a  character  for 
jfixKlnefs  which  it  by  no  means  deferves. 
Tiiough  not  rich,  it  is  well  fuited  to  the 
growth  of  tobacco  and  Indian  corn,  and 
jpirts  of  it  for  wheat.     Good  crops  of 
cotton,  dax  and  hemp  are  alfo  raifcd  ; 
and  in  fome  counties  they  have  plenty 
of  cyder,  and  exquilite  brandy,  didilled 
from  peaches,  which  grow  in  great  a- 
bundance  upon  the  numerous  rivers  of 
the  Chefapcak.    The  planters,  before 
the  war,  paid  their  principal  attention 
to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  of  which  tliere 
ofed  to  be  exported,  generally,  55,000 
hogflieads  a  year.    Since  the  revolu- 
tion, they  are  turning  their  attention 
more  to  the  cultivation  of  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  barley,  flax  and  hemp.    It  is  ex- 
pedted  that  this  Sate  will  add  the  arti- 
cle of  rice  to  the  lift  of  her  exports ;  as 
it  is  fuppofed,  a  large  body  of  Iwamp  in 
tlie  eafternmoft  counties,  is  capable  of 
^roducipg  i^    UQroed  or  neat  cattle 


y  I  R 

are  bred  in  great  nurnbers  In  the  weft* 
ern  counties  of  Virginia,  as  well  as  in 
the  States  fouih  of  it,  where  they  have 
an  extenHve  range,  and  mild  winters, 
without  any  permanent  fnows.    They 
run  at  large,  are  not  houfcd,  and  multi- 
ply very  Taft.    "  In  the  lower  parts  of 
the  State  a  difeafe  prevailed  fome  years 
ago  among  the  neat  cattle,  which  proved 
fatal  to  all  that  were  not  bred  there.  The 
oxen,  from  the  more  northern  States, 
which  were  employed  at  the  fiege  of 
Yorktown,  in  oilober,  1781,  alraoft  all 
died,  fometimes  40  of  them  in  a  night, 
and  often  fuddenly  dropped  down  dead 
in  the  roads.    It  is  faid  that  the  feeds 
of  this  difeafe  were  brought  from  the 
Havanna  to  South-Carolina  or  Georgia 
in  fome  bides,  aod  that  the  difeafe  has 
progrdled  northward  to  Virginia.  Lord 
Dunmore  impcited  fome  catde  fiom 
Rhode-Ifland,  and  kept  than  confinc4 
in  a  fmall  pafture,  near  his  feat,  where 
no  cattle  had  been  for  fome  years,  and 
where  they  could  not  intermix  with  oth- 
er cattle,   and  yet  they  foon   died." 
The  gentlen^en,  being  fond  of  pleafure. 
have  taken  much  pains  to  raiie  a  good 
breed  of  horfes,  and  have  fucceeded  in 
it  beyond  any  of  the  States.    They  will 
give  iQooi.  fterling  for  a  good  fee(J 
horfe.    Horfe  racing  has  had  a  great 
tendency  to  encourage  the  breeding  of 
good  horfes,  as  it  afFords  an  opportunity 
cf  putting  them  to  the  trial  of  their 
fpecd.    They  are  more  elegant,  aod 
will  perform  more  fervice,  than  the 
horfes  of  the  northern  States.    Caves  a- 
mong  the  mountains,  have  lately  been 
difcovered,  which  yield  falt-petre  in  llich 
abundance,  that  <oo,cioo  pounds  of  it 
might  be  coUeded  from  them  annually. 
Virginia  is  the  moft  pregnant  with  min- 
erals and  foflils  of  any  State  in  the  Union, 
A  lingle  lump  of  gold  ore  has  been 
found,  near  the  falls  of  Rappahannock 
river,  which  yielded  17  dwt.  of  gold,  of 
extraordinary  dudlility.    No  other  in- 
dication of  gold  has  been  difcovered  in 
its  neighbourhood.    On  the  great  Kan- 
haway,  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  Crip- 
ple Creek,  and  alfo  about  %$  miles  from 
the  fouthern  boundary  of  the  State,  in 
the  county  of  Montgomery,  are  mines 
of  lc'<d-    Tha  metal  is  mixed,  fome- 
times with  earth,  and  fometimes  with 
rock,  which  requires  the.  force  of  gun- 
powder to  open  it ;  and  is  accomparii- 
ed  with  a  portion  of  filver,  too  fmall  to 
be  worth  fcparation,  un^er  any  procefs 

btherto 


V  I  R 

hitherto  attempted  there.  The  propor- 
tion wlded  is  from  jo  to  80  lb.  of  pure 
liietal  from  xoo  lb.  of  wafhed  ore. 
The  raoft  common  is  that  of  60  to  the 
ICO  lb.  Copper,  iron,  black-lead,  coal, 
marble,  lime-flone,  &c.  are  found  in  this 
country.  Cryftals  are  common.  Soniea- 
methyfts,  and  one  emcrdd  have  been  dif- 
covercd .  Every  able  bodied  freeman,  be- 
tween the  ages  of  16  and  50,  is  enrolledin 
the  militia.  Thofe  of  every  county  are 
formed  into  companies,  ana  thefe  again 
into  one  or  more  battalions,  according 
to  the  numbers  in  the  county.  They 
are  commanded  by  Colonels  and  other 
fubordinate  officers,  as  in  the  regular 
fervice.  In  every  county  is  a  county 
lieutenant,  who  commands  the  whole 
militia  in  his  county,  but  ranks  only  as 
«  Colonel  in  the  field.  They  have  no 
genera!  officers  always  exilling.  Thefe 
are  appointed  occafioDally,  wneft  an  in- 
vafion  or  infurreitiun  happens,  and 
their  commiflion  ceafes  with  the  occa- 
fion.  The  Governor  is  head  of  the  mil- 
itary as  well  as  civil  power.  The  law 
requires  every  militia  man  to  provide 
himfelf  with  the  arms  ufual  in  the  regu- 
lar fervice.  The  interfe<5tion  of  Vir- 
ginia-by  fo  many  navigable  rivers,  ren- 
ders it  almoft  incapable  of  defence. 
As  the  land  will  not  fupport  a  great 
number  of  people,  a  force  cannot  loon 
be  colleflcd  to  repel  a  fudden  invafion. 
If  the  militia  bear  the  fame  proportion 
to  the  number  of  inhabitants  now,  as  in 
178a,  they  amount  to  about  68,coo. 
This  State  is  not  divided  into  townlhips, 
nor  are  there  any  towns  of  ccnfequence, 
owing  probably  to  the  intcrfeflion  of 
the  country  by  navigable  rivers,  which 
brings  the  tnide  to  the  doors  of  the  in- 
habitants,  and  prevents  the  ncceliity  of 
their  going  in  quell  of  it  to  a  dif- 
ftance.  The  principal  towns,  or 
more  properly  villages  or  hamlets,  are 
as  follows.  On  Jiimes  river,  and  its  wa- 
ters, Norfolk,  Portfmoudi,  Hampton, 
Suffolk,  Smithfield,  Williamfburgh, 
Pcterfburg,  Richmond,  the  feat  of  gov- 
ernment, MancheOer,  Charlottefvu'ie, 
New-London. — On  York  river,  and  its 
waters,  York,  Newc.ftle,  Hanover.—- 
On  Rappahannock,  Uibi'nna,  Port- 
Koyal,  Frederickfburg,  Falmouth. — 
On  Patowmack,  and  i*"-.  v.aters,  Dum- 
fries, Colchefter,  Alexandria,  Winchef- 
ler,  and  Staunton.  There  arc  places,  at 
which,  like  fome  of  the  fovctoing,  the 
laws  bare  £ud  there  fltall  oe  Downs ; 


VI  R 

but  nature  has  faid  there  (hall  not,  and 
they  remain  unworthy  of  enumeration. 
Norfolk  will  probably  become  the  em- 
porium for  all  the  trade  of  tlie  Chefa- 
peak  Bay  and  its  waters';  and  a  canal  of 
8  or  lo  miles,  which  is  contemplated, 
and  will  probably  foon  be  completed, 
will  bring  to  it  all  that  of  Albemarle 
Sound  and  its  waters.  Secondary  to 
this  place,  are  the  towns  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  waters,  to  wit,  Peterfburg  on 
Appamattox,  Richmond  on  James  riv- 
er, NewcaftJe  on  York  river,  Frcder- 
ickfturg  on  Rappahannock,  and  Alex- 
andria on  Patovymack.  From  thefe  the 
dillributioo  will  be  to  fubordinate 
lituations  of  the  country.  Accidental 
circumftances,  however,  may  cciur(i 
the  indications  of  iiaturc,  and  in  no  in- 
ll-ances  do  they  do  it  more  fretjuently 
than  in  the  rife  and  fall  of  towns.  The' 
college  of  William  and  Mary  was  found- 
ed about  the  beginning  of  this  centu- 
ry. Sea  Witlianijlurg.  The  academy 
in  Prince  Edward  county  has  been 
ercdltd  into  a  college  by  the  name  of 
Hampden  Sydney  college.  There  are 
a  number  of  academies  in  different 
parts  of  Virginia,  one  at  Alexandria, 
one  at  Norfolk,  one  at  Hanover,  and 
others  in  other  places.  The  prefent 
denominations  of  Chriflians  in  Virgin- 
ia are  Prefbyterians,  who  are  moft  nu- 
merous, lipifcopalians,  Baptifts,  <inci 
Methodifts.  The  exports  of  this  State, 
in  the  year  1791,  ending  Sept.  jotih, 
amounted  to  3,i3i,aa7  dollars ;  in 
1792— .U549»499  dollars;  in  1793— 
2>9^453i7  ;  in  1:94 — 3>32i>494  do- 
lais;  and  in  1796 — 5,168,615  djllarj. 
In  1790,  about  40,000  h'ld.^  of  tobac- 
co were  exported  ;  but  its  culture 
has  (ince  declined,  and  that  of  wheat  ta- 
ken its  place.  The  grcatcft  quantity  of 
tobacco  ever  produced  in  this  country, 
in  one  year,  \yas  70,000  hhds.  in  tlw 
year  1758.  V iiginia  was  fettled  perma- 
nently, after  feveral  preceding  unfuc- 
cefsful  attempts,  in  i6ro,  being  the  ear- 
lieft  efliablilhed  of  any  of  die  United 
States. 

Virgin  Jjlardi,  a  group  of  fmall  ifl- 
ands  ir  the  \Vcft-Indies,  to  the  eaft- 
wardofthe  Ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  be- 
longing to  different  European  powers. 
They  extend  for  the  fpace  of  14  leagues, 
from  E.  to  W.  and  about  16  leagues 
from  N.  to  S.  and  nearly  approach  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Poito  Rico.  'J  hey  arc 
every  way  dangerous  to  navigators^ 


I'fn 


I 


'!'] 


m 


1^ 


SI 


.rif 


■Ir 


I 


VI  n 


W  A» 


I ,.; 


though  there  is  a  bafon  in  the  miift  of 
them  of  6  or  7  leagues  in  length,  and 
3  or  4  in  breadth,  in  which  Ihips  may 
anchor  and  be  flieltered  and  land-lock- 
ed from  all  winds ;  which  is  named  the 
Bay  of  Sir  Francis  Drake,  from  his  hav- 
ing pjtfled  through  them  to  St.  Pomin- 
go.  Thofe  which  are  occupied  and  in- 
habited appear  under  their  refpe(S>e 
names ;  but  others  are  deftitute  both  of 
names  and  inhabitants.  The  Britiflt  and 
Danes  poflifs  null:  of  them  ;  but  the 
Spaniards  claim  thjfe  near  Porto  Ri- 
co. The  ifland  of  l^irgin  Gon/it,  on 
Ivhich  depend  Anegada,  "Nicker,  Prick- 
ly Pear,  Mjfquito  Iflands,  Camanoes, 
Dog-Hlands,  the  i^allen  City,  the  Round 
Hoc!;,  Ginger,  Cooper's,  Salt,  Peter's, 
and  Dead  Cheft,  belong  to  the  Bntijj  ; 
as  alfo  Tortoln,  on  which  depend  joll 
Van  Dykes,  Little  Van  Dykes,  Guana, 
Beef,  and  Thatch  Iflands.  To  the 
banes  belong  St.  Thoynas^s  Ijland,  on 
Vrhich  Brafs,  Little  Saba,  Buck  iHand, 
Great  and  Little  St.  James,  and  Bird  Ifl- 
and are  dependant ;  with  St.  yohn's,  to 
■which  depend  Lavango, Cam,  and  Witch 
iflands;  and  they  liave  alfo  Santa  Ifland, 
Or  St.  Oroix.  The  Spaniards  claim 
Serpent's  Ifland,  (called  by  the  Britifli 
Green  Ifland)  the  Tropic  K.-ys,  Great 
and  Little  Paflage  Ifland,  and  particu- 
larly Crab  Iflind.  The  Bjoby  birds 
are  fb  tame  on  Bird  Ifland,  that  a  man,  it 
is  faid,  in  a  fh;^rt  time,  may  catch  fuffi- 
Cient  in  his  hand  to  fupply  a  fleet. 
Thefe  iflands  lie  about  lat.  i8  ao  N,  and 
tlie  courfe  through  them,  with  due  at- 
tention, is  perfe(aiy  fafe  at  welt  by  N. 
and  wefl:-north-weft  as  far  as  the  weft 
end  of  the  fourth  ifland.  Leave  this  on 
the  ftarboard  fide,  add  the  ifl  iild  called 
Foul  Cliff,  on  the  larboard,  between 
which. there  is  1 6  fathoms,  and  a  free 
channel  to  the  we  ft  ward,  before  there  is 
any  alteration  of  the  courfe ;  for  though 
there  be  but  fix  or  fovcn  fathom 3  in  fome 
places,  it  is  no  wh;"e  flioaler,  and  in  fome 
places  there  is  from  i6  to  ao  fathoms. 
The  ifland  of  Anguilla,  on  the  north 
fide  of  St.  Martin's  Illand,  is  E.  S.  E. 
from  them. 

Vi  R  a  I M  Ma  R  y ,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point 
bfthe  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, in  the  S.Atlantic  Ocean,  is  a  (leep 
White  cliff.  S.  lat.  5 a  .^2,  W.  long.  67 
54.  The  variation  of  the  compafs,  in 
1780,  was  IX  30.  E. 

ViRoi.M  Ihi'kt,  off  the  S.  E.  part  of 
the  c^J4ll  of  Newfoundland  lihai,  ao 


leagues  S.  Ei  of  Cape  Race.  N.  lat  461 
according  to  others,  lat.  46  30,  and 
thefe  laft  fay  17  or  18  leagues  S.  £.  by 
£.  of  Cape  Ballard. 

ViTTORiA,  St.  Juandet  a  city  of  Peru. 
See  Guamanga,  its  moft  common  name. 

Volcanic  I/land,  between  Swallow 
Ifland  and  Santa  Cruz,  about  8  leagues 
north  of  the  latter,  in  tlie  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  which  Mendana,  in  1595,  faw  a  vol- 
cano, which  ilamed  continually.  S.  lat.v 
10  30. 

VoLUNTQWN,  a  townfl»ip  on  the  E. 
line  of  Connefticut,  Windham  co.  E.  of 
Plainfield,  19  N.  E.  of  Norwich,  and  a6 
S.  W.  of  Providence.  It  was  fettled  io 
1696,  having  been  granted  to  volunteers 
in  the  Narraganfet  War  ;  hence  its 
name.  It  was  incorporated  in  1719. 
It  is  ao  mileg  long,  and  between  3  and 
4  broad,  and  has  a  large  fwamp  abound- 
ing with  white  pine,  lufEcient  to  fupply 
the  neighbouring  towns  with  materials 
for  building. 

w 

WABASH  is  a  beautiful  navigablfe 
river,  of  the  N.  W.  Territory, 
which  runs  a  S.  W.  and  fouthern  courie» 
and  empties  into  the  Ohio,  by  a  mouth 
470  yards  wide,  in  lat.  37  41  N.  168 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and 
loaa  miles  below  Pittfburg.  In  the 
fpring,  fummer,  and  autumn,  it  is  palT- 
able  in  batteaux  and  barges,  drawing 
about  3  feet  water,  412  miles,  to  Ouiat- 
anon  ;  and  for  large  canoes  197  miles 
further,  to  the  Miami  carrying-place, 
9  miles  from  Miami  village.  This  vil- 
lage ftands  on  Miami  riverj  which  emp* 
ties  into  the  S.  W.  part  of  Lake  Erie. 
The  communication  between  Detroit 
and  the  Illinois  and  Ohio  countries,  is 
up  Miami  river,  to  Miami  village, 
thence  by  land  9  mil.es,  when  the  rivers 
are  high,  and  from  18  to  30  when  they 
are  low,  through  a  level  country  to 
the  Wabafli,  and  through  the  various 
branches  of  the  Wabafli  to  the  places 
of  dcftination.  The  land  on  this  river 
is  remarkably  fertile.  A  filver  mine 
has  been  difcovered  about  a8  miles 
above  Ouiatanon,  on  the  nordiern  fide 
of  the  Wabafh.  Salt  fprings,  lime, 
frec-ftone,  bhie,  yellow,  and  white  clay, 
are  found  in  plenty  on  this  river.  The 
copper  mine  on  tnis  river,  is  perhaps 
the  richeft  veia  of  native  copper  iu 
•'^  "    i  the 


lat  461 

o,  and 
E.  by 

ofPcru. 
1  name, 
iwallow 
leagues 
Ocean, 
IV  a  ToU 
S.lat.^ 


•w  A  e 

the  bowels  of  the  whole  earth.  See  Vi/i' 
^cents  and  Ouiatanon. 
.  Wabash,  Liti/c,  runs  a  courfe  S.  S. 
£.  and  fitlls  into  the  VVabalh  10  miles 
from  the  Ohio, 

Wachovia,  6r  DoI'Fs  Parijh,  a  trait 
of  land  in  N.  CaroHnaj  fituatcd  between 
the  E.  fide  of  Yadkin  river,  and  the 
head  waters  of  Haw  and  Deep  rivers, 
confifling  of  about  100,000  acres,  partly 
in  Stokes  aiid  Surry  counties.  The 
United  Brethren,  or  Moravians,  pur- 
chal'ed  this  tradt  of  Lord  Granville,  in 
1751,  and  called  it  Wachovia,  after  the 
name  of  an  eflate  of  Count  Zinzendorf, 
in  Germany,  in  1755,  it  was  made  a 
feparate  parifli,  and  named  Dobb's,  by 
the  legiflature.  The  fettlement  of 
Bethabara,  was  begun  in  175,1,  by  a 
number  of  the  Brethren  from  Pennfyl- 
vania.  Salem,  which  is  the  principal 
fetdement,  commenced  ih  1766,  and  is 
inhabited  by  a  number  of  ingenious 
tradefmeh.  This  thriving  panfh  lies 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Pilot  Mountain, 
and  contains  6  churches. 

Wachquatnach,  an  ancient  Mora- 
vian fettlement  in  Conne<5ficuti  on  Strat- 
ford river  ;  23  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Wachuset  Mount  a!  n,  in  the  town 
pf  Princetown,  Muflacluifctts,  may  be 
feen  in  a  clear  horizon,  at  the  diftance 
of  67  miles,  hieing  3,989  feet  ab'oVe  the 
level  of  the  fca. 

Wadesborough,  the  chief  town  of 
Anfon  CO.  in  tayctteville  dillrift,  N. 
Carolina.  Jt  contains  a  court-houfe, 
(jaol,  and  about  30  houfes,  and  being 
icated  on  a  lofty  hill,  is  both  pleafant 
and  healthy.  It  is  76  miles  wcftby  fouth 
of  Fayettevillc,  and  50  fouth-eaft  by  S. 
bfSalifbury. 

,   Wadmelaw,  an  Ifland  in  Charlefion 
harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

Wadsworth,  a  town  of  New- York, 
bntario  co.  lituated  on  the  eaft  bank  of 
beneffee  river ;  4  miles  weft  of  Conefus 
Lake,  and  13  fouth-wcll  by  fouth  of 
Hartford. 

Wadham  IJlaiids,  near  the  N.  E. 
coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland.  N.  lat. 
4957,  weft  long.  53  37.  _ 

W  A  c  H  R '  s  St  relit,  or  River,  in  New 
North  Wales,  in  N.  America,  lies  in  lat. 
65  23  N.  and  is  about  z  or  3  miles  wide. 
At  J  or  6  miles  within  its  entrance,  it  is 
6  or  8  leagues  wide,  having  levcral  ifl- 
ands  and  rocks  in  the  midclle.  It  has 
foundings  from  16 to  30  and  44  fathoms; 
and  the  land  on  both  fides  is  as  high 
KKk 


W  A  L 

(according  to  Captaia  Middleton's  ac« 
county  as  any  in  England.  Savage 
Sound,  a  fmall  cove  or  harbour,  fit  tor 
fhips  to  anchor  in,  lies  on  tlie  northern 
fliore,  13  or  14  leagues  up  the  ftrait,  ill 
long.  87  18  W.  All  the  country  froin 
Wager's  Strait  to  Seal  river,  is  in  fome 
maps  called  New  Denmark.  Capu 
Monk  was  fent  thither,  in  1610,  by  die 
king  of  Denmark,  and  wintered  at  a 
place  called  Monk's  Winter  I  [;u  hour,  in 
lat.  63  ao  N,  which  muft  be  a  little  north 
of  Rankin's  Inlet. 

Waitsfiki-d,  the  fouth- eafternmoft: 
townlliip  of  Chittenden  co.  Vermonti 
containing  61  inhabitants. 

Wait's  River  rifes  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  and  empties  into  Connedicut 
river,  at  Bradford. 

Wajomick,  an  Indian  town  on  Suf- 
quehannah  river,  about-400  miles  from 
the  fea.  In  the  fpring  of  1 756,  the  In- 
dians (hot  a  feals  here,  and  they  could 
not  fufficiently  exprefs  their  altonifb- 
ment  at  the  light  of  thefe  animals  un- 
known to  them. 

Wake,  an  inland  co.  of  nilKborough 
diftnd,  North-Carolina  ;  bounded  N. 
W.  by  Orange,  and  E.  and  S.  E.  by 
Johnlcm.  It  contains  10,192  inliabit- 
ants,  including  2,463  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Raleigh. 

.  WAKEFiELD,former!yr^-/!?'7u«and 
IVatertonvfi,  a  townl'hip  ot  Strafford  co; 
New-Hamplhire,  eaft  of  tVolfborough, 
incorporated  in  1774.  It  contains  640 
inhabitants.  In  thcnorth-eaft  part  is  a 
pond  which  is  the  foiu-ce  of  Pifcataqua 
river. 

Wakkama-vv,  a  beautiful .  lake,  2(9 
miles  in  circuit,  fituated  in  Rladen  co; 
North-Carolina.  The  lands  ou  its  eaft- 
ern  fhores  are  fertile,  and  the  fituation 
delightful,  gracluallv  afcending  fioni 
the  fliorcs ;  bounded  on  the  nordi-wcft 
coaft  by  vaft  rich  fwamps,  fit  for  rice. 
This  hike  is  the  fource  of  a  fiue  river,  of 
the  f.ime  name,  and  runs  a  fuutherly 
courfe,  for  70  or  80  miles,  and  emptic? 
into  Winyaw  Bay,  at  Georgetown* 
in  South-Carolina. 

Walden,  a  townfiiip  of  Vermont^ 
Caledonia  co.  having  Danville  on  the 
fouth-eaft.  It  conuins  only  ii  Uihab- 
itants. 

Waldoborough,  a  puft-town  and 
port  of  entry  of  the  Diftridt  of  Mame,, 
m  Lincoln  co.  iz  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Warren,  10  E.  by  S.  of  Kcwcartlc,  ao, 
call  of  WifcalTet,  and  54,?  north-eail  of 
Philadelphia- 


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■  !t 


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W  A  L 


tV  A? 


i      :        t 


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f 


riiiladelphia.  This  is  the  port  of  entry 
for  the  diftrift,  lying  between  the  towns 
of  Camden  and  Northport  5  and  all  the 
fliores  and  waters  from  tho  middle  of 
Damaiifcotta  river  to  the  fouth-weftcm 
fide  of  the  town  of  Northport,  The 
townfliip  of  "Waldolwrough  was  incor- 
porated in  1773,  andcoatains  izio  in- 
habitants. 

Waldo  Patent ^  a  traiJt  of  land  form- 
ing the  fouth-eaft  part  of  Hancock  co.^ 
in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  and  on  the 
welt  fide  of  PencJjfcot  rircr  and  bay. 

WALESjiVirw  Sonthy  a  country  of  vaft 
extent,  but  IhtJe  known,  lying  round 
the  fouthern  part  of  Hudfon  3  Bay. 

Wales,  Neiv  Norths  an  extenfive 
territory  of  North-America  ;  having 
Prince  William's  Land  on  the  north, 
part  of  Baffin's  Bay  on  tlK  eaft,  and  fep- 
snratcd  from  New  South  Wales,  oa  the 
fouth  by  Seal  river. 

Wales,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Diftri6t  of  Maine,  55  miles  north-eall  of 
Portland,  and  1 80  from  Bolton.  It  con- 
tains 4';9  inhabitants. 

Walhalding,  the  Indian  name  of 
an  eaftern  branch  of  Mufkingum  river, 
at  the  mouth  of  which  ftood  Gofchach- 
guenk,  a  Delaware  town,  and  fettlement 
©f  Chriitian'  Indians. 

WALLiNGFORDi  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, Rutland  co.  eaft  of  Tinmouth. 
It  contains  536  inhabitants. 

Wallisgford,  apleafantpoft-toWn 
of  ConnedHcut,  New-Haven  co.  13  miles 
S.  \V.  of  Middleton,  13  N.  E.  of  New- 
Haven,  and  19  J  north-eaft  of  Philsidel- 
phia.  This  townfliip,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Coginrhau^c,  was  fettled  m  T671;. 
rs  divided  into  two  pariflies,-  and  con- 
tains about  aooo  inhabitants.  It  is  la 
miles  long,  and  7  broad. 

Wallkill,  a  townlhip  of  New- 
York,  Ulfter  CO.  on  the  creek  of  its 
name,  about  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Go- 
fhcn,  II  weft  of  Newburgh,  and  58  N. 
W.  of  Ncw-Yoik  city.  It  contains 
4,571  inhabitants,  of  whom  340  are 
qualified  clev'tors,  and  103  ilaves. 

Wai-n'ut  Hillst  in  the  weftem  terri- 
tory of  Georgia,  are  fituated  on  a  trad 
of  land  formed  by  Miflilippi  river  and 
the  Loolii  Chitto,  and  on  the  nordi  lidc 
of  the  latter. 

WALLO()MscHACK,afmall  branch  of 
Hoofack  rircr,  Vermont. 

Wallpacjc,  a  townfhip  in  Suflex  co. 
Jlew-Jerfey,  on  Delaware  river,  about 
M  milos  wctt  of  Newtown,  and  j* 


nortJ».-weft  of  Bninrwick.  It  containa 
496~inhabitant3,  including  30  flaves. 

Walpolr,  a  pott-town  of  Ncw- 
Hampfhire,  eheftnre  co.  on  the  caltet  n 
lide  of  Conne<JUcut  river,  n  miles  fouth 
of  Charleitown,  i,|  north-weft  by  north 
of  Keene,  108  weft  of  Portlmouih,  and 
330  from  Philai!elphia.  The  townfhip 
contains  1145  inhabitant:^. 

Walpoee,  a  townfhip  of  Maflhchu- 
fetts,  Norfolk  co.  on  the  great  road  to 
Providence,  and  20  miles  iouth-welt  rf 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  I734» 
and  contains  1005  inhabitants. 

Walsjngham,  CapCf  is  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Cumberland's  Ifland,  in  Hud- 
fon's  Straits.  N.  hu.  62  39,  W.  long. 
77  S3'  High  water,  At  full  and  change, 
at  I J  o'clock. 

Wa  lth  am,  a  towirfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fi-'fts,  Middlefex  co.  11  miles  north-weft 
by  north  of  Bofton.  It  was  iifcorpora- 
ted  in  1737,  and  contains  88j  inhabit- 
ants. 

Walt  ham,  or  Wejlka?n,  a  village  *  1 
Henrico  co.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  James'  river,  4  miles  north- 
weft  of  Richmond^ 

Wampanos,  an  Imfian  tribe,  allien 
of  the  Hurons. 

Wanaspatuckft  IRher,  rifes  in 
Gloucefter,  Rhode-Ifland,  and  falls  into 
Providence  river  a  mi+e  and  an  hali 
north-welt  of  VVeybofiet  bridge.  Upon 
this  river  formerly  ftood  the  only  pow- 
der-mill in  this  State,  and  within  one 
mile  of  its  nuuith  there  are  a  flitting- 
mill,  two  paper-mills,  t"'o  grift-milb 
with  four  run  of  ftones,  an  oil-mill,  and 
a  faw-mill.- 

Wan  DO,  a  fiiort,  broad  river  of  S. 
Carolina,  which  rifes  in  Charlefton  dii- 
trift,  and  empties  into  Cooper's  river,  a 
few  miles  below  Charlcllon. 

Wanooaettk,  an  ifland  in  tiie  S.' 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  two  miles  in  ex- 
tent fron»  ibuth-eaft  to  north-weit.  It 
is  about  10  miles  at  north-weft  by  weft 
from  the  north  end  of  Wateehoo  Ifl- 
and. 

Wantage,  a  townfliip  near  the  N. 
W.  corner  of  New-Jerfey,  Sufl'^x  co.  15 
miles  northerly  of  Newtown.  It  con- 
tains 1700  inhabitants,  including  36 
Haves. 

Wamtastic,  the  original  name  of 
Weft  river,  Vermont. 

Wappacamo  River t  z  large  fouth' 
branch  of  Patowmack  river,  which  it 
join*  ia  lat.  39  39  N.  where  the  latter 

wai 


contaiM 
laves. 
>f  Ncw- 
le  caltein 
iles  fouth 
by  north 
>uih,  and 
townfhip 

Vlafihchu- 
at  road  to 
i-wdt  of 
in  T734» 

the  eaft 

in  Hud- 

W.  long. 

change, 

MafTachu- 
rorth-'A'eft 
nfcorpora- 
2  inhabit- 

1  village:  J 
?d  on  th« 
iles  north- 

ribe,  alliw 

,  rifeg  irt 
d  falls  into 
id  an  hall 
ge.  Upon 
only  pow- 
vithin  one 
a  flitting- 
grilt-mills 
l-mill>  and 

iver  of  S. 
lefton  dii- 
r*3  river,  a 

in  tiie  S. 
les  in  ex- 

i-welt.  le 
ft  by  welt 
eehoo  Ifl- 

ar  the  N. 

fl'^XCO.  Iff 

.    It  con- 

uding  2& 

name  of 

rge  foath' 
which  it 
the  latter 
waa 


W  A  R 

\vas  formerly  known  by  the  name  of 
Coliongoiomo. 

Waptju'agan  IJlandsy'^'^  tbe  Lab- 
rador cuaft,  lie  between  lat,  50  and  50 
5  N.  and  between  long.  59  <5  and  60 
30  vv. 

Ward,  a  townfhip  of  Mafliichufetts, 
Woj  cefter  co.  5  miles  ibuth  of  Worcel- 
tcr,  and  f,^  fcuth-wcft  of  JJoflon,  wid 
contains  473  iuhubitants. 

WARUsBORouGti,  a  townfliip  of 
Vennont,  Windham  co,  la  or  15  miles 
weft  of  Putney,  and  17  uoith-cail  of 
J3ennington,  and  contains  753  inhabit- 
ants. 

WARDEBRit)GE,a  poft-town  of  Ncw- 
York,  Ullltr  co.  on  the  Wallkill,  10 
riilts  noith  of  Guflicn,  30  fouth  by  weft 
of  Kingllon,  iind  156  norih-caft  by 
iiortii  ut  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about 
40  ccmpaft  houlcs  and  an  academy. 

Ware,  a  fmall  river  of  Mafl'achufetts 
■which  originates  in  a  pond  in  Gen  y,  in 
Worctllcr  co.  and  in  Peterflum  it  re- 
ceives Swift  river,  and  jeceiving  Qua- 
4x>ag  river,  which  come«  from  Brouk- 
iield,  it  thence  afliimcs  the  name  of 
Chicabtc,  and  falls  into  ConnedUcut  riv- 
er at  Springfield,  Its  courfe  is  fouth 
and  foutli-wcft. 

Warii,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachufetts, 
in  Hampfliirc  co.  incorporated  in  1761, 
and  contains  77J  inhabitants.  It  is  i.; 
jniles  N.  E.  of  SpringfielJ,  and  70  miles 
wcft-north-weft  of  Bofton. 

Waruham,  a  townlhip  of  MafTachii- 
jTetts,  fituated  in  Plymouth  co.  at  tlie 
jiead  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  w  eft 
tide,  60  miles  S.  by  li.  of  Bofton.  li 
was  incorporated  in  17 -59,  and  contains 
S54  inhabitants.  N.  iat.  41  45,  W. 
long.  70  40. 

Warminster,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  north  fide  of 
James'  river,  in  Aniherfl  co.  about  90 
miles  above  Richmond.  It  contains 
about  40  houfes,  and  a  tobacco  ware- 
lioufe.  It  is  332  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia, 11  miles  troni  Charlottefvilic,  and 
9  from  Newmarket,  There  is  alfo  a 
lownlfiip  of  this  name  in  Buck's  county, 
I'ennfylvania. 

Wakm  Springy  a  ridge  of  mountains 
bears  this  name,  a  part  ol  the  Allegha- 
ny Mountains,  fituated  N.  \V.  of  the 
Calf  Paftuie,  and  famous  for  warm 
j'prings.  The  moll  efficacious  of  thcfe, 
are  two  fprings  in  Auguila,  near  tiic 
fources  of  James'  river,  wheie  it  is  called 
Jftckion's  river.     They  rile  Dcur  the 


WAR 

foot  of  the  liJge  of  mcunuins,  generally 
called  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  but 
in  tbe  maps  Jackfoii's  Mountains.  The 
one  is  difticgullVd  by  the  name  of  the 
Warm  iipriog,  and  the  other  of  the 
Hot  Spring.  The  Warm  Spring  i/liics 
Willi  a  >cry  bold  ftream,  lufficient  to 
work  a  grift-mill,  and  to  keep  the  wa- 
ters  of  its  bafon,  which  is  3c  tect  in  di- 
amfcter,  at  the  vital  warmth,  viz.  96°  of 
I'arerheit's  thermometer.  The  matter 
wiih  which  diefe  waters  is  allied  is  very 
volatile  ;  its  fmell  indicates  it  to  be  ful- 
j-hureous,  as  :dfo  does  the  circumftanct 
of  turning  filver  black.  'IJiey  relieve 
rheumatisms.  Other  complamts  alfo 
of  veiy  different  natures  have  been  re- 
moved or  leffened  by  thtm.  It  laina 
here  4  or  5  days  in  every  week.  The 
Hot  Spring  is  about  fix  miles  from  the 
Warm,  is  much  linallcr,  and  has  been 
ib  hot  as  to  have  boiled  an  egg.  Sonic 
believe  its  degree  of  heat  to  be  Icflened, 
It  raifes  the  mercury  in  Farenheit's 
thermometer  to  iia  degrees,  which  is 
fever  heat.  It  fometinies  relieves  where 
the  Warm  Spring  fails.  A  fountain  of 
common  water,  iffuing  within  a  few 
iaches  of  its  margin,  gives  it  a  lingular 
appearance.  Comparing  the  tempera- 
ture of  thcfe  v/iih  that  of  the  hot  fprinjjs 
of  Kamfchatka,  of  which  Krachininm- 
ko^v  gives  an  account,  the  difference  is 
veiy  great,  the  latter  railing  the  mercury 
to  200  degrees,  which  is  within  12  de- 
grees of  boiling  water.  Tliefc  fprings 
are  very  much  refortcd  to,  in  fpite  of  a 
total  want  of  accommodation  for  the 
f ick.  Their  wata  s  ate  ftrongeft  in  the 
hotteft  jnonths,  which  occaiions  their 
being  vifited  in  July  and  Auguft  princi- 
pally.  The  Sweet  Springs,  in  the 
count^  of  Botetourt,  at  the  caftern  foot 
of  the  Alleghany,  are  about- 4a  miles 
from  the  Warn\  Springs. 

Warnkr,  a  townihip  of  New-Uamp- 
fhirc,  llillfborough  co.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  4774,  and  contains  S63  inhab- 
itants. 

Warrev,  a  new  county  of  die  Up- 
per Dillrid  of  Georgia. 

Warren,  a  couuty  of  Halifax  dll- 
tri(ft,  N.  Carolina.  It  contains  9,397 
inhabitants,  including  4,720  fiiives. 

WARRENTON,a  pcft-town,  and  the, 
capital  of  the  above  mentioned  county, 
fituated  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hiliftor- 
ough,  35  weft  of  llaliGix,  54  north  of 
Kakigli,  83  fouth  of  Pcterfl: ur^  in  Vir- 
ginia; lUid  j 90  fiu:ii  riiiiadcli''hia.    'J  he 

tow  a 


#" 


c 


'    !   1 


?>' 


;i  I 


WAR 

^own  contains  about  ^o  houfes,  and 
^ands  in  a  lofty,  dry,  and  healthy  fitua- 
tion.  Europeans,  of  various  nations, 
refide  in  and  about  the  town.  Here  is 
a  refptdable  academy,  hiving  general- 
ly from  66  to  70  Undents. 

Warren,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Addifon  CO.  abo^t  30  miles  N.  E.  by  E. 
of  Crown  Point. 

Warren,  a  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
tri(5t  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  adjoining 
Camden  and  Thomafton ;  .^.i  miles 
fouth  by  weft  of  Belfaft,  J03  N.  E.  by 
N.  of  IJoftop,  and  557  from  Philadel- 
phia. T  his  townihip  is  feparated  from 
that  of  Thomafton,  by  St.  George's  riv- 
er ;  was  incorporatea  in  1776,  and  con- 
tains 64a  inhabitants. 

Wariien,  a  townihip  of  Grafton  co. 
Ncw-Hampfhire,  north-eaft  of  Oiford, 
adjoining,  incorporated  in  I763>  and 
contains  106  inhabitants. 

Warren,  a  pott-town  of  Rhnde-Ifl- 
and,  in  Brlftol  co.  plcaf^ntly  iituaied 
on"  Warren  river  and  tlie  north-eaft 
part  of  Narraganfet  Bay,  4  miles  north 
of  Briftol,  10  S.  S.  E.  of  Providence, 
and  30Z  from  Philadelphia.  This  is  a 
flourifhing  town ;  carries  on  a  briflc 
coafting  and  Welt-India  trade,  and  is 
remarkable  for  fliip  building.  The 
whole  townfhip  contains  ma  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  3i  are  flaves.  Rhode- 
Ifland  College  was  finl:  inftituted  in 
this  town,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Providence. 

Warren,  anew  townfliip  of  Ilerke- 
mer  co.  l^ew-York.  It  was  taken 
from  German  Flats,  and  Incorporated  in 
J  796.  » 

Warrin,  a  part  of  die  townfhip  of 
Chenengo,  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
on  Sufquehann;ih  river,  bears  this  name 
in  De  Witt's  map. 

Warren,  a  townfhip  of  Conneflicut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  between  the  townfhips 
of  K'^nt  and  Litchfield. 

Warrfn,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia, 
10  niiles  from  Warminfttr,  21  fiom 
Charlottefvillc,  and  :,i6  fraiTi  Philadel- 
phia. 

Warrfn's  Pcrnt,  on  the  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  is  on  llie  eaft  (ide  of  Che- 
budto  Harljour,  about  2  iiiiles  caft  of 
the  town  of  lialitax^  It  is  at  the  en- 
trance of  a  creek,  wiiich  receives  Saw- 
mill river  and  other  Itrcams. 

Warrington,  t.he  name  of  two 
townfhips  of  Peiini "ylvania  ;  the  ons  in 
■^^f k  CO.  tlic  othci  in  puck's  to» 


WAR 

Warsaw,  or  Wafatv,  an  iflan^ 
and  found  on  the  coaft  of  Geof. 
gia,  between  the  mouth  of  Savan^ 
nah  river  and  that  of  Ogeechee.  The 
ifland-  forms  the  north  (ide  of  OfTabaw 
Sound  ;  being  in  a  N.  E.  direftion  from 
OfTabaw  Ifland.  Warfaw  Sound  is 
formed  by  the  northern  end  of  the  ifl- 
and of  its  name,  and  the  ibuthern  end 
of  Tybee  Ifland. 

Warwick,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north  by  York  county,  and 
fouth  by  James'  river,  which  feparates 
it  from  Ifle  of  Wight  and  Nanlemond 
counties.  It  is  the  oldeft  county  of  the 
State,  having  been  eftabliOied  in  1628. 
It  contains  1690  inhabitants,  of  whom 
ygo  are  flaves. 

Warwick,  a  townfhip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  in  Hampfliire  co.  incorporated  in 
176,^,  and  contains  12^6  inhabitant*. 
It  is  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
New-Hampfhire,  not  far  eart  of  Con- 
nediciit  river,  and  is  90  miles  north- 
welt  of  Bofton. 

Warwick,  the  chief  town  of  Kent 
CO.  Rhode-Ifland,  fituated  at  the  head 
of  Narraganfet  Bay,  and  on  tjje  weft 
fide  5  about  8  miles  fouth  of  Providence. 
The  townihip  contains  4,493  inhabit- 
ants, including  35  Haves.  A  cotton  man- 
ufactory has  been  eftabliflied  in  this  town 
upon  an  txtenfive  fcale.  One  of  Ark- 
wright's  machines  was  erefted  here  in 
Auguft,  179? ;  and  the  yarn  produced 
anfwers  the  moft  languine  expectation. 
This  town  was  the  oirth-place  of  tho 
celebrate^  Gen.  Green. 

Warwick,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
Orange  co.  bounded  eaiterly  by  New- 
Cornwall,  and  foutherly  by  the  State  of 
Newjerfey.  It  contains  3,603  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  whom  383  are  electors,  and  9^1 
flaves. 

Warwick,  the  name  of  two  town- 
fliips  of  Pennf ylvania;  the  one  in  Buck's 
county,  the  other  in  that  of  Lancafter. 
In  the  latter  is  the  fine  Moravian  fcttle- 
ment  calkd  Lliiz  ;  which  fee.  • 

Warwick,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
land, Cecil  CO.  on  the  ealtern  Ihore  01 
Chefapeak  l>av;  about  14  miles  ibuth- 
erly  of  Klkton,  8  N.  E.  of  (icorge- 
town  Crols  Roads,  and  57  fouth-weft  oil" 
Philadelphia. 

Warwick,  a  fir ,11  town  of  Chefter- 
field  CO.  Virginia ;  agreeably  lituated  en 
the  fouth-weft  fide  of  James'  river,  a- 
bout  7  miles  fonth-fbuth-eaft  of  Rich- 
mond,   and  j;   aoith  oi    Peterftiurg, 

Vefiel* 


WAS 


WAS 


an  iflan^ 
of"  Geoi-- 
f  Savan- 
ee.  The 
pffabaw 
ition  from 
Sound  is 
f  the  ill- 
thern  end 

Virginia, 
unty,  and 

feparates 
aniemond 
nty  of"  the 

in  1628. 

of  whom 

MafTachu- 
porated  in 
nhnbitanti. 
e  State  of 
!t  of  Con- 
les  north- 

m  of  Kent 
the  head 
in  the  wett 
•rovidence. 
p3  inhabit- 
'otton  man- 
n  this  town 
ne  of  Ark- 
ed  here  in 
1  produced 
upeiifation. 
ace  of  tho 

f  N.  York, 
y  by  New- 
he  State  of 
103  inhabit- 
ors,  and  9_j 

two  town-r 
e  in  Buck's 
Lancafter. 
vian  fcttle- 

of  Mary, 
rn  (ho  re  oiT 
liles  ibuth- 
if"  (Jeorge- 
uth-weft  ot 

)f  Chefter- 
iituated  en 
i'  river,  a- 
t  of  Rich- 
Peterfbiirg, 
Vcflel* 


Veffels  of  150  tons  burden  can  come  to 
this  town.  In  1 78 1,  Benedi(ft  Arnold 
dellroyed  many  vtfl'els  in  the  river  and 
un  the  ftocks  at  this  place. 

Washington,  a  county  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  and  the  moff  eafterly 
land  in  the  United  States.  It  is  bound- 
ed fouth  by  the  ocean,  well  by  Han- 
cock CO.  north  by  Ix)wer  Canada,  and 
caft  by  New-Brunfwick.  It  is  about  aoo 
miles  in  lenj;th,  but  its  breadth  is  as  yet 
undetermined.  It  was  eredcd  into  a 
county  in  1789  ;  but  has  few  towns  yet 
incorporated.  The  coaft  abounds  with 
excellent  harbours.  Although  the  win- 
ters are  long  and  fevere ;  yet  the  foil 
and  produ<5lions  arc  but  little  inferior  to 
the  other  counties.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants in  this  county,  according  to 
the  cenfus  of  1790,  was  2758  ;  but  the 
increafe  fince  mult  have  been  very  con- 
fjderable.    Chief  town,  Machias. 

Washington,  a  maritime  county 
of  tlie  State  of  Rhode-Ifland ;  bounded 
north  by  Kent,  fouth  by  the  N.  Atlantic 
Ocean;  weft  by  the  State  of  Connedli- 
cttt,  and  eafl  by  Narraganfet  Bay.  It  is 
divided  into  7  townfhips,  and  contains 
18,075  inhabitants,  including  339  flaves. 
Chief  town,  South-Kingflown. 

WashinotoNj  a  county  of  New- 
York;  bounded  north  by  Clinton  co. 
fouth  by  RcnlFelaer,  fouth-weft  by  Sa- 
ratoga, welt  by  Herkeraer,  and  eaft  by 
the  State  of  Vermont.  Until  1784  it 
was  called  Charlotte.  It  contained,  in 
1790, 14,04a  inhabitants,  incliiding  74a 
flaves.  In  1796,  there  were  3,370  of 
the  inhabitants  qualified  eleftors.  It  is 
fubdivided  into  la  townfhips,  of  which 
Salem  is  the  chief. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania  ;  fituated  in  the  fouA-welt  cor- 
ner of  the  State  ;  bounded  north  by  Al- 
leghany CO.  fouth  by  Monongalia  co. 
in  Vivpinia ;  eaft  by  Monongahela  riv- 
er, which  divides  ii  from  Fayette  co.  and 
weft  by  Ohio  co.  in  Virginia ;  agreea- 
bly diverlified  with  hills,  which  admit 
of  eafy  cultivation  quite  to  their  fum- 
mits.  It  is  divided  into  ar  townfliips, 
and  contains  23,866'  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 263  flaves.  Mines  of  copper 
and  iron  ore  have  been  found  in  tJiis 
county. 

Washington,  the  capital  of  the  a- 
bove  county,  and  a  poft-town,  is  (itua- 
t^d  on  a  branch  of  Charter's  Creek, 
which  falls  into  Ohio  river,  a  few  miles 
Wlow  Pittfburg.     It  cojuaius  it  brick 


oourt-houfe,  a  ftone  paol,  a  large  brielj  ] 
building  for  the  public  offices,  an  acade.  ' 
my  of  Ilone,  and  neatly  100  dwellingj  ' 
houfes.    Itis  aa  miles  fouth-fouih-weft 
of  Pittfburg;  ax  noith-weft  of  Brownf, 
ville,  60  miles  north  by  weft  of  Mor- 
gantown,  in  Virginia,  and  ja^  weft  by 
north  of  Philadelphia.    N.lat.  40  13, 
W.long.  80  6  40.     It  is  remarkable  for 
its  manufaftures,  for  fo  young  a  town. 
There  are  3  other  townfhips  of  the 
fame   name  in    Pennfylvania,   viz.  in 
Fayette,  Franklin,  ana  Wcftmorcland 
counties. 

Washington,  a  coiinty  of  Mary- 
land,  on  the  wcftcrn  Ihorc  of  Chefapeak 
Bay ;   bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
Pennfylvania  ;_  caft  by  Frederick  co. 
from    which    it   is  divided  by  South 
Mountain ;   fouth-weft  by  Patowmack 
river,  which  divides  it  from  the  State  of 
Virginia,  and    weft  by  Sidelin^-Hill- 
Crcek,  which  feparates  it  from  Allegha- 
ny CO.     This  is  called  the  garden  of 
Maryland,    lying   principally  between 
the  North  and  South  Mountains,  and 
includes  the  rich,  fertile,  and  well  culti- 
vated valley  of  Conegoi.heague.     Its 
itreams  furnifh  excellent  mill  feats,  and 
the  lands  are  thought  to  be  the  moft  fer- 
tile in  the  State.    Lime-ftone  and  iron- 
ore  are  found  here.  Fufnaces  and  forges 
have    been  efe6led,  and    confiderable 
quantities  of  pig  and  bar  iron  are  manu- 
faJhued.   Chief  town,  Elizabeth-Town. 
Washington,  a  co.  of  Virginia; 
bounded  E.  and  N.  E.  by  Wythe ;  north- 
weft  by  RuiTell ;  fouth  by  the  State  of 
North-Carolina,  and  weil  by  Lee.    It  is 
v/atered  by  the  ftreams  which  lortn 
Holllon,   Clinch  and  Powell's  rivers. 
There  is  a  natural  bridge  in  this  county 
fimilar  to  that  in  Rockbridge  county. 
It  is  on  Stock  Creek,  a  branch  of  Pcl'j- 
'  fon  river.    It  contains  56ZJ  inhabitant:, 
including  450  flaves.     Chief  town,  Ab- 
I  ingdon. 

Washington,  a  diftrift  of  the  Up- 
per Country  of  South-Carolina,  perhaps 
the  molt  hilly  and  mountainous  in  the 
State.  It  lies  weft  of  Ninety-Six  dif- 
trift,  of  which  it  was  formerly  a  part., 
and  is  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
North-Carolina.  It  contains  the  coun- 
ties of  Pendleton  and  Greenville;  has 
14,619   inhabitants,  and  lends  to  the 


State  Icgiflaturc  5  reprefcntativcs  and  % 
fenators.  Chief  town,  Pickenfviile.  A 
number  of  old  dcferted  Indian  toM'ns  of 
the  Chevokee  nation,  arc fic<iuent!y  mtt 

with 


WAS 

with  on  the  Keowce  river,  and  itj  tribu- 
taiy  ihoains  which  water  this  country. 
\\'.ii,niNGTON,  a  county  of  Ken- 
tucky, bounded  nortli-call  by  Mercer, 
iioith-wtft  by  Nelfon,  fouth-caft  by 
Lincoln,  and  well  by  llardin. 

Washington,  a  diftridl  of  the  State 
of  Tcnncflee,  fituated  on  the  waters  of 
tlie  rivers  lioiilon  and  Clinch,  and  is 
divided  from  Mero  dilhit^l:  on  the  well 
by  an  uninhabited  country.  It  is  diyid- 
td  into  the  counties  of  Wafliington,  Sul- 
livan, Greene,  and  Hawkins.  It  con- 
tained, according  to  the  State  ccnfus  pf 
2  795»  a9,.53;  inhabitants,  iocludin^ 
469J  flaves. 

VVashinqton,  a  county  of  Tennef- 
fce,  in  the  above  diilriiH^,  contained,  in 
1795,  io,ioj  inhabitants,  inclufive  of 
970  flaves.  Walhington  college  is 
ellabllnicd  in  t;}iis  ^ounty  by  t^^c  kgiHir 
turc, 

Washington,  a  county  of  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  eredcd  in  1788  within 
the  following  boundaries,  viz.  beginning 
on  die  bank  of  the  Ohio  where  the  weft- 
trn  line  of  Ppnnfylvania  croffes  it,  and 
running  with  that  line  to  Lake  Erie ; 
thence  along  the  fouthern  (l\ore  of  tliat 
lake  to  the  moiith  of  Cayahojxa  river, 
and  up  that  river  to  the  portage  Ijetween 
it  and  the  Tufcarawa  branch  of  Muilvin- 
gum  ;  thence  down  that  branch  to  the 
lotks  of  the  crolling-place  above  Fort 
Lawrejice  :  thence  with  a  line  to  be 
drawn  wefterly  to  the  j»ortage  on  that 
branch  of  the  Big  Miami,  on  which  the 
fort  flood  which  was  taken  fioin  the 
French  in  1754,  until  it  meets  the  road 
from  the  Lower  bhawanele  town  to  San- 
duiliy  ;  thence  fouth  to  the  Sciota  river 
to  the  mouth,  and  thence  up  the  Ohio 
to  the  place  of  beginning, 

Washcnoton,  a  county  of  the  Up- 
per Diftriit  of  Georgia,  which  contains 
4,554  inhabitants,  including  604  flaves. 
Fort  Fidus  is  (ituatcd  in  the  wcftcrnmofl 
part  of  the  county,  on  the  eail  branch 
of  Alatamaha  river.  The  county  is 
bounded  00  the  N.  E.  by  Ogcecliee  riv- 
er. Numbers  haVe  lately  moved  here 
from  Wilkes  co.  in  order  to  cultivate 
cotton  in  preference  to  tobacco.  This 
produce,  though  in  its  infancy,  amount- 
ted  to  208,000  lbs.  weight,  in  1792. 
Chief  town,  Golphinton. 

Washington,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
paont.  Orange  co-  la  miles  weft  of 
J^radford,  and  contains  72  inhabitants. 

WASHINGTCN,d  tOWnfllip  of  Mullil- 


WAS 

chufetts,  in  Bcrkdiire  co.  7  miles  fouth. 
call  4)f  Pittilicld,  8  call  oi  Lenox,  and 
145  well  of  BuUon.  it  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1777,  and  contains  383  inhabit- 
ants. 

VV'asimncton,  or  Mount  rcrno/i,  a 
plantation  of  Lincoln  co.  Difliidt  of 
Maine,  north-wctl  of  llallowdl,  and  9 
miles  from  Steibng.  It  conlifts  01 
16,055  aciesgf  land  and  v/atei,of  which 
the  latter  occupies  1641  acres.  It  con- 
tains  618  inhabitants,  and  was  incorpo- 
rated by  the  pame  oi  Bsl^ruJn  in  1 796  i 
vhich  lee. 

Washington,  a  townfliipof  New-- 
York,  in  Dut<:hels  co.  bounded  louth- 
erly  by  the  town  of  Beekman,  and  weft- 
erly by  Poughkccplie  and  Clinton,  li 
contains  5189  inhabitants,  of  whom  2S6 
aie  elciftors,  and  78  flavt;;., 
.  Washington,  a  townihip  of  Ne\\> 
Hampfhitc,  in  Chefhire  co.  iirft  called 
Camden.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 776, 
and  contains  545  inhabitants  ;  it  is  13 
Stx  14  miles  call  of  Charleftown. 

Washingi  on,  a  townihip  of  Con- 
nedlicvjt,  io  Litchfield  co.  about  7  milts 
iputh-uell  of  Litchfield. 

Washing  VON,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  of  N.  Carohua,  fituated  in 
Beaufort  co.  on  the  north  fide  of  Tar 
river,  in  lat.  35  30  N.  90  miles  from 
Ocrecok  Inlet,  40  from  the  mouth  of 
Tar  river,  61  fouth-fouth-weft  of  iiden- 
ton,  38  north  by  cift  of  Newtern,  131 
north-eaft  by  nortli  of  Wilmington,  and 
460  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
court-houfc,  gaol,  and  about  80  houfes. 
From  this  town  is  exported  tobacco  of 
the  Petcriburg  quality,  pork,  beef.  In-, 
dian  corn,  peas,  beans,  pitch,  tar,  tur- 
pentine, rolin,  &c.  alfq  pine  boards,  fhin- 
gles,  and  oak  flaves.  About  130  vcf- 
f'els  enter  annually  at  the  cuftom-houfa 
in  this  town,  Tne  exports  for  a  year, 
ending  die  30th  of  September,  1794« 
amounted  to  33,684  dollars. 

W/^shinqton,  a  poft-town  of  Ken- 
tucky,  and  the  capitid  of  Mafon  county, 
about  3  miles  foutli  by  well  of  the  land- 
ing at  Liincftone,  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
Ohio  river.  It  contains  about  100  hou- 
fes, a  Prefbyterian  church,  a  handfome 
court-lioufe  and  gaol  ;  and  is  faft  in- 
cieafing  in'  importance.  It  is  6a  miles 
north-eaft  of  Lexington,  75  north-eaft 
by  call  of  Frankfort,  and  709  foiith-weft 
by  weft  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  38  40« 
W,  long.  84  .^o. 
Wasiiin  G  J  ON  Qjurt-lloufc,  in  S.Ca^ 

Kjliovi 


\V  A§ 

folina,  is  to  miles  from  Crccnvillr,  and 
16  from  Pendleton. 

W  A  9  H I N  o  T  0  If ,  a  poft-town  of  Geor- 
gia, and  the  capital  of  Wilkes  co.  jo 
miles  north-well  by  weft  (  f  Augiiltii,  58 
north  by  weft  of  Loiiifville,  18  from 
Greenftiorough,  and  813  from  Philadcl- 
i)hi;).  It  ftands  on  the  weftern  fide  of 
kettle  Creek,  a  north  branch  of  Little 
river,  which  empties  into  Savannah  riv- 
er from  the  caftward,  about  .-?6  inilesE. 
of  the  town.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contained,  in  1788,  .",4  hoiifes,  a 
court-hoiii'e,  gaol,  and  academy.  The 
funds  of  the  academy  amount  to  about 
S?ooI.  fterl.  and  the  number  of  ftudcnts 
to  between  60  and  70.  On  the  eaft  fide 
of"  the  town,  a  mile  and  a  half  diftant,  is 
n  medicinal  fpring,  which  riles  from  a 
hollow  tree  4  or  5  feet  in  length.  The 
irrljde  of  the  tree  is  covered  with  a  coat 
of  matter  an  inch  thick,  and  the  leaves 
around  the  fpring  are  incruITed  with  a 
flihltancc  as  white  as  fnow.  It  is  laid  to 
be  a  fovercign  remetly  for  the  fcui-vy, 
fcrophulous    diforders,    confumptions, 

f;out,  and  every  other  diforder  arifing 
rom  humoui'^  in  the  blood.  This 
fpring  being  (ituatei  in  a  fine,  healthy 
part  of  the  State,  will  do  doubt  be  a 
nieafant  and  falutary  place  of  refort 
for  invalids  from  the  maritime  and  un- 
healthy parts  of  Georgia,  and  the 
neighbouring  States.     N.lat.  33  11. 

Washington  Cif\',  in  the  territory 
of  Columbia,  was  ceded  by  the  State  of 
Virginia  and  Maryland  to  the  United 
States,  and  by  them  eftablifhed  as  the 
feat  of  their  government,  after  the  year 
1800.  This  city,  which  is  now  build- 
ing, ftands  at  the  juniflion  of  the  river 
Patowmack,and  the  Eaftern  Branch,  lat- 
itude tS  S3  N.  extending  nearly  4  miles 
lip  each,  and  including  a  traft  of  terri- 
tory, exceeded  in  point  of  convenience, 
faliibrity  and  beauty,  by  none  in  Amer- 
ica. For  although  the  land  in  general 
appears  level,  yet  by  gentle  and  grattual 
fwelltngs,  a  variety  of  elegant  profpefts 
are  produced,  and  a  furacient  defcent 
foTOiwl  for  conveying  ofFthe  water  oc- 
calioned  by  rain.  Within  the  limits  of 
tlie  city  are  a  great  number  of  excellent 
fprings ;  and  b^  digging  well".,  water 
of  the  beft  quality  may  readily  be  had. 
Befides,  the  never-failing  ftreams  that 
now  run  through  that  territory,  may 
alfo  be  colletfled  for  the  ufe  of  the  city. 
The  waters  of  Reedy  Branch,  and  of 
Tiber  Creek^  may  be  conveyed  to  the 


tv  A  J 

Prefldcni's  houfe.   The  fource  of  TibcJ* 
Creek  is  elevated  alwut  2-;6  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  tide  in  iW\i{  Creek.    Tho 
perpendicular   height  of  the    ground 
on  which  the  capitol  ftands  is  78  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  tide  in  Tiber 
Creek.      The    water  of  Tiber  Creek 
may  therefore  be  conveyed  to  the  cap- 
itol, and  after  watering  that  part  nf  tlic 
city,  may  be  deftincd  to  othi.-r  ufdul 
purpofes.    The  Eaftcrn  Branch  is  one 
of  the  fafcft  and  inoft  commodious  har- 
bours in  America,  being  lulficiently  deep 
tor  the  laigcft  Ihip-?,  for  about  4  miles 
above  its  mouth,  while  the  channel  lies 
dole  along  the  bank  adjoining  the  city^ 
and  affords  a  large  and  convenient  bar- 
hour.    The  Patowmack,  although  only 
navigable  for  fmall  crate,  for  a  confid- 
erabic  diftance  from  its  banks  next  the 
city,  (excepting  about  half  a  mile  above 
the  junction  of  the  rivers)  will  neverthe-* 
lefs  afford  a  capacious  fummcr  harbour  j 
as  an  immenfe  number  of  fliips  may 
ride  in  the  great  channel,  oppofite  to, 
and  below  the  city.     The  lituatlon  of 
this  metropolis  is  upon  the  great  poll- 
road,  equi-diftant  from  the  northern 
and  Ibuthcrn  extremities  of  the  Union, 
and  nearly  fo  from  the  Atlantic  and 
Pittfburg,  upon  the  bcft  navigation,  and 
in  the  midft  of  a  commercial  territory^ 
probably  the  richcft,  and  commandinjij 
the  molt  extenfive  internal  relburce  of 
any  in  America.    It  has  therefore  many< 
advantages  to  recommend  it,- as  an  eligi- 
ble place  for  the  permanent  feat  of  theS 
general  government ;  and  as  it  is  likely  ' 
to  be  fpeedily  built.  n"d  otherwife  im- 
proved, by  the  public  fpiritcd  enterpiife 
of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and 
even  by  foreigners,  it  may  be  expedtcd- 
to  gro\v  up  with  a  degree  of  rapidity" 
hitherto  unparalleled  in  the  annals  of 
cities.    The  plan  of  this  city  appear* 
to  contain  fome   important  improve- 
ments upon  that  of  the  beft  planned- 
cities  in  the  world,  combining,-  in  a  re- 
markable degree,  convenience,  regular-- 
ity,  elegante  of  profpedl,  and  a  free 
circulation  of  air.      The  pofitions  of 
the  different  public  edifices,  and  for  the.' 
fevcral  fc|uares  and  are:<s  of  different 
fhapes  as  they  are  laid  down,  wer?  firlt'  •. 
determined  on  the  ;noft  advantageous-  * 
ground,  commanding  the  irioft  exten-  •*^ 
five  profpe^ls,  and  from  their  fituation^, 
fufceptible  of  fuch   improvements  aa ;) 
either   ufe  or  ornament  may  hereaf-*'^ 
tcr  requirs.     The  capitol  ii  .HtRated 


i,:.t: 


•..*  \ 


vv|A  a 


WAT 


th  a  mofl  beautiful  eminence,  coni- 
mandvng  a  complete  view  oF  every  part 
of  the  city,  and  of  a  conlidcrable  part  of 
the  country  around.  The  Preddent's 
houfe  (lands  on  H  riling  ground, 
poHeiling  a  delightful  water  prolpe<Jt, 
together  with  a  commanding  view  of 
the  Capitol,  and  the  nioft  material  parts 
of  the  city.  I-incs,  or  nvenues  of  cliroijt 
commuoication,  ha^e  been  devifed  to 
conned  the  moll  dillant  .nd  important 
objeifls.  Thcfe  tranfvcrfe  avenues,  or 
diagonal  llrtets,  are  laid  out  on  the 
nioft  advantageous  ground  for  profpcift 
and  convenience,  and  are  calculated 
not  only  to  produce  a  variety  of  charm- 
ing profpc(5is,  but  greatly  to  facilitate 
the  communication  tnroughout  the  city. 
North  and  fouih  lines,  interfedkd  by 
Others  running  due  call  and  well,  make 
the  ditlribution  of  the  city  into  ftreets, 
Iquarcs,  &c.  and  thofe  lines  have  been 
fo  combined,  as  to  meet  at  certain  given 
points,  with  the  divergent  avenues,  fo 
as  to  form,  on  the  fpaces/r/?  dttenninedt 
the  different  fcjuateS  or  areas.  The 
crand  avenues,  and  fuch  ftreets  as  lead 
Inimediately  to  public  places,  are  from 
130  to  160  feet  wide,  and  may  be  con- 
teniently  divided  into  foot-ways,  a  walk 
planted  with  tfees  on  each  (iae,  and  A 
paved  way  for  carriages.  The  other 
ftreets  are  from  90  to  iio  feet  wide. 
In  order  to  execute  this  plain,  Mr.  Elli- 
cott  drew  a  true  meridional  line  by  ce- 
leflial  obfervation,  which  pafies  through 
(he  area  intended  for  the  capitol.  This 
line  he  eroded  by  another,  running  due 
eaft  and  weft,  which  pafTes  through  the 
fame  area.  Thefe  lines  were  accurately 
meafured  and  i^iade  the  bafes  on  which 
the  whole  plar\  vas  executed.  He  ran 
all  the  lines  by  'i  tranfit  inftrument,  and 
determined  tne  acute  angles  by  aftual 
meafuremcnt,  leaving  nothing  to  the 
iincertainty  of  the  compafs.  Walhing- 
ton,  or  the  Federal  City,  is  feparated 
from  Georgetown,  in  Montgomery  co. 
Maryland,  on  the  W.  by  Rock  Creek, 
but  that  town  is  now  within  the  terri- 
tory of  Columbia.  It  is  4*  miles  S.  W. 
by  d.  of  Baltimore,  Zjft  trom  Paffama- 
quoddy,  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  500 
from  Bofton,  24?  from  New- York,  144 
from  PlTiladelphia,  133  from  Richmond, 
it\  Virginia,  132  from  Halifax,  in  N. 
Carolina,  63c  from  Charlelton,  S.  Caroli- 
na, and  794  from  Savannah,  in  Georgia. 
W  A  s  M  J  N  G  r  o  N  Ce/wc,  in  Maryland. 


..  I  »_:-*-.■  *  . 


■«9»'' 


Wasiiimoton,  Vort,  in  the  Territo- 
ry N.  W.  of  the  Ohio,  is  fituuted  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  river  Ohio,  wcftward 
of  Little  Miami  rivcr,and  4;  miles  nortli 
weft  of  Walhington,  in  Kentucky.  Sec 
Cithinnati. 

W  A  s  H I N  o  T  o  N ,  Mitinf,  a  fmall  towii- 
fhip  of  MafTachufottsr,  Berklhire  co.  in 
the  fouth-well  corner  of  the  State,  ijo 
miles  fouth-weft  by  fuuth  of  Boflon.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1779,  and  contain.^ 
261  inhabitants. 

Washington,  Mounts  one  of  the 
White  Mountains  of  New-IIampfliire, 
which  makes  fi)  majeftic  an  appcaranco 
all  along  the  (hore  of  the  eaftern  coun- 
ties of  MafTachufetts.  See  IVhite  Moun- 
titbit. 

VVASHrNGTON*s  Ijlamis^  on  the 
north-weft  coaft  of  North-America, 
The  largeft  is  of  a  triangular  fhape,  the 
point  ending  on  the  foutriward  at  Cape 
Sf.  James's,  in  N.  lat.  51  58.  Sandy 
Point,  at  its  north-eaft  extremity,  is  in 
lat.  544J  N.  Its  longitude  well  ex- 
tends from  Hope  Point,  the  nor?i»-weft 
extremity  ii6'>  37'  to  Sandy  Point,  in 
asS"  45'.  Port  Ingraham,  Perkins  and 
Magee  Sound  lie  on  the  weftcrn  (ide  of 
the  ifland  ;  oni  the  eaftern  (ide  are  the 
following  ports  from  north  to  fouth — 
Skeetkifs,  or  Skitkifs  Harbour,  Port 
Cummaihawa,'  Kleiws  Point,  Smoke 
Port,  Kanfkeeno  Point,  Port  Geyers, 
Port  Ueah,  and  Fort  Sturgis.  Capt. 
Cook,  when  he  pafTed  this  ifland,  fup- 
pofed  it  to  be  a  part  of  the  continent, 
as  the  weather  at  the  time  was  thick, 
and  the  wind  boifterous,  which  obliged 
him  to  keep  out  at  fea,  till  he  made  the 
weftern  cape  of  the  continent  in  about 
lat.  5^  N.  Capt.  Dixon  difcovered 
thefe  I'flands  in  1787,  and  named  them 
Qgeen  Charlotte's  Iflands.  Capt.  Gray 
difcovered  them  in  17S9,  and  callecf 
them  Wafhington's  Iflands.  There  are 
three  principal  iflands,  befides  many 
fmall  ones.  It  is  con]e6tured  that  they 
make  a  part  of  the  Archipelago  of  St. 
Lazarus. 

WaskiJmashiv,  an  ifland  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  on  the  coaft  of 
Labrador.  ,  N.  lat.  50  3,  W.  long.  59  55. 

W  A  s  s  A  w  yiand.     See  IVjrfuiv. 

Vf  sr ^c^v hni  IJkii  on  the  coaft  of 
Labrador,  and  In  the  tiu'f  of  St.  Law-^ 
rence,  lies  near  the  fliore,  north-eaft  of 
Ouapitougan  Ifle,  and  foutli-weft  of  Lit- 
tle Mecatjna,.  ^09.4?:.^  19  qr  j,» .  l^agufs 


from  each; 


ic  TerrJto* 
tteJ  on  the 
,  wcftwari 
lilesnortli 
ucky.    Sc: 

matl  towo- 
liiro  CO.  in 

State,  ijo 
Boflon.  It 
id  cuntuia^ 

one  of  the 
liimpfliire, 
appeiirancoi 
fteiii  coun- 
r/;/Vc  MouH- 

on    the 

h-Amcrica, 

r  fhape,  the 

ird  at  Cape 

5  3.     Sandy 

einity,  is  in 

:  well  ex- 

nor?l)-weft 

y  Point,  in 

Perkins  and 

ftcrn  lide  of 

fide  are  the 

I  to  fouth — 

rbour.  Port 

int,    Smoku 

ort  Geyers, 

rgis.     Capt. 

i  ifland,  fup- 

:  continent, 

;  was  thick, 

liich  obliged 

lie  made  the 

;nt  in  about 

difcovered 

lanicd  them 

Capt.  Gray 

and  called 

There  arc 

ifides  many 

:d  that  they 

elago  of  St. 

and  in  the 
the  coaft  of 
long.  J  9  55. 

"j.'Jll'lU. 

the  coaft  of 
of  St.  Law- 
lorth-call  of 
-weft  of  Lit- 
is leagues 


WAT 

Watai'Oa,  a  rivfr  of  Tenneflce, 
^hkh  rifcs  in  Burke  co.  North-Carolina, 
and  fails  into  HoUton  river,  15  miles 
above  Long-Idaud. 

Watch  Pcht,  lies  to  the  northward 
of  Fifhcr's  Ifland,  in  Long-Ifland  Sound, 
and  weft-fouth-weft  7  leagues  from 
Block  Illand. 

Watehoo,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean  ;  a  beautiful  fpot,  about 
6  miles  lung  and  4  broad.  N.  lat.  ao  i, 
W.  long.  158  15. 

WATEIlBOROUOH,atOWnfllipofthc 

Diftrift  of  Maine,  York  co.  on  Moufom 
river,  15  miles  N.  W.  of  Wells,  and  no 
from  Bolton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1787,  and  contains  905  inhabitants. 

Waterbuky,  a  townmip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Chittenden  co.  feparated  from 
Duxbury  on  the  fouth-weft  by  Onion 
river.    It  contains  9,^  inhabitants. 

Waterbury,  the  north-wtfternmoft 
townlhip  of  New-Haven  co.  Connefti- 
cut,  called  by  the  Indians  Matteluck. 
It  was  fettled  in  1671,  and  is  divided 
into  the  pariflies  of  jjorthbury,  Salera, 
and  South-Britain. 

Wateree,  a  branch  of  Santee river, 
South-Carolina. 

Water  FORI),  a  plantation  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  Diftridt  of  Maine,  fouth-eaft 
of  Orangeton,  or  Greenland. 

Wathrfoki),  a  new  townlhip  in 
York  CO.  Diftrift  of  ^^^•;i  le,  incorpora- 
ted February,  1797,  formerly  a  part  of 
Waterborough. 

WATERFOKD,afown(hipofNew-Jer- 
fey,  in  Gloucefter  county. 

WATERroRD,a  neat  village  of  New- 
York,  in  the  townlhip  of  Half  Moon  ; 
which  fee. 

Watbrland,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  fo  named  by  Le  Maire. 
S.  lat.  14  46,  weft  long.  144  10. 

Waterquechie,  or  J^ff/;)',  a fmall 
river  of  Vermont,  which  empties  into 
Connedticut  river  in  Ilartland. 

Watertown,  a  very  pleafant  town 
in  Middiefex  co.  Mafiiichufetts,  7  miles 
weft  by  north-weft  of  Bofton.  Charles 
river  is  navigable  for  Iwats  to  this  town, 
7  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Bofton  har- 
bour. The  townfliip  contains  109T  in- 
habitants, and  was  incorporated  in  1630. 
That  celebrated  apoftlc  of  the  Indians, 
tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Eliot,  relates  that  in  the 


•year  1670,  a  ftrange  phenomenon  ap- 
peared in  a  great  pond  at  "Watertown, 
where  the  fim  all  died  ;  and  as  many  as 
could,  thiuft  thenifelves  on  ihore,  and  1  iituated  in  Mi$in  county. 


WAY 

there  died.  It  was  eftimated  that  not 
kfs  than  JO  cart-loads  lay  dead  at  once 
round  the  pond.  An  ccl  was  foui.d  a- 
live  in  the  fandy  border  of  the  pond, 
and  upon  bcinjj  caft  again  into  its  natur- 
al clement,  it  wriggled  out  again,  as  faft 
iis  it  could,  and  died  on  the  Ihorc.  The 
cattle,  accuftomcdto  the  water,  kIuIcJ 
to  diiiik  it  for  3  days,  alter  wliich  tliey 
drank  as  ufual.  When  the  fifli  bcjian  to 
come  afljoro,  before  they  died,  many, 
were  taken  both  by  Englilh  and  Indian* 
and  eaten  without  any  injury. 

Watertown,  a  townfliip  in  Litch- 
field CO.  Connefticut.  It  is  about  a6 
miles  N.  N.  W.  of  New-Haven. 

Water  Vlibt,  an  cxi'inlive  town- 
fliip  of  New- York,  Albany  county,  on 
the  weft  lide  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  in- 
cludes the  village  of  Hamilton,  and  the 
iflands  in  the  river  neaicft  the  weft 
fide.  It  is  bounded  weft  by  tlie  manor 
ol  Renflelaerwyck,  and  contained,  in 
1790,  7,419  inhabitantn,  including  707 
flaves.  In  1796,  there  were  600  of  the 
inhabitants  qualified  eleftors. 

Wat  I,  AND  tjland,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma Iflands  in  the  Weft-Indies.  The  S. 
point  is  in  lat.  24  N.  and  long.  74  weft. 
Watson,  Fort,  in  S.  Carolina,  was 
fituated  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  Santee  riv- 
er, about  half  way  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Congaree  and  Nelfon's  Fort,  on 
the  bend  of  the  river  oppoiite  the  Eutaw 
Springs.  Its  garrifon  of  114  men  being 
befieged  by  Gen.  Greene,  funendered 
in  April,  1 781.  He  then  marched  with 
his  main  force  againft  Camden  higher  up 
the  river. 

WAtJKEAGuE,a  villapc  in  the  town- 
fliip  of  Sullivan,  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine, 
9  miles  from  Defert  Illand. 

Wawasink,  avillage  in  New-York, 
on  Uondout  Kill,  a  branch  of  Wallkill, 
7  miles  weft  of  New  Paltz,  and  i  a  fouth- 
weft  of  Efopus. 

Wawiachtanos,  and  Tividfnveef, 
two  Indian  tribes,  refiding  chiefly  be- 
tween Sclota  anJ  W^ab^ifli  rivers. 

Wayne,  a  new  county  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  laid  out  in  the  fall  of  1796, 
including  the  fettlements  of  Detroit 
and  Michillimakkinak. 

Waynf,  a  county  of  Newbern  dif- 
trl(5l,  N.  Carolina ;  b:ur.ded  N.  by  Edg- 
combe,  and  S.  by  G!a;>f'.iw.  It  contain* 
6,133  inhabitants,  inckfive  of  1,557 
flaves. 
Watne,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 


■i'*' 

n 

r. 


Wayks, 


rl     T 


I 


m 


'  i 


W  E  A 

Wayne,  Fort,  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory, is  (ituated  at  the  iiead  of  the  Mia- 
mi of  the  Lake,  ncai  die  Old  Miami 
Villages,  at  tht  confluence  of  St  Jofeph's 
and  St.  Mary's  rivers.  It  is  a  fquare 
fort  wit^  buitions  at  each  angle,  with  a 
ditch  and  parapet,  and  could  contain  500 
men,  but  has  only  300  with  16  pieces  of 
cannon.  It  is  150  miles  north  by  weft 
of  Cincinnati,  and  200  weft  by  Ibuth  of 
Fort  Defiance.  Tlie  Indians  ceded  to 
the  United  States  a  tra.51  of  land  6  miles 
fquare,  where  tiiis  fort  ftands,  at  the 
Jate  treaty  of  peace  at  Greenville. 

Wavnesborough,  a  poft-town  of 
N. Carolina,  14  miles  fioia Kinjgfton,  50 
S.  £. from  Raleigh,  and  498  fioni  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

V/ayn£sborough,  a  poft-town  in 
Burk  CO.  Georgia,  30  miles  foiith  of 
Augufta,  25  north-eaft  of  Louifville. 
No  river  of  confequence  partes  near  this 
town  ;  yet  being  the  place  v/here  both 
the  fiiperior  and  inferior  courts  are  held, 
it  is  in  a  profperoub  condition. 

Weare,  a  townlhip  0'"  New-Hamp- 
Ihire,  fituated  in  Hillfb  /rough  co.  18 
miles  fouth-wefterly  v  1  Concord,  60 
weft  of  Portfmouth,  and  70  r.orth-weft 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 764, 
and  contains  19^4  inlnibitants. 

WEATHERbFir-LD,  a  townfliip  of 
Vermont,  Wind  for  co.  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Connecticut  river,  between  Windfor 
on  the  north,  and  Sprii.jfield  on  the 
fouth.  Afcutney  Mountain  ile^  partly 
in  this  townfliip.  and  in  thut  of  Wind- 
for. It  li  a  flourilliing  town,  and  con- 
tains 1097  inhabitants. 

WeATHERSFIEI.D,    a    poft-tOWH    of 

Conneflicut,  pleafantly  fituated  in  Hart- 
ford co»  on  the  weft  lide  of  Connecticut 
rivcr»4  miles  S.  of  Hartford,  11  N.  of 
Middleton,  36  N.  by  E.  of  New-H^ven, 
and  218  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia.  Tliis 
town  vjras  fettled  in  1635  or  1636,  by 
eniigraai'i  from  Dorchcfter  in  MafTichu- 
fetts  =ind  has  a  fertile  and  luxuriant  foil. 
It  coniift?  of  between  200  and  300  hou- 
fes,  and  has  a  very  elegant  brick  meet- 
ing-houfe  for  Congrcgaiionaiifts.  The 
inhabit-rints  are  generally  wealthy  farm- 
ers ;  and  bofides  the  common  produc- 
tions of  tlw  Cviajtry,  raifi:  great  quanti- 
ties of  onions,  which  are  exported  to 
different  p..rt<;  of  the  United  States,  and 
to  tlie  Well-Indies. 

Weauctewkac  T(nvnst  Indi.in  vil- 
lages on  Wabafh  river,  defti(/yed  by 
Generals  Scott  and  WilKinfoa  in  1791. 


W  E  t 

Weaus,  or  ffeeaj,  an  Indian  tribe 
whofe  towns  he  on  the  head  waters  oi 
Wabafh  river.  At  the  treaty  of  Green- 
ville they  ceded  a  traft  of  land,  6  mile? 
fquare,  to  the  United  States. 

Weavkr's  Lcrh'y  in  the  State  of 
New- York,  is  3  miles  north-weft  of  lake 
Otfcgo.   It  is  a  miles  long  and  i\  broad. 

W  E B  H  A M  ET  Rivcr,  in  the  Diftridt  of 
Maine,  is  the  principal  entrance  by  wa'- 
ter  to  the  town  of  Wells,  in  Ycik  co.  It 
has  a  barred  harbour. 

WECHQUETANK,a  Moravian  fettle- 
ment  made  by  the  United  Brethren,  in 
Pernfylvania,  behind  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains. In  1760,  the  Bethlehem  congre- 
gation purchafcd  1400  acres  of  land  for 
tlieChriftian  Indians.  In  1763,  it  was 
detlroyed  by  white  favages,  v/ho  inhab- 
ited near  Lancafter  j  they  likewife  mur- 
dered many  of  the  peaceable  Indians 
iettled  here.  It  was  finally  deftroycd 
by  the  Americans  during  the  late  wp.p. 
It  lies  about  30  miles  north-weft  by  weft 
of  Bedilehem. 

WEistNBERG,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
fy'vania,  in  Northampton  county. 

Welch  Mounfaim,  are  fituated  in 
Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania.  Befides  other 
ftreams,  Brandywine  Creek  rifes  here. 

Welch  Tra6l,  a  fmall  territory  of 
Pennfylvania,  fo  named  becaufe  firit  fet- 
tled by  Welchmen.  There  are  a  num- 
ber or  fmall  towns  in  it,  as  Haverford- 
Weft,  Merioneth,  &c.  It  is  pretty  thick- 
ly inhabited  by  an  induftrious,  hardy 
and  thriving  people. 

Welcome,  Sir  Thomas  Roes,  or  A''* 
Ultra,  a  bay  or  ftrait  in  tliat  part  of 
Hudfon's  Bay  which  runs  up  to  the  N. 
round  from  Cape  Southampton,  opea- 
ing  between  lat.  6*  and  63  N.  On  the 
welt  or  nordi  fhore  is  a  fair  head  land, 
called  the  Hope  by  Captain  Middlcton, 
in  lat.  66  30  N. 

WtLLFLEhT,  1  townfhip  of  MaiTa- 
chufetts,  in  Barnftable  co.  fituated  on 
the  peninf^la  called  Cape  Cod  ;  S.  E. 
from  Bofton,  diftant  by  Knid  105  niles, 
by  water  60,  and  ^rom  Plymouth  light- 
houfe  8  leagues.  The  harbour  is  large, 
indented  within  with  creeks,  where  vef- 
icls  of  70  or  80  tons  may  lie  fafe  in  what 
is  called  the  Deep  Hole.  The  land  is 
barren,  and  its  timber  is  fmall  pitch- 
pine  and  jiik.  Before  it  wa?  incorpo- 
rated in  1763,  it  was  called  the  Nortk 
Precini}  of  Eajlham,  and  was  originally 
included  in  the  Indian  Skeekeel  and  Pa- 
mets    In  X790,  it  contained  1117  inhab- 

ifatnts* 


WEt 

itants.  ^  .ice  the  memory  of  people 
BOW  living,  there  have  been  in  this  fmail 
town  30  pair  of"  twins,  beddss  two  births 
that  produced  three  each.  The  method 
of  killing  gulls  in  the  gull-houli.,  is  no 
doubt  an  Indian  invention,  and  alio  that 
of  killing  birds  ai:d  fowl  upon  the  beach 
in  dark  nights.  The  gull-houie  is  built 
with  crotches  fixei  in  the  ground  on 
the  beach,  and  covered  with  poles,  the 
lides  being  cover  .-d  with  stakes  and  fea 
weed,  and  the  poles  on  tne  top  covered 
with  lean  whale.  The  man  being  pla- 
ced within,  is  not  difcovered  by  the 
fowls,  and  while  they  are  contending 
for  and  eating  the  filh,  he  draws  them 
in  one  by  one  between  the  poles,  until 
he  has  collected  40  or  50.  This  num- 
ber has  often  been  taken  in  a  morning. 
The  method  of  killing  fmall  birds  and 
fowl  that  penh  on  the  beach,  is  by 
making  a  light ;  the  prefent  mode  is 
■with  hogs'  krd  in  a  frying-p.m  ;  but 
the  Indians  are  fuppofed  to  have  ufed 
a  pine  torch.  Birds,  in  a  dark  night, 
■will  flock  to  the  light,  and  may  be  kill- 
ed with  a  walking-cane.  It  muft  be 
curious  to  a  countryman  who  lives  at  a 
diftance  from  the  fta,  +0  be  actjuainted 
■with  the  method  of  killing  black-fifli. 
Their  (ize  is  from  4  to  5  tons  weight, 
when  full  grown.  VVhf.n  they  come 
within  the  harbours,  boats  furrourid 
them,  and  they  are  as  eafily  driven  on 
fliore,  as  cattle  or  fhcep  are  driven  on 
the  land.  Tlie  tide  leaves  them,  and 
they  are  eafily  killed.  They  are  a  filh 
of  the  whale  kinJ,  and  will  average  a 
barrel  of  oil  each  :  400  have  been  feen 
at  one  time  on  the  Ihore.  Of  late  years 
thefe  filh  rarely  come  into  the  harbours. 

Wells,  a  fmall,  but  rapid  river  of 
Vermont,  which,  after  a  fliort  S.  E. 
courfe,  empties  into  Conneifticut  river, 
below  the  Narrows,  and  in  the  N.  E. 
corner  of  Newbury.  Its  mouth  is  40 
■yards  wide. 

Wells,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Rutland  co  between  Pawlet  and  PoiJt- 
ney,  and  contains  f>ii  inhabitants. 
Lake  St.  Anftin  lies  in  this  townlhip, 
and  is  3  miles  long,  and  i  broad. 

Wells,  a  poll-town  of  the  Diftri(5t 
of  Maine,  in  York  co.  fituated  on  the 
bay  of  its  name,  alrout  half  way  between 
Diddefotu  and  York,  and  8S  mik-s  N. 
by  E.  of  Bodon,  and  441  from  Phila- 
delphia. This  townlhip  is  about  lo 
miles  long,  and  7  broad  ;  was '  icorjio- 
jaccd  in  1653,  and  centains  3,070  in- 


W  E  S 

habitants.  It  is  bounded  S.  E.  by  t^rt 
part  of  the^fea  called  Wells  Bay,  and 
N.  E.  by  Kennebunk  river,  which  fcp- 
arates  it  from  Arundel.  The  fmall  riv- 
er Negunket,  perhaps  formerly  Ogunti- 
quit,  h-as  no  navigation,  nor  mills  of 
any  value,  but  noticed,  about  150  years 
ago,  as  the  boundary  between  York 
and  Wells.  The  tide  through  Pifcata- 
qua  bay  urges  itftlf  into  the  marflies  at 
We'ls,  a  tew  miles  E.  of  Negunket, 
and  forms  a  harbour  for  fm;ill  vcfitjls. 
Further  E.  in  this  tov/nlhip  the  fmall 
river  Moufom  is  found  coming  from 
ponds  of  that  name  about  7.0  miles  from 
the  fea.  Several  mills  are  upon  the 
river,  and  the  inhabitants  nre  opening  a 
harbour  by  means  of  a  can....  /ebha- 
met  river  is  the  principal  erjance  to 
this  town  by  water. 

Wells  Bay,  in  the  townfliip  above 
mentioned,  lies  between  Capes  Porpoife 
and  Neddock.  The  courfe  from  the 
latter  to  Wells  Bar,  is  N.  by  E.  4  leagues. 

Well's  Falls,  ut  Bc'aware  rivei,  lie 
13  rniles  N.  W.  of  Trenton,  ia  Ncw- 
Jerfey, 

Wendell,  a  towndup  of  MaiTachu- 
fetts,  in  Hampfliire  co.  80  miles  N.  W. 
of  Boilon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 7?!, 
and  contains  519  inhabitants. 

Wendkll,  a  townlhip  of  New- 
Hampfhirc,  Ch'.;ihire  co.  about  15  miles 
N.  E.  of  Charleftown,  containing  267 
inhabitints.  It  was  Cidled  Saville,  be- 
fore its  incorporation  in  1781. 

Wen  HAM,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  Effex  co.  between  Ipfwicli  and 
26  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Bof- 


l'^ 


> 


Beverly ; 

ton-  It  was  incorporated  in  1643,  and 
contains  50a  inhabitants.  Here  is  a 
I'ti-ge  pond,  well  ftored  with  filh,  from 
yhich,  and  its  vicinity  lO  Salem,  it  was., 
with  whimfical  piety,  called  E/ion,  by 
the  firft  fettlers. 

Wknman,  one  of  tlic  Gallipago 
Ifiands,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  fituated 
W.  of  Cape  Francifco. 

Wentwokth,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Hamplhire,  •Grafton  co.  containing  241 
inhabitants.  I*-  was  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  is  S.  E.  of  Oxford,  adjoining. 

Wesel,  a  village  of  New-JerfeVj 
Effex  CO.  on  Paf^iic "river,  z  miles  north- 
weft  ward  0*^' Acquakenunk,  and  5  well- 
ward  of  Ilakkenfack. 

West,  or  WarJ ajilquck,  a  river  of 
Vermont,  has  its  main  lource  in  Brom- 
ley, about  3  miles  3.  E.  from  the  head 
of  Otter-Cieek.    After  vjcciyiig  7  "r  8 

Ihialli^r 


\.'\ 


I     - 


•i#^ 


I     i 


M 


i » 


WES 

fmaller  ftreams,  and  runnkig  about  37 
tniles,  it  falls  into  Conne6ticut.river  at 
Brattlcborough.  It  is  the  largeft  of  the 
ftreams  on  the  call  fide  of  the  Green 
Mountains ;  and  at  its  mouth  is  about 
15  rods  wide,  and  10  or  la  feet  deep. 
A  number  of  figures,  or  infcriptions,  are 
yet  to  be  feen  upon  the  rocks  at  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  feeming  to  allude 
to  the  affairs  of  war  among  the  Indians; 
but  their  rudenefs  and  awkwardnefs  de- 
note that  tlie  formers  of  them  were  at 
a  great  remove  from  the  knowledge  of 
any  alphabeL 

West  River  Mountain,  in  New- 
Hampfhire,  in  the  townlhip  of  Chefter- 
field,  liesopjpofite  to  the  mouth  of  Weft 
river ;  and  from  this  part  of  Connedti- 
cut  river  to  Pifcataqua  Harbour  on  the 
eaft  is  90  miles,  the  broadeft  part  of  the 
State.  Here  are  vifible  appearances  of 
volcanic  eruptions.  About  the  year 
1 7  JO,  the  garriibn  of  Fort  Dummer,  4 
miles  diftant,  was  alarmed  with  frequent 
explofions  of  fire  and  fmoke,  emitted  by 
the  mountain.  Similar  appearances 
have  been  obfcrved  fince. 

West  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, at  its  wefternmoft  extremity, 
having  the  la  illes  at  its  mouth.  It  re- 
ceives St.  Louis  river  from  tlie  v/eft. 

West  Bethlehem,  a  townflvip  of 
Walhington  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Westborough,  a  townfliip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Worcefterco.  .^4  miles  weft- 
fouth-weft  of  Softon,  and    ij  eaft  of 
Worcefter,  was  incorporated  in  1717. 
Among  other  fingular  occurrences  in 
the  Indian  wars,  tne  ftrange  fortune  of 
Silas  and  Timothy  Rice  is  worthy  of  no- 
tice.   They  were  fons  of  Mr.  Edmond 
Rice,  one  of  the  firft  fettlers  in  this 
town,  and  carried  ofF  bv  the  Indians  on 
Auguft  8,  1 704,  the  one  9  the  other  7 
yeare  of  age.    They  loft  tlieir  mother 
tongue,  had  Indian  wives,  and  children 
by  them,  and  lived  at  Ca^naivaga.    Si- 
las was  named  Tookaii-jivrus,  and  Tim- 
othy,  ()HghfforongoH':<ihtoiu      Timothy 
recoinnu-ndcd  hinifelf  fo  mL;h  to  the 
Indians  by  his  penetration,    courage, 
Arength,  and  warlike  fpirit,  that  he  ar- 
rived to  be  the  third  of  the  6  chiefs  of 
the  Caguaivagar.     In  1740  he  came 
down  to  fee  his  friends.    He  viewed  the 
houl'c  where  Mr.  Rice  dwelt,  and  the 
place  from  w'.ience  he  with  the  other 
children  were  captivated,  of  both  which 
he  retaineil  a  clear  remembrance  ;  as  he- 
did  lik'jwiie  ot  ieveral  elderly  perfv;rs 


WES 

who  were  then  living,  though  he  had 
forgot  the  Engliih  language.  He  r^ 
turned  to  Canada,  and,  it  is  faid,  he  was 
the  chief  who  made  the  fpeech  to  Gen. 
Gage,  in  behalf  of  the  Cagnawagas,  af- 
ter the  redudion  of  Montreal.  Thefe 
men  were  alive  in  1790. 

West  Camp,  a  thriving  village  of 
New-York,  containing  about  60  houl- 
es,  in  Columbia  co.  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Hudfon's  river,  7  miles  ibove  Red  Hook, 
and  13  north  of  New- ifork  city. 

West-Chester,  a  coiuniy  of  New- 
York  }  bounded  north  by  Dulchefs  co. 
fuuth  by  Long-Ifland  So,...d,  weft  by 
Hudfon's  river,  and  eaft  by  the  State  of 
Connet^ticut.  It  includes  Captain's  Ifl- 
ands  and  all  the  ifiands  in  the  found,  to 
the  eaft  of  Frogs  Neck,  and  to  the 
northward  of  die  viii.in  channel.  In 
1790,  it  cont,:  '  vd  ,0.^  inhabitants, 
including  1410   '  ■  a  1796,  there 

were,  in  its  n  tcwnfliips,  3,443  of  the 
inhabitants  qualified  eledtors. 

West-Chester,  the  chief  townfiiip 
of  the  above  county;  lying  partly  on 
the  Sound,  about  15  mdes  eafterly  of 
New- York  city.  It  was  much  impov- 
eriflied  in  the  late  war,  and  contains 
I2C3  inhabitants:  of  whom  164  are  o 
ledors,  and  242  flaves. 

West-Chesi  KR,  the  chief  town  of 
Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania,  containing  a- 
bout  50  houfcs,  a  court- houfe,  ftone 
gaol,  and  a  Roman  CathoHc  cluirch. 
It  is  about  15  miles  weft  of  Philadelphia. 
Westerly,  a  poft-town  on  the  fea- 
coaft  of  Wailiington  co.  Rliorl.  -"Jjod, 
and  feparated  from  Stoninjitr-  in  Cf.  n- 
nefticut  by  Paucatuck  river,  .  ;v.jc% 
weft  by  fouth  of  Newpo  t,  .'  ij  - 
from  Philadelphia.  The  ini.a.  "iViia 
carry  on  a  biillv  coafting  trade,  anu  wx 
extenlivcly  engaged  ui  the  filheries. 
The  townfliip  contains  3,198  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  10  are  (laves. 

Wf.stkkn,  a  townfliiji  of  Maflachu- 
fetts ;  lituatcd  in  the  ibuth-weft  corner 
of  Worcefter  co.  18  nulcs  eallby  north 
of  Springfield,  29  in  the  iame  dire»ition 
from  Worcefter,  and  73  lnuth-weft  by 
fouth  of  IJoft' m. 

Wi:sTHK\,  Fprt,  in  .;  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  was  ereiSteJ  in  175  i, .  n  th..  caTt 
bank  of  tiie  fmali  fall  which  temunatcs 
the  navigation  of  Kcnucbcck  fiver.  It 
is  i?>  miies  fr(an  Taconaet  Fall.  See 
K-'unvkck  River.  It  is  in  the  townfliip 
of  Hai-.v  .nf;ton,  Lincoln  co.  A  com- 
pany was  iucorporaud  iw  Feb- 1796,  t« 

build 


WES 

build  a  bridge  over  the  river  at  thl< 
place. 

Wbsterh  Precind,  in  Somerfetco. 
New-Jeifey,  contains  1,875  inhabitants, 
including  3x7  flaves. 

W  E  s  1  ii  R  N  Terri  'ory.  See  Territory 
North-H'eji  of  the  Ohio. 

Westfield,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont ;  Orleans  co.  fouth  of  Jay. 

Wkstfield,  a  plealant  poft-town 
of  Maflachufctts,  Hampflure  co.  on  the 
river  of  this  name,  in  a  curious  vale,  10 
miles  weft  of  Springfield,  .14  eaft  of 
Stoc!' bridge,  5  a  foiith-weft  of  Worcef- 
ter,  105  weft-jbuth-weft  of  J^ollon,  and 
a6o  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  an  academy, 
and  about  50  or  60  compaft  houfes. 
The  townjhip  was  incorporated  in  1669, 
and  contains  1,204  inhabitants. 

Westfield,  a  fmall  river  of  Maifa- 
chufetts,  which  rifcs  in  Bcrkfhire  co, 
and  runs  nearly  a  fouth-eaft  courle 
tlirough  Middlefield,  Wcllfield,  and 
Weft-Springfield,  where  it  empties  into 
the  Conne^'^ticut,  by  a  mouth  about  30 
yards  wiJe. 

Westfield,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  WafhinRtOTi  co.  bounded  fouth- 
erly  by  Kingfbury,  and  nordierly  by 
Whitehall.  It  contains  2,103  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  186  are  eleftors,  and  9 
ilaves.    It  lies  near  Lake  George, 

Westfield,  in  Richmond  co.  New- 
York,  is  bounded  northerly  by  the 
Frefli  Kill,  eafterly  by  Southiield,  and 
wefterly  by  the  Sound.  It  contains 
1 15 1  inhabitants,  of  whom  131  are 
electors,  and  176  flaves. 

Westfield,  a  fmall  town  in  Effex 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  containing  a  Preft>yte- 
rian  church,  and  about  40  compa«^ 
houfes.  It  is  about  7  or  8  miles  W.  of 
Elizabeth-Town. 

West-Florida.    Sec  F/oriJiK 

Westford,  a  tuwnfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Chittenden  co.  N.  E.  of  Colchefter, 
adjoining,  and  contains  63  inhabitants. 

Westford,  a  townihip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  fituaicd  in  Middlefcx  co.  28  miles 
N.  W,  of  Bofton,  and  contains  1229 
inhabitants.  In  the  year  1792,  an  acad- 
emy was  eftabliihcd  here. 

West-Greenwich,  a  Unvnfliip  in 
Kent  co.Rhode-Illand,  containit^g  2,054 
inhabitants,  including  10  ilaves. 

W  E  s  T  H  A  M,  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia, 
Henrico  co.  on  tlie  N.  bank  of  James's 
river,  6  miles  N.  W.  by  VV.  of  Rich- 
mond.   Here  Bcnediv't  Ariwld  dellroy- 


W  E  5 


■f 


ed  on«  of  the  fineft  found  iries  for  can- 
non in  An»erica,  and  a  large  quantity 
of  ftores  and  cannon,  in  January,  1781. 

Westhampton,  a  townflnp  of 
Maffachufetis,  Hampfliire  co.  7  miles 
wefterly  of  Northampton,  and  109  S. 
W.  by  W.  of  Bofton.  It  contains  <jgj 
inhabitants,  and  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
ConnctJticut  river. 

West  Harbour,  on  tlie  S.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the  N.  of 
Portland  Point.  There  is  good  anchor- 
age, but  expofedto  S.  and  S.E.  winds. 

West-Have  N,  a  parifh  of  the  town. 
fliip  of  New-Haven,  in  Conreiflicut, 
pleafantly  fituated  on  the  Harbour  and 
Sound,  3  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  the  city. 

West-Indies,  a  multitude  of  iflands 
between  North  and  South  America, 
which  were  fo  named  at  firft,  on  tJie 
prefumption  that  they  extended  in  far 
as  to  form  a  connexion  with  tliofe  of 
the  Eafl-Indies.  The  fallacy  of  this 
fuppofition  was  foon  difcovered  ;  the 
name,  however,  has  been  retained,  to 
prevent  confufion  in  the.  geographiciJ 
accounts  of  the  iflands..  The  continent 
was  alfo  fometimes  called  by  this  name, 
till  Jt3  natural  divilion  being  more  at- 
tended to,  it  obtained  a  diftinft  appel- 
lation.  See  Caribhee  Iflands  and  y/«///- 
les.  They  lie  in  the  form  of  a  bow,  or 
femicircle,  flretching  almoft  from  the 
coaft  of  Florida  north,  to  tlie  river  Oro- 
noko,  in  the  main  continent  of  South- 
America.  Such  as  are  worth  cultiva- 
tion, now  belong  to  five  European  pow- 
ers, viz.  Great-Britain,  Spain,  France, 
Holland,  and  Denmark. 

The  Britijh  cltim 
Jamaica,  Nevis, 

Barbadoes,  Montferrat, 

St.  Chriflophcrs,     Barbuda, 
Anguilla, 
Bermudas, 
The    Bahama 
ands. 


■■-•A 

■  ■"» 

■■      ■7' 


la- 


Antigua, 
Grenada,  and  the 

Grenadines, 
Dominica, 
St.  Vincent, 

Spain  claims 
Cuba,  Trinidad, 

Porto  Rico,  Margaretta.    • 

The  French  claim 
St.  Domingo,  or      Guadaloupe,  \ 

Hifpaniola,  St.  Lucia, 

Martinico,  Tobago. 

The  Dutch  claim  the  iflands  of 

St.  Euftatia,  Curaflou,    or    Cu. 

Saba,  Jai^a- 

iicumark 


■r 


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<   •■  ! 


WES 

*'  Denmark  claims  the  iflandsof 
St.  Croix,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  John's. 

Siueden  alio  poflefFes 
The  fmall  iHand  of  St.  Bartholomew. 

The  climate  in  all  the  Weft-India  ifl- 
ands  is  nearly  the  fame,  allowinsj  for 
thofe  accidental  differences  which  the 
feveral  fituations  and  qualities  of  the 
lands  themfelves  produce.  As  they 
lie  within  the  tropics,  and  the  fun  goes 
quite  over  their  heads,  palling  beyond 
them  to  the  north,  and  never  returning 
farther  from  any  of  them  than  about 
30  degrees  to  the  fouth,  they  would  be 
continually  fubje»5ted  to  an  extreme  and 
intolerable  heat,  if  the  trade  winds,  rif- 
ing  gradually  as  the  fun  gathers  If  rength, 
"* ^  not  blow  in  upon  them  from  the 

■ ,  and  refrefh  the  air  in  fuch  a  man- 
.  ,  as  to  enable  them  to  attend  their 
concerns  even  under  the  meridian  fun. 
On  the  other  hand,  as  the  night  advan- 
ces, a  breeze  begins  to  be  perceived, 
which  blows  fmartly  from  the  land,  as 
it  were  from  the  centre,  towards  the 
lea,  to  all  points  of  the  compals  at  once. 
By  the  fame  remarkable  Providence  in 
the  difpofing  of  things,  it  is,  that  \rhen 
the  fun  has  made  a  great  progrefs  to- 
wards the  tropic  of  Cancer,  and  becomes 
in  a  manner  vertical,  he  draws  after 
him  a  vaft  body  of  clouds,  which 
fhield  them  from  his  dired  beams,  and 
dilfolving  into  rain,  cool  the  air,  and  re- 
frefli  the  country,  thirlly  with  the  long 
drought,  which  commonly  prevails 
fi-om  the  beginning  of  January  to  the 
latter  end  of  May.  The  rains  make 
the  only  dillinftion  of  feafons  in  the 
Weft-Indies ;  the  trees  are  green  the 
whole  year  round ;  they  have  no  cold, 
no  frofts,  no  fnows,  and  but  rarely  fome 
hail ;  the  ftorms  of  hail  are,  however, 
very  violent  when  they  happen,  and 
kthe  hail-ftoties  very  great  and  heavy. 
The  grand  ftaple  commodity  of  the 
Weft-Indies  is  liigar.  The  Portuguefe 
were  the  firft  who  cultivated  it  in  A- 
nierica.  The  juice  of  the  fugar-canc 
is  the  moft  lively,  excellent,  and  the 
leaft  cloying  fweet  in  nature.  They 
compute,  that,  when  things  are  well 
managed,  the  rum  and  molafles  pay 
the  charges  of  the  plantation,  and  tlie 
fugars  are  clear  gain.  The  quantity  of 
rum  and  rnolafTes  exported  from  all  the 
Britifli  Well-India  Iflands  in  1789  to 
all  parts,  was  accurately  as  follows  : 
Rum,  9,492,177  gal.  of  which  1,485,461 
gal.  came  to  the  Uni^f  i  States ;  Molal- 


WES 

fes  ai,t9i  gal.  of  which  100©  gal. 
came  to  the  United  States.  The  ne- 
groes in  the  plantations  are  fubfifted  at 
a  very  eafy  rate.  This  is  generally  by 
allotting  to  each  family  of  them  a  fmall 
portion  of  land,  and  allowing  them  two 
days  in  the  week,  Saturday  and  Sunday, 
to  cultivate  it ;  foi.->e  are  fublifted  m 
this  manner,  but  c  ihers  find  their  ne- 
groes a  certain  portion  of  Indian  or 
Guinea  corn,  and  to  fome  S  fait  herring, 
or  a  certain  portion  of  bacon  or  fait 
pork,  a  day.  All  the  reft  of  the  charge 
confilts  in  a  cap,  a  fhirt,  a  pair  of  breech- 
es, and  a  blanket ;  and  the  profit  of  their 
labour  yields  on  an  average ;Cio  or;Cii 
annually.  I'he  price  of  men  negroes, 
upon  their  firft  arrival,  is  from  £},o  to 
£,T,G  ;  women  and  grown  boys  50/lefs  ; 
but  fuch  negro  families  as  are  actjuaint- 
ed  with  the  bulinefs  of  the  iflands,  gen- 
erally bring  above  ^^40  upon  an  aver- 
age one  with  another ;  and  there  are 
inftances  of  a  fingle  negro  man,  expert 
in  the  bufinefs,  bringing  150  guineas ; 
and  the  wealth  of  a  planter  is  generally 
computed  from  the  number  of  flaves  he 
pollefTes.  In  the  year  1787,  the  Mora- 
vians or  United  Brethren,  had  the  fol- 
lowing number  of  converted  negro 
flaves,  independent  of  thofe  who  attend- 
ed divine  fervice. 

In  Antigua  -  .  -  5,46^ 
In  St.  Kitts,  a  new  million  -  80 
In  Barbadoes  and  Jamaica  about  100 
In  St.  Thomas's,  St.  Croix,  and 

St.  John's  about     -        -         io,coo 
In  Surrinam  (or  the  continent) 

about        -        .         .         ,        400 
Still  living  in  the  Weft-Indies     — 

and  Surrinam        -         -         16,045 
Population  of  the  Britijh   Weft-Indies. 


Jamaica 

Biirbadoea  ''■  "I' 

Grenada 

St.  Vincent 

Dominica 

Antigua 

Montferrat 

Nevis 

St.  Chriftopher's 

Virgin  liles 

Bahamas 

Bermudas 


Total  65,305  455,684 

There  is  likewife,  in  each  of  the  iflands, 
a  number  of  perfons,  of  mixed  blood, 
and  native  blacks  of  free  condition.    In 

Jamaica, 


Whites. 

Blacks. 

30,000 

250,000 

16,167 

6z,ii5 

1,000 

a3>9«6 

I»450 

".85.? 

1,236 

14,967 

»,590 

37.808 

i»300 

10,000 

1,000 

8,420 

1,900 

ao,435 

1,200 

9,000 

SjOOO 

«,24I 

5>462 

4,9^9 

S>4^S 
80 
t         loo 
id 

lOtOOO 

I 

400 

16,045 
r/i-Indies. 

Blacks. 

450,000 
62,115 

11.85.? 
14,967 
37.808 

10,003 
8,420 

ao,435 
9,000 
a,34i 
4.9T9 


W  E  3 

Jamaica,  they  are  reckoned  at  10,000  ; 
and  about  the  lame  number  in  the  other 
iflands,  taken  colle<5lively.  I'he  follow- 
ing Itatement  was  made  by  Mr.  Dun- 
das  in  the  Britifh  Houie  ot  Commons. 
Imports  from  the  Britifti  Well-Indies 
*".  .*795»  X,"8, 800,000  llerh — revenue 
arifing  theretioni,  /;i,634,coo — fliip- 
ping  employed  in  that  trade,  664  vel- 
iels — tonnage,  153,000 — ^ftanien,  8,000. 
Exports  from  Great-Britain  to  the 
Weft-lndics,  in  1794,  Xi3,7oo,oooj  em- 
ploying 700  veffels — tonnage,  1 7  7,000 — 
ll-umen,  12,000.  Produce  ui  the  illands 
imported  and  re-exportrd,  jC3)  700,000. 
The  following"  account  ot  tlic  white  in- 
habitants, ti-ee  ncgioes,  and  (laves,  in 
the  French  iflands  is  extrui^ted  from  the 
Itatement  ot  Monf.  Neckar ;  but  it  is 
thought  that  the  negro  flaves  were 
doubled  before  the  commencement  of 
the  French  revolution. 


St.  Domingo  in      1779 
Martlnico        in      1775 
CJuadalgupe     in       I7  7y 
St.  Lucia         in      1776 
Tob.igo  (fuproled-i 
to  be  ihe  latnc  > 
as  St.  Lucia/      j 
Cayenne  ^S.  A.J  in    17SS 


rrbites.  F.  Blacli.  Sialics. 
3i,6jo  7,05i  149,09^ 
11,619  2,H9i  7l,:oS 
11,2.61  I,3Si  b5,3-7 
a. 397    'iOS°      >o,-si 


1.397 
I.3S8 


1,050 


10,7S1 
10,5  39 


63,6Sl  13.4*9  437,736 

The  French  writers  Itate  the  number 
of  fhips  employed  in  their  Wed-Fndia 
trade  at  600,  each  on  an  average  .300 
tons— their  feamcn  at  15,000.  I'he 
produce  in  1785,  160  millions  of  livres. 
i  he  Weit-lndia  trade  is  thought  to  be 
worth  to  France  about  X!4oo,ooo  fterl. 
annually.  This  was  before  the  revo- 
lution. The  value  of  the  SpanlH'.  W. 
India  trade  is  blended  with  that  of  A- 
Bierica  in  general ;  lee  Spanijh  America. 
The  Danilh  Weft-India  trade  brings 
in  a  revenue  to  the  King  of  Denmark 
of  133,000  dollars.  The  iflands  are 
defcribed  under  their  refpeftive  names. 

V/tsr  LiBERTY,apoft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  capital  of  Ohio  co.  is  (it- 
uated  at  the  head  of  Short  Creek,  6  miles 
from  the  Ohio.  It  contains  above  lao 
houfes,  a  Prefbyterian  church,  a  court- 
houfe,and  };aol.  It  lies  a  miles  well  of 
the  Pennfylvania  line,  18  north-welt  of 
Wheeling,  a;  VV.of  Wafliington  in  Penn- 
fylvania, and  348  weft  of  Philadelphia. 

West  MAiN,the  weftlhoreof  Hud- 
fon's  Bay  in  N.  America  is  fo  called,  at 
leail  that  part  of  it  called  Jamea  Bay. 
See  Eajl  Main. 

Wbstminster,  a  townfhip  of  Maf- 
fachufettS)  (ituated  in  Worccftcrco.  was 


WES 

granted  to  thofe  who  did  fervice  in  th« 
Narraganfet  war,  or  their  heirs,  in  1 738, 
and  was  then  ftyled  Nurraganfety  Ao.  a*' 
It  was  mcorporated  by  its  prel'ent  name 
in  1 759  J  and  contains  ao,coo  acres  of 
land,  well  watered.  It  is  htuatcd  on 
the  height  of  land  between  the  rivers 
Merrimack  and  Connefticut,  having 
ftreanis  aiiling  in  the  town,  and  running 
into  both.  It  is  about  55  miles  fion> 
Bofton  to  the  north  of  weft,  and  about 
2a  miles  north  from  Worcefter,  and 
contains  177  dweliing-houfes,  and  1174 
inhabitants. 

WtsT  MI  NSTER,aconfiderable  town- 
fhip of  Vermont,  in  Windham  co.  on 
Connf.clicut  river,  opp'  Jite  VValpcJe  in 
New-Hampfliire.  It  contains  1601  in- 
habitants. Sexton's  river  enters  the 
Connedticut  in  the  S,  E.  corner  of  the 
townihip.  Here  is  a  poft-office  1 8  miles 
north  of  Brattleborougli,  18  north-well 
of  Keen,  inNew-Hamplhire,  59  north  of 
Noithampton  in  MaiTachufetts,  and  339 
north-ealt  of  Philadelphia. 

WhST MINSTER,  the  caftemmoft 
town  of  Frederick  co.  Maryland,  about 
18  miles  E.  N.  E,  of  Woodlborough, 
a6  north-weft  of  Baldmore,  and  47  N. 
by  E.  of  the  city  of  Walhington. 

Wh  ST  MORE,  the  wefternnioft  town- 
fhip of  Eflcx  CO.  Vermont.  Willough- 
by  Lake  lies  in  this  townfhip. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  north  and  eait  by  Pa- 
towmack  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Maryland,  fouth-eaft  by  Northumber- 
land, fouth-wcft  by  Richmond,  and  well 
by  King  George.  It  contains  772a  in- 
I'ubitants,  of  whom  4425  are  flaves. 
Tli'S  county  has  the  honour  of  having 
given  birth  to  GuoRGt  Washington, 
lirft  Prelident  of  the  United  States. 
The  court-houf'c  in  this  county  is  on  die 
Ibuth  bank  of  Patowmack  river,  10  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Richmond,  16  north-weft 
of  Kinfale,  and  389  fouth-weft  by  fouth 
of  Philadelphia.     Here  is  a  poll-office. 

We  STMORE  LAN  D,  a  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania, bounded  north  by  Lycoming, 
and  fouth  by  Fayette  co.  and  abounds 
with  iron  ore  and  coal.  It  contains  ix 
townfhips  and  16,018  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding laS  flaves.  Chief  town,  Greenf- 
burg. 

Westmoreland,  a  confiderable 
townihip  of  New-Hampfliire,  Cheihire 
CO.  on  the  eaftera  bank  of  Connecticut 
river,  between  Chefterfield  and  Wal* 
pole,  lie  miles  from  Portfmouth.    b 

was 


]^ 


K  i 


i.lil 


,.'■•"■  SOS 


W  JLS 


WE  Y 


was  locorporatcd  ia  1751,  and  contains 
^01 3  inhabitants. 

Westmoheland,  a  towrfhij)  of 
•Kew-York,  in  Herkenier  co.  taken  from 
Vvhiteftuwn,  and  incorporated  ia  179a. 
■In  1796,  it  conuined  840  inhabitunts, 
of  whom  I.-?  7  were  eledlors.  The  cen- 
tre of  the  town  is  6  miles  fouth  of  Fort 
Schuyler,  and  36  north-well  of  Coop- 
erftown. 

WcsTMORELANO,  a  trad^  of  land  in 
Pennfylrania,  bounded  eaft  by  Dela- 
ware  river,  welt  by  a  line  drawn  due 
north  and  fouth  xj  miles  wett  of  Wy- 
oming  on  Sufquehannah  river,  and  b^e* 
tween  the  parallels  of  41  and  40  degrees 
of  noitli  lat.  was  claimed  by  the  Sute 
of  ConneifUcut,  as  within  the  limits  of 
their  original  charter,  and  in  1^54  was 
purchaled  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians 
by  the  Sufquehannah  and  Delaware 
companies,  and  afterwards  fettled  by  a 
conliderable  colony,  under  the  jurildic- 
tion  of  Connecfticuu  This  uacft  was  call- 
ed liyhfiorelartd,  and  annexed  to  the 
county  of  Litchfield  in  Connecticut. 
The  Pennfylvanians  difputed  the  claim 
of  Conncfticut  to  thefe  lands,  and  in  the 
progrefs  of  this  bufinefs  there  was  much 
w:iini  contention,  and  fome  bloodlhed. 
This  unhappy  difpute  has  lince  been 
tdjulled.    See  ffyomwg. 

Weston,  a  townlnip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  ij  miles  weft  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  17H, 
and  contains  i,oto  inhabitants. 

Westo  N,  a  townfliip  of  Conne6licut, 
Fairfield  co.  nortli  of  Fairfield,  adjoin- 

v^  "ton's  Ijlandsy  groups  of  ifl- 
ands  in  James's  Bay. 

West-Point,  a  ftrong  fottrefs 
eredted  during  the  revolution,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Hudlbn's  river,  in  the  State 
of  New- York,  6  miles  above  Antliony's 
Nofe,  7  below  Fi(h-Kill,  a»  S.  of  Pough- 
keepfie,  and  about  60  N,  of  New-York 
city.  It  is  lituated  in  the  midft  of  the 
high  lands,  and  is  flrongly  fortified  by 
nature  as  well  as  art.  The  principal 
fort  is  fituated  on  a  point  of  land,  form- 
ed by  a  I'udden  bend  in  the  river,  and 
commands  it,  lor  a  conliderable  dillance, 
above  and  below.  Fort  Putnam  is  litu- 
ated  a  little  further  back,  on  an  emi- 
nence which  overlooks  the  other  fort, 
and  commands  a  greater  extent  of  the 
river.  There  arc  a  number  of  houfes 
and  barracks  on  the  point  near  the  forts. 
Qck  tlie  oppolitie  iide  of  the  civcT,  arc 


the  ruins  of  Old  Port  ConftitutJon,  wlt!» 
Ibmc  ban  acks  going  to  decay.  A  n  um- 
ber of  continental  troops  are  ftationcd 
here  to  guard  the  arfenai  and  ftores  of 
the  United  States,  which  are  kept  at  this 
place.  This  fottrefs  is  called  the  Gib- 
ralter  of  America,  as  by  reafon  of  the 
rocky  ridges,  riling  one  behind  another, 
it  is  incapable  of  being  inverted  by  leijj 
than  ao,ooo  men.  The  fate  of  America 
feemed  to  hover  over  this  place.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Britiflj,  and  afterwards 
retaken  by  llorm,  in  a  very  gallant 
manner,  by  Gen.  Wayne.  Benecfidt  Ar- 
nold, to  whom  the  important  charge  of 
this  fort  was  committed,  deligned  to  nave 
furrendercd  it  up  to  the  Britifh  ;  but 
Providence  difappointed  the  treafonable 
delign,  by  the  moft  (imple  means.  Ma- 
jor Andre,  a  moft  accomplilhed.  and 
gallant  officer,  was  taken,  tried,  and 
executed  as  a  ipy,  and  Arnold  tfcaped. 
Thus  the  Britifli  exchanged  one  of  their 
beft  officers,  for  one  of  the  worft  men 
in  tlie  American  army. 

Westport,  a  flouriftiing  townfliip 
of  Maflachufetts,  Briftol  co.  ^o  miles 
foutherly  of  fiofton.  It  was  incorj)©- 
ratcd  in  1787,  and  contains  3,466  in- 
habitants. 

West.Sprincfielo,  a  townfliijpof 
MafTachufetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Connefticut  river,  oppofite 
Sivingfield,  about  a8  miles  N.  of  Hart- 
ford, and  100  W.  S.  W.  of  Bofton.  In 
the  compaft  part  are  about  40  dwelling- 
houfes,  and  a  Congregational  church. 
The  townfhip  contains  3  parifhes,  and 
3,367  inhabitants. 

West-Stockbridce,  a  townfliip 
of  MafTachufetts,  in  Berkfhire  co.  ad- 
joining Stockbridse  on  the  weft,  and 
has  the  New-York  line  on  the  north- 
y/^Wy  and  lies  150  miles  from  Bofton. 
William's  river,  and  its  ftreams,  water 
the  townfhip,  and  accommodate  3  iron- 
works, a  fulling-mill,  a  grift-mill,  and 
a  law-mills. 

WEST.lowN,atownfhipinChefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Weth  ERSFiBiD.  See  Weather sfield. 

Wkybridge,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Addifon  county,  feparated 
from  New-Haven  on  the  N.  and  E.  by 
Otter  Creek.  It  contain?  175  inhabit- 
ants. Snake  Mountain  Ues  nearly  on 
the  line  between  this  townfhip  and 
diat  of  Addifon  on  the  weft. 

W  FY  MOUTH,  the  Wejfagufctisy  or 
IVitJJhguJfett  oi  the  Indians,  %  townfhip 

of 


*on,  ^vlA 

Anum» 

ftationcd 

ftores  of 

ept  at  this 

"  the  Gib- 

n  of  the 

another, 

d  by  leia 

|f  America 

e.  It  was 

ftenvards 

gallant 

ne<fi(fl  Ar- 

charge  of 

ed  to  have 

itifh  ;   but 

reafonable 

ans.    Ma- 

liflied,  and 

tried,  and 

Id  efcaped. 

one  of  their 

worll  men 

;  townfljip 
).  ^o  miles 
as  incorpo- 
s  a,466  in* 

townfliit)  of 
CO.  on  the 
er,  oppofite 
N.  of  Hart- 
Bodon.  In 
\o  dwelling- 
nal  church, 
arifhes,  and 

a  townfliip 
lire  CO.  ad- 
t  weft,  and 
the  north- 
om  Boilon. 
Jams,  water 
date  3  iron- 
ft-n]ill»  and 

p  in  Chefter 

''eathersjield. 
lip  of  Ver- 
,  feparated 
.  and  £.  by 
175  inhabit' 
1  nearly  on 
vnlhip  and 
t. 

"agufcuss  or 
%  townihip 
of 


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fi\  Mriflachufetts.  Norfolk  co.  incorpo- 
rated in  i6ji<;.  It  lies  14  miles  S.  E.  of 
Bofton,  and  employs  fome  fmall  veflels 
in  the  inackarcl  filhery.  Fore  river  on 
the  N.  W.  and  Back  river  on  the  S.  E. 
include  near  one  half  of  the  tou'nfhip. 
The  cheofc  made  here  is  reckoned 
among  the  beft  brought  to  Bollon 
market.  It  is  faid  to  be  one  r)f  the 
oldelt  towns  in  the  State  :  Mr.  Wefton, 
an  ErtgJiih  merchant,  having  made  a 
tcmpcrury  Icttlement  here  in  fiimmer, 
1624.  It  contains  a3»  houfes,  and 
J  4 69  inhabitants. 

w II ALE  COVE  T/IanJ,  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  N.  America,  is  the  moft 
northerly  of  two  iilands  lyinj;;  to  the  S. 
of  RrocK  Cobliam,  or  Marble  Iflaod, 
■which  is  in  lat.  63  N.  Lovf;gruve,  the 
other  iHand,  has  a  fair  opcijing  to  the 
■well  of  it. 

Whale  Fish  Iflatid,  in  the  river 
Effequibo,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  An^rica, 
is  above  the  Seven  Brothers,  or  Seven 
Klands,  and  below  the  Three  Brothers. 

Whalr  IJJ^jidy  at  the  mf)uth  of 
M'Kenzie's  river,  in  the  North  Sea  or 
Frozen  Ocean,  on  the  north  coail  of 
the  north-weftern  part  of  Korth^Amcr- 
ica.    N.  iat.  69  14. 

Whappino's  Creek,  a  fmail  creek 
which  empties  through  the  call  bank  of 
Hudlon's  river,  in  the  townihip  of  Fifh 
Kill,  8  miles  fuuth  of  Poujjhkeepfie,  and 
72  north  of  New-York  city.  Here  are 
two  mills,  at  which  conhderable  bufincfs 
ii)  p'e;ibrmed. 

Whartok,  a  townfliip  of  Fayette 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Wkatki  y,  a  townfhip  of  Mafikchu- 
fens,  in  Hamplhire  co.  jo  miles  north  of 
Nordiampton,  and  105  miles  from  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1771,  and 
contains  -^^d  inhabitants. 

W  H  E  K  L I N  G ,  or  IVheelhty  a  pcft-town 
of  Virginia,  lituated  at  the  mouth  of  a 
creek  on  the  eaft  bank  of  Ohio  river, 
10  miles  above  Grave  Creek,  18  fouth- 
weft  of  Well  Liberty,  and  61  fouth-weft 
of  Pittfburg.  Not  far  from  this  place, 
a  wall  has  been  difcovered  fome  feet  un- 
der the  earth,  very  rtgi'.Iarly  built,  ap- 
parently the  work  of  art.  It  is  363  miles 
from  Pniladelphia. 

Wheelock,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Caledoiiia  co.  about  20  miles  nortli- 
weft  of  Littleton,  and  contains  33  in- 
habitants. 

WHEELWBtCHT  (?«/,  at  the  north- 
weft  end  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrifto. 
M  M  m 


nlicr's,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  has  Willet's 
Ray  and  Mafshoule  Bay  to  the  eaft,  and 
Courpon's  and  Convent  Bays  to  the 
fouth-weft.  There  is  a  fand  before  the 
entrance  which  api)cars  to  prevent  Ihips 
from  going  in. 

W  H  E  N  N  u I  A,  one  of  two  fmall  iflands 
in  th.:  South  Pacitic  Ocean,  near  tlie 
ifland  of  Otalia. 

Whetstone  Fort  is  on  the  north 
fide  of  Patapfco  river,  and  weft  lidc  of 
the  mouth  of  Baltimore  Harbour,  in  Ma- 
ryland. It  is  oppofite  Gofliich  Point, 
ai  miles  eafterly  fi-om  the  Baltimore 
Company's  iron-works,  at  the  mouth  of 
Gwiuns'  Falls. 

W  H I  p  p  AN  Y,  a  village  of  New-Jerfey, 
Morris  co.on  a  branch  of  Paflaick  river, 
ntarly  ^  miles  N.  E.  of  Morriftown. 

Whirl,  or  Suck,  in  1  enncsflcc  river, 
lies  in  about  lat.  35  N. 

V»''HiTE,  a  river  or  torrent  ifluing 
from  the  mountain  of  fulphur  in  the  id- 
and  of  Caudaloupe,  in  the  Weft-Indies. 
It  is  thus  named  as  often  afTuming  a 
white  colour  from  the  afhes  and  fulphur 
covering  it.  It  empties  into  the  river 
St.  Louis. 

White,  a  river  of  Louiflana,  which 
joins  Arkanfas  river,  a  water  of  the  Mil- 
lifippi,  about  10  miles  above  the  fort, 
which  Mr.  Hutchins  reckons  550  coi:i- 
puted  miles  from  New-Orleans,  and 
660  from  tlie  lea.  It  has  been  navigat- 
ed above  200  miles  in  flat-bottomed 
boats.    See  Arkan/as. 

Wh  itf.,  a  fmall  river  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory,_which  purfues  a  north-weft, 
and,  near  its  mouth,  a  wefterly  courfe, 
anci  enters  Wabaili  river,  rz  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Chickafaw  river. 

White,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
falls  into  Connedicut  river  about  5  miles 
below  Dartmouth  college,  between  Nor- 
wich and  Hartford.  It  is  from  ico  to 
150  yards  wide,  fome  diftance  from  its 
mouth.  •  Its  fource  is  in  a  fpring,  which 
by  means  cf  Onion  river,  communi- 
cates with  Lake  Champlain.  It  derives 
its  name  from  the  whitenefs  of  its 
water. 

Wn  iTE  Bay,  on  the  E.  coaft  of  New- 
foundland Kland,  inthe  Machigonis  riv- 
er.   Its  N.  limit  is  Cape  d' Argent. 

White  Ca^Cy  or  Blanco^  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  New-Mexico,  is  20  leagues  to 
the  north-weft  of  Herradura.  This  cape, 
in  lat.  10  N.  l>ears  with  tlie  ifland  Ca- 
noe, at  north-wef'-  by  weft  and  S.  R.  bv 
£.  and  with  Sit.  L..ke  Iliand  at  N.  K.  by 

K, 


CTi 


W  H  1 

N.  and  fouth-wcft  by  fouth,  hvlvig  about 
9  Iciigiics  from  each. 

White  D^rr,  atowiifhlpof  Pennfyl- 
vania,  (itnated  on  Sufquehanniih  river. 
yVMiTtFiFLD.atownlhipofPennfyU 
Vania,  in  VVeilniordand  couiif.y. 

VVniT F.HALL,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  in  Northampton  county. 

Whitehall,  a  townlhip  of  New- 
York,  Waihington  co.  bounded  Ibvvth- 
erly  by  the  S.  ooundsofthe  trad  form- 
erly called  Skcenfborough,  and  north- 
erly by  the  N.  bounds  of  the  county. 
Tn  1790,  it  contained  805  inhabitants. 
In  J  796,  150  of  the  inhabitants  were 
elcL^ors. 

White  Marsh,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  Montgomery  co. 

White  MtmuUiinu  See  New-Hamp'- 
Jhlre. 

Whitepatne,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  Montgomery  co. 

White  PLAi;is,a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  Welt-Cheftcr  co.  bounded  calt- 
erly  bv  Mamaroneck  river,  and  wellcr- 
!y  by  Bronx  river.  It  eontains  505  in- 
Jiabitants,  of  whom  76  are  electors,  and 
49  (laves.  It  is  remarkable  for  a  battle 
fought  here  between  the  American  and 
Britifh  forces,  on  the  aSth  of  Odober, 
\TT(i.  It  is  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
l^ingflM-idge,  30  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Nev/- 
York,  and  12;  from  Philadelphia. 

Whitu  Pointy  on  the  coaft  of  Nova- 
Rcotia,  is  about  3  leagues  to  the  fouth- 
weft  from  Cape  Canfo,  and  northcafl 
of  Green  Point,  There  is  an  ifland  off 
the  point  that  (belters  Bar  Hnven. 

White  Po'nity  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
B/cton  Ifland,  is  about  a  mile  S.  W.  of 
Black  Cape,  near  the  harbour  of  Louif- 
burg,  and  the  E.  point  of  Gabarus  Bsy. 
White  Pointy  in  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, lies  eaihvard  of  White  Horfe  Cliffs,, 
about  7  leagues  E.  of  Port  fto^al. 

WHiTfs's  J5/7y,  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
foundlandi     N.  lat.  50  17,  W.  long. 

W'hite's  River,  on  ttie  Tf.  E.  coaft 
of  Jamaica,  is  near  the  weft  limit  of 
Port  Antonio. 

Whitestown,  ill  Herkemer  co. 
New- York,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Mo- 
hawk river,  4  miles  weft  of  Old  Fort 
Schuyler,  and  100  weft  of  Albany. 
The  compart  part  of  this  new  and 
flourifliing  town  lies  on  one  beautiful 
Itreet,  about  a  mile  in  lengtli,  ornament- 
ed with  trees.  Thehoules  are  gencr- 
aliy  furniilied  with 'water,  9ondu4tj:d 


W  I  E 

by  pii)t»  Lid  under  ground,  from  thf> 
ncighbourinjj  lulls.  At  prefwiit  thio 
court-houfc,  meeting-houfe,  and  fchool^ 
houle,  are  combined  in  one  building  ;. 
but  it  is  contemplated  fliortly  to  erc(5t 
I'eparatc  and  handfome  edifices  for  thefe 
feveral  purpofcs.  The  foil  of  this  towrh 
is  remarkably  gaod.  Nine  acres  of 
wheat  in  one  field,  yielded,  on  an  aver- 
age, 4  \  bufh  jIs  of  wheat,  of  60  lb.  cach» 
dn  iicrc.  This  is  no  uncommon  crop. 
This  town  and  its  neigbbourhoou  has 
been  littlcd  wi^h  remarkable  rapidity. 
All  that  cliftridt  comprehended  bctweeu 
the  Oneida  Referration,  and  the  Ger- 
man Flats,  and  which  is  now  divided 
into  the  townfhips  of  AA'hiteftown,  Pa- 
ris,, and  Weftmorclanci>  was  known,  a 
few  years  lince,  by  the  name  c\KlVhitef 
toivtiy  and  no  longer  ago  than  1785, 
contained  twO  families  only,  thofe  of 
Hugh  White,  and  Mods  Fwot,  eftiuires. 
In  1796,  there  were  v/ithin  the  flune 
limits,  6  pariflies,  with  as  many  fettled 
minifters,  3  full  regiments  of  militia,  i 
corps  of  light-h'  *"c,.  a^l  in  uniform. 
In  the  whole.  o  inhabitants,  of 
whom  1 190  we  'ificd  eledlors. 

White  /r&u-  j.aand,  or  Dc  Boh 
Blanc.     See  Micbillh?iakkinak. 

Whiting,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
rn  Addiibn  co.  feparated  from  Leicefter 
on  the  E.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  part 
of  Orwell  on  the  W.  It  contains  350 
inhabitants.' 

Whittingham,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  die  fouth-weft  corner  of  Wind- 
ham CO.  containing  442  inhabitants. 

Whitsun  IJlajid,  in  the  South  Pa-, 
cific  Ocean,  is  about  4  miles  long,  and 
3  broad  ;  and  fo  furrounded  by  break- 
ers that  a  boat  cannot  land.  iS.  lat.  19' 
%(>,  W.  long.  137  56.  Variation  of  the 
needle  m  1767,  6"  E. 

WiANDOTS,  or  JVyamlots,  an  Indisri 
tribe  inhabiting  near  Fort  St.  Jofeph,. 
and  Detroit,  in  the  N.  W"".  Territory. 
Warriors,  200. 

WiAPoco,  or  Little  ffia,  is  an  out- 
let or  arm  of  the  river  Oioonoko,  on 
the  weft  fide.  It  has  many  branches, 
which  are  all  navigable. 

WirKPORD^  a  finall  trading  village 
in  the  townfhip  of  North-Kingllown, 
Rhode-Illand,  arid  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Narraganfet  Bay ;  34  miles  S.of  Provi- 
dence, and  9  or  10  N.  W.  of  Newport. 

WiESPiNCAN,  a  river  of  Louiliana,- 
which  empties  into  the  Miflifippi»  »»■ 
nulcs  above  the  Sou^oux  village. 

Wicomico,. 


W  1  L 


W  I  L 


WicoMjco,  a  fmall  river  of  Mary- 
land, wliich  rills  in  Su(!i.'X  county,  Del- 
aware, and  cmptits  into  FilUing  B,iy,  on 
the  ealt  rtiorc  ofClidapeak  Bay. 

WicHCOMico,  ;i  lliortnavipiihlc  riv- 
er ot  Maryland,  which  is  formed  by 
Pilus  and  Allen's  Trcih,  and,  ninniog 
fouthward,  empties  into  the  I'atowmac, 
about  35  miles  trom  its  nioutJi.  Cob 
Neck  tbrms  the  north  limit  of  its  mouth. 

Wight,  IJlc  of.  bet  IJk  <J'  in^k 
Coiimy, 

Wight,  IJle  of;  cad  end  of  Long- 
Ifland.     bee  GarJner\  JJland. 

Wir-BRAHAM,  a  townlhip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  in  Hamplhirc  co.  lo  miles 
ealt  of  Springfield,  30  N.  E.  of  Mart- 
lord,  in  Conr.cdicut,  and  8<>  Icmth-weft 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
176.?  ;  contains  %  parishes,  und  1555 
inhabitants. 

Wilkes,  a  county  of  the  upper  dif- 
X^\&.  of  Georgia,  feparatcd  from  South- 
Carolina,  on  die  ealtv/ard,  by  Savan- 
nah river,  and  contnins  31,500  inhah 
ants,  including  7,168  flaves.  Tobacco 
is  the  chief  produce  of  this  county,  of 
which  it  exported  about  3000  hhds.  in 
1788.  It  is  well  watered,  and  is  famous 
for  a  medicinal  Ipring,  near  its  chief 
town,  Wafliington  ;  which  fee. 

Wilkes,  a  county  of  Morgan  dif- 
ttift,  in  the  north-welt  corner  ofNorth- 
Carolina.  It  contains  8>I43  inhabitants, 
including  549  flaves. 

Wilkes,  a  poll-town  and  chief  of 
the  above  county,  33  miles  from  Rock- 
iurd,  45  trom  Morgantown,  and  611 
from  Philadelphia. 

Wjlksbarre,  or  Ullkjhurgt  apoft- 
town  of  Pennfylvania,  and  chief  town 
o4'  Luzerne  co.  fituated  on  the  fouth-eaft 
fide  of  the  eaft  branch  of  die  Sufque- 
hannah.  It  contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol, 
and  about  45  houfes.  It  is  67  miles  N. 
E.  of  Betliiehem,  about  the  fame  dif- 
tance  above  Sunbury,  and  118  N.  by  N- 
W.  of  Philadelphia. 

WiL let's  Bay,  at  die  rorth-weft 
/end  of  tlie  ifland  of  St.  ChriftopJier's. 
Willet's  Gut  is  at  the  fouth-wieft  coaft 
of  the  fame  iiland. 

William,  ¥ort,  (now  called  the  V.af- 
tie)  was  eredcd  on  Caftle  Ifland  in  Bof- 
ton  liarbour,  in  the  reign  of  king  Wil- 
liam, by  Col.  Roemer,  a  famous  engi- 
neer. When  the  Britifh  troops  evacuat- 
«l  Bofton,  in  March,  1776,  the  fortifi- 
cations were  blown  up,  but  were  foon 
after  repaired.     The  buildings  are  the 


governor':!  iionfe,  a  magazine,  gaol,  hnv 
racks,  and  WiJik-iliops.  On  tlni;  iiland, 
which  contains  about  i8  acres  of  land, 
diftant  3  miles  from  the  town  of  Bolton, 
there  ar*  a  numi)cr  ol  convi^s,  who  are 
ii:ntcnccd  to  conlirunient  here  for  dif- 
ferent periods,according  to  thrir  crimes, 
and  employed  in  the  maaufadture  of 
nails  ana  Ihocs,  and  guartled  by  a  com- 
pany of  between  60  and  70  foidiers. 
The  <ort,  which  commands  the  entrance 
into  tlK'  harbour,  has  50  pieces  of  can- 
non mounted,  and  44  othets  he  dif- 
mounttd. 

Williams,  a  to,wnfIiip  in  Northamp- 
ton county,  Pennfylvania. 

William's  Sound,  Prince,  on  the 
north-wefl  coafl:  of  N.  America.  Its 
E.  point  is  in  lit.  60  19  N.  and  long. 
14653  weft,  andCapeElizabethwhichis 
its  weft  point,  and  the  E.  point  of  Cook's 
river,  is  in  lat.  59  10,  and  long.  152  15. 

WiLMAMSBOROuoH,  a  poft-town 
of  N.Carolina,  and  capital  of  Granville 
CO.  plcafantly  iituatcd  on  a  creek  which 
falls  into  the  Roanoke.  It  carries  on  a 
briflc  trade  with  the  back  counties,  and 
contains  between  30  and  40  houfes,  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  Hourifliing  acad- 
emy. It  is  17  miles  from  Warrentop, 
48  north-eaft  of  Millfl^orough,  56  weft- 
north-wcft  of  Halifax,  and  407  from 
Philadelphia. 

Williamsburg,  a  co.  of  Virgini«» 
between  York  and  James'  rivers,  and 
was  joined  in  the  enumeration  of  inhab- 
itants, in  J  790,  with  York  co.  Thcfe 
ttgether  contain  5,233  inhabitants. 

WiLLlAMSBURGH,    a    tOWnflllp    of 

MafTachufetts,  Hampfhire  co.  on  the 
weft  fide  oi"  Conne<5Hcut  river,  havinq 
Hatfield  on  tlie  E.  It  contains  a  hand- 
fome  Congregational  church,  159  houfes, 
and  1,049  inhabitants.  In  the  year  1 760, 
this  townfliip  was  a  wilderneis.  It  lies 
7  miles  from  Conncdicut  river,  8  north- 
weft  of  Northampton,  ajid  108  wcit 
of  BoftoB. 

Wh,liamsburg,  a  poft-town  of 
New- York,  Ontario  co.  fituated  on  the 
K.  fide  ai  Gencffee  river,  near  where 
Canafcrago  creek  empties  into  that  riv- 
er ;  30  miles  fouth-weft  of  Canandaigua, 
40  nordi-weft  of  Bath,  98  north-weft  of 
Alliens  or  Tioga  Point,  and  a88  N. 
wefterly  of  Philadelphia. 

Williamsburg,  called  alfo  Joner' 
ioivn,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania,  Dauphine 
co.atthejun»Si:i(*n  of  Little  Swataiii  with 
5 watara  river.   It  has  a  G crman  LutVici r 

all 


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** 


!   ,4* 


W  I  L 


W  I  L 


an  and  Calvinift  church,  ana  about  4'- 
ciwdling-houfcs.  It  is  23  miles  N.  E. 
bvE.  ofHarrifburg.  and  89  north-well 
of  Philadelphirt. — Alfo,  tii?^  name  of  a 
townlhip  in  Luzerne  county. 

Williamsburg,  a  viliaKC  of  Mary- 
land, in  Talbot  county,  5  miies  N.  E.  of 
Earton,  r  \d  4  N.  W.  of  King's-Town. 

Williamsburg,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, lies  60  miles  eaflward  of  Rich- 
mond, (ituated  between  two  creeks,  one 
falling  into  James,  the  other  into  York 
river.  The  diftance  of  each  ianding- 
place  is  about  a  mile  from  the  town. 
During  the  regal  government,  it  was 
propofed  to  unite  thefe  creeks  by  a  ca- 
nal palling  through  tlie  centre  of  tlie 
town  ;  but  the  removal  of  the  feat  of 
government  rendered  it  no  longer  an  ob- 
ject of  importance.  It  contains  about 
200  houfcs,  and  has  about  1,400  inhab- 
itants. It  is  regularly  laid  out  in  paral- 
lel llreets,  with  a  pleafant  fquare  in  the 
centre  of  about  ten  acres,  through  which 
runs  the  principal  ftreet  call  and  weft, 
about  a  mile  in  lengtli,  and  more  tlian 
100  feet  wide.  At  tl\e  erids  of  this 
ilreet  are  ,svo  public  buildings,  the  col- 
lege, ana  capitol.  Belides  thefe,  there 
is  an  Epifoopal  church,  a  prilbn,  a  court- 
houie,  a  magazine,  now  occupied  as  a 
market,  and  a  hofpital  for  lunatics,  cal- 
culated to  accommodate  between  20  and 
.^o  patients,  in  feparate  rooms  or  cells. 
The  houle  is  neatly  kept,  and  the  pa- 
tients well  attended  ;  but  convalefccnts 
have  not  fufficient  room  for  free  air  and 
exercife  without  making  their  efcape. 
Not  far  from  the  fquare  ftood  the  gov- 
ernor's houie,  or  palace,  as  it  was  called. 
Tl:is  was  burnt  during  the  war,  while 
it  was  occupied  as  an  American  hofpital. 
Tl;e  houfe  of  the  preiident  of  the  col- 
lege, occupied  alio  as  an  hofpital  by  the 
French  army,  (hared  the  lame  fate.  I'hls 
has  (ince  been  rebuilt  at  the  expcnfe  cf 
the  French  government.  In  the  capitol 
is  a  larj-c  niarLIc  ftatue,  of  Narbone 
Berkley,  Lord  Hotetourt,  a  man  diftin- 
guiflied  for  his  love  cf  piety,  literature, 
and  good  government,  and  formerly 
governor  ot  V  irj;inia.  It  was  ercfted  at 
the  expenfe  of  tne  State,  fome  time  fince 
thf  year  1 77I;  Tiie  caintol  is  little  bet- 
ter th;m  in  ruins,  and  this  elegant  ftatue 
is  oxpofcd  to  the  rurtentfs  of  negroes 
and  boys,  and  is  IharnefuUy  defaced. 
A  late  acl  of  the  aiTeuibiy  authoriie.s  the 
jjulling  down  one  half  of  this  building, 
to  deiray  die  charge  of  keeping  the  oth- 


er half  in  repair.  The  college  of  W:l. 
li^m  and  Mary  fixed  here,  was  Ibmuied 
in  the  time  of  king  William  ar,d  queen 
Mary,  who  granted  to  it  ao.oro  acres  of 
land,  and  a  penny  a  pound  dutv  on  cer- 
tain tobaccoes  exported  from  Virginia 
and  Maryland,  which  had  been  levied  by 
the  ftatute  of  25  Car.  a.  The  airembly 
alio  gave  it,  by  temporary  law?,  a  duty 
on  liquors  Imported,  and  fltins  and  furs 
exported.  From  tliefe  ref  )i.irces  it  re- 
ceived upwards  of  .i.oool.  The  build- 
ings are  of  brick,  fufficient  k .  an  indif- 
ferent accommociation  of  .erhaps  ico 
ftudents.  By  its  charter,  it  w  is  to  bi 
under  the  government  of  30  vilitor';, 
who  were  to  be  its  legiflators,  and  to 
have  a  prefident  and  fix  profefibrs,  v/ho 
were  incorporated.  It  wa^  Hllnwed  a 
reprefcutativo  in  the  geneial  aflcmbly. 
Under  this  charter,  a  profeflbrfhip  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  languages,  a  profeflbr- 
Ihip  of  mathematics,  one  ci'  moral  phi- 
lolophy,  and  two  of  divinity,  were  ef- 
tabliilied.  To  thefe,  were  annexed,  for 
a  fixth  profelTorfhip,  a  coniiderabie  do- 
nadon  by  a  Mr.  Boyle  of  England,  for 
the  inftrudion  of  the  Indians,  and  their 
converfion  to  Chriftianity.  This  was 
called  the  proiellbrlhip  of  Brafferton, 
fror ;  an  eftate  of  that  name  in  England, 
purchafed  '"ith  the  njonies  given.  A 
couvt  of  admiralty  (its  here  v/henevor 
a  controverfy  ariies.  It  is  ta  miles  E. 
of  YorkT'own,  60  E.  of  Uichmond,  48 
N.VV.  of  Norfolk,  and  3^8  S.  S.  VV.  of 
Philadelpi.i. 

I-eaft  heat  here,        C°  o' 
Mean  heat,  60  8 

Greateft  heat,  98  o 

N.  lat.  ^7  16,  weft  long.  76  48. 

Williams  PORT,  a  poft-vown  of 
Maryland,  Walhington  co.  on  the  N. 
iide  of  Patowmack  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Conegochcaguc  Creek,  8  miles  i^.  of 
the  Pennfylvania  line,  6  fouth-weft  oi 
Hagarftown,37  N.  by  E.ofWinclicfter, 
in  Virginia,  zK  fiuth  by  wt  P:  of  Cha.n- 
berfburg,  in  Pennlylvania,  and  15;  V''. 
by  S.  ot  Philadelphia. 

Williamson,  a  townlhip  of  Ne'.v- 
York,  Onurio  co.  In  1 796,  there  wore 
14  i  of  its  inhabitants  elclors. 

William  STOW  N,  a '.ownlnip  of  Ver- 
mont, Orange  co.  on  the  heii;lit  of  la'ul 
l>etwecn  Conrecl-icut  river  and  Lak,: 
Champlain,  about  4?  nn l.'s  *ium  thi; 
former,  and  50  fruni  tlio  !a'ter.    It 


IS 


bormded  eaftwaid  by  V\''ai!iirgton,  and 
wa'tv/ard  by  Kcrth;:sld,  and  contain^ 


i/.'i 


W  I  L 

146  inhabitants.  Stephen^s  Rtanch,  a 
llream  which  runs  N.  to  Onion  river, 
riles  in  thistownfhip, 

WiLLiAMSTOWN,  3,  moiint:ii»,ous 
townfliip  of  MnfTachuletts,  in  rhc  north- 
Wfft  corner  of  the  State,  and  in  Berk- 
ihire  co.  containing  1769  inhabitants. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Hoofack  and  Green 
riveis,  the  former  of  v/hich  k  here  8 
rods  wide.  On  tliefe  Itreams  are  4 
grill-mills,  3  iaw-miils,  and  a  fnliioi^- 
niill.  The  main  county  road  pafies 
through  it.  Colonel  Ephraim  Williams 
laid  the  toiitidation  of  an  academy  ff^v 
eral  years  lince,  and  endowed  it  by  a 
bindfome  donation  of  lands.  In  1790, 
partly  by  lottery,  anr*.  partly  by  the  lib- 
eral donation  of  gentlemen  m  tne  town, 
a  brick  edifice  was  erected,  8a  feet  by 
43,  and  four  ftories  high,  containing  ?.4 
rooms  for  ftudents,  a  large  fchool-room, 
a  dining-hall,  and  a  room  for  public 
I'peaking.  In  1793,  this  academy  was 
eredted  mto  a  college,  by  an  adl  of  the 
legiflature,  by  the  name  of  Willinms' 
College,  in  honour  to  its  liberal  found- 
er. 1']ie  languages  and  Iciences  ufual- 
ly  taught  in  the  Amei'f'an  ooliegcs  are 
taught  her'c.  Board,  tuicion  and  other 
expenfes  of  education  are  very  low ;  and 
from  its  fituation  and  other  circuinftan- 
ces,  it  is  likely,  in  a  fliort  time,  to  be- 
coiiie  an  inftitution  of  great  utihty  and 
importance.  The  firft  public  commence- 
ment was  held  at  this  college  in  Sep- 
tember, 1795.  In  1796,  the  leij,in,itiirj 
granted  a  townlliips  of  land  to  Williams' 
College.  Therewere,  in  1796, 101  ftu- 
dents ui  the  four  clafTcs  in  this  college, 
befides  30  pupils  in  the  academy  con- 
nected with  the  college.  A  company 
was  incorporated  the  year  abovemen- 
tioned,  to  bring  water  in  pipes  into  the 
town  ftreet.  It  is  58  miles  north  c" 
Lenox,  and  150  north-welterly  of  Bol- 
ton. 

WiLLiAMSTOvvN,  a  poil-town  and 
the  capital  of  Martin  co.  N.  Carolina, 
is  fituated  on  Roanoke  river,  and  con- 
tains but  few  lioulls,  befides  the  court- 
houle  and  gaol.  It  is  75  miles  from 
Biountfville,  14  from  Plymouth,  5.7  from 
Halifax,  and  44.^  from  Philadelphia. 

WiLLiMANTic,  a  fmali  river  of 
Connedticut,  which  runs  a  fouth-caft 
c.ourfe.and  uniting  v.'ith  Natchaug  river, 
forms  the  Shetuckct  at  \Vindham. 

WlLMNilOROUGK,     K    tOWnfllip     of 

Kew-Jt;rfey,  -ituated  in  Darlington  co. 
00  Ddawarc  river,  about  14  miles  from 


W  I  L 

;  Pi\il,iddlph!a.  It  has  generally  a  thin 
foil,  but  confidcrublc  quantities  of  fruits 
and  vecet;iblci  are  railed  here  for  the 
Philadelphia  market. 

WiLLiNOToN,  a  townfliip  of  Con- 
nedticut,  in  Tolland  co.  6  miles  eall  of 
'J'olland,  and  35  nordi-eafterly  of  Hart- 
ford, and  wa-.  fettled  in  17 19.  Tha 
lands  are  rough  and  hilly.  The  eartli- 
qiiakeonlabb.ith  evening,  Odt. 29,1 7  27, 
was  kverely  Icit  in  this  town. 

Willis,  a  townlhip  in  Chellor  co. 
Pcnnfylvania. 

Willis  Creek,  in  Maryland,  fills  in- 
to the  PatowmaLk  tiom  the  north  at 
F.xt  Cnmbeilaiid. 

Willis  Ijluihl,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  0~ 
cean,  is  near  tlic  rort'i-wflt  end  of 
Suuth  Georgia,  and  has  15ird  liland  to 
the  north  of  it.    ij.  lat.  ^4,  welt  long, 

WiLLrsTON,  a  tnwnfhip  of  Vermont, 
in  Chittenden  co.  joins  Burlington  on 
the  north -welt.  It  contains  471  inhab- 
itants< 

WiLLOuGHRV  i?^v,  near  the  fouth- 
eaft  par'  ut  the  iliand  of  Antigua,  \n 
the  Weft-lndies.  It  is  well  fortified. 
Bridgetown  lies  on  its  north-eaftern  fide, 
in  iJt.  Philips'  parifh,  and  is  defended  by 
Fort  William. 

WiLLOUGHBY  I.akr,  in  Vermont,  In 
the  townihip  of  Wci>.nn)re.  It  is  about 
6  miles  long  and  one  broad,  and  fendy 
a  llream  which  runs  northward  and  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Memphremagug,  in  the 
townfhip  or  Salem.  This  lake  furniHi-. 
es  filh  refenibling  b^ls,  of  an  excellent 
flavour, weighing  fn>m  10  to  30  pounds. 
People  travel  7,0  miles  to  this  lake  to 
procure  a  winter's  llock  of  this  filh. 

WiLLSROROUGH,  a  ncw fettled  town- 
lhip in  Clinton  co.  New- York  ;  bound- 
ed on  the  fi)ath  by  the  town  of  Crown- 
Point,  on  the  north  by  the  fouth  line  of 
a  patent,  which  including  the  river  Au 
Sable  dt  its  mouth,  continuing  weftward 
to  Ti\at  part  of  the  county  of  Mont.. 
gcr.ierV;  now  called  Hcrkemer  county. 
It  contained  375  inhabit;intsin  1790.  In 
1:96,  there  v/ere  160  of  the  inhabitants 
tledlors.  It  is  a  tine  champaign,  fer- 
tile country,  inhabited  by  a  number  of 
indudrious,  thriving  liirmers.  Its  culti- 
vation has  i.'cen  rapidly  advancinj^.  la 
this  town  is  a  remarkable  Split  Rock, 
which  is  a  I'mall  point  of  a  mountun 
proje.'ting  about  50  yards  into  the  neigh- 
bouiing  lake.  This  disjoined  point  has, 
honi  the  appearance  uf  the  oppoiite 

fides, 


>'' 


■^  ' 


W  I  L 


W  I  L 


fiihtf  and  their  exaft  ftnefs  for  each 
j.)ther,  doubtlefs  been  rent  from  the  main 
lock,  by  fome  violent  Ihock  of  nature. 
It  is  removed  about  »o  feet,  and  has  on 
its  point,  H  f\irface  of  nearly  half  an  a- 
cre,  which  has  fufficienrv  of  foil,  and  is 
covered  with  wood.  The  height  ot 
the  rock  on  each  fide  of  the  liflure  is  a- 
fcout  14  feet.  The  river  lioquet  runr- 
through  this  town  a  coniiderable  dift- 
ancc,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  a  miles, 
where  there  aie  falls  and  mills.  This 
town  was  partly  fettled  before  the  year 
17-7?.  It  commands  abeautiliii  view  of 
the  lake,  and  lies  ai4  miles  north  of 
Mew- York  city. 

W/i,i.s  Cove,  on  the  north-eaft  fide 
oi  the  irthmus  of  the  illand  of  St.  Kitts, 
in  the  Weil-Indies,  to  the  cattward 
ibutherly  from  North  Friar  aiid  liittle 
Friar  Bays. 

W 1 M.  s  Cred ,  or  CaL-uffud,  a  br  inch 
of  Patovvmack  river,  is  30  or  4c  yards 
wide  at. its  mouth,  where  Fort  Cumber- 
land  ftood.  It  affords  no  navigation  as 
yet,  and  run-';  a  fliort  courfe  foutherly. 
it  is  a8i  miles  north-weiV  of  Williamf- 
burj5, 171  from  Frederirkfburg,  and  173 
E.  by  N.  of  Alexandria. 

W'lLi.s-TowN,  an  ladian  village  on 
the  N.  E.  bank  of  Muflcingum  river,  45 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  117  fouth- 
wellerly  from  Pittfburg,  by  the  Indi^q 
i)ath  through  the  Indian  town. 

VVi  L  M  A  N  T  o  N ,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  llandson  Wa]]kill,betweeBNew- 
buig  and  New-Brunfwick. 

Wilmington,  one  of  the  eaftern 
maritime  diftrids  of  N.  Carolina ; 
hounded  northeaft  by  Nf*wbern  dif- 
triiil,  fouth-eaft  by  the  Atlantic  O- 
cean  ;  fouth-weft  by  S.  Carolina ;  and 
«orth-v  ell  by  Fayette.  It  comprehends 
the  counties  of  Brunfwick,  New-Hano- 
v.er,  Onfl«w,  Duplin,  and  Bladen.  It 
contains  16,035  inhabitants  5  of  whom 
10,056  are  (laves. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  of  N.  Carolina,  capital  of  the 
iibove  diftriv^t,  is  fituated  on  tJie  eaft  lide 
of  the  eaftern  branch  of  Cape  Fear  or 
Clarendon  river ;  34  miles  fronn  the  fea, 
and  loofouthward  of  Newbern.  The 
courfe  of  the  river,  as  it  pafles  by  the 
town,  is  nearly  from  north  to  fouth,  and 
the  breadth  1^0  yards.  Oppofite  the 
town  are  two  ifl-rnds  extending  with  the 
courfe  of  the  river,  and  dividing  it  into 
three  channels :  they  afford  the  fincft 
rice  fields  in  N.  Caro'iua.    The  town 


'  is  regularly  built,  and  contains  about 
a5o  houfes,  a  handfome  Epifcopai 
church,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  Havr 
ing  fuffered  nuicii  by  two  fires,  one- 
hjurth  of  the  town,  vs^hich  has  been  re- 
built,  is  of  brick.  Itr.  markets  are  well 
fupplied  with  fifli,  and  all  manner  of 
provifions.  A  confiderable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  to  the  Well-India  Iflands  and 
the  adjacent  States.  'Ihe  exports  for  one 
year,  ending  the  30th  of  Sc^t.  1794, 
amounted  to  133,534  dollars.  Thofe 
of  ill  the  other  ports  of  the  State,  a- 
mounted  only  to  177,598  dollars.  Itis 
90  miles  fouth-eall  of  Fayettcville,  191 
fouth-fouth-wefl  of  Edenton,  198  north- 
eaft of  Charleilon,  S.  Carolina,  and  600 
fouth-fouth-wett  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  34  II,  W.  long.  78  15. 

Wilmington,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Windham  cu.  containing  645 
inhabitants,  who  are  chiefly  wealthy  far- 
mers. Jt  lies  on  Deerfield  river,  oti 
the  eaft  lide  of  the  Green  Mountain,  on 
the  high-road  from  Bennington  to  Brat- 
tleboroiigh,  about  lo  miles  from  each. 
Confiderable  quantities  of  mapl;  fugar 
are  made  in  it;  fome  fanners  mak« 
loco  or  1400  pounds  a  fealbn.  The 
Hayrack,  in  the  north-weft  corner  of 
this  townlhip,  is  among  the  higheft  of 
the  range  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It 
has  a  pond  near  the  top  of  it,  about  half 
a  mile  i"  length,  round  which  deer  and 
raooie  are  found. 

Wilmington,  a  townfhip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  16  mile? 
from  Bolion.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1730,  and  contains  710  inhabitants. 
Hops,  in  great  quantities,  are  laifed  in 
tljis  town. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  and 
the  moft  confiderable  town  in  the  State. 
It  ttands  in  Newcaftle  co.  on  the  north 
lide  of  Chriftiana  Creek,  between  Chrif- 
tiana  and  Brandywine  creeks,  which  at 
this  place  are  about  a  mile  diftant 
from  each  other,  but  uniting  below  the 
town,  they  join  the  Delaware  in  one 
ftream,  400  yards  wide  at  the  mouth. 
The  i'cite  of  the  principal  part  of  the 
town  is  on  the  fouth-weft  fide  of  a  hill, 
which  rifes  109  feet  above  the  tide,  % 
miles  from  Delaware  river,  and  a8  fouth- 
weft  fi"oni  Philadelphia.  On  the  north- 
eafl  fide  of  the  fame  hill,  on  the  Bran- 
dywine, there  are  13  mills  for  grain,  and 
alxmt  40  neat  dwelling-houfcj,  whioh 
form  a  beautiful  appendage  to  the  tf  wn. 

Ihe 


■VI 


W  I  M 

The  Chrrftiana  admits  vefltls  of  14  feet 
draught  of  water  to  the  town ;  and 
thofe  of  6  feet  draught,  8  miles  further, 
where  the  navigation  ends }  and  the 
Brandywine  admits  thofe  of  7  feet 
draught  to  the  mills.  The  town  is  reg- 
ularly laid  out  in  fquares  {iMihir  to  Phu- 
adelphi'a,  and  contains  upwards  of  600 
houfesy  mollly  ofSrick,  and  3,000  in- 
habitants. It  has  6  places  of  public 
worihjp,  viz.  4  for  Prefijyterians,  i  for 
Swedilh  Epilbopalians,  i  for  Friends, 
t  for  Baptifts,  and  i  for  Method- 
ifls.  Here  are  two  market-houfes,  a 
poor-houfe,  which  ftands  on  the  well 
lide  of  the  town,  and  is  lao  feet  by  40,. 
built  of  ftone,  and  3  ftorijL's  High,  for  tlie 
reception  of  the  paupers  of  Newci^ftle  co. 
There  is  another  uone  building  which 
vas  iifed  Hs  an  academy,  and  was  fup- 
ported  for  fome  time  with  confiderable 
reputation,  but  by  a  defeft  in  the  con- 
ftitution  of  tlie  feminary,  or  fome  oth- 
er caufe,  it  has,  of  late,  been  entirely 
ncgleiSied  as  a  place  of  tuition.  There 
are,  however,  nearly  300  children  in  the 
different  fchools  in  town.  About  tlie 
year  1736,  the  firft  houfes  were  built  at 
this  place ;  and  the  town  was  incorpo- 
rated a  few  years  afterwards.  Its  offi- 
cers are  two  burgefl'es,  6  alTittants,  and 
two  conftables,  ali  cf  whom  are  annually 
chofen.  For  other  particulars,  fe.°  I)e/a- 
ivare.   N.lat.  3943  18,  W. long.       \i. 

WiLMOT,  a  townfliip  of  Nov 
tia,  Annapolis  co.  fettled  fromi  Irti. 
and  New-]^ogland. 

WiLsoNViLLE,  a  town  of  ?ennfyl- 
vania,  newly  laid  out  on  the  Walenpa- 
p.eck,  at  its  jundion  with  the  Lexawac- 
i"ein,  no  miles  north  of  Philadelphia, 
Here  are  already  ereiftcd  14  houles,  a 
law  and  grill  null,  and  a  large  building 
for  manutiduring  fail-cloth.  The  creek 
heie  falls  upwards  of  300  feet,  fome  lay 
500,  in  the  Ipacc  of  a  mile  ;  for  1 7  miles 
above  the  falls  tlie  creek  has  a  gentle 
current. 

Wilton,  a  village  of  CKarlefton  dif- 
widl,  S.  Carolina;  fituated  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Edifto  river,  17  miles  fouth-wdl 
of  Charlefton. 

Wilton,  atownfhip  of  New^Hamp- 
fhlre,  Hillfijorough  co.  S.  W.  of  Am- 
heril,  adjoining,  about  70  miles  wefler- 
ly  of  Portfniouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  176a,  and  contains»iio5  inhabitants. 

WiMACOMACK,  a  village  of  New- 
Vork,  in  Suffolk  co.  Long-Ifland ;  6 
itules  weA  by  fouth  of  Smithtuwn,  aod 


N.  E.  of  Huntingdon,  and  44  E.  by  N.* 
of  New-York  city.  : 

VViNCHLLSEA,  an  ifland  in  the  S- 
Pacific  Ocean  which  appears- like  threti 
iflands.  It  is  about  30  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  .^ir  Charles  Hardy's  Ifland. 

Win  CHUN  PON,  a  polt-town  of  Maf- 
fadu'^etts,  in  Worcefter  co.  7  miles  Nv 
of  Gardner,  35  norih-wellerly  of  Wor- 
cefter, 60  nortJvweft  by  weft  of  Bofton, 
and  370  nopth-eail  of  Philadelphia. 
'Ihis  townlhip  was  formerly  called  Jpf- 
•wicft  Canada,  until  it  -was  incorporated, 
in  1764.  It  is  on  Miller's  river,  and 
contains  9/;p  inhabiunts. .  This  place 
was  vilited  by  a  dreadful  tornado,  onr 
the  aill  ofO^ober,  1795,  which  did 
confiderable  damage. 

Winchester,  a  townfliip  of  Conv 
nedticut,  in  Litchfcld  co.  about  la  or 
15  miles  north  of  LitcLfield. 

WiNCHtsTER,  a  townfliip  of  New-, 
Ilamprture,  in  Cheihire  co.  eaft  of  Hinf- 
dale  and  Fort  Duminer,  adjoining.  It  !»■ 
1 10 miles  from  Portihiouth,and  contains' 
iao9  inhal^tants»- 

Winchester,  tHe  chief  town  of^ 
Clarke  county,  Kentucky. 

Winchester,  or  Fredi'ricktoi.vfU  a 
poft-town  of  Virginia,  and  the  capital 
'  i  Frederick  co.  It  is  fituated  near 
tlic  head  of  Opeckon  Creek,  which- 
empties  into  i'atowmack  river;  about 
3i>  miles  from  the  celebrated  palfage  of 
the  Patowiuack  t  hrough  tlie  Blue  R  idgc. 
!•  ;s  a  hni  iionie  Ipuriihin^f  '1  .n,  tand-, 
ir.g  \i\  a  low  ani  broken  j>^i  lund,  and 
lus  ..  li limber  of  -efpt-.i.ible  buiklincjp;v 
among  wliith  are  a,  c<^  rt-houfe,  gaol,  a 
Prefljyteriaii,  an  Epifcupalian,  a  Meth- 
odift,a.ndanew  Roman  Cith  ic church. 
The  dwelHngrhoi  if-'s  ;re  anour  ,5jo  ifT; 
number,  fcveral  which  are  built  ot 
flone.  Itisaco',  oration,  and  contain^ 
nearly  9.,coo  inhabitants.  It  was  for- 
merly fortified  ;  but  the  works  are  now 
in  ruins.  It  is  50  mik-  E.  by  S.  of 
Romney,  100  N.  !^.  !  \.  of  St:lunton»- 
no  weil-north-wtl:  Alexandria,  iSo 
north-well  of  Richmond,  and  19a  from 
Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  391730,  welt 
long.  78  39. 

Wind  Gflfi,  a  pafs  in  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains in  Pennfylvania  ;-  about  9  miles  S. 
W.  of  Penn's  Fort.  Although  100  feet 
higher  than  the  prefent  bed  of  the  Del- 
aware, it  is  thought  to  have  been  fi)r- 
merly  part  of  die  bed  of  tliat  river.  The 
Wind  Gap  is  a  mile  broad,  and  the 
ftones  on  it  fuch  as  fecm  to  have  beeiv 

waflied 


W  I  N 


W  I  N 


•w'afhed  for  ijges  by  water  running  oter 
them. 

Windham,  a  county  in  the  fouth- 
eaft  corner  of  Vermont ;  having  the 
State  of  Muflachufctts,  fouth,  and  Con- 
nedicut  river  eult,  which  divides  it  from 
New-Hani'  'hire.  It  contains  ia  town- 
Ihips,  anv.  17,69:!  inhabitants.  Chief 
town?,  Newfane  and  Putney. 

Windham,  a  county  in  the  north- 
eaU  corner  of  Conneflicut,  having  the 
State  of  MafTachuietts  north,  and  the 
State  of  Rhode-Ifland  ealh  It  contains 
13  townfhips,  and  18,921  inhabitants, 
inchidinj;  184  flaves.  Chief  town, 
Windham. 

"U'lNDHAM,  the  capital  of  the  above 
comity,  and  a  poll -town,  is  fituated  on 
ShetnciiGt  river,  iz  mile-,  north  bv  welt 
of  Norwich,  and  31  caft  of  Hartford. 
It  contains  between  60  and  70  compai.^t 
Iioulcs,  a  court-houle,  gaol,  an  academy, 
and  a  Congregational  church.  It  is  253 
miles  from  Philadelphia.  The  river 
Willimantlck  from  the  north-weft,  and 
Natcliaug  from  the  north,  meet  in  the 
north-wefterly  part  of  the  townfhip,  and 
form  the  Shetucket,  a  pleafant  river,  af- 
ibrdincj  plenty  of  fiih,  particularly  fal- 
mon,  at  fonie  feaions  of  the  year.  1'he 
towndiip  Wcis  fetded  from  Norwich,  in 
1686,  and  was  incorporated  in  1702. 

Windham,  a  townfhip  of  Ncw- 
llan:pfhire,  Rockingham  co.  is  about  25 
miles  foiith-weit  of  Kxeter,  and  40  from 
I'ortfinoiith.  It  contains  663  inhabitants. 

W'lNDHAM,  a  townfhip  of  the  Dif- 
tridt  of  Maine,  Cumberland  co.  134 
miles  N,  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  i-62,andcontains9  iSinhabitunts. 

Windsor,  a  townfliip  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  in  Hants  co.  near  the  river  St. 
Cioix,  which  empties  into  the  Avon. 
The  rivers  Kenetcoot  ani  Cocmignen 
Cfb  called  by  the  Indians)  run  thiough 
this  toM'nll)ip  and  empty  into  the  Avon. 
On  thcfc  rivers  are  flourifliing  fettle- 
ments  and  fertile  land.  Lime-ftone  and 
plailfer  of  Paris" are  found  here.  Th; 
lake  Poniwock  (fo  called  by  the  Indian- } 
hes  between  the  head  of  St.  Margaret's 
Bay  and  the  nain  road  from  Halifax  to 
Windfor  ;  the  great  lake  of  Shuhei. 
cadie  lies  on  the  eafl  fide  of  this  10;,  J, 
about  7  miles  from  it,  and  21  from  IIhI- 
ifax. 

WiNPsoR,  a  county  of  Vermont, 
bounded  north  by  Orange,  fcuih  by 
Windhim,  onil:  by  Connei'licut  river, 
and  well  by  Rutland  and  part  of  Addi- 


fon  CO.  It  contains  aa  townfhips,  and 
15,748  inhabitants. 

Windsor,  a  poft-town  of  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  the  above  co.  is  fituated 
on  the  weft  bank  of  Connedicut  river, 
18  miles  north  by  weft  of  Charleftown, 
in  New-Hamplhire,  45  E.  by  S.  of  Rut- 
land, 8o  miles  N.  E.  of  Bennington, 
and  25  j  from  Philadelphia.  The  town- 
ihip  cont  ins  1452  inhabitants.  This, 
with  Rutland,  is  alternately  the  feat  of 
the  State  legiflature. 

Windsor,  a  hilly  townfhip  ofMaf- 
fachufetts,  in  Berklhire  co.  20  mile" 
north-north-weft  of  Lenox,  and  136 
weft  by  north  of  Bofton.  The  coun- 
ty  road  to  Northampton  paffes 
through  it,  alfo  the  road  from  Piitsfield 
to  Dceriield.  It  gives  rife  to  Houfri- 
tonick  and  Weftfield  rivers,  on  whicli 
are  four  faw-mills  and  2  corn-mills.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1771,  and  contains 
916  Inhabitants.  In  the  gore,  adjoinin;.; 
Adams  and  Windibr,  are  425  inhabit- 
ants. 

Windsor,  a  confidcrable  and  very 
plisafant  town  of  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, on  the  weft  fide  of  Connedlicut 
river,  aboiit  7  miles  northerly  of  Hart- 
ford. Here  Windfor  Ferry  river,  form- 
ed by  the  jundtion  of  Farmington  and 
Poquabock  rivers,  empties  into  the 
Connedicut  from  the  weft.  Windibr 
Ferr\'  river  divides  the  townfhip  into 
the  upper  and  lov/er  parifhes. 

W1ND6OH,  Eaji.     See  Etrjl  IVhtdfor. 

Windsor,  a  townfliip  of"  New-Jer- 
fey,  Middlefex  co.  containing  2,838  in- 
habitants, including  100  flaves. 

Windsor,  a  townfhip  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  in  York  co. 

Windsor,  a  poft-town  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Bertie  CO.  N.  Carolina;  fituated 
on  Cufhai  river,  and  contains  befides 
a  few  houfes,  a  court-houfe  and  gao). 
It  is  23  miles  weft  by  fouth  of  Edenton, 
1 3  from  Plymouth,  97  from  Halifax, 
and  481  from  Philadelphia. 

Windward  Pajfage,  a  nanje  given 
to  a  courfe  from  the  S.  E.  part  of  the 
Khind  of  Jamaica,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
and  extending  for  160  leagues  to  the  N, 
Ikle  of  Crooked  Ifland  in  the  Bahamas. 
vShips  have  often  failed  through  this  chan- 
nel from  the  north  part  of  it  to  the  ifl- 
and of  Cuba,  or  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
n<»tu'ithftandinB:  tlic  common  Opinion, 
on  account  of  the  current,  which  is  a- 
gainft  it  ;  that  they  keep  the  Bahama 
Ihort  on  bbaui,  and' that  they  meet  the 

v/ind 


wind  io  fummer  for  the  moft  part  of  the 
channel  eafterly,  which  with  a  counter 
current  on  ftiore  pafhes  them  caGly 
through  it. 

Windward  Point,  near  the  eaftern 
fcXtremity  ot  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrilto- 
pher's,  is  the  eaft  point  of  Sandy  Hill 
Bay ;  about  i  miles  to  the  M'eft-north- 
weft  of  St.  Anthony's  Hill  Point. 

Wjnee,  or  B/iick  River,  in  S.  Caro- 
lina, riles  in  Camden  dillriA,  and  hm- 
ning  fouth-eafterly  through  Cheraws  in- 
to Georgetown  diltrifl:^  unites  with  Pe- 
dee  river,  about  3  miles  above  George- 
town. 

WiNHAi.L,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,- 
in  Bennington  co.  about  25  or  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Bciuington.  It  contains  t^s  in- 
habitants. 

WiNNiP'isEOGEE,  3  lake  in  New- 
ilampfhire,  and  tlie  Jargell  colIe<5tion  of 
water  in  the  Slate.    It  is  aj  miles  in 
length  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  and  of  very 
unequal  breadth,  but  no  where  more 
than  8  miles;    Some  very  long  necks 
of  land  projedl  into  it  j  and  it  contains 
feveial  iflands,  large  and  fmall,  and  on 
which  rattle-fnakes  are  common.    It  a- 
bounds  with  filh  from  6  to  ao  poxmds 
weight.  The  mountains  \<^hich  furround 
•it,  give  rife  to  many  fit  earns  which  flow 
into  it  f  and  between  it  and  the  moun- 
tains, are  feveral  kfler  ponds,  which 
communicate  with  it.     Contiguous  to 
this  lake  are  the  townfhips  of  Moulton- 
borough  on  the  N.  W.  Tuftonborough 
ond  Wolfborough  on  the  N.  E.  Mere- 
dith and  Gilraantown  on  the  S.  W.  and 
a  trad  of  land,  called  the  Gorcj  on  the 
S.  E.    From  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  this 
lake,  called  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  to  the 
north-well  part  called  Senter  Harbour, 
there  is  good  navigation  in  the  fummer, 
and  generally  a  good  road  in  the  winter  j 
the  lake  is  frozen  about  3  tTioni.hs  in  the 
year,  and  many  licighs  and  toair  s,  from 
the  circumjacent  tov/ns,  crofs  i:  on  the 
ice.     Sec  jlquedocLton,    Winnipifcogee 
river  convey:;  the  waters  of  the  lake  inlto 
P'jmigcv.allct  river,  through  its  eallern 
bank  at  New-Chefter. 

Win  LAND,  a  country  accidentally 
difcovercd  by Biron  or  Biocn,  aNorraan, 
in  100 1  ;  fuppofcd  to  be  a  part  of  the 
Hlaud  of  Newfoundland.  Tt  Was  again 
vifited,  and  an  intcxcourfe  opened  be- 
tween it  and  Greenliind.  In  ij»j, 
Kric,  bifliop  of  Greenland,  went  to 
Winland  to  recover  and  ctinvert  his 
co«nity<wi>,  who  had  d..gencra«d  into 


tV  t  N 

favages.  This  prelate  never  returned 
to  Greenland ;  nor  was  any  thing  raore 
heard  of  VVinland  for  feveral  centuries. 
WiNi.0CK,or  IVenLd,  a  townfhipof 
Vermont,  in  ElTex  county*  wefl  of  Mine- 
head. 

Winnebago,  a  lake  of  the  N.  W, 
Territory  ;  weft  of  Michigan  Lake," 
and  fouth-weft  of  Bay  Puan,  into  which 
it  fends  its  waters.  It  is  about  15 
miles  long  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  6  wide. 
It  receives  a  large  ftream  from  the 
fouth-weft  called  Crocodile  river; 
Fox  river  enters  it  from  the  weft,  and 
by  it,  through  Ouifconfing  river,  has 
communication  with  Miflllippi  river,  in- 
terrupted by  a  portage  of  only  3  miles. 
The  Centre  of  tlie  lake  lies  in  lat.  about 
43  30  N.  and  long.  88  10  W.  See  Ouif- 
coitjing  and  Fok  Riven. 

W'"iEHAG0ts,  an  Indian  nation  in- 
habiting^; round  the  lake  of  the  fame 
namci  who  can  furnifh  3  or  300  war- 
riors.   Their  town  flands  on  an  ifland  at 
the  E.  end  of  the  lake,  of  about  50 
acres  extent,    and   diftant    from  Bay 
Puan  35  miles,  according  to  the  courfe 
of  the  river.    The  town  contains  about 
50  lioufes,  which  are  ftrongly  built  with 
pallifadcR.     The  land  adjacent  to  the 
lake  is  very  fertile,'  abounding  fponta- 
neoufly  with  grapes,  plums,  and  other 
fi  uit.    Tbe  people  raife  a  great  quanti- 
ty of  Indian  corn,    beans,   pumpkins, 
fquaflies,   melons,  and  tobacco.    The 
lake  abounds  with  fifli,  and  in  the  au- 
tumn or  fall,  with  geefe,ducks,  and  teal  $ 
and  are  very  fat  and  well  flavored  by 
feeding  on    wild  rice,    which  grows 
plentifully  in  thefe  parts.    Mr.  Carver 
thinks  from  the  refuit  of  his  inquiries 
of  the  origin,  language,  and  cuftoms  of 
this  people,  that  they  originally  refided 
in  fome  of  the  provinces  of  l\4exico, 
and  migrated  to  this  country  about  a 
century  ago.    Their  language  is  differ- 
ent from  any  other  yet  diicovered ;  and 
they  converfe  with  other  nations  in  the 
Chippeway  tongue. 

Winnipeg,  or  IVinvc^reck,  a  lake  in 
Upper  Canada,  north-well  of  Lake  Su- 
perior.' It  lies  between  iro  30  and  54 
34  N.  lat.  and  between  ^'5  50  and  99 
30  W.  long.  Itisai7  miles  long,  in« 
chjding  Bai1cefco|5gaTi  or  Play-Green 
Lake,  its  northern  arm  j  and  is  100 
miles  broad  {lom  the  Canadian  Houfe 
on  tlie  E.  lide  to  Sable  river  on  the  welt 
fide.  It  recedes  the  waters  of  a  num- 
ber of  inj^h  iukas  in  every  dire(Jtion," 


,^-|: 


■4' 


W  I  N 

and  exhibits  a  number  of  fniaU  iiles. 
The  lands  on  its  banks  are  Ikid,  by  Car- 
ver and  other  travellers,  to  he  very  fer- 
tile, producing  vail:  quantities  ot  wild 
rice,  and  the  lugar-tree  in  grcnt  plenty. 
Tb'j  climate  is  conlidciabJy  nioro  tem- 
perate here  than  it  is  upon  the  Atlantic 
coad,  10°  farther  fouthward. 

Winnipeg,  Litik,  a  Like  which  Hcs 
■\vcit  of  the  forrnct,  and  ha?  cnnmiuni- 
catioD  with  Lake  Miniluba,  cm  the  S. 
which  lalt  fends  the  v/aicrs  of  both  into 
Winnipeg  Lake,  in  ;in  E.  N.  E.  courfc. 
It  is  So  miles  long  and  i.i;  broad.  Fort 
Dauphin  \%  fcatcd  on  a  lake  contijjuous, 
on  the  welt,  whole  waters  empty  into 
this  lake.  Dauphin  Fort  lies  in  lat.  ^  i 
46  N.  and  long.  100  54  W. 

Winnipeg  iJmv,  runs  north-weR 
into  the  lake  of  its  name.  It  is  tlie  out- 
let of  the  waters  of  a  vaft  chain  of  lakes ; 
the  chief  of  which  are  La  Plue  and  Lake 
ef  the  Woods.  The  hit.  of  the  Provi- 
lion  Store,,  at  the  bottom  ©f  the  river,  is 
30  .^3  12  N. 

WiN-NSTiOROUGii,  2  poft-towH,  and 
the  cai)ital  of  Fairfield  co.  S.  Carolina; 
iituated  on  a  branch  of  Wateree  Creek, 
which  empties  into  tlve  river  of  that 
name.  Here  arc  about  25  houfcs,  a 
handfonie  court-houle,  a  gaol,  and  a  col- 
lege called  Mount  Zion  college,  which 
is  liipported  by  a  refpe^able  ibciety  of 
gentlemen,  and  has  been  long  incorpo- 
rated. The  inllitution  flomiiliies,^  and 
bids  fair  for  ulcfuhTifs.  It  is  30  miles 
north-north- weft  of  Columbia,  13©  from 
Charleiton,  and  708  from  Philadelphia. 
WiNSLOw,  a  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
tricl  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  Iituated  on 
Kcnnebcck  river ;  18  miles  north  of 
Hairingion.  Fort  Halifax  was  built  at 
this  place  in  17,54,  on  the  point  of  land 
at  the  confluence  of  Seballicook  and 
Kcr.ncbcck  rivers.  This  town  is  88 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  211  in  alike 
diredion  ftom  Boilon,  and  559  from 
Philadelphia,  It  was  incorporated  in 
1 77 T,  and  contained,  in  1 790, 779  inhab- 
itants, and  in  1797,  aboat  ijco. 

WiNTERHAM,  A  placc  in  Amelia  co. 

,  Virginia,     Uluck  lead  is  found  here  ; 

but  no  works  ibr  its  manufaiflure  are  ef- 

tabiiflied  :    thofe  who  want  it  go  and 

procure  it  for  themfelves. 

WiNTHROP,  u  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
tiicl  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  between  An- 
drofcoggin  and  Kenuebeck  rivers,  a- 
bout  10  miles  from  each  ;  5  mile  ealler- 
Ij  of  i^lunnjouth  ;  10  weft  by  fouth  of 


W  O  A 

Hallowell,  now  Harrington  court-houft 
57  nordi  of  Portland,  iR,  tiom  Hofton,' 
and  5  29  from  Philadclplila.   ']"he  town- 
fhip  in  which  it  Hands,  was  incoviK)r,ned 
in  i77i.,.and  contains  1240  inhabitant-: 

^W."^**n'''^  ^^.v,  on  the  north" 
eoalt  ol  the  illand  of  Antigua.  Maiden 
Ifland,  a  fhiall  iilc  ibuth-lbuth-wcll  of 
Long  Illand  is  due  call  of  the  fouth-tall 
point  of  this  i),iy. 

WiNTON,  a.  county  of  OrancebuPir 
difti lit,  S.  Carolina.  ^       ^ 

WiNTON,  a  poil-town  of  North-Car- 
olina,, and  capital  of  Hartford  CO,  on  tl:e 
S.  E.  lidc  of  Chowan  river,  a  fl;w  miles 
below  the  place  where  Meherrin  and 
Nottaway  join  their  waters.  It  lias  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol,  and  a  few  com- 
pad  houlcs.  It  is  1 2  miles  from  Muc- 
freciborough,  15  from  the  Bridge  on 
Bennct's  Crctk,  i  xo  S.  b.  F.of  I'cterf- 
buig,  in  Virginia,  luid  434  from  Phila- 
delphia, 

Win  YAW  Bay^  on  the  coaft  of  South- 
Carolina,  communicates  with  the  ocean 

12  miles  below  Georgetown.  See 
Georgetoimiy  and  Pedee  river. 

WiscAssET,  a  port  of  entrv  and 
poft-town  of  the  Diftrid  of  Mainu, 
Lincoln  co.  on  the  weft  lide  of  Sheepf- 
cut  river,  10  miles  S.  E.  of  New-Mil- 
ford  on  the  E.  lide  of  Kennebcck  river, 

13  noithwell  of  Bath,  56  noith-weft 
of  Portland,  178  N.  E.  by  N.  ot  Bofton, 
525  from  Philadelphia,  and  15 ij  from 
Sunbury  in  Georgia.  It  is  a  part  of 
the  townihii?  ot'  Pownalborough,  and  i<^, 
very  flourilhing.  It  contains  a  congrs- 
gauonal  church,  and  about  120  houfcs. 
Its  navigation  is  greater  in  proportion 
to  its  fize  and  number  of  inhabitants 
than  any  part  of  Mailiichufetts.  A  ga- 
zette is  publifhed  here,  and  tl-vc  county 
courts  are  held  in  it.  Wifcallet  Point 
is  3  leagues  from  Crofs  river.  The  ex- 
ports tor  one  year,  ending  t*he  3cth  of 
Sept.  1794,  amounted  to  23,329  dollars. 

WiTCHARN  i?i7v,  is  within  the  great 
ibund  in  the  Bermudas  IHands,  in  the 
Weft-Indies ;  Iituated  at  the  E.  part  of 
the  bottom  or  S.  part  of  the  Sound,  hav- 
ing two  fniall  illands  at  the  mouth  of  it. 

Wo  A  HOG,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iilcs, 
in  the  North  Pacihc  Ocean,  7  league:^ 
north-weft  of  Morotoi  Ifland.  It  is 
high  land,  and  contains  60,000  inhabit- 
ants ;  and  has  good  anchoring  ground, 
in  hit.  21  43  N.  and  long,  ij/  51  W. 

WoAPANACHKY,  tlic  name  of  thi 
Delaware  nation,  in  their  language. 

WoftURN,. 


i;r  0  o 


woo 


IVoBtrR;!,  a  townfliip  of  MafT.ichu- 
fetts,  in  Midclleitx  co.  lo  miles  north 
of  Bolton.  It  war,  incorporaad  in  1 64  2 
by  the  name  of  ll'oohorn^,  and  was  till 
then  known  by  the  name  of  Ctarh/lo'ivn 
rilla;^e.  It  contains  1777  inhiihitants. 
"VVoLCOTT,  a  townrtiip  of  Vermont, 
in  Orleans  co.  fouth  of  Craft(bury,  con- 
taining 3a  inhabitants.  La  Moille  riv- 
er runs  N.  weltward  tlirough  it. 

Wolf,  a  fmall  boatable  river  of  Ten- 
neffee,  which  runs  wefterly  into  Miili- 
fippi  river,  aixjut  19  miles  fouth  of 
Hatchy  river,  and  55  from  UceUoot. 
It  is  50  yards  wide  fevcral  miles  from 
its  mouth,  which  is  very  near  the  fouth- 
■gi'ell  corner  of  the  !^tate,  in  iat.  35. 

VVoLFBOROUGH,  a  towolli^p  of  Ncw- 
HampOiire,  Strafford  co.  on  the  E.  fide 
of  Winnipifiogcc  Lake,  and  contains 
447  inhabitants^  it  contains  fome  fine 
farms,  and  particularly  that  which  for- 
merly belonged  to  Gov.  Wentworth. 
Wolves  IJlands  lie  near  Campo  Bcl- 
lo  Illand,  on  the  eafternmcft  coaft  of 
the  Dillrid  of  Maine,  Between  tliefc 
the  foundings  are  from  50  to  100  fath- 
onis.  N.  Iat.  44  40,  \v.  long.  66  40. 
From  Grand  Mannan  Ifland  to  Wolves 
Iflands  the  courfe  isN.l-.byN.  3  leagues. 
"WoMELDORF,  a  poll-town  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  Berks  co.  fltuatcd  on  .the 
well  lide  of  a  fmall  III  earn  which  falls 
into  Tulpehockcn  Creek.  It  contains 
about  40  houies,  and  a  German  Luther- 
an and  Calvinill  churcli.  It  is  6.S  miles 
north-weft  of  Philadelphia. 

WoAPO,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Ifl- 
ands, lefs  in  (ize  than  Chrilliaua.  The 
body  of  it  lies  in  Iat.  -9278.  It  bears 
Eortn-wefl  by  well,  about  ao  leagues 
from  Refolution  Bay.  It  was  called 
AJan/s,  by  Capt.  Ingraham ;  and  a 
liiiall  iilancl  to  the  Southward  of  it  he 
called  Lincoln.  Capt.  Roberts  afte\-- 
.vvards  diicovercd  them  and  named  them 
from  his  Ihip  and  fchooner ;  tlic  larger 
j'.jjhlpvi,  and  the  lefier  R^folatijn. 

WooDiJRiDt;!-.,  a  pod-town  of  New- 
Jerfcy,  Rliddlcfex  co.  on  the  grc;'.t  road 
from  New-York  to  Philadelphia,  on  a 
ilream  which  falls  into  Arthur  Kull, 
above  Amboy.  It  is  about  3  nfilcs  N. 
by  weft  of  Amboy,  10  fouth-weftcrlv 
of  Elizabeth-Town,  and_7oN.E.  of  Phil- 
adelphia. The  townfhip  eont,Tli!S  3550 
iniiabitants,  inchf.ling  156  flavv;s. 

WooDURiHGi ,  a  townfiiip  of  Con- 
ne(riiout,  New-Ilaveii  co.  about  7  miles 
jifirtJi-iv.cil  ci'  Mev; -Haven  ciiy> 


'  W06DBURY,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont* 
in  Caledonia  co.  15  or  jo  nulcs  welU 
north-wefl  of  Barnet. 

WooDi5ijRv,  a  pofl-town  of  New- 
Terfey,  and  capital  of  Glouceftcr  co. 
lituatcd  near  a  Imall  lb  cam,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Delaware  belov.'  Red  Bank. 
It  contains  about  80  houfes,  a  handfome 
brick  cu'.irt-houie,  a  Quaker  meeting, 
houfe,  and  an  academy.  Several  of  tiie 
houfes  are  neat  and  handfome.  It  is  9 
milesfouth  of  Philadelphia,  and  1 1  north- 
eall  of  Swedefburg.  Alfo,  the  name  of 
a  townlhip  of  Pennfyivania,  in  Hunting- 
don CO. 

Woodbury,  a  townfliip  of  Connec- 
ticut, in  Litchfield  co.  8  n>iks  fouth  of 
Litchfield.     It  v/ac  fettled  in  .1672. 

Wood Cick-,  a flugfjiih iheam which 
rifcs  in  the  high  lands,  a  little  call  of 
Poit  Edward,  on  Iludfon's  river ;  and 
after  running  a^r  miles,  fails  into  the 
head  of  Lake  Champlaine  at  Skenefbo- 
roueh.  It  has  a  fall  at  its  mouth,  otli- 
erwife  it  is  navigable  for  batteaux  for 
20  milfs  up  to  Fort  Anne. 

Wooi>  Qrcek  runs  wellward,  and 
empties  into  Lake  Oneida.  See  Oneida^ 
Onoiidago,,  and  Mohwd'k  Rhcr, 

Woodford,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
on  Ohio  river,  between  Kentucky  and 
Licking  rivers.  Chief  town,  Vcrlailles- 
VVooDFORD,a  townfliipof  Vermont, 
caft  of  Benninji^ton,  adjoining.  It  con- 
tains 60  inhabitants. 

Wood  IJl^irJ,  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
the  Diftriifl  of  Maine,  5  leagues  north- 
call  of  Cape  Poipoife,  and  fouth-welt 
by  fouih  4  leagues  of  Richman's  Ifland, 
'  Wooai,Lake  of  the,  the  moll  north- 
ern in  tlie  United  States,  is  fo  called 
from  the  large  quantities  of  wood  grow- 
ing on  its  banks  ;  fuch  as  oak,  pine,  fir, 
fpi  uce,  6:c.  This  lake  lies  nearly  eaft 
of  tlu  louth  end  of  Winnipeg  I,ake,  and 
is  llippofcd  to  be  th.e  Iburce  or  conduct- 
or of  one  branch  of  Bourbon  river.  Its 
length  from  call  to  welt  is  laid  to  be 
about  70  miles  ;  and  in  fume  places  it 
is  40  miles  wide.  Odier  accounts  fay 
it  is  36  leagues  in  length.  The  Kilhl- 
tinoe  Indians  encamp  on  its  borders  to 
lilh  and  hunt.  This  lake  is  llie  commu- 
nication between  the  lakes  Winnipeg, 
Bourbon,  and  Lake  Superior. 

Woodstock,  one  of  the  principal 
towns  of  Windfo;-  co.  Vermont.  It  has 
a  court-houfe  and  about  50  dwclling- 
houf?3.  It  lies  north-well  of  Wiud'or., 
acijoinip^,  ;;nd  contains  1605  ir.habii- 

auls. 


i    ■ 


•W 


H 


M^ 


W  0  R 


W  R  E 


ants.  Waterqucchie  river  pafTes  At ough 
llie  centre  of  the  town,  on  the  banks  of 
which  ftand  the  mecting-houle  arid 
court-howfe. 

Woodstolk,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  in  Ulllcr  co.  bounded  eafterly  by 
Kingfton,  Hurley  and  Marbletown,  and 
wefterly  by  Delaware  river.  It  contains 
1025  inhabitants,  including  15  (laves. 
Tn  1796,  according  to  the  State  cenfiis, 
160  of  the  inhabilants  were  qualified 
elfdVors. 

Woodstock,  a  fmall  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  on  theE.lideofPamplico  river. 

Woodstock,  Con.    ^tfijippendix. 

"Woodstock,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, feat  of  juftice  and  capital  in  She- 
nandoah CO.  It  contains  between  60 
and  70  houfes,  a  court-houfe  and  gaol. 
The  inhabitants  are  mollly  Germans 
and  their  ddceiidants.  It  is  i a  miles 
from  Stra/burg,  40  from  Rockingham 
i:ourt-houfe,  and  aiz  Hom  Philadelphia. 

WooDSTOWN,a  poft-town  of  Nevv- 
Jerfey,  Salem  co.  and  contains  about  40 
or  50  houfes.  It  is  12  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Salem,  3  r  nortli  by  weft  of  Bridge- 
town, and  26  S.  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Woody  Foint,  one  of  the  limits  of 
Hope  Bay,  on  the  north-weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  as  Breaker's  is  the  oth- 
er. It  is  ill  about  lat.  jo  N.  arid  long. 
128  weft. 

W  o  o  L  w  I  c  H ,  a  townfhip  of  Gloucef- 
tcr  CO.  New-Jerfey. 

Woolwich,  a  townfliip  of  Lincoln 
CO.  Dii>rid  of  Maine,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Ivenncbeck  river,  S.  of  Pownalborough, 
containing  797  inhabitants. 

WO0N5OK.ET  Fails i  on  Bliieftone 
river,  in  Smithfield  townfliip,  Rhode- 
Illand. 

Worcester,  a  large  and  populous 
county  of  Madachufetts.  It  contains  jo 
townuiips,  s:^  Corgregational  churches, 
5io,a;,6  acres  of  unimproved  land,  and 
3C7»4.iO  under  cultivation,  and  56,807 
inhabitants.  It  is  about  50  miles  in 
length,  from  north  to  fouth,  and  about 
40  in  breadth  ;  bounded  fouth  almoft 
equally  by  the  States  of  Connetflicut  and 
Rhode-Iiland,  and  north  by  the  State  ot 
New-llampfhire.  On  the  eatl  it  is 
bounded  chiefly^  by  Middlcfex  co.  and 
weft  by  Mamplhire  co. 

WoF.cFSTER,  a  poft-town  of  Ma/Iii- 
fiuifetts,  and  capital  of  the  above  coun- 
ty. It  is  the  largeft  inland  town  of  New- 
jngiand,  and  is  iituated  about  45  miles 
\vtii  of  Boiwon,  5  J  ncnh.£;;ft  cf  Spring- 


ficH,  and  499  north-caft  of  Philadel- 
phia.    The   public   buildintts  in  this 
town  arc  two  Congregationarchurche?!, 
a  court-houfe,  and  a  ftrong  ftone  gaol. 
The  inhabitants,  upwards  of  2000  in 
number,  have  a  large  inland  trade,  and 
manufadure  pot  and  pearl  afh,  cotton 
and  linen  goods,  befides  fome  other  ar- 
ticles.   The  compad  part  of  the  town 
contains  about  150  neat  houfes-,  fituatcd 
in  a  healthy  vale,  principally  on  one 
ftrcer.  Printing  in  its  various  branches, 
is  carried  on  very  cxtenlively  in  this 
town  by  Ifaiah  Thomas,  Efq.  who  in 
the  year  1791,  printed  two  editions  of 
the  Bible,  the  one  the  large  royal  quar- 
to, the  firft  of  that  kind  pubrifhed  ia 
America,  the  other  a^  large  folio,  with 
50  copper-plates,  bcHdes  feveral  other 
books  of  confequence.    His  printing  ap- 
paratus conlifts  of  10  printing-preffes^ 
with  types  in  proportion  ;  and  he  is  now 
making  preparations  for  the  printing  of 
Bibles  of  various  fmaller  kinds.    His 
printing  apparatus  is  reckoned  the  larg- 
eft in  America.    This  townfhip,  part  of 
what  was  called  ^linftgamond  by  the 
Indians,  was  incorporated  in  1^84  ;  but 
being  depopulated  by  Indian  lioftilities, 
the  firft  town-meeting  was  held  in  1722. 
It  is  propofed  to  open  a  canal  between 
Providence,  in  Rhiade-Ifland,  and  this 
town.    N.  lat.  4a  23,  W.  long.  71  44. 

Worcester,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  in  Montgomery  county. 

Worcester,  the  fouth.eafternmofl 
CQunty  of  Maryland,  having  Somcrfet 
county  and  Cheiapeak  Bay  on  the  weft, 
Sinepuxent  Bay  on  ths  call,  which  opens 
to  the  N.wVtlantic  Ocean,  and  Acco- 
mac  CO.  in  Virginia,  on  the  fbtith.  It  is 
well  watered  hy  Pocomoke,  Affittigul, 
and  St.  Martin's  river.  It  contains 
ii,64oinhabitants,im-luding3836fl:ives. 
Chief  town,  Snowhill. 

Worcester,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  the  eafternmoit  part  cf  Chit- 
tenden GO.  about  35  miles  eaft  6f  Bur- 
lington. 

WcRTHiNT.TON,  3  poft-town  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  in  Hampfliire  co.  19  miles 
weft  by  north  of  Northampton,  25  ealt 
by  fouth  of  New-Ltbanon,  in  New- 
York  Stare,  1 20  wefterly  of  (Bofton,  and 
289  from  Philadelphia.  It  was  incorpo- 
rate d  in  1768,  and  contains  iii6inhab- 
itants. 

Wruntham,  the  Wolkmoivippoa^e. 
of  the  Indians,  a  confidcvablc  townfhip 
of  Norfolk  CO.  MaiTacimietts,  on  the 

fOfl" 


w  y  o 


W  Y  T 


pqft-road  from  Bofton  to  Providence,  ij 
niiles  fouth-fouth-weit  of  Bofton,  and 
18  north-eall  of  Providf.:iCC,  containing 
1767  inhabitants  ;  formerly  a  pait  of 
Dcaham,  incorporated  in  j66r.  There 
is  a  curious  Ccivern  in  this  town,  called 
iVampotii'j  Rock,  from  an  Indian  family 
of  that  name  who  lived  in  it  for  a  num- 
ber of  year'-.  It  is  about  9  feet  fquare, 
and  8  feet  high,  ieflcning  frum  the  cen- 
tre to  about  4  feet.  It  is  furrounded  by 
broken  rocks,  and  now  ferves  as  a  (hel- 
tcr  for  cattle  and  fhcep,  as  do  feveral 
others  here,  formerly  inhabited  by  In- 
dians. 

Wrightsborough,  a  fmall  fettle- 
pieiH  or  village  on  Little  river,  a  bran;:h 
of  the  Savannah,  about  7.0  miles  from 
Augufta.  It  was  fettled  by  Jofcph 
Mattock,  Efq.  one  of  the  Friends,  who 
named  it  after  Sir  James  Wrii»ht,  then 
governor  of  Georgia,  who  promoted  its 
eftablifliment. 

Wrightstdwn,  in  Buck's  county, 
Pennfylvania,  4  miles  north  of  New- 
town, and  4  weft  of  Delaware  river. 

WuNALACHTiKOS,  a  tribe,  the  f^c- 
ond  in  rank,  fcf  the  Delaware  nation. 

Wvaconda,  a  river  of  Louifiana, 
which  falls  into  the  Miflilippi  34  miles 
below  Riviere  du  Moins^ 

Wyaj-i/sing,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  Luzerne  county. 

Wyai.uxing  Creckt  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  falls  mto  the  Eaft  Branch 
of  Sufquehannah  river  from  the  north- 
eallward,  and  norih-weftward  of  Mel- 
hoppen  Greek,  which  is  zz  miles  fouth- 
caft  of  Tioga  Point. 

Wymoa  Roady  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  a  place  of  anchorage  at  Atooi 
iHand,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands,  in 
jat.  ai  57  north,  and  long.  159  47  weft. 
Jt  is  at  the  fouth-weft  lide,  and  about  6 
miles  from  the  weft  end  of  the  ifland. 
The  ifland  is  about  10  leagues  long,  and 
z$  leagues  northrweft  of  Woahoo  Illand. 

WYONRoXTs,or  H'landats,  an  In- 
dian nation  refiding  near  Fort  Detroit, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Ottawas 
andPutawatimcSjwholchuntinggrounds 
are  about  Lake  Erie.  The  number  of 
warriors,  ao  years  ago,  were,  Wyondotts 
450,  pttayas  400,  Putawatimes  150. 
Another  tribe  of  the  Wyondotts  live 
near  Sanduflty,  among  the  Mohickons 
and  Caghnawagas,  who  together  have 
300  warriors.  At  the  treaty  of  Green- 
ville, in  c^^nfequence  of  lands  ceded  to 
t|ie  Unitc4  States^  the  latter  agreed  to 


pay  them  a  fum  in  hand,  and  in  goods 
to  the  value  ol  1000  dollars  a  year  tor- 
cver. 

WYNTONjthc  chief  town  of  Hert^ 
ford  cour.ty,  i;denton  diftiidi:,  Northt 
Caiolina. 

Wyoming,  a  general  n^mc  former- 
ly given  to  a  trac^  of  countiy  in  Pcnn. 
fylvania,  lituatcd  on  Sufiiuth.mnah  riv- 
er, above  Wilkfbarre.  In  the  year 
17  78,  the  fettlement  which  was  known 
under  this  n.imc,  confifted  of  8  town* 
lliips,  each  contaiqing  5  miles  fquato, 
fettled  from  Conneedciit,  and  origin;il- 
ly  under  its  jurifdi*.'Hon,  and  produced 
great  quantities  of  grain  of  all  forts, 
fruit,  hemp,  flux,  &c.  inhabited  by  aboi!| 
1000  families,  who  had  furnifhed  the 
continentalarniy  with  near  locoloklicrs, 
befides  various  fupplies  of  provifion% 
&c.  In  the  month  of  July,  all  tlicfc 
HouriHiing  fettlements  were  reduced  by 
ihe  Indians  and  taiizs  to  a  fta;c  of  del- 
olation  and  liorror,  almoft  beyend  de- 
fcription.  Sec  iVcfitnor eland.  In  the 
vicinity  of  Wyoming  is  a  bed  of  coal, 
of  the  open  but  ning  kind,  which  gives  z 
very  intenfe  heat.  Wyoming  Falls  lie 
about  a  miles  above  Wilkefliarre,  and  8J 
miles  above  Nantikoke  Falls.  N.  lat. 
41  i4>  W.  long.  75  Si- 

WyoNOKE  Cneki  in  N. Carolina,  lie* 
within  or  about  lat.  36  30  N.  The  char» 
ter  of  Carolina,  in  1664,  extended  the 
bounds  eaflward  as  fiir  as  the  no^h 
end  of  Currituck  Inlet,  upon  a  firaiglit 
line  wefterly  to  this  creek. 

Wythe,  a  county  of  Virginia,  fai4 
to  be  120  miles  in  length,  ana  nearly  50 
in  breadth  ;  bounded  north  by  Kanha« 
way,  and  fouth  by  the  State  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, Its  population  in  1790  was  incUiT 
ded  in  Montgomery  county.  Thers 
are  lead  mines  in  this  county,  on  the 
Great  Kanhaway,  35  miles  from  the 
line  of  N.  Carolina,  which  yield  from 
JO  to  8olt)s.  pure  lead  from  loolbs.  wafh- 
e4  ore,  but  moll  commonly  60  to  ico. 
Two  of  them  are  worked  by  the  pub- 
lie  j  the  beft  of  which  is  ico  yards  un- 
der the  hill ;  and  although  there  are 
not  more  than  30  labourers  generally 
employed,  they  might  employ  ^C'  or  60 
to  advantage.  The  labourers  cultivate 
their  own  corn.  Twenty,  a?,  and  fome- 
timcs  60  tons  of  lead  have  been  cxf  Mint- 
ed from  thefe  mines  in  a  year.  C  lef 
town,  E-vanlh^m.  The  court-houlc  is 
on  the  poft-road  from  Richmond  to 
Danville,  in  Kefltucky,  joi  miles  fr»ai 

thG 


■I 


;i  H 


■«,^ 


X  E  R 

the  former,  ami  .^z^  from  the  latter.  It 
ki  46  miles  from  Montpninery  court- 
h-mfu,  r  ■,  fioiu  A!>inp,il()n,  ami  41:4  from 
Fhil.i  Jtlphia.  A  iJoll-officc  is  kept 
Leri*. 


X 


XAOUA,  a  Imrbour  on  tiie  S.  E. 
corilt  ot  the  idand  of  Cul>a,  and  one 
of  the  iincltpoits  in  the  Weft-Indies. 
It  lies  between  the  Ifiands  ot  Pines,  or 
rinet'.,  and  Sijiiilo  ^antn. 

X  A 1 N  1  h  3 ,  b  4  N  T  o  s ,  or  yl//  Sauits  IJl- 
ands,  fo  named  from  thc-iv  being  difcov- 
ercd  on  that  Holy  Day,  by  the  Span- 
iard>,  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  the  iflatid  of 
/Cianduloupe,  and  in  its  jurildi<ft,itiii. 
The  moll  wel^erly  of  thefe  three  iOes 
is  called  Teire  de  Bas,  or  the  Low 
llland,  and  the  molt  eailerly  Terre  de 
JIaut,  oi-  the  High  Ifland.  The  third, 
which  lies  e.'-ca(itly  in  the  mjdille  be- 
tween the  other  two,  is  little  other  than 
a  barren  rock,  and  helps  to  form  a  very 
good  harbour. 

Xalisco,  a  province  of  New-Spain, 
.ami  the  moil  fouthtrly  on  the  coalt  of 
Guadalajara  audience-  It  is  bounded  S, 
and  VV.  by  the  South  Sea  ;  e.ilt  by  Gua- 
<iaia3ara  IVopcr,  and  Meclioacan,  and 
divided  from  ChiAmetlan,  on  the  N.  by 
a  narrow  flip  of  land  belonging  to  Gua- 
dalajara, extending  into  the  lea.  It  is 
net  above  ijo  miles  in  extent  either 
way.  It  has  filver  mines,  and  abounds 
with  Indian  wheat,  but  has  few  cattle. 
I'he  oil  of  the  Infernal  Fig-tree,  as  the 
Spaniards  call  ii,  is  brought  from  this 
province.  Jt  is  laid  to  be  efficacious  in 
■diiToIving  tumors,  expelling  of  wind, 
and  all  c^ld  humours,  by  anointing  the 
belly,  and  taking  a  few  drops  of  it  in  a 
glals  of  wiae,  as  a'.fo  by  clyllers.  It  is 
iillo  faid  to  cure  ulcers  in  the^ead,.ind 
deafnefs.  The  Indians  arc  numerous 
here,  and  are  reckoned  braver  and  more 
polite  than  their  neighbouring  country- 
men. The  Xalilco,  an  ancient  city,  is 
the  capital,  yet  the  moil  coniiderable 
pliioe  in  it  is  Compoftella. 

Xarayes,  LagHi'ade  losy  a  large  lake 
of  Paraguay,  m  s.  America,  formed  by 
♦he  river  Paraguay,  in  its  courl'e  froa. 
north  to  fouth. 

Xerts  de  la  Fr  outer  a,  a  town  in  the 
jbuthcrnmoll  part  of  Zacatecas,  a  prov- 
ince of  Guadalajara  audience,  in  New 


T  A  G 

Spain,  in  N.  America.  _  It  Is  jarrifoned 
for  dclending  the  mines  againlt  tlie 
hoUilc  Indians^ 


YABAQUE,  one  of  the  Lucayns  or 
liahiima  Klands,  lituated  Ibuth-wcll 
Oft  Mtguana  Ifland.     N.  lat.  43  ,-^0. 

Vaukin,  a  (.unfider.'iblc  river  of  A. 
Caiolina,  which  rifes  in  the  Allej^hany 
Mountains,  running  E.  about  60  miles, 
then  turning  to  the  S.  S.  E.  palTes  the 
Nan  own,  a  few  miles  ahnve  Rncky  riv- 
tr  ;  thence  dirce'fing  its  coutfe  through 
MoiUgomcryand  Anion  counties,  enters 
South-Carohna.     It  is  about  400  yards 
broad  wheie  it  p.ifTes  Salilbury,  butit  is 
reduced  between  %  hills,  about  15  miles 
to  the  Ibnthw.ud  of  that  town,  to  the 
width  of  So  or  100  feet.    For  ^  mile's  it 
is  narrow  and  rapid,  but  the  moll  nar- 
row and  moll  rapid  part  is  not  abova 
half  a  mile  in  length.     In  this  narrow 
part,  fhad  are  caught  in  the  fpring  of 
the  year,  by  hoop  nets,  in  the  eddies, 
as  faft  as  the  llrongelt  men  are  able  to 
throw  tlicm  out.    Perhaps  there  is  not 
in  the  United  States  a  moie  eligible  fit- 
uatlon  for  a  large  mamififturing  town. 
Boats  with  40  or  50  hogfheads  pafs  ea~ 
lily  from  thefe  Rapids  to  G'iorgctown. 
The  late  war,  by  which  Norch-Cnrolin:\ 
v/as  greatly  convulfed,  put  a  flop  to 
feveral  iron-works.    At  prefent  there 
are  4  or  5  li:rnaces  in  the  State  that  are 
in  blad,  and  a  proportionable  number 
of  forges.    There  is  i  in  Guilford  co. 
J  in  Surry,  and  i  in  Wilkes,  all  on  the. 
Yadkin.    From  the  mouth  of  Rocky 
river  to  the  ocean,  the  llieara  alTunies 
the  name  of  Great  Pedes. 

YAGARCHOCA,a  lake  of  Quito,  with- 
in the  limits  of  the  jurifdidion  of  San 
Miguel  de  Ibarra.  It  is  famous  for  hav^ 
ing  been  the  iepulchre  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Otabalo,  when  taken  by  Huavna 
Capac,  the  lath  Inca  ;  who,  inftead  <£ 
rewarding  their  magnanimity  with  clem- 
ency, was  irritated  at  the  noble  reiiil- 
ancc  which  they  made  againft  his  army, 
ordt.i"l  them  all  to  be  beheaded,  and 
their  bodies  to  be  thrown  into  the  lake ; 
hence  its  name,  which  fignilies  a  lake 
of  blood. 

Yago,  St.  or  St.  Jamctt  an  ancient 
town  on  the  north  fide  of  ^k.  Domingo 
Ifland,  founded  before  I504>  and  the 

country 


YAH 

♦ouotry  round  is  reckoned  as  healthy  as 
any  in  the  ifhind.  It  is  fitiutt'.il  on  the 
high  roHd  from  La  Vega  to  Duxavon  ; 
Jo  leagues  wcit  by-nortli  of  the  tormer, 
and  a 8  tiilk-rlT  ol  the  latter,  and  about 
10  from  the  anchoiing-plMce  oi  St. 
Yajjuc,  and  nearly  us  t;u  troiri  I'ort  dc 
Piatc.  It  rtands  on  tlie  noithcin  lldc  oi 
the  river  Yaqiii,  in  a  i'avannuh  coia- 
iTianding  the  river.  The  town  is  open, 
and  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a- 
bove  600  houTes.  It  is  51  leagues  N. 
N.  VV.  of  ;t.  Domingo  city,  ;,4  well  by 
north  of"  the  bottom  of  J'amana  iiay,  and 
aa  N.  W.  of  Cotuy.  Tlic  tcintorycf 
Sti  Yagj,  or  Jago,  contains  j8,ooc  fouls, 
and  ii.  very  Icrulc  in  mines.  'J  he  find 
t>f  Green  an<1  Yaqui  1  ivcrs  is  mixed  with 
gold.  Mercury  is  found  ;,t  the  head  of 
the  latter  river,  and  copper  is  aJi<)  found 
in  this  territory.  1  he  tree,  guutajiana, 
which  retains  its  Indian  name,  is  lound 
Jiere.  It  bears  a  fort  of  grain  or  pod, 
from  which  is  extratiltd  a  very  line 
black  dye. 

YAGUACHE,a  lieutenarcy  of  Guay- 
aquil juriididtion,  in  South-America, 
It  lies  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the 
fame  name,  which  empties  into  that  of 
Gviayaquil  on  the  fouth  lide,  and  has  its 
iburce  from  the  ikirts  of  the  Cordilleras, 
fouth  of  the  river  Baniba.  Within  its 
jurildi<^ion  are  .3  towns ;.  the  chief  of 
which  is  that  where tthe  cuftom-lioule 
is  erei'^ed,  and  called  San  Jacint  de 
Yaguache  ;  the  2  others  are  JJaufa  and 
Antonchc.  It  produces  wood,  cocoa, 
cattle,  and  cotton. 

Yai.e  CrJ/cj^e.     ?>te  Nenv-Haveii. 

Yamacraw,  the  ancient  Indian 
name  of  the  fpot  where  Savannah,  in 
Cieoigia,  is  ereifted. — Alfo  the  name  of 
a  tribe  of  the  Creek  Indians. 

Yaqvik,  Port  St.  vulgarly  called  OM 
Port,  a  fmall  anchoriny-place  on  the 
N.  lide  of  the  iOand  of  bt.  Domingo  ; 
lituatcd  between  Padrepin  ©n  the  weft, 
and  Macoris  Point  on  the  E. 

Yaqjj  I ,  Or  an  J,  or  Monte  Chr'tji  River. 
a  river  of  the  north  part  of"  the  ifland  of 
St,  Domingo,  which  runs  a  wed-north- 
well  courfe,  and  empties  into  the  Bay 
of  Monte  Chrift.  It  might  be  afccnd- 
ed  in  canoes  or  fmall  boats,  for  i_v 
leagues,  were  it  not  for  the  limbs  of 
trees  which  lodge  in  it.  All  its  numer- 
ous branches  are  from  the  ibuthward. 
See  Monte  ChrijL 

Yardsuev's  Ftfrry,  on  Delaware  riv- 
er, is  3  miles  north-wellerly  of  Trenton, 


Y  L  a 

in  New-Jerfty,  and  5  bjlow  M*CrinV 
key's  Tciry, 

Yaki,  a  town  in  Afnaionia,  Soatli-f 
America,  at  the  head  ot  a  branch  of 
Amazon  river,  S.  wellcrly  from  Macapa. 

Yarmouth,  .:  t»oil.town  of  Maif*- 
ehuiett:?,  BarnltaU*  co.  <in  the  neck  of 
the  pennifi'.la  of  Cape-Cod,  4  miles  E. 
of  Baiiillable,  i^  E.  by  S.  ot  Sandwiclv 
no  loulh-wcjl  of  Boilon,  and  ^i;  from 
Phiiadcii;ii!a.  Tkc  haibour  is  deiciibcd 
in  the  ;u:coiint  oi  Barnjial'k  ;  which  feit. 
I  he  townlhip  extends  iVom  fea  to  lea. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1639^  and  cun-» 
tains  2,678  inhabitant''. 

Yarmouth,  a  townlhip  of  Kova- 
Scotia,  in  Queen's  co.  leltled  by  New- 
Knglandcrs.  It  lies  at  tlie  head  of  a- 
ihort  bay,  8  miles  Ibuth-calt  of  Cape  St. 
Mary. 

YARUQur,a  plain  4.  leagues  north-ea(l 
of  the  city  of  ()ii^ito,  and  2^,<)  toifes  low- 
er than  it.  Near  it  i';  a  village  of  the 
lame  name.  This  fjuit  was  pitched  up- 
01;  as  the  bal«  of  the  whole  operations 
ior  nicafuring  the  length  of  an  aic'i  of 
the  meridiais  by  Uilci. 

YazOo  Knvr,  in  Georgia  VVeftcrn 
T«ri  itory,  cordills  of  3  large  branches 
which  run  a  fouthein  courie,  and  near 
its  mouth  thele  unite  aod  purfue  a  ibuth- 
we(l  courfe  a  lew  miles,  and  the  con- 
llutnt  Iheam  cnteis  the  eaftern  bank,  of 
the  Millilippi,  by  a  mouth  upwards  of 
100  -vards  wide  ;  according  to  Mr. 
Gaulcl,  in  lat.  31  37  N.  and  bv  Mr. 
Purcel,  in  ^a  38.  bee  Georgia  U'cjlern 
Ti'rritvy. 

Ya7  00  ClijTu  or  j4tt-t  Cofet,  lie  7-5 
miles  from  tin-  river  Yazoo,  and  tc;! 
miles  frcmi  Loafa  Chitto,  or  Big  Black 
river.  ^  |^ 

Yii.vcuE,  a  city  of  New-Granada,  JiV 
Terra  rirnia,  South-America. 

YcA,  or  l^'ahfrdc,  or  the  Green  /'v/r, 
from-  a  valley  of  the  lame  name  planted 
will)  vines,  which  is  6  leagues  long,  n\-A 
produce#p!enty  of  winv.  It  is  about 
41  miles  fouth-eail  of  Pifco,  in  Peru,  and 
is  inhabited  by  500  Spaniards.  It  is  a 
beautiful  and  rich  town,  having  a  large 
chui  ch,  3  convents,  and  an  hofpital.  A- 
bout  6  leagues  from  the  town  is  its  port, 
calhd  Puerto  Q^iemada. 

YcAc^uE,  or  ii<?cj,the  northern  point, 
of  the  bay  of  Mancenilla,  in  tlie  ifland 
of  St,  Domingo. 

Yellow  Akuntain,    See  Tenns'jes. 

YLO,a  port  of  Peru,  in  Los  Charcos 
coBVcnient  for  loading  and  irjloading,  in 

Ut.* 


T 


m 


\ ' 

\ 

*  'ii 


Ji 


i^^i 


;f  r 


Y  O  R 


Y  0  k 


ht.  iT.  S.  The  U)wn  of  tht  famf  name, 
lits  about  a  quarter  of  a  league  to  Ujc 
•windward  of  the  riTer,  and  is  inhabited 
Ly  Indians.     Frezicr  calls  it  Ui/o. 

YOHOGANV,  the  principal  brancli 
i»f"  MonongaJvcia  river,  called  alio 
Toughiogenyt  and  Tonhh^eft,  pursues  a 
noiih-welterlycourlcjandpadcs  through 
thtt  Laurel  Mountain,  about  30  n)ilcs 
tiom  its  mouth  ;  is,  fo  fur,  from  300  to 
1.50  yards  wide,  aotl  the  navigation 
much  obftruiledm  dry  weather  by  rap- 
ids and  Ihoals.  In  iti  pafihge  tlirou^lt 
the  mountain  it  makes  very  groat  falls, 
admitting  no  navigation  for  10  miles, 
to  the  Turkey-foot.  Thence  to  the 
Great  Croffing,  about  »o  miles,  it  is 
again  navigable,  except  in  dry  feafons, 
and  at  this  place  is  200  yards  wide. 
The  fources  of  this  river  are  divided 
from  thole  of  the  Patowniatk,  by  the 
Alleghany  Mountain,  from  the  falis, 
where  it  interfcifts  the  Laurel  Mountain, 
trt  Tort  Cumberland,  the  head  of  the 
riavigation  to  the  Patowniack,is  40  miles 
lii'  veiy  mountainous  road.  The  coun- 
t-  V  on  this  river  is  uneven,  but  in  the 
TaHies  the  foil  is  extremely  rich.  Near 
to  Pittfburg  the  country  is  well  peopled, 
and  tlierc,  as  well  as  in  Kedftone,  all 
the  comforts  of  life  are  in  the  great- 
ell  abundance.  This  whole  country 
atbound-?  with  coal,  which  lies  almolV 
on  the  I'urface  of  the  ground, 

Yo  N  K t  R  s ,  a  townfhip  of  New^Yotk, 
in  ^^'clt  Cherter  co.  boumlcd  callerly 
hy  Bronx  river,  and  welletly  by  the 
county  of  York  and  Hudl'on's  liver* 
Ji  contains  1145  inhabitants,  of  whom 
.Xj9  are  eleftors,  and  170  flavc. 

Y o  N  K  E  R  s ,  a  poft-tovv n  of  New- 
York,  114  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Young  Freobrich's  I/Iand,on  the 
"N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  divides 
Port  Ingrahani.      See  t^Krt  Ingraluvn. 

York,  a  vivcr  of  Virginia,  which 
takes  its  rile  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  and 
empties  into  the  Chelkpeakf  a  little  to 
the  S.  of  Mobjack  Bay.  At  York- Town 
it  affords  the  beft  harbour  in  the  State, 
which  will  admit  veftels  of  the  largctl 
fi/.e.  The  river  there  narrows  to  the 
width  of  a  mile,  and  is  conUiined  within 
very  high  banks,  clofe  under  whirh  the 
♦eflels  may  ride.  It  has  4  fathoms  walci" 
at  high  tide,  for  ao  miles  above  York, 
to  the  mouth  of  F  ^potank,  where  the 
river  is  a  mile  and  a  half  wide,  and  the 
channel  only  75  fathoms,  palling  un- 
der a  very  bigli  bank*    At  the  conflu- 


ence of  Pimunky  and  Mattapony  it  \\v\ 
but  3  Jathoms  depth,  which  continues  up 
Pamunky  to  Cumberland,  where  the 
width  is  100  yards,  and  up  Mattapony 
to  within  a  miles  of  Frazer's  Tcrrv, 
where  it  becomes  a8i  fathoms  dcep.iuid 
holds  that  about  5  miles. 

York,  a  river  of  Yoik  co.Diftridof 
Mai  re,  which  ran ,  up  y  or  8  miles,  and 
aftbrdi  a  tolerable  harbour  for  vcUds 
under  aoo  tons.  The  rocks,  however, 
render  it  fomewhat  difficult  and  haz- 
ardous for  ffranpers. 

York,  a  maritime  and  populous  co, 
of  the  Diftridl  of  Maine,  bounded  eaft 
and  north-call  bv  Cumberland,  fouth  by 
the  ocean,  weft  by  New-Hamplhire, 
from  which  it  is  feparated  ^  •  Salmon 
Fall  river,  and  north  by  Ciruiia.  It  is 
well  watered  by  Saco,  Moufom,  and 
other  ftreams,  and  is  divided  into  ^^ 
townlhips,  and  contains  a8,8jx  inhab- 
itants.   Chief  town,  York. 

York,  a  pofl-town  of  the  Dlftria  of 
Maine,  in  York  co.  9  miles  north-eaft 
of  Portfmouth,  in  New-Hampihue,  ao 
fouth  of  Wells,  48  fouth  by  well  of 
Portlaiid,  75  from  Bollon,  and  47.1  IVom 
Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  i^%  t6.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry  and  capital  ot  -V"  .  unty. 
The  river  of  its  name  empties  ir«to  York 
harbour  at  the  town.  It  is  navigable  for 
veffels  of  150  tons.  About  a  mile  from 
the  fea  is  a  wooden  bridge  acrofs  tht^ 
river,  170  feet  in  length,  which  was 
erected  in  1761.  Before  the  war,  25  or 
30  veflcls  were  employed  m  the  Weft- 
India  trade,  and  coafting  bulinefs,  but 
their  vefl'els  were  taken  or  deftroyed, 
and  little  marine  bufinels  is  now  done, 
except  that  a  fmall  iiihery  is  fupported. 
This  townihip  was  fettlea  in  1/S30,  and 
called  ^gamenticuft  from  the  hill  of  tha' 
name  which  is  a  noted  land-mark  fo' 
mariners.  In  x64c»,  Sir  Ferdinand  Goi 
ges  incorporated  a  great  pat  t  of  it  by 
the  name  of  Ceorgtana.  In  the  year 
169:,  the  Indians  took  the  town  by  fur- 
prife,  and  burnt  moll  of  the  hoiifes,  and 
150  peribns  were  killed  or  captivated. 
It  contained,  according  to  the  cenfus  of 
1790,  5900  pcrfons.  Fifh  of  various 
kinds  frequent  the  rivers  and  fliores  of 
the  lea  contiguous.  In  a  calm  feafon, 
in  the  fummeri  one  may  fland  on  the 
rocks  of  tJie  fliorc,  and  catch  them  in 
the  fea,  with  a  line,  or  even  Nvith  an 
angling  rod,  and  a  fathom  or  two  of  line. 
York,  a  county  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
,  bouflduJ  eaft  andnorth-eaft  by  Sufque- 

haanah 


Y  O  R 


n.ok 


htnnah  rirer,  which  fepatatM  it  frttti 
I^ncader  and  Duuphine  counties,  and 
fouth  by  the  State  of  Maryland.  It  con- 
tuns  39  townfhips,  and  37,747  inhabit* 
ants. 

York,  a  poft-town  aP  J  capital  of  the 
nhove  county,  iituiited  on  tlie  call  iide 
of  Codorus  Cicr-k,  which  empties  into 
the  Sufquehannah.  It  contnms  about^ 
500  houfcs,  federal  of  w'i".h  are  of 
brick.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out ; 
the  public  buildings  are  h  court-houlie, 
a  ftone  gaol,  a  recordToiHcc,  handlome- 
ly  built,  an  acadenay,  a  Gerniun  Luther- 
an, a  German  Calvni<t,  a  Prefbyterian> 
Roman  Catholic,  and  Moravian  church, 
and  a  (^U^^^**  tneeting-houfe.  It  is  aa 
noiles  W.  S.  W.  of  Lancalter,  5 1  N.  W. 
by  N.  of  Hartford,  in  Maryland,  199  N. 
E.  of  Staunton,  in  Virginia^  and  88  well 
af  Philadelphia. 

YoKK,  a  oounty  of  Bouth-Carolinn, 
irt  Pinckney  diilri<5l ;  bounded  call  by 
Catawba  nver*  N.  by  the  State  of  North- 
Carolina  5  fouth  by  Cheltcr  co.  and  wett 
by  Broad  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Spartanburg,  anti  is  one  of  thf  moll 
agreciible  and  healthy  counties  in  the 
State,  and  well  watered  by  Catawba  and 
Broad  rivers,  and  their  tributaries.  It 
contains  6604  inhabitants,  of  whom 
565*  are  whites,  and  923  (laves.  Here 
are  extenlive  iron-works.  This  county 
li^nde  3  rcprdfentatives  and  one  fcnator 
to  the  State  legiflature. 

VoRK,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded 
north  by  York  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Gioucefter  co.  foutli  by  Warwick ; 
eaft  by  Elizabeth  City  co.  and  weft  by 
that  of  James  City.  It  contains  sz^;^ 
inhabitants,  of  whom  1760  are  flaves. 
.  York,  or  Torkto'wrt,  a  port  of  entry 
and  poll-town  of  Virginia,  and  capitail 
of  York  CO.  It  is  agreeably  iituated  on 
the  fouth  (ide  of  York  river,  where  the 
river  is  fuddenly  cootradled  to  a  narrow 
compafs,  oppolite  to  Gloucefler,  and  a 
t\k\\€  dillant,  where  there  is  a  fort  front- 
ing ♦hat  on  the  York  fide,  about  n 
miles  weft  by  fouth  of  Toes  Point,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  banks  of 
the  river  are  very  high,  and  veftels  of 
the  greateft  burden  may  ride  clofe  un- 
der them  with  the  greateft  fafety.  It 
contains  about  60  or  70  houfes,  a  gaol, 
wn  Epifcopal  church,  and  a  tobacco 
Ware-houfe.  In  1790,11  contained  66x 
inhabitants,  of  whom  37*  were  (laves. 
Its  exports,  in  the  year  1794,  amount- 
ed to  fevcnty-onc  thoufaad  £ve  hua- 
goo 


dred  and  fevcnty-eij^.:  dollan.  1i 
will  ever  be  famous  m  the  American 
annaU  for  the  capture  of  I/)rd  Cornwal- 
lis  and  his  army,  by  tl>€  combined  force 
of  the  United  States  and  France,  which 
took  place  on  the  1 9th  of  Otlobcr,  1781. 
It  is  la  miles  eaft  by  fouth  of  Williaml- 
burg,  »i  N.  W.  of  Hampton,  ;»  £.  S.  E. 
of  Richmond,  and  350  iouth-lbuth-wefk 
of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  37  a»  jo» 
W.  long.  76  54. 

YoRit,  a  town  of  Upper  Canada,  fit- 
uated  on  the  north-weftcrn  fide  of  Lake 
Ontario,  and  is  defigned  to  be  the  fu- 
ture feat  of  government  of  that  provincs* 
The  public  buildings  are  ereQing.  It 
is  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Niagara  Fort» 
and  ISO  weft-fouth-weft  of  Kiogfton. 
N.  lat.  43  .C7,  W.  long.  80  35. 

York  Bay  is  9  miles  long,  and  4 
broad,  and  fpreads.tn  the  fouth  ward  bs- 
fore  the  city  of  New-York.  It  is  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  Eaft  and  Hud* 
fon's  rivers,  and  embofbms  Jeveral  fmall 
illands,  of  whicli  Governor's  Ifland  is 
the  principal.  It  communicates  with 
the  ocean  through  the  Njrrnvi,  be* 
tween  Staten  and  Long  Illands,  which 
are  fcarcely  2  miles  wide.  The  pafliiBft 
up  to  New-York,  from  Sandy  Hoci^, 
the  point  of  land  th«t  extends  funhelt 
into  the  fea,  is  liife,  and  not  above  ao 
miles  in  length.  I'he  couirnon  naviga- 
tion is  between  the  eaft  and  weft  banks^ 
in  about  »a  feet  water.  The  light- 
hottfe  at  Sandy  Hook  is  in  lat.  40  30  N* 
and  long.  74  a  W. 

York  Forf,  on  the  fouth-V/eft  fhore 
of  Hudfon's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Port 
Nelfon  river,  is  160  miles  wefterly  of 
Severn  Houfe.  N.  lat.  57  i  51,  W. 
long.  92  46  40. 

York.  Harbour  lies  within  thd  elbow 
formed  by  South  Head,  in  the  Bay  of 
Iflands,  Newfoundland  Jfland. 

York  IJland,  one  of  the  GalJipagO 
iflands,  on  th(j  coaft  of  Peru. 

YoR» ///f,  or  IJlanJs,^  lie  ift  S.  !at. 
50  37,  about  t:o  kagucs  from  the  coatt 
of  Patagonia,  in  Soi;th-America,  and  avC^ 
inhabited.    Trinity  Ifle  lies  due  call  of 
them,  near  the  main  land. 

York  Ledge.,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Dl/- 
trift  of  Mair  c.  From  York  Harbour  tw 
York  Ledge,  tha  courfe  is  foath-caft  » 
leagues. 

York  Minjlefy  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
ifland  Terra  dej.  Faego,  is  19  leagues  at 
K.  S.  fi.  from  Gilbert  Ifland.  S.  lat. 
5;  »6,  W.  long.  70  <>. 

York 


lill 


I 


y^jvrvTv'  ^•^■^ 


TT  A  C 


ZV  \t... 


YoR  K  Read,  or  J5rtjr,  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  in  S.America,  is- lo  miles 
from  Cape  Crofs  Tide.  S.  lat.  53  gy, 
W.  long.  73  jj.- 

YoRKTowN,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  Weft-Chefter  co.  bounded  weft- 
erly  by  the  town  of  Cortland,  and 
northerly  by  Dutchefs  co.  In  1790,  it 
wntained  1609  inhabitants,^  '.ndudnig 
4c  flaves.  In  1796,  according  to  the 
State  c»nfus,  there  were  zio  of  the  in- 
habitants elei^tors. 

YoutiHiOGENY.     See  Yohogany. 

^UCATAN,  one  of  the  7  provinces  of 
he  audience  of  Mexico,  in  New-8paio. 
The  Britifh  had  a  right  to  cut  logwood 
and  carry  it  away,  by  the  treaty  of 
1783,  in  the  traft  Lci«v.en  Rio  Honde 
■•ixA  Ballize  rivers. 

Yuma,  Bay  cf.    See  Hi^uey. 

YuNA,  a  river  of  the  idand  of  St. 
Domingo,  which  runs  an  E.  S.  E.  and 
I,  conrfe,  and  empties  into  the  W.  end 
of  the  B^yof  Saman^.  It  rifes  near 
Monte  Chrift  river.  It  is  navigable  no 
farther  tiian  Cotuy,  i  j  leagues  from  its 
HJOUth.-  . ,-,.  ..    ,,. ,  /  ■  •, 


r^l.:*UA^•lVi«■^■^'1l^■ 


I 


.■*•  -  ■ 


■••'^¥ 


*1-«  .?*'•('■**' 


ZACATECAS,  a  provirtce  of  JTew- 
Spain,  bounded  by  New  Bifcay  on 
tl\e  N.  by  Panuco  on  the  E.  Mechoacan, 
Ouadnhyara,  and  Chiametlan,  on  thie  S. 
ar,d  by  part  of  Chiametlaln  and  Guliacan 
on  the  W.  It  is  well  inhabited,  and 
ubounds  with  large  villages.  The 
mines  here  are  reckoned  the  richeft  in 
America.      • 

ZACATECAS,the  capital  of  the  abov? 
province,  lituated  under  the  tropic  of 
Canoer,  40  leagues  N.-  of  Gxiadalaj'ara, 
and  80  N.  W.  of  Mexico.  Its  garrifon 
cbnlills  of  about  1000  men,  and  there 
are  about  800  families  cf  flaves,  who 
work  in  the  mines  and  other  Isttwrious 
work.    N.  lat.  aj  29,  W.  long.  103  ao. 


.■/♦*■ 


J;'.-f 


ZAC4LLAM,-a  town  of  Mexico.  Sea' 
Angelas. 

Zacatula,  a'fmall  fcaport-town  of 
the  province  of  Mechoacan,  fituated  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame 
name,  on  the  coalt  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
N.  lat.  17  a»,  W.  long.  104  <;8. 

ZACHEOjHir  Dc/Jc/)/<?,  a  fmall  idand, 
8  or  9  leagues  to  tl\e  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Mona,  between  the  iOand  of  St.  Domin- 
go, and  that  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  noth- 
inj5  more  than  a  green  mountain,  800  or 
1000  yards  long. 

Zamora,  a  city  of  Peruj  in  South- 
America,  200  miles  fouth  of  Quito, 
which  is  pretty  large,  and  the  houles 
well  built  of  timber  and  ftone.  1  ne 
church  and  convent  of  Dominicans,  are 
both  elegant  ftruifhires.  There  are 
feveral  gold  mines  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  city,  but  few  of  them  are  worked. 
S.  lat.  4  10,  W.  long.  775. 

Zapotechas,  a  river  of  New-Spain' 
which  runs  northr-eaftward  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  A  fort  of  the  fame  name 
ftands  on  the  N.  W.  bank  of  the  river, 
about  »5o  mHes  S.  E.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico. 

Zziiro,  oi  Zi/tio,  one  of  the  fortn 
for  the  proteflion  of  the  harbour  of 
Carthagcna,  on  the  N.  coaft  of  South- 
America. 

Zinochsaa,  the  original  name  of 
a  rivec  of  New-York,  which  runs- 
through  Onondago,the  chief  town  of 
the  Six  Nations. 

Zitar,  a  town  of  Terra  Firnw, 
South-America,  near  to  and  fouth  from 
the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Darien. 

Zoar,  a  plantation  in  Berklhire  co. 
Maffachufett5,containing  78  inhabitants. 

ZoNeoLCtJc  an,  mountains  in  Guax- 
aca,  in  New-Spain,  which  give  rife  to 
Papald-apaia  or  Alvarad  river. 

ZoNESHio,  the  chief  town  of  tlie 
Seneca  Indians,  a  miles  N.  of  Seneca 
Lake. 

ZuYDT   River,  a  name  in  Dutcl> 
maps  given-to  Delaware  livcr,     '<-  '■- 
'    '  ....  ''-I  i-f-  ^  ■.'  *■ 


^V 


.\A      /-,  . 


.,r.| 

■'  Alt   (-Hi*-  ;*T  »■'»* 


ik. 

-n',- 


AT 

A' 

to  m 

the 

bay 


I' 


ant      II  r'T  t    I     '  ' 'iM  n  m.^ri        i.,    i.i,     i    ijij     r,         .wi  .;.at 


'jTftc  foltowfBj  wficlw  inS  infohnatioo  were  ttceivtA  totf  late  to  be  inferted  in  tie 

body  of  tjie  work.] 


.!.«,Cii. 


BAH 


ADDISON,  a  townfhip  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of"  Maine,  in  Waftiington  c6. 
to  miles  fouth  of  weft  of  Machias  ;  on 
the  fea  board,  between  Englifhmen's 
bay  and  Pleafant  river.  It  was  called 
W  6,  until  it  was  incorporated  in  Feb- 
Tuaryj  1797. 

Alabama,  a  confiderabk  river  of 
Georgia,  which  purfoes  a  foutherly 
courl«  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  100  miles 
weft  of  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  river. 
Its  banks  are  low,  and  a  trining  rain 
fwells  it  to  more  than  a  mile  in  width. 
In  a  frefliet  the  current  is  rapid,  and 
thofe  who  pafs  are  in  danger  of  being 
entangled  jn  vines  and  briars,  and  drown- 
ed ;  Uiey  are  alfo  in  real  danger  Ironi 
great  numbers  of  hungry  alligators. 
The  country  fcir  nearly  100  miies  on 
each  fide  of  this  river,  that  is  to  fay, 
from  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  to  FHnt 
river,  which  is  90  miles  weft  of  the 
Alabaha,  is  a  continued  foft,  miry,  pine 
■barren,  affording  neither  water  nor 
<ood  for  i.ien  or  beafts  ;  and  is -To  poor 
indeed  as  that  the -common  game  of  the 
••woods  are  not  found  here.  The  coun- 
try on  the  weft  of  Alabaha  is  rather 
ipreferable  to  that  on  the  eaft. 

Ai.ABAMO-us,  an  old  French  fort,  in 
the  weftcrn  part  of  Georgia  ;  fituated 
•between  Coofa  and  TaHapoofee  rivers, 
and  not  far  from  their  confluence. 

Ai.B/.  ,■-',  a  Britifh  tiitrrrefs  in  New 
Soiith  Wales,  North- America.  N.  lat. 
5*  14  40,  W.  long.  8i  59  58. 

Amuskkag  Fa//f.  i?or  **a  bridge 
•acrofs  the  falls,  &c."  read  "  a  bridge  a 
iittlc  below  the  falls,  ficc." 

AusuBTA,  a  town  of  Upper  Canada. 


BAHIA  Hondu,  a  bay  cm  the  northern 
fide  of  the  idand  of  Cuba.  The  bay 
has  ij  and  10  fathoms  water,  the  en- 
trance into  the  harbour  8,  and  anchor- 


■'■I-  :■£   n?!' 


>B  R  I 


age  in  4  and  5  fathoms.    The  entrance 
lies  in  N,  lat.  23  a6,  W.  long.  83  15. 
Bear  Cresky  a  water  of  Tenneflce 
river.    See  Occochappo. 

Bedtord,  a  village  near  the  Georgia 
(ide  of  Savannah  riter,  4  miles  above 
Augufta. 

BEtLE  Dune,  La,  or  Handfome  Donvn, 
along,  projetfling,  barren  point,  on  the 
fouthern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  ibout  g 
leagues  N.  N.  W.  of  Nipiliguit,  wherp 
temporary  cod  and  herring  hflieries  are 
carried  on  by  different  people ;  *there 
being  no  eftablifhed  trader  at  the  place. 
Bi.ENKF.iM,  a  new  town  of  New- 
York,  iu  Schoharie  co.  incorporated  jjx 

1797-  '■ 

Bonamy's  Point,  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  at  the  north-weft 
extremity  of  Eel  river  cove,  and  forms 
the  fouth  limit  cf  the  mouth  of  Rifti- 
■gouche  river. 

BoNAVENTURE,  On  the  northern  fide 
of  Chaleur  Bay,  lies  aboirt  3  leagftes  from 
New^^arhfle,  which  is  now  called  Ham- 
ilton. It  was  a  place  of  confiderablt 
jconinierce,  but  is  now  decKned.     '•  • 

Bourbon,  a  county,  4aid  out  and 
organized  in  the  year  J785,  by  thfc 
State  of  Georgia,  in  tlu;  Ibuth-wcft 
corner,  of  the  State,  ©n  -the  MifTi- 
fipiii,  inc4uding  die  Natdiez  country. 
The  laws  of  Tcorgia  were  never  carrieifl 
into  effe.^  ifi  tliis  county,  nnd  it  has 
been  under  the  jurifdidion  of  the  Span- 
iards fince  their  conqueft  of  this  part 
of  the  cotintry  in  1780,  till  it  was 
given  up  to  the  United  States  by  the 
The  law  of  Georj.^iii-, 
counfv  •'•f  Bourbon, 
See  Louj/iana,  in  Ap- 


treaty  of  1795. 
eftabiifliing    tlie 
is  now  in  force, 
pcadix. 

Bridgetown,  the  chief  town  of 
Cumberland  co.  New-Jcrl'ey,  and  noar 
the  centre  of  it.  It  is  50  miles  S.  S.  E. 
of  Philadelphia;  80  S.bv  E.of  Trentoa, 

and  145  S.  W.  of  New- York. zV.  O. 

Undgr  the  above  article,  in  the  body 

of 


A'    i 


.. .!. r..7rT^rimmm 


,:r-^-    G-R  E)'  „ 

of  the  work,  the  reader  is  defired  to 
erafe  the  two  laft  fentences,  "ithas  aboat 
50  houies,'*&c.  as  applying  to  another 
town, 

Bristol,  a  new  town  of  New- York, 
in  Schoharie  co.  incorporated  in  1797, 

Brooklyn,  a  pleafant  town  of  Nor- 
folk co.  Maflachufetts,  of  about  60  or  70 
families,  between  Canjbridge  and  Rox- 
bury,  and  fepar^ted  from  Bollion  on  the 
E.  by  a  narrow  bay,  which  fets  up  S. 
from  Charles  river,  and  peninfulates 
}3ollon.  Large  quantities  of  fruits^  roots, 
and  other  vegetables  are  protiuced  in 
this  town  for  the  Bofton  m?.rk€t.  It  is 
a  place  where  gentlemen  of  fortune  and 
information,  who,  retiring  from  public 
Jife,  may  enjoy  etium  cum  dignitate. 

Bullock,  a  new  county  ia  Geor- 
gia. 

BuxuNGTON,  a  townfliip  m  Otfcgo 
CO.  New- York,  was  divided  into  two 
towns  ia  1707,  by  an  aift  of  the  kgiflit- 
tur«.  ,';.,, 

,^' 


■w 


"■it  -i    ■ 
O/U  Ji.' 


CANISSEX,  afmaU  river  of  the  Di& 
trift  of  Maine. 

CASQiJjpisiAC,  a  river  on  the  north- 
ern (ide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  a  league 
iroin  Black  Cape,  N.  W.  by  N,  in  tht 
bottom  of  Cafquipibiae  Cove,  at  the  dil- 
iance  of  about  one  league  from  which 
is  the. great  river  of  Cafquipibiae.  It 
Jies  about  weft  from  the  former,  and  ^- 
i'ords  a  fraall  cod  and  falmon  rilhery. 

Cassitah,  an  Indian  town,  in  the 
V/eftern  part  of  Georgia,  which,  as  well 
as  the  Coweta  town,  is  60  miks  below 
the  Horfe  Ford,  on  Chattahoufee  river. 

Chops,  The,  in  Kennebeck  river, 
ari  3  miles  ftora  Siuau-IJlattd i  which 
fee. 

Crerks,  an  Indian  nation  already 
d^fcribed  under  the  name  oi Miijhgulge 
or  Miifkogea,  in  addition  to  whwh  is  the 
iblkjwing  parilculais  from  the  M,  S, 
joui'nalofan  intelligent  traveller.  Coo- 
fa  ri»^er,  and  its  main  branches,  form 
tlrj  weftern  line  of  fettldments  or  villa' 
pcf.  of  the  Creeks  but  their  hunting 
p.rvunds  extend  zoo  miles  beyond,  to 
tij:  Tombigb'jc,  which  is  the  dividing 
In-between  their  country  and  that  of  the 
Chaf^aws.  1  he  fmallclt  of  their  towns 
Jjive  from  ao  to  30  hcnifcs  in  them,  and 
fome  of  thtnj  coiii;iin  from  150  to  jco, 
thitt  are  wholly  compait.    I'ht;  houies 


C  BLE 

ftand  in  clufters  of  4,  5,  6,  7,  and  8  to- 
gether, irregularly  diftributed  up  and 
down  the  banks  of  the  rivers  or  fmall 
ftreams.  Each  clufter  of  houfes  con. 
uin  a  clan,  or  family  of  relations,  who 
eat  and  live  in  common.  Each  town 
has  a  public  fquare,  hot-houfe  and  yard 
near  the  centra  of  it,  appropriated  to 
various  public  ules.  The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  principal  towns  ot  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Creeks,  that  have 
public  fquares  j  beginning  at  the  head 
of  the  CoofaorCooia  Hatcha  river,  viz. 
Upper  Ulalas,  Abbacoochees,  Natchez, 
Coofas,  Oteetoocheenas,  Pine  Catchas, 
Pocuntullahalcs,  Weeokees,  Little  TaU 
laflie,  Tullceegccs,  Coofadas,  Alabamas, 
Tawafas,  Pawadas,  Autobas,  Auhoba, 
Weelumpkees  Big,  Weelunipkees  Lit- 
tle, Wacacoys,  Wackfoy,  Ochees.  The 
following  towns  are  in  the  central,  in- 
land and  high, country,  between  the  Coo* 
fa  and  Tallapoofee  rivers,  in  the  dif- 
tridt  called  the  Hillabees,  viz.  Hilla- 
bees,  Killeegko,  Oakchoys,  SlakaguJ- 
gas,  and  Wacacoys.  On  tlie  waters  of 
the  Tallapoofee,  from  the  head  of  the 
river  downward,  the  following,  wi, 
Tuckabatchee,  Tehafla,  Totacaga,  New- 
York,  Chalaacpauley,  Logufpogus,  Oak- 
fulkee,  Utala  Little,  Ufala  Big,  Sogi- 
hatches,  Tuckubatchees,  Big  Tallaflce, 
or  half  way  houfe,  Clewalcys,  Coofi- 
hatches,  Coolamies,  Shawanefe  or  Sa- 
vanas,  Kenhulka,  and  Muckelcfes.  The 
towns  of  the  Lower  Creeks,  beginning 
on  the  head  waters  of  the  Chattahoofec, 
and  fo  on  downwards  are  Chelu  Ninny, 
Chattahoofec,  Hohtatogj»,  Cowetas, 
Cuffitahs,Chalagatfcaor,  Broken  Arrow, 
Euchees  fcveral,  Ilitchatces  ieveral, 
Palachuolo,  Chewackala.  Befides  ao 
towns  and  villages  of  the  Little  and  Bit; 
Chehaus,  low  down  on  Flint  and  Chat- 
tahoofec rivers.  From  their  roving  and 
unftcady  manner  of  living,  it  is  impoffi- 
ble  to  determine,  with  much  precihon, 
the  number  of  Indians  that  compofe  tlio 
Creek  nation.  Gen.  M'Gillivray  clli- 
mates  the  number  of  gun-men  to  be  be- 
tween 5  and  60C0,  exclulivo  of  the  Se- 
minolcs,  who  arc  of  little  or  no  account 
in  war,  except  as  fmall  parties  of  marau- 
ders, acfling  independent  of  the  general 
intcreft  of  the  others.  The  whole  nuni  ■ 
bi;r  of  individuals  may  be  about  55  or 
a6,ooo  fouls.  Every  town  and  village 
has  one  cftabliilied  white  trader  in  it, 
and  generally  a  family  of  whites,  who 
havt  iicd  iiQTa.  ibiwe  part  pf  tlie  fron. 

tisrs, 


C  RE 

tiers.  They  often,  to  have  revenge, 
and  t^  obuin  plunder  that  may  be  ta- 
ken, ufe  their  iuflu6nce  to  fend  out  pre- 
datory parties  againft  the  fcttlcments  in 
their  vicinity.  The  Creeks  are  very 
badly  armed;  having  tiew  rifles,  and 
are  moftly  armed  witli  mu/kets.  Foi 
near  4oye»"s.paft,  the  Creek  Indians 
have  had  Utile  intercourfe  with  any  oth- 
er foreigners,  but  thofe  of  the  Englifli 
nation.  Their  prejudice  in  favour  of 
every  thing  Engliili,  has  been  carefully 
kept  alive  by  tories  and  others  to  this 
day.  Moft  of  their  tpwns  have  no\\Nn 
their  pofleffion,  Britiiii  drums  with  the 
amis  of  the  nation,  and  otlier  emblems 
painted  on  them,  and  fome  of  their 
fquaws  preferve  the  remnants  of  Britilh 
flags.  They  ftill  believe  that  "The 
Great  King  over  the  water"  k  able  to 
keep  tlie  whole  world  in  fiibjeiSlion. 
The  land  of  the  country  is  a  common 
ftock  ;  and  any  individual  may  remove 
from  one  part  of  it  to  another,  and  oc- 
cupy vacant  ground  where  he  can  find 
it.  I'he  country  is  naturally  divided  in- 
to  3  diilri<Ss,  viz.  the  Upper  Creeks, 
Lower  and  Middle  Creeks,  and  Semi- 
noks.  The  upper  dillri<ft  includes  all 
the  waters  of  the  Tallapoofee,  Coofa- 
hatchec,  and  Alabama  rivers,  and  h  call- 
ed the  Abbacocs.  The  Lower  or  Mid- 
dle diftri<9r  includes  all  tlie  waters  of  the 
Chattahoofee  and  Flint  rivers,  down  to 
their  junfhion,  and  although  occupied 
by  a  great  number  of  different  tribes, 
the  whole  are  called  Cowetaulgas,  or 
Coweu  people,  from  the  CowetiMi  town 
and  tribe,  the  moft  warlike  and  ancient 
of  any  in  the  whole  nation.  The  Low- 
er or  Southern  diftri(ft,  takes  in  the  riv- 
er Appalachicala,  and  extends  to  the 
point  of  Eaft-Florida,  and  is  called  the 
country  of  theSeminoles.  Agriculture 
is  as  far  advanced  with  the  Indians,  as 
it  can  well  be,  without  the  proper  im- 
plemciits  of  hufbandry.  A  very  large 
majority  of  the  nation  being  devoted  to 
hunting  in  the  winter,  and  to  war  or 
idlenels  in  fumraer,  cultivate  but  fmall 
parcels  of  ground,  barely  fufficient  tor 
lublillience.  But  many  individuals,  (par- 
ticularly on  Flint  river,  among  the  Che- 
haws,  who  poflefs  numbers  of  negroes) 
have  fenced  fields,  toltribly  well  culti- 
vated ;  having  no  ploughs,  they  break 
lip  the  ground  with  hoes,  and  fcatter 
the  leed  promifcuoufly  over  the  ground 
id  hills,  but  not  in  rows.  They  raife 
Loiksf  citile,  fowls,  iiud  hogs,    'ihc 


«  R  E 

only  articles  they  manufadure  are  earth- 
ern  pots  and  pans,  balkets,  horfc-ropes 
or  halters,  fmoaked  leather,  black  mar. 
ble  pipes,  wooden  fpoons,  and  oil  from 
acorns,  hickory  nuts,  and  chefnuts. 

CussiTAH,  an  Indian  town  in  the 
weftern  part  of  Georgia,  la  miles  above 
the  Broken  Arrow,  on  Chattahoofe* 
liver. 


1 


DANIEL,  Port,  on  the  northern  fide 
of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  a  commodious 
harbour  for  vcflels  of  a  coufiderable 
draught  of  water.  It  affords  a  cod  fiilj- 
cry,  and  is  about  o  leagues  from  Pato, 
wcft-north-weit  or  Cape  Defpair. 

Desespoir,  Cape, or Dtfpair, on\ht 
northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about 
3  leagues  weft-foudi-weft  of  Boaaven" 
ture  lHand.  There  is  a  large  cod  iiilw 
try  here. 

D  o  w  N  s ,  a  townfhip  of  Ne w-Jerfey, 
in  Cumberland  county. 

;{f  I   ,,  ;<;„;.  ■  ,:.:.\:.  :.T-^.,.  i  ■ .'.    ■*• 


.|l;.J/i- 


Kt'-vf  f,  »'*»-, 


EEL  Pnv  and  Rhgr,  Vanfe  et  la 
Rhlsre  a  l*Angiulle,  on  the  fouth- 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  3  leagues 
from  Maligafli,  about  weft.  This  cove 
abounds  with  falmon,  and  great  qoantii" 
ties  of  th;it  fiili  is  taken  annually,  by  a 
few  inhabitants  who  are  fetded  here. 


,  *.- 

■     ■         ;-^--  '■ 

-    -4«* 

'  ■  CC '. 

• ')    «'*-  'i  ■■ 

•  • 

-s 

•.if'T- 

C'^  OSHEN,  a  townfhip  of  the  Diftridl 
y  of  Maine,  8  miles  from  Buckllon, 
on  Penobfcot  river. 

Grande  Rivien-y  an  the  northera 
lide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  6  leagues 
weft-north-weft  of  Cape  DtTpair.  Here 
is  a  cod  filliery. 

Or k at  Works,  or  Cl:adhournes  Rher, 
in  the  Diftri^lt  of  Maine,  riles  from  Bon- 
nebcag  Pond,  about  30  miles  from  its 
mouth.  There  are  feveral  valuable 
mills  cm  it,  witliin  and  above  the  town 
of  Berwick. 

GREbNSBOROirc.H,  a  very  flourifh- 
ing  village,  or  town,  in  Georgia,  ill 
Greene  co.cne  of  the  moft  fertile  in  the 
btate,  and  is*  Xo  miles  weft  of  Augufta, 
jo  from  Wiu'hirgton,  and  /  from  the 


M  s? 


f'-M 


!■        'I 


m 


I  N  b: 


L  0  U 


Oconee  river,  the  boundary  line  between 
■the  Creek  Indians  and  white  people. 
This  town  is  very  near  to  a  large  quan- 
tity of  lands  which  the  State  has  laid  off 
and  appropriated  for  the  nfe  of  her 
public  tJniverlity,  and  which  are  now 
in  fuch  a  ftate  of  cultivation,  as  to  afford 
a  handfomc  revenue  for  tiut  inititutioi]. 


HAMDEN,.a  townfliip  of  the  Diftfi<a 
of  Maine,  in  Hancock,  co.  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Penoblcot  river }  oppofite 
Orrington ;  having  about  so  families  in 

1796.      V 

.  Hamii^ton,  Albany  county,  New- 
York.  [See  this  article  in  the  body 
»fthe  work.]  The  enterprifing  pro- 
.prietors  of  the  G/«/?  and  other  works  in 
this  thriving  fettlement,  were  incorpo- 
rated by  the  Legillature  of  New- York 
in  the  ipring  of  4797,  by  the  name  of 
♦'  T/'f  Hamilton  Mamifafiui'jng  Society," 
which  aift,  has  -given  a  fpring  to  the 
works  here  ;  and  authorifcs  a  hope 
tha*  American  manufaftures  may  not 
only  fubferve  the  interefts  of  our  coun- 
try, but  that  alfo  of  the  proprietors. 

Hamilton,  on  Chaleur  Bay  j  fee 
^onaxsnttire, 

Harrington,  a  thriving  town  in 
J^incoln  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  at  the 
head  of  the  tide  waters  on  the  Kemie- 
peck  river,  three  miles  N.  of  Hallowell, 
of  which,  till  its  incorporation  in  1797, 
it  was  a  part,  and  known  by  the  name 
of  Fort  Wejlern.  Veflels  of  100  tons 
albend  tlie  river  t,o  this  town.  The 
judicial  courts  for  the  county  are  held 
alternately  in  this  town,  and  at  Pywnal- 
|x)rough.  There  is  here  a  court-houfe, 
&nd  gaol.  A  bridge  is  about  to  be  ereft- 
ed  upon  the  Kenncbeck,  oppofite  old 
Fort  Weflern.  Several  merchants  and 
traders  are  fettled  here,  and  carry  on  a 
brifl<  commerce  with  the  back  country. 
The  tawnfhip  contains  36,000  acres  of 
Jand,  and  about  1000  inhabitants.  N. 
}at.  44  25. 

HocHELAGA,  the  ancIcnt  name  of 
^i€  river  St.  JLawrwce, 


:j:.s^ 


JACKSON,  a  new  county  of  Geor» 
gia. 

Jaquet,  a  liver  on  the  fouthern  lide 
of  Chaleur  Bay,  called  by  the  Indian* 
lioocunikicf^y  is  about  3  leagues  weft  of 
Billi  Down.  Here  is  a  imall  falmon 
fiihery.        '■ 

Jefferson,  anew  county  of  Geor- 
gia, er<»6led  in  1796,  from  the  counties 
of  Burke  and  Warren,  bordering'  on 
Ogechec  river,  and  Briar  and  Big 
creeks.  Courts  and  eletSlions  are  held 
at  jLouifville  for  this  county,  a  courtT 
houie  not  being  yet  ere^ed. 

Joseph,  St.  aimall  town  and  port  on 
the  W.  point  of  the  N.  peninfula  of  the 
ifland  of  Trinidad,  m  the  Weft-Indies. 

Joseph's,  St.  a  bay  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  ifhind  of  Trinidad,  defended  by 
a  fmall  battery.  It  lias  a  few  houfes  on 
it,  and  lies  S.  E.  of  Port  of  Spain,  the 
capital  of  the  ifland.  Near  it  is  a  moun- 
tain having  mineral  pitch. 


•*^}^^^4: 


KENNEBUNK,  a  river  of  the  Dif- 
tridt  of  Maine,  having  a  good  har. 
hour  at  its  mouth,  from  whence  great 
quantities  of  lumber  are  Ihipped  for  a 
rnarket.  There  the  lumber  of  Moufom 
is  ftiipped  at  prefent.  This  river  divides 
thie  townfliips  of  Wells  and  Arundel,  it 
runs  a  (hort  courfe,  and  empties  into  the 
fea  between  Cape  Porpoife  and  Cape 
Neddick.   See  Kfnnehwnk  and  Wellif , 


|.fa^ii!ii4^.!^*f  •^•" 


,-f 


iV 


i-fr;! 


.4  ..-''4i*^!KK   ■>]*>. 


INDIAN  River,  Diftri(n:  of  Maine,  a 
fmall  arm  of  the  fea,  between  Chand- 
^'d  A04  Pk^ant  river. 


>  , .  V  ;  »■»•   '•" 


LINCOLN,anew  county  of  Georgia, 
laid  out  in  1796,  from  Wilkes  co.  on 
Savannah  river,  between  Broad  and  Lit- 
tle rivers. 

Littleton,  a  townlhip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  a8  miles  N.  W. 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  17151 
and  contains  554  inhabitants. 

Louisiana.  In  addition  to  what 
has  been  faid  in  the  body  ol  the'  work, 
tlie  following  is  Meltord's  account  of 
the  Spanilh  ftrength  in  the  Fkmdas  an  J 
Louiliaoa;  in  2790.    I^ovincial  levi(t< 


4ndtr 
John's 
Thegi 

do. 

do. 


■^ 


7  !».■(.*. 


M  E  B 

jtnd  troops  at  St.  Auguftinc,  and  on  St. 
John's  river,  400 

The  garriibn  at  St.  Marks»  100 

do.  at  Penfacola,  ,       ^so 

do.  Mobile  and  Tombigbee,    rjo 
do'',  at  the  Natchez  200 

do.  litd  river,  W.  of  Miflifippi  100 
do.  in  the  Illinois  country        300 

l/)00 

men,  called  the  Orleans  or  Louiliana 

regiment.    The  number  of  American 

iamilies  that  have  been  Spanifh  fiibje«Sts 

fince  178,?,  amount  to  1720,  *iz. 

At  Tenftu,  n«ar  Mobile  Bay,         90 

On  Tombigbee  river,  130 

At  the  Natchez,  on  the  Mifliiippi,  15  co 

If.-         ■      1      ,     .w     . . 

<■>..,,-.;   »^.!  .,.■.  J      _  ^  1,740 

All  the  fettlers  in  tliefe  diftrifls  are  un- 
der the  immediate  orders  of  the  milita- 
ry commandants,  and  fubjeft  to  martial 
few,  with  an  appeal  from  ftage  to  ftage, 
wp  to  the  viceroy  of  Mexico.  The 
property  of  the  fubje<5fy  at  his  deceafe,  is 
to  be  managed  by  the  Commandant, 
Whofe  fees  are  icttled  by  law,  and  a-> 
mount  to  25  per  cent. 

Lyons,  a  town  newly  laid  out,  about 
la  miles  N.  W.  of  Geneva,  in  the  State 
of  New-Yoik,  at  the  junction  of  Mud- 
Greek  and  Canadaque  outlet.      .  „  ,^,  t^ 


*  ■ 

MAC  GILLTVRAY's  Platitaf Ion,  ori 
Coofa  river,  is  a  little  above  the 
Old  French  fort  Alabajnous. 

Maligash,  a  fmall  creek  on  the 
fouthern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  3 
leagues  from  Jaquit  river,  where  are 
erected  iaw-mills  and  jwt-afli  works. 
Several  fhips  and  brigs  have  been  built 
at  this  place.  Oppoiite  to  it,  and  cov- 
ering its  front,  lies  L'Ifle  auX  Herons, 
Qr  Heron  Ifland,  about  »  leagues  long 
and  one  wide.  It  lies  E.  and  W.  and 
about  »  miles  in  fonie  places  from  the 
main. 

Masanette,  Point,  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  Chalcur  Bay,  lies  about  W.  by  N. 
above  a  league  and  a  half  from  Caraguil 
Ifland,  between  which  and  the  iOand 
runs  the  main  channel. 

Medforo,  in  MaiTachufetts,  contains 
139  dweliing-houfes  in  the  compadt 
part  of  the  town  ;  4  diftillerics  wlnich 
mad«  from  July,  1795,  to  July,  1796, 
3.'>>*4;o  gallons  of  rum.   Here  are  two 


NEW 

grift-mills  and  a  bark-mill,  of  which"  tw»' 
are  turned  by  wind.  About  4  million* 
ot  bricks  arc  annually  made  l>ere. 

Melford's  PiactyOn  Tallapbofee  riv- 
er, in  the  weftern  part  of  Georgia,  vs 
fcparated  from  fome  Indian  towns  by 
that  river,. a  eonfideruble  diftance  from 
its  mouth. 

MioDbF.BERA,  a  new  town  of  New- 
York,  in  Schoharie  co,  incorporated  in 
1797- 

Miscou,  or  MifcD,  an  ifland  whicti 
forms  the  S.  fide  of  the  entrance  of  Cha- 
leur  Bay,  and  is  now  called  Muftow  Id- 
and.  'JF  he  gut  of  Chcpayan,  about  3  or 
3  leagues  in  length,  and  in  Ibme  parti 
near  a  league  wide,  leparates  it  from  the 
N.  E.  coait  of  NcW-Bruniwick.  It  a- 
boundi  with  fait  marfli  hay. 

Missouri  Rhtr.  Late  travellers  up 
this  river,  (awiopg  whom,  is  a  French 
gentleman,  a  general  officer,  who  has 
made  a  map  of  his  expedition)  reprefrnt 
that  the  progrds  of  fettiement  by  the 
Spaniards  on  the  S.  and  W.  and  by  the 
E.nglifli  on  the  N.  and  E.  of  the  Mif- 
iburi,  is  aftonifhing.  People  of  both 
thefe  nations  have  trading-houles  6cd 
or  700  miles  up  this  river.  A  Mr, 
M'Kenzie  has  performed  a  tour  frum 
Montreal  to  the  SjDUth  Sea ;  and  it  ap« 
pears  by  his  map  that  by  fliort  portages^ 
and  thefe  not  very  numerous,  thr  re  is  a 
water  communication,  without  great  in- 
terruption, from  the  Upper  Lakes  to 
Noodca  Sound,^  orbits  neighbourhood, 
"1^  ■  ,       ,-  , 


w: 


N 


EW  CARLISLE.     See    Bonfnerf 
ture. 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE,  State  of. 
To  the  account  of  this  State  given  in 
the  body  of  the  work,  add  the  following. 
Several  kinds  of  earths  ar.d  clays  aie 
found  io  this  State,  chiefly  in  Exeter,' 
New-Matket,  Durham,  and  Dover. 
Marie  abounds  in  fcveral  places,  but  is 
little  ufed.  Red  and  yellow  ochres  are 
found  in  Somevfworih,  Cheftetfield, 
Rindge,  and  JafFray.  Steatites,  or  foap 
rock,  is  found  in  Orford.  The  beft  lapis 
fpecularis,  a  kind  of  talc,  commonly 
called  ifing-glafs,  is  found  in  Grafton 
and  oUier  parts.  Cryftals  have  been 
difcovercd  at  Northwood,  Rindge,  and . 
Conway  ;  allunj,  at  Barrington,  Op- 
fbrd,  and  JafFiay  ;  vitriol,  at  Jaffray, 
Brentwood,  and  Rixdgc,  gcncraJly  found 

combined 


"'1 ' 


I 


PEP 

combined  in  tlie  fawnc  ftone with  fulphur. 
Free-ftone  fit  for  building  is  found  in 
Orfbrd ;  alio  a  grey  ftone  fit  for  mill* 
ftoncs.  Iron  ore'ie  found  in  many  pla- 
ces; black  lead  in  Jaffray,  and  fome 
Jcad  and  copper  ere  has  been  ieen }  but 
iron  is  the  only  metal  which  has  i^een 
wrought  to  any  advantage. 

NoiKf  Ctipe,  or  B/tiC'^:  Cape,  on  the 
northcrh  lide  of  Chaicur  Bay,  is  about 
7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Bonavcnturc. 

NORTHOMBKRLAND,    H  CO.  of  Pcnn- 

fylvania.  There  is  iron  ore  in  this  coun> 
try ;  alio  a  fait  fpring. 

NouvF.LLE,  La,  commonly  called 
Eaft  Nouvclle,  lies  on  the  northern 
ilde  of  Chaleur  Bay.  It  h  a  fmall  river, 
about  4  leagues  from  Port  Daniel. 

No u  viL L E,  A^  Grerdg,  or  Wcjl-Nou- 
ville,  on  the  northern  iide  of  Chaleur 
Bay,  is  above  one  league  from  Carleton, 
where  i3  alfo  a  cuftom-houfe*  and  a  re- 
fpedtable  mercantile  houfe. 

N'ipisiCuiT,  a  fmall  village  of  Ncw- 
Brunfwick,  on  thclbuthern  lide  of  Cha- 
leur Bay,  inhabited  by  Roman  Catholics ; 
above  1 2  leagues  VV.  of  Caraquit  iHand ; 
between  which  and  Point  Mafanctte, 
are  the  capes  of  Poiguchaw.  At  this 
village  a  number  of  coailing  traders 
touch  during  the  fumnicr,  where  they 
purchafe  of  the  inhabitants  cod-fifii  and 
fajmon,  as  alfo  feathers,  peltr}'>  and 
fome  furs. 


OAKFUSKIES,  an  Indian  tribe  in  the 
weftern  part  of  Georgia.     The 
warrior  Mico,  called  the  White  Lieu- 
tenant, has  the  Ible  influence  over  1,000 
gun-men. 
Orco  s,  a  lake  of  Peru. 


'.>.{ 


■-.I'-    V,r 


PABO,  the  Micmnc  n;ime  of  a  rivf?r, 
on  the  northern  (ide  of  Chaleur 
Bay,  about  6  leagues  from  Grande  Ri- 
viere, W.N.  W.  of  Cape  Defpair, 

Palatine,  (New-York.)  A  pa'-t  of 
this  town  was  ereiled  into  a  new  towns 
by  the  legiflature,  in  1797. 

Peckwalket,  an  aucient  Indian  vil- 
lage, now  called  Fryebuig,  60  miles 
from  the  fca. 

PF.psir.TiiACHF,  now  called  Nfw- 
Cariyit^  IS  about  j  leagues  from  Paipi- 


biac,  on  the  north  fide  of  Cli^Ieur  Bav« 
Pepsiguiach  Point,  on  the  northern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  now  called  Pajyi- 
Iliac  Point,  is  about  j  leagues  W.  N.  W* 
of  Eaft  Nouville.  It  is  a  barren  plain 
that  is  nearly  a  league  in  length.  A 
very  extedfive  fifhcry  isca  -ied  on  here, 
tor  fuch  a  fmall  place. 

Plymouth,  the  principal  town  of 
Plymouth  co.  Maffachufetts,  and  capital 
of  the  Old  Cohny,  fo  Called,  is  42  miles 
foutheaft  of  Bofton,  and  is  about  the 
lize  of  Chaileltown.  Before  the  war, 
the  inhabitants  of  tliis  town  employed 
90  fail  of  veflels  chiefly  in  the  fifhing 
bufincfs.  But  in  the  courfe  of  the  war, 
they  were  moftly  taken  or  deftroyed 
by  the  enemy  ;  their  feamen  captivated, 
and  many  of  the  inhabitants  reduced  ta 
indigence.  They  have  iince,  in  a  great 
meafure,  emerged  from  their  diftrefled 
ftate.  The  harbour  is  fpacious,  but  the 
water  is  not  deep.  This  town  is  famou4 
for  being  the  firft  place  fettled  by  the 
anceftors  of  the  New-Englanders,  in 
i6»o.  N.  lat.  41  4!],  W.  long.  70  25. 
(For  a  later  and  more  particular  defcrip. 
tion,  fee  next  page.] 

Plymouth,  a  to^vn  of  New-York, 
in  Onondago  co.  lately  laid  oui  and 
named  by  E.  Watfon,  Efq.  a  native  of 
Plymouth,  New-England.  The  town 
lies  about  la  miles  fouth-eafl  of  Geneva, 
on  a  beautiful  declivity  on  the  eaft  fide 
ofSenecaLake,and  commands  a  charm- 
ing and  extenfive  view  of  the  whole 
lake.  The  town  plat  is  on  the  fpot 
formerly  called  jipple-Tovjn,  and  was 
the  head-quarters  of  the  Seneca  Indians, 
who  were  conquered  and  difperfed  by 
Gen.  Sullivan,  in  his  weftern  expedition 
in  1779.  The  fituation  is  healthful  and 
pleafant,  well  watered  by  copious  living 
fprings  ;  upwards  of  ao  honfes  were 
built  here  in  1796.  The  new  State 
road  interfe^ls  this  town  ;  and  here  is  a 
ferry  acrofs  the  lake  to  another  thriving 
town  on  the  oppofite  fide. 
PoNTE  di  Dio.  See  Atoyaquc. 
PoquE  CHOuniE,  a  low  fiat  point 
between  the  gut  of  Chepagan  and  t!ic 
village  of  Cafaquet,  on  thefbuthcrn  (ide 
of  Chaleur  Bay.  It  is  about  4  IcLigue? 
diflant  from  the  gut,  in  a  fouth-welt  di- 
rei5>ion.  The  iOand  of  Caraquet,  at  the 
fame  diftance  from  the  gut,  lies  in  a 
weft  direcflion  from  the  main.  The  vil- 
lage is  about  .1  leagues  in  extent ;  ■'it» 
plantations,  &c.  has  a  church,  and  a 
number  of  inhabitants,  all  Roman  Cath- 
olics. 


tLi 


rfhr 


4>ric9.    The  oyfter  and  cod  fifiicrlesare 
carried  on  here. 

PtYMOUTK,  d  fea-{)ort  to\(ro  in  Maf- 
facbttfettst  fhire  town  of  the  county  of 
Plymouth,  4i  miles  S.  from  Bollon  ;  a 
poll-town  and  port  of  entry  :  bounded 
northerly  by  Kingftofj,  and  a  line  ex- 
tending acrofs  the  harbour  to  the  Gut' 
net ;  wefterly  by  Carver ;  foutherly  by 
fVareham  and  Sand'VJtchy  and  eallerly 
by  the  fea.  The  townihip  is  extcnfive, 
containing  more  than  80  fquare  miles. 
Jb  is  about  16  miles  in  lengthy  and  more 
than  J  miles  in  breadth.  The  number 
of  inhaWtants,  by  the  cenfus  of  1791, 
was  4995.  The  Tboiw,  or  principal 
fettlement,  whicit  contains  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants,  is  on  the 
fiorth-eafterly  part  of  the  townfliip, 
»ear  a  ttream-  called  the  To^n  Brook, 
which  flows  tirom  a  large  pond,  bearing 
the  name  of  Billington  Sea.  One  main 
Ihtet  crp'les  the  itream,  and  is  inter- 
fe<fted  by  three  crofs  ftreets,  extending 
to  the  ihore  :  ainotlier  ftreet  riiiw  weft- 
erly on  the  north  iide  of  the  brook. 
The  tS#n  is  compadtiy  built,  and  coh- 
taitos  aboiA  100  dweiling-houfesy  (itFie 
greater  part  of  which  are  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  Town  Brook.)  a  handforae 
meeting-houle,  conrt-houfe,  and  gaol> 
There  are  two  precinds  ;  one  includes 
the  town,  and  the  diftritSs  ol"  Hobht' 
Hole,  and  Eel  River  ;  the  other  is  at 
Monument  I^onJs,  aiillage  lying  about 
7  miles  S.  from  the  town,  beyond  the 
nigh  lands  of  Mofii»//ent.  The  Ibil 
near  the  coall  is  generally  good  ;  the 
refidue  of  the  townihip  is  barren,  and 
AOtwithltandihg  the  antiquity  of  the 
fetdemenr^  is  yet  a  fortlt.  The  wood 
18  princi^aUy  pine,  though  there  are 
many  trads  covered  wirii  oak. 

Tlie  harbour  is  capacious,  but  fliallow, 
and  11  formed  by  a  long  and  narrow 
neck  of  land,  called  Sa/t-honje  Beach, 
extending  foutherly  frtim'  Marfhfield, 
and  terniinating  at'  the  Gurnet  Head, 
and  by  a  fmaller  beach  within,  running 
in  an  oppohte  direction,  and  connefted 
with  the  main  land  near  Eel  river,  abf^ut 
3  iiriles  from  the  town.  There  is  a 
Jight-lioufe  on  the  Gurnet,  and  on  Salt- 
houfe  Beach  is  pl:iced  one  of  tlie  huts 
ereded  and  maintained  by  the  Humane 
Society  of  Mailachufctts,  for  the  recep- 
tion andrellef  of  fliipwrecked  mariaers. 
There  is  a  breach  in  the  inner  beach, 
which  expofes  thtc  fhipping,  even  at 
the  wharves,  during  an  eafterly  ilans. 
Ppp 


^  The  principal  bufinefs  of  the  towiti 
IS  the  codfijhery,  in  which  are  employed 
a,oioo  tons  of  Ihipping,  and  about  30^ 
mdrt  annually.    There  are  a  few  coaft- 
ina  yeflels  belonging  to  the  place,  and 
«  brigs;  and  10  or  i«  fchooners,  em- 
ployed in  foreign  trade.    Many  of  the 
tilhmg  vefl'eis   niake  voyages  to   the 
Southern  States,  in  the  winter  feafon. 
The  exports,  which,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  prefent  rederal  government^ 
were  very  inconfidcrable,  no:  exceeding 
8,000  or  9,000  dollars  annually,  are 
noiw  rdpedtable.     In  1795,  they  ex- 
ceeded 70,000  dollars,  and  in  1796; 
they  amounted  to  near  130,000  dollars. 
Fornieily  the  produce  of  the  fiihery 
was  fold  at  Bofton,  or  Salein ;  it  is  nov 
almoft  wholly  exported  from  the  toivrt, 
and  confideraWe  quantities  of  fiili  have 
lately  been  purchafcd  at  Bofton,  and 
exported  frum  Plymouth.     The  pro- 
ceeds of  the  foreign  voyages,  are  gen- 
erally conveyed  to  Bofton  for  a  market. 
The  IcfHcs  and  iliffcrings  of  tire  in- 
habitants ot  Plymoulhj  during  the  war 
forindepeDdt;nce,wei-e  extreme.  Their 
vefl'eis  were  almoft  all  captured  of  loft. 
The  men  who  ufed  to  be  eniployM  hi 
th'em,  were  difperfed  in  the  fea  and 
land  i'ervice,  in  which  many  of  theni 
loft  their  lives  ;    a  great  ntihiber  of 
widows  and  ophuns  were  left  deftitute ; 
bulineft  hnguiliied  f  houfes,  ftores,  and. 
wharves  went  tx)  decay,  and  a  general 
appearancs!  of  poveriy  and  dcprciliou 
prevuilcci.    A  few  years  of  peace  and 
good  government  have  reverfed  this 
melancholy  ftate  of  things.    A  young, 
induftrious,  and  enterpnzing  race  of 
fcamen-hjs  fucceeded  to  thole  who  are 
gone :  bulineli  has  revived ;  the  navi- 
gation and  commerce  of  the  place  are 
more  refpe(?table  than  at  any  foimer 
period;  the  houfes  are  in  good  le.air, 
many  new  ones  are  cieded,  and  a  fpirit 
of  enterprizo  and  improvement  is  ap- 
parent.  An  academy  is  contemplated  : 
a  valuable  Oitting-mi)',  and  other  woi  ks^ 
are  ereded  on  the  Town  Brook.    A 
ftage,  which  goes  twice  a  Week  to  Bos- 
ton, is  well  liipported ;  and  an  aquedufk 
foV  bringing^  freftr  Water  to  the  houfes 
of  the  itiliabitants  is  more  than  lialf  cora- 
pletedi      »  he  townfhip  abounds  witlx 
ponds  and  ftreanis.     More  than   roc» 
ponds  appear  on  the  map  lately  taken 
by  a  Committee  of  the  town,  and  tran(i 
mitted  to  the  Secretary's  office.    Jfcfc:' 
I  lingtM  Sea\%  about  »  S}ile«  from  tl)* 

(owa/ 


'■i  ' 


pr 


V  L  T 

fowii,  and  covers  near  300  acres.  From 
the  ftream  flowing  irom  this  pond,  the 
aqueduA  v/ill  be  lupplied.  South  Pond 
is  much  larger.  Further  fouth  is  Ha(f- 
nuay  Pond  and  Long  Pond.  Near  Sand- 
wich line  is  the  Great  Herring  Pond. 
To  Billington  Sea,  Halfwaf  Pond,  and 
the  Great  Herring  Pond,  alewives  re- 
(brt  in  their  feafon  in  great  abundance. 
The  Great  Herring  Pond  has  been  con- 
templated as  a  rei'ervoir  for  the  pro)c^> 
ed  canal  acrofs  the  ifthmus  between 
Buzzard  and  Barnjlabte  Bays.  Many 
of  the  ponds  abound  with  white  and 
red  perch^  pike,  and  other  frefli  water 
fiih  \  and  in  the  numerous  brooks  which 
nv)  into  the  Xea  in  different  parts  of  the 
townihip,  are  found  excellent  trout. 
Thefe  ponds  and  ftreams  are  often  the 
ibenes  of  amufcment  for  parties  of  both 
lexes,  in  the  fummer  feaibn. 

At  the  village  of  Monument  Ponds 
and  Eel  river,  and  in  fome  other  parts 
of  the  townfhip,  many  of  the  inhabitants 
are  farmers.  In  the  T'cwtt,  the  gardens 
are  numerous  and  well  cultivated,  and 
when  aided  by  the  aquedud,  will  be 
trodu^tive  equal  to  the  wants  of  the  ia- 
habttants. 

The  fituation  of  the  to^vn  is  pleafanr 
atid>  healthful.  I'he  eafterly  winds  of 
the  Spring,'  however,  are  diflrefling  to* 
perfbns  of  tender  habits,,  and  are  uncom- 
fortable even  co  the  rolwft..^  The  mar- 
ket is  not  regularlip  fiippHedv  Fuel, 
fifh,  poultry,  and  wild  fo\(d  are  plenti- 
ful and  cheaper,  perhaps,  than  m  any 
other  fea-port  of  the  fize.  The  people 
are  Ibber,  friendly,  and  induftrious.-  It  is 
the  firft  fettlement  in  New-England,  and 
is  peopled,  principally,  by  the  defcenct- 
ants  of  the  ancient  flock.  But  few  foc- 
eiffners  are  among  them.  The  rotk  on 
•which  their  forefathers  fkft  landed,  was 
conveyed,  in  i77a>  from  the  fhore  to  4 
fquare  in  the  centre  of  the  town.  The 
fentimental  traveller  \rA\  net  fail  to  view 
it ;  and  if  he  is  paffing  to  Cape  Cod,  he 
will  paufe  a^  moment. at  Ctampudding 
Pondyiboyxt  7  miles  from  the  town, where 
the  people  in  ancient  days,  when  travel- 
liagfirom  the  Cape  tt>attend  the  courts  of 
Plymouth,  ufed  to  fit  and  regale  them- 
fclves  with  tJie  clams  and  padding  which 
they  brought  with  them.  A  few  rniles 
further  fouth,  on  the  fame  roadj  are  the 
/acrifice  rocks-^  which  are  covered  with 
the  dry  limbs  of  trees  and  pine  knots, 
fteapea  upon  them  by  the  Indians  al' 
t^y  paft  by,  Iq  otferjya^e  of^^^jn-^. 


clcnt  ufage,  the  origin  of  whTch  Is  n* 
certain. 

The  cheapnefs  of  living,  the  plenty 
of  fuel,  and  the  convenient  millVeats 
which  are  to  be  found  in  Plymouth,  will 
probably  render  it,  at  fome  future  pe- 
riod, a  confiderable  manutafturing  town. 
Domeftic  nianufa<5fures  are  now  very 
general  there.  Fifheryand  foreign  com- 
merce at  prefent  engage  almoft  all  the 
a<aive  capital  of  the  town  ;  but  the  con- 
tingenciss  to  which  they  are  expofed 
may  lead  to  fome  other  lources  of  em- 
ployment and  profit. 

In  the  three  laft  quarters  oF  1796,  the 
exports  were  as  follows  : 

Second  quarter,        5^6,443  dolls. 
Third  ditto,  36,634 

Fourth  ditto,  36,006 

In  the  firft  quarter  of  the  prefent 
year  (1757)  they  amounted  only  to 
11,466  dollars.  This  diminution  has 
been  produced  by  the  apprehenfions  ex- 
cited by  the  depredations' of  the  French 
pn  the  commerce  of  the  United  States. 

Port  of  Spain,  the  capital  of  the 
ifland  of  Trinidad,  in  the  Wefl-Indies, 
fuuated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  ifland^ 


^T-  M' 


•.f: 


RRTIGOITCHE  J^'iw,ontheriortIi- 
ern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  a  leagues 
from  Weft-Nouville,  and  runs  a  wefl 
cDurfe  in  general.  Ft  is  navigable  for 
fhips  and  brigs  7  leagues  from  its  mouthy 
and  abounds  with  falhion  and  wild  fowh 
Many  falmon  fifheries  are  carried  on 
here  to  confiderable  advantage. 

KoBERTSON,  a  new  county  of  Ten* 
nefTee.  .      ,  ■'. 

'•.  .J W  .,  ■■^<^;m/j,:i--f^i:j;i^^\i'j.\ 

-  '•>*  .-■■•■'  >  ■i'^-M-'i^if^  ■. 
!.#\.->it:-ii'  k  -l.vs 


s 


SAVAGE'S  PoJ,  at  the  Rock  Lam?- 
ing,  10  miles  below  the  Falls  of' 
Oconee  river. 

SEBASTtAN,  St.    See  Rio  Janeirf. 

Sh  AMOK  IN  Creek  runs  weflward  intb 
Sufquehamiah  river,  a  riHie  fouth  of 
Sunbury,  in  Pennfylvania. 

So  ME  Its  Ijlet.    See  Bermuda. 

SpEAR  Cdpe,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Iflaod,  and  the  S.  E. 
limit  of  St.  John's  Bay. 

SrdwE  Creeky  one  of  the  feven  town- 
fhips  into  which   Cumberland  co.  vk 
NcW-Jerfeyfis  divided^ 
■^^^^     ■'     .  .  TRA- 


\   t 


we:a 


H 


UT'    JC 


i-^i 


TR  AC  ADUCHE  now  Catleton,  on  the 
northern  (ide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  a- 
boutc  leagues  from  the  great  river  Caf- 
quipibiac  in  a  S.  W.  diredlion,  and  is  a 
place  ofconfiderable  trade  in  cod-filh,  &c. 
Between  the  townfhip  and  the  river  Caf» 
.guipibiac,  is  the  fmall  village  of  Maria. 


JLt.k 


w 


1  .  »A'    ■■;■  ■ 


Wager's  Strttit,  in  N.  Araerica.ls 
inaboutlat.65  37N.  WhenCapt. 
Ellis  was  in  this  latituae,  the  tide  ran  at 


ithe  rate  of  from  8  to  lo  leagues  an  hour. 

He  compares  it  to  the  fluice  of  u.  mill. 

Weatherford's  j'/«<r^,  Charles^  an 

Indian  houfe  and  plantation  of  that 


WOO 


»tx.:'»»'^'f*-  \ 


name,  on  the  eattern  fide  of  Alabani' 
river,  above  M'Gillivray's  fitter's  plac^ 
and  a  good  way  below  the  jundion  of 
Tallapoofee  and  Coofa  rivers. 

White  GroMwrf,  a  place  in  the  Ctoek 
country,  lo  miles  from  Little  Tallaflees 

Woodstock,    a  confiderable  and 
pleafant  townfhip  of  good  land,  in  the 
N.  E.  corner  of  Conne(fticut,  Windham 
CO.  divided  into  3  parilhes.    This  town- 
fhip, which  is  7  miles  fquare,  was  grant- 
ed by  the  general  court  of  MafTachufetts, 
;th  Nov.  1683,  and  was  fettled  by  39  fam- 
ilies from  Roxbury  in  1 688.    Tnis  town  ■ 
•remained  under  the  jurifdidlion  of  Mat 
fachufetts  till  about  the  year  1760,  fince 
which  time  it  has  been  confidered  as  be- 
longing to  Conne«5ticut.    It  is  66  miles 
S.  W.  ofBofton,  45  N.  E.  of  Hartford,  ■ 
»»  S.  W.  of  Worcefler,  33  N.  W.  of  ' 
Providence,  and  about  the  fame  diftance  * 
N.  of  Norwich. 


:{B]r  perminion  of  the  Author,  the  following  ufeful  TaUc  and  Obfervationi  are  here 

annexed.]  ■       ' 

TABLE  of  POST-OFFICES  in  the  UNITED 

STATES  with  the  Distance  from  the  Poft-Officc  at  Phila- 
ijJELPHiA  to  every  other  Poft-Office  here  mentioned.  t^': 

-^'  ■  ■  ■       :■    ■    ■  jwi'' 


ABBEVIIXE  court-houfe,  S 
Abbotftown,  P./;^    '- 
JAbingdon,  Va. 
Aocomac  court-houfe,  Va. 
Albany,  N.Y.  ^  ., 

Alexandria,  Va.  '     -  , 

Allen's  Frefh,  Md.        -.   „ 
Amboy,  N.J.  ,''v'.  ■*• 

Amherfl,  N.  H.  i^- ' .,,' j      ' 
Andover,  Ms.  r\ 

Annapolis,  Md. 
Anfon  court-houfe,  N.  C. 
Averyftorough,  N,C,. 
Aiigufta,  G. 


J,.., 
3 


B^ITIMORE,  Md. 
Bairdftown,  K. 
Barnftable,  Ms, 
Bath,  Me. 
BaA,  N.  y. 
Bath  c.  h.  Va. 
Seaufort,  S.C. 


Mflei. 

,C.  782 

103 

199 
365 
*i6 
ao3 
74 

.37» 
ija 
SH 
48a 
763 

loa 
875 
423 
5" 
X48 
337 
.8j6 


Bedford,  P. 
Belfaft,  Me. 
Bel  Air,  Md. 
Benedict,  Md. 
Benninston,  Vt. 
Bermuda  Hundred)  Va. 
Berwick,  Me. 
,  Bethania,  N.  C 
Bethlehem,  P.        ,    , 
Beverly,  Ms. 
Biddeford,  Me. 
Blackhorfe,  Md. 
Bladenfburg,  Md.  . 
Bluehill,  Me. 
Booneton,  N.J. 
Boston,  Ms. 
Bourbontown,  K. 
Bowling  Green,  Va. 
Brattleborough,  Vt.      , 
Brewers,  Me. 
Bridgehampton,  N.Y. 
Bridgetown  Eaft,  N.  J. 


Bndgetowa 


h 
I;     'I 


I     1 


•rA  i 


.;-;r/ii. 


0\ 


57 
306 

%0 
ill 

<io 

J5» 

643 
J77 
857 

"aj 


Bndgefown  Weft,  N.  JV 
Bnftol,  R.  I. 
Briftol,  P. 
Brookheld,  Ms. 
Brookhaven,  N.Y, 
BrownfvilJe,  P.    " 
BruDlwJck,  Me, 
Brvmfwick,  (Nev)  N.j. 
Buijirgton,  Vt. 
Butternutu,  N.  Y. 

Cabbin  Point,  Va. 

Cabcll(bur^,  Va. 

Cambridge,  S.  G.  -...t»,  tf; 

Camden,  Me. 

Caiudeo,  3.  C.       r      •  < 

Canaan,  Me. 

Canaan,  G.  . 

Cantwch's  Bridge,  D. 

CarJiOc,  P.'  ,.^j 

Carterfville,  Va.    vr-i  l '*>»- 71  ,>    tai 

CentreviUe,  Md.  <      ^  3 

Centre  Harbour,  N.  & 

CatlkiiJ,  N.  y. 

Cailine,  Me. 

Chamberfbiirg,  p. 

Chandler's  River,  Me. 

Chapel  Hill,  N.C, 

Cbaptico,  Md. 

Charleltown,  N.H. 

Charleftown,  Md. 

Charleston,  S.  C. 

Chailotte  c.  h.  Va. 

Charlotte  c.  h.  N.  C,     \ 

Charlottefville,  Va. 

Chatham  c.  h.  N.  C. 

Chenango,  N.  Y. 

Cheraw  c.  h.  S.  C. 

Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y, 

Chefter,  N.  H. 

Chetter,  P. 

Chefter  c.  h.  S.  C. 

Chefter-Town,  Md. 

Chriftiana,  D.         ; 

Cincinnati,  N.  T.    " 

Clavcrack,  N.Y. 

Clermont,  N.  Y. 

Clowes,  h. 

Cdlchefter,  Va, 

Columbia,  Me. 

Columbia,  Va.         ,'' 

Columbia,  S.  C 


•  ' -f*- 


.vi 


?.' 


VoVn      486 
610 

<>97 
47a 

ai5 
341 

-*9 
.     .^    7.63 

I    -*-•  3-79 

•3/ft    617 

303 

i84 

,  vs 

>"-*-  39* 

336 

396 

,,fici->ts  .  57 

■  .,>  :*a^.V% 


Dtgftorougb,  D, .  ^f 

Danbury,  C.  v  '  : 

Danville,  K. 

Dedham,  Ms. 

Dighton,  Ms. 

Dover,  N.  K. 

Dover,  D. 

Downingtoo,  P. 

Duck  Creek,  D. 

Duck  Trap,  Mc 

Dumfriei,  Va. 

Duplin  c.  h.  N.C. 

Durham,  N.  H. 

prefden,  Me. 

Jpouty's  Falls,  Me. 


0  -8  .al ..;» .. 


■'if 

T.i  !  ^' 
..  ■  i 


.  ^'i  v'l 


.r 


/f.''  ;d-: 


Conajohary,  N.Y,^^  .i'L'^^. 
Concord,  N.H.    '  ^-*^'"*  ^ 
Concord,  Ms. 
Copperftown,  N.Y. 
Coofawatchy,  S.  C. 
Culpepper,  Va.  -.. 

Cui^^iberland,  Md.      "  ^    . 
Cumherland  c.  h.  Va.    '  '■  ^f^ 


Sc3 
171 
688 

678 

318 

4aQ 

368, 

34S 

833 

a53 

aa; 

330 


Eaft-Greenwich,  R.  I. 
Eaiton,  p. 
Ea^on,  Md. 
Edeoton,  N.  C, 
Edgartown,  Ms. 
Edgefiey  c.  h.  S.  C. 
Elberton,  G. 
Elizabeth-Town,  N.  J. 
Elizabeth-Town,  N.C. 
Elkton,  Md. 
Ephrata,  P. 
Exeter,  N.H,  ;/ /  .,■ 

Fairfield,  Me. 
Fairfield,  C. 
Falmouth,  Ms.  '^    ']- 
Falmouth,  Va.  v,.  . 

Fayettevirie,  N.  C.     " 
Fincaftle,  Va. 
Fiflikill,  N.  y. 
Fleoiington,  N.  J. 
Frankfort,  K. 
Franklin  c.  h.  G.         *.-; 
Frederica,  D.  „,' ' 

Frederickfljurg  Va. 
Fredericktown,  Md. 
Freeport,  Me.     /   \,a,«. 


>    JlKii 


■'S 


'4 


-V 


G^Uipolis,  N.  T 
Geneva,  N.y.  ,„^ 

Georgetown,  C.  R.  Md.    -A   * 
Georgetown,  Ptk.  Md.     1,; 


Georgetown,  S.  C. 
Georgetown,  G. 
Gerfiianton,  N.  0. 
Cettifburg,  P. 
Glouccfter,  Ms. 
Gloucefter  c.  h.  Va. 
Goldibn's.  Va. 
Goochland  c.  )^  Va. 
Goldiborough,  Ma. 
Golbeh,  N.Y. 


4 


■71 

830 

3»i 

I' 

33 

♦4 

578 
?8» 
3<i& 
4J« 
J  40 

439 
70 

n% 
440 
446 

73« 
8<9 

80 
547 

•■  *f ' 

n 

4p» 
5^3 

4»<) 

307 

55;j 

53 
790 
8.U 

88^ 
208 
148 
493 


HS9 
4i7 

<^5 
148 
681 

«73, 
jaS 
119 
3,84 
3ai 
iSS 
30S 

I4<^ 

4,9^ 

Greene,  ' 


.,  tf.:-''-ic 


flftnc,  M«. 
Grcfniicid,  Ms. 
Greenbrier  c.  h.  ▼«, 
OMcnfborough,  G. 
Oretnfourg,  P. 
Greenfville,  T. 
Greenville,  N.  C 
Greenville  c.  h.  S.  Cr 
Cuilfordf  C. 

imeketftown,  N.  J. 
Pagerftown,  Md. 
Hahftix,  N.  C. 
Halifax  c.  h.  Va. 
Hallowell  c.  h.  Me. 
Htllowell  Hook,  iApt 
riimburg,  N.  J. 
Hampton,  Va. 
Hancock,  Md. 
Hanover,  K.  H. 
Hanover,  Ms. 
Hlnover,  P. 
Hanover  c.  h.  Va.     ' 
Hanover-Town,  V»,   ; 
Harford,  Md. 
Harpersfieki,  N.  Y. 
Harrifborg,  P. 
Harris's,  Va. 
Harrodfburg,  K. 
Haitford,  C. 
Haverhill,  N.H. 
Haverhill,  Ms. 
Havre-de-Grace,  Md, 
Hertford,  N.  C. 
Hicks's  Ford,  Va. 
Hilltborough,  N.C. 
Hingham,  Ms. 
Hogtown,  N.C. 
Holmes's  Hole,  Ms. 
Homtown,  Va. 
Hudfen,  N.  Y. 
Huntington,  Md.      " 
HutjlfvUle,  N.  C.        ' 

Indian-Town,  N.  0* 
Ipfwieh,  Ms.  .. 

Iredell  c.h.  N.  C.  ^ 

Johnforfburg,  N.J. 
Johnflon,  N.  Y. 
Jonefborough,  T. 


Kanandaigua,  N.  Y. 
Kedte,  N.  H. 
Kitiingworth,  C. 
KinderJiook,  N.  Y. 
Kingfton,  (Efopus)  N.  Y. 
Kiiiial:e,  "Va. 


^.f*;*^ 


.■.■i-.«l 


Mil 


.V 


1/ 


/  t.. 


5»4 

410 
|4I 

>7» 
577 
445 
781 

SOI 

149 

3,84 

414 

J4» 
lai 

37» 

179 
377 
375 
X06 

«5J 

30c 

77 
289 
107 
336 
810 
all 
41a 
38-» 

«5 
458 
356 
456 
369 

4x9 

A38 
X74 
».*7 
17? 
5Si 

499 

377 
59» 

9» 

307 
5JI 

473 
3^^44 
»I6 

444 
192 

305  • 


KHOXVJLLI,  T.     *    '****^ 


r 


fei.,.« 


Laneaftcr,  Ms, 

I^arcaHcr,  p.  > 

I-inraftcrc.h.  Va.         '•'   ** 

Lanilngburg,  N.Y.        '    >*'«*■' 

Laurens  c.  h.  S.  C.         '     '^ 

Laytons,  Va.  ■'( 

Lcbanun,  I*. 

Leefturg,  Va.       '   ^'  ■ ' 

Leefturg,  N.  C.        '^^'i    <  ■■■  V  ..rj 

LeoDiinrter,  Ms.      ■  ' '  *>-' 

Leonard-Town,  Md.    -•-*'^' 

Lewifburg,  P. 

Lexington,  Va. 

Lexington,  K. 

Liberty,  Va. 

Lincolnton,  N.  C. 

Litchfield,  C. 

Little  German  Flats,  N. 

Londonderry,  N.  H. 

Lotiifburg,  "N.  C. 

Loiiifville,  K. 

LOOISVItLE,    O.  , 

Lumberton,  N.C.        '  "    •'«**^-ir 

Lower  Marlboro',  Md.  ' 

Lynchburgh,  Va.  ' 

Lyoi>>  Ms.  -iff 


Machi^s,  Me. 
Manchcfter,  Vt. 
Marblehead,  Ms. 
Marietta,  N.  T. 
Martiniburg,  Va. 
Marlborough,  N.  H. 
Martiniville,  Va. 
Martinville,  N.C. 
Mecklenburg,  Va. 
Mendon,  Ms. 
Mjddlebury,  Vt. 
Middletown,  C 
Middletown,  D. 
Middletown  Point,  N.  J. 
Milffard,  C. 

Milford,  D.  .    \ 

,  Millerftown,  P.  '  ' 

Monmouth,  Me. 
Monmouth  c.  h.  N.  J. 
Montgomery  c  h.  Md. 
Montgomery  c.  h.  Va. 
Mt)mgomery  c.  h.  N.  C» 
^aoore  c.  h.  N.  C. 
Moorefields,  Va. 
Morgantown,  Va.      /  ; 
Mbrganton,  N.C.         '  ,; 
Morriftown,  N.  J.       , 
MorrifviHe,  P. 
Mount  Tizrah,  N.  C. 
M^rfreelborovigh,  NiC. 


•••i 


.i 


'k 


1  ^J 


I,. 


\u:i<,'>  .,'1     ! 


.  I   «* 


l^ntucliet,  Ms. 
I^arraguagus,  Me. 
Nafli  c.  h.  N.  C. 
Na/hville,  T. 
Newark,  N..f. 
New-Bedford,  M». 
Newbern,  N.  C. 
Newburg,  N.  Y. 
ilewbury,  Vt. 
New-Brunfwick,  N.J. 
Newbury  c.  h.  S.  C 
Newbury-Port,  Mi, 
Newcaftle,  Me.       'm.* 
Kewcaftle,  D. 
Mew-Germantown,  N.  J, 
New-Gloucefter,  Mc.       .^» 
New-Hartford,  C. 
New-Haven,  C.        .tx// 
New-Kent  c.  h.  Va.        ,  . , 
New-Lebanon,  N.  Y,      ,- , 
New-London,  C. 
New-London,  Va. 
New-Market,  Va. 
New-Milford,  C. 
New-Milford,  Me. '    * 
Newport,  R.  L    •  ,t 
Newport,  D. 
Newport  Bridge,  G. 
Newtown,  N.  Y. 
New-York  city,  N.Y. 
Nixonton,  N.  C. 
Norfolk,  Va. 
Northamjiton,  Ms. 
Northanipton  c.  h.  Va. 
Norridgtworth,  Me, 
Northumberland,  P. 
Northumberland  c.  h.  Va. 
North- Yarmouth,  Me.    .. 
Norwalk,  C. 
Norwich,  C. 
Nottingham,  N.  H. 
Nottingham,  Md. 


■h 


•*-j<* 


.-JV 


Old  Fort  Schuylier,  N.  Y. 
Old-Town,  Md. 
Onondaigua,  N.  Y. 
Orangeburg,  S.C. 
Orange  c.  h.  Va. 
Orford,  N.H.       j 
Ouliout,  N.Y. 
Owe^a,  N.  Y. 
Oxford  Ac.  N.  Y. 


Painted  Poft,  N.  Y, 
Paflamaquoddy,  Me. 
Peekfkill,  N.Y.  %«/j, 

Pendleton  c.  h.  S.  C. 
Penobfcot,  or  Caftine,  Me. 
3P«tgi>orough,  N.H.  ^i 


tifn«. 
58> 

673 

443 

I015 

86 

3»» 

50* 

170 

417' 
60 

7*3 
389 
.535 
33 
73 
49V 
342 
183 
308 

891 
*3f 
393 
342 

187 

538 

192 

3X 

«59 

850 

9J 

468 

389 

a7o 

439 
587 
1*4 
3*7 
483 
149 

aji 
437 
»6s 

364 
ai3 

4>» 

721 

a73 
395 
3«5 

384 
395 

S3O 
728 

«4J 

801 
606 
366 


t  »r 


"jt 

PetSrfhurg,  T. 
Pcttrfl)urg,  Va. 
Pctcrfburg,  G.  iT 

Philadelphia,  F.  .  j  i**^ 
Pinkneyville,  S.  C. 
Pifcataway,  Md. 
Pit:(burg,  P.  .   ,. 

Pittsficld,  Ms.  U'-^.i 

PittTylvania  c.  h.  Va* 
Pittfton,  Me. 
Pittfton,  N.J. 
Plumftead,  P. 
Plymouth,  N.H, 
Plymouth,  Ms. 
Plymouth,  N.  C. 
Pomftet,  C. 
Portland,  Me. 
Port-Royal,  Vi. 
Portsmouth,  N.H. 
Portfmouth,  Va. 
Port  Tobacco,  Md. 
Pottfgrove,  P. 
Poughkeepfie,  N.Y. 
Powhatan  c.h.  Va. 
Prince  Edward  c.  h.  Va» 
Princefs-Ann,  Md. 
Princeton,  N.  J. 
Princeton,  N.  C. 
Profpecfl,  Me. 
Protidence,  R.L 


if 


Qireen  Ann's,  Md. 
Qnincy,  Ms.  - 


i:iH    '•■.^ 


Sagg-Harbour,  N.Y. 
St.  Leonard's,  Md. 
St.  Mary's,  G. 
St.  Tammany's,  Va. 
Salem,  Ms. 
Salem,  N.J. 


•  13 

30.1 
836 

716 
»78 

303 
*99 
448 

547 

58 

36 

445 

39J 


ri  .U>.ti<'.    463 


264 
469 

S30 
4U 
39* 


>,]/*,-     J  94 

(--.■^  31 

/   li  »8o 

310 

358 

178 

4» 

419 

6o» 


X4I 

360 


Raleigh,  N.C. 

Randolph  c.  h.  N.  C»- 

Reading,  P. 

Redhook,  N.  Y. 

RKinebeck,  N.Y. 

Richland,  N.  C. 

Richmond,  Va. 

Richmond  c.  h.  Va. 

Richmond  c.  h.  N.  C> 

Ridgefield,  C. 

RocWay,N.J.       ^  *ji..,^^     i»3 

Rockford,  N.C.  \«M      S73 

Rockingham  c.  h.  Va.       >?  ,A„    *^* 

Roekingham  c.  h.  N.  Ci     *     T    53* 

Rocky  Mount,  Va.        >f   ^  '  '    433 

Rome,  N.Y.  •.•«»^*^        ^^^ 

Rutland,  Vt.  -i^  |^      359 

Romney,  Va.  ■->^i^m^     ^^^ 


44< 

585 

54 

ao6 

198 

551 

278 

»73 
5^3 
161 


so» 

186 

1054 
,  389 

valeiUa 


r.Iei. 


lakm,  N.  C.     -  •     4  ^  ;.^ .  J3i 

SsJiftury,  Md.       -J ,     J    •*    '     i«3 

-    -  -*■  '   'U'-'      567 


» vv 


..:fc 


•  -'..■  t'.W 


-r 


11'  .•! 


Salifbury,  N.  C. 

^anipfon,  c.  h.  N.  C< 

Jhndwich,  Ms. 

flunford,  Me. 

Savapnah,  G. 

Sawyer's  Ferry,  N.  C. 

Sbybrook,  C. 

Scotland  Neck,  N.  C. 

8chenc<5tady,  N.Y. 

Scipio,  N.  Y. 

Sharpfhurg,  Md. 

Sheffield,  Ms. 
Shepherdftown,  Vai 

Shippenfburg,  P. 
Shrewfljury,  N.Jw 
Sriiithfield,  Va. 
Smith  field,  N.  C. 
Smithtown,  N.  Y.      ^ 
Snow^ill,  Md. 
Somorfet,  Ms. 
8outhanK>ton,x.h.  Va. 
Sparta*  N.  J.  .iw'i' 

Spartan  c.  h.  S.  G.    s.'M  "di  V 
Springfield,  Ms,  :    n  s„>!»-^.'TC! 
Springfield,  K.   v^^y'rijir^r.-K 
Stamford,  C.      i*r   -iti  /f  ^  »^ 
8tateA)urg,  S.  G.*    '<:  .tjo.HH 
StJ^unton,  Va.     .  .> .    .5  ft'r'n;, 
Stevenfburg,  Vai    « >«,  /»  u.4!*i 
Stockbridge,  Ms.-      ^ /if  v*  ijitl .'• 
Stonington,  C.    ,*  t  rrlj^hpii^  • 
Strafburg,  Va»-  -r  •^l».^.:  ■nt:',-: 
Stratford,  C     pun  <  cv-yrv 
Suffield,  C.        'aillv.iwi3v; 
Suffolk,  Va-       'i  rj:i*>  *wa  v 
Sullivan,  Me.   .jith  v 
Sum'iV,  S.C.       .'lA 
Suflex  c.  h.  N.  J.      pit^'*  srvs*: 
Sunbury,  P.       ,..    )i  >q.  *j:i>  {,■• 
Sunbury,  O.       iw.wot  j.  .'^0. 
Sweedioorough,  N.J. 
Sweet  Springs,  ya. 

•htteytoff,  Mi^  -.{rjt-.t        lai 

Tappahannock,  Va^      .*,  •'■ 
Tarborough,  N.  C^ -■•■'-^  -  = 
Taunton,  Ms. 
Thomafton,  M«. 
Todds,  Va. 
Tower  Hill,  R.  I. 
Trenton,  Me. 

THENTOM,  N.  J. 

Tiwoton,  N.C. 
Troy,  N.  Y. 


UiBOii-Town,  P; 
Uoioa^N.  Y.  ■ 


J4J 
411 
447 
9«5 
48a 
»19 
396 
t8i 
461 
181 

^57 
178 
146 

79 
364 
47J 
147 
158 
.1" 
399 
117 
746 
350 

7»9 
>39 
463 
.87 
soo 

»49 
»Ji 

%io 
>69 

93  » 
386 

«45 

.»o8 

974 

20 
380 


«63 
4»o 

■».:.!;,!;<?•        jgj 
.;!  r.!-!i:^:%^     .633 

■"■'•■'■•'■■    •■  471 


3»7 
34»l 


Upper  Marlborough,  Md. 
Urbanna,  Va. 

Vaflalborough,  Mc. 
Vergennes,  Vt. 
Vienna,  Md.  ■  ' 

»  ■     - 

Waldoborough,  Me.     . 
VVallinRford,  C.  ' 

Walpole,  N.  H. 
WarcKbridge,  N.Y.      * 
Warminftcr,  Va. 
Warren,  Me. 
Warren,  R.  I. 
Warren,  Vj. 
Warrenton,  N.  C.,..  i    •. 
Warwick,  Md. 
WASHINGTON  city, 
Wafhington,  P. 
Wafliington,  K. 
jyafhington,  N.  C. 
Walhington,  G. 
Waterbury,  Me. 
Waynefcorough,  N.  C* 
Wayneftjorough,  G.     . 
Wells,  Me.  .,    .  .  ., 

Wefterly,  R.I.     '■    :. 
W^eftficld,  Ms.  "    „ 

Weft-Liberty,  Va. 
Wcftminfter,  Vt. 
Weftmoreland  c.  h.  Va. 
Weathersfield,  C. 
Wheeling,  Va. 
Whiteftown,  N.  Y*    > 
Wilke»,  N.  C. 
Wilkefbarre,  P..      "       "■ 
WilliamJborough,  N.  C» 
Williamiburg,  N.  Y.     . 
Williamfturg,  Va.      •', 
Wil'iwnlport,  Md.- 
Williaratton,  N.C.     . 
Wilmington,  D.-    - 
Wilmington,  N.  C.     ' . 
Winchendon,  Ms. 
Winchefter,.  Vav  —  •' 
Windham,  C.  '-   "■ 

Windlbr,  Vt.       •      .'    ; 
Windfor,  N.C. 
Winnfljorough,  S.  C.    >^ 
Winflow,  Me. 
Winthrop,  Me.      "   ,: 
Winton,  N.  C.     ... 
WifcafTet,  Me. 
Woodbridge,  N.  J. 
Woodbury,  N.  J. 
Woodftock,  Va. 
Woodftown,  N.  J. 
I  Worcefter,  Ms. 
[  Worthington,  Ms. 


i  .»  ,. 


;,*•       * 


.V... 


n 


;rf;»-%. 


A  Wytihe 


riS 

38». 

33» 

444 
98 

37« 
291 

•53 

481 
7«>8 

iS9 

5«9 

434 

70 
9 

»n 

i99 


V. ^the  c.h.  V*r  i^^:;^n^tr     4J* 
Yarmouth,  Ms.         "   \'    '  4^7 

York,  Me.  ■   '-f-         47.1 

York-Town,  Va.  ^?o 

Ynrk,  P.  _  is 

:a,^'     EX  PL  AN  AT  ION: 

We.    for  Maine 

-]9»1I.        New-HamfAire 

Vermont  • '  Mt^' 

IVlaflkfhufetts      '"■'!^    ■  '       ' 
Hal.  F.hode-in<md     ■-    - '  ^^  -; 

■C.  Connc(^icut         '^  ,.•''/ 

J*.  Y.        New-York         .':■-'■>  »'  '• 
N.  J.         New-Jerfey  •' \' 

^.  Penni'yivam:* 

W,  T.       Nortii-  w  eftam  Territory 
QiC  Pelaware       -  ,     --; 

Wi.  Maryland-  -Vi-  ,n(.?N|:..i:--t"it 

Virginia       .'J^  ^'itiii -v-U  i; 
U  Kentucky    '  ' '   v'-     •''■■' 

N.C.         NorflnCarolinar '"■'':»i' ' 
T*  Tenneffee  '»«    ^'-     ^  • 

I^C  South-Carolina  -"»'^     ■  '' 

w  Georgia  "•  ^'^'i'^'^'^' 

Wc.  Potowmack      '^  <^'^^''  '  '^•' 

C.R.  CrofsRortds       cart;  »• 

«.b.  Court-Iiuufe   '■»)'■  .J(  • 


4^ TES  r/  POSTA GE.Jar  ^figU 

i'-U..  .  Lctists,  .  . 

Any  diftance  not  excjoding 
Over  y.0  and  not  exceeding 


Over  60 
Over  loo 
Over  150 
Over  a  00 
Over  i«o 
0(^er  J  JO 
Over  450 


dp. 

do. 

do.. 

dn. 

do.. 

do. 


';  '-^.i 


.•?o  6 

60  8 

xoo  10. 

IfO  I2& 

450  If 

■  iSo  to- 

45<3  aA 


#////»  LETriiRS  rtctrrffi  from  pri- 
T3.te  (hips,  lire  r^J*  d  at  4  cents  each,  and 
if  rhey  are  forwaHcd  by  poll:,  with  the 
addition  of  the  orctiniry  rates  of  land 
poftage. 

Ship  Letters  paflln'i  in  packet-boats 
•r  feflel^  provid  d  Sy  the  United  Statef, 
ife  rated  as  followB  t 

?"  .   -    .■■fi  .■■'  ■     Cti. 

4,      Single  Letters  at       '     .  ;,■  i      » 

m  Double  at  ,  •  'i:,,.  id 

Triple,  or  Packets,. at  '    14 

But  at  prefint  theie  are  noiiich  pui>- 

lie  facket  bouts.       .-R  ,.i.j*i;;i    il    , 


AAT£S  (if  POSTAGE  ^  Iftnt* 

Pdpeti»'ih-&^    ■ 


■er 


Cm, 


Each  paper  carried  not  over> 

100  riiiles  j[     * 

Over  100  miles  ."■•-'  || 

But  if  carried  to  any  pofl:-6ffke"\ 
in  the  State  in  u^hicb  it  i;!  print-  f 
ed,  whatever  be  the  diftance,  ^    ' 
the  rate  is       •  -       , —    ,^Jt; . 
.  /  J.  .■,■;,.  ■■.^-  .f,  ■ 

Magazines  and  PAUfPHbE'ft  fS-fc 
rated  by  the  Jheet. 
-     .   ,  titt. 

Carried  not  over  50 railfes,  per  flieat    t 
Over  50  and  not  over  loo     do.        i( 
Any  greater  diftanc?    , :  ^,  ,^^,^  ^,,» 


I.'..  '• 


OBSERFATIONS.      '\ 

When  poftages  arc  charged  too  high,* 
fuch  as  a  linglf  letter  charged  as  doufie,- 
an  abatement  of  the  poftage  will  be 
made,  if  the  letter  or  pacjiet  is  opened 
in  the  prefence  of  the  Poft-Maiter  op 
fcij  letter-cai  rier,  but  not  otberwrle;. 

Letters  muft  be  delivered  at  the  of- 
fices of  Bolton,  New-York,  PhiladeF- 
pbia  and  Baltimore,  one  liour  before  the 
time  fixed  for  the  departure  of  the  mail'^ 
and  at  other  offices  half  ati  hour,  or  they 
wiH  lie  until  the  next  poft. 

Letter-carriers  are  employed  at  large 
polt-towns,  who  deliver  letters  at  the 
refidence  of  individuals  j  they  are  ec- 
titled  to  two  cents  for  each  lerter  or 
packet  which  they  deliver,  in  addition 
to  the  portage.  Any  perfon  may,  how- 
ever, receive  his  letters  at  the  polt-o/lfe:e, 
on  giving  the  poft-mafter  a  \vritten  di- 
reflion  to  that  purpofe. 

Poftages  of  letters  or  pacleets  may  b« 
pliid  in  advance  at  the  o^ce  where  the 
letter  is  entered  to  be  conveyed  by  puit, 
or  they  may  be  fent  unpaid  at  the  writ- 
er's clioice.  Poitage?  nwft  always  be 
paiii  before  delivering  of  the  letter. 

Poft-mafters  are  required  to  be  ver^ 
c»*tii'U8  in  delivering  letters,  there  br-^ 
ing  m  Ibme  towns  fevrral  perfon 8  of 
the  fame  nan;_e  ;  t!ie  dircdions  ftuMjld 
be  particular  in  fuch  cafes. 

The  dircAion  Ihould  always  mention 
the  .State,  and  generally/ the  countyrin 
which  the  place  is  fituated  ;  (or  there 
are  ( lices  of  the  fame  name  in  feveral 
of  thi  States,  and  in  fome  States  places 
of  tlte  farae  name  in  diftercnt  counties. 

As 


Aj  in  Peonfylvania  there  are  three 
places  called  Hanover;  one  in  York 
county  where  a  poft-office  is  kept,  one 
in  Dauphin,  and  the  other  in  Luzerne 
county. 

When  a  letter  is  deftined  to  a  place 
where  no  poft-office  is  kept,  the  neareft 
poft-office  Ihould  be  mentioned.  If 
the  place  is  not  on  a  poft-road,  and  it  is 
wifhed  that  the  poft-niafter  ihoitld  for- 
ward the  letter  by  private  conveyance, 
^at  wilh  ftiould  be  exprefled  on  the  let- 
ter, and  the  poftage  (houldbepaid  at 
the  office  where  the  letter  is  enter- 
ed. 

When  letters  are  deftined  for  Canada 
or  Nova-Scotia,  between  v  ..-.h  and  the 
United  States  there  is  a  regu.ir  commu- 
nication by  poft,  the  poltage  muft  be 
paid  in  advance  at  the  office  where  the 
fetter  is  entered,  fo  far  as  Burlington, 
Vermont,  in  one  inftance,  and  Brewers, 
Maine,  in  the  other  iuftance. 

When  letters  are  fent  by  poft  to  be 
conveyed  beyond  f«a,  the  poftage  muft 
be  paid  as  far  as  the  poft-office  where 
the  letters  are  intended  to  be  Ihipped. 
The  poft-mafter  there  will  forward  fuch 
letters  by  the  firft  conveyance. 

The  poft-office  does  not  infure  money 
or  any  other  thing  fent  by  poft  ;  it  is 
always  conveyed  at  tfie  nflc  of  the 
perfon  who  lends  or  requires  it  to  be 
fent. 

No  ftage  owner,  or  driver,  or  com- 
mon carrier ...  ly  carry  letters  on  a  poft- 
oad,  excepting  only  fuch  letters  as  may 
be  for  the  owner  of  fuch  conveyance 
and  relating  to  the  lame,  or  to  the  per- 
fon to  whom  any  package  or  bundle  in 
fuch  conveyance  is  addreffed. 

When  letters  are  delivered  by  a  poft- 
rider,  he  is  entitled  to  two  cents  for 
««eh  letter,  in  addition  to  the  poft- 


FREE   LETTERS.    ' 
The  following  perfons  have  a  right  to 
frank  their  own  letters,  and  receive  thofe 
dire<Scd  to  them  free  of  poftage  :  The 
Prefident   and    Vice-Prelident  of  the 
United  Sutes,  Secreury  of  State,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treafury,  Secretary  at  War, 
Poft-MafterGtneral,  Comptroller,  Reg- 
ifter  and  Auditor  of  the  Treafury  of  the 
United  States,  Ccmraiffioner  of  the  Rev- 
enue, Purveyor,  Accpmpta.it  of  the 
War-Office,  and  Affiftant  Poft-Mafter 
General ;  the  Members  of  the  Senate 
and   Home  of  Reprefentatives  of  tlie 
United  States,  and  the  Secretary  of  the 
Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  Houfe  of  Repre- 
fentatives,  during  their  adluai  attendance 
on  Congrefs,  and  twenty  days  after  the 
clofe  of  the  feffion,  when  tlieir  letters  do 
not  exceed  two  ounces  in  weight,  and 
the  Deputy  Poft-Mafters,  when  their  let- 
ters do  not  exceed  half  an  ounce  ia 
weight.    No  perfon  qjay  frank  otlicr 
letters  than  his  own.    If  letters  are  in- 
clofed  to  either  of  the  defcription  of 
1  officers  above  named  for  a  perion  who 
has  not  the  privilege  of  franking,  he 
muft  return  the  letter  to  the  poft-office, 
marking  upon  the  letter  the  place  from 
whence  it  came,  that  the  poft-maftec 
may  charge  poftage  thereon. 

The  diftances  m  tiie  Table  are 
taken  chiefly  from  the  information  of 
Members  of  Congrefs,  and  of  Poft-Mal- 
ters  living  on  the  routes  ;  and  is  pre- 
iumed  that  they  are  pretty  generallf 
accurate. 

ABRAHAM  BRADLEY,  jun. 
Clerk  in  the  General  Poft- 
Office,  Philadelphia. 
November  »,  1796. 

Note.  The  diftances  are  calculated 
by  the  poft  route  on  which  the  mails  are 
ifually  carried. 


«.■■ 


"$» "» 


QjiJl 


STATEMENT 


i!P!T^^Tw:^:?afa5'w 


.".f  "■^•-^iHJiciTTJ'.^-^ir  KjaKift^w.  '■^r-'tJjr^iit'A. 


<*JT>' 


n 


STATEMENT  of  the  CLAIMS  upon  the  GEORGIA 
WESTERN  TERRITORY. 


.,  A  SUTVtMARY  STATEMENT  of  the  claims  of  the  Stat«  of  Gebrjna,  and  of  the 
.  United  Swtes,  to  the  GEORGIA  WESTERN  TERRITORY  ;  and  of  the 
.  Arguments  adduced  by  the  Purchafers  ot  a  part  of  this  Territorv,  to  irtValidate 
I     fxieie  ciaims  ;  particularly  to  liich  parts  as  are  covered  by  their  purchafes  ; 

coUefted  and  ftated  with  impartiality  from  various  authentic  printed  and  man- 

ufcript  documents.  :,    - 


^  .«*■-•■-  V^  '; 


\Tbe  following  is  refa  rtd  to  at  tbt  elofi  of  the  article  Getti^a  Weftern  Tertitory ;  ivhichfee.'] 

I.  nPHE  State  of  Georgia  fay,  that  « the  unappropriated  territory,"  ufuallv  cbnfidercd 
X    as  within  the  liroitg  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  or  the  trart  of  country'nbw  diftin- 

fuiHiqd  by  the  name  of  the  Georgia  IVtJiern  Territory,  is  tbcir  property,  and  that  they 
avc  "  not  only  the  right  of  pr*-c;nption,  but  alfo  of  exerciling  all  territorial  rights." 
r.  Becaule,  by  the  id  and  9tn  articles  of  the  confederation  of  i'/8i,  the  territory  within 
the  limits  of  each  of  the  United  States  is  confirmed  and  guaranteed  to  each  of  them 
i-cfpe<fKvely.  f  Becaufe,  the  boui.darics  of  Georgia,  as  eftabUflied  by  the  treaty  of  Paris, 
of  1783,  and  by  the  convention  at  Beaufort  of  17.87,  include  this  territory  ;  and  the 
6th  article  of  the  Federal  Ginftitution,  by  the  fpirit  and  meaning  of  it,  confirms  thefe 
limits.  And,  3dly,  Becaufe  the  United  States,  by  accepting  a  ccihon  from  N.  Carolina, 
of  her  Weftcrn  Tcrt-itory,  did  ^  fact  acknowledge  and  recognise  the  right  of  Georgia  to 
her  Weftern  Territory.*  To  this  claiitl  of  Georgia  the  purchafers  accede  ;  upon  thi* 
ground  the  falcs  were  madt  to  the  refpeiftive  compaiiica  in  1795,  and  en  this  ground 
the  purchafers  reftcd  the  validity  of  their  claim; 

But  the  State  of  Georgia  no*  rerlaims  that  part  of  her  Weftern  Territory  fofd 
according  to  the  aft  of  her  legift*«rc,  cf  Jan.  7,  1795,  alleging  that  the  adl  authori- 
ling  the  falc;  is  contrary  to  the  fcurth  article  of  the  Conftitution  of  the  United 
States  ;  repugnant  to  the  i6th  and  i-th  fe<ftions  of  the  firft  nrticle  of  tlic  ronflitution 
of  Georgia,  and  was  moreover  obtained  by  means  of  "  fraut'/,  atrocious  fpeculation, 
conuption,  and  co!iu(ioM."  Henre,  oy  an  adt  paffed  Feb.  13,  1796,  the  above  aft  of 
J;tn.  7,  1795,  was  "declared  null  and  Vwid,  and  the  grants,  rights,  aiid  claims, 
dedurcd  from  it,  annulled,  aud  rendered  void  and  of  no  cft"edl."f 

In  ainlWcr  to  the  above  (fated  claim  of  Georgia,  it  is  contended  by  the  purchafers, 
•  J.  Th«t  the  repealing  law  of  Georjjia  is  merely  void,  and  leaves  the  title  of  the  purchaf- 
ers where  it  found  it.  If  corruption,  loey  fay,  did  ^lift  in  the  legiflature  which  made 
the' fale,  (  vrfiirli  ib  however  flrenuoufl'  denied)  it  is  very  qucftionable  whether  it  c-ui 
ever  be  allefjcd,  a»  a  contraifl  canilot  be  repealed,  like  other  acts  of  legiflation  ;  and  as 
f!;e  fupr'rr.e  povf-r  of  a  Sitatc,  as  fuch,  rannot  be  accountable  to  any  other  "onftitutcd 
MiXh'jtity  {in  ti.^  implies  a  fupcrior  tribunal.  By  this,  however,  is  not  meant  that 
|4)(  ivrony  di'n'-  cMimot  be  individually  ^rofecuted  for  corruption,  though  the  State 
nvay  be  btmnd  by  tt«i'  l«le'*.  If  the  allegation  were,  fay  they,  that  the  legiflature  v.erc 
^reived  by  &f  purch.tf'  r  j,  the  granr,  like  that  of  an  individual,  unfairly  obtained, 
would  be  void  on  proof  of  the  fraud :  but  tor  a  legiflature  to  allege  its  own  criminal- 
ity and  corruption,  to  avoid  its  own  grant,  ji  truly  r.ovel;  and,  in  point  of  principle, 
#iere  i:  no  di3ere»KC  betw^-n  the  fame  and  ;  ;>rtccding  legiflature.  But  if  corruption 
«4  this  kind  can  naMe  \'oA  the  grant,  at  leal'  it  ouf^t  to  be  proved ;  and  that  too  in  a 
I'iftirt  comr  •  ■'-■  f  to  weigh  cLf  cvidrrcc,  and  decide  or  the  faift :  in  other  words,  it  is  u 
1      '     iiy  ■  triable  onJy  la  a  judiciary  court,  aiid  being  a  queftion  of  fad:,  «<iift 

bt.  tri  -'  !ir ,      The  IcgiMature,  therefori',  having  no  authority  in  this  cafe,  this 

cxar.  d  <*f<'r*'<'m  caa  be  confidcred  no  cthcrwil'e  than  as  mere  ufurpation,  and 

void.     /J  d  prrhapsie  #itic<  to  the  purchalers,  u  ought  to  be  added,  that  the  lUpo- 

flt'OIlS 


f  Such  arc  tJ.eer<.ur  •' 
''i/S  Other  aii«rflrc::( 
Wi!i    ..  fitit  tf  §•'■  ft  t'j:.- 


•  .'"ff.i  liy  Georgia  to  her  Wedern  Trrritorv,  in  hcr  Afl  cf  Jan.  7tl'. 
I  ;>  ■  t.-  Mu  Lui;  iiteii  taV.;;.  jy  tlic  piuctaitii'iUJd  their  agunts,  wki'.i* 
'./         "atetncnt. 


'  CEORGTA    WESTERN  TERRITORY. 

fitloni  taken  by  the  committee  of  the  legidature,  (though  triken  ?«  />»,//,  and  under  a'-' 
(Irong  bias  of  party)  do  not  contain  much  clear  evidence  of  fraud. 

It  is  alfo  iaid  by  the  purchafers  that  even  if  there  had  b<-en  fraud,  and  that  fraud 
might  be  alleged  to  deftroy  the  title  «f  the  original  purchafers  who  were  priv\*  to  it  • 
vet  that  innocent  pcrfons  havin»  parchafed,  utterly  unacquainted  with  the  fa>fts,  and* 
jiving  in  remote  parts  of  the  United  States,  their  title  couid  never  be  controverted ;— p : 
that  it  was  enough  for  tfcem-to  know  that  a  legiftatire  adk,  granting  ihe  lands,  had  palT- 
ed ;  and  that  they  were  ignorant  of  any  fraudulent  practices. 

With  regard  to  the  allegation  in  the  repealing  acfl  of  Georgia,  that  the  fales  were" 
ajainft  the  conftitution  of  the  United  States,  and  that  of  Georgia,  it  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  treated  as  having  any  folid  foundation ;  it  has  been  called  a  naked  affcrr 
tion  without  any  reafoning  to  Itopport  it.     It  has  been  fai^  that  every  State  in  the  U« 
nion,  having  unappropriated  lands,  has  difpofed  of  them  through  the  medium  of  leglf-' 
lative  aits,  and  their  validity  has  never  been  queftlonedi  though  there  is  no  pecubar 
difference  in  this  rcfpedl  between  the  conftitution  of  Georgia  and  thole  of  the  other 
States.     In  fliort,  it  fcems  to  be  generally  agreed  among  the  informed  part  of  the  com- 
muaity,  that,  (Whether  Georgia  had  caufeof  complaint  on  account  of  uniairncfs  in  the 
feles,  cr  not,  the  repealinglaw  muft  be  confidered  as  a  "  contravention  of  the  firft  prin^ 
fiples  of  tiatural  juftice  and  fociiil  policy,"*  and  void. 

II.  The  claim  of  the  United  States  dcferves  more  particular  attention.  Various 
grounds  have  been  taken  to  fupport  this.  It  has  been  intimated,  rather  than  aflerted, 
in  a  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,;-  that  by  the  proc- 
lamation of  *fce  Britifli  King,  of  OcT:.  7, 1763,  all  lands  lying  weft  of  the  heads  of 
the  rivers  v/hich  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  were  taken  f'om  the  colonies,  and  far 
remained  until  American  Independence,  and  then  became  *hc  property  of  the  aggr<*> 
gate  body  policic  of  the  United  States,  as  they  were  not  withiu  the  iimits  of  any  par^.  ' 
ticular  States. 

This,  it  is  faid  by  the  purchalcrs,  is  bold  ground,  and  is  oppofed  not  only  to  aVl  the 
meafuresand  opinions  in  Britain  and  America,  while  we  were  colonies,  but  alfo  to  the 
whole  courfe  of  arrangements  fince  our  independence.  It  proves  too  much  to  prove 
any  thing.  The  argument  deftroys  itfelf ;  for  if  this  be  true,  ull  the  lands  ceded  to  tiie 
United  States  by  Carolina,  Virginia,  and  every  other  Stn  »  ceding  wcftcrn  lands,  belon;;- 
td  to  the  United  States  without  ceirion.  Some  of  the  eft  counties  of  Virginia  non', 
belong  to  them ;  the  Conncdlicut  Referved  Land,  is  theirs  ;  rfae  whole  States  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Tcnncflee  are  theirs :  The  ^onfequcnccf ,  fay  they,  are  too  wild  to  fuffer  the 
principle  to  be  admitted.  Nor  do  the  words  of  the  proclamation  warrant  the  con- 
ftrudtion.  The  Governors  of  the  colonies  arc  thereby  only  forbiddec,  "/or  the  prif~ 
tnt,  and  uniH  the  King's  further  pleafure  fiould  ieincit'ii,  to  grant  warrants  of  furvey,  or 
pafs  patents  for  thofc  Iands."t — And  the  reafon  is  given  in  the  Proclamation,  viz.  That 
the  feveral  tribes  of  Indians  living  under  the  king's  protetSiion,  "  Hiould  not  be  moleft- 
ed  or  difturbfd  in  the  poflTcirion  of  their  hunting  grounds."  Inftead  of  a  permanent  al- 
teration of  the  boundaries  of  the  colonics,  a  temporary  prohibition  to  the  (Joveroov* 
to  grant  thofe  weftern  lands,  is  alone  to  I>e  found  in  the  Proclamation  ;  and  the  objecT:, 
viz.  peace  with,  and  juftice  towards,  the  Indians,  required  no  more.  And  another  fadt 
fecmstoput  this  matter  naft  all  doubt  ;  the:  boundaries  of  the  colonics,  as  cxprefled  in 
thr  commi^ions  of  the  feveral  Governors,  were  uniformly  the  fame  after  the  proclama* 
tion  as  before. 

Otivrs.ia  fupport  of  the  c'aim  of  tl-r  United  States,  iiavefaid,  that  \\\c  original  char- 
ter of  Georgia  did  not  iocludc  the  laud';  lying  fouth  of  a  linr  projeClccJ  due  weft  from 
the  hea<S  of  tlw  moft  fouthtrn  ftrcam  of  t\-n-  Alatamaha  river  ;-  -that  this  ftream  is  the 
.OakmiilgC'-  river,  and  that  its  moft  fouthero  head  is  probably  about  bt.  51  ^O  N.  It 
is  further  (m^  'hat  no  adt  of  the  Britilli  government  ever  enlarged  the  colony  beyond 
its  original  ch  .rtrrcd  limits,  except  the  Procl.amntion  of  7»h  Oil.  1763  ;  and  that  this 
r.nnexcs  the  lands  hctwcer  the  Alatamaha  and  b't.  Mary,  no  further  weft  than  their 
heads  ; — therefore  it  is  .ondudfd  that  the  whole  weftern  courvfry  claimed  by  Georgia, 
fxccpt  fo  much  th'-reot  ,»«  lit^  north  of  a  due  wcfi.  line  fror^  the  head  of  the  OakmiiU 
(fee,  never  w  a^,  within  the  rnWw  of  Georgia. 

To  this  ir  is  anfwered,  by  n.-  ^dnx^ates  lor  the  title  of  Georgii,  that  the  charter  of 
Carolina,  granted  in  166?.  fxtLudcH  th-t  ei>loiiy  as  fa'-  louth  as  the  ,uft  degree  of  N. 
Lit.  and  as  t,ir  weif  as  the  WtfternOct  <  ■  —That  after  the  divifion  of  C.irolinahitotv.o 
.f-olonies,  S.  tJaroll.iahad  the  fame  fouthi  rii  and  wcftern  limits. —  i'hat  ihi'  furrender  of 
the  cfcarter  by  the  prr-prictors  of  t'arolina.only  rcftorcd  t\\c/>ro/r,rty  to  the  crowii,  I>ut 

did 

#  See  "  The  csfc  if  *hp  Georgia  fale-;  nn  the  Miniricri.  confidcrcil"  by  .Mr,  Uirj-er.  A9d  Mr,  lUmJl- 
tsifi opinion  on  thi- calc,  jirlnteil  at  tin;  dolV  of  thiN  p.i'Tio'iii't.  ■     '" 

J^  Si"' thi-;  jirlntcd  rcjiort.  }  ice  the  prQc!»m»tioD. 


^  CfEt>ROIA  WESTEKK  TlTtRlTOllY. 

r^klaat  innHiilate  the  coloay,  whfckh  evMent  from  a  royal  Governor  brine  iomitdi* 
ately  appointed,  who,  by  his  coanntffion,  iitnade  "  Ooremor  of  our  colony  of  &,  CarolU 
lU,"  without  any  fpecific  boundBricf  ;  which  meant  a  traft  of  country  bounded  u  under 
the  proprietary  govrrnniciit,  or  it  meant  nothinj^. — That  on  the  9th  of  Tunc,  173  a 
the  colony  of  Georgia  wai  carved  out  of  S.  Carohna ;  but  all  land»  belonging  to  S.  Ca-* 

.Tolina,  Aill  continued  to  belong  there,  except  that  which  was  contained  in  the  charter 
of  Georgia;  and  of  courfc  the  land  lying  fouth  of  the  fouth  line  of  Georgia,  as  far  aitke 
31ft  degree  of  lat.  flill  belonged  to  S.  Carolina,  which  is  evident  from  cowmon  fcnfe.ai 
well  at  from  the  faA  that  the  Governor  of  3.  Carolina  made  grants  of  land  fonth  of  the 
cdony  of  Georgia  in  1763 ;  which,  though  highly  offcnfive  to  the  board  of  tradc^v.  ere 
at  Icpeth  admitted  to  lie  legitimate.  It  is  further  faid,  that  the  State  of  S.  Carolina,  in 
1788,  oy  folemn  legiflativc  atft,  ceded  to  Georgia  all  her  right  to  the  lands  in  qocftlon, 
by  ratifying  the  articles  of  the  Convention  of  Beaufort,  agreed  upon  between  the  States 
of  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia  j  and  that  the  lands  became  thereby  unqueftionabiy  the 
property  of  Georgia. 

-  Other  anfwers  have  been  made  to  this  ground  of  claim  by  the  United  States ;  fuch 
aathat  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  Proclamation  of  1763,  was  to  aUnex  the 
^nd  in  queflion  to  Georgia,  and  that  this  was  confidercd  as  the  fa(ft  by  the  Britilb  gov- 
ernment ;  and  if  the  communication  from  Mr.  George  Chalmers,  the  certi^ng  officer 
of  the  board  of  trade,  to  the  Attornev-General  of  the  United  States,  is  to  be  relied  on  as 
an  authority,  this  is  true.  It  has  aifo  been  anfwcred  that  the  Oakmulgee  is  not  the 
pioft  fouthern  ftream  of  the  Alatamaha,  but  Phenhalloway's  Creek,  which  heads  in  lat. 
31  north  ;*?  fo  that  the  whole  of  this  land  was  ftri(ftly  within  the  original  chartered 
limits  of  Georgia. 
.  Other  advocates  for  the  claim  of  the  United  States,  have  faid,  that  at  leaft  this  claim 
is  good  from  the  31(1  degree  of  lat.  as  far  north  as  a  line  projedted  due  eall  from  the 
fonfluencc  of  the  Miflllippi  and  Yajioo  rivers. 

The  foundation  of  this  alTertion  is  this.  The  board  of  trade,  in  1764,  reprefented 
to  the  king  that  it  was  expedient  to  extend  Well-Florida  as  far  northward  as  the  :ibove- 
mcntioncd  line,  and  advifed  that  a  proclamation  might  iflue  for  that  purpofe.  No 
fuch  proclamation,  however,  was  made  ;  )»ut  fevcral  fubiequent  rommiflions  to  the 
Governors  of  Weft-Florida,  bounded  the  colony  of  Weft-Florida  northward  by  that 
line  ;  apd  in  this  ftatc  the  matter  refted  until  the  independence  of  the  United  States. 
Hence  it  is  argued  that  this  land,  being  a  part  of  W.  Florida  in  1783,  when  the  bounds 
of  the  United  States  were  fettled  by  treaty  with  Great-Britain,  could  not  belong  to 
Georgia ;  but  being  within  no  particular  State,  it  became  thp  property  of  the  United 
States. 

To  this  the  purchafers  have  anfwercd.  That  the  proclam^t^ion  of  7th  of  Oft.  1763, 
^^as  a  tolevnn  public  »&,,  and  eftabliihed  the  fouthern  boundary  of  W.  Florida  at  the 
3  ift  deg.  of  lat.  and  that  the  commilHon  of  a  Governor,  being  inicriot  in  folemnity  .-ind 
publicity,  could  not  abrogate  it.~-That  the  reafon  why  no  proclamation  was  made, 
probably  was,  that  the  fnppofed  fad  on  which  the  expediency  of  the  alteration  was 
prc^i^tcd,  was  not  known  to  exift ;  and  that  in  the  commilGons  themfirlves  are  words 
leaiding  to  a  belief  chat  it  was  confidercd  only  as  a  temporary  arrangement.  The  fadl; 
it,  &y  they,  that  this  matter  was  wholly  founded  on  a  grofs  mifreprefentation  of  the 
Governor  of  Florida,  who  reprefented  to  the  bpard  of  trade,  and  they  to  the  King,  that 
fhe  31ft  deg.  of  lat.  \\&i  fouth  of  the  town  of  Mobille.  It  is  nearly  certain  that  the  Brit- 
ifli  government  did  not  confider  this  as  a  permanent  alteration  on  the  i.orth  ^  Sound 
»ry  of  W.  Florida ;  for  no  reafon  can  be  given  why,  in  the  peace  of  1783,  they  li.v  .Id  cede 
to  thp  United  States,  without  any  cqui^ilent,  fo  great  and  vahi.ible  a  part  of  W  Florida, 
which  had  never  joinrd  in  the  revolution  ;  efpecially  confidtring  that  on  tV-  lame  day 
on  which  our  tuaty  with  Britain  bears  date,  flie  edcd  W.  llorida, '  ithon.  ^outids,  tq 
Spain:  tlius  or  he  fame  dav  ceding  the  lame  territory  to  two*'  itrcnt  nAtionst  if  it 
vas  then  a  p*ri  ot  W.  Fh'rjda. 

Other  a^/tSl/nmt  have  been  urged  againft  the  ckum  of  the  Uni.cl  States,  which  ap- 
ply to  all  thc§r«HMlk  t4  claim  whave  ni«  ntioned.     It  h-is  been  laid  by  the  nurchaftrs 
and  thtir  agrnt^^W  the  moll  lolemn  adbi  of  tht  three  nations  who  have  I  ::en  imirt 
lliateiy  inten  fted  in  the  qu«  flion,  have,  for  a  lon<"  coiH-fc  o»  years,  recognized  the  title 
pf  Georgia,  vi.     'ritain,  ^tMin,  »nd  the  IJnircd  Siafes. 

Britain,  \*  hi'  3t«jn  meiitidned,  reoognirtd  this 'itle.  by  th<"  peace  of  t'R.I-  Tin 
gcatral  (Mtnciplcop  wktach  the  boundaries  ot  the  United  States  were  thcffcftabliflitrf, 


■^'rrer.tn-  at  War,  taken  imdcr  the  authomy  o\ 

tht  Uiii«>ci  btirc,  ih-i  n  nLJlc"..'.  'i  <.^»:i.k  furWf  ai  4  m  C  difiance  from  its  ewranee  Jiito  »h«  AU:j 
ni.ilvii  i  mill  tlinl  c«th  Iti u.irn  tur.,  m\  j(  t> i>iy  »  it  fi  m  Itt  lieaii  to  t)ie  fotkj  Ulc  hc«d  uf  lut;  k'UlUuU 
Itryitju  bkiug  about  the  ui»A  Bwiliutl)- (Uk  «t  the  %«M  diigrei;  ot  l.itUude. 


It  spprars  by  a  m»rn'"  Ttot  vtajK  !n  fhf  nitre  of  tht 


GEORGTIA   WESTERN  TERRITORY. 


««ii,tiMt  4ie  former  thirteen  eolonie*  were  t*  be  «ckn©wledged  as  ladepeMilit 

bjr  Britain ;  and  confequently  the  bounds  of  the  coloni«  were  to  he  the  bounds  of  the 
^tatet.  It  cannot  be  pretended  that  the  land  in  queftion  was  ^^hin  any  other  colony 
than  that  of  Georgia  or  South-CaroUna ;  and,  as  has  been  rarotioned,  South-Carolina 
has  ceded  all  her  right  to  Georgia  by  the  convention  of  Beaufort,  in  17 R7 ;  „„d  it  is  in- 
credible  that  Britain  (hould  then  confider  the  land  ai  pan  of  Weft-Florida  •  for  then 
without  motive  or  retfon,  fhe  gave  to  the  United  States  the  beft  part  of  a  colony  i*hich 
had  chofen  to  remain  under  her  allegiance.  ' 

5/«m  hat  recognized  the  title  of  Georgia  by  the  late  trenty  made  between  he!-  and 
the  United  States;  for  if  the  land  was,  in  1783,  a  part  of  Florida,  Spain  had  an  equal 
fight  to  it  with  the  United  States ;  Great-Britain  having  ceded  it  to  both  nations  on  the 
ftu  c  day.     But  Spain  has  given  up  all  claim  to  the  United  States  without  any  equiva- 
lent.   This  was  done  on  the  explicit  reprefentation  on  the  part  of  our  government 
flrft  by  Meffrs.  CapmUbael  and  Short,  and  afterwards  by  Mr.  flndney,  under  cXpreri 
JAftruftiona  from  the  Supreme  Executive  of  the  United  States,  to  claim  the  land  as 
4  ftrt  e/  Giargia ;  and  thefe  inftrudlions  were  the  rcfult  of  an  elaborate  inquiry  by  Mr. 
yefer/oit,  tF  ?n  Secretary  of  State,  as  appears  by  his  report  to  the  Executive  on  the  fuhi 
jcdt.     Indeed,  Spain  never  claimed  the  land  as  a  part  of  Wcft-Florida,  hut  fet  up  a 
frivolous  claim  by  eonquefl.     And  it  has  been  added,  that  as  the  celCon  of  this  country 
from  Spain  by  the  late  treaty,  was  obtained  bjr  a  reprefentation  from  the  United  States 
that  it  was  a  part  of  Georgia,  Spain  is  not  in  honour  bound  by  this  article  of  the 
treaty,  if  the  fadt  was  not  fo,  if  the  l^nd  did  indeed  belong  to  her  own  province  of 
Wcft-Florida. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States,  it  is  faid,  has  for  a  lonj;  courfc  of  years  ac- 
quiefccd  in,  and  by  many  public  a«fts  pcknowledgcd  the  title  of  Georgia,  fo  as  to  bar 
all  claim,  even  if  the  title  of  the  United  States  were  othcrxvife  valid.     As  a  principle 
to  govern  in  this  cafe  it  is  ftated,  that  in  courts  of  equity  it  has  been  cftabliflied,  "  that 
the  true  owner  of  land  fhall  be  bound  by  a  fale  of  a  ftranpcr  who  has  no  title,  if  the 
owucr  fuffcr  the  fale  to  go  on  by  an  innocent  purchafer,  without  giving  notice  of  his 
title  when  he  has  it  in  his  power  ;  and  that  the  cafe  is  much  ftronger  againft  the  owner 
when  he  has  given  a  colour  of  title  to  the  feller,  and  thus  helped  to  deceive  the  pur- 
chafer."   As  fajfts  falling  within  this  princi^e  it  has  been  ftated,  i.  That  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  iiiftrutfted  their  eimmiffioncrs  for  making  the  peace  of  178.3, 
to  claim  this  land  as  belonging  to  Georgia ,  and  this  appears  bv  tiw;  journals  of  Congrr fc, 
in  the  fuUeft  manner.     2.  That  attempts  were  made  by  tht  United  States  to  obtain  a 
ceilion  of  this  land  from  Georgia,  and  a  con&deration  ofFeved  for  it,  without  any  inti- 
nation  that  the  United  States  had  a  claim.     3.  That  the  convention  of  Beaufort,  by 
which  the  conflicfting  claims  of  S.  Carolina  and  Gecrgis  were  amicahiy  fetticd.  was  con- 
dudled  under  the  aufpices  of  the  United  States;   the  qucihon  ha^rig  been   ubmitted 
to  a  court  appointed  by  Congrcfs  to  try  it,  according  to  a  provifioa  m  the  former  con. 
federation  of  the  United  States.     4-  That  in  1 7  89  the  goTernment  *»f  the  United  States 
Aated  to  Spain,  at  the  ground  of  the  claim  of  the  AnaerKian  jioveinnent,  that  thfe  tei. 
ritory  belonwd  to  Georgia  by  virtue  of  her  charter  and  the  Brm !  mation  of  176  (, 
J.  That  in  the  negociation  which  preceded  the  late  treaty  between  the  United  States 
^nd  Spain,  Meflrs.  CarmicbaJ  and  Short,  American  rommiirioners,  by  exprcfs  inftruc 
tions  from  the  Supcme  Executive  of  the  United  Stages,  alTerted  the  fame  thing  as  the 
ground  of  the  claim  of  the  American  government ;  and  that  even  after  the  f  \ifting  falcs 
of  this  territory,  and  after  the  fame  had  been  officially  communicated  by  the  govern^ 
inent  «f  Georgia  to  the  Prefident  of  the  United  States,  and  by  him  laid  before  Con. 
grels,  Mr.  Pincincy,  our  late  envoy  to  the  court  of  Spain,  who  nej;    :iait:d  the  latt  treaty 
cxprelsly  declared,  in  liis  otTicial  communication,  that  '^he  claim        f!)e  United  States 
was  founded  on  the  fa<il,  that  this  country  was  a  part   u  Gcorj^ia,  and  this  too  purl'u- 
jint  to  exprefs  inftrniiUons  from  the  American  Executive. 

Thefe  have  been  urged  as  public  aifls  of  the  American  jrovernmrnt,  giving  ftrong 
folour  of  title  to  tieorgia.  Others  of  acquiefccnce  in  her  title  b  '  the  ITnited  '^titts 
have  been  added  Such  *t  the  iilcncc  of  the  general  government  wIkii,  in  1783,  (itor- 
gia  palled  a  kgiflative  J.&.,  declaring  her  title  to  this  country,  and  taking  mealures  to 
iettleit.  Alio,  wlicp  in  1785  Georgia  erei^ltU  part  of  this  territory  into  a  county  by 
the  nam*  of  Bour&on,  and  appointed  ma;;iftratcs  tlure,  and  provided  for  the  further 
fcttltment  of  it ;  and  alfo,  wiicn,  in  1789,  Georgia  parted  an  ao\  for  tlic  fab'  ct  the  now 

controverted  lands  to  certain  companies,  who  after  failed  of  complying  with  the  terms 
pf  payment. 

It  has  been  faid  by  the  puif hafcrs  »nd  the-r  aemts.  That  it  would  be  indelicate,  st 

i^^n,  luf-  tht  kovcr^uucnt  ui  the  United  ^t.itcs  lo  iiuid  lu>.'h  largu:Hgc  as  this :  "  It  is 
■    "        ■   *  ,  UUC, 


MP 


1  ;««(«*.'» 


^^..        .    QEORGIA    WESTERN   TERRTTORYj       

4rae,  we  reprerented  to  Great-Critain  that  tltis  land  belonged  to  Ororvia,  nnd  obtarincj 
a  ccfTion  from  her  on  this  ground.— It  is  true,  that  we  claimed  it  of  Spain  on  the  fame 
g-ound  for  years  together,  and  at  laft  on  that  ground  obtained  a  relinquiflimcnt  of  her 
claim  ;  but  we  fallincd,  aud  they  were  cheated^r-It  is  t^ue,  we  claimed  it  in  behalf  of 
Ccprgia,  and  as  a  part  of  Georgia ;  but  having  obtained  it,  we  vill  keep  it  ourfelve?. — 
It  is  true,  we  declared  by  many  public  and  foiemn  aiSts  that  the  title  of  Georgia  was 
good,  and  thereby  induced  a  great  numbef  of  American  <'iti7.ecs  to  purcbafe  and  rilk 
all  their  property  in  the  emerprize  ;  but  we  will  now  alTert  our  claim,  and  deftroy. 
tjiemfor  being  weak  enough  to  believe  ut !  and  it  is  true,  it  has  Ions;  been  fettled  that 
the  principles  of  juftice  forbid  individuals  from  ^oing  thus ;  but  we  arc  above  the  rules 
of  juftice. 

The  foregoing  is  as  clear  and  impartial  a  view  of  the  confli<fting  claims  to  the  Giar- 
fr'ta  Wefitm  Tfrrittry,  as  the  author  could  colledl  from  the  various  documents  in  his 
feoflcmon.  Thefc  documents  do  not  furnifb  an  anfwcr  to  the  foregoing  reafonin^ 
againfl  the  claim  of  the  United  States  ;  nothing,  except  what  has  been  alleged,  l>avjng 
»pi>earcd  OB  that  fide  of  the  ciueftio«p.  ,.  ,..,..... y^ xa  ■- ■■  --.  ..   •  ^^ 

•  i'.s.';^-;;  tR.,'?.ttt:"  *    v.. --.■.-^.i  .'.j('j  ,t,'V- ?,,  ,^ 


r»  ija-'«'  tifi  •,**■  •"»■"• 


yifSA^^*. 


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■-   a   •'■■..■■'  ■ 


'Vt'i 


piRECTIONS  to  the  BINDER /or  placing  the  MAPS» . 


16.' 


.f.g-rV 

.«J-.i:?y  MAP  of  North-America  to  front  the  Titf,?. 

X  R.f.n..:  of  the  Northern  States  to  front  N:ru-Eti^!and. 

'■\u.\X\l  — —  of  the  Southern  States  to  front  Southern  Statet,        ['  _^, 

vd  r-i;  i of  South-Amkrica  to  front  ylmrr!,-^.       .7  ^.^.^^^^ ;-;.', ,    ^  ,    ■     ■  , 

'fr:-.  f.tff  —  of  the  West-Indies  to  front  Wj/F-Z/jt/zW.    3  ."  : 

ij--l:irfs*^ of  Islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  front  Tierra  Aufial,  S:c. 

,.".■.       V——  cf  Georoia  Western  Territory  to  front  Georgia  Wtjlcrn  Territory 

4JSP  The  Binder  is  rcquefted  to  notice  that  Sigs.  [M  i]  to  [A  a  t]  precede  Sig.  M, 
and  that  Sig.  [Z  i]  is  a  quarter  flicct. 


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ift »!«; 


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-^-•■-v---- ' 


ERRATA. 


i'.'M  ..^U  ■ 


^he  fteodcr  is  requefted  to  correal  the  following  errors,  fome  of  which  escaped! 
the  notice  6f  the  Author,  and  others  later  intorniation  has  enahltil  him  to  tec- 
tity.  As  the  Work  is  not  paged,  the  reader  is  rcierred  to  the  Article  undcrf^ 
which  the  error  is  to  be  found. 


ALMSBURY,  for  jivt  icad  four 
miles,  ['i'his  fliou.'d  be  Avtejuury, 
■tsa\.  MiHjbury.\ 

Bf.hring,  for  Ijljirikonx}  r.  Tjhlrikvv:. 

Cayenne  R.  for  Fame  r.  Par'wia. 

Cuba,  4th  line  from  bottom,  after 
nobk  ijltmd  add  the  chaiim-ls  feparating. 

Greenville  C.  H.  Virginia,  for 
Kick's  r.  Hick's  Ford. 

Hamilton,  N.  Y.  for  Chcming  r. 
Ctci'tung. 

Hudson's  Bay,  near*thc  clofe,  for 
firs  r.  furs. 

Ilheos,  for  S:garc  r.  Segnro. 

Illinois  R.  for  Prar'ias  r.  Picrias. 

Lebanon,  Penn.  r.  ^lifapahilla. 

Marlborough,  iVc-ov, Mafl. for  13 <• 
r.  144  miles  from  Bofton. 

Masc^uls,  for  Ccifco  r.  Cufcc. 


MiNGO  Toivtif-  fot  petrel  r.  petral. 

Monday  Bay,  for  hvach  r.  Reach. 

Mongon  Cape,  for  part  r.  port, 

Monmouth,  or  Freehold,  dele  Mon- 
viouth,  and  place  Freehold  in  its  pi  oper 
place. 

MuN'TE  Christ  &.'/>f, after  the  words 
rifei  ifi,  add,/3/7;;  of  dn  amphitlieatre. 

Mi)SE,  FiiL  de  Mofe,  r.  nila  de  Mofc. 

N  i- wcA'STLE,  Maine,  for  Datiiii/ixtte 
r.  DiU/iurifcitta. 

PiORiAs  Fort,  for  Craivs  r.  Croivs. 

Plymouth,  Malil  Two  accounts  of 
thi',  town  me  inicrted  in  the  Appendixy 
dck  the  full. 

Port  Tobacco,  for  TrcJ/j  r.  FreJ/j.- 

ToTTERV,  for  Occa/ioto  r.  Ouafiatu. 

VtRG  EN  N  E  s,  after  the  word  laid,  add 
out. 


•the  DISTANCES  of  the  fallowing  TOWNS  all  in  New^ 

Hampshire,  are  taken  from  the  journals  of  the  Afl'embly  about  the  year  1778, 
which  is  a  more  corre(ft  fourcc  of  information  than  was,  by  miltake,  ufed  in 
the  body  of  the  work.  The  diltances  are  here  undoubtedly  reckoned  as  the 
roads  run  ;  and  for  tl^e  number  of  miles  here  mendoned  the  Members  of  the 
Legiflaiurc  from  the  refpct^ive  towns  received  pay  for  travel.  Many  of  the 
roads  may  have  been  Ijnce  fliortened,  which  may  render  this  lill  inaccurate. 

,         .    .  Mik'S. 

•D  ARRtNGTONaz  from  ^ortfmouth 
■^  Bow 


Brentwood 

Candia 

Canterbury 

Charleilov<rn 

Chefter 

Claremont 

Concord 

Derryfldd 

Dover 

Publin 

Dunbarton 

I)p.nftable 

Puiham 

Epping 

Epfom 

ExettT 

Ham ^, on  Pal)* 

Hampflcad 

Ilawke 

HinlddJe 

Hopkinton 


5.3 

36 
54 

120 

ZS 
141 
J4 
49 
14 
%% 

S3 
54 

.1 

36 
15 
14 

»7 

114 

64 


Miles. 

Keene 

95  from  Portfraouth 

Kenfington 

so 

Kingflon 

20 

Landown 

27 

I.itchlicld 

JO 

Londonderry 

.•^8 

Loudon 

40 

LyndL borough 
Marlow 

68 

loS 

Monfon 

5a 

New-Caftle 

8 

Newington 

5 

Newmarket 

»7 

Newtown 

36 

Nottingham 

^S 

Nottingham,  Weft  50 

PcUiani 

4» 

Plaltow 

o'J 

Salem 

4* 

Som'jrfworth 

19 

Soudi-Hampton 

ai 

Stoddard 

99 

Streatliam 

li 

fINIS. 


